FORM4

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL

BAB

sEt

KOMPOSISI KIMIA DAL

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CEIL

cell
+

carbohydrates, lipids, protein.

and

ucle

ic acids.

Organib-,

KANDUNGAN BAHAN

ialah karbohid

i. The elements found in the

compounds are synthesised

the cells t hemselves.
rrrurti4rrrL

KIMIA DALAM SEL

dan asid nukl

are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,

nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus,

potassium, calcium. chlorine,

sodium. iron and magnesiurn. The chemical comnounds in the cell can be divided into

r-^-^^^i^ LUrrrP ^^-rounds arcompounds which do not originate from living things
such as water. acids, bases anmineral salts. These compouni.are not synthesised by the cel . themselves but are obtaine: irom the external environmen:
A

sulfur, fosforus, kalium. kalsium, klorin, natrium, :crum. dan magnesium. -::;rrian kimia dalam sel boleh -.:-ahagikan kepada dua kumpulan, iaitu organik dan bukan ,rganik.

't-ilrr-unsur vang ditemui :. Calam sel adalah karbon, hrdrogen, oksigen, nitrogen,

4.

ganik disrntesi. Sebatian buka:

daripada ber perti arr, astd. mineral. Seb;

disintesis oleh

sebatian )'anE

two groups, i.e organic and

inorganic.
1

diperoleh dani

luar. Contoh
organik yang
iaiah air.

Organic compounds
from living things.

are

c-.rrn r'tle

compounds which contain the element carbon and originate

Examples
are
5

_..-...r._nf an

organ-_

compound which is importrr

in the cells is water.

of

organic compounds which

are rmportant in cells

Table

Table 4.1 shows the chemic:.. compounds, the elements r:

them and their importance.

,'- \ang mengandungi unsur -..arbon dan berasal daripada benda hidup. Contoh sebatian ::"nik yang penring dalam sel

:.r.Lrian organik adalah

seba_

5. Jadual 4.I lr batian kimia.

dalamnya dan k

4.1 Different chemical compounds in cell Elements in the compound

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

'07

{08J,)

Jadual 4.1 Sebatian kimia yang berbeza di dalam sel

Chemical compound
Carbohydrates

Importance

>ebatian
l,

Unsur-unsur
dalam sebatian Karbon, hidrogen,
oksigen

!\lmla

Kepentir
Sumber tenaga
Bahan

. . . . . . . .

Main source of energy

Storage substances (starch. olrrr-nocn fat)

:,-ldrat

L1l;i

simpanan

Build new cell walls Build new cell structures and

tissues and repair damaged tissues Sources of energy

lemak) Membina dindrng Karbon, hidrogen,

oksigen, nitrogen, suifur, fosforus

Proteins

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,

sulphur,
nh.'t.t-th
,-'rt,

Membina struktur s baru dan memperL Sumber tenaga Mengawal tindak

Sicterrr nertahcncr

,.

Control biochemicai reactions

Body defense system Build haemoglobin which is important in the transport of oxygen

Membentuk hem.. penting dalam pe:r

oksigen

60

Chemical compound
Lipids

Elements in the compound

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Sebatian

Unsur-unsur
dalam sebatian Karbon, hidrogen,
oksigen
a a a

lmportance

kimia
Lipid

Kepen
Sumber ton ga
Penebat haba Sebahagian daripac

. . . . . .

Sources ofenergy

Insulators of heat Parl of the struclure of the

membrane

ce1l

Tiansport vitamins A, D, E, K

membran sel Mengangkut vitam. Pewarisan genetik Pengutus makluma

Sebagai pelarut

tuid nukleik
Genetic inheritance
Messenger for DNA

Nucleic acids

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,

Karbon, hidrogen,
oksigen, nitrogen, fosforus

a o

information Air

phosphorus
Water

Hydrogen, oxygen

As a solvent - Many chemical substances dissolve in water ReacLion medium As the main carrier in biological systems

Hidrogen, oksigen

bahan kimia 1arut d Medium tindak bali Sebagai pengangku sistem biologi

Controls the body temperature of

organisms Provides support and shape to organisms Acts as a lubricant in the intestines of animals to ease the movement of food in the alimentary canai Provides a moist surface for the diffusion of gases of respiration

Mengawalsuhu bac Memberikan sokon berituk kepada orga

Bertindak sebagai pe perger4kan makana pencernaan Menyediakan perrnr
bap untuk proses res

usus haiwan untuk r

*iT' CARBOHYDRATES !Bt"i.ibrr:.ii

3.
{6BJJ

|f;:i,S,qt

Excess carbohydraLes are stored in the form of glycogen ln the

KARBOHIDRAT,ffi*,oo,,oe

3.
{osJ,}

Karbohidrat be dalam bentuk

Ada juga ditul

Carbohydrates are a .group of important organic compounds. Carbohydrates include starch, sugar, glycogen and cellulose.
Carbohydrates

liver. Some are converted to fat and stored in the adipose tissues

below the skin and

organs.

arounC

Karbohidrat ialah kumpulan sebatian organik yang penting. Karbohidrar rermasuklah kanji, gula, glikogen, dan selulosa.

dan disimpan
organ.

di bawah kulit

tEb",",nr

I
I I

r--'l
e Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

l,

ry"norrio.at

re"'b";-l I hvdroqen:
I o*uo""n I tr ,'zir

. .

Disaccharides Polysacoharides

i-K"'L,".;_l I r'iorogen, I oksigen | (t:z:t)

l. Fruktosa .
|

FEh,r-*-l
I
I

Galaktosa

Diagram 4.1 Criteria of carbohydrates

6E;:t+

Rajah 4.1 Kriteria karbohidrat

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