‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٢٢‬‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ ٢٢‬‬ ‫א
‪:‬‬
‫طאא‬ ‫אنא
‪:‬‬
‫‪Transmission Lines‬‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫‪:!"!−١‬‬
‫‪  3.45‬א
 א !‪ 1
2 %‬א‪ ".‬א& א‪ + ,-./0‬א*") א('
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‫طאא&‪H4I‬א‪:&+G‬א‪
0‬و!–א‪–-
B0‬א‪–4/‬א‪.-J.‬و‪A‬א‪
4‬د‪8K‬‬
‫א‪ .
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‫و‪/K‬طאא‪O(
PO‬א*
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8N‬א‪ :
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‫‪ (Q‬ط‪SM‬و‪ V!-=٨٠%
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‫و‪%8b=c-.F‬א(‪`a5OA‬א`א‪G‬وא_‪A
+‬א^‪
P.‬אوא‪.
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8+‬و"‬
‫و‪Q"h‬ندא‪e!
@=AP!fg
.‬א‪AO
/P‬א‪.1

/d‬و‪_+A‬אא‪
N‬ل‪8K‬א‪A4/‬‬
‫א‪ 8N‬א(و& و ‪ A _jK‬א^‪ A 4!  " ]=! 8= 
P.‬א‪ 8N‬א`
  ‪A
!Q ،‬‬
‫א‪8N‬א`
`‪]-:‬مא‪K
P.‬ز‪e5‬א‪O&-4/‬لא‪8eBKKl@6k‬א‪
.‬א‪&-4/‬א‪6k‬‬
‫]‪
5‬دאل‪ .‬‬
‫ ‬
‫‪−٢‬طאא‪ Short Transmission LineSM‬‬
‫‪XP5‬א‪(١)$‬א"א‪g‬א‪6C-r:
0‬א_‪
p`q‬و!‪
/K
.8 R‬وא‪
0‬و!א‪6C--‬‬
‫و!‪
/K
s5Q
.8 X -
B‬وא‪-
B0‬א‪،6C--‬و‪8K‬א‪-J.‬وא‪.4/‬و‪t_+A‬א‪
d‬‬
‫‪5‬نא‪"
.‬א‪
/5Is"0‬وא‪"
.‬א‪8d‬א&‪Ir‬و‪K‬نא‪Xu4‬א‪
.‬وא‪
8="7‬‬
‫‪ :&-5‬‬
‫‪Is‬‬ ‫‪= Ir = I‬‬
‫‪Vs‬‬ ‫)‪= Vr + Is ( R + jX‬‬
‫‪= Vr + I Z‬‬
‫@‪4
v&+Zl‬א‪ .6k‬‬
‫و א‪
40‬د^‪ 1‬א‪
4! &+ 
/‬د^‪ 1‬א‪ ، (P=!) +
w‬و ‪Q x@u5‬ن א‪ t
w‬א‪ 
.- /‬و א‪A "7‬‬
‫‪ `q (١) y‬א^‪ cM A t
w‬א"و א‪ 
.- Ph0‬א‪V0‬دد ‪ ،‬و ‪ `q
s5Q +‬א‪ t
w‬א‪
.‬ل‬
‫א"א!‪%‬א‪"0‬א&א‪8d‬א&‪ .‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
 (٢٢) ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬

 

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 :
.‫
א‬electrical performance&‫א‬6k‫א‬#‫دא‬Q‫"د‬z‫و‬
 :
.‫
دא‬40
)45‫و‬voltage regulation8d‫"א&"א‬7‫א‬ASL.‫( א‬Q
Percentage regulation = ( |VNL| - |VFL| / |VFL| ) x 100
Where:
|VNL| = magnitude of receiving end voltage at no load (NL)
t_+ A ‫
و‬/K ‫( و‬8d‫ א‬M:) {u‫ @
 א‬A 8d‫|" "  א‬- 5‫"د‬4‫ א‬8‫א‬
 .("0‫"א&)א‬M0‫"א‬h
d‫א‬
|VFL| = magnitude of receiving end voltage at full load
"h%
d‫א‬t_+Ac-.F‫و‬،&-‫א‬8}.‫"א‬8d‫|""א‬-5‫"د‬4‫א‬8‫א‬
!
4!‫
مאذא=
ن‬$‫و‬.&‫א‬6k‫א‬G‫א‬H‫و‬8}-"‫
!א‬40
PO&‫"א‬0‫א‬
8‫א‬%!Q‫ن‬K8d‫|""א‬-5‫"د‬4‫א‬8‫
نא‬:(lag)‫א‬I.!&`@ ( cos φ)"‫א‬
8"5]K‫ن‬Q%ql@!
4‫
א‬d‫א‬t_+ 5(٢)$‫وא‬."M0‫|""א‬-5‫"د‬4‫א‬
8&4K
.‫א‬P5.‫א‬u4‫وא‬.(lead);
/‫
!א"א‬4!
@A8d‫""א‬7‫א‬
 :"‫
!א‬4!A‫"="א‬7‫א‬ASL.‫א‬
Percentage regulation = [ (I R cos φ + I X sin φ ) /Vr ] x 100

A‫
ل‬4:SL‫
لوא‬4B‫"א‬B‫`א‬a‫و‬، transmission line losses‫א"א‬A"B‫( א‬W
 :&
.
=
345‫و‬6k‫א‬4
v
2
Active losses = I R
Reactive losses = I2 X
 .٣A8‫א‬WsK€h‫&א(و‬HuH‫
م‬9‫@
א‬A‫و‬

 :u4
&4K‫و‬،transmission line efficiency‫א‬6g
B=(‫ج‬
η = (1 – loss/Ps ) x 100
Where
Ps = Vs Is cos φ in single phase

٢
 (٢٢) ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬

Ps = √3 Vs Is cos φ in 3 phase




 (٢)y

 Medium transmission line‫'אل‬.!‫طא‬−٣
 :6k‫א‬4'`8.‫
ن‬.
@"hK‫و‬-J.‫א‬8K‫ط‬k‫א‬t_+A
t_+&8/K‫و‬6k‫א‬cM.!A"@‫!=]"وא‬6C--‫א‬4/‫א‬3.4K:&‫
א(و‬d‫א‬
-
B0‫
و!وא‬8--‫نאא‬Qx@u5‫و‬.g‫א"א‬t_+ 5(٣)$‫وא‬T- circuitg‫א"א‬
1
u‫و‬.4/‫א‬JKl@cM.0‫
ƒא‬h&-X5‫
و‬/.!Xg]h&‫
א‬8/K‚
 :&
.-
PO
.
"7‫א‬
Vm = Vr + Ir Z/2
Ic = Y Vm
Vm = ( Ic + Ir ) Z/2
Is = Ir + Y Vm

d‫אلא‬6'.!‫א‬6
@A
.‫|"وא‬-&|.0‫ א'א‬5(٤)$‫وא‬
 .&‫א(و‬


 (٣)y


٣
 ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٢٢‬‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫‬
‫‪ (٤)y‬‬
‫‬
‫א‪
d‬א`
 ‪/K:‬א‪4/‬א‪6C--‬א&‪
/.!Xg]h‬و‪""X5‬א‪5‬و
‪5‬א‪6k‬و‪t_+&8/K‬‬
‫א"א‪π- circuitg‬وא‪t_+ 5(٥)$‬א"א‪.g‬و‪1
u‬א‪"7‬وא‪ :&
.-
PO
.‬‬
‫‪Ic2‬‬ ‫‪= Vr x Y/2‬‬
‫‪Ic1‬‬ ‫‪= Vs x Y/2‬‬
‫‪Is‬‬ ‫‪= Ic1 + Ic2 + Ir‬‬
‫‪= VsY/2 + Vr Y/2 + Ir‬‬
‫‪Vs‬‬ ‫)‪= Vr + Z ( Ir + Vr Y/2‬‬
‫و‪1
|.!'(٦)y 5‬א‪"7‬وא‪.
.‬و‪x@u5‬אنא‪
40‬د^‪1‬א‪
/‬א€אذא=
‪G‬‬
‫א‪
:SLJ4/‬ن‪8‬א‪K Y @
8/‬ن‪SLJ‬و
‪
@&4K)'
*
8+‬و!‪
4‬د^‪1‬א‪6k‬‬
‫א‪x@u5
8=.SM‬א‪
s5‬אندא‪ T- circuit&Kg‬و‪5†
@A
8=X.r:
.!S‡ π- circuit‬‬
‫ˆ‪8‬א&د‪،
.‬و‪&4K%‬א"א‪
Kg‬ن‪ .
.!fg
.‬‬
‫و‪5‬ن@‪W
/‬אدא‪#‬א‪)6k‬א‪ASL.‬א‪"7‬א&"א‪ –8d‬א‪A"B‬א"א–‬
‫=‪g
B‬א‪OA
8=(6k‬قא‪k‬طא‪ .SM‬‬
‫‬

‫‬
‫‪ (٥)y‬‬
‫‬

‫‪٤‬‬
 (٢٢) ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬


 (٦)y

 Long transmission lines-5‫طאא‬−٤
‫
ند‬8s,‫وذ‬X.‫و‬QA48bG/‫و‬6k‫لא‬O&-‫!ز‬6k‫א‬G‫א‬H3.4K
‫
دل‬4.‫א‬6‫€و‬h‫و‬X5‫א^@
د‬I:
0‫א‬g‫א"א‬A6k‫`א‬a 5(٧)$‫ وא‬.1

/d‫א‬
 .€h‫&א(و‬HuH‫
م‬9,‫وذ‬



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g‫
"א‬J
 Y@
8/‫ وא‬X4
80‫نא‬K single phase"@‫€אא‬h‫
م א‬9
@A‫و‬
 .€h‫و‬QHu`‫
مא‬9A
8=‫
دل‬4.‫وא‬6k‫א‬X‹‫و‬g‫&א"א‬X
€ ‫ و‬6k‫ א‬5
 %! x :
/! &- dx €O SLJ M _j5 
.‫" و א‬7‫ א‬1
u  ‫
ج‬..'^ ‫و‬
4/‫;א‬P/
.‫א‬ASL.‫ وא‬dV"7‫א‬ASL.‫ وא‬Y dx@
Œ‫ و‬Z dx&‫א‬.‫&א‬-4
v
 :,_،x8‫
د‬5‫ز‬e!‫]دאدאن‬5
.‫"وא‬7‫אنא‬x@u5‫و‬.dI‫אز‬.‫&א‬--M.0‫א‬
dV = I Z dx
dV/dx = I Z
dI = V Y dx
dI/dx = VY
 :x:
/8-P/

/‫א‬1^‫
د‬40‫&א‬-
B.‫א‬#‫א‬h

2 2
d V/dx = Z dI /dx
d2I /dx2 = Y dV/dx
 :&-MŽdV/dx‫و‬dI/dx%‫ض‬4.

2 2
d V/dx = Z YV

٥
 (٢٢) ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬

d2I /dx2 = Y ZI
 :M‫א‬Ad‫
نوא‬.‫
ن‬.-
BK‫
ن‬K^‫
د‬4!
8+‫و‬
√ YZ x
V = A1 e + A2 e - √ YZ x
 :&-MŽ
/‫
دא‬40‫&א‬-‫
ن‬K!
B.‫א‬#‫א‬h
‫و‬
d2V/dx2 = Y Z (A1 e √ YZ x + A2 e - √ YZ x )
@`q&
.
‫و‬، VAW‫و‬s!( Y Z)G
H‫
و!"א‬/5‫
و‬/5&
`‫
א‬B.‫אאنא‬
 :&K
=
.--H
v‫
د‬4!
.=%q‫و‬.‫
د‬40‫א‬
√ YZ x
I = (1 / √( Z/Y)) [ A1 e - A2 e - √ YZ x ]
 dV/dx = IZ:‫ن‬Ql@
 :&+‫و‬6k‫א‬5
"‫وط‬$‫"مא‬C./KA2‫و‬A1G‫א`א‬X4.‫و‬
At x = 0 : V= Vr and I = Ir
 :f.554.
‫و‬
Vr = A1 + A2
Ir = (1 / √( Z/Y)) [ A1 – A2 ]
Put Zc = √ YZ , then
A1 = ( Vr + Ir Zc )/2
A2 = ( Vr - Ir Zc )/2

8=
.‫"وא‬7‫א‬1^‫
د‬40'
'(‫א‬M‫&א‬-‫ل‬Md‫א‬%qγ = √ YZ 54.
‫و‬
 :&-5
γx γx
V = ( Vr + Ir Zc )/2 e + ( Vr - Ir Zc )/2 e -
I = ( Vr/Zc + Ir )/2 e γ x - ( Vr/Zc - Ir )/2 e - γ x
58.‫ א‬4
80‫و א‬Q characteristic impedance ]80‫ א‬4
80‫  א‬Zc = √ L/C  &8/K ‫و‬
‫ط‬A  Zc8‘-PK‫و‬. propagation constant
$.^‫א‬G
H γ‫ و‬surge impedance
8}.‫)א‬45‫و‬.‫وم‬Q٦٠&‫א‬٤٠X
!1u
‫א‬A‫ومو‬Q٥٠٠&‫א‬٤٠٠X
!g‫אא*א‬
"@‫
!"א‬4!‫א&ذو‬8d‫€א‬I surge impedance loading58.‫א‬4
80

 :6k‫&א‬-0‫نא"א‬K‫و‬BM‫
وא‬/K6k‫ن!
و!א‬Q‫ض‬B
2
Pr = V r / Zc MW
"8}-
-JK%q"3=Q`a‫ و‬natural power6C-4P‫&
"א‬8/K‫و‬
4
80‫א‬8-.‫و‬Q8d‫"א&"א‬7‫א‬e:%q8‫א‬t_+‫
د‬5]‫و‬.6k‫א‬5

.‫ط‬C- 4
80‫ א‬8 -. &‫א‬.‫& א‬- 1
B`! JK `! 
J‫ א‬g
' 58.‫א‬
 .maximum loading6k‫א‬8}.83=‫
وא‬/K^"4P‫نא"א‬Qx@u5‫و‬

 Equivalent circuit for long lines-5‫طא‬C-r:
0‫א‬g‫א"א‬−٥
G‫ ذو א`א‬5‫ א‬6k‫ א‬u`a ^  T- circuit ‫ و‬π- circuit  ‫
ن‬Kg‫’ن א"א‬: P %! =‫
ذ‬8=
 :&-MŽ,_، Z‫و‬Y %!^"g‫א"وא‬t_+AZ’‫و‬Y’ ‫ضא‬B)',_‫ز‬0‫א‬

٦
 (٢٢) ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬

Vs = ( Z’ Y’ /2 + 1) Vr + Z’ Ir
 :'(‫א‬M‫א‬AIs‫و‬Vs ,‫
ذ‬p‫و‬
Vs = Vr cosh γ l + Ir Zc sin γ l
Is = Ir cosh γ l + Vr/Zc sin γ l
  :f.5Ir
.‫
!א‬4!‫
وא‬/p‫و‬
Z’ = Zc( sin γ l)/ γ l
 6C-&‫א‬.‫&א‬--‫
و!א‬0‫&א‬+Zl@
Y’/2 = Y/2 ( tanh γ l /2) / (γ l /2)
 .-5‫طא‬C-r:
0‫א‬g‫א"א‬XP5(٨)$‫وא‬



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.‫א‬H‫א&و‬6C-!
4‫א‬g‫א"א‬−٦
 ! +
8= ‫
ن‬h“ ‫ن و‬u"!
* ‫"و‬J !
 g‫ א& "א‬6k‫ א‬g‫` دא‬a %q
 .(٩)$



 (٩)y
‫"ول‬7‫وא‬.‫طאא‬1^
@e•g‫א"א‬t_+`aA,B,C,DG‫א`א‬SL.‫و‬
:B-.C0‫طא‬C-G‫א`א‬t_+XP5&
.‫א‬

Line A B C D
Short 1 Z 0 1
Medium: T 1+ ZY/2 Z( 1 + YZ/4) Y 1 + ZY/2
Medium: π 1+ ZY/2 Z Y( 1 + YZ/4) 1 + ZY/2
Long cosh γ l Zc sin γ l 1/Zc (sin γ l) cosh γ l

٧
‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٢٢‬‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٨‬‬