Bi Ging K Thut S

Chng 5

CHNG 5 CC H VI MCH S
5.1. TNG QUAN Xt v c bn c 2 lai thit b bn dn l lng cc v n cc. Da trn cc thit b ny, cc mch tch hp c hnh thnh. Cc h mch logic lng cc Cc yu t chnh ca IC lng cc l in tr, diode v BJT, hai hat ng trong IC lng cc l: tt v bo ha, cc h logic lng cc: Mch logic RTL Mch logic DCTL Mch logic HTL Mch logic TTL Mch logic Schottky TTL Mch logic ECL

Cc h mch logic n cc Cc thit b MOS l cc thit b n cc v ch c cc MOSFET c vn hnh trong cc mch logic MOS, cc mch logic MOS l PMOS NMOS CMOS

5.2. CC C TRNG CA CC VI MCH S Phn lai cc IC s Lai IC T hp quy m nh SSI T hp quy m trung bnh MSI T hp quy m ln LSI T hp quy m rt ln VLSI Cc c trng Tc hat ng, l thuc vo thi gian tr truyn t tpHL tpLH Cc cng cn bn Nh hn 12 12-99 100-999 Ln hn 1000 S cc linh kin Ln n 99 100-999 1000-9999 Ln hn 10000

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Bi Ging K Thut S

Chng 5

Tn hao cng sut, xc nh bi tch s ngun cung cp Vcc v dng Icc (gi tr trung bnh ca dng Icc mc 0 v mc 1), n v mW Ch s gi tr, xc nh bi tch s tc v cng sut Ch s gi tr (pJ)= thi gian tr han truyn t (ns)x cng sut (mW) Ch s gi tr cng nh cng tt H s ti, l s cng c th c vn hnh bi mt cng, h s ti cng cao cng thun li Cc tham s dng v p o in p u vo mc cao VIH (in p ti thiu m cng c th nhn bit mc 1) o in p u vo mc thp VIL (in p ti a m cng c th nhn bit mc 0) o in p u ra mc cao VOH(in p ti thiu ti u ra tng ng mc 1) o in p u ra mc thp VOL (in p ti a ti u ra tng ng mc 0) o Cng dng in u vo mc cao IIH (dng ti thiu c cung cp tng ng vi mc 1) o Cng dng in u vo mc thp IIL (dng ti a c cung cp tng ng vi mc 0) o Cng dng in u ra mc cao IOH (dng cc i m ng ra cung cp tng ng vi mc 1) o Cng dng in u ra mc thp IOH (dng cc tiu m ng ra cung cp tng ng vi mc 0)

Nhiu in p VOH VIH VIL VOH 0 L nhiu trng thi 0 L nhiu trng thi 1

Min nhit hat ng, t 0-700C cho cc ng dng tiu dng v cng nghip, t 550C 1250C cho cc mc ch qun s Yu cu v ngun Tnh a dng, kh nng tch hp, gi thnh, ch to, d phi hp vi vi mch cng ngh khc

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Bi Ging K Thut S 5.3. H RTL (RESISTOR-TRANSISTOR LOGIC)

Chng 5

Bao gm cc in tr v transistor, y l h logic c tch hp sm nht V d, mt cng NOR RTL

Vcc
Rc

Y
Rb1 Q1 Q2

A
Rb2

Cc mch RTL c c tnh chung l cn dng IB cho cc BJT nn cn c gi l mch thu dng (current sinking), v vy khi kt ni vi cc mch khc cn phi lu tha mn iu kin ny, nu khng mch s khng lm vic L nhiu trng thi 0 l 0.5-0.2=0.3V L nhiu trng thi 1 ph thuc vo ti 5.4. H DTL (DIODE-TRANSISTOR LOGIC) Bao gm diode ng vo v transistor ng ra V d, cng NAND DTL

Vcc
R1 DA Rc D2

A B
DB

D1

Y
Q

Rb

AND

NOT

Ng ra Y ko ln ngun Vcc c gi l ng ra ko ln th ng (Passive pull up) 5.5. H TTL (TRANSISTOR-TRANSISTOR LOGIC) Loi DTL sm c thay th bi mch TTL tc Transistor ng vo v Transistor ng ra

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Bi Ging K Thut S V d, cng NAND TTL Vcc

R1 R2 Rc R1 Q1 Q2 Q3

Chng 5

A B

A
DA

Q2

B Y
Q4 R3 Q1

Lu : khi cc ng vo A,B h (th ni ng vo) th khng c dng chy ra A, B nn ng vo h ging nh ni ln cao (logic 1) u ra TTL hot ng nh b thu nhn dng trng thi thp (Q4) v cung cp dng trng thi cao (Q3) Ng ra Y ko ln Transistor nn c gi l ng ra ko ln tch cc (Active pull up) hay cn gi l ng ra ct chm (Totel pole). Vi Q3 s khng c dng no truyn qua Rc khi ng ra mc thp nn s gim bt dng tiu hao trong mch. Trong khi kiu ko ln th ng s lm cho Q4 dn mt dng kh ln khi ng ra mc thp u im th hai ca cu hnh Totem pole l khi Y trng thi cao, Q3 c tr khng u ra thp nn rt thun tin nu ti c tnh dung C Nhc im ca cu hnh totem pole th hin trong gii on chuyn tip t thp ln cao. V Q4 tt chm nn khi Q4 cha tt m Q3 dn, thi gian ny (vi ns) c 2 transostor u dn in nn ht mt dng tng i ln. 5.6. CC C IM CA H TTL CHUN Lot IC TTL chun u tin gi l seri 54/74, ty theo hng ch to s c thm cc tin t. VD, Texas Instruments c tin t SN, National Semiconductor dng DM, Signetic l S V d, cng NOR s c cc m s khc nhau DM7402, SN7402 Khong nhit v in th ngun Seri 74 vn hnh trong khong in th 4.75 n 5.25 v nhit 00C n 700C Seri 54 chp nhn in th ngun trong khong 4.5 n 5.5 v nhit -550C n 1250C Mc in th ca seri 74 Ti a VOL VOH 2.4 VIL 2.0 VIH GV: Nguyn Trng Hi Chun 0.2 3.4 Ti thiu 0.4 0.8 Trang 149

Bi Ging K Thut S Cng sut tiu hao bnh qun mt cng khong 10mW Thi gian tr tiu biu tpLH=11ns v tpHL=7ns, trung bnh 9ns u ra TTL chun c th kch thch 10 u vo TTL chun 5.7. H TTL CI TIN 74 nh mc hiu sut Tr do truyn (ns) Cng sut (Mw) Ch s gi tr (pJ) H s ti Cc thng s in th VOH(min) VOL(min) VIH(min) VIL(min) Cc nh mc dng ng ra IOH (mA) IOL (mA) Cc nh mc dng ng vo IIH ( A ) IIL (mA) 9 10 90 10 2.4 0.4 2.0 0.8 -0.4 16 40 -1.6 74S 3 20 60 20 2.7 0.5 2.0 0.8 -1 20 50 -2 74LS 74AS 74ALS 9.5 2 19 20 2.7 0.5 2.0 0.8 -0.4 8 20 -0.4 1.7 8 13.6 40 2.5 0.5 2.0 0.8 -2 20 20 -0.5 4 1.2 4.8 20 2.5 0.4 2.0 0.8 -0.4 8 20 -0.1

Chng 5

74F 3 6 18 33 2.5 0.5 2.0 0.8 -1 20 20 -0.6

V d, Xc nh gii hn nhiu DC cho mt IC 74LS so snh vi IC 74 V d, Mt u ra 74ALS kch thch 3 u vo 74S v mt u vo 74 c khng 5.8. TTL VI NG RA CC THU H (OPEN COLLECTOR OUTPUT) S in hnh ca NAND cc thu h
VCC
R1 R2

Y
A B
R3

A B

Lu : Mch c cc thu h c th c s dng nh mch Logic thng thng bng cch mc thm R thch hp vi tnh trng ca ti. GV: Nguyn Trng Hi Trang 150

Bi Ging K Thut S 5.9. H TTL BA TRNG THI (TRISTATE)

Chng 5

Ngoi 2 trng thi c bn 1 v 0, cc mch logic cn c thm trng thi tng tr cao Hi-Z V d xt cng NOT 3 trng thi sau
A X A X= A A X

Cho php (E)

E=1

E=0

5.10. MCH LOGIC MOS Chuyn mch MOSFET c bn

+5V
D G S VGS=0 G D VGS=5V S G D S

Mch s dng MOSFET c phn thnh 3 nhm: P-MOS, N-MOS v CMOS c im ca logic MOS o So vi h lng cc th N-MOS v P-MOS c tc hot ng chm hn, tiu hao nng lng t hn, gii hn nhiu hp hn, khong in th ngun nui ln hn, h s ti ln hn v i hi t ch trn chip hn o Mc logic dnh cho mch MOS l V(0) 0V V(1) VDD 5.11. H CMOS Cng ngh CMOS tung ra cc sn phm c c im hiu sut ngy cng tt hn, cung cp khng ch tt c chc nng logic c TTL, m cn nhiu chc nng c bit khng c TTL CMOS Thng s 4000B 74HC 74HCT 74AC 74ACT 74AHC 74AHCT VIH(min) 3.5 3.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 3.85 2.0 VIL(max) 1.5 1.0 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.65 0.8 VOH(min) 4.95 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.4 3.15 VOL(max) 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.44 0.1 VNH 1.45 1.4 2.9 1.4 2.9 0.55 1.15 VNL 1.45 0.9 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.21 0.7 Lu : khng bao gi c php th ni cc u vo CMOS khng dng n, tt c u vo CMOS phi c ni hoc vi mc in th c nh (0 hoc VDD) hoc vi u vo khc (L do u vo CMOS th ni rt nhy vi tp m nhiu v tnh in vn c th d dng phn cc MOSFET trng thi dn in) GV: Nguyn Trng Hi Trang 151

Bi Ging K Thut S 5.12. MT S CNG Tt c cc cng u thuc loi tch hp SSI Cng NOT NOT NOT NAND 2 ng vo NAND 2 ng vo NAND 2 ng vo NAND 3 ng vo NAND 3 ng vo NAND 4 ng vo NAND 4 ng vo NAND 8 ng vo NAND 13 ng vo OR 2 ng vo NOR 2 ng vo NOR 3 ng vo NOR 4 ng vo AND 2 ng vo AND 2 ng vo AND 3 ng vo AND 3 ng vo XOR K hiu 7404 7405 7414 7400 7401 74132 7410 7412 7420 7422 7430 74133 7432 7402 7427 7425 7408 7409 7411 7415 7486 Loi ng ra Active Pull up Open collector Schmitt trigger Active Pull up Open collector Schmitt trigger Active Pull up Open collector Active Pull up Open collector Active Pull up Active Pull up Active Pull up Active Pull up Active Pull up Active Pull up Active Pull up Open collector Active Pull up Open collector

Chng 5

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