Purpose:

To study temperature

Materials:

Safety:

Pre-Lab Exercise:

Substance Formula

Structural

Formula

Molecular

Weight

Hydrogen

Bond

Ethanol

C2H5OH

46 g/mol

Yes

1-propanol C3H7OH

60 g/mol

Yes

1-butanol C4H9OH

74 g/mol

Yes

N-pentane

C5H12

72 g/mol

No

Methanol CH3OH

32 g/mol

Yes

N-hexane

C6H14

86 g/mol

No

Procedure:

Data Tables:

Substance

t1 (oC)

t2 (oC)

\u0394t (t1-t2) (oC)

Ethanol

23.62

12.44

11.18

1-propanol

22.38

13.37

9.01

1-butanol

23.50

21.24

2.26

N-pentane

21.99

10.00

11.99

Methanol

23.22

9.08

14.14

N-hexane

24.27

11.20

13.07

Substance

Predicted \u0394t (oC)

Explanation

1-butanol Lower than propanol

The more hydrogen present and
the higher the molecular weight of
a substance, the higher the
intermolecular forces should be.
Therefore, less butanol than
propanol should evaporate,
thereby decreasing the
temperature less, resulting in a

lower \u0394t.

N-pentaneHigher than butanol

and hexane

Pentane is roughly the same
molecular weight as butanol.
Therefore, the only difference in
their intermolecular forces is due
to hydrogen bonding, and lack
thereof. Since it lacks hydrogen
bonds, pentane should therefore
have weaker intermolecular forces
than butanol, resulting in a higher
\u0394t. Also, hexane also lacks
hydrogen bonding, but has a
higher molecular weight than
pentane, so pentane should have a
higher \u0394t that it as well.

Methanol Higher than ethanol

The less hydrogen present and the
lower the molecular weight of a
substance, the higher the
intermolecular forces should be.
Therefore, more methanol than
ethanol should evaporate, thereby
decreasing the temperature more,
resulting in a higher \u0394t.

N-hexane Lower than propanol

Hexane and propane both lack
hydrogen bonding, but hexane has
a higher molecular weight than
pentane, so it should have a lower
\u0394t that pentane.