5.3. VI PHUN (bc du).

a/ Cu to v nguyn l hot ng Kt cu chung ca mt vi phun nhin liu gm ba phn chnh:

Thn : trn thn kim c ng du dn n, ng dn t i Trong th c l d v v vt x gi. T thn xo, cy y, pha trn c ai c chn hiu chnh sc cng ca l xo, trn cng l chp y ai c hiu chnh chnh. u (t kim):c ni lin vi thn kim bng mt khu ni (cu trng) bn trong c ng du cao p khoang cha p, du cao p v cha van kim. Phn di u VP c mt hay nhiu l phun du rt b. Khu ni: dng ni thn v u VP. Vi phun c lp vo np quy lt nh gujon v mt bch .

Vi phun kn.

Phn loi vi phun : Cn c vo van kim v t kim, ngi ta phn ra hai loi vi phun: vi phun kn v vi phun h. - Vi phun kn. Vi phun kn chia thnh: vi phun kn tiu chun, vi phun kn c cht trn mi kim v vi phun kn dng van. Hin nay, hu ht cc ng c Diesel u dng Vi phun kn. + Vi phun kn tiu chun :gm hai chi tit chnh xc l xi lanh kim phun 17 v kim phun 3 khe h trong phn dn hng ca hai chi tit 3, ny khong 23m. Mt cn ta 2 ca kim t ln van trong thn kim phun v ng kn ng thng ti cc l phun. Cc l phun cn ng knh 0,34mm phn b quanh chu vi vi phun. k h 0 34 h u h h i u i h ng tm cc l phun v ng tm u vi phun to thnh gc 75 . cu trng 4 dng bt cht u vi phun ln thn.

1. l phun; 2. mt cn p ta ca kim; 3 v 19. kim phun; 4. cu trng; 5 v 16. ng dn nhin liu; 6. a y; 7. a 7 l xo; 8. l xo ; 8 9. cc; 10. vt iu chnh; 11. bulng; 12. b ni vi ng dn nhin liu 13. 13 chp ; 14 lc li; 14. 15. thn vi phun; 17.thn kim phun

Vi phun kn.

Nguyn l lm vic : * Nhin liu cao p c bm cao p a qua li lc 14, qua cc ng 16 trong thn kim phun ti khng gian bn trn mt cn ta ca van kim Lc do p sut nhin liu cao p to ra kim. tc dng ln din tch hnh vnh khn ca van kim chng li lc p ca l xo. Khi lc ca p sut nhin liu ln hn lc p ca l xo th van kim b y bt ln m ng thng cho nhin liu ti l phun. p sut nhin liu lm cho van kim bt g p p p u bt m c gi l p sut bt u phun nhin liu p. * Mun gim bt nhin liu r r qua khe h phn dn hng ca kim phun, i khi trn kim phun cn cn rnh hnh vnh khn. Hnh trnh nng kim phun c xc nh bi khe h gia mt trn p g p y g ca kim vi mt phng di ca thn vi phun. Khe h ny thng vo khong 0,3 0,5mm.

b/ iu kin lm vic
- Lm vic trong mi trng p sut du ln c lc va p ( gia b v ln, kim phun). - Lm vic trong mi trng nhit cao

Mt s loi vi phun kn :

Vi phun kn loi van.

Vi phun c cht trn kim phun

1.kim phun; 2.khoang phun; 3.thn vi phun; 4.l xo; 5.tay n; ; y ; 6.a y; 7.tay quay; 8.con i; 9.nm; 10 qu 9 nm; 10.qu o; 11.khoang cha

6
4

2 1

7
11 8 9 10

Vi phun dn ng c kh.

Hnh 2.20: Vi phun kiu thy lc. 1. hc cha du; 2. thn bm; ; 3. bm piston; 4. van mt chiu;5,7. bnh cha ; 6 van x; 6. 8. van an ton; 9. ng dn cao p

Hnh 2.21: Vi phun ca hng 2 21: Cummins. 1. cn piston; 2. a l xo; 3. l xo; 4 thn b 4. h bm; 5 l i lc; 6. 5. li l 6 l a du vo; 7. cu trng; 8. xylanh; 9. u vi phun; 10. y ; p ; piston;11. rnh nhin liu

c/ Hao mn v h hng ca vi phun: * Do ma st khi chuyn ng v khi nhin liu khng sch, mt dn hng b mn, v va p c chu k v v nhin liu h li phun qua vi t l phn b i tc ln, h mt kn st, ni kim v b tip xc nhau, b dp nt, trc r nn van y khng kn v gy ra s r r nhin liu ming phun . Ti y nhin liu chy km, to mui than , lm nng u p phun v thng lm tt l phun. g p * Nu nhin liu c nhiu cn cn hoc ln nc , kim phun kh chuyn ng , lm chy xm b mt kim hoc lun trng thi ng nn khng phun nhin liu c, hoc lun m lm nhin liu b r r.

Cc ch mn ca vi phun
1. 1 u mt phn i t h ui 2. vai p g 3. phn trc dn hng ca kim v phn v vi phun; 4. u cn t; 5. hng phun; 6. cht

Cc phng php xc nh h hng v kim tra vi phun */ Phng php xc nh h hng vi phun trn ng c: / Mt ng c c nhiu vi phun ang hot ng, nu mun xc nh chnh xc vi phun h ta lm nh sau: + cho ng c lm vic ch cm chng chng. + dng mt cha kho ming thch hp vi khu ni, ni ng cao p vi vi phun . + ni rcco ra khong 1 1 5 vng khi no th d x ra th 1-1.5 ng thy du dng li . + lng nghe ting n ca ng c. Nu my khng, ting n thay i chng t vi phun cn tt Nu tnh trng lm vic ca tt.Nu ng c v ting n khng thay i chng t vi phun h. Sit rcco cao p li + ln lt ni lng cc rcco kim tra cc vi phun cn li

*/ Phng php kim tra kim phun trn bn th: *Dng c : + cl ni lng rcco ng du v u VP + cl vng tho np chp l xo + tuc n vt * Th tc ki tra : Thao kim Sau khi xc nh VP h hng ( hoc cn kim tra) lp vi phun ln bn th v thc hin cc Bn th vi phun ) p p p 1.lc nhin liu bc sau: 1, X gi : - Kho van dn du ln ng h p lc. - n mnh cn bm tay vi ln x gi n khi no thy nhin liu phun

2.van kim tra 3.vt x kh 4.vi phun 5.bm tay 6.ng h hin th p sut 7.ng 7 ng cao p 8.vt iu chnh p sut 9.ai c nh v

Kim tra v iu chnh p lc phun : - m van cho u ln ng h p lc khong na vng - mnh cn tay bm cho ng h p lc tng ln n khi no n VP phun - So snh p lc trn ng h vi gi tr cho ca nh ch to. p g g Nu khng c l lch my c th ly gi tr 115-120 kG/cm2 vi VP kiu kim cht, 175 kG/cm2 vi Vp kn nhiu l. - Nu p lc thp hn gi tr quy nh ta vn c hiu chnh hoc thm tm m . Nu p lc cao hn th lm ngc li 3, Kim tra r r du VP: - cn b n bm tay cho l l kh 4 kG/ 2 d i l h p lc ln khong 4-5 kG/cm2 di p lc quy nh. V d : 110kG/cm2 cho p lc quy nh l 115kG/cm2. p y g Vi p lc ny du khng c r ra u VP. - Nu c r r l do mi kim ( ch cn nh ) v b trn cha kn . Nu r ra khu ni l do sit khu ni cha ng lc , mt tip x khng tt ta phi tho kim ra xoy li bng ct r v du nhn.

2,

4, Kim tra phun rt: Kho van du ln ng h.Dng giy mm lu kh sch du VP, VP n mnh cn bm tay cho du phun ra nu thy kh u kim l tt , nu t th VP phun rt. Nguyn nhn c th l do d bn hay try st cn thao ra, r thn kim d bi trn. 5, Kim tra cht lng phun : - Vn kho van du ln ng h p lc . - n mnh cn bm tay. - Quan st tnh trng phun du phi tht ti sng, ng gc sng nn chm tia. - Dng ming giy di u VP khong 3cm,xem s l tia c khng . Nu nght th dng cy xoi thng, cn thn trnh cy xoi gy trong l.

Hnh: kim tra vi phun nhin liu

6, Kim tra s mn ca kim v b: - m van cho du ln ng h p lc - n cn bm tay cho p lc gn bng p lc phun.Gi cn bm phun Gi v quan st s st p trn ng h, nu s st p khng qu 15kG/cm2 trong vng 15 giy th VP cn tt Ch : khng dng vi lau, ch dng du gasoil ty, ra sch cc chi tit. Dng c , bn kp ,tay ca ngi thao tc phi tht g p , y g p sch. * Sa cha vi phun: V y l mt trong nhng cp chi tit i hi tnh chnh xc rt cao nn thng thng khi b mn hoc h hng th ta thay b i kim-b phun. Trong trng hp thiu ph tng thay th th ta c th khi phc bng cch r
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