UGS303ExamIFall2009 Thisexamendsat11:50am.Thereisnotalkingoruseofanynotesorotherresources. 1.Platetectonicsis a.ahypothesisthatproposeshowtheEarthworkstodaybuthasnobearingonhowtheEarthhas workedinthepast b.atheorythataccountsformanyphenomenaobservedonEarth c.speculationthatconstitutesaformofpseudoscience d.atheorythatvalidatesideasfromAlfredWegenerandArthurHolmesfromtheearly20thcenturythat werenotwidelyacceptedduringthetimethesemenlived e.banddonly 2.ChangesintheanglethatincidentradiationfromthesunstrikestheEarthcauses a.theradiationtobefocusedoversmallerareasatlowlatitudes b.theradiationtobespreadoutoverlargerareasathighlatitudes c.hurricanestobepreferentiallygeneratedinthenorthAtlanticOcean d.

d.noneoftheabove e.aandbonly 3.Sedimentaryrockscanbemade a.byerosionofmetamorphicrocks b.byerosionofintrusiveigneousrocks c.byerosionofextrusiveingeousrocks d.byerosionofsedimentaryrocks e.alloftheabove 4.Carbonistransportedfromtheearthsinteriortotheatmosphere a.byvolcanoesspewinggasesthatincludecarbondioxide b.inreversesubductionzonesthatbringmarineorganismsupoutofearthsmantlewhensubducting platesreversedirection c.byhumanactivitythatextractsfossilfuelsfromsedimentaryrockreservoirsandcombuststhefuelsto formcarbondioxideandotherbyproducts d.alloftheabove e.aandconly 5.Thearticle,Provingtheexistenceofelementaloxygeninaliquidnutritionalproduct(VitaminO) throughbloodgasanalysesoftherapy/placebosupplementedHutterites,byDr.JohnHeinerman a.presentsdataonbloodgaslevelsinhumansubjectsthathavetakenVitaminO b.ispublishedinapeerreviewedscientificjournal c.isanexcellentexampleoftheScientificMethod d.alloftheabove e.aandbonly

6.Factorsthatcontributretohurricanedevelopmentinclude a.highseasurfacetemperature b.increaseindepthofwarmsurfaceoceanwater c.thelatentheatthatisstoredinwatervapor d.alloftheabove 7.AccordingtostudentsofUGS303,thegenerationthatgrewupinthe1960scomparestothe generationoftodayinthat a.thereweremorecivilproteststhatoccurredinthestreetsinthe1960s,whereastheprotest methodofchoicetodayisviatheInternet,andthatamajorityoftheyouthofAmericaaresimply unawareofthecurrenttopicsunliketheyouthofthe60'swhoprotestedforthatwhichthey believedin. b.inthe1960s,civilrights,womensrights,andthewarinVietnamwereissuesthatgotpeople impassionedtoprotest,whereastodaysgenerationalsolivesintheshadowofanunpopularwar butwithoutadrafttheissueismademoredistantformany,andwhiletheInternetenlargesour socialnetworks,itsimpersonalnaturebringslesspassiontotheissues. c.todaysgenerationiscompletelymaterialistic.Itisduetoalargeparttothemediathat constantlybombardsuswiththelivesofcelebrities,yetourdesiretoimproveourlivesandown thebestofeverythingisnotasignthatweareanymoregreedythanpastgenerations d.alloftheabove ThefollowingthreequestionsrefertothesectionbelowfromanarticleintheN.Y.TimesSept16,2009: TheNationalClimaticDataCenter(NCDC)hasreleaseditsreviewofworldwideseasurface temperaturesforAugust2009andforthestretchfromJunethroughAugustandfindsthatboththe monthandthesummer(aslookedatfromtheNorthernHemisphere)werethewarmestatleastsince 1880,whensuchrecordswerefirstsystematicallycompiled. 8.Thesenewdata a.aretobeexpected,becauseeverynewyearsince1880hassetarecordforhighestseasurface temperaturecomparedtoallyearsbefore b.arecauseforconcern,giventheimportantrolethatseasurfacetemperatureapparentlyplaysin hurricaneintensity c.wouldleadustoinferthatincreasedmeltingofseaiceoccurredthissummer,whichwillleadtoless reflectionofincomingsolarradiation,andmorewarmingoftheatmosphere,whichwouldbeapositive feedbackintheclimatesystem d.bandconly

9.Suchrecordswerenotsystematicallycompiledbefore1880,soinordertoreconstructchangesinsea surfacetemperaturesthatoccurredbefore1880, a.wewouldneedtostudyageologicalrecordofpastclimatechangethatformedneartheoceans surface b.wewouldneedtostudyageologicalrecordofpastclimatechangesuchasthechemicalcomposition ofcorals c.wewouldneedtohaveJohnEdwardconnectwithpeoplewholivedneartheoceanpriorto1880and havepassed d.aandbonly 10.TheNCDCresultsweresoondenouncedasahoaxbyagroupofcitizenswhobelievethattheirown seasurfacetemperaturedata,collectedbytheirnewtechniqueofusingtheirbrainwaves,arebetter data. a.ThisisanexampleoftheTragedyoftheCommons b.ThisisanexampleoftheScientificMethod c.Thisisanexampleofpseudoscience d.ThisisanexampleoftheCorioliseffect e.Noneoftheabove

Thefollowingsixquestionsrefertothediagrambelow.ThefourregionsdesignatedADreferto locationsonthesurfaceoftheEarth.

11.Whichregionhasthemoistestair? A B C D 12.Whichregionwouldyoutraveltoinordertofindawarmdesert? A B C D 13.Whichregionhasthecombinationofhighpressureandlowairtemperature? A B C D 14.Whichregionhasthelowestpressure? A B C D 15.Whichregionhasthestrongestwinds? A B C D 16.WhichregionleftexplorersoftheNewWorldintheDoldrums? a.A b.B c.C d.D

17.Hurricanesposewhichofthefollowingthreatstocoastalcities? a.stormsurgesduetoverylowatmosphericpressureandhighwinds b.highwinds c.intenserain d.alloftheabove e.noneoftheabove Forthefollowing6questions,select(A)forobservationand(B)forinference 18.Increasingintensityofhurricanesoverthepastthreedecades 19.Increasingglobaltemperaturesprojectedtooccurfrom2010to2100 20.Humanactivitywillcausemoreintensehurricanesfrom20102020 21.IncreasingatmosphericCO2concentrationsoverthepast30years. 22.Carbondioxideisagreenhousegas 23.Oxygenisgoodforyou,andVitaminOcontainsoxygen 24.Amongthebasicprinciplesthatgovernatmosphericcirculationare a.windsaredeflectedbytherotationoftheEarth b.SunsrayshittheEarthmoredirectlyatlowlatitude c.hotairrises d.alloftheabove e.noneoftheabove 25.ThehistoryofEasterIslandscivilizationhasbeenreconstructedby a.interviewswiththenativesofEasterIslandtogatheroralhistories b.lakesedimentrecords c.middens,orwastepiles,oftheislandersmeals d.alloftheabove e.bandconly 26.WhichofthefollowingsupporttheanalogyEasterIslandEarthIsland? a.bothislandswere/areaffectedbytheTragedyoftheCommons b.bothislandscould/cannotlooktorelocatetheirsocietytoanotherisland/planetwhenresources ran/runout. c.bothislandshaveafinitecarryingcapacity d.alloftheabove e.noneoftheabove

27.SignificantdifferencesbetweenwhattheEasterIslandersfacedandwhatourmodernglobalsociety facesregardingsustainabilityinclude a.EasterIslandersactionswerenotdrivenbyanawarenessoftheislandscarryingcapacity b.EasterIslandersdidnothavethelessonsofhistorytodrawfrom c.EasterIslandssocietyhadmanypeoplewhomadeindividualdecisionsthatweregoodforthembut notnecessarilygoodforthesustainabilityoftheirsociety d.alloftheabove e.aandbonly 28.ItgetscoldinthewinterinAustinbecause a.theEarthsaxisofrotationchangesitsamountoftilt b.atmosphericCO2decreasesinthenorthernhemisphere c.theEarthSundistanceincreases d.theEarthsaxisofrotationistilted e.noneoftheabove 29.Ithasbeenfoundthatasdevelopingcountriesbecomemoremodernized,thereareseveral phenomenathatoccurduringthesametimeperiod,suchasimprovementofmedicalcareandthe establishmentofAmericanfastfoodfranchises.IfMcDonaldsweretoknowinglyusethecoincidenceof theincreaseinlifeexpectancyinacountryadecadeafterMcDonaldsopensrestaurantsthereto advertisethatfromthisyoucandeducethatMcDonaldsfoodleadstobetterhealth,thenMcDonalds wouldbeguiltyof a.pseudoscience b.agoodbusinessplan c.junkscience d.alloftheabove 30.AHollywoodproducerwantstomakeamovieinvolvingtraveltoandexplorationofplanetsin distantgalaxies.TheactorsignedtoplaytheleadroleofCaptainJamesT.Kirkhasanumberofdemands inhiscontract,includingthatthemovieshouldbeasscientificallyaccurateaspossible,andthatoneof theplanetsexplored,calledLovetron,hasanatmospheredrivenbythesameforcesasEarth,exceptfor thefactthatLovetrondoesnotrotate.WhichofthefollowingfeatureswillCaptainKirkslandingparty bemostlikelytofindonLovetron? a.warmmostairatLovetronsequator b.desertsat30degreesnorthlatitude c.desertsat90degreesnorthlatitude d.alloftheabove e.aandconly

3134Matching.Thesameanswermaybeusedmorethanonce. 31.JohnnyDeppfalselyclaimstoconnectwithdead actors,andgetshisownTVshow,makingmuchmoney 32.ProfessorMaryContraryisledtofalseconclusions becausesheisemotionallyinvestedinacertainoutcome 33.PrivatecitizenJoeSixpackbelievesheisreceiving signalsandweeklyvisitsfromextraterrestrialcreatures 34.Wegenershypothesisofcontinentaldriftistested bygeologistswhodevelopmethodsfordeterminingthe agesofdifferentpartsofAtlanticOceancrust. A.Junkscience B.Pseudoscience C.Pathologicalscience D.TheScientificMethod

35.InDr.Bannersopinion,thepoorstateofscienceeducationintheUnitedStatesisinlargepart responsiblefor a.thedecreasingnumberofhighschoolgraduateschoosingscienceasacareer b.thelargenumberofcitizenswhobelievethattheircountryhasneverlandedpeopleonthemoon c.thelargenumberofcitizenswhobelievethatpeoplecancommunicatewithpeoplewhohavepassed away d.thesalesfiguresforVitaminO e.alloftheabove ThefollowingquestionreferstothesectionbelowfromanarticleintheN.Y.Times,Sept16,2009:

MORRISON, Wis. All it took was an early thaw for the drinking water here to become unsafe. There are 41,000 dairy cows in Brown County, which includes Morrison, and they produce more than 260 million gallons of manure each year, much of which is spread on nearby grain fields. Other farmers receive fees to cover their land with slaughterhouse waste and treated sewage. In measured amounts, that waste acts as fertilizer. But if the amounts are excessive, bacteria and chemicals can flow into the ground and contaminate residents tap water. In Morrison, more than 100 wells were polluted by agricultural runoff within a few months. As parasites and bacteria seeped into drinking water, residents suffered from chronic diarrhea, stomach illnesses and severe ear infections.

36.Thisisanexampleof a.theTragedyoftheCommons c.Pseudoscience e.Noneoftheabove

b.theScientificMethod d.JunkScience

IndicatewhethereachofthefollowingfoursequencesrepresentsanA.positive,orB.negativefeedback mechanism. 37.Theatmospherecools,icesheetsgrow,Earthreflects(ratherthanabsorbs)moreincomingsunlight 38.Atmosphericcarbondioxideconcentrationsincrease,plantsgrowfaster,fastergrowingplantsuse morecarbondioxide 39.Oceanswarm,causingmorewaterevaporateandcondense,causingmorecloudstoform,clouds increasecausingmorelighttobescatteredtospace,decreasingglobaltemperature 40.Oceanswarm,causingmorewatertocausingmorewaterevaporateandcondense,heatreleasedby condensationcausestheairtorisehigherintheatmosphere,causingevenmorewaterto condense A 7 A

 41. Thepercentageofthetotalmassoftheatmosphereinthetroposphereis: a. 20% b.50% c.80% d.99% 42. Whichofthefollowinggasesisamongthe4mostcommonchemicalspeciesintheatmosphere? a. Argon(Ar) b. Carbondioxide(CO2) c. CFCs d. Ozone(O3) 43. Thetropospheremixesvigorouslybecause: a. Temperaturedecreaseswithelevation b. Convectioncellscauseregionsofhighandlowpressure c. Hotairrisesandcoolairdescends d. aandconly e. a,bandc 44. Theplanetestablishesitsenergy(temperature)balanceby: a. Absorbingshortwaveradiationandemittinglongwaveradiation b. Absorbinglongwaveradiationandemittingshortwaveradiation 45. Iftheearthhadnoatmosphere,theaveragesurfacetemperaturewouldbe: a. Similartothetemperatureofthemoon,below0oC b. SimilartothetemperatureofVenus,hundredsofdegreesC c. Thesameasitisnow 46. Thefeaturesthatmakeamaterialagreenhousegasare: a. Absorptionoflongwaveradiationandashortatmosphericlifetime b. Absorptionoflongwaveradiationandalongatmosphericlifetime c. Absorptionofshortwaveradiationandashortatmosphericlifetime d. Absorptionofshortwaveradiationandalongatmosphericlifetime Matching: 47. Hottestlayeroftheatmosphere a.)Mesosphere 48. Layeroftheatmospherethatcontainsmostofthewater b.)Exosphere 49. Layeroftheatmospherewitharelatively c.)Troposphere constanttemperatureandhighconcentrationsofozone d.)Stratosphere e.)Thermosphere 50.PlatetectonicsisdrivenbyheatfromwhentheEarthfirstformedandheatproducedinitsinterior sincethenbyradioactivedecayofelementssuchasuranium,potassiumandthorium a. True b. False