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Gio trnh AutoCad

1
1.1

GII THIU AUTOCAD


Gii thiu

AutoCad l phn mm dng to cc bn v k thut trong ngnh c kh, kin trc, xy dng. Cch chy chng trnh: Start / All Programs / Autodesk/ AutoCad 2004/ AutoCad 2004

1.2

Cu trc mn hnh ha

Sau khi chy chng trnh trn mn hnh xut hin ca s AutoCad theo dng sau:

Cross-hair Cursor

UCSIcon Command line Ta ca Cursor Nu di chuyn mouse khng thy thay i th nhn phm F6 Status line

K hiu hai si tc theo phng trc X v trc Y ca cursor. Con tr mouse. Biu tng h trc ta ca ngi s dng. Dng trng thi dng hin th cc trng thi nh SNAP, GRID, ORTHO, tt/m mt trng thi,nhp trc tip vo tn trng thi. Ta ca Cursor : Khi khng thc hin cc lnh, th ta hin ra l ta tuyt i. S u tin l Honh (trc X), s th hai l Tung (trc Y). Command Line : Dng lnh dng hin cc lnh chn hoc cho ngi s dng nhp trc tip bng bn phm. Cross-hair : Cursor : UCS Icon : Status Line : Chnh sa kch thc ca Cross-hair: o Chnh lnh Tools \ Options o Chn th Display o Ti mc Cross hair size, ko r con trt thay i kch thc ca hai si tc 1

Chnh sa kch thc ca Cursor: o Chnh lnh Tools \ Options o Chn th Selection o Ti mc Pickbox Size, ko r con trt thay i kch thc ca cursor. Tt/M UCS Icon: View \ Display \ UCS Icon \ On

1.3

Dng lnh (Command Line):

Trong AutoCad, ngi s dng c hai cch ra lnh: Chn lnh t h thng lnh (menu bar) hoc nhp lnh trc tip trn dng lnh. Ngoi ra, c mt s lnh khi thi hnh, AutoCad cn yu cu nhp thm d liu v ngi s dng s nhp chng trc tip trn dng lnh ny. ra lnh bng cch nhp lnh trc tip, t bn phm nhp ni dung lnh ri ENTER. Ty theo lnh, lnh ny c th c thi hnh ngay hoc ch i ngi s dng nhp thm d liu. kt thc lnh, nhn ENTER hoc SPACEBAR. Ngi s dng cng c th yu cu thi hnh li lnh va dng bng cch nhn ENTER m khng cn nhp li ni dung lnh ny. Th d: xc nh gii hnh ca bn v, c th chn lnh Format \ Drawing Limits hoc nhp trc tip t kha LIMITS vo dng lnh ri Enter. Lc ny trn dng lnh xut hin ln lt cc thng bo yu cu nhp thm ta gc tri di v gc phi trn ca bn v. Nhp d liu c yu cu ri Enter. Lnh c thi hnh.

1.4

Thanh cng c (Toolbar)

C 2 thanh cng c thng dng l Standard v Draw. Cc thanh cng c cn li khi cn dng mi hin ra bng lnh View \ Toolbars.

1.5

Screen menu

Ngoi cch chn lnh t thanh lnh (menu bar), c th chn lnh t Screen menu. hin Screen Menu, thc hin cc thao tc sau: Chn lnh Tools \ Options. Chn th Display. nh du mc Display sreen menu.

Gio trnh AutoCad

2
2.1

THIT LP BN V
Qun l tp tin
To bn v mi
Bc 1: Chnh lnh New o Cch 1: Chnh lnh File \ New o Cch 2: Nhn t hp phm CTRL + N o Cch 3: Chn nt New Bc 2: Trong hp thoi Select Template, thc hin mt trong cc la chn nh sau: o Cch 1: To bn v mi theo mt mu c sn: chn mu c sn t danh sch Template ri chn Open. o Cch 2: To bn v trng khng theo mu c sn bng cch chn t danh sch ca nt Open mt trong hai gi tr sau:

2.1.1

Open with no Template Imperial: m bn v mi c n v kch thc l Inches. Open with no Template Metric: m bn v mi c n v kch thc l Milimeters. o Kch thc bn v theo cc gi tr mc nh ca AutoCad.

2.1.2

Lu bn v

Tp tin bn v c tn m rng l DWG. lu bn v mi, thc hin cc bc sau: Bc 1: Chn ln Save: o Cch 1: Chn lnh File \ Save o Cch 2: Nhn t hp phm CTRL + S o Cch 3: Chn nt Save Bc 2: Trong hp thoi Save As: o Save in: chn ni cha tp tin. o File Name: nhp tn cho tp tin o Nhn phm Enter hoc chn nt Save

2.1.3

M tp tin

Bc 1: Chn ln Open: o Cch 1: Chn lnh File \ Open o Cch 2: Nhn t hp phm CTRL + O o Cch 3: Chn nt Open

Bc 2: Trong hp thoi Open: o Look in: chn ni cha tp tin. o Nhp p vo tp tin mun m.

2.1.4

ng tp tin

Bc 1: Lu bn v Bc 2: Chn lnh File \ Close.

2.2

Cc kh giy dung trong bn v k thut


A0: 810 mm x 1188 mm A1: 594 mm x 840 mm A2: 420 mm x 594 mm A3: 297 mm x 420 mm

A4: 210 mm x 297 mm


2.3 Thit lp bn v
Khi to cc bn v k thut, vic u tin cn lm l chn mt loi bn v ph hp vi cc hnh v cn trnh by trn bn v . Thng thng, bn v k thut c cc kch thc l A0, A1, A2, A3, A4 v c th gia gim cc kch thc ny theo ng qui nh v bn v k thut.

2.3.1

Cc bc c bn

thit lp mt bn v, thc hin cc bc sau: Bc 1: To bn v mi. Bc 2: Xc nh t l v kch thc bn v. Bc 3: Xc nh gii hn cho bn v. Bc 4: Xc nh n v s dng v. Bc 5: Thay i trng thi lm vic cho ph hp: SNAP, GRID,

2.3.2

Lnh MVSETUP:

Lnh MVSETUP dng xc nh t l v kch thc bn v. thc hin, gm cc bc sau: Bc 1: Nhp lnh MVSETUP. Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Enable paper space? [No/Yes] <Y>: Nhp N o Enter units type [Scientific / Decimal / Engineering / Architectural / Metric]: Nhp M o Enter the scale factor: Nhp t l bn v theo ng qui c o Enter the paper width: Nhp chiu rng bn v o Enter the paper height: Nhp chiu cao bn v

2.3.3

nh gii hn bn v:
Menu lnh Format \ Drawing Limits Lnh Limits

Bc 1: Nhp lnh LIMITS Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o ON / OFF / <Lower left corner> <0.0000,0.0000> Nhp ta gc tri di ca bn v, ri Enter.

Gio trnh AutoCad o <Upper right corner> <_.0000,_.0000> Nhp ta gc phi trn ca bn v, ri Enter. o Cc la chn khc: ON : khng cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn. Nu v ra ngoi vng gii hn se c thng bo Outside Limits. OFF : cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn Sau khi nh gii hn cho bn v, thc hin lnh Zoom \ All xem ton b bn v. Trong lc v hnh c th chn cc lnh Zoom \ In phng to hoc Zoom \ Out thu nh bn v theo yu cu. Cng c th dng nt gia ca chut phng to / thu nh bn v.

2.3.4

nh n v bn v:
Menu lnh Format \ Units Lnh UNITS hoc DDUNITS

Bc 1: Nhp lnh UNITS Bc 2: Trong hp thoi, thc hin cc la chn ph hp. ngha ca cc la chn nh sau: Length o Type: Chn loi kch thc o Precision: Qui nh chnh xc (s l) Angle o Type: Chn loi o gc o Precision: Qui nh chnh xc (s l) Units to scale : Chn n v kch thc Direction: Chn hng ng chun xc nh gc.

2.3.5

Cc lnh Snap, Grid

Lnh Snap dng iu khin bc nhy ca con tr khi di chuyn n trong bn v. tt / m ch iu khin, dng phm F9 hoc nhp trc tip k hiu SNAP trn dng trng thi. Lnh Grid dng tt / m li ta trn bn v. thc hin, dng phm F7 hoc nhp trc tip k hiu GRID trn dng trng thi. iu chnh bc nhy ca con tr v ln ca cc mc li ta , thc hin cc bc: Bc 1: Chn lnh Tools \ Drafting Settings, hp thoi xut hin. Bc 2: Trong hp thoi: o Snap X spacing, Snap Y spacing: iu chnh khong cch bc nhy con tr theo chiu ngang (X), dc (Y) o Grid X spacing, Grid Y spacing: iu chnh ln li theo chiu ngang (X), dc (Y) o OK

3
3.1

V HNH
Gii thiu

Cc hnh v trong bn v k thut thng l s kt hp bi nhiu hnh c bn nh ng thng, hnh trn, cung, Cc hnh v thng c kch thc chnh xc. Nh vy, khi v hnh, vic xc nh ta cc im c trng trn hnh v l quan trng.

3.2

Cc phng php nhp ta

Khi v hnh, c th dng thao tc ko r mouse v hnh. Nh do cc hnh v thng c kch thc c th, nn i hi vic v hnh phi chnh xc, nht l cc hnh v ca ngnh c kh. v chnh xc mt hnh, cn xc nh ta cc im c trng ca hnh v. AutoCad cho php ngi s dng nhp cc ta im trong khi v hnh. C cc phng php nhp ta im nh sau:

3.2.1

Ta tuyt i
x,y Trong x l honh v y l tung ca im ang v theo gc ta (0,0)

Nhp ta tuyt i ca im theo dng

3.2.2

Ta cc:
D< Khong cch gia im ang v vi gc ta (0,0) gc nghing ca ng ni (gc ta v im ang v) so vi trc X (tnh theo ngc chiu kim ng h)

Nhp ta cc ca im theo dng D

3.2.3

Ta tng i:

Nhp ta tng i ca im theo dng @x,y x,y l ta tng i ca im ang v so vi im va xc nh ngay trc

3.2.4

Ta cc tng i:
@D< khong cch gia im ang v so vi im va xc nh trc gc nghing gia ng ni 2 im v trc X

Nhp ta cc ca im theo dng D

3.3

V cc hnh c bn
ng thng (Line)
Menu lnh Draw \ Line Lnh LINE Nt

3.3.1

Bc 1: Nhp lnh LINE

Gio trnh AutoCad Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Specify first point nhp ta im u tin, enter o Specify next point or [Undo] nhp ta im k tip, enter o Specify next point or [Undo] o Specify next point or [Close/Undo] Enter kt thc v

* Cc la chn khc Close (nhp C) ni im cui cng vi im u tin. Undo (nhp U) hy b ng va v.

3.3.2

V hnh ch nht
Menu lnh Draw \ Rectangle Lnh RECTANGLE Nt

Bc 1: Nhp lnh RECTANGLE Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Specify first corner point or [Chamfer / Elevent / Fillet / Thickness / Width] nhp ta gc tri di ca hnh ch nht o Specify other corner point or [Dimensions] nhp ta gc phi trn ca hnh ch nht

* CC LA CHN KHC (a) Chamfer: Cho php vt gc 4 nh hnh ch nht. thc hin, gm cc bc sau: Bc 1: Nhp lnh RECTANGLE Bc 2: Xc nh kch thc ng vt gc nh sau: o Specify first corner point or [Chamfer / Elevent / Fillet / Thickness / Width] nhp C o First Chamfer distance for rectangles nhp kch thc theo chiu ngang ca ng vt gc o Last Chamfer distance for rectangles nhp kch thc theo chiu dc ca ng vt gc Bc 3: V hnh ch nht (b) Fillet: Cho php bo trn 4 nh hnh ch nht. thc hin, gm cc bc sau: Bc 1: Nhp lnh RECTANGLE Bc 2: Xc nh bn knh cung trn nh sau: o Specify first corner point or [Chamfer / Elevent / Fillet / Thickness / Width] nhp F o Fillet radius for retangles nhp bn knh cung trn Bc 3: V hnh ch nht (c) Width: Qui nh dy nt v. thc hin, gm cc bc sau: Bc 1: Nhp lnh RECTANGLE Bc 2: Xc nh dy nt v nh sau: 7

o Specify first corner point or [Chamfer / Elevent / Fillet / Thickness / Width] nhp W o Width for retangles nhp dy nt v LU : Cc la chn ny s tr thnh gi tr mc nh, mun xa chng, phi thc hin li la chn v gn gi tr 0 cho chng.

3.3.3

im (Point)
Lnh POINT Nt

Menu lnh Draw \ Point (chn Single Point hoc Multiple Point)

Bc 1: Nhp lnh POINT (v nhiu im) Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Current point modes: PDMODE=35 PDSIZE=5.0000 L thng bo cho bit hnh dng v kch thc ca im o Specify a point nhp ta im cn v hoc nhn phm ESC chm dt v

* nh dng im Bc 1: Chnh lnh Format \ Point Style Bc 2: Trong hp thoi, thc hin cc thay i v kch thc, hnh dng ph hp. * ngha cc mc trong hp Point Style nh sau: Cc hnh: cho chn hnh dng bao quanh im. Point Size: cho thay i kch thc im theo t l so vi mn hnh (Set Size Relative to Screen) hoc theo kch thc tht (Set Size in Absolute Units).

3.4

Cc thao tc cn bn
Chn

3.4.1

Chn mt i tng: chn mt i tng, nhp trc tip trn i tng, i tng chn c nh du bng cc vung xanh. Nu c i tng c chn, khi nhp i tng na, th i tng ny l i tng c chn thm. Chn nhiu i tng: chn nhiu i tng, v mt khung chn hnh bao cc i tng mun chn bng thao tc sau: Nhp vo gc tri trn Khung chn hnh

Hnh ny khng c chn v nm ngoi khung chn

Ri nhp vo gc phi di

b chn cc hnh: nhn phm ESC.

Gio trnh AutoCad

3.4.2

Di chuyn

Bc 1: Chn cc i tng mun di chuyn. Bc 2: Tr mouse vo phn i tng khng c vung ri ko r i tng n v tr mi.

3.4.3

Xa

Bc 1: Chn cc i tng mun xa Bc 2: Nhn phm Delete.

BI TP 1

To bn v mi. Kh giy A4 (ng). T l bn v 1:2 S dng lnh Line v to tng i v cc hnh

BI TP 2
To bn v mi. Kh giy A4 (ng). T l bn v 1:2 S dng lnh Line v to tng i v cc hnh

S dng lnh Line v to cc tng i v cc hnh

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Gio trnh AutoCad

BI TP 3

To bn v mi. Kh giy A4 (ng). T l bn v 1:2 S dng lnh Rectangle

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7
7.1

MT S THAO TC IU KHIN MN HNH


Lnh phng to, thu nh i tng (Zoom)
Menu lnh View \ Zoom Lnh ZOOM Nt

Lnh Zoom gip ngi s dng quan st i tng trn vng v mt cch d dng hn, nhng kch thc ca i tng vn c gi nguyn. S dng nt lnh Bc 1: nhp vo biu tng trn thanh cng c Bc 2: Lc ny con chut s c hnh dng o Gi phm tri chut v ko knh t trn xung: thu nh i tng o Gi phm tri chut v ko knh t di ln: phng to i tng thot khi lnh ny nhn phm Enter hoc phm ESC.

S dng menu lnh hoc nhp lnh Bc 1: nhp lnh Zoom Bc 2: X l cc thng bo Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] <real time>: o Nhp A: Nu mun xem ton b i tng trn mn hnh. o Nhp E: Ton b i tng s c phng to trn khung nhn. o Nhp W: Phng to mt phn hay ton b i tng trong vng chn ( hnh ch nht). Khi ta phi x l mt s thng bo sau: Specify first corner: Nhp vo ta 1 nh ca hnh ch nht (vng chn) Specify opposite corner: Nhp vo ta nh i din vi nh nhp trn. C th s dng nhanh lnh Zoom bng cch s dng bnh xe gia mouse: ln ln l phng to, ln xung l thu nh.

7.2

Di chuyn i tng trong ca s quan st (Pan)


Menu lnh View \ Pan \ Realtime Lnh PAN Nt

Lnh ny gip ngi s dng di chuyn i tng n vng cn quan st. Thc hin cc bc sau: Bc 1: Chn lnh Bc 2: Lc ny con tr chut s c hnh dng . Gi phm tri chut, di chuyn i tng t tri qua phi hay t trn xung di v ngc li. C th s dng nhanh lnh Pan bng cch s dng bnh xe gia mouse: nhn bnh xe xung, ng thi di chuyn chut.

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Gio trnh AutoCad

8
8.1

CC PHNG PHP NHP IM CHNH XC


Cc phng thc chn im chnh xc
Gii thiu 8.1.1

Trong lc v cc i tng, ngi s dng c nhu cu chn im t cc i tng c sn. AutoCad c cc phng thc chn im gi l Object Snap (OSNAP) dng xc nh cc im thuc i tng nh: im cui, im gia, giao im, Phng thc chn im s c dng kt hp vi cc lnh v hnh, nu trong lc v hnh cn xc nh v tr mt im thuc i tng c sn. Trong lc v hnh, nu c s dng phng thc chn im, khi di chuyn mouse n im cn xc nh, mt k hiu (marker) xut hin nh du v tr ny. Khi dng mouse chn v tr im c nh du bng marker, AutoCad s t ng tnh ton ta im ny. Cc phng thc chn im c th chn t Cursor menu bng cch kt hp SHIFT+Nhp phi, hoc chn nt t thanh cng c Object Snap, hay nhp 3 k t u ca phng thc vo dng lnh.

8.1.2

Cc phng thc chn im

CENter Dng chn im tm ca Circle, Arc, Ellipse. chn im, thc hin: Bc 1: Chn phng thc Bc 2: Tr mouse vo i tng hin marker ti tm ri nhp vo chn.

ENDpoint Dng chn im cui ca Line, Spline, Arc, phn on ca Pline, Mline. chn im, thc hin: Bc 1: Chn phng thc Bc 2: Tr mouse vo v tr gn im cui ca i tng hin marker ti im cui, ri nhp vo n chn.

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FROm Dng xc nh mt im bng cch nhp ta tng i ca im ny so vi mt im no (gi l im gc). xc nh im, thc hin cc bc sau: Bc 1: Chn phng thc Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o from Base point: chn im gc o <Offset>: nhp ta tng i (so vi im gc) ca im cn xc nh.

INTersection Dng chn giao im ca 2 i tng. chn im, thc hin: Bc 1: Chn phng thc Bc 2: Tr mose vo v tr giao ca hai i tng hin k hiu marker ti giao im, ri nhp vo chn.

MIDpoint Dng chn im gia ca Line, Spline hoc Arc. chn im, thc hin: Bc 1: Chn phng thc Bc 2: Tr mouse vo i tng hin marker ti im gia ri nhp vo n chn.

NEArest Dng chn im thuc i tng gn con tr mouse nht. chn im, thc hin: Bc 1: Chn phng thc Bc 2: Tr mouse vo gn im mun chn thuc i tng hin marker ti im ny, ri nhp vo n chn

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Gio trnh AutoCad NODe Dng chn tm ca mt im (im c v t lnh Point hoc lnh Divide). chn im, thc hin: Bc 1: Chn phng thc Bc 2: Tr mouse vo im hin marker ti tm ri nhp vo n chn.

PERpendicular Dng chn im vung gc vi i tng. chn im, thc hin: Bc 1: Chn phng thc Bc 2: Tr mouse vo i tng hin marker ti v tr vung gc, ri nhp vo n thc hin.

PARallel Dng xc nh hng v mt on thng song song vi mt on thng c. thc hin, gm cc bc sau: Bc 1: Chn im u tin ca on thng mun v. Bc 2: Chn phng thc Parallel Bc 3: Tr mouse vo on thng s song song vi on thng mun v hin marker. Bc 4: Di chuyn mouse ra khi on thng ny n v tr hnh thnh phng song song vi n v xc nh v tr th hai ca on thng ang v.

QUAdrant Dng chn cc im cung ca Circle, Ellipse hoc Arc. chn im, thc hin: Bc 1: Chn phng thc Bc 2: Tr mouse vo i tng gn v tr ca im cung hin marker ti im ny ri nhp vo n chn.

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TANgent Dng chn im tip xc vi Line, Arc, Ellipse, Circle hoc Spline. chn im, thc hin: Bc 1: Chn phng thc Bc 2: Tr mouse vo i tng hin marker ti im tip xc ri nhp vo n chn.

TRAcking Dng xc nh ta cc tng i ca mt im so vi mt im no (gi l im gc). Gm hai bc: Bc 1: Chn phng thc Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o _tt Specify temporary OTRACK point: chn im gc. o Di chuyn mouse theo phng X hoc Y n khi hin ta cc tng i ca im mun xc nh ri nhp vo v tr ny.

8.2

Cc ch OSNAP, OTRACK
OSNAP

8.2.1

C th gn mt s phng thc chn im mc nh nh sau: Bc 1: Chn lnh Tool \ Drafting Settings Bc 2: Chn th Object Snap Bc 3: nh du cc phng thc mun tr thnh phng thc chn im mc nh. Bc 4: Bt ch OSNAP bng cch chn vo nt OSNAP trn thanh trng thi hoc nhn phm F3.

8.2.2

OTRACK

Ch OTRACK s biu din honh hoc tung tng i cho v tr ca mouse, so vi im c nh du bng cc phng thc chn im mc nh. bt ch OTRACK l On, chn vo OTRACK trn thanh trng thi hoc nhn phm F11.

16

Gio trnh AutoCad

BI TP 4
Giy A4 (ngang). T l 1:2 S dng cc phng thc truy bt im

10 V NG TRN
Menu lnh Draw \ Circle C cc phng php v ng trn nh sau: Lnh CIRCLE Nt

10.1

V theo tm v bn knh (Center Radius):

Bc 1: Nhp lnh CIRCLE Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radidus)]: Nhp ta tm o Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <>: Nhp bn knh hoc ta 1 im trn ng trn

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10.2

V theo tm v ng knh (Center Diameter):

Bc 1: Nhp lnh CIRCLE Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Nhp ta tm o Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <>: Nhp gi tr ng knh

10.3

V theo 2 im (2 Points):

Bc 1: Nhp lnh CIRCLE Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Nhp 2P o First point on diameter: Nhp ta im u ca ng knh o Second point on diameter: Nhp ta im cui ca ng knh

10.4

V theo 3 im (3 Points):

Bc 1: Nhp ln CIRCLE Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Nhp 3P o First point: Nhp ta im th nht o Second point: Nhp ta im th hai o Third point: Nhp ta im th ba

10.5

V ng trn tip xc vi hai i tng (Tan Tan Radius):

ng trn c v tip xc vi 2 i tng c sn. Bc 1: Nhp lnh CIRCLE Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Nhp T o Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: Chn i tng tip xc th nht o Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: Chn i tng tip xc th hai. o Specify radius of circle <>: Nhp gi tr bn knh ca ng trn mun v.

18

Gio trnh AutoCad

10.6

V ng trn tip xc 3 i tng (Tan Tan Tan)

ng trn c v tip xc vi 3 i tng c sn Bc 1: Chn lnh Draw \ Circle \ Tan Tan Tan Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: _3p Specify first point on circle: _tan to Chn i tng tip xc th nht o Specify second point on circle: _tan to Chn i tng tip xc th hai o Specify third point on circle: _tan to Chn i tng tip xc th ba

11 BI TP 5
Giy A4 (ngang). T l 1:2

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12 GHI KCH THC


12.1 Ghi kch thc
12.1.1 Cc lnh ghi kch thc
Cc lnh ghi kch thc c trong mc Dimension ca thanh lnh hoc dng cc nt trn thanh cng c Dimension:

ngha ca cc lnh ghi kch thc nh sau: Quick Dimension Ghi kch thc nhanh Linear Kch thc ng thng Aligned Kch thc nghing Ordinate Ta 1 im Radius Bn knh Diameter ng knh Angular Baseline Continue Leader Center Mark S o gc Chui kch thc song song Chui kch thc lin tc Ghi ch nh du tm

12.1.2 Cch ghi kch thc


Ghi kch thc on thng Menu lnh Dimension \ Linear Lnh DIMLINEAR Nt

Bc 1: Chn lnh ghi kch thc Bc 2: Dng mouse chn vo 2 u on thng cn ghi kch thc ri ko ra, kch thc s xut hin. C th dng kt hp vi cc phng php chn im ph hp.

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Gio trnh AutoCad Ghi kch thc on nghing Menu lnh Dimension \ Aligned Lnh DIMALIGNED Nt

Bc 1: Chn lnh ghi kch thc Bc 2: Dng mouse chn vo 2 u on thng cn ghi kch thc ri ko ra, kch thc s xut hin. C th dng kt hp vi cc phng php chn im ph hp.

Ghi kch thc Bn knh cho ng trn hoc cung trn Menu lnh Dimension \ Radius Lnh DIMRADIUS Nt

Bc 1: Chn lnh ghi kch thc Bc 2: Tr mouse vo ng trn hoc cung trn hin tm v ko ra, kch thc s xut hin.

Ghi kch thc ng knh cho ng trn hoc cung trn Menu lnh Dimension \ Diameter Lnh DIMDIAMETER Nt

Bc 1: Chn lnh ghi kch thc Bc 2: Tr mouse vo ng trn hoc cung trn hin tm v ko ra, kch thc s xut hin.

21

nh du tm Menu lnh Dimension \ Center Mark Lnh DIMCENTER Nt

Bc 1: Chn lnh nh du tm Bc 2: Nhp vo ng trn hoc cung trn cn nh du tm, du tm s xut hin ti tm ca n.

Ghi s o gc Menu lnh Dimension \ Angular Lnh DIMANGULAR Nt

Bc 1: Chn lnh ghi s o gc Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>: Nhp vo cnh th nht o Select second line: Nhp vo cnh th hai Bc 3: Di chuyn mouse ra, kch thc s xut hin

Ghi chui kch thc song song

Menu lnh Lnh Nt Dimension \ Baseline DIMBASELINE Bc 1: Ghi kch thc cho on AB bng cc lnh ghi kch thc gii thiu. C th kt hp vi cc phng thc bt im ph hp.

22

Gio trnh AutoCad

Bc 2: Chn lnh ghi chui kch thc song song Baseline Bc 3: X l cc thng bo o Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <select>: Nhp vo ta im C, c th s dng cc phng thc bt im ph hp o Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <select>: Nhp vo ta im D, c th s dng cc phng thc bt im ph hp o Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <select>: Nhp vo ta im E, c th s dng cc phng thc bt im ph hp o Kt thc, nhn phm ESC.

Ghi chui kch thc lin tc

Menu lnh Lnh Nt Dimension \ Continue DIMCONTINUE Bc 1: Ghi kch thc cho on AB bng cc lnh ghi kch thc gii thiu. C th kt hp vi cc phng thc bt im ph hp.

Bc 2: Chn lnh ghi chui kch thc lin tc Continue Bc 3: X l cc thng bo o Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <select>: Nhp vo ta im C, c th s dng cc phng thc bt im ph hp o Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <select>: Nhp vo ta im D, c th s dng cc phng thc bt im ph hp o Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <select>: Nhp vo ta im E, c th s dng cc phng thc bt im ph hp o Kt thc, nhn phm ESC.

Ghi ch Bc 1: Chn lnh ghi ch Bc 2: X l cc thng bo sau: o Specify next point: xc nh ng dn ca ghi ch nh sau: Chn vo i tng cn ghi ch (c th kt hp vi phng thc chn im) ri ko ra xc nh chiu di ng dn xin ca ghi ch, nhp. Ko di xc nh ng dn ngang, nhp. o Specify text width <0>: ko mouse xc nh chiu di ca ghi ch o Enter first line of annotation text <Mtext>: nhp ni dung dng ghi ch th nht ri enter o Enter next line of annotation text: nhp ni dung dng ghi ch k tip hoc enter chm dt ghi ch

23

12.2

Chnh sa ghi kch thc


Bc 1: Chn phn ghi kch thc cn chnh sa Bc 2: M bng Properties Bc 3: Thc hin cc chnh sa ph hp

12.2.1 Chnh sa trc tip

12.2.2 Chnh sa cc gi tr mc nh
Bc 1: Chnh lnh Format \ Dimension Style Bc 2: Trong hp thoi, chn nt Modify Bc 3: Thc hin nhng chnh sa ph hp Bc 4: Chn nt Set Current ri ng hp thoi. Cc chnh sa ny tc ng ln tt c cc phn ghi kch thc trong bn v

12.3

Mt s chnh sa thng dng

12.3.1 Th Lines and Arrows


Chnh sa cc ng ngang, ng ging kch thc v mi tn. Gm cc mc sau: Dimension: Thay i ng ngang Color Mu Lineweight dy ca cc ng Extend beyond ticks Phn d ra ca ng ngang khi chn kiu ng ngang l Architectural tick. Base spacing Khong cch gia hai ng ngang khi dng ch ghi kch thc song song Extension Lines: Thay i ng ging kch thc Color, Lineweight Tng t nh trn Extend beyond dim lines Khong cch t ng ngang n u d ca ng ging Offset from origin Khong cch t i tng n u ng ging Arrowheads: Thay i mi tn 1st, 2nd, Leader Chn kiu mi tn / khng mi tn Arrow size Kch thc mi tn Center Mark: K hiu tm (ng trn, cung) Type Chn kiu nh du tm Size Kch thc ca k hiu tm ny

12.3.2 Th Text
Chnh sa hnh dng ca gi tr kch thc. Gm cc mc sau: Text Appearance: Thay i kiu ch Text style Kiu ch Text color Mu Text Heigh C ch Text Placement: Thay i v tr Vertical Theo chiu dc Horizontal Theo chiu ngang Offset from dim line Khong cch t kch thc n ng ngang Text Alignment: Chn kiu biu din chung cho gi tr kch thc 24

Gio trnh AutoCad

13 CUNG TRN (Arc)


Menu lnh Draw \ Arc Lnh ARC Nt

13.1

V cung trn i qua 3 im (3 Points)

Bc 1: Chn lnh Draw \ Arc \ 3Points Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp ta im th nht o Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: Nhp ta im th hai o Specify end point of arc: Nhp ta im th ba

13.2

im u, Tm, im cui (Start, Center, End)

Bc 1: Chn lnh Draw \ Arc \ Start, Center, End Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp ta im u o Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: Specify center point of arc: Nhp ta tm o Specify end point of arc or [Angle/Chord Length]: Nhp ta im cui Cung trn c v theo chiu: Ngc chiu kim ng h

13.3

im u, Tm, Gc tm (Start, Center, Angle)

Bc 1: Chn lnh Draw \ Arc \ Start, Center, Angle Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp ta im u o Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: Specify center point of arc: Nhp ta tm o Specify end point of arc or [Angle/Chord Length]: Specify included angle Nhp s o gc tm 25

Cung trn c v theo: Chiu kim ng h: khi nhp gi tr gc l s m Ngc chiu kim ng h: khi nhp gi tr gc l s dng

13.4

im u, Tm, Chiu di dy cung (Start, Center, Length of Chord):


Bc 1: Chn lnh Draw \ Arc \ Start, Center, Length Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp ta im u o Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: Specify center point of arc: Nhp ta tm o Specify end point of arc or [Angle/Chord Length]: Specify length of chord: Nhp chiu di dy cung Cung trn c v theo chiu: Ngc chiu kim ng h

13.5

im u, im cui, Bn knh (Start, End, Radius)


Bc 1: Chn lnh Draw \ Arc \ Start, End, Radius Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp ta im u o Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: _e Specify end point of arc: Nhp ta im cui o Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: _r Specify radius of arc: Nhp bn knh

26

Gio trnh AutoCad

13.6

im u, im cui, Gc tm (Start, End, Include Angle)

Bc 1: Chn lnh Draw \ Arc \ Start, End, Angle Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp ta im u o Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: _e Specify end point of arc: Nhp ta im cui o Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: _a Specify included angle: Nhp s o gc tm Cung trn c v theo: Chiu kim ng h: khi nhp gi tr gc l s m Ngc chiu kim ng h: khi nhp gi tr gc l s dng

13.7

im u, im cui, Hng chuyn tip ca cung ti im bt u (Start, End, Direction)

Bc 1: Chn lnh Draw \ Arc \ Start, End, Direction Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp ta im u o Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: _e Specify end point of arc: Nhp ta im cui o Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: _d Specify tangent direction for the start point of arc: Dng mouse chn hng tip tuyn ti im u

27

14 A TUYN (Polyline)
Menu lnh Draw \ Polyline L s kt hp gia Line v Arc Lnh PLINE Nt

14.1

Ch v on thng

Bc 1: Nhp lnh PLINE Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Specify start point: Nhp ta im u tin o Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Nhp ta im k tip

14.2

ngha ca cc la chn nh sau

Close ng Pline bng mt on thng Halfwidth nh na dy on sp v Specify staring half-width <>: Nhp gi tr na u dy Specify ending half-width <>: Nhp gi tr na cui dy Width nh dy on sp v, tng t Halfwidth Length V tip mt on c phng, chiu nh on va v trc . Nu on trc l cung trn, th n s tip xc vi cung trn ny. Undo Hy b on va v
Starting half-width Ending half-width Starting half-width Ending half-width

Starting width

Ending width

Starting width

Ending width

28

Gio trnh AutoCad

14.3

Ch v cung trn

Bc 1: Nhp lnh PLINE Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Specify start point: Nhp ta im u tin o Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Nhp A ( chuyn qua ch v cung trn) o Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/Center/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pht trin/Undo/Width]: Chn mt hnh thc v cung trn ph hp vi ngha cc la chn nh sau: Angle: tng t lnh ARC, khi nhp A ta s c dng nhc: Specify included angle: Nhp gi tr gc tm Specify endpoint of arc or [Center/Radius]: Nhp im cui, tm hoc bn knh Center: tng t lnh ARC, khi nhp CE s c dng nhc: Specify center point of arc: Nhp ta tm Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/Length]: Nhp im cui, gc hoc chiu di dy cung Radius: Xc nh bn knh cong ca cung, nhp R s xut hin thng bo Specify radius of arc: Nhp gi tr bn knh Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle]: Nhp im cui hoc gc Second pt: nhp ta im th hai v im cui c th xc nh cung trn i qua 3 im. Khi nhp S, s c thng bo: Specify second point on arc: Nhp im th hai Specify end point of arc: Nhp im cui Line: tr v ch v on thng

15 A GI U (Polygon)
Menu lnh Draw \ Polygon Lnh POLYGON Nt

15.1

a gic ngoi tip ng trn


Bc 1: Nhp lnh POLYGON Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Enter number of sides <>: Nhp s cnh ca a gic o Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp ta tm ca a gic o Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: Nhp C o Specify radius of circle: Nhp bn knh ng trn ni tip hoc ta im gia ca 1 cnh 29

15.2

a gic ni tip ng trn


Bc 1: Nhp lnh POLYGON Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Enter number of sides <>: Nhp s cnh ca a gic o Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp ta tm ca a gic o Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: Nhp I o Specify radius of circle: Nhp bn knh ng trn ngoi tip

15.3

Nhp ta mt cnh ca a gic


Bc 1: Nhp lnh POLYGON Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Enter number of sides <>: Nhp s cnh ca a gic o Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp E o Specify first endpoint of edge: Chn hoc nhp ta im u ca mt cnh. o Specify second endpoint of edge: Chn hoc nhp ta im cui ca cnh ny.

16 BI TP 6

30

Gio trnh AutoCad

17 CHNH SA HNH V
Cc lnh chnh sa hnh v c trong Modify ca thanh lnh (menu bar) hoc c trn thanh cng c Modify

17.1

Di i tng (Move)
Menu lnh Modify \ Move Lnh MOVE Nt

C th di cc i tng n mt v tr chnh xc bng lnh Move. thc hin, dng cc bc sau: Bc 1: Chnh lnh Modify \ Move hoc ra lnh Move Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select Objects: Chn i tng cn di chuyn. kt thc nhn Enter o Specify base point or displacement: chn mt im trn cc i tng lm im chun o Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: chn im xc nh v tr m cc i tng di n

31

17.2

Sao chp (Copy)


Menu lnh Modify \ Copy Lnh COPY Nt

Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i tng c chn v t bn sao ca chng ti nhng v tr xc nh. thc hin, dng cc bc sau: Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Copy hoc nhp lnh Copy Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select objects: Chn i tng mun sao chp o Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: Chn im chun o Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Chn im xc nh v tr t bn sao. o La chn Multiple cho sao chp i tng nhiu ln.

17.3

Xn mt phn i tng

C 2 lnh xn mt phn i tng l TRIM v BREAK

17.3.1 Lnh TRIM


Menu lnh Modify \ Trim Lnh TRIM Nt

Lnh TRIM dng xn phn i tng gii hn bi hai im giao (vi i tng khc) hoc on cui ca i tng k t im giao. Gm cc bc: Bc 1: Chnh lnh Modify \ Trim hoc nhp lnh Trim Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select Objects: Chn i tng c phn mun xa v chn cc i tng giao vi n. kt thc, nhn Enter. o Select object to trim of shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn cc phn i tng mun xa. kt thc, nhn Enter.

Phn s b ct Ngoi l: C th xa phn i tng gii hn bi im giao vi i tng ko di s giao vi n. Gm cc bc sau: Bc 1: Chnh lnh Modify \ Trim hoc nhp lnh Trim Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select Objects: Chn i tng c phn mun xa v chn cc i tng giao vi n. kt thc, nhn Enter. o Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Nhp E 32

Gio trnh AutoCad o Enter an implied edge extension mode [Extend/No extend] <Extend>: Nhp E o Select object to trim of shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn cc phn i tng mun xa. kt thc, nhn Enter o La chn Project dng xn phn i tng ba chiu) Phn ni di ca on thng

Phn s b ct

17.3.2 Lnh BREAK


Menu lnh Modify \ Break Lnh BREAK Nt

Lnh BREAK dng xn phn i tng gii hn bi hai im xc nh. Gm cc bc: Bc 1: Chnh lnh Modify \ Break hoc nhp lnh Break Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o _break Select object: Chn i tng cn xn mt phn. im chn trn i tng l v tr bt u xn. o Specify second break point or [First point]: Chn im cui xc nh v tr kt thc xn. im ny c th khng nm trn i tng.

Ngoi l: C th tch mt i tng thnh 2 i tng. Gm cc bc: Bc 1: Chnh lnh Modify \ Break hoc nhp lnh Break Bc 2: Chn i tng cn tch Bc 3: X l cc thng bo o Specify second break point or [First point]: Nhp F o Specify first break point: Chn v tr tch i tng o Specify second break point: Nhp @

33

17.4

Ko di i tng (Extend)

Menu lnh Lnh Nt Modify \ Extend EXTEND C th ko di cc i tng n giao vi mt i tng khc (gi l ng bin) bng lnh EXTEND. Gm cc bc: Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Extend hoc nhp lnh Extend Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select objects: Chn i tng l ng bin (hnh 1). kt thc chn, nhn Enter o Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn i tng cn ko di (hnh 2, hnh 3, hnh 4). kt thc chn, nhn Enter o La chn Edge cho ko di i tng giao vi bin ko di.

17.5

Thay i kch thc theo t l (Scale)


Menu lnh Modify \ Scale Lnh SCALE Nt

Lnh Scale dng tng, gim kch thc i tng theo mt t l nht nh. Gm cc bc sau: Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Scale hoc nhp lnh Scale Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select Objects: Chn cc i tng cn thay i kch thc theo t l. kt thc chn, nhn phm Enter. o Base Point: Chn im chun l im ng yn khi thay i kch thc i tng o <Scale factor>/Reference: Nhp h s t l Ngoi l: C th xc nh t l theo chiu di bng la chn Reference. Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Scale hoc nhp lnh Scale Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select Objects: Chn cc i tng cn thay i kch thc theo t l. kt thc chn, nhn phm Enter. o Base Point: Chn im chun l im ng yn khi thay i kch thc i tng o <Scale factor>/Reference: Nhp R o Specify Reference length <>: Nhp vo chiu di ban u, c th chn im xc nh chiu di ny 34

Gio trnh AutoCad o New length: Nhp vo chiu di mi, hoc chn im xc nh chiu di ny

17.6

Thay i chiu di (Lengthen)


Menu lnh Modify \ Lengthen Lnh LENGTHEN

Lnh Lengthen dng thay i chiu di on thng hoc cung trn. Lnh c mt s la chn nh sau: DElta: thay i chiu di i tng bng cch a vo khong tng. Khi chn DE, s c thng bo ph. o Angle/<Enter delta length>: Nhp khong tng/ gim hoc nhp A nu mun nhp khong tng/ gim l s o gc.

Percent: cho php thay i chiu di i tng theo phn trm so vi chiu di hin hnh. Khi chn s c thng bo ph o Enter percent length<>: nhp gi tr phn trm Total: Thay i tng chiu di hoc gc m cung theo gi tr mi a vo

Dynamic: thay i ng chiu di ca i tng.

thay i chiu di, gm cc bc sau: Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Lengthen hoc nhp lnh Lengthen Bc 2: Chn cch thay i chiu di Bc 3: X l thng bo 35

o Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn vo u i tng mun tng/ gim chiu di. kt thc nhn Enter.

17.7

To cc i tng song song (Offset)


Menu lnh Modify \ Offset Lnh OFFSET Nt

Lnh Offset to cc i tng mi song song theo hng vung gc vi cc i tng chn. C th to i tng song song cho cc i tng line, circle, arc, pline, spline, C hai la chn khi to i tng song song: Cc i tng song song cch cc i tng c chn 1 khong cch (Offset distance) Cc i tng song song s i qua mt im (Through point)

17.7.1 La chn Offset distance

Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Offset hoc nhp lnh Offset Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Specify offset distance or [Through]: Nhp khong cch o Select object to offset or <exit>: Chn i tng to i tng song song o Specify point on side to offset: Nhp vo pha mun t i tng song song o Select object to offset or <exit> Chn i tng khc, hoc Enter kt thc

17.7.2 La chn Through point

Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Offset hoc nhp lnh Offset Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Specify offset distance or [Through]: Nhp T o Select object to offset or <exit>: Chn i tng to i tng song song o Specify through point: Xc nh im m i tng mi to s i ngang o Select object to offset or <exit> Chn i tng khc, hoc Enter kt thc

17.8

i xng qua trc (Mirror)


Menu lnh Modify \ Mirror Lnh MIRROR Nt

36

Gio trnh AutoCad

Trc khi Mirror Sau khi Mirror Lnh Mirror dng to i tng mi i xng vi i tng chn qua mt trc. Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Mirror hoc nhp lnh Mirror Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select objects: Chn i tng mun to bn i xng. chm dt chn, nhn Enter. o Specify first point of mirror line: Chn im u tin xc nh trc i xng o Specify second point of mirror line: Chn im thc hai xc nh trc i xng o Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: Nhp Y: nu mun xa i tng chn Nhp N (mc nh): nu khng mun xa i tng chn

17.9

Quay i tng (Rotate)


Menu lnh Modify \ Rotate Lnh ROTATE Nt

Lnh Rotate quay i tng chung quan mt im chun (Base point). Gm cc bc Bc 1: Chnh lnh Modify \ Rotate hoc nhp lnh Rotate Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn quay. Kt thc chn, nhn Enter o Specify base point: Chn tm quay o Rotation angle/Reference: Nhp gc quay

Hnh ban u

Hnh sau khi Roate

Ngoi l: C th xc nh phng gc quay bng la chn Reference Bc 1: Chnh lnh Modify \ Rotate hoc nhp lnh Rotate Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn quay. Kt thc chn, nhn Enter o Specify base point: Chn tm quay o Rotation angle/Reference: Nhp R 37

o Reference angle <>: Chn im u xc nh phng gc quay o Second point: Chn im th hai ca phng ny o New angle: Chn im cui hoc nhp s o gc quay

Hnh ban u

Hnh sau khi Rotate

17.10 Di v ko dn i tng (Stretch)


Menu lnh Modify \ Stretch Lnh STRETCH Nt

Lnh dng di v ko dn cc i tng, khi ko dn vn duy tr s dnh ni cc i tng. Khi chn cc i tng thc hin lnh Stretch, dng phng php chn Crossing polygon, nhng i tng no giao vi ca s chn s c ko dn, nhng i tng no nm trong ca s s c di i. Gm cc bc:

Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Stretch hoc nhp lnh Stretch Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon: Chn i tng cn stretch theo phng thc crossing polygon o Select objects: Nhn Enter kt thc chn o Specify base point or displacement: Chn mt im trn cc i tng lm im chun o Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Chn im xc nh v tr m cc i tng di n

Hnh ban u

Chn i tng cn stretch

Hnh sau khi stretch

38

Gio trnh AutoCad Phng php chn Crossing polygon: Trn Screen menu, chn ASSIST hin cc lnh thuc menu ny ri chn Cpolygon hoc Wpolygon. Sau dng mouse chn i tng, kt thc chn nhn Enter. Lu : Tt c nhng i tng nm trong vng chn Crossing polygon th c di chuyn, cn cc i tng giao vi vng chn th cc i tng s c ko gin.

17.11 V ni tip hai i tng bng cung trn (Fillet)


Menu lnh Modify \ Fillet Lnh FILLET Nt

Lnh Fillet dng ni hai i tng bng mt cung trn. Gm cc bc: Bc 1: Chnh lnh Modify \ Fillet hoc nhp lnh Fillet Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select first object of [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: Nhp R o Specify fillet radius <.>: Nhp bn knh ca cung trn dng ni hai i tng. ( ko di v ni hai i tng hoc xn phn tha ca hai i tng giao nhau, nhp bn knh l 0) o Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: Chn i tng th nht o Select second object: Chn i tng th hai

Hnh ban u

Sau khi Fillet

Cc la chn khc: Polyline: dng bo trn tt c cc nh ca i tng a tuyn. X l cc thng bo nh sau: o Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: Nhp P o Select 2D polyline: Chn i tng a tuyn cn bo trn cc nh Trim / No Trim: Trim l la chn mc nh, ngha l sau khi ni cc i tng th t ng xn cc phn d tha ti ch ni. No Trim khng xa ch d tha. mUltiple: Cho php chn fillet nhiu i tng. Thng bo Select first object of [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple] xut hin nhiu ln ta chn cc i tng cn fillet. kt thc chn, nhn Enter.

17.12 Vt gc (Chamfer)
Menu lnh Modify \ Chamfer Lnh CHAMFER Nt

39

Lnh Chamfer dng vt gc ti ch giao ca hai ng thng hoc cc nh ca i tng. C hai cch xc nh ng vt gc. C th xc nh trc cc gi tr cn thit cho c hai cch. Sau mi ln v ng vt gc, s dng la chn Method chn cch vt gc. Cch 1: Theo khong cch t im giao n im vt gc trn mi i tng (Distance). Gm cc bc Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Chamfer hoc nhp lnh Chamfer Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: Nhp D o Specify first chamfer distance <.>: Nhp khong cch trn i tng th nht o Specify second chamfer distance <.>: Nhp khong cch trn i tng th hai

Cch 2: Theo khong cch t im giao n im vt gc trn i tng th nht v gc nghing ca ng vt so vi i tng th nht (Angle). Gm cc bc: Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Chamfer hoc nhp lnh Chamfer Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: Nhp A o Specify chamfer length on the first line <.>: Nhp khong cch trn i tng th nht o Specify chamfer angle from the first line <.>: Nhp s o gc nghing

Cc la chn khc: Method: dng chn cch vt gc l Distance hay Angle. X l cc thng bo nh sau: o Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: Nhp M o Enter trim method [Distance/Angle] <Distance>: Nhp D hoc A chn cch vt gc Cc la chn khc: ngha tng t lnh Fillet.

40

Gio trnh AutoCad

17.13 Sao chp dy (Array)


Menu lnh Modify \ Array Lnh ARRAY Nt

Lnh Array dng sao chp cc i tng chn thnh dy hnh ch nht (Rectangular array) hoc sp xp chng quanh tm (Polar array)

17.13.1

Rectangular Array

Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Array hoc nhp lnh Array Bc 2: Trong hp thoi thc hin cc la chn sau: o Chn Rectangular Array o Nhp nt Select Objects, ri chn i tng mun sao chp, chm dt chn nhn Enter. o Xc nh s hng Row, v s ct Column ca dy. o Xc nh khong cch gia cc i tng trong dy theo hng Row offset ,

theo ct Column offset , hoc theo o Xc nh gc lch gia i tng i tng chn v dy (nu c) mc Angle

41

17.13.2

Polar Array

Bc 1: Chn lnh Modify \ Array hoc nhp lnh Array Bc 2: Trong hp thoi thc hin cc la chn sau: o Chn Polar Array o Nhp nt Select Objects, ri chn i tng mun sao chp, chm dt chn nhn Enter. o Xc nh tm ca dy Center point o Xc nh tng s i tng trong dy (k c bn gc) Total number of items o Chn phng thc xc nh khong cch gia cc i tng Method Total number of items & Angle to fill: Theo tng s i tng v gc ca dy Total number of items & Angle between items: Theo tng s i tng v gc gia cc i tng. Angle to fill & Angle to between items: Theo gc ca dy v gc gia cc i tng o Xc nh gc Angle to fill, Angle between items tng ng vi phng thc chn. o Chn Rotate item as copied nu mun xoay cc i tng trong dy theo cung ca dy.

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