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LTE Overview

Hussein Mounib
December 09

Agenda
1. Why LTE 2. LTE requirement & characteristics 3. LTE Architecture 3.1.1 eNode-B 3.1.2 RRH 3.2 ePC 4. Conclusion

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Why LTE?

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LTE LTE: Long Term Evolution

Also known as: E-UTRAN (Evolved UTRAN) Super 3G (Japan)

Evolution of WCDMA/HSPA

3GPP Release 8

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UMTS Evolutions
R8 3GPP
R7 GPP 3

PR 3GP
5 PP R 3G

6
3GPP R7 HSPA + Up to 43 Mbps (DL) Up to 11.5 Mbps (UL)

3GPP R8 LTE (Long Term Evolution) Up to 173 Mbps (DL) Up to 86 Mbps (UL) in 20MHz Based on OFDM and MIMO

3GPP R5 HSDPA Up to 14.4 Mbps (DL) Based on AMC (QPSK & 16QAM), MAC-hs, H-ARQ

3GPP R6 HSDPA/HSUPA Up to 14.4 Mbps (DL) Up to 5.76 Mbps (DL) HSUPA aka E-DCH

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Why LTE? Increase of Data Traffic

A major expansion in traffic volumes over cellular networks will take place as: The use of mobile Web expands, Data prices decline, Usability improves.
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Why LTE? Services Evolution

Needs for higher throughputs & lower latency to


enhance legacy services performances, offer high definition video & high resolution multimedia services, offer fast multi-user interactive gaming

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Why LTE? Enhance performances of 3G HSPA services Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Enables multiple users to receive data over the same radio resource Efficient approach to deliver content such as Mobile TV Higher capacity in LTE VoIP Better capacity expected with LTE

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Why LTE? Reduce cost per subscriber Reduce Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) TCO = CAPEX(Capital expenditure) + OPEX (Operating expense) Reduce cost per byte
By factor 6 compared to HSPA Due to network simplification, flat IP architecture and enhanced capacity/spectrum efficiency

NB: The CAPEX and OPEX breakdown varies a great deal depending on Network / country, accounting rules (depreciation)
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LTE requirement & characteristics

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Requirements for E-UTRAN Scalable bandwidth :


1.4/1.6, 3/3.2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz

Targeted Peak Throughputs


DL (1TX) : 100Mbps for 20MHz spectrum allocation UL (1TX) : 50Mbps for 20MHz spectrum allocation Scaling linearly with the spectrum allocation

Targeted increased of spectrum efficiency vs HSPA


DL : 3-4 times R6 HSDPA for LTE MIMO (2,2) UL : 2-3 times R6 E-DCH (HSUPA) for LTE (1 Tx,2 Rx)

Ultra low latency


<10ms for round trip delay from UE to server Reduced call set-up time
Transition time (Idle -> Active) < 100 msec Transition time (Dormant -> Active) < 50 msec
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Requirements for E-UTRAN High capacity per cell


200 users per cell for 5MHz, 400 users in larger spectrum allocations

Mobility
LTE is optimized for low speeds 0-15km/h, high performance for speeds up to 120km/h, and mobility maintained for speeds up to 350km/h

Efficient support of the various types of services Co-existence and Inter-working with 3GPP RAT
Handover between 3G & LTE:
Real-Time services < 300ms Non- Real Time services < 500ms

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E-UTRAN Air Interface characteristics Multiple Access Schemes:


Downlink: OFDMA Uplink: Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) with up to 4 antennas per station High Order Modulations:
Downlink: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Uplink: QPSK, 16QAM

Turbo coding H-ARQ

Based on OFDMA + MIMO Based on OFDMA + MIMO as other next generation mobile as other next generation mobile networks (WiMAX, UMB) networks (WiMAX, UMB)

Scalable bandwidth: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20MHz in FDD mode FDD an TDD modes

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LTE + SAE System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Enhanced Packet System (EPS) Network simplification
3 functional entities :
eNode B, Serving and PDN Gateways (can be combined into a single physical entity)
C-plane

Network Simplification
U-plane C-plane U-plane

GGSN SGSN RNC NodeB


Call Server

S-GW P-GW MME

IP-based network
Pure packet system No support for legacy CS voice/data VoIP
eNode B MME X2 IP transport backbone eNode B S1 S/P GW
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eNode B

Application servers

Service IP backbone

MD S Multi-standard User Database

LTE

LTE vs UMTS/HSPA UMTS (R.99)(3G)


Radio Access W-CDMA

HSPA (3.75G)
W-CDMA

HSPA+ (3.75G)
W-CDMA

LTE
OFDMA DL SC-FDMA UL Scalable from 1.4 MHz to20MHz QPSK/16QAM/64QAM QPSK/16QAM 2x2 - 4X4 MIMO

Bandwidth DL Modulation UL Modulation Antenna Systems

5MHz QPSK BPSK Rx Diversity

5MHz QPSK/16QAM QPSK Rx Diversity

5MHz QPSK/16QAM/64QAM QPSK/16QAM 2x2 MIMO Node B + RNC

Network Structure

Node B + RNC

Node B + RNC Or eHSPA Node B

eNode B to ePC

Services Transport

Circuit & Packet Swiched ATM/ Mixed ATM & IP

Circuit & Packet Swiched ATM/ Mixed ATM & IP

PS but Compatible to CS Possibly All IP

PS Only All IP

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LTE vs UMTS/HSPA

For 20MHz bandwidth

LTE HSPA+ HSPA UMTS

<10ms

86.4 Mbps (64QAM) 57.6 Mbps (16QAM)

326.4 Mbps (MIMO 4x4) 172.8 Mbps (MIMO 2x2) 100 Mbps (no MIMO) 43 Mbps (64 QAM+ MIMO 2x2) 28.8 Mbps (16QAM+ MIMO 2x2) 21.6 Mbps (no MIMO) 14.4 Mbps 384 kbps

30ms

11.5 Mbps

60ms 120ms

5.7 Mbps 384 kbps

Latency

UL Peak Throughputs

DL Peak Throughputs

Only achievable in good radio conditions

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LTE Spectrum Vision LTE FDD deployable in any of the 3GPP bands (and more)
900 MHz (GSM)- Europe 2100 MHz (UMTS) - Asia Initially for Japan, Korea, and maybe Europe Operators are looking to migrate GSM 900MHz to LTE for rural scenarios (coupled with 2.6 GHz for urban) 1800 MHz (GSM)- Europe & Asia Pacific Band not widely used, may see some re-farming, as for 900 MHz

Trials (07-08)
2100 MHz AWS

2009
2100MHz Japan/EU 1700/2100 NAR 700MHz NAR

2009 - 2010
25002690 MHz World 900MHz Europe 1800MHz Europe & APAC

2011
1900MHz NAR 850MHz NAR

2012
470-854MHz Europe (Digital Dividend) 450 MHz - Europe

1700/2100 MHz (AWS) Americas much interest in this band (1700 also for Japan) 700 MHz Americas Digital Dividend already decided

2500-2690 MHz (IMT 2000) Worldwide Likely the only band with 20 MHz of spectrum available for LTE Likely to be popular for worldwide roaming / device availability
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470-854 MHz (Digital Dividend) - Mainly Europe In competition with TV broadcasters and other technologies, due to larger cell sizes and better inbuilding coverage.

LTE Spectrum Reuse spectrum or new spectrum deployment


TODAY 2010
Capacity driven New spectrum application, Hot spots , 20MHz possible

GSM 900 MHz

UMTS 2100 MHz

GSM 900 MHz

UMTS 2100 MHz

LTE 2600 MHz

GSM GSM UMTS 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz

LTE 900MHz

GSM

UMTS

Free 900 MHz needs for 1800 MHz contiguous coverage, but will provide favorable range Free 1800 MHz more adapted to hot spots capacity driven scenario

1800 MHz 2100 MHz

GSM 900 MHz

UMTS 2100 MHz

GSM 900 MHz

UMTS 2100 MHz

Smooth LTE introduction in existing band, pre-empting a narrow BW in GSM, 5 MHz carrier in UMTS

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LTE Architecture

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LTE E2E Architecture Overview Generic - interworking interface


GERAN Control plane

BTS BTS
Abis

BSC BSC

Gb

User plane

UTRAN

SGSN SGSN RNC RNC


Rel 8 Rel 8
Iu-ps S3

Gr or S6d

NB NB
Iub

S6a

HSS HSS

R8 Interfaces
S12 S4

MME MME
S10 S11

Rx

PCRF PCRF

Application Function

Uu

S1-MME

e-PC
S5/S8

Gx

S1-U Uu

SGi

eNB eNB

SGW SGW
Anchor for 3GPP mobility
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PGW PGW

Data Services (e.g., VPN, FTP)

E-UTRAN

Anchor of the IP session

3.1

EnodeB
9326 d2U-V2

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EUTRAN Network Architecture


eUTRAN EPC

LTE-Uu UE eNB S1U X2C X2U LTE-Uu X2C X2U S1-MME S1-MME S1-MME

MME

X2C X2U S1U eNB

S1U

Serving SAE Gateway

eNB

UE

AP AP AP IP Transport Network (IP Cloud)

AP AP

X2C - X2 Cplane X2U - X2 Uplane AP - Access Point (for IP cloud)

S1U - S1 Uplane S1-MME - S1 Cplane

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EnodeB portfolio

The Alcatel-Lucent EnodeB is 3GPP-compliant.

The Alcatel-Lucent EnodeB portfolio includes:

digital base stations

remote radio heads (RRH) or radio modules (TRDU)

base station routers

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EnodeB main functions

The EnodeB supports the following main functions:


Radio Access Network (RAN ) management Network interface management including signaling between LTE Core Network components and the EnodeB EnodeB radio resources management Call processing Configuration and supervision Synchronization Performance monitoring

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9326 d2U-V2 hardware components

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9326 d2U-V2 functional architecture

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Extended Core Controller Module-U (xCCM-U)

Main functions: The xCCM-U aggregates the following functions: Core Controller (CCM) function: part of call processing data switching and routing OAM management EnodeB frequency and timing reference Global Positioning System and Alarm (GPSAM) function: external/internal alarm connectivity external synchronization reference interface
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Extended Channel Element Module-U (xCEM-U)

Main functions: The xCEM-U performs digital signal processing for both the Tx and Rx paths. The xCEM-U processes all types of LTE physical channel in both the uplink and downlink directions. Processing differs according to the type of physical channels. High-rate data channels require much more processing power than low-rate speech channels. The architecture of the xCEM-U is well adapted to LTE physical channel diversity. The xCEM-U hardware supports one frequency and one cell in LA1.1 (extended in Further releases). The xCEM-U performs part of call processing.

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Rack User Commissioning (RUC) module

Main functions: The RUC module (front and back) provides the following functions: power filtering current limitation commissioning non volatile memories inventory fan alarms, control and power supply -48 VDC connectivity The back RUC is designed to allow the power supply of the following modules: up to three xCEM-U(s) (through the RBP) one xCCM-U (through the RBP) two fans one RBP
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3.1.2

RRH/TRDU

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Cabinet front-view

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Top view of the RRH

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Product capabilities The product capabilities in this release are: Outdoor, -48VDC Transmit Power 2Tx at 40W each 1 or 2 sector Daisy chaining of up to three RRHs. Supports up to six user alarms for each RRH Support at least 2 LTE carriers at 20 MHz bandwidth RRH Mounting: pole wall floor stand Front access installation and service Bottom I/O panel access

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3.2

ePC

Evolved Packet Core

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LTE E2E Architecture Overview Generic - interworking interface


GERAN Control plane

BTS BTS
Abis

BSC BSC

Gb

User plane

UTRAN

SGSN SGSN RNC RNC


Rel 8 Rel 8
Iu-ps S3

Gr or S6d

NB NB
Iub

S6a

HSS HSS

R8 Interfaces
S12 S4

MME MME
S10 S11

Rx

PCRF PCRF

Application Function

Uu

S1-MME

e-PC
S5/S8

Gx

S1-U Uu

SGi

eNB eNB

SGW SGW
Anchor for 3GPP mobility
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PGW PGW

Data Services (e.g., VPN, FTP)

E-UTRAN

Anchor of the IP session

ePC Wiring

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ePC organic architecture

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LTE Main equipment role

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Conclusion

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LTE LTE is defined in 3GPP Release 8

LTE is based on OFDM, MIMO, IP

LTE relies on a simplified architecture network

LTE can be deployed in any 3G bands, with scalable bandwidth

WCDMA/HSPA operators as well as some CDMA operators will evolve to LTE

First commercial deployments in 2010


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