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( Y%S nqoaO jI 2553
jHjydr jI 2009
uy;j m[a[dr;k ys
uydpdh fykr;a t' ' tka' mS' md;
ISBN 978-955-51523-2-7
m.Kl wl=relrKh ( chkS YIsl,d w;a;kdhl
msgljr w,xlrKh

( nqoam r;akdhl

uqKh
( rejkamyrej
fkd' 14$10" m<fjks mgqu."
ms<sld frday, mdr" uyr.u'
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m%ldYkh

( ud. MGADH

Institute of Pali and Buddhist Studies

md,s yd fn!oaO wOHhk wdh;kh
Y%S jldrduh"
iaj;a;" mqjlamsh'
r we( 0718-401778" 0718-268693
www.magadhi.net
E-mail: magadhi.inst@gmail.com

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

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uy;j m[a[dr;k ys
uydpdh fykr;a t' ' tka' mS' md;

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l;=jrekaf.a fjk;a lD;s

uy;j m[a[dr;k ys

ud. Ydia;%Sh ix.%yh

- 2006

^Y%S chjOkmqr YajoHd,h&

Ourdc

- 2007

^rc; chka;s Ydia;%Sh l,dmh&

ud. Ydia;%Sh ix.%yh

^iajK chka;s fYaI l,dmh&

^Y%S chjOkmqr YajoHd,h&

jrK

- 2009

oh Ks myk

- 2009

^w;smQcH fldiaj;af;a whu, ysmdKka

iska r; OuYdia;%Sh ,sms iuqph&

2009

^yslalvqf Y%S iqux., kdys ixCIsma; p;dmodkh&

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fidar; is;

- 2009

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- 2009

^;reK wdl,am ixjOkhg nqoyu&

md,s wOHhk uYk ,sms

fn!oaO wOHhk uYk ,sms

- 2009 ^uqKfha&

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- 2009 ^uqKfha&

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fn!oaO uQ,Ou

Professor, Henarath H.D.N.P. Opatha

Publications: Textbooks, Creative and Scholar Books
1.
Management: Questions and Answers, 1990, Author Publication
prepared directly for Licentiate Examination Part II of Chartered
Accountants of Sri Lanka.
2.
Personnel Management: Part 1, 2003 (first published in 1995),
Author Publication, a text book written in Sinhala Language (the
first comprehensive book on the subject in Sinhala medium).
3.
Personnel Management: Part 2, 2003 (first published in 1995),
Author Publication, a text book written in Sinhala Language (the
first comprehensive book on the subject in Sinhala medium).
4.
Sri Lankan Critical Incidents in Industrial Relations, 2002, Author
Publication.
5.
Performance Evaluation of Human Resources, 2002, Author
Publication.
6.
Employee Discipline Management, 2002, Godage International
Publishers (pvt) Ltd., Wellampitiya, Sri Lanka; A scholar book
based on a conceptual model of managing employee discipline
explaining 34 principles.
7.
Applications in Employee Performance Evaluation, 2003, Author
Publication, Sri Lanka.
8.
Human Resource Management: Interpretative and Explanatory
Papers, Volume 1, 2003, Institute of Management and Science,
Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
9.
Research Methods for Human Resource Management: Questions
and Answers, Part 1, 2003, Author Publication.
10.
Factors Contributing Labour-Management Relationship in Sri
Lanka: An empirical analysis manufacturing sector, PhD Thesis,
UUM I Repository, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
11.
Human Resource Management, 2009, author Publication,
Department of Human Resource Management, University of Sri
Jayewardenepura, Sri lanka (the first Sri Lankan English Medium
textbook on HRM having A4 size 1008 pages and 21 chapters).
This book is being used by every state university in Sri Lanka.

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fun uy;a iDoa we;s fiala o
fun uy;a wdkqNdj we;s fiala o"
taldka;fhka ,dNfhl"
taldka;fhka ug ukd ,efula h'''''''
^wx'ks' ;sl ksmd;h" wdkkao j.a.h" 10 fjks iQ;%h" 404 msgqj&

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f fmd; .ek jpkhla

kdhl;ajh jQ l,S udkj im;a ixjOkh i|yd;a wdh;k
ixjOkh i|yd;a w;sYhskau jeo.;a jk l<ukdlrK ldhhls'
fn!oaO oYkh wkqj ienE kdhl;ajh hkq l=ulao@ kdhl;ajh
ms<sn| uQ,Ou ljfo@ fuu m%Yak folg m%udKj;a ms<s;=re ,ndu
fuu .%ka:h rpkd lsf wruqKhs'

yels;dla ir,j yd ksYa;j wod< uQ,Ou bm;a lsug
wms W;aidy lf<uq' fuys,d uQ,Ou hkafkka woyia jkafka
nqrcdKkajykafia iska jod< Ouhg Rcqju wh;a iy tu w;+,H
Oufhka .uH jk uQ,Ouhkah' fuys i|yka uQ,Ou wkq.ukh
lsfuka id:l ye kdhl;ajhla Tng cks;fldg mj;ajdf.k
hd yels jkq we;'

fuu .%ka:h kg kdhl;aj ;k;=re orK ljfrl=g jqjo
m%fhdackj;a f' wdh;k l<ukdlrejkag" wkd.; kdhlhka iy
l<ukdlrejka ug wfmaCId lrk ishu fokdg fuu .%ka:h
b;d m%fhdackj;a jk nj wms ;rfha Yajdi lruq'
Tng f;rejka irKhs !

10

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02' kdhl;ajh ms<sn| fn!oaO ixl,amh

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26

04' ksid ms<sn| hym;a wdl,amh

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06' ioa.=Khka

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10' kdhl;aj .=Kdx. iy hq;=l

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11' ;SrK .ekSu

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12' ye rdcH kdhlhd

141

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bgqlr.kq jia h ksYa; mqoa.,hl= iska h ksYa; mqoa.,
lKavdhula fj; n,mE lsf ldhh hs' n,mE bm;a lrkakd
kdhlhd jk w;r n,mEug ,lajk wh wkq.dlhka f' h
mrud:hla fyda mrud: bgqlr .ekSu Wfoid wfkl=;a ksiqkaf.a
is;=,s" jpkh iy phdj flfrys n,mE lsf yelshdj
kdhl;ajh hkqf' lsish msila lsish ksYa; mrud:hla
fj; idNsuqL lsuhs' ksYa; idj fj; kdhlhd kka ykajkq
,nk mqoa.,hd ish n,h Nd; fldg wka wh fhduq lsu is
lrhs'1

kdhl;ajh i|yd my; i|yka wx. ;sh hq;= nj .%y
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wfhl=g ke;ak Tyq fyda weh kdhlhl= fkdjkq we;'

2' wkq.dlhkag jvd je n,hla kdhlhl=g ;sh hq;=h'

tfia fkdjqKfyd;a wkq.dlhka kdhlhdj wkq.ukh
fkdlrkq we;'

14

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3' h mrud:hla fyda mrud: ^kdhlhdf.a& bIag lr .ekSug

wkq.dlhka fj; O n,mE kdhlhd iska bgqlrkq
,eu' kdhlhd W;aidy orKqfha kdhlhdf.a mrud:
bgqlr.ekSughs' ta i|yd Tyq $ weh wkq.dlhkag
Wmfoia u" wK u iy wdoYu;a u lrhs'

4' kdhlhdg ms<s.ekSula (Acceptance) ;sh hq;=h' kdhlhd

wkq.dlhka iska Tjqkaf.a kdhlhd jYfhka ms<s.; hq;=h'

wkq.dl ms<s.ekSu fkdue;s g kdhl;ajh wid:l f'
5' kdhl;ajh udkj ldhhla u' kdhlhd hkq ukqIHfhls'
wkq.dlfhda ukqIHfhda fj;s' tfyhska m.Kl weiqfrka fyda
fjkh hka;% iQ;% wdOdrfhka kdhl;ajh cks; fkdf' kdhl;ajh
jQ l,S ukqIHhl= iska cks; lrkq ,nk fohls' th cks; fldg
Tyq fyda weh iskau jOkh fldg mj;ajd f.k hd hq;= f'

kdhl;ajh l=i,;djls; fYaI ksmqK;djls' mqoa.,hka
f.!rj lrk iy wf.a fldg i,lk l=i,;djls' kdhl;ajh
mqoa.,fhl= yg ckaufhkau muKla ,efnk l=i,;djla fkdf;
yeoEfuka iy mqyqKfjka o cks; lr.; yels fohls' udkj im;a
l<ukdlrKh" .KldlrKh" wdl oHdj hkd Ihhka
bf.k .kakd moafoka kdhl;ajh o bf.k .; yels fohls;
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i|yd jvd;au jeo.;a idOlh jkafka kdhl;ajhhs' kdhl;ajh
wdh;k ixjOkh i|yd (Institutional Development) jvd;au jeo.;a
idOlh jqj o fkdjqj o th b;d jeo.;a idOlhla jYfhka fuys,d

15

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

i|yka l< hq;=h' udkj im;a ixjOkh (Human Resource

Development) i|yd;a iuia ; hla jYfhka cd;s l ixjOkh
(National Development) i|yd;a ksjer kdhl;ajhla w;HjYH f'
kdhl;ajh hkak fl;r jeo.;a o lsjfyd;a th l<ukdlrKh
Ih fCIa;%fha fnfykau mfhaIKhg ,la jQ ud;Dldjls'

h lKa v dhul id:l;a j h ms K s i kdhlhl= is k a
jeo.;a ldhNdrhla bgqlrkq ,ef' kdhlhl= iska bgqlrkq ,nk
ldhhka w;r ;SrK .ekSu" ;SrK l%shd;aul lsu msKsi wK u"
ud.foaYl;ajh iemhSu" uQ,sl;ajh u" wdoYu;a u hkdh
i<ld n,k g o kdhl;a;ajh b;d jeo.;a fohla jkq we;'

my; rEmfhka ks j er kdhl;a j h mq o a . , ixjOkh
^kdhlhdf.a ixjOkh&" udkj im;a ixjOkh ^wka whf.a
ixjOkh&" wdh;k ixjOkh iy cd;sl ixjOkh i|yd bjy,a
jk nj ksrEmkh flf'
mqoa., ixjOkh

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jkqfha th O ia;rj, mej;Suhs' kdhl;ajh Tnf.a ksjfiys"
Tnf.a /lshd ia:dkfhys" Tnf.a .f" Tnf.a k.rfha" iy rfgys

16

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ksfhdackh l< o kdhl;ajh h kl Tn fj;g meKsh yelsh'
Tn msfhl= fyda ufjl= jQ g Tn orejkag kdhlhl= f' Tng
ifydaorhl= fyda ifydaohl= ^nd,& ,enqK g Tyqg fyda wehg Tn
kdhlfhl= h yelsh'

tfiau kdhl;ajh O fCIa;%j, o olakg ,ef' wOHdmk"
fi!LH" wdrCIl" foa Y md,k" wd.l hkd O fCIa ; % j ,
kdhl;ajh mj;sh's foAYmd,k fCIa;h
% i<ld n,k g m%dfoaYh
S iNd"
m<d;a iNd iy cd;sl jYfhka kdhlfhda is;s' ljr fyda fCIa;%hl
l%shd;aul jk Yd, ixOdkhl w.% l<ukdlrejka" uOHu
l<ukdlrejka iy m<uq fm< l<ukdlrejka jYfhka kdhlfhda
is;s' wOHdmk fCIa ; % f hys mdi,l Ys I H kdhl kdhs l djka "
.=rejreka ^.=rejrhd tla;rd isiq msilg kdhlfhl= f&" wxY
m%OdkSka" y,am;sjreka hkd mdYaj ;=< kdhl;ajh l%shd;aul f
; h hq;=h' YajoHd,hl wxY m%OdkSka" mSGdm;sjreka" Wml=,m;s
kdhlhka jYfhka ie,fla' YajoHd, wdpdhjrhl= fYaIfhka
uydpdhjrhl= iska o kdhl;ajh lsish msilg ,nd ug is
we;' h uydpdhjrhl= h ksYa; Ih fCIa;%hl cd;sl
jYfhka kdhl;aj N+ldj bgqlrkjd h yelsh'

Tn kdhlfhlao@ Tn fld;r rg id:l kdhlfhla o@
f i|yd Tn iska iajhx we.hSula lrkak' my; lafjkafka Tn
fld;r rg id:l kdhlfhla o hkak k .ekSug bjy,a lr
.; yels kquls' kqfuys m%ldY 10 la we;s w;r Tn l< hq;af;a
tla tla m%ldYhg fl;r rg tl jkafkys o hkak lauhs'

17

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tl fj fj
fkdfj tl

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fokq we;'

2' uu b,a,Sula l< g

wkq.dlfhda th bgq lr;s'

3' wkq.dlfhda uf.ka

Wmfoia" u fmka
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4' w;a jevlghq;=j,
wkq.dlfhda uf.ka
fkdwid l%shd lr;s'
5' wkq.dlfhda uf.a
wjjdo ms<s.ks;s'
6' uf.a ksfhda. $ wK
wkq.dlfhda fkdms<s.ks;s'
7' uf.a phdjka iy jpk
wkq.dlhkaf.a m%Yxidjg
,la fjhs'
8' wkq.dlfhda udj

wkqlrKh lr;s'
9' wkq.dlfhda ug .re lr;s'
10'ug wjYH foa fkdj Tjqkg
wjYH foa wka wh iska
lrkq ,ef'

,l=Kq lsfuka miqj my; i|yka j.=j wdOdrfhka Tf
,l=Kq m%udKh ksYaph lrkak' miqj fok ,o w: ksrEmKh wkqj

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18

Tnf.a kdhl;ajfha id:l;aj m%udKh ksYaph lrkak'

whs;uh

1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
10'

fnfykau tl
uOHia:hs tl
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fuu .%ka:fha i|yka uQ,Ou ^fn!oaO& wkq.ukh lsfuka
Tng id:l kdhlfhl= h yels nj wms ;rfha Yajdi lruq'

nq rcdKka jyka f ia f f,da l hg my< jQ fY% a I a G ;u
kdhlfhls' nqyduqrefjda fuf;la f,dj my< jQ fY%aIaG;u
m%;sm;a;sh ^uOHu m%;smodj& fmka jQ kdhlhdfKdahs ^mKa;
.fKa.u irKxlr kdys" 2005" ms' 170&' nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a
wkq.dlfhda f,dj mqrd fjfi;s' wo f,dalfha fn!oaOhkaf.a
ixLHdj mkia ,CIhlg jvd jeh ^j,afmd, rdyq, ys" 1996" ms'
xviii&'3 uydpdh j,afmd, Y%S rdyq, iajdka jykafia iska r;
nqka jod< Ouh - What the Buddha Taught hk .%ka:fhys lafjk
m m%:ufhkau fn!oaOhkaf.a ixLHdj ishfldahlg wdikak h
yelsh' tod fukau wo;a nqka jod< Ouh fkdkeiS mj;shs' th
lsisodl h fkdhkq we;' th wld,slhs ( iodld,slhs'

fn!oaO oYkh wkqj ienE kdhl;ajhla hkq l=ulao@
kdhl;ajh ms<n
s | fn!oaO uQ,Ou ljfo@ fuu .%k:
a fhka wfmaCId
lrkqfha Wla; m%Yak folg ms<s;=re ,ndughs' wmf.a m%h;akh
ie,lsh hq;= f,i m%udKj;a f hhs wms Yajdi lruq'

19

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02 mfoh

kdhl;ajh ms<sn| fn!oaO

ixl,amh

;ud iifrka t;r wka wh o f iifrka t;r lru
msKsi uyd n,mEula bm;a lrka Ya; kdhl;ajhla wmf.a
nqrcdKkajykafia f,djg bm;a l< fial'1 nqrcdKkajykafia
w;s Yd, msilg mrudoYS kdhlfhla jQy' ish crd urK wdfhka ;udu kd wka wh o thska ku i|yd w;+,H Ouhla foaYkd
lrka wPskak ^.ska .gu mj;akd& kdhl;ajhla Wkajykafia
,nd kay'

nqrcdKkajykafiaf.a fndai;a p;h u.ska o jir 45 la
Ouh foaYkd lrka .; l< nqrcqkaf.a ;h u.ska o wmg
id:l kdhlhl= u i|yd O mdv bf.k .; yelsh' mdv
hka f kka fuys , d woyia lrkq f ha uQ , Ouhka h ' uQ , Ouhla
(A Principle) hkq m%;sm;a;shls (A Policy)' tk" ms<smeh hq;=" wkq.
ukh l< hq;= iy uQ,l
s lr .; hq;= ksYp
a hls' ke;fyd;a ;SrKhls'
fuys fn!oaO uQ,Ou hkafkka woyia jkafka nqrcdKkajykafia
Rcqju jod< Ouhg wh;a jk iy tu w;+,H Ouhg wod< jk
ke;fyd;a thska .uHjk uQ,Ouhkah' fn!oaO oYkhg wkqj
ienE kdhl;ajhla i|yd wkq.ukh l< hq;= Ou;d ljf o hkak

20

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kdhl;ajh

flfhka .%y lsu fuu mfofha wruqKhs' uQ,Ou oyhla

^10& Tn fj; bm;a flf'

uQ,Ouh - 1 ( kdhlhd iska bgqlr .ekSug m%h;ak orK

mrud:h Oudkql+, h hq;=hs'

kdhlfhla lghq ; = lrkq f ha wks j dhfhka u ls i s h
mrud:hla Wfoidh' mrud:h hkq wkd.;fha bgqlr .ekSug
m%h;ak orK b,lalh ke;fyd;a wfmaCIdjhs' mrud:h (Goal)
ksia hym; i|yd wksjdhfhkau bjy,a h hq;=hs' ysxidld"
wdh;k kdY lrk" i;=ka kdY lrk yd iajNdjOuhd kdY
lrk b,lalhla we;slr .ekSu fn!oaO kdhl;ajhg mgyeksf'

uQ,Ouh - 2 ( ksid ms<sn| hym;a wdl,amhla cks; lr .;

hq;=h'

flfkl=g kdhl;ajh ,efnkqfha wkq.d msila wef;d;a
muKs' tfiau wkq.d msi ;ud kdhlhd nj ms<s.; hq;=h' f
i|yd hym;a wdl,amhla ^msi ms<sn|& kdhlhd ;=< ;sh hq;=h'
wkq.dlfhda ukqIHfhda fj;s' f,dj fY%aIaG;u i;a;ajhd ksid f'
nqoaO;ajh ,en .; yelafla ukqIHhl= iska muKla nj;a nqjrhl=
f Yla;sh iEu ukqIHhl= i;=j we;s nj;a i|yka f ^uydpdh
Y%S rdyq, ys" 1997" ms' 1&' kdhl;ajh iska n,mE lrkq ,nk msi
;sikqka fkdj O is;= me;= we;s yeS we;s ksiqka msila
nj is;ays ;nd .ekSu jfkah' hym;a wdl,amh" hym;a phdjg
fya;=jkq we;'

uQ,Ouh - 3 ( id:l kdhlhl= u i|yd hym;a p;hla

cks; lr .; hq;=h'

b;d hym;a p;h hkq iodpdrd;aul YsIag;djhs' mkais,a
rlsk wjxl mqoa.,hl= h hq;=hs'2 wjxlNdjh hkq i;Hjd uhs'
i;Hhg .re l< hq;= w;r i;Hu m%ldY l< hq;=h'3 ielh" ;Kaydj"
fldamh" ffjrh" m<s .ekSu" idm lsu" wl ldu wdYdj hkd

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

21

Ia.=Khkaf.ka f;dr jQ bjiSfuka b;d fmdfydi;a jQ ksy;udkS

mqoa.,hl= u id:l kdhlhl= i|yd w;HjYH f'4

uQ,Ouh - 4 ( my; i|yka .=Kdx. by< m%udKhlska kdhlhd iska jOkh lr.; hq;=hs'

kdhl;ajh hk mofhys bx.%Sis jpkh jkqfha 'Leadership'
hkakhs' fn!oaO oYkhg wkqj fuu mofha wl=re Yaf,aIKh
lsfuka .=Kdx. oyhla i|yka l< yelsh'

L
}

Liberal - ;Hd.jka;
wkq.dlhka yg O ;Hd. ,ndug we;s
leue;a; iy tfia fkduiqrej ;sfnk foa
iemhSu'

E
}

Equal - idOdrK
wkq.dlhka yg idOdrKj ie,lSu"iudk
wjia:djka iy iudk jrm%ido u" ia;%S
mqreI fomdYajhgu iu ;ekla u
hkdh'

A
}

Active - il%Sh
w,i fkd lirj hfhka lghq;l
=
s u"
l=iS;j kslrefKa ld,h .; fkdlsu'5

D
}

Dependable - YajdiodhS
Yajdih ;eh yels u"6 h:djd ;:dld
u ^m%ldY l< foa lsu iy lrk foa
m%ldY lsu&'7

E
}

Educated - W.;a
ish j.lS ms<sn| ukd yelshdjla ;su"
wod< j.lS ms<sn| k W.;au'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

22

R
}



S
}

Ready wit - ia:dfkda; m%{dj

wjia:djg W; ksje/ ;SrKhka .ekSu
fyda yeisu'
Self discipline - iajhx kh
;uka iska is;" lh iy jpkh ixjr lr
.ekSu" m%;sm;a;s iy ;s ms<s.kska iy
tajdg .re lrka tajd wkq.ukh lsu'8

H
}
Humanly - udkqIslj

ks i a l ug .re lrka ukq I H ohdfjka

lghq;= lsu" lreKdfjka iy wkqlmdfjka

wkq.dlhkag ie,lSu'9

I
}

Intelligent - nqoau;a
ls < s yeS j,s k a f;dr u< fkdneKq
kqjKla ;su" h .egjlg tla me;a;la
fkdj wod< me;s ish,a,u l i;=gqodhl
iula lrd meKSu" nqrcdKka jykafia
tal fya;=jd fkd kdkd fya;= kdkd
M,jd jQy'10

P
}

Pleasant - m%shYS,s
m%shjd njla ;su" m%sh jpkh Nd;fhka 11
ish wkq.dlhka idNsuqL ^ksh; idjg
fhduq& lsu'

uQ,Ouh - 5 ( my; i|yka ldhhka bgq lsu'

1' wdoYfhka kdhl;ajh u'

nqkajykafiaf.a ishu wjjdo wkqYdikd ish,a,gu m<uqj
f,dalhd fj; ,enqfKa meye,s jQ wdoYh hs' ;ud fj; ;sfnkakd
jQ ;uka msyshd jQ foa ms<sn| wjjdo u'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

23

2' wkq.dlfhda WfoHda.su;a njg m;a lsu'

;u Y%djl Y%dldjkaf.a lsish hym;a jQ yeisula is jQ
g zzidOqZZ kdo mj;ajka nqrcdKkajykafia iska ;u Y%djl
msi WfoHda.su;a njg m;a l< wjia:d ms<sn|j ksr;=reju ;%smsgl
.%ka:j, i|yka f ^rdclSh mKa; krudfka nqoaOrla; ys" 2002"
ms' 17&'12
3' wkq.dlhkag Wmld u'
4' udkislj o~qj lsu'

ldhsl jYfhka o~qj mekula fkdlsu" l:d fkdlsu"
bj;aj hEu" jrolre ms<sn| is;=,a, is;ska bj;a lsu hkdfhka
o~qj u' 13
5' m%isoafha w.h lsu'
Wiia .=K we;s wkq.dlhka ykdf.k Tjqkaf.a fYaI .=Khka
uy;a fia wka wh bfha w.h lsu nqrcdKkajykafia bgql<
fial'14
6' wkq.dlhka wdrCId lsu'
7' iqiaidg iqiq ;ek u'15

uQ,Ouh - 6 ( md,k l%uh hqKq jkq msKsi

nqrcdKkajykafia iska foaYkd lrk ,o
rdcOu i; wkq.ukh lsu'

> ksldfha uydmksndK iq;%hg wkqj jkag foiQ ima;
wmydkSh Ou16 k jQ rdcOu i; meye,sj i|yka f' tajd
my; laf ^fldiaj;af;a whu, ys" 1996" msms' 438-439&'
1' md,kh ms<sn| .eg yd l%shdud. .ek ks;r /ia

idlPd lsu'

24

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

2' iu.sfhka /ia iu.sfhka isr hEu yd t< ks.uk

^;SrK& iu.sfhka hq;=j l%shd;aul lsu'

3' fkdt< ks.uk ^;SrK& l%shd;aul fkdlsu yd t<

ks.uk l%shd;aul lsu'
4' jeys u;hg" iudcfha mej; wd im%odhg .re lsu'

5' ia;%Ska l=, l=uhka nf,ka weo mqreI jifhys

fkdmeje;au'

6' iudcfha mQckSh;ajhg md;% jQ ia:dk flfrys f.!rj

iys; u'
7' wdOHd;al jYfhka hqKq W;=ukag /ljrKh ie,iSu'

idlPd fldg ;SrK .; hq;= nj;a" iu.sfhka /ia idlPd
l< hq;= nj;a tfiau .;a ;SrK iu.sfhka hq;=j l%shd;aul l< hq;=
nj;a nqrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l<y' fkd.;a ;SrK l%shd;aul
lsu is fkdl< hq;=h'17

uQ,Ouh - 7 ( uey;a nj fyj;a ue ms<sfj; wkq.ukh

l< hq;=h'

w;a;ls,u:dkqfhda.h iy lduiqL,a,l
s dkqfhda.h18 hk wka;
foflkau h hq;=h' fuu wka;jdohka wk:ld f' tfyhska
ue ms<sfj;u wkq.ukh lsu W;h' ka;kfhka ^is;=,s&
fukau prKfhka ^l%shdjka& o uOHia:u W;h' f;dr f;daxhla
fkdue;sj wiS; bgqlr .; fkdyels b,lal lrd fkdhd hq;=h'19
tfiau lsis b,lalhla fkdue;sj ksYaM,foa o fkdl< hq;=h' jvd
;d;a;al" bgqlr .; yels m%udKj;a b,lal lrd fufyhu
W;h'

uQ,Ouh - 8 ( h .egjla inkaO m%udKj;a wjfndaOh

;udg fkdue;s k ta inkaO ksmqKhkaf.
ka wjjdo wkqYdikd ,nd .ekSu'20

pdr k l%shd lsu pl%j;S rdcH ixl,amhg wh;a

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

25

m%;sm;a;shls'21 wd;au oukfhys kshqla; uyK nuqKka fj; jkajr

f.dia l< hq;a;" fkdl< hq;a; pdr k l%shd l< hq;=h' >ksldfha NsCIQkag ima; wmydks plalj;a;s iQ;%hg22 wkqj h .egjla
iu ms<sn| m%udKj;a wjfndaOhla kdhlhdyg fkdue;s k ta
inkaO fYaI{;dj we;s mdYajhlf.ka Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu
W;h'

uQ,Ouh - 9 ( l< l%shd wkqj m%;sM, cks; jk nj olajka

23
ish lKavdhu kdhlhd iska fufyh h
hq;=h'

hym;a foa lsfuka hym;la we;sjk nj;a"24 whym;a
l%shd lsfuka whym;la we;s jk nj;a iy ;u l%shdf j.lSu
;ud miqmi meK ;ud iq.;shg fyda .;shg fhduq lrk nj;a
nqrcdKka jykafia jod< fial' nqoaO Oufha lujdoh Wmfhda.S
lrf.k kdhl;ajh h hq;=h' lujdoh k fya;=M, jdohhs' ls%hd
- m%;sl%shd jdohhs' fyd| l%shdjlska fyd| mdlhla o ^m%;sM,hla&
krl l%shdjlska krl mdlhla o we;s f' iEu M,hlgu fya;=jla
we;'25

uQ,Ou - 10 ( lKavdhu fufyhjka wdl hqKj

q muKla
fkdj wdOHd;al hqKqjo ,nd.; hq;=h'26

wdl Wkak;shg kdhlhd wkqn, h hq;=h' tfiau Odl
wdOHd;al27 p;fhka hq;= ;Dma;su;a iduld idudlhkaf.
ka iuka; lKavdhula ys lsug kdhlhd fjfiiskau lghq;=
l< hq;=h'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

26

03 mfoh

Oudkql+, mrud:

mrud:hla hkq wkd.;fha bgqlr .ekSug wfmaCId lrk
b,lalhls' mrud: bgqlr .ekSu i|yd m%h;ak orkq ,ef' iEu
kdhlhl=gu h ksYa; mrud:hla fyda mrud: ;sh hq;=h' fuu
mrud:h h ksYa; NdKavhla cks; lsu h yelsh' ke;fyd;a
h ksYa; fiajdjla ^ksoiqkla jYfhka Wiia wOHdmkh ie,iSu"
f,v frda. ksYaph fldg iqj lsu" wdrCIdj ie,iSu" m%jdyk
myiql ie,iSu hkdh& h yelsh' wod< mrud:h id:lj
bgqlr .ekSu msKsi kdhlhd iska ish wkq.dl msi fj; n,mE
bm;a l< hq;=h" idNsuqL fldg fufyh h hq;=h'

nqoyug wkqj kdhlfhla iska uqka m;alr .ekSug orK
mrud:h Oudkql+, h hq;= f'1 tk nqka jod< Ouhg wkql+,
h hq;=h'2 j;udkfha olakg ,efnk ishu ixOdkj,g h
Okhla bmhSug is we;' Okh bmhSu jHdmdr ixOdkhlg
w;HjYH ;sf' Okh Wmhkq ,nkqfha ixOdkhl whs;slrejka
fukau fiajdodhlhkao .kqfokqlrejkao iy wuqjH jeks fhojq
imhk iemhqlrejkao ;Dma;su;a lsu msKsih' wdh;khl wLKav
meje;au i|yd ixOdkhlg Rcqju wod< jk whs;slrefjda" fiajdodhlfhda" iemhqlrefjda iy .kqfokqlrefjda ;Dma;su;aNdjhg
m;a h hq;=h' ta i|yd iEu ixOdkhlgu h idOdrK bmhqula

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

27

^fh m%d.aOkhg idOdrK ,dNhla fyda w;sla;hla& cks; lsug

is we;' ,dN bmhSf mrud:fhka msysgqjd we;s ixOdkhlg
idOdrK ,dNhla cks; lsu w;HjYH we;'

nqka jod< Ouhg wkqj ljr Okh bmhSula Odl jkafka
o@ Okh bmhSu l< hq;af;a fn!oaO iodpdrd;aul uQ,Ou jk
mkais,a iq/lsk whqks' mkais,a lefvk whqka Okh ksIamdokh
lsu Oudkql+, fkdf' jKscd iQ;%hg wkqj3

1' i;=ka lsKSu

2' wdhqO lsKSu

3' uia lsKSu

4' u;ajH lsKSu iy

5' i lsKSu is fkdl< hq;=h' wdhh wIagdx.sl ud.fha
iud wdj ^hym;a fmfj;&4 fuys,d wod< f' uia msKsi i;=ka
we;s lsu" uia i|yd i;=ka lsKu
S " urKSh wdhqO fjf<|du" u;ameka
u;ajH fjf<|du" I fjf<|du hkd wkqkaf.a m;g fya;=jk
/lshdj, fkdfhu;a" wkqkg ysxid msKsi fkdjk" ye ls<s
fkdue;s /lshdjl fhh hq;= nj;a iud wdj hkafkys woyihs'
by; olajk ,o tla fCIa;%hl fyda inka; ixOdkhl fyda
lKavdhul Tn iska kdhl;ajh orKq ,eu Oudkql+, fkdf'
bka woyia jkafka tn fCIa;%hl Tn kdhl;ajh fkdh hq;=
njhs'

nqka jod< Ouhg wkqj ljr fyda kdhl;aj /lshdjla
^l<ukdlrK /lshdjla& lsu fhda.H fkdf' Tn iska lrkq
,nk kdhl;aj /lshdj"

1' ; ^ksia iy wfkl=;a ;j,g& ydks fkdmuqKqjk"

2' foam< Nd; whs;sh meyer fkd.kakd"

3' ish mjq,a ;h kdYhg m;a fkdlrk"

4' uqidjdofhka f;dr jQ iy

5' u;ameka" u;ajHj,g inkaO fkdjk /lshdjla h

hq;=h'5

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

28

f wdldrfhkau kdhl;aj mrud: ksid iy wka i;=kaf.a
;j,g ydks fkdmuqKqjk" foam< Nd;h whs;sh meyer fkd.
kakd" ish mjq,a ;h kdYhg m;a fkdlrk" uqidjdofhka f;dr
jQ iy u;ameka u;ajHj,g inkaO fkdjQ tajd h hq;=h' wdhh
wIagdx.sl ud.fha iud luka;h 6 fyj;a hym;a jev hk
m%;sm;a;sh fuys,d wod< f'

wn,l rdyqf,dajdo7 iQ;%hg wkqj Tnf.a l%shdj Tng la
msKsio" wkqkag la msKsio Tng;a wkqkag;a la msKsi o f k
th wl=i,hla jk w;r ta ksid la mdl ,efnk fyhska fkdl<
hq;=h' f wkqj kdhl;aj mrud:h"

^w& Tng la msKsi fkdh hq;=h'

^wd& wka whg la msKsi fkdh hq;=h'

^we& Tng;a wka whg;a la msKsi fkdh hq;=h'

kdhlhl=f.a mrud:h uekka ms<s.; yels whqka m%ldY
fldg fyda ,shd ;sh yelsh' mrud: m%ldYkh Oudkql+,j i|yka
lr ;sh yelsh' tfy;a ienekau is lrkafka Oudkql+, fohla
fkdug mqjk' ksoiqkla jYfhka h wdh;k kdhlhl=f.a
mrud:h jkafka lsish m%foaYhl uyck hqKqj i|yd wjYH jk
wmjHQyuh myiql ^uydud." rl:k hkd h;, myiql&
ie,iSuhs' ta i|yd foaYSh rgj,ska wdOdr ,nd .efka' fuu
mrud:h uqjdfjka lsish ;%ia;jd lKavdhulg wdhqO ,ndu
i|yd kdhlhd Wmldr lrhs k tu l%shdj jxpdjls' tfiau ksiqka kik foam, kdY lrk ;%ia;hkag Wouls' fuh n,j;a
wl=Y,hls'

oi mqKHl%shd ms<sn|j kdhl;aj mrud: we;slr .; yelsh'
Wi mqKHl%shd hkq msk ,nd.ekSug fya;=jk hym;a l%shdldrlh'
oY mqKH l%shd my; laf'8
1' odkh

mQcd jYfhka fyda wkq.%y jYfhka ;udg wh;a jia;=jla
fyda jia;= fyda wdydrmdk" we me< hkdh m;Hd. lsu

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

29

odkh k f' uiqrelfuka mqoa.,hka wka whg ^W;=ukag iy

wka whg& odkh fokq we;'
2' iS,h

hg;a msfika mxp iS,h wdrCId lsu ke;fyd;a msysgd
lghq;= lsu iS,h k f' m[apYS,h" wIagdx. YS,h iy oY YS,h
k m%Odk YS, j. ;=kls' f ms<sn| miq mfohl i|yka
f'
3' Ndjkdj

ksudK l=i,;dj jeug l%shd lsu Ndjkdj k f'
hym;a is;
= ,s fufkys lsfuka is; hqKq lr .ekSu9 fuys,d isf'
Ndjkdj uQ,sl jYfhka fojeoEre f' tk iu: Ndjkdj ^iudh
hqKq lsu& iy oYkd Ndjkdj ^m%{dj hqKq lsu& hs'10
4' m;a;s odkh

m;a;s odkh hkq mska uhs' m%dma;sodk kkao yekaf' fuu
mqKH l%shdfjka woyia jkafka hul= iska lrk ,o msk wkqkag
whs;s lsu fyj;a wkqkag wkqfudaoka lruhs' u< .sh {d;Skag"
fohkag iy il, i;a;ajhkag mskau l< yelsh'
5' m;a;dkqfudaokd

m;a;dkqfudaokd hkq mska wkqfudaoka uhs' mska wkqfudaoka
u hkafkka woyia jkafka hul= wkqfudaoka lrjk msk ke;fyd;a
hul= fok msk i;=ka ;jll= iska ms<s.ekSu is lrkq ,euhs'
odkh ksid th fok mqoa.,hdg mqKH ,dNhla ,ef' th ,nk
mqoa.,hdg ^m%;s.%dylhdg& o ,dNhla ,ef'11 f fomdYajh ms<sn|j
BIHdj fkdue;sj fomdYajh mska is lr f.k yd ,ndf.k iqjm;a
fjd hehs hful= m;hs k tu ;eke;a;dg mska wkqfudaoka f
msk ,ef'
6' fjhHdjp

nqoaOd r;ak;%hg" udmshkag" .=rejrekag" jeyshkag" frda.
Skag" wd.ka;=lhskg iy wkH iqiaikag ^.re l< hq;=& j;djla lsu
fjhHdjp mqKH l%shdjhs' mkai,a m;% lsu" w;a jehd lsu"

30

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

uxudj;a kv;a;=j" .=re fo.=rekg j;djla lsu hkdh fuhg

we;=<;a f'
7' wmpdhkh

wmpdhkh hkafkka woyia jkafka .re l< hq;= mdYajhkag
iy foaj,g f.!rjh lsuhs' .re l< hq;af;da hkakg ;%sO r;akh"
foudmsfhda" .=rejre" jeuy,af,da iy .=Kjka;fhda wh;a f' is;ska
^.=K fufkys lsfuka&" jpkfhka ^.=K lSfuka iy $ fyda ,sfuka&
iy lhska ^jkaokd lsfuka" ke.sfuka" wdik iemhSfuka hkd&
.re lsu l< yelsh'
8' iq;s

iq;s hkq nqoaO Ouh Y%jKh lsu fyj;a Ouhg ijka
uhs ' rd.h i|yd i rd.h i|yd fkdjQ ;:d.;hdKka
jykafiaf.a iqmY=oaO Ouh b;d f.!rjfhka Y%jKh l< hq;=u
fuu mqKH l%shdfjka woyia f' hym;a mqoa.,hl=u i|yd Ouh
Y%jKh w;HjYH f'
9' foaYkd

nqka jod< iqmY=oaO Ouh f,dal i;a;ajhdg iqj msKsi
foaYkd lsu iy foaYkd lsug myiql ie,iSu fuu mqKH
l%shdfjka woyia f' wikakka ;=< wjfndaOh cks; jk whqka
Ouh foaYkd l< hq;= f' ,dNhla fyda m%Yxidjla wfmaCId fkdlr
fuu mqKH l%shdj isl< hq;=h'
10' cqlu

ka woyia jkafka iuH.a oDIah cks; lr .ekSu iy cks;
lr .;a iuH.a oDIah msis lr .ekSu;ah' ksjka ms<sfj; werfUk m ;u oDIah cks; fldg" th meye,s lr f.k ;yjqre
lr .ekSu woyia f' iuH.a oDIah hkq mska m we;s nj;a" mska
mj, mdl we;s nj;a" mqkremam;a;shla we;s nj;a iy .;sh fyda
iq.;sh we;s lr.kq ,nkafka i;a;ajhd iskau lrkq ,nk lu
wkqj nj;a ms<sn| u;hhs'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

31

by; i|yka oi mqKH l%h
s d inkaOfhka Tng kdhl;ajhla
h yelsh' tn kdhl;ajhlska woyia jkafka by; tla l%shdjlg
fyda l%shd lsysmhlg fyda l%shd ish,a,gu fyda inkaOj lsish
lKa v dhula we;s ls u iy fufyhuhs ' tn kdhl;a j hla
wksjdhfhkau Oudkql,
+ f' kdhlhdf.a mrud: by; l%h
s dj,g
wh;a k tu mrud: mska f.k fok" f,dal i;a;ajhdf.a iqj msKsi
bjy,a jk b,lal f'

wdhh wIagdx.sl ud.fha ^laL ksfrdaO .dKS mmod&
fojk m%;sm;a;sh jkqfha iud ixlmamhs' tk ksjer l,amkdjhs'
ksjer l,amkdj hkq l=ulao@ lduhkaf.ka ug is;a fhduq lsu"
jHdmdo fyj;a kmqre is;ska ug is;a fhduq lsu iy ysxidld
nka je<lSug is;a fhduq lsu ukd ixl,amkd hhs yekaf' ksjer
^ukd" hym;a& l,amkdjl ,CIK ;=kla we;' tk (
1' lduql l,amkdjla fkdu' wiS;j mial iem fuka

wE;a f l,amkdj'
2' fl% d a O iy.; l,a m kdjla fkdu' wkq k a keiS f
ke;fyd;a jekfiajd hk ffjr iy.; woyiska fkd ffu;%S
iy.; l,amkdj'
3' ysxid iy.; l,amkdjla fkdu' lsisjl= ;,d fm,d mSvd
lsf woyiska f;dru ke;fyd;a wysxidf l,amkdj'

fn!oaO kdhlhl=f.a mrud:h by; ksjer l,amkdj u;
mok h hq;=h' kdhl;aj mrud:h ;=< by; i|yka ,CIK 3
;sh hq;=h' ke;fyd;a kdhlhdf.a mrud:h fyda mrud: by;
lreKq ^,CIK& 3g mriamr frda fkdh hq;=hs'

wd;a u d:ld;a j h u; mok jQ foa Y md,kS l rKhla
j;udk iudch ;=< olakg ,ef' fndfyda kdhlfhda wfhda.H
f,i foaYmd,kSlrKhg ,la we;' foaYmd,kSlrKhg ,la jQ
wdh;k kdhlhl= fndfyda g Oudkql+, mrud: u; lghq;=
fkdlrhs' kdhlhd ^fndfyda g rdcH wdh;kj, h ksYa;

32

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

ld,hlg - wjqre ;=klg m;ajk& rf foaYmd,k kdhlhl=g

fyda mCIhlg wdOdr lrhs' tfia lrkqfha ish OQr ld,h > lr
.ekSu" fjk;a wdh;khl kdhl;aj ;k;=rla u" ish tjd
mqoa.,hkaf.ka m,s .ekSu" Okh /ia lsu hkd mrud: ^;DIaKdj"
fl%daOh" Nh hkdh u; mok jQ& bgq lr .ekSu msKsihs' fujeks
kdhlhl= l l,lska nyq;rhlf.a wm%idohg yd frdaOhg m;a
f' fndfyda g fujeks kdhlhl=g ish OQrld,h wjidkug
m%:u tlaflda b,a,d wiaug ke;fyd;a OQrfhka fkrmkq ,eug
isjkq we;' ksYa; jYfhka wid:l kdhlhl= jkq we;'

lsish Yaj oHd,hl tla;rd foaYmd,k mCIhlg

inkaOj m%:u Wmd wfmaCIlhka Yd, ixLHdjla
^nyq;rhla& inkaO isk ;;a;ajhla olakg ,ef'
h foaYmd,k kdhlhl= f ;;a;ajh fjkia lsf
mrud:h we;=j h Wmd wfmaCIl lKavdhula ^l=vd&
fufyhjhs' fufyhf m%;sM,hla jYfhka ^ndOd ls"
myr" fpkh ls" fmdaiag uv .eiS hkdh
lrk fldg f.k& fomsi w;r Yd, .egqula we;s
udi lsysmhlg YajoHd,h jid ug is f' Wmd
wfmaCIlhka lsysm fofkl=g nrm;, f,i Ydl ;=jd,
is frday,a .; lsug is f'
Wla; kdhlhdf.a mrud:h Oudkql+, o@ ienekau
ke;'

33

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

04 mfoh

ksid ms<sn| hym;a

wdl,amh

kdhlhd jQ l,S ksfils' wkq.dlhka o ksik
q a f' id:l
kdhl;ajhla i|yd ksid ms<sn| ksjer wjfndaOhla kdhlhdg
;su w;HdjYH f' ksid hkq ljfrlao@ fuh jeo.;a odYksl
m%Yakhls' fmr. fyda wmr. fyda fjd iEu YsIagdpdrhlau hqKq
jQfha ksid ms<sn|j lrk ,o mfhaIKj, m%;sM,hla jYfhks'

wm ieu j;a jkafka iudchla ;=<h' iudchla hkq
mqoa.,hka msilf.a tl;=jls' mqoa.,hkaf.ka f;drj iudchla
mej;sh fkdyelsh' ta whqkau iudchla o mqoa.,hkaf.ka f;drj
mej;sh fkdyelsh' tlu ldishl fome;a;la jYfhka mqoa.,hd yd
iudch yekaf' iEu mqoa.,fhlau j;a jkqfha iudch ;=< jk
w;r iudch mqoa.,hkaf.ka ie ,oaols'

j oHd;aulj iEu mqoa.,fhlau iudkh' ish udkjhka
ksia hk tlu l=,hlg wka;.; jk njo j. m%fNao kau
re l< hq;= njo nqrcdKka jykafia iska foaYkd lrk ,' iq
iy l jYfhka ksiqkaf.a jK folla olakg ,ef' tfiau
zz;,t<ZZ jYfhkao jKhla fndfyda g wdishd;sl ^ol=Kq& olakg
,ef' tfy;a ksidf.a wNHka;r l%shdld;ajh wkqj ^fYaIfhka

34

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

Ydlj& ishu ksiqka iudk f' iEu ksfil=gu j;au i|yd

wdydr wjYHh h'1 tfiau c,h wjYH f' Yrh msis ls ieugu
lsug is we;'

l=, wkqj ksiqka fnu nqoyu iska m%;sfCIam lrkq ,en
we;' l=,hka wkqj ksiqka Wia my;a jk kuq;a th nqoyu iska
m%;sfCIam lrkq ,en we;' isxy,hska w;r O l=, j. mej;=Ks'
f.d.u ^fmdf<dfjys j.d lrkakka&" lrj ^jrhka&" i,d.u ^l=re
fmd;= .ikakka&" rdj ^rd ukakka&" kjkaokak ^ly,alrejka"
f,day jev lrkakka iy leghlrejka&" ikakd,s ^uykakka&" rod
^fr wmq,a,kakka&" nvye, ^l=U,alrejka&" rkslals ^lrKjEhka&"
fnrj ^fnr jhkakka&" lskakdr ^mere hkakka&" frd ^iskakka&
Y%S ,dxlsl ck;dj w;r mej;s l=, l%uhg wh;a l=, j.fhdah'
fuu l=, l%uh j;udkfha b;d wvq jYfhka jHjydr f' nqka
jod< Ouhg wkqj l=, l%uh ms<sfkd.efka' ta wkqj ksiqka j.
lsu l< fkdyelsh' tl, O /lshd mok lrf.k tfia ;snqK
o j;udkfha wOHdmkh yd m<mqreoao u;hs fYaIfhka /lshd
lrkq ,nkqfha'

wkH i;=ka yd .iaje,a fjkafldg ykd.; yels jqjo
ksiqka jK jYfhka ^n%dyauK" laI;%Sh" ffjYHh iy Y=& j.
lr fkdyelsh'2 merKs oUj n%dyauKfhda bf.kSu" b.ekau"
hd. lsu yd lru" odkh ms<s.ekSu hkdh l<y' laI;%Sfhda
iska lrkq ,enqf m%cd md,kh" odkh" oka u" fo wOHdmkh
yd ldufhys fkdwe,Suhs'3 ffjYHfhda lDIsluh" .j md,kh"
fjf<|du hkd ludka; l<y'4 Y=fhda iska n%dyauK" laI;%sh
iy ffjYHh hk jK ;=kg lSlre fjka odil lsu lrkq
,enQy'5 tl, n%dyauKfhda jvd;au Wiia cd;sh jYfhka ie,l=Ks'
iudc oHd;aulj iudcfha ishu idudlhka iudkd;au;djfhka
hq;=j ie,lsh hq;=h' nqoyug wkqj ishu idudlhka whs;sjdisl
wkqj tl iudkh' h cd;shla wfkla cd;shg jvd jKh wkqj
Wiia fyda my;a fkdf'

f,dj jik nqoau;aj i;a;ajhd ksidh' iajdkj Yajh
wjfndaO lr.; yelafla ksidgh' f ys;,fha j;ajk ishu

35

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

ka w;=frka w;s fYaI i;a;ajhd ukqIHhdh' Tyq $ wehg Wiia jQ

ukila msysgd ;su thg fya;=jhs' ishu i;a;ajhkg jvd Wiia jQ
W;= jQ i;a;ajhd o ksidh' f iif ieirk mqoa.,hl=f.a mru
mQK;dj jQ inqoaO;ajh yqfola ukqIHhl= iska u muKla ,nk
fohls' iEu ksfil=gu uqla;sh ,nd .ekSug Njhla ^wkd.;
yelshdjla& we;' ksidf.a w.h Tyq $ wehf.a fY%aIaG;ajh u; r|d
mj;sk nj;a ;udf.au W;aidyfhka th ,nd .; hq;= nj;a ;udg
fjk lsisjl=f.a msysgla ke;s w;r we;af;a ;udg ;udf.a msysg nj;a
tfyhska ;udf.a .e,jqlre ;udu nj;a nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a
Oufhys i|yka f' fohl=g fyda n%yauhl=g nqh fkdyels
nj;a nq h yelafla iodpdrd;aul nf iy m%{df by<gu .sh
ukqIHhl=g muKla nj;a i|yka f'

ksid iodpdr imkak jQ g fohkaf.a mjd jkaokdjg
Ndckh fjhs' Yl% foafkahd ukqf,dj foig kuialdr lrka"

fh .yGd mq[a[lrd
iS,j;a;d Wmdild
Ofk odrx fmdfi;a;s
;x kuiaid ud;,S 6

hkqfjka mjid we;s nj jd;d jkafka tfyhsk's f wkqj fohkaf.

ka mjd je ms ,nd .ekSug W;a;;r ksfil=g yelshdj we;'
fnKavdr iy wka wh ^2004" ms' 77& i|yka lr;s fufia (

zzfoaj;ajh hkq ukqIH;ajh ,nd l=i,a l< mqoa.,hka ,nk
ldu iaj.hls' tfy;a mska msyqKq miq kej; ukqf,dj fyda fjk;a
;ekl Wm; ,nkakg isjk fyhska foaj;ajh hkq iodld,sl"
n,Od" ij imQK ;;a;ajhla fkdf'ZZ

nqoO
a ;ajh ,nd .ekSu hkq ukqIH yelshdjkaf.a uqka fm;a;g
fyj;a by< u ;;a;ajhg meKSuhs' lsis ksfil= iodld,sl
mldrfhl= jYfhka fkdie,fla' lsk wmrdOldrfhl=g jqj o
hym;a ;hla njg tu ;h mj;kh lr .ekSf yelshdjla we;' krl mqoa.,fhla miq lf,l fyd| ug bv ;sf' fyd|

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

36

mqoa.,fhla miq lf,l krl ug bv ;sf' fyd| mqoa.,hl= jvd

fyd| mqoa.,fhl= ug;a krl mqoa.,fhl= jvd krl mqoa.,hl=
ug;a mqjk' mqoa.,hd ixidr .ufka .;sl jk kuq;a ia:s;sl
fkdfjhs' fuu .;sl ^fjkia jk& iajNdjh mok lr .kska
nqiuh oHdkql+, Nck l%uhla wkqj iudcfha jdih lrk ckhd
j. y;rlg fnod laf'

1'

;fuda ;u mrdhk ^wka wrg hk&

kg miam oi wl=i,a lrk .ska .gu ;j ;j;a
wl=i,aj, fhfok wh'

2' ;fud fcda;s mrdhk ^wka t<shg hk&

kg m lr we;;a l%ufhka l=i,hg fhduq fjka
fyd| w;g fjkia jk wh'

3'

fcda;s fcda;s mrdhk ^t<sfhka t<shg hk&

kgu;a hym;a ls%hdjkays ksr; ;jrg;a .ska .gu
jv jvd hym;a l=i,a l%shd lrk wh'

4' fcda;s ;u mrdhk ^t<sfhka wrg hk&

kg hym;a l%h
s djkays ksr; kuq;a wl=i,hg ke .gu
wl=i,aj,g fhduqjk wh'

nqrcdKka jykafia fldfid,a rc;=udg f f,dalfha

isk mqo.
a ,hka by; lajQ m j. i;rlg fnh yels
nj jod< fial ^wx.=;a;r ksldfha p;=lal ksmd;h&'7

mqoa.,hka iodpdrh wkqj fjkia f' tla tla mqoa.,hdf.a
iodpdrd;aul hqKqj fndfyda g tl iudk fkdf' iodpdrh uq,a
lrf.k mqoa.,hka j. lrk ;j;a l%uhla ksidf.a iudc phdj
ms<sn|j wjOdrKh lrhs ^fnKavdr iy wka wh" 2004' ms' 75&'
1' w;a;ka;m
-

2' mrka;m
-

3' w;a;ka;m - mrka;m -

;udgu ysyer lr .kakd mdmS

phdj we;a;d'
wkqkag jo ysyer muqKqjk
;eke;a;d'
;udg;a wkqkag;a hk
fomCIhgu ysyerhla jk
;eke;a;d'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

4' fkj;a;ka;m kmrka;m -

37

;ukag fyda wkqkag johla

fkdjk ;eke;a;d' nqjreka
ry;=ka - fn!oaOhka fuhska
woyia f'

mqoa.,hka iodpdr oDIah wkqjo fjkia jkq we;' ishu
mqoa.,hkag ;h ms<sn| tlu u;hla fyda oYk m:hla olakg
ke;' ksidf.a iodpdr oDIah mok lr .kska ksiqka j.
;=klg fnfoa' 8
1' wkaO - weia fkdfmfkk mqoa.,hdhs' fuu mqoa.,hd nqka
jod< Ouh ms<sfkd.kshs' wd.l phdjla iodpdrhla ^hym;a&
ke;' we;af;a Ia.=Khkaf.ka hq;= wdfhda.H ^;ukag;a iudchg;a&
phdjls' fuf,dj hqKqjla .ek fkdis;k mqoa.,fhls'
2' talplaLq - j;a jk ld,h ;=< Wmu hqKqjla ,nd .ekSug
l%shdlrk mqoa.,fhls' mrf,dj fyda mrf,dj hqKqjla .ek fuu
mqoa.,hd fkdis;hs' fuf,dj fN!;sl hqKqj .ek is;d jev lrkq
we;' wdOHd;al hqKqj fkd;lkq we;'
3' oaplaLq - fuu mqoa.,hd fuf,dj hqKqj .eko mrf,dj
hqKqj .eko is;hs' ta i|yd lghq;= lrhs' fN!;sl ixjOkh o
wdOHd;al ixjOkho hk oa;ajhu fuu mqoa.,hd ,nd .kshs'
iodpdr imkak hqKq ksfils'9

ksidg wfkal O jQ wdYdjka we;' ksiqka O is;=
me;= we;s O yeS we;s msils' ksid ;DIaKdfjka n; jQ
i;a;ajfhls'10 kdu yd rEm ^is; iy lh& hk oa;ajfhka ksid
iuka;hs'

ksiqka j,dl=j,g Wmud l< .%yhla wx.=;a;r ksldfha
p;=lal ksmdf;a mGu j,dyl iQ;%fhys i|yka f' tys,d j<dl=
j. 4 la we;s nj;a ksiqkao j. 4 la we;s nj;a laf' j<dl=
j. y;r my; laf'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

38

1' f.drjhs" fkdjiS

2' fkdf.drjhs" jishs
3' fkdf.drjhs" fkdjiS
4' f.drjhs" jiS11

ksiqka j. 4 fufiah (
1' l;d lr;s" jev fkdlr;s ( f j.hg wh;a mqoa.,fhla
O jev .ek l;d lrhs" wka whg m%ldY lrhs" lhsjdre .ihs"
fndre fmdfrdka fohs" tfy;a jev fkdlrhs'
2' l;d fkdlr;s" jev lr;s ( f j.hg wh;a mqoa.,hd l;d
fkdlrhs" lhsjdre fkd.ihs" m%isoafha m%ldY fkdlrhs' tfy;a jev
fydka lrhs' ish j.lS ksis f,i bgq lrka wm%isoafha fujeks
mqoa.,hd jev lrhs'
3' l;d fkdlr;s " jev fkdlr;s ( f j.hg wh;a
mqoa.,hd l;d lrkafka;a jev lrkafka;a ke;' yhg lsue .s,mq
lsUqf,la fuks' ish j.lS bgqlrk nj m%ldY lrkafka;a ke;'
bgq lrkafka;a ke;'
4' l;d lr;s" jev lr;s ( f j.hg wh;a mqoa.,hd l;d lrhs"
m%isoahla ish jevj,g fohs" tf,iu lshmq jev bgq lrhs'

f.dkqka n ksiaiq isk njo nqrcdKka jykafia jod<
fial' wx.=;a;r ksldfha p;=lal ksmd;fha f;jk mKaKdilfha
j,dyl j.fha n,sjoao iQ;%fha .jhka i;r fofkla ms<sn| .%y
flf'
1' i.jpKafvd fkda mr.jpKafvda ^;ukaf.a /f,a f.dkqkag

wksk tfy;a msg f.dkqka iu hy&

2' mr.jpKafvda fkda i.jpKafvda ^msg f.dkqkag wksk

;ukaf.a /f,a f.dkqka iu hy&

3' i.jpKafvda p mr.jpKafvda ^;ukaf.a /f,a f.dkqkag o

msg f.dkqkag o wksk&

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

39

4' fkaj i.jpKafvda fkda mrNjpKafvda ^;ukaf.a /f,a

f.dkqka iu.;a msg f.dkqka iu.;a hy& 12

f f.dkqka i;r fokd fuka ksiqka j. i;rla o olakg
,ef' tk"
1' ;u mjqf,a whg wys;j;a wka whg ys;j;a ( ;u Ndhdjg
$
iajd mqreIhdg" orejkg" foudmshkg iy {d;Skag
Tyq $
weh ys;j;alula fkdolajhs" h .kajhs" ysxid lrhs'
tfy;a
msg whg Tyq $ weh ys;j;a fjhs" Wmldr lrhs" ysxid
fkdlrhs"
.egq we;s fkdlrhs'
2' ;u mjqf,a whg ys;j;a wka whg wys;j;a ( ;u mjqf,a
whg
ys;j;al mdhs" Wo lrhs" hqKj
q g lghq;= lrhs" tfy;a

msgia;r mqoa.,hkag Tyq $ weh wys;j;a fjhs" Wmldr

fkdlrhs" ysxid lrhs" .egq we;s lrhs'
3' ;u mjqf,a whg;a msg whg;a wys;j;a ( ish fokdgu fujeks
mqo.
a ,fhla lror lrhs" ysxid lrhs" myr fohs" wys;j;aj

yeisfrhs'
4' ;u mjqf,a whg;a msg whg;a ys;j;a ( fujeks mqoa.,hd

fY%aIaG mqoa.,fhls' Tyq $ weh f.ka mjqf,a whg fukau
wka
ish msgia;r fokdgu o isjkqfha hym;ls" jdishls"

m% f hda c khls ' .u fyda wdh;kh fuu mq o a . ,hd ks i d
nenf<hs'

by; .%yhka Tn ksjerj jgyd.;af;ys k ksid
ms<sn| fyd| wjfndaOhla Tn ;=< we;' cd;s" l=, iy jK wkqj
ksid j. fkdlrk nj Tn okafkysh' tfy;a mqoa., is;=,s
iy l%shd wkqj O j.fha mqoa.,fhda is;s' kdhlhl= jYfhka
Tnf.a wkq.dlhka inkaOfhkao by; i|yka l< j.SlrKhka
wod< f' ula ksido h;a wkq.dlfhda o ksiqka jk neks' ksid
ms<sn| h:d wjfndaOh ksid .egq wjulr ke;fyd;a ;=rka lr

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

40

wkq.dlhkaf.a Wmu iyfhda.h ,ndf.k mrud: uqkam;a lr

.ekSu i|yd kdhlhd lghq;= l< hq;=h' Tn ish fokdf.au h:d
iajNdjh uekka wjfndaO lr f.k Tjqkg kdhl;ajh h hq;=h'
ksiqka ms<sn| h:d wjfndaOhla we;s kdhlhd (

) ish wkq.dlfhl= lKavdhf mrud: bgqlr .ekSug lghq;=

fkdlrk g CIsma; uyd Yd, .egjla f,ig th
fkdolshs'

) wkq.dlfhl= wka wkq.dlhkg ndOd lrk g ta i|yd

nqoau;aj ish,a,u ms<s.; yels iula lrd hdug lghq;=
lrhs'

) ishu wkq.dlhka tl iudkj odhl;ajhla jev fkdlrk

nj jgyd .kshs' iEu fokl=u mrudoYShj jev fkdlsu

ksid fkdl,lsfrhs" wffOhu;a fkdfjhs'
) wfmaCIs; odhl;ajh fkdfok wh jgydf.k Tjqkaf.ka

lsish fyda jeo.;a odhl;ajhla ,nd .ekSug lghq;=
lsug
fjr orhs'

wdl,amhla hkqfjka woyia jkafka h mqoa.,fhla fyda
h fohla ms<sn| Tn ;=< mj;sk we.hSuhs' ke;fyd;a u;hhs'
kdhlhl= iska wksjdhfhkau ish wkq.dlhka ms<sn| hym;a
ke;fyd;a Okd;aul wdl,amhla h hq;=j ;sf' wkq.dlhka
ms<sn| RKd;aul wdl,amhla kdhlhdg mj;sk g ish lKavdh
mrud: bgqlr .ekSug fkdyels jkq we;' ienE kdhlhd (
^w& wkq.dlhka hkq ksiqka msila nj jgyd .kshs'
^wd& ta wkqj wkq.dlhka ms<sn| Yajdihla cks; lr .kshs'
^we& wkq.dlhka ms<sn| Okd;aulj yshs'
^wE& wkq.dlhka flfrys rel;ajhla ^leue;a;la& we;s lr

.kshs'
^b& wkq.dlhkaj ksjer idjg ^Odl" kdhl;aj

mrud:j,g& fhduq lru i|yd keUqrejla cks; lr
.kshs'

41

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

ienE kdhlhdf.a hym;a wdl,amh hkafkka woyia jkafka
by; i|yka l< fohhs' hym;a wdl,amh hym;a phdjg fya;=
fjhs' tg wkq.dlhkaf.a iyfhda.h je kdhl;aj mrud:
bgq u isjkq we;' fuh my; rEmfhka fmkajkq ,ef'

hym;a wdl,amh
^ksid ms<sn|&

hym;a
phdj

wkq.dlhkaf.a
iyfhda.h

kdhl;aj
mrud:
bgqlsu

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

42

05 mfoh

hym;a p;h ( ioa.=Khka

mq o a . , p;h hkq mq o a . ,hl= f .a .;s ,CIKh' Tyq f .a
fyda wehf.a .;s.K
= j, iajNdjhhs' Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a iodpdrd;aul
iy rdpdrd;aul iajNdjhhs' hym;a p;h (Good Character)
hkq .=Khym;aluhs" ye njhs" iqp;hhs' whym;a p;h (Bad
Character) hkq rdpdrhhs" Iap;hhs'

fuys,d wjOdrKh l< hq;= mo folls' tk ioa.=Kh

(Virtue) iy wioa.=Kh (Vice)' ioa.=Kh hkq fyd| mqreoaols' ;udg;a

wka whg;a fi;la jk hym;a .;s .=Khls ^.;s ,CIKhls&' bjiSu

ioa.=Khls' wjxllu ioa.=Khls' wioa.=Khla hkq krl mqreoaols"
jrols' ke;fyd;a ;udg;a wka whg;a whym;la jk .;s ,CIKhls'1
fldamh wioa.=Khls' BIHdj wioa.=Khls' ioa.=Khka Tn ;=<
cks; lr.; hq;= w;r tajd by<gu jOkh lr .; hq;=h'2
wioa.K
= hka Tn flfrka wju l< hq;= w;r yels k imQKfhkau
;=rka l< hq;=h'

f wkq j wioa . = K hka fkdue;s j ioa . = K hka Wmu
m%udKfhka mj;sk p; iajNdjh b;du hym;a p;hla f,i
yekaf' tk iodpdrd;aulNdjfha YsIag;djhs' fuu YsIag;djg

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

43

Tn kdhlhl= jYfhka m;a h hq;h

= " <d h hq;h
= ' th Ialr fohla
jqj o l< yelalls' ta i|yd wIaGdkYS,sj W;aidy .kq uek'

iqp;h jeo.;a jkafka wehs@ iqp;fhka ieugu is
jkqfha hym;ls" jdishls' wksjdhfhkau wjdishla fyda jrola
fyda is fkdf' Tng;a" wka whg;a" wod< wdh;khg;a iuia;hla
jYfhka rgg;a isjkqfha hym;ls' iqp;h jQ l,S ukqIHfhl= ;=<
we;s wj jQ $ mqnq jQ jHuh .;shhs' th lsis fidrl=g fidrd.;
fkdyelsh' tys wdrCIdj i|yd wuq;= m%h;akhla h hq;= ke;'
wOHdmkfha uQ,sl mrud:hls iqp;h jOkh lsu'

iqp;fhka hq;=j mqoa.,hl= tla ojila j;au Iap;fhka
hq;=j wjqre ishhla j;aug jvd jkd nj nqrcdKka jykafia
jod< fial' ;,amd, YS,jxY ysfhda ^2001" ms' 7& p;fhys ^hym;a&
jeo.;alu fufia wjOdrKh lr;s'

zzYla;Ska w;r p; Yla;sh m%Odk f' ldh {dk Yla;Ska
we;;a hful=g p; Yla;sh ke;ak Tyq Tyqgu i;=frls' Tyqf.
ka Tyqg;a rgg;a uy;a m;lau isjkafkahZZ'

iudchl Ia.;sj,ska hq;= whym;a p;h mj;S k buy;a
wjdisj,g iudchg uqyqK ug isjkq we;' iudchl ioa.;sj,ska
hq;a hym;a p;h mj;S k buy;a jdis /ila iudchg ,efnkq
we;' my; ksrEmKfhka iudcfha whym;a p;h lrk fldgf.k
we;s jk m%;sM,hka o iudcfha hym;a p;h lrk fldgf.k
we;sjk m%;sM,hka o laf'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

44

iudcfha Iap;h ksid

we;sjk m%;smdl
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
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)
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)
)
)
)
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fndfyda kS;sfrda Wm;a

fndfyda ish kid.ekS
fndfyda kSuere
fndfyda m%pKav;d
fndfyda wmrdO
fndfyda isr.; ls
wdpdrfrda ;SrK .ekSu
msfyk ldl M,odhs;dj
wldhCIu;dj
wkdrCIs; ia:dk
ldl fkdikaiqka;dj
IKh iy w.;s.d {d;s
ix.%yh
f,!lsl;ajh
iqLmru jdoh
^iem u i|ydu&
iqkau
wiunr ;h
wmlS;sh
frda.S nj
.Slu
tla tla mqo.
a ,hkaf.a wiudk
hqKqj

iudcfha iqp;h ksid

we;sjk m%;smdl
fndfyda kS;Hdkql+, Wm;a
fndfyda iajNdl urK
fndfyda iqj ls
fndfyda iduh
wmrdO ke;' ke;fyd;a wvqh
isr.; ls ke;
wdpdrimkak ;SrK .ekSu
jOkh jk ldl M,odhs;dj
ldhCIu;dj
iqrCIs; ia:dk
ldl iduh
idOdrK;ajh iy w.;s.d;ajh
fkdue;su
Odl;ajh
wdOHd;al;ajh
hqKqj
iunr ;h
hfidardjh ^lS;skduh&
ksfrda.S nj
iuDoah
ish mqoa.,hkaf.a iuld,Sk
hqKqj

my; i|yka ioa.=Khka ms<sn| ie,lsh hq;= .%yhla Tng
wms bm;a lrkafkuq'
(Honesty)

1' wjxllu

2' bjiSu
(Patience)

3' lD;{;dj
(Gratitude)

45

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

4' ksy;udkSlu
5' .re lsu
6' is,aj;alu

(Humility)
(Respect)
(Piousness)5

uq , s k a i|yka lrk ,o ioa . = K hka fol ms < s n | fuu
mfofha .%y flf' b;sh ms<sn| .%yhla B< mfofha
bm;a flf'

wjxllu

wjxllu hkq i;Hjd f .=Khhs' i;Hhg .re lr uqidnia fofuka je<lSuhs' RcqNdjh6 kkao wjxlNdjh ykajkq
,ef' hula ms<sn| Tn wjxl k Tn ta ms<sn| imQKfhkau i;H
m%ldY lrkafkys" lsisjla ijkafka ke;af;ys' hula inkaOfhka
^mqoa.,fhla" fohla" isoahla hkd& Tn lshk foa iy lrk foa w;r
mr;rhla we;ak Tn jxl mqoa.,fhls' wjxlluys reoaO ;;a;ajh
jxpksl uhs' wjxllu keue;s ioa.=Kfhys uQ,sldx. folls'
1' i;Hh lSu fyj;a fndre fkdlSu' fuh m[ap iS,fhys
tk
isjk YsCId mohhs'7
2' i;Hfhys msy
s u' ka woyia jkafka fok ,o fmdfrdkaj

lv fkdlsuhs'

wjxllu fkdue;s fuka wka wh Tn flfrys ;enQ Yajdih lvf' kj Yajdihla cks; jkafka ke;' zfndreldrfhl=Z
jYfhka kskaod lrkq we;' tg fndfyda wh Tnf.ka wE;a hkq
we;' Tn ;ksug we;s bvlv fndfyda jeh'

wjxllu fkdue;s g O wys;lr ;;a;ajhkg uqyqK
ug isf' jxllu ksid fndre lSu" fndre idCIs u" fndre nia
lshd wkqka rjgd ,dN m%fhdack .ekSu lsh yelsh' fjd ji,
.;s jYfhka nqrcdKka jykafia ji, iQ;%fhys foaYkd l<y'8
jxl mqoa.,hd fhka j;a fjhs" iudcfhka fpdaokd ,nhs" .eryq
,nhs' fndre lshkakd h we;a;la m%ldY l<o th ms<s.ekSug ,la
fkdf'

46

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

wjxlNdjh we;s mqoa.,hdf.a jpkh;a" l%shdj;a w;frys
fjkila ke;' hula m%ldY lrkafkao th lsu;a hula lrkafkao
th m%ldY lsu;a wjxl mqoa.,hd ;=< olakg ,ef' fuh h:djd
;:dld yd h:dld ;:djd .=Kh kka yekaf' ienekau
nqrcdKka jykafia h:djd ;:dld jQy"9 h:dld ;:djd jQy'
fuu .=Kh we;s mqoa.,hd iudcfhka fpdaokd fkd,nhs" m%Yxid
,nhs" .re;ajh yd Yajdih ,nhs'

flfkl= fndre lshkafka wehs@ ;udg jdishla ,nd .ekSug"
;u ys;jf;l=g jdishla ,ndug" ;udg ish yels wjdishla
uyrjd .ekSug" ;u ys;j;l=g ish yels wjdishla uyrjd
.ekSug" lsif
s jl=g fndre fpdaokd fldg wjdishla wk:hla lsug"
yq fkdaoh i|yd hkd O fya;= lrk fldg f.k ksii
a q fndre
lsh;s' fndre lSu mj;S' f Njfhau fndfyda g fndrej fy<s
o~qj ,ef' tfia ke;ak u;= Njhl ksYa; jYfhkau wys;lr
mdl f.k foa'10

Tn wjxl h hq;af;a wka whg muKla fkdf' Tn Tngo
wjxl ^Rcq& h hq;=h' Tf isf;ys we;s woyi ijd f.k jpkfhka fyda l%shdfjka fyda fjk hula lSu fyda lsu Tn Tngu
lr.kakd jQ jxpdjls' Tng wkqkaj /jug mqjka h yelsh'
tfy;a lsisfgl Tf yDo idCIsh /jug Tng yelshdjla ke;'
jxl mqoa.,hdg l< fkdyels mdmhla ke;ehs laf' tla fndrejla
jeiSug ;j fndre rdYshla lSug ish yelsh' fndrej ksid ieuod
ieflka" fhka j;aug isf'

wo wm rfgys jxpdj iy IKh ms<sn| mqj;a ks;r wikakg
,ef' jfrl wm rg Is; rgla f,i cd;Hka;r mfhaIK
wdh;khla iska m%ldYhg m;afldg ;snqKs' Is; iy jxpksl
kdhlhka nyq,j fjfik rgla jYfhka Y%S ,xldj ykajd we;'
th w;sYhskau lK.dgqjg lreKls' fndrej $ jxpdj O whqfrka
isf' wdldr lsysmhla my; laf'

1' fndre ho fmkajd ^fndre jjqpr fhdod& tu uqo,a .id

lEu'
2' fndre jHdc iy;sl fmkajd O ;k;=rej,g m;au'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

47

3' jHdc iy;sl bm;afldg O ys;;%dkag ;k;=re iy

jdis ,ndu'
4' O fya;= fyda ,sh,s bm;afldg fmd foam< Nd;

lsu ^wh:d f,i&'

5' l< jxpd jid .ekSu msKsi O f.,a weo nEu'

6' fndre fpdaokd bm;afldg ;udf.a ;rlrejkag ^Wiiaula

i|yd fyda ue;sjrK chla i|yd fyda hkd jYfhka& wmydi

lsu'

7' wdKavqj fyda wdh;kh fjkqfjka wl ,la hgf;a O

j;al , f.k thska fldia uqo,la ,nd .ekSu'

8' ;u ys;j;=kag fldka;%d;a jev ndr O ;Hd. ,nd

.ekSu'
9' wmrdO isfldg thska fu i|yd ^kS;sh yuqf& O

,shlsh,s fjkia lsu' jer jd;d ksudKh lsu

^m.dfuka fyda ys;j;al n,mqjkaldrl Nd;fhka&'
10' i;H jika lsu i|yd O n,mE fldg fndre udOH

jd;djka m%isoaO lsu' jHdc o;a; iemhSu'
wj isoah ( l%Svd mshla ;ekSu

lrf mam;a .udkhl mdi,lg l%Svd mshla ;ekSu i|yd wod<

rcfha ks,Odka iska remsh,a ,CI myla ^tl, - 2002 muK&
weia;fka;j
= la ms<f
s h, lrk ,' tu m%foaYfha NsCIQka jykafia kula
bm;a wod< weu;s;u
= ka iu idlPd fldg remsh,a ,CIhla b,a,d
.;af;ah' wk;=rej Wkajykafia ish YajdiS iud. follska fvdai
^hrdf.a ffoksl f;kh iy jdykhg f;,a fok fmdfrdka
msg& folla imhdf.k .uqkag yd mdie,a <uhskag lreKq myod
Tjqkaf.a iydh we;sj i;s ;=klska muK ukd l%Svdx.khla ms<sfh,
l<y' hou remsh,a ;siaoyilg;a wvqh' Wkajykafia lreKq okajd
b;s uqo, wud;HdxYhg wdmiq kay' fuu NsCIQka jykafia Wiia
hehs is;kjqkaf.a .ydjg ,la jQy' tfy;a fndfyda fokdf.a buy;a
f.!rjhg Wkajykafia m;a jQy'
uQ,dY%h ( y.a.uqf is r;kd,xldr ia:r" 2003" msms' 16-17

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

48

wjxllu jOkh lsu i|yd .; yels l%shdud. my; laf'

1' fndre lSfuys wdkj fufkys fldg thska je<lSug

wIaGdk lr .ekSu'

2' h:djd ;:dld .=Kfhys w;sYh jeo.;alu wjfndaO

lr.ekSu'

3' fmdfrdkajla ug m%:u tu fmdfrdkaj bgq l< yelso

keoao hkak uekka wOHhkh lsu' tfia fldg l<

yels k muKla tu fmdfrdkaj u'
4' ;udg l< yels foa muKla lSu' mqyqudkakfhka wkaO

wkqlrK rgdjlg l< fkdyels foa lSfuka je<lsh hq;=h'

f i|yd ;udf.a Yla;Ska iy j,;d fydka wOHhkh

l< hq;=h'

5' u;lfhka ^;udf.a u;lh wvudk k& l:d fkdlr

wjYH uQ,dY% ^fmd;am;a hkdh& mYS,kfhka l:d lsu
iy m%ldY ksl=;a lsu'
6' Tnf.a iy wka whf.a ke;s .=K mejiSj,ska je<lSu'
7' jrola isjqjfyd;a th ms<s.ekSu'

8' ;ud hula fkdokafka k ta nj jgydf.k ksy~ u'

fndre lSug jvd ksy~ u fnfykau fyd|h'
9' wvudkfhka hula m%ldY lsug is ;sf k ^o;a;

fkdue;s u fyda ld,h fkdue;s u fyda fjk;a

fya;=jla ksid& ta nj wid isk whg m%ldY lsu'
10' Tnf.a wjxllu keue;s ioa.=Kh fld;r m%udKhlg

weoao hkak ksYaph lrkak' ta i|yd my; oYlh Nd;hg
.kak' tys lafjk phd wkq.ukh lrkak'

49

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

oYlh 2 ( wjxllu
whs;uh

fnfykau tl uOHia:hs tl
tl fj fj
fkdfj

fnfykau
tl
fkdf

1' ug i;Hh jika lsu

b;d Ialr ldhhls'
2' fndre lSf is;la ud
;=< ke;'
3' wka wh udj Yajdi
lr;s'
4' uu wka whj fkdrjg'
5' uu fidrl fkdlr'
6' is;du;d uu lsisfjl=
jer ud.fha
fkdhjkafk'
7' ksjer f,i w;S;
ldrKd jd;d lsug
uu mqre iskafk'

8' wka wh l=ula lSjo uu

ksjer foh lr'
9' uu fmdfrdka bgq lr'
10' wka wh w;r lemS fmkSu
i|yd wuq;= W;aidyhla
uu fkd.ks" ujdmEula
fkdlr'

,l=Kq lsfuka miqj my; i|yka j.=j wdOdrfhka Tf
,l=Kq m%udKh ksYaph lrkak' miqj fok ,o w: ksrEmkh wkqj
Tnf.a wjxllf ;ru ksYaph lrkak' Tn Tngu wjxl wvqmdvq
ilia lr .kak'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

50
whs;uh

fnfykau
tl fj

1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
10'

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

w: ksrEmKh ( ,l=Kq

tl uOHia:hs
tl
fj
fkdfj

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

10 - 18
18'1 - 26
26'1 - 34
34'1 - 42
42'1 - 50

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

}
}
}
}
}

fnfykau
tl fkdf

2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1

fnfykau jxlhs
jxlhs
uOHia:hs
wjxlhs
fnfykau wjxlhs

fn!oaO cd;l isoah ( frdau cd;lh

hg.sh oji nrKeia kqjr n%yauo;a; k rc flfkla rcl
lrk iufha fndai;a;ajhka jykafia mfrhkag kdhlj
iQy' ta mfrhka jikakd jQ jkh winv tla ;dmi flfkla
jdih lf<ah' ta ;dmihka yuqjg km;d hk mfr iuQyhd
Wkajykafiag imj je| kuialdr fldg hkakdy' l,lg
miq tu ;dmi;=ud wE; m%foaYhlg jefha h' ysia jQ mkai,
wh;a lr.;a tla ;jqfila tys jdih lrkakg h' fndai;a;j
a
mfrhd;a msi;a fmr tys iQ ;dmijrekag l<d fiau Tyq
yuqjg f.dia je| mqod mkai,a uf ksoyfia .ejiS f.dre
ld .sfhdah' l,la .sh miq kla Wmdiljre tla uia j.hla
rig Whd ;jqidg oka fia ms<s.ekajQy' uia j<|k .uka Tyq
zzWmdilhsks f ljr uilaZZhs weiQ g th mfr uia nj
TjQyq lSy' mfr uia .ek .scq njla Wmojd .;a ;dmifhda
Wmdilhka ,jd ia Kq yd fjk;a uia msiSug .kakd iQre"
b=re wd l=nvq j. f.kajd mkaif,a ijd ;enqfh'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

uia bug wjYH ish l<ukd ilid ;enQ ;dmihd

fmd,a,la f.k ;u ;jqia weug hka ijdf.k mfrhka
tk fmru n,d Wkafkah' ta fudfydf;a fndai;a mfrhd
;u msi msjrdf.k wdrdu N+hg neiafiah' ;dmihdf.a
yeisf l=ula fyda wuq;a;la we;ehs jgyd .;a mfr
kdhlhd Tyqg lsgq fkd h iq<g f.dia bj we,a,Sh'
W!g ;dmihd mfr uia wkqNj fldg isk nj kqKs' f
;dmihd mfr uia ld ta rig f,d,aj wm urd lEug iQodkka iskafka hhs ksjerj wkqudk l< kdhl mfrhd
ta nj ;u msig;a lshd wdrdu N+fha wE;g f.dia" f.dre
lkakd fia yeiqreKy'
f gq ;dmihd f mfrfhda wo ud <g fkdt;s' lreKq
lshd rjgd <g f.kajd f.k urd .kshs is;d" zzmfrhks"
fjkod kqU,d <x uf.a wf;a jQ f.dre mjd .;a;d fkdfo@ wo ud <g fkdtkafka ukao@ ud fjk;a ;dmihl=
fia jrojd .;a ksido@ fkdtfia k kqU,d fjk;a mfr
?klao@ZZ wd fkdfhla l;d lSh' tnia weiQ fndai;a mfrhd
zz;dmih" kqU fjk;a ;jqfil=;a fkdfjhs' wms fjk;a mfr
msil=;a fkdfjhs' kqU bkakd bhj lla iel iys;h'
wms <g fkdtkafka ta ksihsZZ hkqfjka mCIdfjka hq;=j
lSh' ;dmihd uf.a ie,eiau f mfrhkag kS we;' tfia
jqj;a l< yels wka;su wdhdih;a .kshs is;d" ijdf.k
is fmd,a, f.k mfrhkag oud .eiSh' iQodkka is
mfrfhda tu myr u yefhdah' zzwdya ! uqkag ud .eiQ
fmd mdr;a jerKd fkaZZhs ;dmihdg bfu lshejqKs' ta
weiQ mfr kdhlhd zz;dmihdfKks" fmd mdr jerK;a"
kqU i;r wmdfha jefgk tl k jerfKa ke;' kqU ;j;a
fu;ek isfhd;a uu f ish,a, Wmdiljrekag lsh' kqf
kshu iajNdjh;a lshd fo' jydu fu;ekska bj;aj hkqZZhs
mejiqfh' ;dmihd ta mfr rxpqj n,d ishu ,ecdfjka
lrndf.k mkai, w;ayer hkakg .sfhah'

51

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

52

nqrcdKka jykafia" zzuyfKks" tiufhys tu mfr uig

f,d,a jQ ;dmihd f foajo;a; ia:rfhdah' ta wdrdufhys l,ska
iQ ;dmihdfKda iehq;a ia:rh' kdhl mfrhdj isfha ka
nqoaO;ajhg m;aj isk u u fZZ hs w;S; l;dj iy j;udk
l;dj .<md la jQ fial'

uQ,dY%h( rKr" 2004" msms' 186-18811

fuu cd;l l;dfjka Tng mKsjqv lsysmhla f.k foa' tajd
k (
1' jxpd lsu .ska .gu l< fkdyelsh'
2' kqjK we;s mqoa.,hl=j /jh fkdyelsh'
3' jxl mqoa.,hdg ;ud iska nqla;s ka is iem myiql
o
wys u'

bjiSu

bjiSu hkq ikaiqkaj l,n, fkd l=ms; fkd hula ord
isuhs' bjiSu jkdys wkHhka wdfl%daY lrk l,ays jO nkaOkdfhka la fok l,ays" Tjqka flfrys fjfyilg fkdmefKk"
fkdlsfmk" reoaOj l%shd fkdlrk iajNdjhhs ^f.d.uqf fidar; ia:r" 2008" ms' 257&' bjiSu hkakg l,am jpkhla jkqfha
laIdka;s12 hkakh' YSf;daIaK folska jk mSvd o id.skak msmdih
f,v wdfhka jk lao" ukqIH ;sriakdka ksid jkakd jQ mSvd o"
Tjqka iska lrk mSvdo" bjiSu zlaIdka;sZ kka ksjpkh flf
^freldfka pkaou, uydia:r" 2008" ms' 217&' f wkqj iajNdl
jYfhka mefKk Ialr;d o i;=ka iy ksiqkaf.ka mefKk
Ialr;d yd mSvd o | ord .ekSu bjiSu hkafkka woyia f'13

ienE bjiSu jQ l,S b;d jeo.;a ioa.=Khls' my; i|yka foa
ienE bjiSug wh;a f'
^w& ys;du;dj fyda wjfndaOhlska f;drj ksidf.ka isjk

;dvk mSvk | ord .ekSu'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

53

^wd& iajNdl ^foaY.=Ksl ld,.=Ksl ;;a;ajhka ksid&

Wmjhkaj,g uqyqK u ^wmyiqjlska fyda&'
^we& fldam " reoaO m%;spdr la" m,s .ekS hkdh is

fkdlsu'
^wE& Ialr;d ksid ;ud iska fuf;la lr f.k hk ,o
ldhhka
k;r fkdlr lrf.k hdu'
^b& h fokdjla we;ak th ;ksju | ord .ekSu'

hfula YS;h yd WIaKh o" id.skak o" msmdidj o" ueis
urejkaf.a mSvd o" w iq<x o" imhkaf.a oIag ls o" fkdukd
l:d o" Yrfha yg.kakd fokd o" bjid k ta ;eke;a;d bjik
;eke;a;d hhs nqkajykafia foaYkd lr we; ^freldfka pkaou,
uydia:r" 2008" ms' 218&'

kdhlhl= jYfhka Tng;a" Tnf.a wkq.dlhkag;a" Tnf.a
fm!oa.,sl Okhg;a" fmd Okhg;a wka wh iska lrkq ,nk
w,dN ydks bjid ord .ekSu b;d Wiia .=Khla jYfhka fn!oaO
Oufha W.ekaf' w,dN ydks wju lr .ekSug Tn l%shd fkdl<
hq;= nj ka woyia fkdf' ka woyia jkafka kg is we;s ydks
inkaOj wka whf.ka m,s .ekSu fkdl< hq;= njhs' tfia lsfuka
Tng lsis hym;la is fkdf' ienekau whym;lau isf' m,s
.ekSu i|yd Tng lsish ld,hla" Y%uhla iy iuyr g uqo,la
jeh lsug isjkq we;' tfiau tu l%shdjka ksid jvd oreKq m%;sl%shd
Tn fj; <d ug bv we;' wka wh Tnf.ka fmr,d m,s .ekSug
lghq;= lsu ksidfjks'

la bjiSu fof,da hqKqj f.k fok ux., lreKla nj wm
nqrcdKka jykafia jod< fial' bjiSf .=Kh W;= nqoaO;ajh mjd
,nd ug bjy,a jk ioa.=Khls' thska Tng kdYh fyda ;jrg;a
.egqj, ysru fyda is fkdf' isjkqfha Tng iekiSu (Consolation) Woduhs' zzbjiSfuka iekiSu ,efZZ hk wdmaf;damfoaYh
Tn fndfydag wid we;' bjiSf hym;a m%;sM, my; rEmfhka
bm;a flf'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

54

ndysr
mirfha

iajNdl i;=ka iy
ksiqkaf.ka isjk ydks"

mSvd" lror hkdh'

iekiSu

i;=re lror fkdmeKSu

kvqyn lSug is fkdu

bjiSu





lsu

Okh /lSu

ksfrda.Slu

ld,h kdY fkdu

wka wh m%sh lsu yd .re

Tn lKavdhul fyda wdh;khl fyda kgu;a kdhl;ajhla
orK mqo.
a ,hl= k Tng tla;rd kS;u
s h n,hla we;' wkq.dlhkag
Tng fuka kS;u
s h n,h fkdue;' wkq.dlhl= w;ska isjk jrolg
fkdlsmS bjif;d;a tn bjiSu b;d jkd bjiSuls' ulaksido h;a
n,h ys mqoa.,hl= jYfhka n,h wys n,hl= w;ska isjk jer
ikaiqkaj ord isk fyhsks'

Tnf.a mh Y=kLhl= iemQ l< Tn ta Y=kLhdf.a mh imdlkafkyso@ ms<s;=r meye,sh' zke;Z hkakh' f i|yd Tng bjiSu
;sh hq;=h' fomCIhgu wk: jk m<s.ekSfuka je<lS isug Tng
fuu bjiSu keue;s ioa.=Kh bjy,a f' .egqula we;s jQ g fldamfhka" tlg tl lsfuka" m,s .ekSfuka lghq;= lsu wef<k
.skakg msre ula jeksh' Tn bjiSu m%.=K lrkafka k th
wef<k .skakg c,h oukakdla fukah'

bjiSfuka wdksYxi myla ,efnk nj nqrcdKkajykafia
jod< fial ^f.d.uqf fidar; ia:r" 2008" ms' 262&'

55

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

1'
2'
3'
4'
5'

bjik ;eke;a;d fndfyda ckhdg m%shukdm u'

;=rka nyq, u'
wmrdO nyq,fldg ke;af;la u'
isysfhka hqla;j lh lsu'
urKska u;= iq.;shl bmu'

f.d.uqf fidar; ia:rhdfKda ^2008" ms' 264& fufia
i|yka lr;s( zzh ukqIHhl= ;=< bjiSu ke;ak fyf;u kshu
ukqIHfhla fkdf' h jeo.;l= ;=< bjiSu ke;ak Tyq kshu
jeo.f;la fkdf' h mKa;hl= ;=< bjiSu ke;ak Tyq kshu
mKa;fhla fkdf' h .=Kj;l= ;=< bjiSu ke;ak Tyq kshu
.=Kjf;la fkdf' h Y%uKhl= ;=< bjiSu ke;ak fyf;f o
kshu Y%uKfhla fkdjkafkah'ZZ

f wkqj jHq;amkak jk ks.ukfhls' h kdhlhl= ;=<
bjiSu fkdue;s k Tyq fyda weh kshu kdhlhl= fkdf' Tn
uekka mCId l< fyd;a zbjiSuZ keue;s ioa.=Kh W;= .=KOu
we;slr .ekSu i|yd o n,mdk nj Tng mila jkq we;' bjiSu ksid
fldamh l<ukdlrKh l< yelsh' bjiSu iykYS,s;ajhg rel=,a
fohs' bjiSfuka f;drj YS," iud" m%{d .=KOu we;s fkdf'

bjiSu jOkh lr .kakd l%u my; i|yka f'

1' bjiSf jeo.;alu wjfndaO lr .ekSu' ta wkqj bjiSu ms<n

s |

hym;a wdl,amhla we;s lr .ekSu' tk zbjiSfuka iekiSu

,efZ hkak Yajdi lsu" th ioa.=Khla neka Okd;aulj

yeSu iy bjiSu l%shdjg kexug keUqre uhs'
2' O i;= r e n,f. mj;s k g my; m fufkys
lrkak'

zzf,dj fjfik ieugu i;=re mCIhla o we;af;ah' f,djq;r
= d

nqjre mjd thska fkdKdy' th f,daliajNdjh' ug fufia

wkqkaf.ka mSvd ,efnkafka w;S;fhys bmug fya;=jk
lu
/ia lr i;=re mSvd ,eh hq;= f f,dalfha Wmka nekah'

thg uu o jrolrefjla fjh' i;=rdu jrolre yehg

f.k Tyqg lsmu
S jrfola'ZZ ^freldfKa pkaou, uydia:r"

2008" ms' 222&

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

56

3' i;= r e mS v d mj;s k g zla I dka ; s mdr;djZ ms ug

wjia:djla
,enqKq nj is;kak' my; m fufkys
lrkak'

zzi;= r e mS v d fkdue;s k ud yg la I dka ; s mdr;dj
mqrkakg
fkdyels f' f ksid i;=rka yd mSvd ud
yg bjiSu mqre
lsug" msug wjia:djla ,nd fuka
lr we;af;a Wo lsuls'ZZ

4' zmqKafKdajdohZ wjfndaOfldg ta wkqj mq,aj is;Su m%.=K

lsu'

mqKafKdajdoh
tla ijia ld,hl wdhqIau;a mqKaK f;reka jykafia
nqrcdKkajykafia fj; t<U" ziajdks Nd.Hj;=kajykai"
uu yqfol,dj fjfika uyKo mqrkq leue;af;' ta
i|yd ug fl wjjdohla lrkq uekejeZhs ie< lf<dah'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia mqKK
a f;rKqjkag fldka oy foid
zzmqKaKh" udf.ka f fl oy foiqu wid f.k ljr
ckmohl jdih lrkafkysZhs pd< fial'
zzia j dks " iq K dmrka ; k ckmohla we;' uu tys
fjfi'ZZ
zzmqKaKh" iqKdmrka;fha ksiaiq kmqreh" bka tys ;g
nekakyq k tl,ays l=ula is;kafkyso@ZZ
zziajdks" iqKdmrka;fhda fyd| ksiaiqh' nksk kquq;a
fudjqyq ug w;ska fkd .i;sZhs is;'
zzmqKaKh" bka iqKdmrka;fhda w;ska .i;a k l=ula
is;kafkyso@ZZ

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

zziajdks" f ksiaiq fyd|h' w;ska .ik kuq;a fudjqyq ug

.,a fkd .i;sZhs is;'
zzmqKaKh" bka iqKdmrka;fhda .,a .i;a k tl,ays l=ula
is;kafkyso@ZZ
zziajdks" iqKdmrka;fhda fyd|h' .,a .i;a" uq;a fmdj,ska
fkd.i;sZhs is;kafk'
zzmqKaKh" bka iqKdmrka;fhda fmdj,ska .i;a k l=ula
is;kafkyso@ZZ
zziajdks" iqKdmrka;fhda fyd|h' fmdj,ska .i;a uq;a le;s
msyshdj,ska fkd fldg;sZhs is;'
zzmqKaKh" iqKdmrka;fhda msyshdj,ska" le;s ukakdj,ska
fldgkakdyq k l=ula is;kafkyso@ZZ
zziajdks" iqKdmrka;fhda fyd|h" fudjqyq ud fkd ur;sZ
hs is;ZZ'
zzmq K a K h" bka iq K dmrka ; fhda ;d ur;a k l= u la
is;kafkyso@ZZ
zziajdks" Yrh;a" ;h;a ms<sl=,a lrk we;e nqoaO
Y%djlfhda Yrh .ek;a" ;h .ek;a l<ls ;uka urjd
.ekSug ksiqka fidh;s' fkd fidhd u uu kSurejka
,Zhs is;'
bla;s nqrcdKka jykafia jodrK fiala zzmqKaKh" b;d
fyd|h' tn yslaula we;a;d jQ ;g iqKdmrka;fhys ish
yelsh' thg l,a okqjZhs jod< fial'

57

58

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

mqKaK f;reka jykafia tys f.dia Wmdilhka mkaishhlao"

Wmdisldjka mkaishhla o we;s fldg ;uka jykafia o i
flf,iqka kid ry;aj msksjka md jod< fial'
uQ,dY%h( freldfka pkaou, uydia:r" 2008" msms' 223224

5' zzbjiSug iSudjla we;ZZ fkdj zzbjiSug iSudjla ke;ZZ

hkak Yajdi lrkak' wd;au Yla;sh we;ak bjiSf
iSudjla
ke;' ;ud n,fhka je jqj o ;ud bjikafka k th
ienE
bjiSuhs' fuys Tn ;=< we;s wiaudkh ^zuuZ hk yeSu&

fyj;a wd;au oDIah hkak bj;a lrkak' zuuZ hk yeSu Tn

;=< yels;dla wju lr .ekSug h orkak' tg wka whf.a

ysxikhg" nek jeug Tn fkdief,kafkysh'
6' iduh iy kh we;s lsf mrud:h i|yd b;d jeo.;a

p; .=Kdx.hla jYfhka bjiSu ie,fla' Tn bjis,a,
iys; mqoa.,hl= h hq;=h' Tn m%n, mSvdld wjia:djlg uqyqK

fok g Tf Ndjhka md,kh lr .ekSug Tng yelsh

hq;= w;r ksielfhkau Tng ch ,eug fyda hg;a msfika
fndfyda krl m%;smdl uyeug yels jkq we;' we;eg

isoah olsk iuyr mqoa.,fhda ^ mSvdld wjia:df&
Tn h.=,a,l= f,i ols;s' Tn ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a ixcdkkh

^jgyd.;a ;%h& th jqj o th ksjer fkdf' i;Hh hkq

Tn bjiSu m%.=K l< whl= hkakhs' Tnf.a ksy~;dj iy

flda m h we;= wfkl= ; a Ndjhka ^m,s .ekS u hkdh&
md,kh lsu ksYa; jYfhka Tn fj; iekiSu f.k tkq ,ef'

wjidk .%yfha ch.%dylhd Tn f'
7' Tnf.a bjiSf ;ru uek ta wkqj lghq;= lrkak' bjiSu

uekSu i|yd my; oYlh Nd; lrkak'

59

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

oYlh 3 ( bjiSu

whs;uh

fnfykau tl uOHia:hs tl
tl fj fj fkdfj tl

1' l=uk ldrKhl jqj o ta

ms<sn|j meKs,s fkdlr
isug ug yelsh'
2' fndfyda Ialr fyda kSri
fohla jqj o lsug is
jqjfyd;a ta .ek lkiai
fkdfj'
3' wfkla wh wmyiq;dfjka
i,lk wjia:dj, mjd
uu wmyiq;djg
m;a fkdfj'
4' uf.a bjiSu i|yd iSudjla
;sfnk nj Yajdi lr'
5' iEu fohlau fyd| w;g
m;afh hkak ms<sn|
Yajdihla yd wfmaCIdjla
ud i;=h'
6' f,dj Ialr;d yd jer
we;s nj uu ms<s.ks'
7' jvd Ialr jQ wjia:djla
ug ms<s.; fkdyelsh'
8' wka wh ud fpkh lrk
g udf.a fldamh ug
md,kh lr.; fkdyels
;rh'
9' nrm;, lreKla
inkaOfhka jqjo
m,s.kakd
mqoa.,fhla fkdfj uu'
10' bjiSu iekiSu f.k fok
nj uu ;rfhau Yajdi
lr'

fnfykau
fkdf

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

60

Tnf.a ,l=Kq lsfuka miqj my; i|yka j.=j wdOdr lrf.k

Tf ,l=Kq m%udKh ksYaph lr.kak' miqj fok ,o w:ksrEmkh
wkqj Tnf.a bjiSf m%udKh ksYaph lr.kak' h whs;uhla i|yd
zzfnfykau tl fjZZ hkakg ,l=Kq 5la we;ak tu whs;uh
Ok phdjla jYfhka ie,lsh hq;=h' tk" th Tn iska wkq.ukh
l< hq;=h' h whs;uhla i|yd zzfnfykau tl fjZZ hkakg
,l=Kq 1 la we;ak tu whs;uh RK phdjla jk fyhska Tn
th wkq.ukh fkdl< hq;=h' wjxlju Tnf.a ;;a;ajh Tn iskau
uek bjiSu b;d by< ugug m;alr .ekSug l%shd lrkak'

whs;uh

1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
10'

fnfykau tl uOHia:hs tl fnfykau

tl fj
fj
fkdfj tl fkdf'

5
5
5
1
5
5
1
1
5
5

4
4
4
2
4
4
2
2
4
4

w: ksrEmKh ( ,l=Kq 10 - 18 }

18'1 - 26 }

26'1 - 34

34'1 - 42 }

42'1 - 50 }

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

2
2
2
4
2
2
4
4
2
2

1
1
1
5
1
1
5
5
1
1

bjiSu b;d wvqhs

bjiSu wvqhs
}
bjiSu uOHia:hs
bjiSu by<hs
bjiSu b;d by<hs

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

61

fn!oaO cd;l isoah ( lms cd;lh

tl, f.dl l< tla nuqfKla ish m,d.sh .jhka
fidhka isk g le,fha w;rux jQfh' k .Kkla
yhg lEula fkd,enqKq nuqKdg M, we;s Uq,a .ila
uqK .eiqKs' .ig ke..;a nuqKd l fj,djlg miqj tys
w;a;la le uyd m%md;hlg jegqfKah' f jkfha m,dM,
nqka fndai;ajhkajykafia jrl=j bm .uka lrk g
m%md;hg jegqKq nuqKd l uy;a jQ lreKdfjka b;d fjfyi Tyqj f.dvg .;ay' j fjfyig m;a is wm
uy fndai;dKkajykafia uola kskaog jkay' m%md;fhka
f.dv m;a nuqKd zzuqjka fuka jrd o ksiqkaf.a wdydrhls'
uQ urd uia ld u. lEug uia b;s lrf.k hZ hs is;d
Yd, .,la f.k jrdf.a ysig oud .eiqfh' .eiQ myr
ier jQfha ke;s fyhska uy fndai;dKkaf.a ysig ;=jd, jqj
o ; ydksh is fkdh' myr ier fkdjQfha k .Kkla
yhg lEula fkd,enQ ksid nuqKdf.a Yla;sh msyS ;snqKq
ksidfjks'
uy fndai;dfKda wjj ;ud jf,ka f.dv .;a ksid ;udg
.,lska myr ka nj jgyd .;ay' fndai;dKkaf.a ysi me,S
thska rerh .,d yef,kakg h' ish,a, ordf.k uyd
lreKdfjka mldr nuqKdg ;jrg;a Wojq lsug ;SrKh
lr uy fndai;dfKda .iska .ig f.dia ksjerj u. fidhd
.ekSug yelsjkq msKsi nuqKdg ish .ug hdug u fmkajQy' mldr nuqKdg ish ksjig hdug yels jqj o miqj
oreKq l=Iag frda.hla je< jir i;la thska la | Tyq
h .sfhah'14

Wla; cd;l l:dfjka wm uy fndai;dfKdaf.a bjiSf .=Kh
fudkjg meye,s f' wmg o f whqka bjiSf .=Kh jOkh
lr .ekSug yels h hq;=h' th ukqIHfhl=g l< yels fohls'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

62

06 mfoh

ioa.=Khka

miq.h
s mfofha wjxllu iy bjiSu hk ioa.K
= hka fol
ms<sn| ie,lsh hq;= .%yhla bm;a lrk ,' fuu mfofha
lD;{;dj" ksy;udkSlu" .re lsu iy is,j
a ;alu keu;s ioa.K
= hka
.%y flf'

lD;{;dj

lD;{;dj hkq l<.=K ie,lSuhs' lD;f;ajh" l<.=Kh
iy flf<ys.=K ie,lSu hk l,am moj,ska o fuu ioa.=Kh
yekaf' h mqoa.,fhl= iska Tng Wmldr l< g tu mqoa.,hdg
wjYH jQ g fyda miqj Tn iska Wmldr lrkq ,eu lD;{;dj
hkafkka woyia f' 1 Tng l< fyd| foag Tn Tyqg$wehg fyd|la
lsu l<.=Khhs'

f.d.uqf fidar; ia:r" ^2008" ms' 236& g wkqj" ;uyg
wkHhl= l< iaj,am jQ o Wmldrh wu;l fkdfldg" Tyq ug lf<a
l=ulahs lshd l< Wmldrh fkduld" th iEu l,ays is;ays ;nd" iqiq
wjia:djla meKs l< ;ud o ta fjkqfjka m%;Hqmldr lsu" flf<ys
.=K ie,lSu k f' nqrcdKkajykafia iska f,djg fmkajd fok
,o m%:u wdoYh ke;fyd;a .=Kh jkqfha lD;{;djhhs ^wksi
f,dapk mQcdfjka - nqoaO;ajh ,eug Wmldr l< fndah foi

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

63

weismsh fkdfy<d i;a i;shla n,d isu&'2 Wkajykafia iska fuu

ioa.=Kh flfkl=f.a fuf,dj fukau mrf,dj hqKqjg fya;=jk
nj jod< fial'

l<.=Kh i;amqreIhl=f.a ,CIKhls' flf<ys .=K wu;l
lsu wi;amqreIhl=f.a ,CIKhls' flf<ys .=K ie,lSu fld;r
jeo.;a o lsjfyd;a th nq" mfia nq" uyry;kajykafia,d iska
o mqrk ,oaod jQ W;= .=Khls' Wkajykafia,df.a m%Yxidjg ,la jQ
ioa.=Khls' flfia fj;;a" f,dalfhys w;sYh ,N jQ tfyhskau
w;Hq;a;u jQ .=K Oufhls flf<ys .=K ie,lSu ^f.d.uqf
fida r ; ia : r" 2008" ms ' 236&' zzoa f f Ns C Lf ,a , fNda
f,daliax" fhdap mqnld fhdap l;[a l;fZZ3 hkqfjka
m<uqj wkHhkg Wmldr lrk ;eke;a;d;a wkqkf
a .ka ,o Wmldrj,g
m%;Hqmldr lsfuka lD;{;dj olajk ;eke;a;ka hk fofok
f,dj b;d ,N nj nqrcdKka jykafia jod<y ^lsru fidar;
ys" 2000" ms' 29&'

m%:fudamldrh kka jQ lD;{;d j.hla we;' m%:ufhka
Wmldr lsu ka woyia f' tk Tng ls i s lf,l ls i s u
Wmldrhla fkdl< flkl=g Tn m<uqfjka Wmldrhla lsu' th
b;du l,d;=rlska lsh yels .=Khls' iq Wmldrhla lsuo b;d
jgfkah'

Tn m;g m;a jQ g Tng flkl= Wmldr l< yelsh' Tng
hd hq;= u meye,s ke;s g flkl= meye,s ula lshd h yelsh'
uqo,ska fyda wjjdo wkqYdikdj,ska fyda fjkh wdldr ie,ls,j
s ,ska
Wmldr ,eh yelsh' ;udg iq fyda Wmldrhla l< whl=g lsis
kl wkqmldrhla fkdl< hq;=h' Wmldr l< whl=g wk:hla
l< flfkl= ;% fdaysfhls mru wi;amqreIfhls' Tyq fyda weh
nrm;, wmrdOldrfhls' fuf,dj;a mrf,dj;a hk fof,dju Tyq
$ weh kdYhg m;afjhs'

flf<ys .=K fkdie,lSu mdmhls' Wmldr l< whl=g
kdYhla fyda wk:hla islsu uyd mjls' foudmshka iy

64

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

.=rejreka Tng wksjdhfhkau Wmldr l< mdYjfhdah' Tjqkaf.a

Wmldr iEu l,aysu is;ays ;nd .; hq;=h' iqiq wjia:djla meKs
l, ta fjkqfjka m%;Hqmldr l< hq;=h' iqiq wjia:dj k ;udg
Wmldr l< ;eke;a;d lrorhg ,la is k th iqiq wjia:djla
f' ke;fyd;a Tyq fyda weh Tnf.ka Wmldrhla b,a,d is k
th o iqiq wjia:djla jkq we;'

f.d.uqf fidar; ysmdfKda ^2008" ms' 247& fufia i|yka
lr;s(

zzlreKd .=Kfhka fy foudmsh .=rejrdkg fdaysl
lrka k jq k g o fuf,dju jq j o oreKq mdl ,efnk ne
f,dal m%jD;a;s fidhd nejfyd;a uekka iaMqg f' tjekakkag
uqyqKmdkakg is jQ oreKq mdl .ek l,ska l, fldf;l=;a
wikakg ,ef' fufia j;udk wd;aufhau h lsis l%uhlska
;udf.a lu Yla;sh n,j;a u wd fya;+ka ksid oreKq mdlhla
fkd,o;a urKska u;= tys mdlh taldka;fhkau ,efnkafkauh'ZZ

Tng m%;Hqmldr jYfhka lsisjla lr lshd.; fkdyels
;;a;ajhl tn we;af;ys k ;ukag lrk ,o Wo Wmldr isysm;a
flfrka lD;{;d .=Kh olajka j;au fhda.H f' Tnf.a
lD;{;dj keue;s .=Kh fld;r m%udKhlg weoao hkak ksYaph
l< yelsh' ta i|yd my; oYlh Nd;hg .kak'

65

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

oYlh 4 ( lD;{;djh

whs;uh

fnfykau tl uOHia:hs tl fnfykau

tl fj fj
fkdfj tl fkdf

1' uf.a foudmsfhda fofokdg

uu fndfyda i;aldr
lr ;sfnkafk'
2' ug fYaIfhka Wmldr l<
.=rejrekag uu lsish fyda
Wojla lr ;sfnkafk'
3' uf.a fYaI .=rejreka uu
isys lr' Tjqkag msx fo'
4' uf.a foudmshkag uu
msx fo'
5' ug lsish jQ Wmldrhla
l< iEu flkl=gu uu
jeo.;a Wmldrhla lr ;sf'

6' lD;f;ajh ms<sn| fndfyda

m%Yxid ug ,e ;sf'
7' lsis Wmldrhla wfmACId
fkdlr uu ie,lsh hq;=
ksiqka ixLHdjlg Wo
lr ;sfnkafk'
8' .=K l< jqkaf.a is; lsislf,l ojd fkdue;a f ;'

9' Wmldr l<jqkag uu

lsisfkl kmqrla lr
fkdue;af;'

10' fijk ka .ia iy c,h

ka <sxj,g lsis kmqrla
lr ke;'

,l=Kq lsfuka miqj my; i|yka j.=j wdOdrhg f.k Tf

,l=Kq m%udKh ksYaph lr.kak' miqj fok ,o w: ksrEmkhg
wkqj Tnf.a lD;{;df ;ru ksYaph lr.kak'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

66
whs;uh

fnfykau tl
tl fj fj

1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
10'

w: ksrEmKh ( ,l=Kq

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

uOHia:hs

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

10 - 18
18'1 - 26
26'1 - 34
34'1 - 42
42'1 - 50

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

}
}
}
}
}

tl
fkdfj

fnfykau
tl fkdf

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

fnfykau wlD;fhs
wlD;fhs
uOHia:hs
lD;fhs
fnfykau lD;fhs

Tnf.a lD;f;a j h jOkh lr .ekS u ms K s i by;
oYlfha iEu whs;uhlau Tng wod< h hq;=h' iEu whs;uhlskau
^whs;uh 6 yer& olajd we;af;a lD;{;dj jOkh lrk phdjls'
whs;u 6 fhka lafjkafka lD;{;dj ms<sUq lrk ,CIKhls'

iq jrol flkl= lrk ,o ish Wo wu;l fkdl<
hq;=h' flfkl=f.a Wo Wmldr we;sj ;u hqKqj ,nd .;af;a k
ta nj mejiSug ue,s fkdh hq;=h'

ksy;udkSlu

ksy;udkSlu hkq Wv= fkduhs'4 wyxldr fkduhs' fuu
ioa.=Kh hgy;a meje;au fyj;a ksjd; .=Kh kkao yekaf' O
fya;= ksid mqoa.,fhda Wv= fj;s wdvnr fj;s' W.;alu" Okh"
rEmh" l=,h" /lshdj hkd ldrKd mok lrf.k iuyr mqo.
a ,fhda
wka whj fy<d l Wv= fj;s' Wv= fkd ksy;udkSu W;=
ux., lreKla f,i nqrcdKka jykafia ux., iQ;%fhys foaYkd
l< fial'5

67

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

j;udkfha kdhlhl= i,ld ne,Sf ksy;udkSlu
hkqfjka woyia jkafka ;u ;fha ch.%yK i|yd wka wh odhl
jQ nj ms<s.ekSf .=Khhs' ;u ; ch.%yKhka ;ud ,nd .;af;a
yqfola ;udf.au lemfuka muKla fkdjk nj;a h h wh ta
i|yd ie,lsh hq;= f,i odhlu lr we;s nj;a wjfndaO lr .ekSfuka jQ ksryxldru ksy;udkSluhs'
ksy;udkSlfuys jeo.;alu

ksy;udkS fkdu hkq udkh mej;Su fyj;a Wv= uhs'
udkh ke;su ksid ksy;udkSlu cks; fjhs' f ksid we;sjk
ys;lr m%;smdl my; rEmfhka fmkakq flf'




wka wh wf.a fldg
ksy;udkSlu ie,lSu iy wka wh

fy<d lSu fkdlsu
m%shu

wkqkaf.a is;a i;=gq u

wkqka fldam fkdu
wkqka ffjr fkdlsu
i;=rka we;s fkdu
;=rka we;s u
kEoEhka g iy wka whg

- iduhg u
- jia;=j kdY fkdu
- ; kdY fkdu

Wv=f m%Odk fya;=

Okh ( Okh ksid flfkl= Wv= h yelsh'6 th w:
imkako@ ke;' ulaksidoh;a Okh fjkia jk iqh' th lsisjl=
iska fidrd.kq ,eh yelsh' th .skafkka fyda .xj;=frka fyda
fjk;a wdmodjlska kdY ug bv ;sf' mam;d Okh ke;s ksid
mamf;ls' wkd.;fha Tyqg $ wehg Okh ,eh yelsh' tg tu
mqoa.,hd Okjf;la jkq we;' we;e g flkl= Okj;a we;af;a
Oudkql+,j ynlsfuka fkdjkakg mqjk' we;e g flkl=
Okj;a we;af;a ;u foudmshkaf.ka ,enqKq j;al ksid h yelsh'
ienkau Okh Wmhd we;af;a ;ud iska Oudkql+,j fkdf k
Wv=u idOdrK fkdf'

68

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

W.;alu ( Wmdhla ,nd.;a flkl= ;u W.;alu ksid Wv=
h yelsh' wka wh ^Wmdhla ke;s wh& my; fy<d lghq;= l<
yelsh' W.;alu ,nd .ekSu i|yd iEfyk fjfyila iy lemula
h hq;= nj ienEh' th w.h l< hq;= fohls' tfy;a ta ksid wka wh
my;afldg .yd lsu W; fkdf' kQ.;a flkd miqj W.;l= ug
bv ;sf' Wmd ^b;d Wiia Wmd& lsysmhla ,nd .;a wh o f iudcfha we;' tfiau ish W.;alfuka wka wh fjkqfjka" rg yd wd.u
fjkqfjka fok ,o odhl;ajh l=ulao@ tjeks ienE odhl;ajhla
fkdue;sk tu by< W.;alu iudc ys;lr fkdf'

rEmh ( rEmh ,iaik u ksid flfkl= iska wj,iaik
rEm ;sfnk mqoa.,hka my;afldg i,lkq ,eh yelsh' rEmh
flkl= iska idod.kakd fohla fkdj th iajNdl jQjls' fmr m
lsu ksid whl=g wj,iaik rEmhla ,enqKd h yelsh' ke;fyd;a
ujf.a l=ifhys orejd isk g uj iska .kq ,nk wdydr ksid
orejdf.a rEmh ,iaik fyda wj,iaik h yelsh' mshdf.a cdkj,
iajNdjh ksid rEmh ;SrKh h yelsh' rEu;a jQ ;reKshla jdy
fuka orejka ,efuka miq fmrjQ rEu;alu ke;s hdug bv
;sf' idudkH rejla we;s ;reKshl= jdyfhka miqj jvd rEnr
ug mqjk' lvji ;reKhl= jhia .;jk g ;rndre Worh
je ysiflia .e, hdu fndfyda g isf' rEu;a fyda lvji
flfkl=f.a Yrfhkao ln" l,dre" fl<" fi" fidgq" u<" uQ;%"
oyh .,hs' iajlSh rEm im;a;sh ksid Wv=j is fud ij
nqrcdKka jykafiaf.ka oy wid" wm;% jQ Yrfhys iajNdjh
jgydf.k wef.a is; wks;H" laL" wkd;au hk ;%s,CIKh flf
keUqre kqjK my< meNdjhg m;ah'7

l=,h ( l=, udkj j;udkfha idfmaCIj wvq ugul
mej;=k o fYaIfhka h h jdyj, h h /lshd ;k;=re
i|yd m;a f l=, udkh mj;sk nj fmfka' Wiia l=,hl bm
we;s ;eke;a;d Bg my;a l=,hl bm we;s ;eke;a;dj my;a fldg
i,lhs' l=,hka wkqj Yrfha rerfha mdg fjkiafo@ ke;' th
rla; jKhs' Wmk ia:dkh jk ujq l=fiys iajNdjh iEu ujlf.

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

69

au iudk fkdfo@ T' rc l=,fhys ujf.a l=io" f.d l=,fhys

ujf.a l=io" frd l=,fhys ujf.a l=io u< uQ;% wm;%fhka msreKq
ia:dkhkah' tfia k wij,a l=,fha flkd wkal=,hl flfkl=g
jvd W;= hehs mejiSu idjoH f' flfkl= Wia my;a jkafka
ke;fyd;a ji,hl= jkafka is;=,s iy l%shd wkqj nj nqrcdKka
jykafia jod< fial'8

/lshdj ( lghq;=" rdcld iy j.lS wkqj /lshdj,
idfmaCIj fjkial mj;sk nj i;Hhls' h /lshdjla i|yd
jvd Wiia wOHdmkhla jvd Wiia m<mqreoaola wjYH jk nj o
i;Hhls' .=re /lshdj jvd Wiia /lshdjla f,i ie,fla' tfy;a iEu
.=rejrfhlau mrudoYS .=rejrhl= jYfhka jev fkdlrhs' kdhl
/lshdjla wkq.dl /lshdj,g jvd Wiia f,i ie,fla' tfy;a
iEu kdhlfhlau mrudoYS kdhlhl= o@ ke;' /lshd w;r Wia
my;al ;su i;Hhla jqjo ta wkqj udkh we;s lrf.k wka wh
fy<d lSu ^jeo.;alfuka wvq /lshd lrk& ksid isjk hym;la
ke;' isjkafka whym;lauh' wka whf.a fldamhg BIHdjg
iy ffjrhg ,laug bv ;sf' ieugu jvd Wiia /lshd lrk
wh wvq m%udKhla jk w;r jeo.;alfuka wvq /lshd lrk wh
Yd, m%udKhla we;' tneka fndfyda wh /lshdj ksid ;ud Wiiah
lshd f.k isk ;eke;a;dg i;=rel l< yelsh iyfhda.h ,nd
fkdh yelsh'
Wv=j ke;sfldg ksy;udkslu jOkh lr .kakd l%u

1' Wv=f wdkj iy ksy;udkSlf jeo.;alu wjfndaO lr

.ekSfuka Wv=j ;=rka lsug o ksy;udkSlu we;sfldg
jOkh lr .ekSug o j wIaGdk lr .ekSu'

2' udkh wd .i zudkh wdjdZ hhs kS jydu ksy~u' ksy~j

lsish i;=gqodhl fohla ms<sn| is; fhduq lsu'

3' i;H fif l%uh Nd; lsu' by; i|yka Wv=f

m%Odk fya;= ms<sn| .%yh wjfndaO lr.ekSfuka i;H
jgyd.ekSu'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

70

4' f,dj we;s ish,a, wks;H nj jgyd .ekSu' br y| ;re

fmdf<dj hkdh fukau Tnf.a Yrh o fjkia f' fjkiau iodld,sl i;Hhls' fuu iajNdjh Tn kf.k wjfndaO

lr.;a g kqiqiq f,i Wv= fkdjkq we;' Tn wks;a wh

my;afldg wjuka fldg fkdi,lkak' jvd;a fydka

wka wh weiqre lr i;=ka j;a fjkak'
5' Tn ;=< my; i|yka wdl,am jOkh lr .ekSu'

)
mq o a . ,hka ls y mfokl= Tjq k a f .a ld,h iy
wfkl= ; a im;a ud fjkq f jka lemlr fkd;s n q K d k uu

id:l;ajhg m;aug bv fkd;snqKq nj uu Yajdi
lr'

)
uf.a ksmqK;djka ksid;a wka whf.a odhl;ajhka

^hg;a ms fika foums h ka " .= r ejreka hkdh&
ksid;a uf.a ish ch.%yK uu ,nd .;af;'

)
ud ;=< h h j,;d we;s fyhska udf.a jeo.;alu
ms<sn| uOHia: we.hSula ug ;sf'

)

Okd;aulj uf.a ;h ie,lsh hq;= f,i fjkia

l< ienE .=rejrfhla fyda .=rejre ug we;'

wka wh iska r; fmd;aj,ska iy ,smsj,ska uu

fndfyda foa W.;af;'

)
uf.a ch.% y K inka O fhka uf.a foudms f hda
Yd, odhl;ajhla ,nd kay'

h'

nqka jod< Ouhkaf.ka ug Yd, rel=,la is

iehq;a uyry;kajykafia iska foaYkd lrk ,o m .id
hk c,hg ouk" jefgk ish,a," msis foa;a wmsis foa;a ish,a,
lsis fjkila fkdlr c,h iska .idf.k hkq ,ef' .skakg
ouk iqj| jHh o .| jHh o tl f,i .skak iska ojd,kq

71

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

,ef' f uy fmdf<dj iska ishu foa ^jkd iy fkdjkd& ord

iskq ,ef' tfia k Tn wuq;=fjka wyxldrug fyda wuq;=fjka
l,lsug fyda wjYH ke;'

.re lsu

.re lsu hk ioa.=Kfhka woyia jkafka h ksYa;
mqoa.,hka iy h ksYa; foa jeo.;afldg i,ld lghq;= lsf
.=Khhs' msh hq;a;kag msu;a msh hq;= foaj,aj,g msu;ah'9 .re
l< hq;af;da jYfhka my; i|yka wh we;=<;a f'

1' r;ak;%h ^nqoaOr;akh" Our;akh iy ix>r;akh&

2' ;udf.a foudmsfhda

3' ;udf.a .=rejre

4' ;udg jvd rg h wd.u fjkqfjka je odhl;ajhla
ka wh

5' ;udg jvd .=Kfhka is,aj;alfuka je wh

6' ;udg jvd jhfika je wh

ish,a,gu jvd jefhka .re l< hq;af;a r;ak;%hgh'
ulaksido h;a th jkdys wkka; .=Kfhka hqla; u fyhsks' Tnf.a
foudmshkag .=rejrekag .re l< hq;=h hkak wuq;=fjka lsj hq;a;la
fkdf' th wksjdhfhkau l< hq;= fohls' ish fYaI{;dj Nd;
lr lsish jevodhl fCIa;%hl w;s YsIag odhl;ajhla fok ,o
mqoa.,hl=g wmf.a f.!rjh ys h hq;=h' Tn tfia fkdlrkafka
k th Tnf.a BIHdj k jQ wioa.;sh m%oYkh lsuls' ke;fyd;a
Tnf.a wudkh m%oYkh lsuls'

.re l< hq;a;kag .re lsu W;= ux., lreKla nj
nqrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l<y'10 .re fkdlsu mdmhls' thska
wl=i,a /ialsula isfjhs' buy;a mdmhla jkqfha r;ak;%hg .re
fkdlsuhs'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

72

.re l< hq;= wdldrh

nqkg .re lsu
) nq ms<su" od.e" fndah imhg meKs l< jeu'
) u,a" myka" iqj| " meka" wdydr" ye;a hkdh nq uef

mQcdikh u; iy imfhys msu'

) mQckSh ia:dkj, mdjyka" ysia jeiq" wv ksrej;a we hkdh

fkdme<|Su'

) mkai,a ydr ;=< fyda wi, wfYdaNk f,i yeisfuka

imQKfhkau je<lSu'

Ouhg .re lsu

)
)
)
)
)

Ou .%ka: wdrCId lsu'

Ouh weiSug myiql ie,iSu'
nK wik g fydka ukdj ijka u'
nK wj{djg ,la fkdlsu'
nK wik g ta wjg isk ia;%S mqreI wdka ms<sn| l:d

fkdlsu" wjOdkh fhduq fkdlsu'
) nK foik wi, thg ndOdjk f,i fkdyeisu'

ix>r;akhg .re lsu

)
)
)
)
)

.re;r ix>hd jykafia,dg jeu'

wi,g meKs l< wdikfhka ke.su'
ud.fhka bvu'
.re ire f,i l:d lsu'
Tf ksjig meKs g iq msrejghla we;srE wdikhl

ys| .ekSug ie,eiau'
) hula fokg oE;u Nd; fldg u'
)

f.!rjh yd Y%oaOdj fmr lr.;a joka ^iajdka jykai"

tfyhs" wjirhs jkak" ie;fmkak" j<|kak" hkd& Nd;
lsu'

73

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

.=rejrekag .re lsu

) ;u .=rejrekag ;ud ys| isk wiqkska ke.S isg f.!rj
lsu'
) ;u ksjig fyda ;u mirhg meKs l< Wmia:dk lsu'
) W.kajk g fjk;a wkjYH fkdwod< lreKq flfrys

wjOdkh fkdlau'
) W.kajk g mka;shg meKSu'
) W.kajk g uekka wid isu'
) .=rejrhd fkdue;s ;ek Tyqj $ wehj wmydihg ,la
fkdlr
lS;sh f.!rjh jejk f,i l:d lsu'
) wjYH ;ekays .=rejrhdj f.!rjfhka isys lsu'
) .=rejrhd bfhys kS;j l:d lsu iy yeisu'11

foudmshkg .re lsu

)
)
)
)
)

jeu'
Wo lsu'
Tjqkaf.a wjjdo ms<s.ekSu'
ys; fok m l:d fkdlsu yd fkdyeisu'
O lghq;=j, uq,a ;ek ,ndu'12

is,aj;alu

is,aj;alu w;sYhskau jeo.;a jQ ioa.=Khka lsysmhlska hq;a
iuq; jQ .=K iuQyhls' YS,h kka ykajkafka o is,aj;aluhs'
nqoyf i|yka jk iS,h pd;% YS,h ^wkq.ukh l< hq;= Ou;d&
yd jd;% YS,h ^je<elah hq;= jer& hkqfjka fldgia follg
fnfoa' wkq.ukh l< hq;= pd;% zis;a Z kkao wkq.ukh fkdl<
hq;= jd;% z;a Z kkao yekaf'

mqoa.,hdf.a lh iy jpk fol ixjr lr .ekSu iS,fha
m%Odk wruqKhs' nq oyug wkqj .sysfhl= iska /lsh hq;= iS,h jk
.Dyia: YS,h mkais,a ^m[ap iS,h&"13 wdj wIagul iS,h" wg iS,h
iy oi iS,h hkqfjka is jeoEre f'

74

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

mkais,a hkq .syshd iska km;d /lsh hq;= iS,h fyj;a
ks;H YS,hhs' wdj wIagul iS,h o .syshdf.a ks;H YS,h jYfhka iudoka h yelsh' fuu YS,fhka lh" jpkh iy meje;au
^wdjh& ms<sn| l%shdjka yslauu isf' wgis,a iy oi is,a .syshd
iska fmdfyda kj, iudoka h hq;= YS,hkah' wod< YsCId mo
iy tys w:h my; i|yka f'
m[ap
1'

2'

fj'&
3'


4'

5'

iS,h
mdKd;smd;d fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
^mrmK keiSfuka je<lSf YsCId moh iudoka fj'&
wkakdodkd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
^fkdka foh .ekSfuka je<lSf YsCId moh iudoka
ldfiq Pdpdr fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
^ldufhys jrojd yeisfuka je<lSf YsCId moh iudoka
fj'&
uqidjdod fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
^fndre lSfuka je<lSf YsCId moh iudoka fj'&
iqrdfrh ucmud oGdkd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
^iqrdmdkh lsfuka je<lSf YsCId moh iudoka fj'&

wdj wIagul iS,h

1' mdKd;smd;d fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
2' wkakdodkd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
3' ldfiq Pdpdr fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
4' uqidjdo fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
5' msiqkdjdpd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'

^fla<d lSfuka je<lSf YsCIdmoh iudoka fj'&
6' mreidjdpd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'

^mreI jpk lSfuka je<lSf YsCIdmoh iudoka fj'&

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

75

7' immam,dmd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'

^ysia jpk lSfuka je<lSf YsCIdmoh iudoka fj'&
8' Pdjd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'

^jer meje;afuka je<lSf YsCId moh iudoka fj'&23
wIagdx. iS,h
1' mdKd;smd;d fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
2' wkakdodkd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
3' wn%yauphd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
4' uqidjdod fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
5' iqrdfrh ucmud oGdkd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
6' ld, fNdackd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'

^fkd l,ays wdydr je<fuka je<lSf YsCIdmoh iudoka

fj'&
7' kp" .S;" jd;" iQl" oiaik" ud,d" .kaO" f,amk"
OdrK uKavk" N+ikGdkd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'

^kefuka" .ehSfuka" jehSfuka" ne,Sfuka" weiSfuka" u,a

iqj| ,jqka fuka" tajdhska isref wvq ;eka msrfuka"

iu meyem;a lsfuka je<lSf YsCIdmoh iudoka fj'&
8' Wpdihk uydihkd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'

^Wia wdik fndfyda iqj f.k fok wdikj, ysfuka

je<lSf YsCIdmoh iudoka fj&
oi iS,h
1' mdKd;smd;d fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
2' wkakdodkd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
3' wn%yauphd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'

^wn%yauphdfjka je<lSf YsCId moh iudoka fj'&
4' uqidjdod fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'
5' iqrdfrh ucmud oGdkd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'

76

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

6' ld, fNdackd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'

7' kp .S; jd; iQl oiaikd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'

^kefuka" .ehSfuka" jehSfuka iq lSfuka je<lSf
YsCId moh iudoka fj'&
8' ud,d .kaO f,amk OdrK uKavK" N+ikGdkd fruKS
islaLdmox iudhd'

^u,a" iqj|" ,jqka fuka je<lSf YsCIdmoh iudoka

fj'&
9' Wpdihk uydihkd fruKs islaLdmox iudhd'

^Wia wdik" uyd iem myiq wdik myrKh lsfuka

je<lSf YsCIdmoh iudoka fj'&
10' cd; rEm rc; m.a.yKd fruKS islaLdmox iudhd'

^rka" " , uqo,a" ms<s.ekSfuka je<lSf YsCIdmoh iudoka
fj'&

by; Ou;d fyj;a m%;sm;a;s /lSfuka mqoa.,hl= b;d
hym;a mqoa.,hl= njg wksjdhfhkau m;afjhs' wgis,a fyda oi
is,a iudoka tla kla .; lsu wdh jQ ry;ka jykafia,df.a
yeisug iudk jQ yeisuls' thska b;d Wiia yslaula we;sf'
is,aj;a mqoa.,hd uquy;a iudchgu wdYSjdohls' Tyq $ wehf.ka
hym;lau ;udg;a wkqkag;a" uq uy;a iudchg;a isf' is,aj;a
mqoa.,hd ;=< ielh" h iy fkdi;=g fkdmj;shs' Tyqf.a $ wehf.a
fuf,dj fukau mrf,djo hym;a jkq we;'

77

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

07 mfoh

whym;a p;h ( wioa.;s

wioa.;sh hk moh zwioa.=KhZ hk mohg l,am jpkhls'
wioa.;sh hk moh fuys,d jvd W; moh jYfhka ie,fla' ulaksido h;a krl mqreoaol .=Khla fkdue;s fyhsks' ;udg;a wka whg;a
whym;la jk .;s ,CIKhls wioa.;sh' my; i|yka wioa.;s ms<sn|
.%yhla Tng bm;a flf'

1' BIHdj
2' udhdj
3' w;%sc;d
4' uysc;d
5' fldamh

(Jealousy / Envy)
(Delusion / Jugglery)
(Desire for things belonging to others)
(Over desire)
(Anger)1

fuu mfofhka zfldamhZ yer wfkl=;a wioa.;s .%y
flf' hym;a p;hla i|yd fuu wioa.;s bj;a l< hq;=h' Tn ;=<
fkdue;s h hq;h
= ' hym;a p;h hym;a kdhl;ajh i|yd w;HjYHh'
tfyhska ish wioa.;s uq,ska Wmqgd h hq;=h' iyuq,ska kdY
lsu m%dfhda.slj b;d Ialr ldhhls' tfy;a Tn tfia l< hq;=h'
hg;a msfika ish wioa.;s Tn ;=< wju l< hq;=h' Tnf.a b,lalh
h hq;af;a tajd uq,ska Wmqgd uhs' tys,d Tn wjxlju W;aidy
h hq;=h'

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BIHdj

BIHdj hkq ;ud yd idfmaCIj n,k g ;udg jvd Wiia"
by< wh ms<n
s |j we;sjk RKd;aul yeSuls' fuu yeSu ke;fyd;a
Ndjh wksjdhfhkau wioa.;shla jYfhka i,lk w;r zl=vqflavq
lsuZ" zbiaidZ iy zwiQhdjZ hk l,am moj,ska o yekaf' O
wxY fyda me;sj,ska ;udg jvd wka wh Wiia fyda by< ug mqjk'
wOHdmkh" /lshdj" iudc ;;a;j
a h" ldhM, ^lrk ,o jev m%udKh
iy tys .=K;ajh&" rEmh" Okh hkdfhka wka wh Wiia jk g
BIHdj we;s mqoa.,hd ;=< wlue;a;la wikaf;daIhla we;s fjhs'
we;eg fuu wlue;a; b;d m%udKhlska hqla; h yelsh'

freldfka pJou, uydkdys ^2008" ms' 53& flf,ia
tlaoyia mkaishh keue;s .%ka:fhys BIHdj .ek my; yekau
lr;s'

zzBIHdj we;shyqf.a leue;a; wkqkaf.a im;a;sh ke;s
lsugh' tfia fkdl< yels l,ays tys fodila n,d iekfihs' Tyq
wkqkaf.a ,iaik wefuys fodila olS' ,iaik isrefrys fodila olS'
wkH jia;+ka ys o tfiau fodia n,d tajdfha fodia .ek l:d fldg
iekfihs' Tyq wkqkaf.a f.h" wkqkaf.a jdykh" wkqkaf.a j;a;"
l=Uqr" wkqkaf.a /lshdj" ;k;=r ljod fyda ke;s f fodahs n,d is'
ke;s jQ fgl buy;a i;=gla ,nhs'ZZ2

BIHdj yg.kafka l=ula ksido@ wka whf.a hqKqj lSu
iy idfmaCIlj ;udf.a fkdhqKqu ksid we;sjk ySk udkhhs'

79

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

ixikaokh ;=<ska
we;sjk ySkudkh
^;ud ms<sn| wvq ;lafiarej&

wka
whf.a
hqKqj

;udf.a
hqKqj

BIHdj

wksldf.a hqKq ugug iudk ugulska ;uka hqKqug
;sfnk wdidj ke;fyd;a wksld wNsnjdhEf wdYdj BIHdjg
fya;= f' ;udg idfmaCIj wka wh inkaO we;sjk hqKqj O
wdldrfhka isf' m%Odk wdldr my; laf'
1' ;udg fkdue;s fYaI wOHdmkhla fjk;a mqoa.,hl= ,nd
.ekSu ^WodyrKh ( Tng Wmdhla ke;sg wfkla mqoa.,hd

iska Wmdhla ,nd .ekSu&'

2' ;udg jvd je Okhla ^foam<" j;=ms" hdk jdyk& wks;a

mqoa.,hdg ;su'
3' ;udg ke;s ikaf;daIhla wks;a mqoa.,hd N=la;s u'

4' ;udg jvd Wiia jQ /lshdjla ^jegqfmka je" ks, kdufhka

je" f.!rjfhka je hkd& wks;a mqoa.,hd lsu'
5' ;udg jvd je ckm%sh;ajhla f.!rjdorhla wks;a mqoa.,hdg
iudcfhka ,eu'
6' ;udg jvd ,iaik rEmhla wks;a mqoa.,hdg ;su'

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7' ;ud iska W;aidyh orkq ,enQ tfy;a fkd,enQ fohla ^Wiia
ula" Nd. iu;aula& wks;a mqoa.,hdg ,eu ke;fyd;a
;ud wiu;a wksld iu;a u'
8' ;ud fkdokakd ;ud < ke;s mqoa.,hka ms<sn| jKkd
lrhs' tfia lrkqfha ;udf.a BIHdj fhduqjk mqoa.,hd
bfhah' tu mqoa.,hdf.a ys; fok whqka fyda Tyq $
wehf.a ksmK
q ;dj yd odhl;ajh wj;lafiarejlg ,la lsf
woyiskah'

we;fula ^jvd hqKq jQ& ;u /lshdjg" iudc ;;a;ajhg
;fjl= ^jvd hqKq ke;s& mefKkjdg leu;s ke;' ta i|yd o TjQyq
BIHd lr;s' fuh tla;rd wdldrhlg udkisl frda.hls' BIHdj
iys; mqoa.,hd jkd hula fyda hfula foi RKd;aulj olshs' iq
fyda wvqmdvqjla fidhd th biau;= fldg ;ud ;=< jQ mSvdj ^BIHdj
ksid jQ& iukh lsug W;aidy flf' flkl=f.a ish,a, imQK
jqj;a kyh fyda weo hhs mjikq ,ef'

wj isoah ( 7-1
ujre foofkl= w;r we;s jQ fonils my; lafjkafka'
m%:u uj ;=< BIHdj mj;sk nj Tng wjfndaO f'
m%:u uj

( zzThdf.a mq;d Nd.fhka iu;ao@ZZ

fojk uj

( zzT wfka' fld,a,d fyd|gu mdiaZZ

m%:u uj

( zzwd' ' ' ' we;a;o@ iudk lSho@ZZ

fojk uj

( zzYsIag iudk 7 hs' iudk 1 hs'ZZ

m%:u uj
( zzuf.a kx.sf.a mq;dg YsIag iudk

lau ;sfhkjd wfka'ZZ
BIHdj
ksid isjk8 whym;

BIHdj ksid lsis hym;la is fkdf' flfkl= ms<sn|j

81

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

wj isoah ( 7-2
B ;=< BIHdj we;s nj Tng jegfykq we;'
mqoa.,hd A

( zzf n,kak''' Y f.a w;au fmd;'ZZ

mqoa.,hd B

( zzflda n,kak fokak'ZZ

mqoa.,hd A ( zzn,kak''' fldpr jkjdo@ f

wxYfhka ,sh,d ;shk ,xldf
m<fjks fmd;'ZZ
mqoa.,hd B ( zzta Wkdg isxyf,kafk ,sh,d

;sfhkafka' bx.%Sisfhka ,sjd k

;ud fydo@ZZ

Tn ;=< BIHdjla ygf.k we;af;a k wksjdhfhkau Tn la

kafkys' ulaksido h;a Tn i;=ka fkdisk ksidh' wka mqoa.,hd
.ek is;Sug" Wml,amkh lsug ld,hla iy Y%uhla jehf' tfiau
Tnf.a rerh iy fjk;a wjhjj,g ydkshla f.k ug bv ;sf'
Tn ;=< wiykhla mrd; njla we;sf'

Tng BIHdj ord .ekS u g fkdyels jq j fyd;a wod<
mqoa.,hdf.a hqKqjg ndOd lsug wlghq;=l lsug Tn fm<ug
bv ;sf' f ksid Tnf.a Okh o msfya' Tnf.a BIHdj wka whg
m%oYkh fuka wka whf.a .erySug yd Wiq iqj,g ,laug
bv we;' wod< mqoa.,hd Tnf.a BIHdj yd th lrk fldgf.k
we;sjk l%shdldrl k .ekSfuka Tyq $ weh ;=< fldamh yd ffjrh
we;s ug bv ;sf ^tu mqoa.,hd ;=< hym;a p;hla fYaIfhka
bjisu" ksy;udks;ajh hkdh ke;sk&'

BIHdj ksid mjdr im;a;sh ^msi tl;= u& wysjk nj
nqrcdKka jykafia iska foaYkd l< fial' urKfhka miq BIHdj
iys; mqoa.,hd .;shl bmfokafka fkdue;sj ukqIH f,dalfha
bmk fyd;a ^fjk;a msx ksid& Tyq $ weh w,afmaYdlH jkafkah'3

82

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

we;efula BIHdj ;ud ;=< muKla ;nd f.k ordf.k
wks;a mqoa.,hdg ydksjk l%shdud.j, ksr; fkdfj;s' we;efula
tfia fkdfj;s' we;efula ;u {d;shl= hqKq jk g BIHd lr;s'
fndfyda g {d;Ska w;r tk ;udf.a < kEhka ke;ak tlu
mka;sfha fyda jD;a;sfha ksr; wh w;r jvd hqKq mqoa.,hd ms<sn|
BIHdj we;s f' jvd hqKq mqoa.,hd l,ls ^BIHdldr lghq;=
ksid& wdh;kfhka" ;k;=frka b,a,d wia bj;a hdug bv we;'
Yd, m%fhdackj;a odhl;ajhla wdh;khg mqoa.,hkg wys
hdug bv ;sf'

BIHdj wju lr.ekSu fyda ;=rka lsu

BIHdj Tn ;=<ska imQKfhkau uq,ska Wmqgd u l<
yelsh' hg;a msfika th wju l< hq;=h' ta i|yd my; l%shdud.
wkq.ukh lsu uek'
1' BIHdfjka ;udg isjk ydks wjfndaO lr f.k th
;=rka lsug j bgd .ekSu'
2' wka flkl=f.a hqKqj ksid tu mqoa.,hd jev lrk

wdh;khg o rgg o jdishla we;s fjhs' ta .ek is;d ;udf.a
wioa.;sh ke;s lr .ekSug W;aidy lsu'
3' ;udg jvd hqKq jQ mqoa.,hdf.ka Tng Wmfoia ,nd .;
yelsh' ta wkqj Tng o hqKq ug mqjk' WodyrKhla jYfhka
Tng jvd W.;a mqoa.,fhla k tu mqoa.,hdf.ka Wmfoia ,nd
f.k wjYH wOHdmkh ,nd .ekSug Tng l%shd lsug mqjk'
4' ;udg jvd Wiia fYaIfhka Okfhka by< flkl=f.ka
Tng Wojla wjYH jQ g Wo lsug bv we;' WodyrKhla

jYfhka Tnf.a wi,ajeishdg kk fudag r:hla we;ak

^Tng ke;ak& Tng yisfhau wikSm jQ g Tyq ish
r:fhka Tnj frday, lrd blaukska f.k hdug mqjk' ke;sk

Tng Tyqf.ka Wojla ,ef hk wfmaCIdj we;s lr

.ekSfuka lsish iekis,a,la Tn ;=< we;s fjhs' th

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

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wiajeis,a,ls'

5' wka whf.a hqKqj Tng fYaI jdishla jkq we;' hqKq jQ
mqoa.,hd Tng ysyer fkdlrkq we;' Tnf.a Okh fydrl fkdlrkq we;' Tng lror lsfuka uqo,a yo,a Khg b,a,d fkdiskq
we;' fujeks ;;a;ajhla Tng jdishla fkdfo@
6' Tng jvd hfula /lshdfjka fyda wOHdmkfhka fyda
^hkd jYfhka& Wiia k ta i|yd fya;= ;sfnk nj Tn wjfndaO
lr .; hq;=h' ienekau tu mqoa.,hd Tng jvd W;aidyjka;"

ffOhu;a" nqoau;a yd is,aj;a mqoa.,fhla h yelsh'
tfia k Tn tu mqoa.,hdg BIHd lsu fl;r widOdrKo@

thska Tn lr.kafka mdmhls' BIHdj i|yd .; lrk
ld,h yd Y%uh ;u hqKqj i|yd Nd; l< yels nj wu;l

fkdlrkak'
7' flfkl=f.a l iem tu mqoa.,hd iskau ksudKh lr

.kakd nj nqoyf b.ekauhs'4 flfkl=g jvd wvqfjka

Tn iem kafkys k ta i|yd j.lsj hq;a;d Tnuh' wksld
fkdf'5

f nj jgydf.k fydka j;aug ^wka whg BIHd
fkdlr& wIaGdk lr .; hq;=h' f wkqj ;ud ;=< uq;d .=Kh
jeu l< hq;=h' th nqrcdKkajykafiaf.a wkqYdikdjls' uq;d
.=Kh hkq wka whf.a hqKqj .ek b; is;skau i;=gq uhs' Tn
fukau wka wh o hqKqug leue;sh'

fYaI BIHdjka

iajd mqreIhd ish |g BIHd l< yelsh' ke;fyd;a
| iajd mqreIhdg BIHd l< yelsh' fuh idudkHfhka is
fkdf hhs is;k ;;a;ajhls' tfy;a j;udkfha fujeks fYaI
BIHdjka olakg ,eu t;r ,N fkdf' ;u l,;%hd iu
mj;sk inkaO;dj wvqf hhs is;Su fuu BIHdjg fya;=jls'
tfiau ;udj wksld wu;l lrhs hhs is;u
S ;j;a fya;j
= ls' fofokd

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84

w;r we;s fm%u

a h jOkh lr .ekSu;a" mjq,la hkq fofokdf.ka
iuka; tallhla nj;a tu tallfha tla yjq,l
a refjl=f.a hqKj
q
ksid wks;a yjq,l
a reo wksjdhfhkau jdis ,nk nj;a jgyd .ekSu
w;HjYHh'

.=rejrhd f.da,hdg BIHd lsu o olakg ,ef' f i|yd
fya;= jYfhka ;udg uq,ska ;snQ .=re f.!rjh miqj ke;sf hhs
is;Su" ;udg f.da,hd lSlre fkdug bv ;su iy fofokd iu
;;a;ajhg we;e g ;udg jvd hqKqf hhs l,amkd lsu i|yka
l< yelsh' f.da,hd ms<s.;a;;a ke;;a f.da,hdf.a hqKqj i|yd
.=rejrhd ie,lsh hq;= odhl;ajhla we;s nj i;Hhls' th uld,sh
fkdyels lreKls' tfiau f.da,hdf.a hqKqfjka .uH jkqfha o
.=rejrhdf.a tla;rd ksmqK;djls ^udkj im;a ixjOkh&' tfia
k f.da,hdf.a hqKqj bjid ord .ekSug iy ta i|yd wdYSjdo
lsug .=rejrhd l%shd l< hq;=h' f.da,hdo .=rejrhdj wdoY fldg
f.k jvd hqKq ug W;aidy u idOdrKh' tfia k Tnf.a
f.da,hdg Tn BIHd lsu w:odhl fkdj wk:odhl f'

f.da,hd .=rejrhdg BIHd lsu o olakg ,efnk fYaI
BIHd j.hls' fuys,d f.da,hdg Wo lsu BIHdj iukh lsug
l%shd ud.hla h yelsh' tfiau .=rejrhd iska f.da,hdg wkqlmd
fldg bjiSuo jeo.;a l%shd ud.hls'

udhdj

udhdj jQ l,S wka whj /juhs" uq,d lsuhs" wka wh
bfha jHdc fjia .ekSuhs" ujd fmkauhs' ml fldg tajd
ijk iajNdjh jQ l,S udhdjhs' ienekau is,aj;a flfkl= uyckhd ke;fyd;a wkq.dlhka bfha is,ajf;l= fuka fmkS isu
udhdj kka yekaf' ienekau mqoa.,hdg we;af;a whym;a
iajNdjhls' tfy;a f,dalhd yuqf hym;a iajNdjhka fmkakq
lrkq ,ef' th udhdjhs'

O mqoa.,fhda O udhdj, ksr; fj;s' fuh j;udkfha
olakg ,efnk ,N ixiso
a hla fkdf' udhd wjia:d lsym
s hla my;
laf'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

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^w& hula ienekau fidrdf.k m%isoafha tu fidrlu we,a,Su

i|yd l%shd lsu'
^wd& flfkl= >d;kh fldg >d;lhd we,a,Sug Wo lsu yd

wju=,g inkaO u'
^we& fm!oa.,slj h mqo.
a ,hl= fyda lKavdhula ms<n
s | j oafY

iy.;j fpkh fldg wod< mqoa.,hd fyda lKavdhu fyda

bfha jKkd lsu'
^wE& hula ms<sn| ;udf.a fm!oa.,sl u;h ijd je msila

ke;fyd;a msi weiSug m%shlrk foa m%isoafha l:d lsu'
^b& ienekau O jer lr tajd jid .ekSu i|yd wd.l

lghq;=j,g inkaOu" fjfyr ydr hkdhg jHuh

jYfhka Wo lsu'
^B& iaiS, meoaol= uyd is,aj;a meoaol= fuka uyckhd bfha
fmkS isu'
^W& h jeo.;a ldhhla i|yd fm!oa.,slj lsis jevla fkdlr
ke;fyd;a yels;dla th wid:l ug lghq;= lr m%isoafha

^tu ldhh id:l jQ miq& th w.h lsu" iyfhda.h ka

nj fmkau'
^W!& ienekau W.;l= fkd ^ms<s.;a wOHdmkhla ksufldg

iy;sl ,nd .ekSfuka f;drj& W.;l= f,i ujd fmkau'
^t& ienekau f;rejka irK fkdhk kuq;a m%isoafha ix>hd

jyka f ia , dg nq ms < s u hka g jka o kd ls u ^f,da l hdg

fmfkk fia&'
^ta& hka i;=rel fldg Wka ;=rel lsu'

f wkqj udhdj wioa.=Khla $ wioa.;shla jk w;r th
laf,aIhls' Tn ;=< ke;s ioa.=Khla we;af;ys hhs mejiSu ke;fyd;a
yeisu n,j;a mdmhls' tla w;lska jxpdjla lrkafkls' wfkla
w;g Tng Tnf.a yDoh idCIshg mgyeksj lghq;= lsug isf'
h ojil udhdj fy<s jqjfyd;a todg Tyqg $ wehg O ydkslr
;;a;ajhkag wlr;enhkag uqyqK ug isjkq we;' iuyr g
.eryS" wjknq ls" myrj,g mjd ,laug bv ;sf'

Oud[S
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we;uqka udhd wioa.;sfhka fmf<kafkda jkafka wehs@ f
i|yd m%Odk fya;= lsysmhls'

1' ,dN ,eu yd i;aldr'

2' .re;ajh ,nd .ekSu'
3' jerj,ska uqjd u'
4' ckm%sh;ajh ,nd .ekSu'
5' ;Kaydj'

Tn ;=< udhdj keue;s wioa.;sh fkd;sh hq;=h' Tn l%shd
l< hq;af;a ienE kdhlhl= ug i jHdc kdhlhl= ug fkdf'
udhdj ljod fyda fy<sjk nj o; hq;h
= ' wfkla w;g Tnf.a ujdmE
wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hdug" fndre lSug mjd isf' m rdYshlg
Tng ysl lSug isf'

fn!oaO cd;l isoah

w;S;fha tla .ula weiqre lrka l+g ;jqfila iSh' Tyqf.a
bh l Tyq flfrys meyeKq . jeisfhla Tyqg jkfhys
mkai,la idod tys jdih lrjd ;udf.a f.ysu Tyqg m%KS;
fNdackfhka Wmia:dk lf<ah' f jeishd l+g ;dmihd uyd
is,ajf;lehs is;d ;ud fj; ;=nQ rkaldis ishhla wdrCIdj
i|yd l+g ;jqidf.a wimqjg f.k f.dia fmdf<dfjys j<,d
zziajdks" fuh n,d.kakhZZ hs lSh' zzmskaj;" meoaokag fujeks lreKq lSu kqiqiqh' wmg wka i;= jia;=fjys f,daNhla
ke;hZZ hs ;jqid lSh'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

87

. jeishd zztfiah iajdksZZ hs lshd Tyqf.a lSu Yajdi

fldg fmr<d .sfhah' k lSmhlg miq l+g ;jqid zzug
jQfha .c jdisfhl" f uqo, ug iemfia j;ajkakg
iEfykafkahZZhs u leK rkaldis ishh f.k jkfha wka
;ekl ijd tk mkai,g isg miq k . jeishdf.a
ksjig f.dia Tyq ms<sfh, lr ;=nQ m%KS; fNdackh nv mqrd
j<|d odhlhdg l:d fldg" zzmskaj;" wm Tn ksid fnda l,la
jdih lr we;af;ah' je l,a tla ;ek iSu meoaokag
kqiqiqh' tfia iSfuka .syshka yd nkaOkhla jkafkah' th
meoaog lsfgl' tneka uu wka ;eklg fhZZ hs lSh'
. jeishd fkd hk f,i kej; kej; hd{d l< kuq;a
;jqid th m%;sfCIam lf<ah' tl,ays .jeishd ;jqid msg;a
fldg . fodr olajd miq .uka fldg fmr<d wdfhah' l+g
;jqid u|la r f.dia . jeishd jerg;a rjgkakg is;d
cgdfjys ;Km;la r|jd f.k ta ksjig kej; o wdfhah'
. jeishd ;jqid l zziajdks" l=ug fmr<d jevu l<
fialaZZ hs weiQ l,ays zzmskaj;" Tnf.a ksjfia msheiafika
tla ;Km;la udf.a cgdfjys / ;snqfKah' iq jQ o wka
i;= fohla f.k hdu meoaokag kqiqiq neka th f.k
wdZZ hs lSh' .jeishd zziajdks" ;Km; is lr hkq
uekjeZZhs lshd udf.a ;dmihka jykafia ;Km;la muK
jQo" wkai;= jia;=jla fkd .ks;shs jvd;a meye je| ;jqid
msg;a lf<Ah'
fndai;dKka jykafia nvq fiu msKsi m%;Hka;hg .shdyq
tk ta f.hs kjd;eka f.k ishy' Wkajykafia ta l%shdj
l iel is;S zzhyj" Tn f ;jqid fj; lsis Okhla ;nd
we;af;aZ hs wid tfiah hs lS l,ays jyd f.dia uikakh hs
lSy' .jeishd jyd f.dia n,d rka ldis ishh fkd l jyd
wjq;a ta nj fndai;dKkag lSh' tl,ays fndai;dfKda zzTnf.a
uqo,a .;af;a wksll= fkdj f l+g ;jqiduh' jyd f.dia

Oud[S
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88

Tyq w,a,d f.fkjqZZ h hs .jeishka le|jd f.k yqne+|

f.dia ;jqid w,a,d ;jqidg w;ska mhska ;<d rka ldis ,nd
.;ay' fndai;dfKda u;= tn ml fkd lrk f,i wjjdo
fldg ;dmihd msg;a l<y' udhdldrfhda ta l+g ;jqid jekafkdah'
uQ,dY%h ( freldfka pJou, uydkdys" 2007" msms' 57-59'

w;%sc;d

w;%sc;d hkq ,o fohska i;=gq fkdjk ;udg we;s fohg
jvd wkqka fj; we;s foh fyd|h is;d wkqka wh;a fohg we
lrk iajNdjhhs ^freldfka pkaou, uydkdys" 2008" ms' 24&'
w;%sc;d laf,aIh we;s mqoa.,hdg ;udg we;s foh fkdjkafkah'
wka wh i;= foa jkafkah' we;e g ;udg wh;a foa jvd jkd
h yelsh' wkqkag wh;a foa t;r fkdjkd h yelsh' tfy;a
w;%sc;dj we;s mqoa.,hd ;udg wh;a foag jvd fkdjkd wkqkag
wh;a foag wdYd lrhs' fuh mdmhls' fuhska lsis iq.;shla mqoa.,hdg
fkd,ef' ,efnkafka luh' i;=g <d fkduh'

wj isoah ( 7-3
X jD;a;slfhls' Tyqg .=Kj;a m%shlre |la we;' tfy;a
Tyq fjk;a ia;%shlf.a rEu;a njg f,i wdid weh ,nd
.ekSug lghq;= lrkafkah' .=Kj;a | ish iehdg ffjr
fkdlr Tyqf.a i;=g m;d weh ksjfika msg meNdjhg
m;ajkakSh' ,nd .ekSug fjr rE rEu;a ia;%sh o Tyqg ,nd
.ekSug fkdyels h' wjidkfha Tyqg ish hym;a | o
wys h'

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wj isoah ( 7-4
fyd| ;;a;ajfha fudag r:hla Y keue;a;d yslr f.k
isfhah' kla Tyq ish r:h mojdf.k hk w;r;=r r:hg
bfhka hk fudag r:h ms<sn| wdYdjla we;s h' tu
fudag r:h kk fudag r:hls' we;s jQ wdYdj ksid
taa .ek is;ka .uka lsfuka Tyqf.a r:h wk;=rlg ,la
ish r:hg nrm;, f,i ydks ish' ish ;h frd.;af;a
hdka;ks'
by; isoa foflkau Tng wjfndaO h hq;= jeo.;a lreKla
;sf' tk ,o fohska i;=gq fkd ;udg we;s fohg jvd wkqka fj;
we;s foh fyd|hs is;d thg we lsfuka ;udg ;snQ fohla wys
ug fndfyda bvm%ia:dj we;s njhs' ;udg Wreu jQ foh my;afldg
i,ld wkqkag wh;a foaj,g wdYd lsu ksid fuf,dka muKla
fkdj mrf,dka o msfykafkah ^f.d.uqf fidar; ys" 2008"
ms' 224&'

fuu Ia.;s wju lsu fyda ke;s lsu i|yd mqoa.,hd
;=< ,o fohska i;=gqu keue;s Wiia .=KOuh we;s l< hq;=h'
zzika;=;dZZ6 kka o fuu .=Kh yekaf' fuu .=Kh ish
iemhg fya;=jk fyhska W;= jQ ux., lreKla f,i nqrcdKka
jykafia ux., iQ;%fhys jod< fial'7

uysc;d

fldf;la ,o;a fldf;la ;snqK;a iEySug m;a fkd ;j
;j;a fidhk uyd f,daNh uysc;d k f ^freldfka pJou,
uydkdys" 2007" ms' 25&' laf,aIhla jk fuh uyd lEorluls
.scqluls' uysc;dj we;s mqoa.,hdf.a wdYdjkaj, ksula fldkla
ke;' fl;r ,enqK;a iEySulg m;a fkdfjhs' ;Dma;su;a fkdfjhs'8 jd ? fkdn,d ;j ;j;a uqo,a" bvlv" ksjdi" hdk jdyk"

90

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we" me<" nvq uqgq yn lrhs' fndfyda g ;sfnk jia;=fjka

o m%fhdackhla fkdf.k Tyq $ weh wjidkfha h mrf,dj hhs'9
;udg jevla ke;s wka whg o jevla ke;s mqoa.,hl= fia ish wjika
.uk ^f ;fha& hhs' fndfyda g h hEfuka miqj jia;= foam<
wdYdfjka fm%a;;ajhg mefKa'

mfNdackh ms<sn| uysc;dj we;s mqoa.,hd muK blaujd
,efnk ish,a, ld frda.S njg m;a fjhs' isf;ka fukau .f;ka
o frda.S h mrf,dj hhs'

uyd f,daNh mqo.
a ,hd ;=< we;s jk uyd .skk
a ls' ish wdYdjka
iajNdjfhka iy m%udKfhka wiS; tajd lsis lf,l ;Dma;su;a
lr .ekSug yelshdjla we;s fkdf' l< hq;= fyd|u m%;sluh
jkqfha ,o fohska i;=gqf .=Kh jvd,Suhs' iSudiys; jQ wdYdjka
we;slr .ekSu;a ;sfnk jia;+ka f.ka ;Dma;su;a u;a isl< hq;=h'
<slu hkq jia;j
= iaj,amhla ;su u fkdf' <slu hkq wkqkf
a .
ka b,a,Su fyj;a isd lEuhs' wka whf.ka fkdhemS" Tn i;=j we;s
jia;=fjka Tng hemsh yels k hlsis mskla oyula lr.; yels
k th m%udKj;a jk nj fkdlsjukdh'

< mfofhka .% y lrkq f ha flda m h keue;s
wioa.;shhs' th fnfykau wys;lr is;ls'

91

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08 mfoh

fldamh l<ukdlrKh

fldamh hkafkka woyia jkafka kdhlhd ;=< we;sjk
wkS; kdYodhl ;a; f.hls' kdYld ;;a;ajhkag odhljk
wioa.;shls' z;ryZ" zWoyiZ iy zlsmSuZ hk mohka fldamh i|yd
Nd; jk l,am mo f'

kSfrda.S idudkH mqo.
a ,hl=g fldamu isfjhs' iEu mqo.
a ,hl=
;=<u fldamh keue;s Ndjh we;' th mqoa.,hdg md,kh lr .;
fkdyels jqjfyd;a th ndysrj cks; jHdma; Tyq $ wehg fukau
wka whg o wys;lr n,mE bm;a lrhs' we;e g b;d wys;lr
n,mE bm;a lrhs' kSfrda.S fYaI mqoa.,hd fldamh uekka
l<ukdlrKh lr .kshs'

fldamh inkaO my; i|yka ,CIK bm;a l< yelsh'

1'

idudkH kSfrda.S mqoa.,hl= ;=< fldamh keue;s Ndjh

we;'

2' fldamu idudkH ksia .;shls'

3'

;udg fukau wka whg wys;lr m%;sM, we;sjk fyhska

th wioa.;shla f,i yekaf'

Oud[S
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92

4' wka whg wjdisodhl m%;sM, h mqoa.,hl=f.a fldamh

ksid we;s fkdjqkfyd;a tu mqoa.,hdg th wjdisodhl
jk fyhska th RKd;aul Ndjhla fyj;a wys;lr
Woaf.hls'
5'

fldam fkdisu yd th uekka l<ukdlrKh

lsu
fYaI ksia .;shls'

o< jYfhka fldamh l<ukdlrKh lsu hkafkka woyia
jkafka kdhlfhl=f.a mrud: bgqlr.ekSu msKsi ish fldamh
md,kh lr .ekSuhs' lghq;= lsf fldamh we;s fkdjk m
l< hq;= foa lsu;a fldamh h f,ilska we;s jqjfyd;a th iukh
lr .ekSu msKsi lghq;= lsu;a fldamh l<ukdlrKhg wod< f'
fldamh l<ukdlrKh lsfuka wfmaCId lrkqfha yels;dla rg
fldamh bj;a lsuhs'

fldamh l<ukdlrKfhys jeo.;alu

wdpdh lskaf|a Y%S Oudkkao kdysmdfKda ish zzla h
ke;s ;hZZ keue;s .%ka:fha ^2007" ms' 56& fldamh yhgu wfma
weia uo f,djlg ks,xldr lrka t,a,jk ier wdf,dal Odrdjla
nj;a" thska wfma weia ks,xldr jqKq g wmg ;djld,slj yhg
fkdfmkS hk nj;a" fldamh wd g wm wkaO widOdrK f,i
l%shd lsug mgka .kakd nj;a iy md,kh fldg .; fkdyels
fldamh ksid buy;a ldhsl yd udkisl mSvd we;s jk nj;a
wjOdrKh lr;s'

fldamdIaG kdhlhl= ;sikl= fuka yeish yelsh' wmydi
lsu" wiNH jpkfhka nek jeu" myr u hkd wys;lr l%shdjka
isug bv ;sf' tfia is jqjfyd;a kdhlhd w;ska ; yd foam<
mjd kdY ug bv ;sf' kdhlfhl=f.a fldamh wkq.dlhkaf.a
fldamh we;s l< yelsh' wkq.dlhkaf.a fldamh yd kdhlhdf.a
fldamh .efuka wkfmaCIs; b;d wys;lr mdlj,g uqyqKug
ish yelsh'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

93

;on, fldamh we;s jq g we;e ksiaiq r jpk l:d
lr;s' o~quq.=re w;g .ks;s' .=neg yqjudre lr .ks;s' foam< kdY
lr;s' wl fldamh ksid fkdksil= lrhs' Tyq fyda weh if;l=
f,i yeisfrhs' ish ksialu iy wka whf.a ukqIH;ajh wu;l
lrhs' ;sifkl= f,i fyda f,aPhl= f,i l%shdlsfuka jkd
foam<j,g jkd ksia ;j,g iy jkd i;a;aj ;j,g ydks
meK h yelsh' tfiau ;u ;h o ke;slr .; yelsh' my;
i|yka isoah lshjd wjfndaO lr.kak'
wj isoah 8-1 ( mq;d iy mshd
msfhla ish kk fudag r:h msis lrka isfhah' Tyqf.a
is ye mq;d ldrh <g we;a .,a leghla wiq,d thska
ldrfha fndfha hula ,sfh' wl f,i lsmqKq mshd
Tyqf.a w;g wiqjk fohska ish orejdf.a w;g lsysmjrlau
myr kafkah' l f,djlska mshdg wjfndaO jQfha ;ud
orejdg myr we;af;a fudag r:fha gh .e,u i|yd
Nd; lrk WmlrKhlska nj' jydu orejd <u frday,g
we;=<;a lrk ,'

orejdf.a wes,sj,g nrm;, f,i ;=jd, is ;su ksid

wes,s myu ffjoHjre iska bj;a lrk ,' frdayf,a
orejd mshdf.ka fufia weiqfh'
zz;d;af;a uf.a wes,s jefjkak fldpr l,a hhso@ZZ

Oud[S
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94

mshdg buy;a fokdjla we;s h' frdayf,ka bj;g meK

ish kk fudag r:h lrd Tyq .sfhah' f.dia fudag r:hg
lsysmjrlau ish ol=Kq mhska .eiqfh' uola k;r ish
orejd iska fudag r:fha ,shk ,o foh ne,Sug is;d Tyq
ke th lsfhfh' ,shd we;s foa fufia h'
zz;d;af;a uu Tng wdofrhsZZ
miqj isjQfha l=ulao@ miq k mshd ish kid .;af;ah'

by; is o a h wkq j flda m h ks i d is jQ fojdplh
fl;ro hkak Tng mila we;ehs wms is;uq' my; i;H isoaho
lshjkak'
wj isoah 8-2 ( j iy uj
2009 cqks ui 2 k ysre t*a' t' .=jka ,s kd,sldfjka
fokSh i;H isoahla ms<sn| wkdjrKhla is h' bv
wdrjq,la fya;=fldg f.k hKsh iy uj ^ish uj& w;r
nyska nia ula r . f.dia hKsh ish ujg w; ;snQ
fldiafika myr kakdh' Yd, lE .eiSula we;sfuka
miq wi,ajeishka iska ksjig meK wehj <u frday,g
we;=<;a lrk ,' miqj wef.a ;;a;ajh nrm;, neka
fld<U uy frday,g wehj we;=<;a flK' l f,djlska
weh wjika yqiau fyjdh'

nqrcdKkajykafia jod< wx.=;a;r ksldfhys lafjk m
fldamh ksid we;sjk wdk y;ls'
1' fydka msisj iy fydka we| me<| isho mqoa.,hd

wm%ikak njhs'
2' isks iy iemmyiq fidamdjl ksod.;a;o mqoa.,hd

fokdfjka fmf<hs'

95

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

3' fyd| i|yd krl iy krl i|yd fyd| jroaod .kska

ie,ls,af,ka iy isys l,amkdfjka lghq;= fkdlr ydksh
iy la we;sjk foa mqoa.,hd lrhs'

4' uykais Wmhd.;a Okh ke;slr .efka' kS;sh bfha

jrolrefjl= njg m;aug o bv we;'
5' l%shdY+rj ,nd.;a lS;sh iy hii wyslr .efka'

6' hyjka" kEhska iy mjqf,a Woh mqoa.,hdj u y;s"

mqoa.,hdf.ka wE;a fj;s'

7' whym;a m%;sM, f.k fok lh" jpkh iy is; u.ska

wl=i,
l%shd fldam jQ mqoa.,hd lrk fyhska urKfhka u;= .;shl
bmu'1

Wla; wdk y; mqoa.,hl=f.a i;=rkaf.a i;=gg fya;= jk
nj nqrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l< fial' fldam jQfjl= tlal
fldam fkdh hq;= nj;a mdmS ksiqkaj mj;hlska hg lrkakdfia
fl%daOh iska hgm;a lrk nj wlafldaO iQ;%fhys nqrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l<y' .=ld,Skj fldamh mej;=K fyd;a th fl%daOhg
ke;fyd;a ffjrhlg fmrf<a' wx.=;a;r ksldfha fl%daO j.fhys
fl%daOh;a iy noaO ffjrh;a we;s mqoa.,hd lfia jdih lrk nj;a
msySug m;a jk nj;a iy ksrfhys Wmk nj;a nqrcdKkajykafia
jod<y'

fhd fp Wmam;s;x fldOx

r:x yka;xZj Odrfh
;uyx idrx n%E
ria f.dfyd b;frd cfkd2

b;d f.fhka jk r:hla j<ld ukdj yiqrejd .kq ,nk

oCI hfrl= fuka" hfula isf;ys fl%daOh uev mj;ajd .kshs
o" Tyq kshu hfrl= jk nj uu lsh' wka hrka yqfola
/yeka w,a,d .;a wh muKs'

Oud[S
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96

my; rEmfhka fldamh l<ukdlrKfha jeo.;alu ;jrg;a
fmkakq flf'
fpkhla fyda wmydihla
fyda lsmSfuka nek jeula
fyda jeks ndysr isoahla
^ls i s h mq o a . ,hl= fyda
mq o a . , lKa v dhula Tng
lrkq ,nk&

lfia

noa O ffjrh
^wd;au.;
fldamh&

fl%daOh fyj;a
ffjrh
^.= ld,Sk
fldamh&

fldamh ^Tn
;=< we;sjk
fla k a ; s u h
Woaf.h&

jdih

msySug m;au

ksrfha Wmu

fldamh uevmj;ajd .ekSu $ wju lr .ekSu $

;=rka lsu

wr wfrka m,jd yeh fkdyelsh' ta i|yd t<shla
ke;fyd;a wdf,dalhla w;HdjYHh' tf,iska fldamh fldamfhka
;=rka l< fkdyelsh' fldamh ;=rka l< yelafla wfldamfhks'
fl%daOh wfl%daOfhka ksh yelsh'3 ffjrh wffjrfhka i
ffjrfhka ch .; fkdyelsh'4 flfkl= fldamfhka kskaod wmydi
Tng lrk g thg tfrysj fldam mshjrla .ekSu fkdl<
hq;=h'5 tfia fkdlsu Ialr ldhhls' fldamh keue;s wioa.;sh
ke;slr .ekSu Ialr ldhhla jqj o th l< yelsh'

nqrcdKkajykafia iska ksiqka j. y;rla .ek i|yka
lr we;'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

97

1' .f,a flgQ wl=re

iuyr ksiqka .f,a flgQ wl=re fuks' .f,a flgQ wl=rla
n mqoa.,hd iq foalg mjd lsfmhs' Tyq $ weh fldamh b;d .=
l,la ;nd .kshs' fl%daOh iy noaO ffjrh hk b;d oreKq fldam
j.hkaf.ka fun ksiaiq fmf<;s'
2' je,af,a ,shQ wl=re

iuyr ksiqka je,af,a ,shQ wl=re fuks' je,af,a ,shQ wl=rla
n mqoa.,hd blaukska lsfmhs' kuq;a lsmSu je l,la ;nd fkd.
kshs'
3' fhys ,shQ wl=re

iuyr ksiqka fhys ,shQ wl=re fuks' Tjqka ;=< fldamh /
f|kafka ke;' b;du blaukska ke;s hhs'
4' iq<fa ,shQ wl=re

iuyr ksik
q a iq<fa ,shQ wl=re fuks' iq<fa ,shQ wl=rla n
mqoa.,hd fldamh lsisfia;au .Kka fkd.kshs' fujeks mqoa.,hl=f.a
is; ksr;=reju ikaiqkah' fldamh cks; fkdf' th ksid lsis
ie,Sula fkdue;'6

hg;a msfika Tn fojeks j.hg jefgk mqoa.,fhlao@
y;rfjks j.h wh;a jkafka ry;a jQ mqoa.,hl=gh' Tng ;=kajeks
j.hg meKsh yels k th fld;r fyd| o@ Tn m<fjks j.fha
whl= k Tn ;rfyka msmsfrkafkls' th wu;l fkdlrkafkys' ta
.ek is; is;d wksld flfrys oafY iy.;j yeisfrkafkls' l,la
.sh miq fldamh ffjrhlg fmrf<hs' ffjrh noaO ffjrhlg jqj
o fmr<sh yelsh' tk ffjrh wd;aufhka wd;auhg Tn is; ;=<
me< mh .uka lrkq we;' fuu .%ka:h lshjk Tn lsisgl
fuu ;;a;ajhg fkdjefgkak'

fldamh iukh lsu i|yd fldamh we;s jkafka ukahs
wjfndaO lr .; hq;=h' kdkd fya;= ksid Tng fldamh
we;sh yelsh' uQ,sl jYfhka fldamhg fya;= jkafka fpkhla

Oud[S
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98

fyda lsmSfuka nek jeula fyda jeks ndysr isoahls' Tnf.a

fldamhg ;fjll=f.a fldamh fyda l%shdjla fyda jpkhla fyda
fya;=h yelsh'
fldamh i|yd n,mdk fYaIs; fya;= we;'

1' Tn iska b;d fjfyi uykaisfhka cks; l< NdKavhla

fyda fiajhla fyda lrk ,o h jev lghq;a;la fyda
fpkhg ,lau'

2' Tnf.a Yrfha fyda rEmfha j,;djla yqjd olajd Tnj

my;afldg ie,lSu'

3' Tn iska is;d u;du lrk ,o l%shdjla ksid ^;jll=

fpkh lsu" Tf BIHdj ksid ys; fok fohla Tn
wksldg m%ldY lsu hkd& wksldg flaka;s f.dia Tng
nek jeu'

4' Tn w;ska fkdkqj;aju isjk jrola ^ud. kS;shla lvu"

flkl=f.a b,a,Sula fkdweiSu hkdh&'
5' Tnf.a wd.u" l=,h" ia;%S mqreINdjh fyda fjk;a fohla yqjd
olajka my;afldg ie,lSu'
6' lsish kS;shla fyda ;shla fyda iu;hla ;jll= iska

leu ^fmda,sfuka msg mekSu" fmda,sf fkdhdu" mud

meKSu hkdh&'
7' ;ud iska mjrK ,o lghq;a;la $ rdcldhla wksld iska
bgqlrkq fkd,eu'
8' ish wd.ug fyda cd;shg fyda wdh;khg fyda {d;shl=g

fyda hkd jYfhka ;jll= widOdrK l%shdjla l< g'

9' Tnf.a YsIag ksudKhla fyda kSula fyda ksid BIHdjg

,la tys YsIag;dj wvqjk f,i l:d lsu'

10' Tnj ienekau f.!rjhg ,la h hq;= wjia:djl tfia

is fkdu ^W;aijhl Tng wdrdOkd fkdlsu" wdrdOkd

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

99

fldg Tn tys f.dia ish ms<sfkd.ekSu" Tng fmd,af;,a

myk ,aug wdrdOkd fkdlsu" ia;=;s l:df Tng ia;=;shla
fYaIfhka fkdlsu hkdh&'
11' Tn lsish jeo.;a jevla lrk g wjOdkh lefvk
ndOd we;su ^hul= f.agqf iSkqj kdo lsu" rl:kh kdo

u hkdh&'
12' Tnf.a orejkaf.a fyda mjqf,a idudlhkaf.a fyda whym;a

yeisu $ orejka mdv fkdlsu" jer jevla is lsu

hkdh'

by; i|yka fya;= ksid Tng fldamh we;s u idOdrK hhs
o ta wkqj Tn fldam h l%shdud.hla .; hq;= hhs o Tng is;Sug
mqjk' fuu is;=,a, ksjer fkdf' W; fkdf' fldamfuka
Tng wksjdhfhkau wjdis isf' Tnf.a f,a krla iajNdjh
fjkia fkdfhl=;a wk: foa isf' f ksid Tn fldam fkdh
hq;=h' fldamh wdf k th uekka iukh l< hq;=h'

fldamh l<ukdlrKh i|yd flld,Sk l%u

1' fldamfhys wdkj iy fldam l<ukdlrKfhys jeo.;alu
wjfnda O lr .ekS f uka flda m fkd is ug wIa G dkh lr
.ekSu'
2' .Kka fldg ld,h f.u' fldam jQ g oyhg .Kka lrkak'
fnfykau fldam jQ g mkyg fyda ishhg .Kka lrkak'
3' fldamh wd .i zfldamh wdjdZ hhs kS jydu ksy~ u'

ksy~ lsish i;=gqodhl fohla ms<sn|j is; fhduq lrkak'
ta .ek l,amkd lrkak' ke;fyd;a nqrcdKkajykafiaf.a
m%;sudjla isys lrkak'
4' fldamh cks; jQ g ys ;ekska bj;au' m fm<la neiSu

fyda fld.drh fj; .uka lsu fyda jeisls<shg fyda

hdu l< yelsh' kdk ldurhg f.dia uqyqK fiau o
l%uhls'

Oud[S
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100

5' fldamhg fya;= jQ mqoa.,hdf.a fyd| .;s.=K .ek is;kak'

Tyqf.a $ wehf.a Ia.=Khka fkdj ioa.=Khka .ek fufkys
lrkak'
6' ;ukag fldam nek jeKq mqoa.,hd ljfrla o hkak
is;Su' Tyq $ weh iska fok ,o odhl;ajhka .ek is;Su iy Tn

fj; lrk ,o Wmldrhka .ek is;kak' tg Tnf.a fldamh

;=kS ke;s hd yelsh'
7' Tnf.a fldamhg fya;= jQ mqoa.,hd Tnf.a m%Odkshd fyda uj
fyda mshd fyda ifydaorhd fyda ifydaoh fyda fYaI" YsIag

mq o a . ,hl= h yels h ' tu fYa I ;a j h .ek is ; ka k '

jeysNdjh .ek is;kak' YsIag;ajh .ek is;kak'
8' wod< mqoa.,hdf.a phdj ^whym;a& i|yd n,mE yels

fya ; = j $fya ; = fudkjdhs jgyd .ekS u g lghq ; = ls u'
udkj phdj fya ; = iys ; f' h ks Y a ; udkj phdjla

flkl=f.ka Tn olskafkys k ta i|yd h fya;=jla
fyda fya;= we;' ksoiqkla jYfhka hfula Tng fodia meju fyda

reoaOj l%shd lsu fyda lr we;ak thg fya;= ;sh hq;=h'
fya;=M, inkaOh ms<sn| nqoaO foaYkdj .ek is;kak' hula
we;sug ;j fohla fyda lsysm fohla n,mdk nj nqrcdKka
jykafia foaYkd l< fial' jer jegySula ksid Tng reoaOj

l%shd l< yelsh' ke;fyd;a yq BIHdj ksid h yelsh'

fya;=j fidhd th ke;s lsug W;aidy .kak' yq BIHdj

k th wu;l lrkak'

.=ld,Sk l%u
1'

mrudoYS fyda mmQK f,dalhla j;udkfha fkdue;s

nj jgyd .ekSu'

Tn j;ajkqfha lsis wvqmdvqjla ke;s mQKj Oudkql+, jQ
iudchl fkdjk nj wjfndaO lr .ekSu w;HjYH f' O ksmK
q ;d
iy j,;d we;s mqoa.,hka isk nj;a" tla tla mqoa.,hkaf.a p;

101

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

hqKqj fjkia nj;a" kh .rel fukau kh frda mqoa.,hka

isk nj;a iy ;ud fukau imQKfhkau l%shd;aul h yels
;j mqoa.,hka fndfyda g ke;s nj;a jgyd .; hq;=h' l=udrfiak
^2004& .%y lrk m zzf,dalh idOdrKhhsZZ hk jer ks.ukhla
Tn ;=< ;sf' f jer ks.ukh ksid zzf,dalh idOdrK h
hq;= hhsZZ hk wfmaCIdj Tn ;=< we;sf' i;H k f,dalfha
idOdrK;ajh fukau widOdrK;ajho olakg ,euhs' tfyhska
f,dalh idOdrK ke;s njhs fmkS hkafka' je jYfhka f,dalfha
we;af;a widOdrK;ajhhs'
2'

wIag f,dal Oufhka lmd fkdu'

nqrcdKka jykafia ish fokdgu n,mdkq ,nk Oufhda
wg fofkla ms<sn| foaYkd l<y' tk ,dN" w,dN" whi" hi"
kskaod" m%Yxid" iqLx iy laLx'
) ,dN ( f.j,a fodrj,a" j;= ms" hdk jdyk" rka

hkd O jia;+ka ,eu'
) w,dN ( jia;=j ho ke;su" jia;=j fkd,eu

fyda fidri;=re Wjrej,ska fyda iajNdlj

fyda fjk;a ldrKd ksid fyda jia;=j kdY u'
) whi (

ore" {d;s ys;;%dkaf.ka Wmldrhka

ke;su" Tjqka fjkau'

) hi (

ore" {d;s ys;;%dkaf.ka Wmldr ,eu"

Tjqka we;su'

) kskaod (
) m%Yxid (
,eu'

f,dalhdf.ka wjknq" .eryS ,eu'

f,dalhdf.ka .re knq" jKkd" ms<s.ekS

) iqLx (

O whqka iem ,eu'

) laLx (

O whqka l ,eu'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

102

kskaod ,eu" wjknq ,eu wIag f,dal Ouhls' tfyhska
thska lms; fkdh hq;=h' wkqka flfrys fl%daO lsu lsisu
m%fhdackhla f.k fkdfoa' foam< ke;sfuka" msi fkdue;s fuka
fyda fkdie,lSfuka iy kskaod ,efuka fldam u ;uqkg fukau
wkqkg o m%fhdackj;a fkdf'
3'
u yeu

;ry fyda fldamh we;sjk fya;=fjka wE;au fyj;a fya;=j
u yer hdu .=ld,Sk iuls' ishu fya;= uyeug Tng
yelshdjla fkdue;s h yelsh' WodyrKhla jYfhka orejl= wOHhk
lghq;=j, ksr; fkdu ksid Tn ;=< fldamhla yg.kafka k
tu orejd fkdi,ld yeu l< fkdyelalls' ula ksid o h;a tfia
lsfuka orejd uqukskau iudchg wjevodhl mqoa.,hl= njg
m;aug bv ;sf' ta ksid we;sjk wys;lr m%;smdl ^;ukag fukau iudchg& b;d Yd, h yelsh' kuq;a iuyr fya;= u yeug
mqjk' my; lafjkafka WodyrK lsysmhls'

fya;=j ^fldamhg&

1' ;ukaj ke;fyd;a ;u

wd.u my;afldg i,lk
flkl= isu'

u yeu

1' Tyqj$wehj uqK fkdeiSu'

2' rEmjdysksfha h ksYa; mqj;a 2' tu mqj;a fkdne,Su'

ne,Sfuka foaYmd,lhl=
flfrys fl%daOh we;s u'
3' h NdKavhla fyda fiajhla
3' tu NdKavh fyda fiajh
, .ekSu ^, je" .=K;ajh
, fkd.ekSu"
wvq ksid fyda fjk;a wdfoaYlhlg fhduq u'
fohla ksid&'
4' h wk;=rla is jQ ia:dkhg
hdfuka wl fldamhla we;s u'

4'tu ia:dkhg fkdhd isu'

103

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

5' h kaula ne,Su'

5' tu kau fkdne,Su'

6' h .S;hla weiSu'

6' tu .S;hg ijka fhduq
fkdlsu'
4' lufha whs;sld;ajh u;l ;nd.ekSu'


lufha whs;sld;ajh u;l ;nd .ekSfuka fldamh md,kh
lr .; yelsh' Tnf.a l%h
s dldrlj, whs;l
s drhd Tnuh"7 wka ljrl=
fkdf' Tn l< lS foa Tn miq mi ths' fyd| l%shdjlska fyd|
mdlhla o krl l%shdjlska krl mdlhla o we;s f' Tn lu
/ia lrhs' Tn ry;a jk f;la luh /ia lrhs' Tnf.a fldamh ksid
Tn hul=g wys;lr l%shdjla lrhs k wys;lr m%;smdlhlg Tng
uqyqK ug isjkq we;'

ufkdmqn.ud Oud

ufkdfiGd ufkduhd
5'
wkd;aujdoh
fufkys
lsu
ukid
fp mfGk

Ndi;s jd lfrd;s jd

;f;d kx laLufJj;s

plalxZj jyf;dmox8
isf;a we;sjk ffp;islhka is; fmrgqfldg we;' tajd
is;u fY%aIaG fldg we;' is;skau Wmkq ,ef' tfyhska h
mqoa.,hl= f,daN" fudayd" wl=i, .;sj,ska ls<s jQ is;ska
hula lshhs k" hula lrhs k .e, wk f.dkdf.a mdoh
wkqj wefok .ef,ys frdaoh fia" tu mqoa.,hd miq mi l
yq nhs'

Oud[S
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104

wkd;aujdoh jgyd .ekSu Ialr jqj o th jgyd.ekSfuka
fldamh uekka l<ukdlrKh lr.; yels nj ksYa;h' nqka
jod< Oufhys uydpdh j,afmd, rdyq, ys ^1997" ms' 78& fufia
i|yka lr;s(

zz zwd;auhZ zuuZ wd ljr kulska jqjo olajkq ,nk fjkia
fkdjk" iodld,sl" wur jia;=jla ksid ;=< fyda neyer fyda we;ehs
is;u
S ;Hd Yajdihla fkdfyd;a ufkdauh m%fCIamKhla nj m%;;
S H
iuq;amdo Oufhkao" m[apialkaO Nd.fhkao olajkq ,ef' f
jkdys nqkajykafia jod< wkd;au Ouhhs'ZZ

i;Hh wm; i;Hh ^mrud: i;Hh& iy ixjD;s i;Hh
hkqfjka j. follg fnfoa' ixjD;s i;Hh k fmdf ms<s.kq
,nk fohhs' fmd jHjydrfha zuuZ zwmsZ zTnZ zmqo.
a ,hdZ hkd jpk
Nd; flf' mru i;H jQ l,S zuuZ hehs fyda zi;ajhdZ hhs fyda
ienkau .; yels lsisjla fyda lsisfjl= fyda ke;s njh ^uydpdh
j,afmd, rdyq, ys" 1997" ms' 79&'

nqrcdKkajykafia foiQ fuu mru i;Hhg wkqj is;j
= fyd;a
zuuZ f,i i,lk mqoa.,fhla ke;' tfiau Tng fldamh cks;
l< mqoa.,hd ie,l=jfyd;a zTyqZ fyda zfudyqZ hkafkka mqoa.,hl= o
ke;' zfldamhZ lshd fohla o ke;' th o fjkia jk iqh' ish,a,
wks;Hh' tfia k ;jll=g Tn ffjr lrkafkyso@ tfia lsu
w: rys;h'
6'

bjiSu

O mqoa.,hka iu O wjia:djkays Tng wka; l%shd
lsug isf' fuys Tnf.a is;g fldamh f.k fok fkdfhl=;a
fkdukd foa ^jpk" phd" rEm& ish yelsh' fjdhska ;udf.a is;g
fldamh yd fl%daOh we;s fkdlr is; ;a;ika;dkh md,kh l<
hq;=h' fuys,d bjiSu w;sYhska jeo.;a f' zlaIdka;sZ kka ykajk
bjiSu nqu i|yd fndai;a jykafia fmrE mdr;djls'

105

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

nek je" .eryS" fldam Tng bjiSu mqyqKq lsu i|yd
,enQ wjia:d fia i,lkak' tkhska Tng laIdka;s mdr;dj mqrkakg
,eu jdishls'
7'

Ndjkd lsu

Ndjkd ls u hka f kka woyia jka f ka hym;a is ; = ,s
fufkys lsfuka is; hqKq lr .ekSuhs' fldamh iukh jk whqka
;u is; yev .iajd .ekSug Ndjkdj ksid mqjk' fldamh ksid
fyda fldamh we;sug n,mdk fya;= ksid fyda fkdikaiqkajk Tf
uki ikaiqka lr .ekSu msKsi Wmldr h yels Ndjkd l%u y;rla
fuys,d i|yka lruq'

i.

wdkdmdki;s Ndjkdj

tla Ndjkdjls' Tnf.a wdYajdifhys;a ^yqiau by<

u& m%Yajdifhys;a ^yqiau my< u& isys t<u

uq , a f ldg we;s Ndjkdj ka woyia f' bf
isjk T nf.a yq i a u by<" my< hdu .ek is y s f hka n,d

isu fuys isf' fuys,d ndysr f,dalh wu;l

lr Tnf.a yq i a u we;= u yd ms g u foi
n,d is u is f' fuu Ndjkdj i|yd fYa I bhjla
kshu lr we;' Tn ms fhl= k trKs h f.d;d f.k
^noaO mhxlfhka& b| .; hq;=h' Tn ia;%shl k md miqmig
kudf.k ^wO mhxlfhka& b| .; hq;=h'

ii.

;a;dkqmiaikd Ndjkdj

Tn fldam isk g o fldam fkd isk g o

ta nj uekka k .ekSuhs' fuu Ndjkdj Tnf.a is;

;=<g t ne,Suls' fldamh is; ;=<g mefKk whqre"

ta ksid Yrfhys we;sjk fjkial" th ke;s hk

whqre mCId lr ne,Su fuu Ndjkdfjka isf'

fuu Ndjkdj i|yd fYaI bhjla kshu lr

fkdue;s fyhska th ys|f.k fyda isgf.k fyda

Oud[S
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106

iii.

ilauka lrka fyda ydkais fyda jeh yelsh

^uydpdh j,afmd, rdyq, ys" 1994" ms' 101&' fldam jQ
is;l ;;a;ajh Tngu k .ekSug yelsf'
ffu;%S Ndjkdj

;=re fyj;a ys;j;a nj ms<sn| is;s,s we;s lr

.ekSfuka is; hqKq lsuhs' fldamh ksid ksYa;

jYfhkau ;udg ydks mefKa' f ksid ;ud
.ek
is;d fu;a jeh hq;=h'9

uu ksla fjjd ! kSfrda. fjjd !

iqjm;a fjjd ! ffjr ke;af;la fjjd !

Tf flda m h ks i d wka whg o ydks meKs h
yelsh' wka ish,a,gu fukau ;udg reoaO jQ msig o fu;a jeug
mqre u fuu Ndjkdfjka kshu f'

iv.

nqoaOdkqiai;s Ndjkdj
fuu Ndjkdfjka isjkafka Tn" wmf.a Ydia;DjrhdKkajykafia jk nqrcdKkajykafiaf.a .=K isys
lsuhs' nq.=K isyf
s ldg is; hqKq lr .ekSuhs' fldam
jQ g nqrcdKkajykafia u;la lr.; fyd;a Tnf.a
fldamh my hkq we;'

nqrcdKka j yka f ia flda m h l<ukdlrKh i|yd l% u
fohla uu ksldfhys" ;lal iKaGdk iQ;%fhys wkqYdikd
l< fial' tys mshjr 5 la laf'10
1' oa f Ih yg.;a g ta fjkq j gh l= i ,a wruq K la $
ks;a;la fufkys l< hq;=h' tg is; ;ekam;a fjhs' oCI jvqfjla

is h q weKhls k a uy weKhlg .ika f ka o " ^.ika
mqjrefjka& neyer lrkafkao" ^w;ska& weo oukafkao tfiau h l=i,a

wruqKlg meK h l=i,hla fufkys lsfuka fldamh

bj;a l< hq;=h' fuu m<uq l%shdud.h ksYaM, f k"

2' fojk l%shdud.h wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' oafIh keue;s

wl=i,fhys wdkj fufkys lsu l< hq;=h' oafIfhys

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

107

fodaIhka mCId lsu l< hq;=h' fuu l%shd ud.h ksYaM,

jqjfyd;a"

3' ;=kajk l%shdud.h wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' oafIfha fodaIh

mCId lsfuka miqjo oafIh mj;S k th fkdisys
lsu" fufkys fkdls u l< hq ; = h ' fuys flda m is ; = ,a ,
hgm;a u wfmaCId flf' fuu l%shdud.ho ksYaM, jqjfyd;a"

4' isjk l%shdud.h jk oafIh cks; jQ uQ,sl fya;=j .ek

fufkys l< hq;=h' fuho ksYaM, f k"

5' o;a ldf.k j ;,a,g ;o lrf.k oafIhg ks.%y

l< hq;=h' l=i,a is;ska wl=i,a is;g fodia ke.sh hq;=h' fldam
fkdlsfukau fldamh ch.; hq;= nj ka woyia f'

Oud[S
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108

09 mfoh

kdhl;aj .=Kdx.

fuu mfofhka .%y lsug wfmaCId lrkqfha fYaI
kdhl;aj .=Kdx.hkah' hym;a p; .=Kdx. jk wjxllu" bjiSu
hkd ioa.K
= hka ms<n
s | fmr .%y lrk ,' tu .=Khka yer id:l
kdhlhl=u i|yd wjYH jk wfkl=;a .=Kdx. fuys .%y lsug
wfmaCIs;h' wju jYfhka oi .=Kdx. fn!oaO idys;Hhg wkqj
ykd .; yelsh'
1'

Liberal - ;Hd.jka; ^pd.&

wkq.dlhkag fukau inkaOjk ish ksiqkag O
;Hd. ,ndug we;s leue;a; iy tfia fkduiqrej ;sfnk foa
iemhSu fuu .=Kdx.fhka woyia f' ;Hd. u i|yd m%udKj;a
j;alula kdhlhd i;= h hq;=h' fuys,d jHuh" uQ,Huh" udkisl
iy fYaI jYfhka ;Hd. j. l< yelsh' jHuh ;Hd.j,g O
nvq NdKav" wdydr mdk" u" b ysgq hkdh we;=<;a f' uQ,Huh
;Hd.j,g wh;a jkqfha uqo,ah' udkisl ;Hd. jYfhka ykajkqfha
uqo,auh yd jHuh fkdjk we;eg , l< fkdyels ukdh'
iskyj" m%Yxid" je<|.ekSu" w; we,a,Su" ysi we,a,Su" msgg tla
w;lska ;gqjla u hkdh udkisl ;Hd.hkah' Wmfoia" u fmkau" b.ekau hkdh fYaI ;Hd. jYfhka yekaug mqjk'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

109

h fohla ;Hd.hla jYfhka u idudkHfhka Ialr fohls'
ulaksido h;a thska Tng ,nd .ekSug ;snqK m%fhdackh fyda jdish
ke;s hk fyhsks' tfy;a tu ;Hd.h ksid th ,nk flfkla
i;=gg m;af' ta fyhska ,nk flkd ;=< meyeula Tn ms<sn|j
we;sf' f ksid tu mqoa.,hd iy Tn w;r we;s inkaO;dj hym;a
f' hg;a msfika tu inkaO;dj m fkd fyda whym;a fkd
mej;Sug fya;= f'

kdhlhl= jYfhka Tn ish wkq.dlhka fj; ;Hd.jka;
h hq;=h' tfiau ;udf.a fiajh wfmaCIdfjka tk fyda ;ud iska
j.lshkq ,nk ksIamdok , .ekSug tk mdfNda.slhkag ;Hd.
jka; h yelsh'

;Hd. jia;=j flfrys lsis f,daNhla we;s fkdlrf.k
th m%odkh l< hq;=h' th ,nk mqoa.,hdf.a hym; msKsi is;d
h hq;=h' ;Hd. fuka miq tu ;Hd. ,nkakd tajdhska m%fhdack
.kakjd o keoao hkak fiu wkjYH fohls' th fkdl< hq;=h'
;Hd.h ,nkakdj lrorhg m;a fkdlr Tyqg $ wehg hym;la
jdishla isjk fohlau ;Hd.h jYfhka h hq;=h'
2'

Equal - idOdrK

ienE kdhlhl= ish wkq.dlhkag idOdrK h hq;=h'
idOdrK u hkafkka woyia jkafka widOdrK u" whqla;s
iy.; u fkdl< hq;= njhs' iudk njlska iu;djlska hq;=h l%shd
l< hq;= njhs'

ish wkq.dlhka yg iudk wjia:djla ^Wiia " udre"
jegqma jOl" mqyqKq hkdh& h hq;=h' tfiau Wiia" udre
jegqma jOl" mqyqKq hk wjia:d i|yd iqiq mqoa.,hka f;dard
.ekSf wod< fkdjk idOl $ ksKdhl ^cd;sh" wd.u" l=,h"
fm!oa.,sl kEoEl" ys;j;al yd fjk;a inkaO;d& u; isfkdl<
hq;=h' idOdrK jQ m%;sm;a;s iy l%shdmmdka ilia l< hq;= w;r
tajd ta whqkau l%shd;aul l< hq;=h' ia;%S mqreI jYfhka o fNaohlska
f;drj hqla;s iy.;j lghq;= l< hq;=h' f ia;%shl hhs is;d wehg

Oud[S
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110

fYaIfhka ^;jl=g widOdrKhla jk f,i& fkdie,lsh hq;=h'

f mqreIhl= hhs is;d ia;%shg widOdrKhla jk whqka mqreIhdg
fYaIfhka fkdie,lsh hq;=h' ish kEoE ys;j;=kag ix.%y l<
hq;= jqj;a tfia l< hq;af;a wka whg widOdrKhla ydkshla is
fkdjk moafoks' ksoiqkla jYfhka lsish /lshdjla i|yd Wiiaula mj;sk g ta i|yd jvd;au iqiq mqoa.,hdj ^ksmqK;dj"
ldhM, iy fcHIa G ;dj wkq j & fkdj {d;s h dg ie,lS f
woyiska jvd wvq iqiail= fyda kqiq iail= f;dardm;a lsu widOdrKh'
tfiau wdh;k ixjOkhg fukau udkj im;a ixjOkhg th
wk:ld f'
3'

Active - il%Sh

il%Sh hkq w,i fkd lirj l%shd;aul uhs' fjk;a
mohlska i|yka l<fyd;a h uhs' kdhlhd i;=h hq;= b;d
jeo.;a .=Kdx.hla jkqfha h fyj;a oyshhs' ke;fyd;a ffOhh
hs' fuys,d i,lkq ,nkafka Oudkql+, mrud: bgqlr .kq
jia kdhl;ajhla wod< wkq.d msi fj; ,ndug ffOhh
imkak uhs'

mrud: bgqlr.ekSu i|yd h h ldhhka bgq l< hq;=h'
lsih
s mdie,la ksia im;a ixjOkh i|yd;a wdh;k ixjOkh
i|yd;a fhduq jQ p;j;a isiq mrmqrla ys lsf mrud:fhka msysgqjd we;ehs is;kak' fuu mrud:h bgqlr .kq jia isik
q a mmd,kh"
mqia;ld, myiql ie,iSu hkd O ldhhka /ila uekka
bgql< hq;=h' tys,d kdhlhd il%Sh h hq;=h' m%udKj;a ffOhhla
fkdue;sj Wla; lghq;= uekka bgql< fkdyelsh' h lghq;a;l"
ldhhl id:l;ajh i|yd hh fyj;a ffOhh w;HjYHh'

lsish jeo.;a ldhhla wdrN lsf iy lrf.khdf
O Ialr;d ndOl meKSug bv ;sf' we;e msia ndOl
ueug fyda iyfhda.h fkdlaug mqjk' iuyre BIHdfjka
ndOd l< yelsh' we;e g m%udKj;a fN!;sl yd uQ,H im;a
fkdue;s h yelsh' ld,.=Kh whym;a ug bv we;' ;j kdkd
ndOd we;sug bv ;sf' f ish ndOl w;=ka ish mrud:h

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

111

lrd hdug Tng ffOhh ;sh hq;=h' fldf;la ndOd meKsh o

l< hq;a; lsu;a fkdl< hq;a; fkdlsu;a mrud:h bgqlr .ekSu
mssKsi fkdkej;S l%shd lsu;a ms<sn| Tn ;=< ;sh hq;= udkisl
Yla;sh ffOhhs" il%ShNdjhhs'

b;du Wiiau hh jYfhka p;=rx. iukajd.; hh
yekaf' fuu hh iajNdjh nqrcdKkajykafiaf.a nqug wod<
jQ hhls' fuu hh jerg;a fufia w: laf ^freldfka
pkaou, uyd ia:r" 2008" ms' 204&'

zziu;a" kyr;a" weg;a b fjf;d;a b;s fjd" f,a uia
h<S hf;d;a h<S fhajd" mqreI mrdl%ufhka mqreI n,fhka hulg
meKsh hq;= o thg fkdmeK ldhh fkdkj;aj'ZZ

nqrcdKkajykafia ;=< fkdmiq niakd hh ;snK
q 's fjfyi
.Kka fkdf.k fkdmiq niakd hh we;s kdhlhd id:l;ajhg
<d f' hfha m%;sreoaO ;;a;ajh k l=iS; fyj;a w,iluhs'
wx.=;a;r ksldh" wGl ksmd;fhys" l=iS;jia;= wgla foaYkd lr
we;'1 tajd fufiah(
1' jevla lrkakg ksh;j we;s g jev lsug ug

fjfyfikakg isjk ksid ka ksod.ekSug is;Su'

2' h jevla fldg fjfyiqKq miq uu ka fjfyiS ishs

is;d ksod .ekSu'

3' .ukla hkakg we;s l,ays .ukla hEug ;sfnk ksid

ksod.ekSu'

4' h .ukla ksu lsfuka miq ka ug fjfyiS ishs is;d

ksod .ekSu'

5' m%udKj;a wdydrhla fkd,;a g wo uu m%udKj;a wdydrhla

fkd.;a ksid uf.a Yla;sh wvq hehs is;d ksod .ekSu'
6' m%udKj;a wdydrhla .;a miq ka uf.a lh nrh wluKH

hhs is;d ksod .ekSu'
7' u| frda.hla we;s jQ g ka ug ikSm ke;ehs is;d ksod

.ekSu'

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8' yg.;a frda.h iqj jQ g ikSm jQ .i jev fkdl< yels

hhs is;d ksod .ekSu'

Tn iska Wla; l=iS; jia;= wg is fkdl< hq;=h' tg Tn
;=< ffOhh we;s f' wms ish fokdu mqoa.,fhda fjuq' mqoa.,fhda
mD:.ackfhda h' hh n,h mD:.ack mqoa.,fhl=g fidajdka ug"
ry;a ug iy nqug fya;= jkafkah' tfia k id:l kdhlhl=
u i|yd hh n,fha wjYH;dj lshkqu lsu@

my; i|yka m%Yak fydka lshjkak' Tn fok ms<s;=re wkqj
Tnf.a hfha ;ru Tng jgyd .ekSug yelsjkq we;'
1' fnfykau Ialr jqj o Tng ksjer fohla l< yelso@
2' Tng <d lr .ekSug jqjukd ksjer mrud:hla uqkam;a
lr .ekSu Tn w;aykafkys o@
3' Nhdkl iy wm%sh wjia:djka Tn u ykafkys o@
4' Tnf.a yojf;a Yla;sh jQ l,S ffOhh nj Tn Yajdi

lrkafkys o@
5' f,fyisfhkau Tn h jk mqoa.,fhla o@

6' Nhdkl wjia:djlg Tn uqyqK fok g Tnf.a h Tng

md,kh lr .; yels o@

7' Tng iydh olajkakka fkdue;s jqj;a ksjer fohla i|yd

Tng ke.S ish yels o@
8' O foa i|yd W;aidy lsu mrdoh $ wiu:h ms<sn|

Tnf.a h ksid Tn j<lkafkys o@

9' we;e wh tl fkdug bv we;s ksid Tf u;h m%ldY

lsug Tn h jkafkys o@

10' Tng ksjer mrud:hla bgqlr .ekSug wjYH jQ g iu

whf.a mS v kh ks i d Tn Tnf.a m% h ;a k u w;
ykafkyso@

1" 4" 6 iy 7 m%Yk
a i|yd zTZ hk ms<;
s r
= wfmaCIs;h' wfkl=;a

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

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m%Yak i|yd zke;Z hk ms<s;=r wfmaCIs;h'

4'

Determined - wIaGdkYS,s

h mrud:hla we;s lrf.k tu mrud:h imQKfhkau
bgqlr .kafkhs j is;d tu is;Su u; msysu wIaGdkh k
f' fuh ffp;isl Yla;shls' Tn hula bgqlsug is;+ whqkau th
bgqlsug Tng wIaGdkh ;sh hq;=h' nqu i|yd uyd fndai;a
jykafia fmre msrE tla mdr;djls wIaGdk mdr;dj'03

kdhlhl= jYfhka id:l u msKi
s kdhl;aj mrud:fhys
j t,anj isu l< hq;=h' hula lsug Tn ;SrKh lr we;s nj
iy lsis fohlg Tnj k;r lsug Tn bv fkdfok nj fmkaf
.=Kdx.h wIaGdkhhs'

Tn ;=< wIaGdkh we;ak lsis ndOlhlg Tnj k;r
lsug fkdyels w;r Tn wod< mrud:h uqkam;a lr .ekSug
j ;SrKh lr we;af;ysh' wIaGdkh WGdk hh ke;fyd;a
fkdmiqng W;aidyh yd fnfykau inkaOf' my; i|yka
m%Yak iqmCIdldj lshjkak' iEu m%Yakhla fjkqfjkau Tng
wjxlju zTZ hk ms<s;=r h yelso@ tfia k Tn wIaGdkYS,s
mqoa.,fhls'
1' ;fha mrud: ^fYaIfhka kdhl;aj ;k;=rg wod<&

bgqlr .ekSug wIaGdkhla iys; mqoa.,fhla o Tn@
2' Tf mrud: Tng meye,s o @
3' mrud: bgqlr .ekSfuka Tnj j<lajk lsis ndOlhlg

Tn bv fkdfokafkys o @

4' Tf mrud: bgq lr.ekSug Tn kgu;a j is;df.k

iskafkys o @

5' Tf ;h ms<sn| meye,s iy <d lr .; yels mrud:

Tng ;sf o @

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114

6' Tf mrud: fjkia lsug Tng fkdisf;kafkys o @

7' Tf mrud: bgq l r.ka k d ;= r e Tn ;Dma ; s u ;a N djhg

m;afkdjkafkys o @
8' mrud:j,g Tn lem we;af;ys o @
9' wfkl=;a foaj,aj,g jvd Tf mrud: jvd jeo.;a nj Tn
okafkys o @
10' Tnf.a ; mrud: uqkam;a lr .ekSug Tf

wIaGdkh Tnj fhduq lrjk nj Tn j Yajdi

lrkafkys o @
5'

Educated - W.;a wfhl= u

lrKShfu;a; iQ;%h2 ffu;%sh ms<sn|j Wmfoia fok iQ;%
foaYkdjla nj ienEh' tfy;a tys uq,a .d:d lSmh u.ska fn!oaOhl=f.a
ilia u .ek lreKq la f ' fuu lrKS h fu;a ; iQ ; % f hys "
m%:ufhkau lafjk .=Kh jQ l,S zilafldaZ hkakhs' tys wre;
jkqfha ish j.lS ms<sn| yelshdjla we;af;l= uhs' kdhlhl=g
mej we;s m%Odk j.lSu jkqfha wkq.dlhka ukd f,i fufyhjd
wod< Odl mrud: bgqlr .ekSuhs'

fuys,d wdoYfhka kdhl;ajh u" mj;sk m%;sm;a;s"
l%shdmmd yd ;s lv fkdlr yels muK wkq.dlhkag ish
jD;a;Sh yd fm!oa.,sl wruqKq bgqlr.ekSug Wmldr lsu" m%isoafha
w.h lsu" wkq.dlhka wdrCId lsu" iqiaidg iqiq ;ek u" ksis
f,i jev mjrd uekka iqmCIKh lsu hkd ldhhka kdhlhd
iska bgql< hq;=h' fuu ldhhka ksis f,i bgq lsu ms<sn| j.lS
kdhlhd fj; mejf' fuu j.lS ksis f,i bgq lsug m%udKj;a
ksjer yelshdjla kdhlhdg ;sh hq;=h' tfia yelshdjla fkdue;s
k kdhl;ajh wid:lu ksYa;ju isf' ish rdcld iy
j.lS ms<sn| yelshdj ,nd .kafka flfia o@ yelshdj ,nd.; yels
m%Odk l%u ;=kls'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

1' wOHdmkh

2' mqyqKqj

3' m<mqreoao

115

ukd wOHdmkh fuys,d b;d jeo.;a f' th ukd mqyqKqjla
,eugo ukd m<mqreoaola ,eug o whl=g bjy,a f' ka
.uHjkqfha kdhlhd W.;l= h hq;= njhs" W.;a wfhl= u wjYH
njhs' kdhlhd i;=j jvd by< wOHdmkhla ;sh hq;= nj ka woyia
fkdjk nj;a wkq.dl msfia nyq;rhlf.a W.;alug jvd je
W.;alula ;sh hq;= nj;a fuys,d i|yka l< hq;=h'

) kdhl;aj mrud: uekka msysgqjd .ekSug"

) tu mrud: wkq.dlhka fj; uekka
ikaksfokh lsug"

) mrud: bgqlsug wod< ldhhka bgqlsug"

) wkq.dlhkaj idNsuqL lsug"

m%udKj;a yelshdjla kdhlhl=g ;sh hq;=h' w;HjYH
W.;alu j. ;=klg fnh yelsh'

1' ;dCIKsl W.;alu

2' kdhl;ajh ms<sn| W.;alu

3' Ouh ms<sn| W.;alu

;dCIKsl W.;alu hkq wod< ldhhka uekka bgqlsu
ms<sn| wod< kqu" l=i,;d iy wdl,am w;am;a lr .ekSuhs' ksoiqkla
jYfhka Tn kdhl;ajh ,nd fokafka mdie,l y,am;sjrhl=
jYfhka k mdie,la iska l< hq;= ishu fufyhq ^ldhhka&
ms < s n | ks j er kq u iy l= i ,;d ;s h hq ; = h ' Tn frda y ,l
kdhlhl= k f,vqka iqj lsug wod< ishu ldhhka ms<sn|
ksis wOHdmkhla Tng ;sh hq;=h' Tn wdh;khl udkj im;a
l<ukdlrejl= k udkj im;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| m%udKj;a

Oud[S
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116

iy ksjer wOHdmkhla Tng ;sh hq;h

= ' Tn Yd, wdh;khl uQ,H
l<ukdlrefjla k uQ,H l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| ksis wOHdmkhla
Tn i;= h hq;=h'

id:l kdhl;ajhla i|yd kdhl;ajh ms<sn|j wOHdmkhla
;sh hq;=h' fuu wOHdmkh Tn ,nd .kafka flfiao@
1' fuu .%ka:h fydka wOHhkh lsu'
2' fjk;a wod< .%ka: mYS,kh'
3' wod< fYaIs; foaYkj,g ijka wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSu'
4' wod< fYaIs; jevuqj,g iyNd.s u'
5' wod< id:l mqoa.,hka weiqka bf.k .ekSu'

6' w;s oCI .=rejrhl= weiqre lsu iy Tyq $ wehf.a u.

fmkau ,nd .ekSu'

Ouh ms<sn| W.;alu hkq nqka jod< Ouh k .ekSuhs'
NsCIQka iska Ou kh ms<sn| W.;alu uQ,sl jYfhka ,nd.;
hq;=h' .syshl= iska Ouh ms<sn|j idudkH W.;alula ,nd .;
hq;=h'
6'

Ready wit - ia:dfkda; m%{dj

ka woyia jkafka wjia:djg W;j ksjer ;SrKhla .ekSu
fyda yeisuhs' wkfmaCIs;j mefKk Ialr;djhkaf.ka ug
wka;rdhkaf.ka ug we;s yelshdj ^m fkdlr& ka woyia f'
fuh Wmdh fl!Y,H kkao yekaf' fuh nqoau;alu keue;s
kdhl;aj .=Khg fnfykau inkaO f' b;d blaukska fyda
fl ld,hla ;=< wod< wjia:djg .e,fmk m ^inka;
ish fokdg ydks fkdjk wmyiq;djla f.k fkdfok& ;SrKhla
.ekSu l:d lsu iy yeisuhs ia:dfkda; m%{dj jkqfha'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

117

h y,l ^Yd,& jdIs l ;Hd. m% o dfkda ; a i jhl

is jQ i;H isoahls' m%Odk wdrd; wuq;a;d ^YajoHd,
uydpdhjrfhla& wod< isiq orehkag ;Hd. ,nd foka
isfhah' yisfhau ;Hd.,dNSkaf.a k m%ldY lsf
je/oaola ish' tk k ms<sfj, fjkia h' fuh isjQfha
meh folla muK blau f.dia ;sh h' jydu t;kg
meKs ;j;a isiqfjla ^W;aijh ixOdkhg inkaO& k
m%ldY lrka is isiqjdf.ka iudj f.k ^ysysg wefik
fia& uhsfl%df*dakh f.k zzka flh i|yd ld,h meK
we;' lreKdlr kd myf<djla flh i|yd fjka lr
we;s nj i,lkak' kd myf<djlska miqj W;aijfha jev
lghq;= kej; wdrN lrkjd we;' Tn ieug ia;=;shs!ZZ
;Hd. m% o dkhg inka O jQ y,a m ;s j rhd iy m% O dk
wdrd;hd ldrKh jgydf.k flhg msiqfKdah'

by; isoafhys fojk ixOdhl isiqjd wjia:djg W;
;SrKhlg meKsfhah' th ia:dfkda; m%{djhs' my; phdjka
ia:dfkda; m%{dj we;s kdhlhdf.ka fmkakq flf'
1' ;ud inkaO we;s wjiA:dj wju=,la o u=,la o

ke;fyd;a ljr fohla o hkak fydka jgyd .ekSu'
2' inkaO we;s msi ljr iajNdjfha wh o hkak jgyd

f.k l:d lsu" h h m%ldY lsu'
3' wjia:djg .e,fmk f,i ish weu weu'
7'

Self-Disciplined - iajhx khdkql+, u

kh hkq ysl
a u fyj;a YsCIdjhs' Tn iska Tnj fu,a, lr
.ekSu iajhx khhs' Tfnka hym;a kdhlfhl= jYfhka wka wh
iska wfmaCId lrkq ,nk .=Kdx. iy phdj Tn iska ienekau
fmkakq lrkq ,euhs iajhx kh hkafkka woyia jkafka'

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118

Tn Tf is;" lh iy jpkh ixjr lr.; hq;=h'3 tfiau
wod< m%;sm;a;s ^;SrK .ekSu i|yd jQ Wmfoia" u fmka iy
uQ,Ou&" l%shdmmdka ^h h foa bgql< hq;= wkqms<sfj, lafjk
& iy ;Ska ^kshuhka iy fr.=,dis& lv fkdjk m tajd wkq.
ukh lrka ish kdhl;ajh h hq;=hs' ;udf.a fm!oa.,sl jdish
i|yd fyda ish ys;j;=kaf.a jdish i|yd fyda mj;sk kh kS;s ;s
W,a,x>kh fkdl< hq;=h' iajhx kh iys; kdhlhd(

) kS;s ;s mj;sk nj okshs'

) tajd fydka k .kshs'

) tajd mej;Sug fya;= jgyd .kshs'

) tajdg .re lrhs'

) tajd woyhs'

) tajd lv fkdlrhs ^ljr fya;=jla ksidj;a&'

idl;ajh i|yd kh w;sYhskau jeo.;a f' Tnf.a iajhx
kh Tf id:l;ajh muKla fkdj wka wh ;=<o kh we;sug
n,md" Tjqkaf.a .re;ajh ,nd" Tjqka ,jd yd Tjqkaf.a iyfhda.h
we;sj wod< ldhhka ksufldg wfmaCIs; mrud: idOkhg bv
m%ia:dj we;s jkq we;'

Tf
iajhx
kh

wka whf.a
f.!re;ajh

wka wh ;=<
kh we;su

kdhl;aj
mrud:
bgqu

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

8'

119

Humanly - udkqIslj

ksil
a ug .re lrka ukqIH ohdfjka lghq;= lsu udkqIl
s
u hkafkka woyia f' lreKdfjka iy wkqlmdfjka wkq.dlhkag ie,lSu kdhlhdf.ka ish hq;=h' fuu .=Kdx.h fkdue;s
k" th fn!oaOdkql+, kdhl;ajhg mgyeksh'

ksid ms<sn| hym;a wdl,amhla kdhlhd ;=< m%:ufhkau
;sh hq;=h' f ms<sn| uq, .%y h' fuu hym;a wdl,amh mej;Su
kdhlhdg udkqIsl ug Wmia:Nl f' wkq.dlhka wdrCId lsu
ke;fyd;a /l .ekSu kdhlfhl= iska bgql< hq;= ldhhls' fuu
ldhh uekka bgql< yelafla kdhlhd ;=< udkqIsl;ajh keue;s
.=Kdx.h we;af;a k muKs' fuu .=Kh iys; kdhlhd (


orhs'

) wkq.dlhka /l .ekSu i|yd wjxl W;aidyhla orhs'

) wkq.dlhka /l .ekSu i|yd m%udKj;a W;aidyhla
) wkq.dlhkaj wka wh bfha mdjd fkdfohs'
) wkq.dlhkaf.a hqKqjg ndOd fkdlrhs'
) wkq.dlhkaf.a hqKqjg Wo myiql fohs'

iEu mqoa.,fhlau lg wlue;sh' ysxidjg hhs'4 ;ud o
tfiauh' tfyhska lg m;a jQ mqoa.,hdg wkqlmdj lah hq;=h'
wka whf.a la wju lsu i|yd msysg u lreKdjhs'
9'

Intelligent - nqoau;au

kdhlfhl= nqoau;a mqoa.,fhl= h hq;= hhs i|yka lsu
idudkH fohls' nqoau;alu ta ;rug wjYH nj fmdf ms<s.
efka' lrKShfu;a; iQ;%fhys zksmfldaZ5 hk mofhka woyia jkafka
zkqjKe;sfhlaZ h hq;= njhs' zkqjKZ hk moh fuys,d znqoahZ
hkakg l,am mohla f,i jHjydr f'

;l lsf iy .eg if udkisl yelshdj nqo
a u;aluhs'
fok ,o fyda mj;sk f;dr;=re Nd;fhka ta ms<sn| mCIdldj

120

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

is;Sfuka ksYa; ks.ukhlg meKSf l%udkql+, l%shdj,sh nqoah

hkafkka fuys,d ksjpkh flf' nqoau;alu hkafkka my;
i|yka foa o woyia f'
1' h f;dr;=rla lshjd wjfndaO lr .ekSu'
2' h .egjla i|yd wjYH jk f;dr;=re ljfo hkak k
.ekSu'
3' h .egjla iug ms<s.; yels iula bm;a lsu'
4' .egjl fya;= iy m%;smdl jgyd .ekSu'
5' hula wkd.;fha bf.k .ekSug we;s yelshdj'

Tn nqoau;ao@ my; m%Yakj,g wjxlj ms<s;=re iemhSfuka
Tn .ek wjfndaOhla Tng ,nd .ekSug yelsf'
1' Ndf.g jD;j we;s fodrla mj;S k th Ndf.g jid we;s
nj Tn jgyd .kafkys o @
2' hul= wjxl mqoa.,fhla o ke;fyd;a jxl mqoa.,fhla o

hkak wjia:d fol ;=kl jgyd .ekSug Tng yels o @
3' fya;= iys;j fuh mskh fuh mjh hkak ksYaph l<

yels o @
4' fya ; = iys ; j hula wka wh i|yd fyd|h ke;fyd;a
fkdfyd|h hkak ksYaph l< yels o @
5' fya;= iys;j hula ud i|yd hym;ah ke;fyd;a whym;ah
hkak ksYaph l< yels o @

6' fya;= iys;j hula ;ud i|yd;a wka wh i|yd;a ys;lrh

ke;fyd;a wys;lrh hkak ksYaph l< yels o @

7' hula isug h fya;=jla ;sh hq;= hhs Tn ms<s.;af;ys

o @ tfia k ta i|yd n,mE yels fya;= fol ;=kla lsj

yels o @
8' h ;eke;af;la .re l< hq;= mqoa.,fhlao keoao hkak

Tng k .; yels o @

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

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9' h h .eg i|yd tla fya;=jla fkdj kd kd fya;= we;s

nj Tng jegfya o @
10' jkd ldhhka fldg Tn id:l;ajh ,nd ;sfo@

Wla; iEu .egjlgu zTZ hk ms<s;=r Tng h yels k
Tn b;d nqoau;a mqoa.,fhl= h hq;=hs'
10'

Pleasant - m%shYS,s

ms%hjd njla ;su kdhlhl= i;=h hq;= .=Kdx.hls' m%sh
jpkfhka wkq.dlhkag fukau inkaOjk wka ish fokdgu
^.kqfokqlrejkag& l:d l< hq;=h' f ksid wka whf.a is;a kd
.ekSug fya;= f' Tjqka ;=< Tn ms<sn| leue;a;la yg .kshs' ish
fokdu mdfya m%sh lrk .;shls m%shYS,s;ajh'

m%shYS,s .=Kh zuqZ kka lrKShfu;a; iQ;%fhys laf'6 uq
hkq uD h hq;= njhs' uD f reoaO ;;a;ajh jkqfha zf.dfrdaiq
$rZ uhs' m%shYS,s .=Kh iys; kdhlhd (
) wka whg ys; fok jpk l:d fkdlrhs'7
) m,s.ekSf woyiska wka whg f.dfrdaiq fyda r fyda
kmqre fyda fkdfjhs'
) wkqkg ysxid f.k fok l%shd fkdlrhs'
) jyd fkdlsfmhs'
) zmrhd" W!" uQ" f;da" fnd," jr" m," l;d lrmshZ hkd
jpk Nd; fkdlrhs'
) zTn" Thd" uy;d" uy;ah" ;=ud" ;=h" tkak" hkak" l;d

lrkak" wdorKSh" ifydaorhd" ifydaoh" ys;j;d" ys;j;shZ
hkd yels ;r m%sh jpk l:d lrhs'

Oud[S
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122

10 mfoh

kdhl;aj .=Kdx. iy hq;=l

kdhl;aj .=Kdx. oyhla fmr mfofha .%y flreKs'
kdhl;aj .=Kdx. ms<n
s | fn!oaO cd;l iso
a ;=kla weiqfrka .%yhla
bm;a lsug fuu mfoh fhduq fjhs' miqj kdhlhl= iska
bgql< hq;= hq;=l .%y lsu o fuu mfohg we;=,;a fldg
we;'

fn!oaO cd;l isoah ( jKaKqm: cd;lh

wm uy fndai;dfKda .e,a mqrjd nvq /f.k wE; m%foaYj,g
f.dia fjf<|d lr idOdrK ,dNhla ,nd yeka jdih
l<y' .e,a mkaih
s hlg kdhlhd jQfha wm uyd fndai;dfKdah'
jrla fjf<|d i|yd hdf uyd ldka;drhla yryd .e,a
/f.k hdug fuu ;reK kdhlhdg is h' oyj, je,sl;r
.sksh fyhska rd;%sfha .uka lsu is h'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

wyfia ;drldjkaf.a i,l=Kq wkqj .e, weug kshu

lf<aa kdhlhdh' bfhau we;s .ef,ys jd ys| wyfia
;re foi n,ka Wmfoia foka fufia ldka;drh yryd
rd;%sfhys fkdksod kdhlhd we;= msi .uka l<y' .uk
ksu ug ;j we;af;a tla kls' fjfyi ksid;a ;j tla kla
muKla we;ehs hk is;=,a, ksid;a jQ isf;ys jQ ieye,aj;a
lrkfldg f.k kdhlhd fkdkqj;aju kskaog jegqKs'
Odkhla fkdweiQ f.dkakq fmrod yqre mqre idjgu .e,a
weof.k .sfhdah' wrefKdaofha kskafoka wj jQ kdhlhd
;re ,l=Kq nefh' .e,a kdhlhdg is we;s foa jegyqKs'
jydu .e,a k;r lsug wK kafkah' f.kd wdydr mdk o
f jk g ksu ;snqKs' fjf<| msfiys is ish,af,dau
lg;a" hg;a" m;aj ;u ;ukaf.a .e,a hgg WodiSkj jqkay' fndai;a .e,a kdhlhd muKla l,n, fkdh' nqo
a u;aj
is;d ne,Sh' zzljr fyda fyd| ms<s;=rla m%Yakhg ,eh hq;=hs'
ud h fkdl<fyd;a wm ish fokdu kiskq we;ZZ hkak
Tyqg l,amkd jqKs' uola bhg h;au wi, je ;snQ B;K
mrla Tyqf.a ;shK
q q oEig yiqh' fujeks ldka;drhl B;K
mrla iEfka fmdf<dj hg wksjdhfhkau h W,am;la
we;s ksid hhs is;+ Tyq ish,a, le|jd tu ia:dkh leKSug
Wmfoia kafkah'
.eUqre j<la iErE g jyd .,a ;,djla Tjqkg yuq h' ish
fokd fuf;la .;a W;aidyh ksr:l hhs wfmaCId Nx. jQ
Tjqyq WodiSk mfilg jQy' tfy;a kdhlhd ish W;aidyh
w; yefha ke;' fkdmiq niakd hh iys; yErE j,g nei
.,a ;,djg lK ;nd nefh' Tyqg weiqfKaa .,a ;,dj
hka c,h .,d hk y~h' jyd f.dv wi, is iu;a
;reKhl= f;dard f.k Tyqg fufia mejiqfh'

123

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

124

zzYla;su;a ;reKh" Tng wm ish fokdu .,jd .; yelshs'

f .,a ;,dj hka c,h .,d f.k hhs' hh f.k f
.,a ;,dj kak' f l= f.h /f.k miaifuka j,g
nei myr fokak'ZZ
;u kdhlhdf.a uD jpk;a ;ud ms<sn| lajQ Yajdih;a
lrkfldg f.k WfoHda.su;a jQ ;reKhd ffOhjka;j
j,g nei l= f.fhka myr lsysmhla kafkah' .,
f.dia uyd h l|la Wvg u;= h' .e,a lrefjda buy;a
i;=gg m;a is fia meka h kEy' Tjqyq wdydr msi ld
f.dkqkag o meka fmdjd br nei .sh miq h<s .uk wdrN
l<y' wka whf.a hym; msKsi tu ia:dkfhys fldhla
i lsu o Tjqyq l<y' miq k t<sjk g wod< m%foaYhg
meKshd jQ Tjqyq nvq wf, fldg ,dN f.k fmr<d ;u
m%foaYhg wdy'1

fuu cd;l l;dfjka Tng l=ula bf.k .; yelso@ my;
foa Tng bf.k .; yelsh'
1' kdhlhd l,n, fkdh hq;=h'
2' nqoau;aj uish hq;=h'
3' m%Yakh iug W;aidy lsu'
4' W;aidyh w;r u k;r fkdlsu ^ndOl uev ish b,lalh
bgqlr .kakd ;=re W;aidy lsu&'
5' h lghq;a;la i|yd iqiq wkq.dlhl= f;dard .ekSu'

6' tu wkq.dlhdg uD jpkfhka l;dfldg Tyq $ weh ;=<

jevg Wkkaj we;s lsu'
7' meye,s Wmfoia u'

fuu cd;l l;dfjka Tng my; i|yka foa kdhlhd ;=<
;sh hq;= nj mila jkq we;'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

fn!oaO cd;l isoah ( M, cd;lh

wm uyd fndai;dfKda ;j, kdhlfhl= jYfhka wE;
m%foaYj,g f.dia nvq wf, lr ish ;h yeka f.k
hk mqoa.,fhl= jQy' kla wE; m%foaYhlg wf,h i|yd
nvq .e,a mkaishhla f.k uyd jkdka;rhla ueka .uka
lrkakg kdhlhdg ish' uyd jkdka;rhg we;= ug
m%:u ish fokdu /ia fldg f jkdka;rfhys I f.
iys; .ia ;sh yels nj;a ;udf.ka uiSulska f;drj
lsisjla mfNdackh fkdlrk f,i;a kdhlhd iska Wmfoia fok ,'
jkdka;rh ueka kdhlhd we;= msi hk g .ula wi,
b;d l= l f. j,ska iuka; .ila yuq h' fjfyi
ksid;a rd;%sh <d jQ ksid;a msi fuu .i hg rd;%sh f.ug
k;r jQy' .fiys f. j,ska wU iqj| fuka iqj|la ksl=;a
jQ ksid iuyfrla f. wkqNj l<y' we;fula kdhlhdf.a
wjjdoh u;la wkqNj fkdlr kdhlhd <g f.dia uiQy'
miqj kdhlhd f. mCId fldg fuu f. wU fuka iqj|
jqj;a meyefhka iudk jqj;a wU fkdf hhso lsxM, k
i f. hhs o mjid f. fkdlk f,i Wmfoia kafkah'
tfiau tajd lE whg fnfy;a jukh lrjk f,i Odkh
kafkah'
.fia f. ld h hk ksiqkaf.a nvq wdNrK hkdh
.ekSug mqrej is wi, .jeisfhda miq k Wfoka ug
f.dkqkah" ug wdNrKh" ug .e,ah" ug nvq hehs lsh lshd
wdy' ksfrda.Sj isk .e,alrejka l mqu .i I .ila
nj k.;af;a flfiahs .jeisfhda kdhlhdf.ka uiQy'
Bg ms<s;=re jYfhka kdhlhd fufia mejiqfh'

125

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

126

zzf .i ljfrl=g jqjo myiqfjka ke.sh yels fia w;=

we;s .ils' tfiau .i msysgd ;sfnkafka ckhd jik .ula
wi,h' lEug iqiq f. we;s .ila k fu;r f. ;sh
fkdyelsh' my< tl f.hlaj;a b;=re h fkdyelshs' ukao
ks;r ksiqka meK lvd .kakd neks' f ldrKd wkqj
fuu .i I .ila nj uu ksYaph lf<'ZZ
kdhlhd is h wkq . dl ms i tfia wdrCId lrf.k
.-jeishkg o Ou foaYkd fldg wod< ldh i|yd msg;a

1' .egjlg uqyqK mEug m%:u tjekakla wkqudk fldg

wod<
msig ta inkaOfhka Wmfoia u'
2' nqoah fufyhjd ;SrK .ekSu' u;= msg we;s ,CIKj,ska

fkdj fya;= uid wOHhkh fldg ;SrKhla .ekSu'
3' wkq.dlhka wdrCId lrf.k ish mrud:h <d lr
.ekSu'
fuu cd;l l;dfjka my; foa W.; yelsh'
fn!oaO cd;l isoah ( ifudaoudk cd;lh
wm uyd fndai;dfKda jgq kdhlhl= jYfhka Wm; ,enQy'
i;=ka ovh lrka | iu j;ajk jeoaol= wi,
j;ajQfhah' ish kdhl;ajh foka jgq kdhlhd ;u msig
fufia wjjdofldg isfhah' zzi;=ka ovhlrejkaf.ka wms
m%fi h hq;=hs' ta i|yd wmf.a iu.sh b;d jkjd' h
f,ilska jeoaod , .eiQ miq wms thg wiq jqjfyd;a wm ish
fokdu tldjka Yla;sh fhdojd , Tijd lgq wl=,la u;
oud hka x.d huqZZ'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

127

fuu wjjdoh ms<s.;a jgqfjda jgqjeoaod f.ka lsysm klau

f .shy' g fya;=j Tjqka tlai;aj iu.sfhka wjjdo
ms<sf.k lghq;= lsuhs' ovh fkdue;sj k lsysmhlau ysia
w;ska wi;=ka ish ksjig .sh jeoaodg ish |f.ka fodia
weiSug;a fjk;a ula fidhd .kakd f,ig;a ueis,s
weiSug is h' tg l,n, fkdjk f,i;a jgqjkaf.a
iu.sh flkl fyda le .shodg wmg jdrh tk nj;a Tyq
ish |g lSfh'
tla kl ish l+vqj,ska ug nisk g tla jgqjl=f.a mh
wksldf.a ysfia jeKs' thska miq onrhla we;s h' miqj
fuu onrhg jgqjka /ila inkaO jQy' jdo jdo l<y'
jgq kdhlhd jdofha iy wiu.sfha wdkj Tjqkg meye,s
l<;a Tjqyq th fkdms<s.;ay' miqj jgq kdhlhd ish msi
f.k fjk;a .ilg .sfhah'
jeoaod wjq;a jgq y~ ke.Sfuka th weiQ jgqfjda /ia jQy' Tjqka
u;g , jegqKs' fjkod fuka , tiug tla jgqfjlaj;a
bm;a fkdh' wiq jQ ish jgqjka w,a,d f.or f.k f.dia
urd jeoaod ish | iu tlaj wdydrhg .;af;ah'3

1' wkq.dlhkaf.a wdrCIdj .ek l,ska is;Su iy th bgq

lsu i|yd iqiq Wmdh ud.hla ;SrKh lsu'
2' wdrCIl l%uh wkq.dlhla fj; l,a ;shd uekka

ikaksfokh lsu'

3' ish kdhlhd ms<sn| YAjdi ;nd fok ,o wjjdo ms<sf.k

ta wkqj lghq;= lsu'

4' jdo jdoj,ska f;drj .egq we;s fkdlrf.k mrud:h

lrd tlais;aj iu.sfhka l%shd lsu'

wdh;k hqKqj msKsi iajd - fiajl hq;=l moaO;shla
isdf,dajdo iQ;f
% hys nqrcdKkajykafia foaYkd l< fial' kdhlhd

128

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

iajdhd jYfhka fuys,d ie,lsh yelsh' ke;fyd;a kdhlhd

iajdhdf.a ksfhda;hd jYfhka ie,lsh yelsh' tfia;a ke;ak
wkq.dlhkaf.a iajdhd jYfhka kdhlhd ie,lSu idjoH fkdf'
kdhlhd iska (
1'
$wehg

wkq.dlhkaf.a Yla;sh" yelshdj hkdh i,ld Tyqg

l< yels jev lghq;=j, fhh hq;=f' Tjqkag udkislj
fyda Ydlj mSvdjg m;a fkdjk f,i Tjqkaf.ka wod<
lghq;= is lrjd .; hq;=h'

2' wkq.dlhdg iqiq m%udKj;a jegqmla f.h hq;h

= ' ke;fyd;a
f.u i|yd ksfoaY l< hq;=h' wkq.dlhdf.a O uQ,sl
wjYH;d ^wdydrmdk" we me<" ksjdi hkd& yd wfkl=;a

mqoa.,sl wjYH;d bgqlr .ekSug yels jk m%udKj;a

f;khla wkq.dlhdg ,eh hq;=h'
3'

.ekSu

wkq.dlhd .s,ka jQ l< uekka ie,lSu l< hq;=h'

wkq . dlhd wikS m jQ g wjYH ffjoH m% ; s l dr ,nd

i|yd myiql ,nd u is l< hq;h
= ' wkq.dlhkaf.a
fi!LHhg ys;lr wdrCIs; mirhla ksudKh l< hq;=h'

4' fYaI wdydrmdk wdh wkq.dlhka iu fnod .ekSu

l< hq;h
= ' kdhlhdg inkaO m%;
S u
s ;a wjia:djl ke;fyd;a
wdh;khg inkaO m%S;su;a wjia:djl wkq.dlhkag ix.%y
l< hq;=h' kdhlhdf.a m%S;sh i;=g wkq.dlhka iu fnod yod
.; hq;=h'

5' ksh; ld,fha wkq.dlhka yg fl ,nd h hq;=h'

m%udKh blaujd jev fkdf.k ksis fj,djg wkq.dlhkaj
jevj,ska ksoyia l< hq;=h' tg wkq.dlhdg flhla
.ekSug o ish fm!oa.,sl ;fha O wjYH;d bgqlr
.ekSug o ld,h ,ef'

f ish hq;=l bgqlsug kdhlhd ;=< udkqIsl;aj
.=Kdx.h ;su w;HdjYHh' tfiau ;Hd.jka; .=Kh o fYaIfhka

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

129

;sh hq;=h' fufia kdhlhd iska ish hq;=l bgqlrkq ,nk g

wkq.dlhd o ish hq;=l bgq lsug fm<fUkq we;' isdf,dajdo
iQ;%hg wkqj wkq.dlfhl=g ^fiajlfhl=g& wh;a hq;=l 05 my;
laf'
1' iajdhdg fmr ms jev lghq;= weru'

^kdhlhdg fmr wjj wod< jev lghq;= lsug" wdh;khg
meK jev wdrN lsu'&
2' iajdhdg miqj ksod .ekSu'

^kdhlhd fiajd ia:dkfhka neyer .sh miqjo ;u lghq;=
fkdmsfy,d bgqfldg fiajd ia:dkfhka ksis f,djg neyer
u'&
3' ;ud fj; kakd jQ foa muKla .ekSu'

^kdhlhd i;= fyda wdh;kh i;= jia;k
+ a iy foam< fkdf.k
;ud fj; fok ,o foa muKla .ekSu'&
4' ;ud fj; mejrE lghq;= ksis f,i bgq lsu'

^wkq.dlhdg wh;a rdcld ksh; m kdhlhd wfmaCId
lrk m id:lj bgq lsu'&
5' iajdhdf.a .=K me;sru'4

^kdhlhdf.a iy wdh;kfha fyd| ku /lf.k th jOkh
lsu msKsi .=K m%ldY lsu'&

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

130

11 mfoh

;SrK .ekSu

kdhlhl=f.a jeo.;au ldhhla jkqfha lKavdhu uqyqK
fok m%Yak i|yd ksjer i ksYaph lsuhs' tfia ksYaph l<
i ksis whqka l%shd;aul lsu o l< hq;=h' ;SrK .ekSu iy
tajd l%shd;aul lsu kdhlhl=f.a jeo.;au ldhh jYfhka i|yka
lsu idjoH fkdf' ula ksid o h;a ;SrK fkdue;sk mrud:
fkdue;' l=ula l< hq;= o" ljqre l< hq;= o" flfia l< hq;= o" ljod
l< hq;= o" fld;ek l< hq;= o hkak meye,s ksYaphka" ;Ska
ke;' tg wid:l;ajh wksjdhfhkau we;sjkq we;'

;SrKhla .ekSug isjkqfha .egjla i|d .ekSu i|ydh'
nqrcdKkajykafia jod< Ouhg wkqj kdhlhl= ;SrK .; hq;af;a
flfia o hkak .%y lsu fuu mfofha wruqKhs' p;=rdh
i;Hh fuys,d w;sYhskau jeo.;a f' p;=rdh i;Hh hkq f
f,dalfha fY%aIaG iy W;= we;a; i;rhs' tk"
1' laL wdh i;Hh

^l hkq l=ula hs .%y f'&
2' laL iuqoh wdh i;Hh

^l we;sug fya;= jQ ;DIaKdj ms<sn|j .%y f'&

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

131

3' laL ksfrdaO wdh i;Hh

^la ke;s lsu ms<sn|j .%y f'&

4' laL ksfrdaO .dKS mmod wdhh i;Hh

^lska f ud.h .%y f'&1

fuu is i;Hhka wjfnda O lr .ekS f uka mq o a . ,hl=
wdhhNdjhg m;af' iir la ;=rka lsu" ;h ms<sn| h:d:h
jgyd .ekSu" iy ksjka u ,nd .ekSug l%shdldu p;=rdh
i;Hh ms<sn| wjfndaOh u.ska mqoa.,hl=g ,nd .; yelsh' Wla;
m%fhdackj,g wu;rj O .eg i|d .ekSu i|yd o p;=rdh
i;Hh Wmfhda.S lr .; yelsf' f wkqj uQ,Ou 4 la i|yka
l< yelsh'

1' .egjla we;s nj k .ekSu'

2' .egjg fya;=j ykd .ekSu'

3' .egjg iu fidhd .ekSu'

4' .egj if u. ksYaph lsu'

kdhlhd ;SrKhla .ekSug m%:u .egjla weoao th l=ula
o hkak jgyd .; hq;=h' .egjla hkq hula ms<sn| wi;=gqodhl
;;a;ajhls" mr;rhls' ksoiqkla jYfhka wdh;kfha ^kdhl;ajh
fok& NdKavh fyda fiajh ms<sn| mdfNda.sl b,au my; niska
mj;shs' fuh wi;=gqodhl ;;a;ajhla fyhska .egjls' tfiau
.egjla hkq hula ms<sn| wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajhg jvd wvq ugf
mj;sk i;H ;;a;ajhhs' ksoiqkla jYfhka kdhlhd jYfhka Tn
wkq.dlhka ;=< /lshd ms<sn| ;Dma;shla wfmaCId lrkafkls' we;a;
jYfhkau Tjqka ;=< /lshd ;Dma;shla ke;ak wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajh
;sfnk ;;a;ajfhka fjkia jk w;r wjdisodhl mr;rhla olakg
we;' fuu wjdisodhl mr;rfhka lshjkqfha .egjla we;s njhs'

.egjla ;sfnk nj k .ekSfuka th if wjYH;dj
u;=f' iu i|yd .egjg fya;=j fyda fya;= uekka ykd.;
hq;=h' fuys,d nqka jod< fya;=M, oyu Wmfhda.S lr.; yelsh' nq

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

132

oyf uQ,sl b.ekauls fya;=M, inkaOh ms<sn| foaYkdj' fuh

ir,j my; laf'

hula yg.ekSug fya;=jla ;sf' yg.;a hu" M,h kka

yekaf' M,h i|yd fya;=jla ;sh hq;=uh'2

fya;=M, oyu hkq h ksYa; fya;=jla uq,alr f.k
M,hla we;sjk nj;a tu ksYa; fya;=j ke;sfuka M,h ke;sjk
nj;ah'

fya;=j

M,h

fya;=j A kkao M,h B kkao ixfla;j;a flf k"

f wkqj"

B we;s jkafka

A ksidh'

A fkdue;s k

B yg fkd.kshs'

A fkdue;s k

B o fkdue;s fjhs'3

f wkqj"

A iy B w;r fya;=M, inkaOhla mj;skq ,ef'

A ;Kaydj hhs o B l hhs o is;uq' ;Kaydj fya;=j jk
w;r l M,h f' l keue;s M,h yg .kafka ;Kaydj keue;s
fya;=j ksidh' ;Kaydj ke;s g l ke;sf' ;Kaydj we;s g l
we;sf' lg fya;=j ;Kaydjhs'

f wkqj kEu .egjla i|yd fya;=jla ;sh hq;=h' we;e
g tla fya;=jlg jvd ;sh yelsh' tg ta ish fya;= fidhd

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

133

.ekSug isf' ukd wOHhkhla u.ska fuh l< hq;=h' fuh ;ksj
l< fkdyels k msila inkaO fyda l< hq;=h' tfiau wod<
.egj ms<sn| fYaI{hl= ,jd o fya;= fidhd .; yelsh' ksoiqkla
jYfhka h NdKavhla i|yd mdfNda.sl b,au my; nei we;ehs
is;kak' f i|yd fya;= lsysmhla n,mE yelsh' NdKavfha , ^wl
u&" wka wdfoaYl NdKavj, , ^idfmaCIj wvq u&" mdfNda.sl
wdodhu ^wvq u&" mdfNda.sl reh ^wvqu&" mdfNda.sl ixLHdj
^wvqu& hkd fya;= n,mEug bv ;sf'

;j;a ksoiqkla jYfhka wkq.dl msfika jvd oCI lsysm
fokl= wdh;kh w;yer f.dia we;ehs is;kak' f i|yd my;
fya;= n,mE yelsh (

1' jev lsf fldkafoais yd ;;a;ajhka wys;lr u ^ld,h"

l%u" WmlrK" wdf,dalh hkd&'
2' kdhlhdf.a j, kdhl;ajh'

3' f;k wvqu ^fjk;a ;rld wdh;k iska iudk

/lshd i|yd je f;k f.u&'

4' mqoa.,sl m%Yak'

5' m%jdyk Ialdr;d'
6' wOHdmk wjia:d u yeu'
7' Wiia wjia:d fkd;su'
8' rdcld lghq;= wm%sh u'
9' fjk;a fya;='


f fya;= w;=ka ienE fya;=j ukd wOHhkhla u.ska k
.; hq;=h' iu fidhd .ekSu .egj iu i|yd w;HjYH
f' iu jkqfha ienE fya;=j ke;s lsuhs' ienE fya;=j ke;s
lsfuka m%Yakh keue;s M,h ke;sfjhs' by; m%:u ksoiqkg wkqj
ienE fya;=j wdfoaYl NdKavj, ^;rlrejka ksmojk iudk

134

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

NdKav& , my; hdu hhs is;kak' fojk ksoiqk i|yd ^jvd oCI
wkq.dlhka wdh;kh yer hdu& fya;j
= Wiia f wjia:d fkd;su
hhs is;kak' f wkqj fya;=j ksYa; jYfhkau ke;s l< hq;=h'
ke;fyd;a tys n,mEu ;=rka l< hq;=h'

iu ;SrKh lsfuka miqj if u. ;SrKh l< hq;=h'
Wla; m%:u ksoiqkg wkqj iu jkqfha wdfoaYl NdKavj, n,mEu
;=rka lsuhs' f i|yd if u ;SrKh l< hq;=h' wdfoaYl
NdKavj, ,g iudk ,la kshu lsu iy ta nj mdfNda.slhkag
jydu ukdj kq u i ud.h h yelsh' ke;fyd;a wdfoaYl
NdKavj,g jvd ;u NdKavfhys .=K;ajh iy $ fyda m%udKh ^we;a;
jYfhkau je k& je nj m%pdrh l< hq;=h' fojk ksoiqkg
wkqj iu jkqfha Wiia f wjia:d we;s lsuhs' f i|yd i
u h yelafla kj Wiia ;k;=re we;s lsu" tajdg wod< f;k"
rdcld" jrm%ido iy ;k;=re kdu we;s lsu" ta i|yd f;dard .kakd
;SrKh lsu iy fjd ms<sn| m%udKj;a ikaksfokhla wod<
wkq.dl msi fj; is lsuhs'

fya;=M, inkaOh mpiuqmamdo Ouh kka yekaf'
mpiuqmamdo Ouh ir, fohla f,i fmkqK o ienekau
th tfia fkdf' nqrcdKka jykafia iska wdkkao yshkag
mpiuqmamdo Ouh myiq fkdj .eUqre nj;a" th ksishdldrj
wjfndaO lr .ekSug fkdyels u ksid i;ajfhda O .egj,g
uqyqK iif w;rux jk nj;a wmdfha mjd la ka Wm; ,nk
nj;a jod< fial'4 mpiuqmamdo Ouh wkqf,dau jYfhka yd
mf,dau jYfhka jrKh lr we;' wkqf,dau f,iska jQ jrKh
my; rEmfhka fmkajd we;'

135

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

fya;=j
woHdj

^p;=rdh i;Hh fkdkSu&


M,h ^fya;=j&
ixialdr we;su

^;sfodka lrk l=i,dl=i, /ia lsu&

M,h ^fya;=j&


M,h ^fya;=j&

hkd

[a[dKh
^m%;sika is; we;su&

kdu rEm we;s u

^uki iy Yrh hk wx. fofla
tl;=j&

i<dh;kh

^wdh;k ih ( wei" lK"

kdih" j" Yrh iy uki keue;s

bkaSh ih&

iamYh fyj;a Miai

^bkash" wruqK yd [a[dKh hk
;=k tlg tl;= u&

fokdj fyj;a kaokh

^iem" l fyda uOHia: fokd&

;Kaydj fyj;a ;DIaKdj

^wdYdj&

Wmdodkh

^is;ska j w,a,d .ekSu&

Njh
^iir meje;au&

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

136

cd;sh

^Njfhys Wm; ,eu&

crd - urK

^uy u" f,v u" urKh

wd la we;su&5

Wla; wkqf,dau mpiuqmamdo Oufhka kdhlhl=g .eg
ifuys,d W.; yels foa my; laf'
1' .egjlg fya;= .Kkdjla ;sh yels nj ^kd kd fya;=
we;s nj&'
2' M,hla ^lsih
s fya;j
= la ksid we;sjk& ;j;a M,hla we;sug
fya;=N+; u'
3' fya;= iy M, w;r meye,s inkaO;djla ;su'
4' fya;=j ke;s lsfuka M,h ke;s lr.; yels u'

mpiuqmamdo Ouh wdh;k l<ukdld;ajh fj; fhdod.; yelso@ mqjk' iEu wdh;khlgu .kqfokqlrefjda is;s'
.kqfokqlrefjda hkq wdh;kfha NdKavh ^fyda NdKav& fyda fiajh
^fyda fiajd& , .kq ,nk mqoa.,fhdah' Tjqka ;Dma;su;a lrkafka
flfia o hkak wdh;k kdhlhl= uqyK
q fok b;d jeo.;a .egjls'
fuu .egj my; m .%y l< yels f'

.egj

fya;=j

mdfNda.sl w;Dma;sh

mdfNda.sl wfmaCId bgq fkdu

NdKAvfha fyda fiajfha wfmaCId
bgqlsf yelshdj fkdue;slu

137

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

NdKavfha fyda fiajfha wod< wx.

uqukskau fkdue;su fyda
m%udKj;aj fkd;su'

wjYH wx. cks; fkdlsu'

wjYH wx. ykd fkd.ekSu'

m%udKj;a wOHhkhla fkdlsu'

ksjer u.fmkaula fkd;su'

kdhlhl=g uqyqK ug isjk m%Odk .egjla jkqfha
l,flda,dy, iuhs' l,flda,dy, hkq .egq f' l,flda,dy,
ziudc lZ jYfhka .efka' fuys,d wdoYhla .; yels foaYkdjla
uyd ksodk iQ;%fhys i|ykaj we;'6 iudc l wkqf,dau mpiuqmamdo kHdh wkqj my; .%y flf'

rEmd wruqKq fiu

;Kaydj

,eu

fyd| fyda krl f,i ksYaph lsu

we,Su

yslu ms<sn| yeSu

yslr .ekSu

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

138

uiqrelu
^wka whg ,nd fkd ;udu
yslr f.k isu&
wdrCId lsu
o~q uq.=re u" w u"
l,flda,dy," jdo" wmydi" fla,d lSu"
fndre lSu hkd wl=i, lu isu'

wye iudchla fyj;a ye fkdjk iudchla we;s jkafka
wehs hkak o m%Odk iudc .egjls' wye iudchla hkq foudmshkg fkdi,lk" .=rejrekg wlSlre" meoaokag .re fkdlrk"
is,aj;a iudchls' fujeks iudchla we;s jkafka ukao hkak
plalj;a;s iSykdo iQ;%fhys 7 .%y lr we;' ta wkqj (
mam;=kag Okh fkd,eu
<slu jeu
fidrlu jeu
foam< /l .ekSf h
w wdhqO nyq,u
m%dK>d;h
fndre lSu yd fla<d lSu
jer ldu fiajkh
r jpk yd ysia jpk Nd;h

139

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

;Hd oDIah we;su

foudmshkag" .=rejrekag" meoaokag fkdi,lk

wye iudchla we;su'

Wla; .%yfhka mam;=kag Okh ,eug ie,eiafuka ye
iudchla f.dvke.sh yels nj fmkakq flf'

;SrK .ekSf bjy,a lr.; yels fn!oaO b.ekauls
fyd|- krl ksYaph ms<sn| ksKdhl' m%Odk ksKdhl ;=kla
b.ekaf'
1'

f;kdj

f wkqj f;kdj mok lrf.k ;SrKh fyd| o krl o
hkak ;SrKh flf' ksfl iQ;%h8 wkqj f;kdj luh jkq
we;ehs nqrcdKkajykafia jod< fial' is;
= ,a,la fyj;a f;kdjla
uq,alrf.k is lrk l%shdjka lu jk w;r is;=,a, krl fyda
fyd| fyda h yelsh' krl is;=,s j. ;=kls' tk f,daNh"
oafYh iy fudayh'9 fyd| is;=,s o j. ;=klg fnfoa' tk
wf,daN f;kdj" woafY f;kdj iy wfuday f;kdj hkqfjks'
f;kdj uq,a lh" jpkh iy uki hk ;=kafodka fyd| lu
^l=i,a& iy krl lu ^wl=i,a& isf' ;SrKhla .kq ,nkafka
krl f;kdjlska k tu ;SrKh krl ;SrKhla jkq we;' .kq
,nk ;SrKh fyd| f;kdjlska .kafka k th fyd| ;SrKhla
jkq we;'10
2'

;SrKh ksid we;sjk m%;sM,

;SrKh fya;=fldg f.k cks; jk m%;sM, wkqj h lsis
;SrKhla fyd|h fyda krlh fyda lshd ksYaph lsu isf' ;SrKh
u.ska ;udg lafoa o" wkqkg lafoa o iy ;udg;a wkqkg;a lafoa o
hkak uid ne,Su ish hq;=h'11 lsish ;SrKhla ksid ;udg la
we;sf k th ksjer ;SrKhla fkdjkq we;' tfiau ;udg la
f.k fkd wka whg la f.k foa k o tu ;SrKh ksjer fkdf'
;udg;a wkqkag;a laf.k foa k ;SrKh jvd jer iy.;h'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

140

3'

kqjKe;a;ka $ fYaI{hkaf.a wkque;sh

kqjKe;a;ka iska .kakd ,o ;SrKh wkqu; lrkafka
k tu ;SrKh fyd| f,i o tfia Tjqka iska wkqu; fkdlrkq
,nkafka k ;SrKh krl f,i o ks.ukh flf'

Wla; ksKdhl ;=k Nd;h u.ska h ;SrKhl fyd| krl
ksYaph l< hq;= nj nqoyf b.ekaf' ld,du iQ;%fhys i|yka
m my; i|yka l%u oyfhka tlla j;a fyd| - krl" y- jer
ksYaphg ;kslr m%udKj;a kq o~q fkdf'

1' wkqY%jh ^jd;d&

2' mdrml Yajdih

3' fmr fufia lshd we;s ksid

4' fmd;mf;a tk ksid

5' ;lhg .e<fmk ksid

6' kHdhlg .e<fmk ksid

7' l,amkdjg wkqrEm ksid

8' oDIahlg .e<fmk ksid

9' fyd| hehs fmfkk ksid

10' wmf.a wdpdhjrhd ksid12

141

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

12 mfoh

ye rdcH kdhlhd

rdcH kdhlhl= hkafkka woyia jkafka rf fmd ck;dj"
fmd foam, yd fmd rdcH wdh;k md,khg inkaO jk ck;d
ksfhda;fhls ^ck;d Pkaofhka m;aj&Q ' ckdm;s" w.ue;s" weu;sjre"
uka;j
S% re hkd mdYjhka fuys,d rdcH kdhlhka jYfhka ie,fla'
ye rdcH kdhlhl= hkq ljfrl= o@ fuu m%Yk
a hg id:l ms<;
s r
= la
fn!oaO b.eka w;r mj;shs' wod< fn!oaO b.eka fuu wjidk
mfofha .%y f'

1'

uQ,sl ila;s j;a

plalj;a;s iSykdo iQ;%fhys 1 mrudoYS Odl fn!oaO
rdcH kdhlhd ^rcl=& ms<sn| ia;r i|yka f' uQ,sl ila;s j;a
y;rls'

) Odlj rg md,kh lsu'

) ksia iy wfkl=;a i;a;aj ; iqrCIs; lsu'

wdl ixjOkh we;s lsu'

) is,aj;a uyK nuqKka f.ka wod< fCIa;%j, ksmqK;d
we;s fYaI{hkaf.ka Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu'

rdcH kdhlhd yefuka fifuka rg md,kh l< hq;=h'
tys,d zOuhZ k .; hq;=h' thg .re l< hq;=h' th wm;s jYfhka

142

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

ie,lsh hq;=h' Oudkql+, mrud: we;s lr.; hq;= w;r O ;SrK

.ekSf Ouhg wkqj ;SrK .; hq;=h'

;u wUq orejka" ish n, fiakdj o" rdcH ;dka;%slhka o"
n%dyauK .Dym;shka o" . ok jeishka o" uyK nuqKka o hkd
ksia ; wdrCId lsu l< hq;=h' ksia ; wdrCId fkdjk
rgl jdih lsug lsis ksfila leue;s fkdfjhs' wOdl ls%hd
is fkdjk whqka lghq;= lsu wjYHhhs'

rgla wdl jYfhka ^ck;djg w;HdjYH NdKav yd
fiajdjka o wfkl=;a wjYH NdKav yd fiajdjka o ksIamdokh je
lsu u.ska& hqKq l< hq;=h' mam;alu ;=rka l< hq;=h' tys,d <s
ckhdg Okh ,nd wdl ixjOkhg Tjqkj
a odhl lr .; hq;h
= '
fuf;la imhd fkd.;a Okh imhd .ekSug;a imhd.;a Okh kdia;s
fkdlr uekka myrKh lsu;a l< hq;=h' wmfNdackfhka
yd uomfNdackfhka bj;aj wrmsueiafuka Okh mfNdackh l<
hq;=h'2

is,aj;a uyK nuqKka lrd f.dia rg md,khg O .eg
iug wjYH wjjdo wkqYdikd kdhlhd iska ,nd .; hq;=h'
wod< lafIa;%j, by< kqu yd l=i,;d we;s fYaI{hkaf.ka
^Ydrohkaf.ka& Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu o fuu j;g wh;a f'3

2' ima; wmydksh Ou

wmydksh hkq fkdmsySuhs' ima; wmydksh Ou hkq
hym;a md,lfhl= ^kdhlhl=& iska fkdmsySug .=re fldg.;
hq;= uQ,Ou y;ls' fuu uQ,Ou y; wkq.ukh lrka nqoaO
ld,Sk j rcorejkaf.a rdcH md,kh ish' Tjqkaf.a md,kh
Yla;su;aj iy ia:djrj mj;ajdf.k hdug fuu Ou y; bjy,a
jQ nj nqrcdKkajykafia jod< fial' wmydksh Ou y; my;
laf'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

1'

143

ks;r /iau

md,kh islrf.k hk g O .eg u;= u iajNdlh'
.eg u;= jQ g tajd i|d .ekSu ;ksj is fkdl< hq;=h' wod<
msi /ia idlPd fldg .eg if l%shdud. ;SrKh l<
hq;=h'
2' iu.sfhka /ia iu.sfhka isr hdu yd ;SrK iu.sfhka

l%shd;aul lsu'

wod< msi ^kdhlhdo we;=j& iu.sfhka /ia h hq;=h'
iu.sfhka idlPd fldg ;SrK .; hq;=h' miqj iu.sfhka isr
hd hq;=h' .;a ;SrK iu.sfhka l%shd;aul l< hq;=h' .kakd ;SrK
;ks mqoa.,fhl=f.a ;SrK fkdj iduQysl ;SrKh' tfyhska /ia jQ
ieufokdgu ;SrKh l%shd;aul lsug leue;a;la we;sjk w;r
tfia id:lj l%shd;aul lsug j.lSula o we;s f'
3' fkdt< ;SrK l%shd;aul fkdlsu yd t< ;SrK

l%shd;aul lsu'

idlPd fldg .kakd ,o ;SrK ^kS;s ;s" m%;sm;a;s& l%shdjg
kexh hq;=h' fkd.kakd ,o foa l%shdjg fkdkexh hq;=h' mek jQ
kshu jQ kS;s ;s ms<sf.k wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' tajd W,a,x>kh
fkdl< hq;=h'
4' jeys mqoa., u;hg" iudcfha fuf;la mej; wd im%odhg
.re lsu'

jeys mqoa.,fhda fndfyda w;alS whfj;s' Tjqkaf.a
w;alS wkqj mok jQ u;hkag tfrys fkdh hq;=h' f olajd
wdrCId fldg mej; wd idudh j;a ms<sfj;aj,g .re l< h q ; = h '
tajdg mgyeksj l%shd fkdl< hq;=h'
5' ia;%Ska l=, l=uhka nf,ka weo mqreI jihg fkd.ekSu

jdy fkdjQ l=, l=uhkag wjYH jQ wdrCIdj ,nd h
hq;=h' ia;%Ska nf,ka ;u lduql wjYH;d bgqlr .ekSu i|yd
Nd; fkdl< hq;=h'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

144

6' iudcfha mQckSh;ajhg md;% jQ ia:dk wdrlaId fldg f.!rj

lsu

wod< m%foaYfhys mj;akd mQckSh ia:dk wdrCId lrka tajd
+.re lsu l< hq;=h' rdcH we;=<; yd msg; tn ia:dk
kv;a;= lsug Wo lsu'
7' wdOHd;al jYfhka hqKq W;=uka i|yd wjYH /ljrKh

ie,iSu'4

wd.l mQcH mCIhg myiql ie,iSu l< hq;=h' Tjqkaj

wdrCId lsu l< hq;=h'

by; uQ,Ou wkq.ukh fkdlrk kdhlhd mydksh lrd
hhs' Tyqf.a $ wehf.a rdcHfhys meje;au ia:djr fkdjkq we;'

3'

oi rdcOu

kdhlhl= ^md,lhl=& i;=h hq;= fY%aIaG .=K Ou 10 la
oi rdcOufhka b.ekaf' md,lhl= fj; mej;sh hq;= hhs
lafjk oi rdcOu fn!oaO md,lhl=f.a muKla fkdj iEu hym;a
md,lhl= fj;u mej;sh hq;= .=KOufhda fj;s' oi rdcOu my;
i|yka f'

) odkh

wd.l w:hg jvd wdl oYk w:h fuys,d wod<
f' rdcH md,khg wod<j odkh hka f kka woyia jka f ka
wdl ixjOkh i|yd;a <slu ;=rka lsu i|yd;a wjYH
jk lghq;= rch iska imdokh l< hq;= njhs' lDIsluh"
fjf<|du" ksIamdokh hkdfhys ksr; mqoa.,hka yd wdh;k
i|yd wjYH m% d .a O k ^uq o ,a yd wfkl= ; a j;a l & myiq l
iyk Kh jYfhka fyda m;Hd. jYfhka fyda ,nd h
hq ; = h ' iq iq l ,;a mq o a . ,hka g rdcH fia j fha /ls h d ,nd
h hq;=h' u i|yd zodkhZ ms<sn| .=Khka kdhlhdg ;sh hq;=h'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

) YS,h

145

kdhlhd ;=< iqp;h ;sh hq;=h' lh iy jpk fol
ixjr lr .ekSf yelshdj kdhlhd ;=< ;su wjYHh h' tg
wka whg wdoYfhka kdhl;ajh ,nd foka wka whj hym;a

ud.fha heug ufmkau ,nd ug Yla;sh we;s f'

) m;Hd.h

md,lhd is k a is h ;h f.jkq ,nka f ka fmd

uyck;djf.a whn j,sks' fmd Okh ish fm!oa.,sl iqL

yrKhg fkdfhdod whn f.jkakkaf.a jk ;;a;ajh

Wiia lsu i|yd l%shd lsf yelshdj m;Hd.h kka

woyia f' ish ld,h" udkisl Yla;sh" Ydl Yla;sh"
Okh yd iqj myiqj rg jeishdf.a wNsjDoah ;ld lem l< yels
.=Kh m;Hd.h f'

) Rcq nj

O m%Yakj, h h mdYjhkag .e;s fkd ^{d;s"

ys;j;=ka hkd& whqla;sh" widOdrKh msgq l hqla;sh yd

idOdrK;ajh bgqlsf yelshdj kdhlhdg ;sh hq;=h'
weo ke;sj tla mCIhlg .e;s fkd hg;a msfika nyq;rhlf.a
whym;g fya;=jk ;SrK fkdf.k wd;au Yla;sh we;sj wjxlj
;SrK .ekSf yelshdj ;sh hq;=h'

) uD nj

kS;s ;s fkdmkjka ys;=jlaldr iy lDDrlfuka
f;drj ys;jdj lghq;= lsf yelshdjla kdhlhdg ;sh hq;=h'
ksoyig uyck;dj leu;s fj;s' thg ydksjk m mSvdld fkdu
h hq;=h'

) ;fmda .=Kh

;fmda .= K h hkq ;mia .= K hhs ' tk rdcH md,kh
keue;s ldhhg uq,a ;ek foka wl f,i ish brka msku
is fkdlrk zrdc WIaKhZ fkdue;s .=Kh ka woyia f' rc
im;a ka muK blaujd brka msku is fkdlr bkash
oukfhka hq;= uhs' jxl iy wjxl jKkd" n,h yd Okh

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

146

talrdYS u hkdfhka wyxldr fkd bkash oukfhka

hqla; mqoa.,fhl= u kdhlhd i;= .=Khls'

) wfl%daOh

wka whg ffjr fkdlsu wfl%daOhhs' fuh b;d jeo.;a

.=Khls' fl%daOh ksid uki Is; jk w;r tg ksjer
hym;a ;SrK .ekSug fkdyels f'

) wysxidj

.=Kh

oro~q f,i ck;dj fkdfmf<k ys x ikfhka f;drjQ

wysxidjhs' fmd kS;s ;s W,a,x>Kh lrk mqoa.,hkag
ksis o~qj fkdh hq;= nj ka woyia fkdf' jrka uqojd
hymf;ys fhou i|yd;a ksia yd foam< wdrCId lsu
i|yd;a Is; idmrd mqoa.,hkag o~qj h hq;=h'

) laIdka;sh

laIdka;sh hkq bjiSf .=Khhs' hym;a ksjer md,lhl=

u i|yd ukd bjiSu w;HjYHh' fuh mqudldr bjiSula
h hq;=h' tfiau th b;d jkd Ouhls'

) wfrdaO;dj

wfrdaO;dj hkq fkd.efgk iq njhs' reoaO wdl,amj,ska
f;drj fmd ck;d y~g ukdj ijka Tjq k a g ldreKs l
u md,lhd is l< hq;=h' mriamr frda woyia" Woyia"

wruqqKq" phd we;s mqoa.,hka iu fkd.e kdhl;aj
mrud: bgqlr .ekSug we;s .=Kh wfrdaO;djhs'

fuu .=Kdx. ish,a,u ishhg ishhlau cks; lr .ekSu b;d
Ialr lghqla;la nj wuq;=fjka i|yka l< hq;= ke;' Ialr fohla
id:lj l%shdjg kexu w;sYsIagf' yqfola l,ams;hla fia fuu
oi rdcOu i,ld neyer lsu lsisfia;au wkqu; l< fkdyelsh'
hg;a msfika Wla; .=Kdx.j,ska nyq;rhla fyda ;sh hq;=h'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

4'

i;r w.;sj,ska je<lSf uQ,Ouh

i;r w.;s hkq Pkaoh" oafIh" Nh iy fudayhhs'5

147

) Pkaoh

Pkaoh hkq tla tla foa inkaOfhka mqoa.,hd ;=< we;s
leue;a;hs' ;SrK .ekSf ish mqoa.,sl wdYd" {d;s inkaO;d"
,dN m%fhdackh" mCImd;s;ajh hkdh u; lghq;= lsu ka
woyia f' ksjer ye kdhl;ajhla i|yd fuhska je<lsh
hq;=h' ish fm!oa.,sl leue;a; fyda ;ud i,lk ;udg wjYH
wka whf.a leue;a ; wkq j fkdj iq ia i dg iq iq ;ek h
hq ; = h ' ks i s rdcld lghq ; = mejh hq ; = h ' id:lj ls ug
fkdyels foa fkdmeju l< hq;=h'

) oafIh

fl%dO
a fhka fyj;a ffjrfhka fm<Su fojk w.;shhs' fuhska
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.%y we;'

) Nh

ish ue;s weu;sjreka" fiiq ks,Odka" fjk;a md,lhka hkd

mdYjhkaf.ka ;udg ydks isfj;ehs hk NS;sh Nh kka

yekaf' f ksid ielh u;= fkdfhl=;a widOdrK

lj,ska wka whg ie,lSug;a Tjqkag lror lsug;a
kdhlhd fm<h yelsh' f ksid O .eg u;= fjhs' ;ud ;=<

is,aj;alula fkd;su;a" ;ud wd;aud:fhka jev lsu;a

lrk fldgf.k fuu Nh we;s fjhs' Nh keue;s w.;sfhka
ug is,aj;alu" mrd:lduh iy hym;a p;h fya;= f'

) fudayh

fudayh hkq fudavluhs' fudavlu we;sjkqfha kQ.;alu yd

nqoaySk;ajh ksidh' fudayh ish jer l%shdjkag uq,a jk
wl=i, uQ,hla ksid th w.;shls' fuu w.;sfhka je<lSu
w;HjYHh h' tfia fkdjqKfyd;a kdhlhdg ye jeroao"

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

148

fyd| fkdfyd|" iqiaid kqiqiaid" hqla;sh whqla;sh yd

l< hqla; fkdl< hqla; jgyd .ekSug Yla;shla fkdue;s
jkq we;' W.;alu yd nqoah fudayh ke;s lsug fya;=
jkq we;'

fuu i;r w.;sfhka je<lS lghq;= lrk kdhlhd mqr mCIfha i| fuka hqKqjk nj;a i;r w.;sfhka lghq;= lrk kdhlhd
wj mCIfha i| fuka msySug m;ajk nj;a nqoyf b.ekaf'6

5'

i;r ix.%y jia;=

ye kdhlfhl= m%h;ak h hq;af;a ish ck;djf.a
iqnfi; ie,iSughs' ta i|yd wkq.ukh l< hq;= ;j;a uQ,Ouhla
jkqfha i;r ix.%y jia;= Nd;hhs'

) odkh

fuh m%:u ia;r h'

) m%sh jpkh

mreI jpkfhka f;drj wka whf.a leue;a; we;sjk m%sh
jpkh Nd; lsu ka woyia f' md,s;fhda m%sh jpkh weiSug
leue;af;ka is;s' Tjqyq wm%sh jpkhg wlue;s fj;s' i;H jqjo
wfhda.H ;ek Nd; fkdl< hq;= nj nqrcdKka jykafia jrla
jod<y'7

) w:phdj

ka woyia jkafka mrd: phdjhs' tk ;ud fjkqfjka
fkdj wka wh fjkqfjka ish phdj fufyh uhs' uydj.a.
md,sfhys i|yka jk zznyqck ys;dh" nyqck iqLdh f,daldkq lmdh
w;a:dhZZ wod< f' ieug fi; msKsi jev lsu rc flfkl=f.a
mru j.lSuhs' fmd ck iqjh msKsi lghq;= lsug YsIag udkisl
;;a;ajhla fyj;a wOHd;auhla kdhlhdg ;sh hq;=h' ta i|yd
fu;a;d" lreKd" uq;d" WfmaCId hk i;r n%yau yrK kdhlhd
iska m%.=K l< hq;= fjhs' fu;a;d hkq ;ukag;a wka whg;a iy

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

149

ish i;a;ajhkag;a hym; me;Suhs' lreKd hkq lska mS; jQ

mqoa.,hkag i;=kag msysg $ Wo uhs' uq;d hkq wka mqoa.,hkaf.a
iem; l i;=gqu yd thg wdYsjdo lsuhs' WfmaCLdj hkq lska
la fkd" iem;ska Wv= fkd is; uOHia:j ;nd .ekSuhs'

) iudkd;au;dj

cd;sh" wd.u" NdIdj" l=,h" jKh hkdh u; mqoa.,hka

fjkiafldg fkdi,ld ish fokdu iudkhhs is;d l%shd
lsu iudkd;au;djfha tla wxYhls' wfkla wxYh jkqfha
wgf,da oyfuka lmd fkd ueoy;aj j;a uhs' wgf,da
oyu ms<sn| fuhg m%:u ia;r we;'

6'

mia uQ,sl ksia whs;sjdisl

m[apiS, m%;smodfjka cks;jk uQ,sl ksia whs;sjdisl
myls' ye kdhlhl= mxp Iap;h fyj;a mia m lsu ms<sfkd.
kshs' ta wkqj ^mkais,a wkqj& iEu ksil=gu uQ,sl whs;sjdisl myla
;sfnk nj ms<sf.k kdhl;ajh fufyh h hq;=h' tu mia uQ,sl
ksia whs;sjdisl fufiah'
1' j;a u ms<sn| whs;sh ^m%:u YsCId mofhka&'
2' im;a wdrCId lsu ms<sn| whs;sh ^fojk YsCId mofhka&'
3' ksjer jdy ;hla mj;ajdf.k hdf whs;sh ^f;jk

YsCId mofhka&'
4' jxpdj,g wiq fkdf whs;sh ^isjk YsCId mofhka&'
5' iq r dfjka f;dr ks f rda . S " nq o a u;a ^uki fydka
mj;ajdf.k&" iduld ;hla .; lsug we;s whs;sh ^miajk
YsCId mofhka&'

uQ,sl ila;s j;a" ima; wmydksh Ou" oi rdcOu"
i;r w.;sj,ska je<lSu" i;r ix.%y jia;= iy mia uQ,sl ksia
whs;sjdisl hk fn!oaO b.eka j,ska uQ,Ou .Kkdjla .%y
f' fjd wkq.ukh lrk kdhlhd ye kdhlhl= jkq we;'

150

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kdhl;ajh

tjeks kdhlhl= ish fokdu iska w.h lrkq ,ef'
tjeks kdhlhl= Ydlj h .sho ^f ;fha& tjeks kdhlhl=
weiqre l<" okakd ksiqkaf.a u;lfhys Tjqka j;ajk f;la Tyq $
weh j;ajkq we;' tjeks kdhlhl= iska cks; lrk ,o id:l
m%;sM, ^ksujq& ksis f,i jd;d .; fuka Tyq $ weh wurKSh
jkq we;' Tng tjeks kdhlhl= ug yelshdj we;s fjdhs wms b;
is;ska m;uq'

151

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) fuys fYaIfhka i|yka lrk ;eka yereKq g Nd; ish ;%m

s g
s l
.%ka: nqoaO chka;s ixialrKhg wh;a nj i,lkak'
02 mfoh
kdhl;ajh ms<sn| fn!oaO ixl,amh
wdka;sl igyka
01'
'ks' mdl j.a.h" Wnl iSykdo iQ;%h'
) u'ks' uyd hul j.a." pq,a,ipl iQ;%h'
) w'ks' Wref, j.a.h'
02'
)
)
)
)
03'

'ks' n%yaucd, iQ;%h'

u'ks' pq,a,y;amfodamu iQ;%h'
u'ks' uyd;KaydixLh iQ;%h'
u'ks' lkaorl iQ;%h'
u'ks' f>daGuqL iQ;%h'

ix'ks' wd,jl iQ;%h'

^ipxyf idOq;rx ridkx&
) iq'ks' lrKShfu;a; iQ;%h'

04'

iq'ks' lrKShfu;a; iQ;%h'

05'

Lq'ks' Oumo md<s" wmamudo j.af.da'

^WGdkjf;da i;suf;da - iqluiai ksiuldfkd
i[a[;iai p Oufkd - wmamu;a;iai hfidaNsjV;s&
^WGdfkakmamudfoak - i[a[fk ofk p
mx lhsrd: fOd - hx f>da kdNslSr;s&

06'
)

07'

cd;lGl:d" iaidfNdack cd;lh'

Lq'ks' Oumo md<s
^iaidid mrud[d;s&
'ks' uydj.a." uydf.dakao iQ;%h'
^h:djd fLd mk fid N.jd ;:dld" h:dld ;:djd" b;s
h:djd ;:dld" h:dld ;:djd' tjx

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

152

08'

) OudkqOummkakx bkdmf.ak iukkd.;x i;a:drx

fkaj w;S;xfia iukqmiaidu k mfk;rys" w[a[;% f;ak
N.jd&
) 'ks' mdidl iQ;%h'
) u'ks' iSykdo iQ;%h'
Lq'ks' Oumo md<s" NslaLq j.af.da'
^plaLqkd ixjfrd idOq - idOq fidaf;ak ixjfrd
>dfKk ixjfrd idOq - idOq ydh ixjfrd&
^ldfhak ixjfrd idOq - idOq jdpdh ixjfrd
ukid ixjfrd idOq - idOq in;a: ixjfrd&
) Lq'ks' Oumomd<s" fldaO j.af.da
^ldfhak ixjq;d rd - wf:da jdpdh ixjq;d
ukid ixjq;d rd
- f; fj iqmixjq;d&
) 'ks' idu[a[M, iQ;%h'
) 'ks' w.a.[a[ iQ;%h'

09'

u'ks' uydlaLlaLkaO iQ;%h'

10'

ix'ks' NslaLqKS ixhq;a;h" fia, iQ;%h'

11'

cd;lGl:d" irNx. cd;lh'

ix'ks' jx.Si ixhq;a;h" iqNdis; iQ;%h'
iq'ks' ux., iQ;%h'
^iqNdis;d p hd jdpd&

12'

u'ks' wdkkao Noafolr; iQ;%h'

13'

wx'ks' p;=lal ksmd;" flaiS iQ;%h'

^w: fLd flis wiaiouidr fhk N.jd f;kqmixl'
Wmixl;ajd N.jka;x wNsjdfo;ajd tluka;x ksiS' tluka;x
ksiSkakx fLd flaisx wiaiouidrx N.jd t;ofjdp'

Fjx p Ljdis" flais i[a[f;d wiaiouidr' l:x mk

Fjx flais" wiaioux fkiS;s'

wyx fLd Nkaf; wiaioux iKafyakms fka" Mrefikams

fka" iKayMrefiakms fka;s'

)
)

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

153

if f; flais" wiaiofuda iKafyakms khx k Wfm;s"

Mrefiakms khx k Wfma;s" iKayMrefiakms khx k Wfm;s" lska;s
kx lfrdaiS;s'

if f Nkaf;a wiaiofuda iKafyakms khx k Wfm;s"

Mrefiakms khx k Wfm;s" iKayMrefiakms khx k Wfm;s"
ykd ;x Nkaf;' ;x lsiai fya;= ud f wdphl=,iai wjKafKda
wfydaiS;s'
N.jd mk Nkaf;a wkq;a;frd mqiouidr" l:x Nkaf;a N.jd
mqioux fka;S;s'
wyx fLd flais" mqioux iKafyakms fka" Mrefiakms fka"
iKayMrefiakms fka" ;;%sox flais" iKayiax b;s ldhiqp;x"b;s
ldhiqp;iai mdflda' b;s jiqp;x" b;s jiqp;iai mdfld'b;s
ufkdaiqp;x" b;s ufkdaiqp;iai mdflda' b;s foajd b;s ukqiaid'

;;%sox flais" Mreiiax" b;s ldhp;x" b;s ldhp;iai mdflda'

b;s jp;x" b;s jp;x mdflda' b;s ufkdp;x" b;s
ufkdap;iai mdflda" b;s ksrfhda" b;s ;srPdkfhdaks" b;s
fm;a;sifhda'

;;%sox flais" iKayMreiiax b;s" b;s ldhiqp;x" b;s ldhiqp;iai

mdfld' b;s ldhp;x" b;s ldhp;iai mdfld" b;s jiqp;x"
b;s jiqp;iai mdflda' b;s p;x b;s p;iai mdflda' b;s ufkdaip
q ;x"
b;s ufkdaiqp;iai mdflda' b;s ufkdap;x" b;s ufkdap;iai mdflda'
b;s foajd b;s ukqiaid" b;s ksrfhda" b;s ;srPdkfhdaks" b;s fm;a;sifhda;s'

if Nkaf;a mqiofuda iKafyak khx k Wfma;s" Mrefiak khx
k Wfma;s" iKayMrefiak khx k Wfma;s" lska;s kx N.jd lfrd;S;s'

if fu flais" mqiofuda iKafyak khx k Wfma;s" Mrefiak
khx k Wfma;s" iKayMrefiak khx k Wfma;s" ykd kx flaiS;s' k fLd
Nkaf;a N.jd mdKd;smdf;da lmam;s' w: p mk N.jd tajudy' ykd ;x flaiS;s'
ipx flais" k ;:d.;iai mdKd;smdf;da lmam;s' wms p fid mqioiaid iKafyak khx k Wfma;s" Mrefiak khx k Wfma;s" iKayMrefiak khx k
Wfma;s" k ;:d.f;da j;a;nx wkqidis;nx u[a[;s' kms [a`C in%yaupd
j;a;nx wkqidis;nx u[a[ka;s jfOda fyai flais" whiai k f h a h x k
;:d.f;d j;a;nx wkqidis;nx u[a[;s" kms [aa`C in%yaupd j;a;nx
wkqidis;nx u[a[ka;s'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

154

fida ys kQk Nkaf;a iqjfpda fyda;s hx k ;:d.f;d j;a;nx wkqidis;nx

u[a[;s' kms [aa`C in%yaupd j;a;nx wkqidis;nx u[a[ka;s'
14'
Lq'ks' Wodk md<s" fndaj.a." f:ar iQ;%h'

^f;ak fLd mk iufhak wdhiaud p idmq;af;da" wdhiaud p

uydfud.a.,a,dfkd" wdhiaudp uydliaifmda" wdhiaud p uydlpdhfkda"
wdhiaud p uydfldf;d" wdhiaud p uydlmamsfkda" wdhiaud p uydpqkafoda"
wdhiaudp wkqreoafOda" wdhiaud p fjf;da" wdhiaud p wdkkafoda" fhak N.jd
f;akqmixlxiq' woaoid fLd N.jd f;a wdhiaukaf;a rf;daj wd.Pkaf;a iajdk
NslaLq wdukaf;ais zztaf;a NslaLf n%dyauKd wd.Pka;s" taf;a NslaLf n%dyauKd
wd.Pka;sZZ&
)
)
)

u'ks' uQ,mKaKdil" muj.a." r:kS; iQ;%h'

u'ks' WmmKaKdil" Nx.j.a." ipNx. iQ;%h
ix'ks' Od;= ixhqla;h" pxlu iQ;%h'

15'

wx'ks' ta;o.a. md<s'

16'
i.

'ks' uydmksndK iQ;%h'

^hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j wNssKay ikaksmd;d ikaksmd; nyq,d
iaika;s jqoafhaj wdkkao" jkx mdlxLd fkd mydks'

ii.

hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j iu.a.d ikaksm;siaika;s" iu.a.d

jqGysiaika;s" iu.a.d jlrKShdks liaika;s" jqoafhaj
wdkkao" jkx" mdlxLd fkd mydks'

iii.

hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j wm[a[;a;x k m[a[dfmiaika;s

m[a[;a;x k iuqPskaiaika;s" h:dm[a[;af;a fmdardfKa
jOf iudodh j;a;siaika;s" jqoafhaj wdkkao jkx
mdlxLd" fkd mydks'

iv.

hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j fh f; jkx juy,a,ld"

f; ilaliaika;s" .reliaika;s" udfkiaika;s" mQfciaika;s"
f;ai[ap fida;nx u[a[siaika;s" jqoafhaj wdkkao jkx
mdlxLd" fkd mydks'

v.

hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j hd ;d l=,s;afhda l=,l=udfhda" ;d k Tla

liai mihay jdfiiaika;s" jqoafhaj wdkkao jkx mdlxLd" fkd
mydks'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

155

vi. hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j hdks ;dks jkx jf;shdks wNka;rdks

fj ndysrdks p" ;dks ilaliaika;s" .reliaika;s" udfkiaika;s" mQfciaika;s"
f;ai[ap kakmqnx" l;mqnx" Olx n,sx fkd mydfmiaika;s" jqoafhajwdkkao jkx mdlxLd" fkd mydks'
vii. hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" jkx wrykaf;aiq Old rlaLdjrK.=;a;s
iqixys;d Niaika;s' lska;s wkd.;d p wrykaf;da ;x wd.fPhHqx wd.;d p
wrykaf;da f;a Mdiqx yfrhHqka;s" jqoafhaj wdkkao jkx mdlxLd" fkd
mydks'&
17'

'ks' uydmksndK iQ;%h'

i.

^hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j wNssKayikaksmd;d ikaksmd; nyq,d

Niaika;s jqoafhaj wdkkao" jkx mdlxLd fkd mydks'

ii.

hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j iu.a.d ikaksm;siaika;s" iu.a.d

jqGysiaika;s" iu.a.d jlrKShdks liaika;s" jqoafhaj
wdkkao" jkx" mdlxLd fkd mydks'

iii. hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j wm[a[;a;x k m[a[dfmiaika;s m[a[;a;x

k iuqPskaiaika;s" h:dm[a[;af;a fmdardfKa jOf iudodh
j;a;siaika;s" jqoafhaj wdkkao jkx mdlxLd" fkd mydks'
iv.

hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j fh f; jkx juy,a,ld" f;

ilaliaika;s" .reliaika;s" udfkiaika;s" mQfciaika;s" f;ai[ap
fida;nx u[a[siaika;s" jqoafhaj wdkkao jkx mdlxLd" fkd
mydks'&

18'

ix'ks' Ouplalmamj;a;k iQ;%h'

u'ks'" ipNx. iQ;%h

19'

u'ks'" rGmd, iQ;%h'

20'



21'

Lq'ks' Oumo md<s" mKa; j.a.

^kskxj mj;a;drx - hx miafi jc oiaiskx
ks.a.hayjdx fOdx ;dix mKa;x Nfc
;dix Ncudkiai fifhHd fyda;s k mdmsfhd&
'ks'" mdl j.a." plalj;a;S iQ;%h'

22'

- tu -

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

156

23'

ix'ks'" bifhdaiuqoaol iQ;%h'

^hdix jmf;a cx - ;dix yrf;a M,x&

24'

Lq'ks'" Oumo md<s" hul j.a.'

^ufkdamqnx.ud Oud - ufkdafiGd ufkdauhd
ukid f mfGk Ndi;s jd lfrda;s jd
;f;da kx laLukaf;S plalx j jyf;da mox&

^ufkdamqnx.ud Oud - ufkdafiGd ufkdauhd

ukid f mikafkak - Ndi;s jd lfrda;s jd
;f;da kx iqLukaf;S - Pdhd j wkmdhsks&

25'

- tu -

26'

wx'ks'" jH.a>mc iQ;%h'

^p;a;dfrda fu jH.a>mc l=,mq;a;iai GOuiqLdh"
GOuys;dh" imrdhys;dh" imrdhiqLdh" ixj;a;ka;s&
i. WGdk imod
ii. wdrlaL imod
iii. l,HdK ;a;;d
iv. iul;d

i. ioaOd
ii. iS,
iii. pd.
iv. m[a[d

157

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

03 mfoh
Oudkql+, mrud:
wdka;sl igyka
01'

Lq'ks' Oumo md<s" mKa; j.a.'

^k w;a;fya;= k mriai fya;=
k mq;a; f k Okx rGx
k bfPhH wOfk ioau;a;fkd
i iS,jd m[a[jd Oflda ishd& 84

02'

- tu -

03'

wx'ks' jKscd iQ;%h

^m[af NslaLf jKscd wlrKShd
i. i;a:jKscd
ii. i;a;jKscd
iii. uxijKscd
iv. ucjKscd
v. ijKscd&

04'

u'ks' ipNx. iQ;%h

wx'ks' iudwdj iQ;%h

05'
ix'ks' wGl ksmd;h" .ym;s j.a.h" uydkdu iQ;%h'

^ls;a;dj;d mk Nkaf;a" Wmdifld iS,jd fyd;S;s' hf;d fLd uydkdu"
Wmdifld mdKd;smd;d mrf;da fyda;s" wkakdodkdd mrf;da fyda;s" ldfuiq
Pdpdrd mrf;da fyda;s" uqidjdo mrf;da fyda;s" iqrdfrh ucmudoGdkd
mrf;da fyda;s" t;a;dj;d fLd uydkdu" Wmdifld iS,jd fyda;S;s'
ls;a;dj;d mk Nkaf;a" Wmdifld w;a;ys;dh mmkafkda fyda;s" mrys;dh pd;s'

hf;da fLd uydkdu Wmdifld w;a;kd p ioaOdimkafkda fyda;s"
mr[ap ioaOdimodh iudofma;s' w;a;kd p iS,imkafkda fyda;s" mr[ap
iS,imodh iudofma;s' w;a;kd p pd. imkafkda fyda;s" mr[ap pd. imodh
iudofma;s' w;a;kd p NslaLQkx oiaikldfuda fyda;s mr[ap NslaLQkx oiaifka
iudofma;s' w;a;kd p ioaOux fida;=ldfuda fydOdrKcd;sfldafyda;s" mr[ap
OuOrKdh iudofma;s' w;a;kd p O;dkx Oudkx w;a:Qm mla fyda;s" mr[ap
w;a:QmmlaLdh iudofma;s' w;a;kd p w;a:u[a[dh" Ouu[a[dh" OudkqOummkafkda fyda;s" mr[ap OudkqOumm;a;shd iudofma;s' t;a;dj;d
fLd uydkdu Wmdiflda w;a:ys;dh p mmkafkda fyda;s" mrys;dh pd;s'&

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

158

06'

u'ks' ipNx. iQ;%h

07'

u'ks' uu mKaKdil" wn,ld rdyqf,dajdo iQ;%h'

^hx lux fkaj w;a;nHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" mrnHdndOdh
ixj;af;hH" WNhnHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" ;x lux l=i,x'

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03'

ukqiauD;sh 1' 88
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05'

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08'
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jiais;d' ;:Qmudyx NslaLf bux mq.a.,x jod'


jiais;d
.;d'

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p ;:Qmudyx NslaLf bux mq.a.,x jod'

bf fLd NslaLf p;a;dfrda j,dyl+mud mq.a.,d ikaf;da ixcudkd
f,daliaka;s'
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iQ;%h'

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f,daliax'

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NslaLf

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^hx lux fkaj w;a;nHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" mrnHdndOdh
ixj;af;hH" WNhnHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" ;x lux l=i,x'

02'

hx lux w;a;nHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" mrnHdndOdh

ixj;af;hH" WNhnHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" ;x lux wl=i,x'&

03'

- tu -

04'

Lq'ks' Oumo md<sh" iyiai j.a.'

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iS,jka;iai dhsfkda 110
fhd fp jiaii;x f
wmiaix WohjHhx"
taldyx ;x fifhHd
miaif;da WohjHhx'& 114

05'

Lq'ks' LqoaolmdG" fu;a; iQ;%h'

06'

- tu - ^ilaflda" WcQ p" iQcQ p&

07'

Lq'ks' Oumo md<s"

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uqidjdo mrf;da fyda ; s " iq r dfrh ucmudoGdkd mrf;da
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iq'ks' Wr.j.a." ji, iQ;%h'

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09'

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11'
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cd;lG l;d" frdau cd;lh'

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13'

Lq'ks' LqoaolmdfGd" ux., iQ;%h'

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14'

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02'

kh msglh" uydj.a. md<s'

03'

wx'ks' l ksmd;h'

04'

Lq'ks' LqoaolmdG" fu;a; iQ;%h'

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05'

Lq'ks' LqoaolmdG" ux., iQ;%h'

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06'

Lq'ks' Oumomd<s" nd,j.a.'

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07'

wmodk md<sh" fud wmodk'

08'

iq'ks' Wr.j.a." ji, iQ;%h'

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02'

flf,ia tlaoyiamkaishh'

03'

u'ks' pq,a,luNx. iQ;%h" u'ks' uydluNx. iQ;%h'

04'

Lq'ks' Oumomd<s'
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05'

Lq'ks' Oumomd<s'
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06'

Lq'ks' Oumomd<s" iqL j.af.da'

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07'

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09'

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fldaOdNsN+;iai whx fLd NslaLf ;;sfhda Ofuda im;a;lkaf;da

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n,m;d fiaod jla;a;d Old Ou,oaod" f;ams rdcdfKda rdcfldaix
mffika;s fldaOdNsN+;iai whx NslaLf p;=;af:d Ofuda
im;a;lalkaf;da im;a;lrfKda fldaOkx wd.P;s b;ax jd mqixjd'

mqkpmrx NslaLf im;af;da im;a;iai tajx bP;s wfyda j;dhx k

hijd wiaid;s' ;x lsiai fya;= k NslaLf im;af;da im;a;iai hij;dh
kkao;s' fldaOfkdahx NslaLf mqimq.a.f,da fldaOdNsN+f;da fldaOmff;da'
fhdamsiai fida fyda;s hfida wmamudod.f;da ;ydms Oxi;s fldaOdNsN+f;da whx
NslaLf m[apfuda Ofuda im;a;lalkaf;da im;a;lrfKda fldaOkx wd.P;s
b;ax jd mqix jd' mqkpmrx NslaLf im;af;da im;a;iai tajx bP;s wfyda
j;dhx k ;a;jd wiaid;s' ;x lsiai fya;= k NslaLf im;af;da im;a;iai
;a;j;dh kkao;s'
fldaOfkdahx NslaLf mqimq.a.f,da fldaOdNsN+f;da
fldaOmff;da fhamsiai f;a fydka;s ;a;dupd [d;sif,days;d f;ams wdrld ;x
mjfcka;s fldaOdNsN+;x whx NslaLf PfGda Ofuda im;a;lkaf;da

im;a;lrfKda fldaOkx wd.P;s b;ax jd mqix jd'

mqkpmrx NslaLf im;af;da im;a;iai tjx bP;s' wfyda j;dhx

ldhiai fNaod mrurK wmdhx .a.;sx ksmd;x ksrhka WmamfchHd;s ;x lsiai
fya;=' k NslaLf im;af;da im;a;iai iq.;s.ufkak kkao;s' fldaOfkdahx
NslaLf mqimq.a.f,da fldaOdNsN+f;da fldaO mff;da ldfhak p;x pr;s'
jdpdh p;x pr;s' ukid p;x pr;s' fida ldfhak p;x
p;ajd - fm - ldhiai fNaod mrurKd wmdhka .a.;sx ksmd;x khx
Wmmc;s fldaOdNsN+f;da whx NslaLf i;a;fuda Ofuda im;a;lalkaf;da
im;a;lrfKda fldaOkx wd.P;s b;ax jd mqix jd' bf fLd NslL
a f i;a;Oux
im;a;lalka;d im;a;lrKd fldaOkx wd.Pka;s b;ax jd mqixjd;s'
02'

Lq'ks' Oumomd<s" fldaOj.af.da'

03'

Lq'ks' Oumomd<s" fldaOj.af.da'

^wlafldafk fk fldaOx
widOqx idOqkd fk
fk lohx Odfkak
ifk w,sljdkx'&

fn!oaO uQ,Ou
04'

Lq'ks' Oumomd<s" hulj.af.da'

^k ys ffk frdks
iuka;sO l=odpkx
wffk p iuka;s
tai Ofuda ikka;fkd'&

Lq'ks' Oumomd<s" hulj.af.da'

^wlafldPs ux wj ux
wks ux wydis fu
fh ;x Wmkhayka;s
frx f;aix k iu;s'&

05'

Lq'ks' Oumomd<s" mKa;j.af.da'

^fiaf,da h:d tal>fkd
jdf;ak k ir;S
tjx kskaodmixidiq
k i[acka;s mKa;d'&

06'
)

171

wx'ks' ;sl ksmd;" NrKavqj.a.'

wNsOu msglh" mq.a.,m[a[;a;s" ;sl ud;sld

07'
wx'ks' oil ksmd;" oiOu iQ;%h'

^luiaifldays" luodhdfoda" lufhdaks" lunkaOq"
lumirfKd" hxlux liaid" l,HdKx jd mdmlx jd" ;iaiodhdfoda"
Niaid'&
08'

Lq'ks' Oumomd<s" hulj.a.'

09'
iQ;%h'

wx'ks' wGl ksmd;" mGumKaKdil" fu;a;dj.af.da" fu;a;dksixi

iqLx iqm;s" iqLx mnq;s" k mdmlx iqmskx miai;s" ukqiaidkx

msfhdafyda;s" wukqiaidkx msfhdafyda;s" foaj;d rlaLka;s" kdiaiw.a.s jd
ix jd" i;a:x jd lu;s' W;a;x wmamkaf;d n%yau f,dal+mf.da
fyda;s'

10'

u'ks' iSykdoj.af.da" ;laliKaGdk iQ;%h'

^fu;a;dh NslaLf ff;dauqla;shd" wdfia;dh" Nd;dh"

nyq,Sl;dh" hdksl;dh" j;a:ql;dh" wkq;dh" m;dh"
iqiudroaOdh" wGdksixid mdlldx l;f wG'

172

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

^bO NslaLf NslaLqkd hx ks;a;x wd.u hx ks;a;x ukislfrdf;d
Wmamcka;s mdmld wl=i,d ;lald PJmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms"
f;a k Ns l a L f Ns l a L q k d ;yd ks ;a ; d w[a [ x ks ;a ; x ukis l d;nx
l=imixys;x ;iai ;yd ks;a;d w[a[x ks;a;x ukislfrdf;d l=imixys;x
fha mdmld wl=i,d ;lald Pkamixys;dms fodaiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms
f;amyShka;s f;a wN;a;x .Pka;s f;aix mdydkd w;a;fuj ;a;x ika;
s G;s
ikaksiSo;s tfldfyd;s iudfh;s' fihH:dms NslaLf olafLd m,.Kafvdajd
m,.Kavkaf;ajdisjd iqLqudh wdkshd ,dlx wdKsx wNskSyfkhH wNskSyfrhH
wNskSjfchH tjfuj fLd NslaLf NslaLqfkda hx ks;a;x wd.u hx ks;a;x
ukislfrdaf;da Wmamcka;s mdmld wl=i,d ;lald Pkamixys;dms fodaim
Q ixys;dms
fudayQmixys;dms f;ak NslaLf NslaLqkd ;yd ks;a;d w[a[x ks;a;x ukisld
;nx' l=imixys;x fha mdmld wl=i,d ;lald Pkamixys;dms fodaiQmixys;dms
fudayQmixys;dms f;a myShka;s f;a wN;a;x .Pka;s f;aix mydkd w;a;fj
;a;x ika;sG;s ikaksiSo;s tfld fyda;s iudh;s'

;ia i fj Ns l a L f Ns l a L q f kd ;yd ks ;a ; d w[a [ x ks ;a ; x

ukis l frdf;d l= i mixys ; x Wma m cka f ;dj mdmld wl= i ,d ;la l d
PJmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;ak NslaLf NslaLqkd f;ix
;laldkx wdkfjdWmmla;fnd' b;smsfu ;lald wl=i,d" b;smsf
;lald idjcd" b;smsf ;lald la L mdld;s ' ;ia i f;ix ;la l dkx
wdkjx WmmlaLf;d fh mdmld wl=i,d ;lald PJmixys;dms fodiqmixys;dms
fudyQmixys;dms" fk myShk;s' f; wNF:x .Pka;s' f;ix mydkd w;a;fj
;a;x ika;sG;s ikaksiSo;s tfld fyd;s iudh;s'

fihH:dms NslaLf b;ajd mqfid jd oyfrd hqjd uKavklcd;sfld

wysl=Kfmkjd l=lal=rl=Kfmk jd ukqiail=Kfmk jd lKafGd wdi;af;ak
wfhhH yrdfhhH .=fpPhH" tjfuj fLd NslaLfj ;iai fj NslaLqfkd
;ydms ks;a;d w[a[ ks;a;x ukislfrdf;d l=imixys;x Wmamckaf;j
mdmld wl=i,d ;lald PJmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyqmixys;dms" f;k
NslaLf NslaLqkd f;ix ;laldkx wdkfjd Wmmla;fnd" b;smsf ;lald
wl=i,d" b;smsf ;lald idjcd" b;smsf ;lald lalmdld;s' ;iai f;ix
;laldkx wdkjx WmmlaLf;d fh mdmld wl=i,d ;lald PJmixys;dms
fodiQmixys;dmsfudyQmixys;dms" f; myShka;s' f; wN;a:x .Pka;s f;ix mydkd w;a;fj ;a;x ika;sG;s ikaksiSo;s tfld fyd;s iudh;s';iai
fj NslaLf NslaLqfkd f;ix ;laldkx wdkjx WmmlaLf;d Wmamckaf;j
mdmld wl=i,d ;lald PJmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;k
NslaLf NslaLqkd f;ix ;laldkx wi;s wukisldfrd wdm;fnd ;iai f;ix
;laldkx wi;s wu;isldrx wdmcf;d fh mdmld wl=i,d ;lald PJmixys;dms
fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f; m.Shka;s' f; wN;a:d .Pka;s' f;ix

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

173

mydkd w;a;fj ;a;x ika;sG;s ikaksi;s tfld fyd;s iudh;s'

fihH:dms NslaLf plaLqud mqfid wdmd:.;dkx rEmdkx woiaikldfud wiai"
fid ;Sf,hH jd w[af[ak jd wmf,dflhH' tjfuj fLd NslaLfj ;iai fj
NslaLqfkd f;ims ;laldkx wdkjx WmmlaLf;d Wmamckaf;j mdmld
wl=i,d ;lald PJmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dmss fudyQmixys;dms" f;k NslaLf
NslaLqkd f;ix ;laldkx wi;s wu;isldrx wdmcf;d fh mdmld wl=i,d
;lald PJmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms f; myShka;s f; wN;a:x
.Pka;s" f;ix mydkd w;a;fj ;a;x ika;sG;s ikaksi;s tfld fyd;s
iudh;s'

;iai fj NslaLf NslaLqfkd f;ims ;laldkx wi;s wu;isldrx
wdmcf;d Wmamckaf;j mdmld wl=i,d ;lald PJmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms
fudyQmixys;dms" f;k NslL
a f NslL
a k
q d f;ix ;laldkx ;laliLdriKaGdkx
ukis ld;nx' ;iai f;ix ;laldkx ;laliLdriKaGdkx ukislfrdf;d
fh mdmld wl=i,d ;lald PJmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;
myShka;s f; wN;a:x .Pka;s' f;ix mydkdc;a;fj ;a;x ika;sG;s
ikaksiSo;s tfld fyd;s iudh;s'

fihH:dms NslL
a f mqfid iS>x .fPhH" ;iai tjuiai lskk
a q fLd wyx
iS>x .Pd" hkakk
Q dyx ikslx .fPhHka;'s fid ikslx .fPhH' ;iai tjuiai
lskakqfLd wyx ikslx .Pd" hkakq;dyx ;sfGhHka;s' fid ;sfGhH' ;iai
tjuiai' lskakq fLd wyx f;d" hkakq kdyx ksiSfohHka;s' fid ksiSfohH' ;iai
tjuiai' lskakq fLd wyx ksiskaf;d" hkakQkdyx ksmfchHka;s' fid ksmfchH'
tjx ys fid NslaLf mqfid T<dlx T<dlx bhdm:x wNsksjfc;ajd iqLqux
iqLqux bhdm:x lmafmhH' tjfuj fLd NslaLf ;iai fj NslaLqfkd f;ims
;laldkx wi;s wukhsldrx wdmcf;d Wmamckaf;j mdmld wl=i,d ;lald
PJmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;k NslaLf NslaLqkd f;ix
;laldkx ;laliLdriKaGdkx ukisld;nx' ;iai f;ix ;laldkx
;laliLdrKaGdkx ukislfrdf;d fh mdmld wl=i,d ;lald PJmixys;dms
fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f; myShka;s f; wN;a:d .Pka;'s f;id myd;d
w;a;fj ;a;x ika;sG;s ikaksiSo;s tfld fyd;s iudh;s'

;iai fj NslL
a f NslL
a f
q kd f;ims ;laldkx ;laliLdriKaGdkx
ukis l frdf;d Wma m cka f ;j mdmld wl= i ,d ;la l d PJmixys ; dms
fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;k NslaLf NslaLqkd okaf; ysoka;udOdh
jydh ;dx wdyp fj;id ;a;x wNsks.a.Kays;nx wNsksmamSf<;nx
wNsika;dfm;nx' ;iai okaf;a Nsoka;udOdh jydh ;dx wdyp fj;id
;a;x wNsks.a.Kayf;d wNsksmamS<hf;d wNsika;dmhf;d fh mdmld wl=i,d
;lald PJmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;myShka;s' f;
wN;a:x .Pka;s' f;ix mydkd w;a;fj ;a;x ika;sG;s ikaksi;s

174

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

tfld fyd;s iudh;s ' fihH:dms Ns l a L f n,jd mq fid n,;rx

mqix iS fi jd .fyFjd nfJO jd .fyFjd wNsks.a.fKyhH wNsksmamSf<hH
wNsika;dfmhH" tjfuj fLd NslaLf ;iaifj NslaLqfkd f;ims ;laldkx
;laliLdriKaGdkx ukislfrdf;d Wmamckaf;j mdmld wl=i,d ;lald
PJmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;k NslaLf NslaLqkd okaf;
Nsoka;udOdh jydh ;dx wdNp fj;id ;a;x wNsk.
s .
a Kyf;d wNskm
s m
a <
S hf;d
wNsika;dmhf;d fh mdmld wl=i,d ;lald PJmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms
fudyQmixys;dms" f; myShka;s' f; wNF:x .Pka;s' f;ix mydkd w;a;fuj
;a;x ika;sG;s ikaksiSo;s tfld fyd;s iudh;s'

175

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

09 mfoh
kdhl;aj .=Kdx.
wdka;sl igyka
01'
wx'ks' wGl ksmd;" l=iS;drNj;a:q iQ;%h" l=iS;j;a:q'

^wudks NslaLf l=iS;j;a:Qks l;udks wG

bO NslaLf ;iai tjx fyd;s' lux fLd fu l;a;nx Niai;s'
lux fLd mk fu lfrdka;iai ldfhd ls,iai;s yJodyx ksmcd;s' fid

ksc;s" k hx wdrN;s wmam;a;iai m;a;shd wk.;iai w.udh

wiPsl;iai iPslshdh' box NslaLf mGux l=iS;j;a:q' mqkpmrx
;iai tjx fyd;s wyx fLd lux wldisx" lux fLd mk fu lfrdka;iai ldfhd ls,fka;d" yJodyx ksmcd;s' fid ksmc;s" k hx wdry;s wmam;a;iai
m;a;shd wk.;iai w.udh wiPsl;iai iPslshdh' box NslaLf ;shx
l=iS;j;a:q'

mqkpmrx ;iai tjx fyd;s u.af.d fu .ka;fnd Niai;s" u.a.x fLd
mk fu .Pka;iai ldfhd ls,iai;s" yJodyx ksmcd;s' fid ksmc;s k hx
wdrN;s wmam;a;iai m;a;shd wk.;iai w.udh wiPsl;iai iPslshdh box
NslaLf" ;;shx l=iS;j;a:q'

mqkpmrx ;iai tjx fyd;s wyx fLd u.af.d w.udisx" u.a.x fLd mk
fu .Pka;iai ldfhd ls,fka;d" yJodyx ksmcd;s" fid ksmc;s" k hx
wdrN;s wmam;a;iai m;a;shd wk.;iai w.udh wiPsl;iai iPslshdh' box
NslaLf p;=F:x l=iS;F:q'

mqkpmrx NslaLf NslaLq .dux jd ks.ux jd msKavdh prkaf;d k ,y;s
Liai jd mKS;iai jd fNdckiai hdjoF:x mdmQx' ;iai tjx fyd;s wyx fLd
.dux jd ks.ux jd msKavdh prkaf;d kd,F:x Liai jd mKS;iai jd fNdckiai
hdjoF:x mdmQx" ;iai fu ldfhd ls,fk;d" wlu[af[dayx" ksmcd;s' fid
ksmc;s' - fm - wiPsl;iai iPslshdh' box NslaLf" m[apux l=iS;j;a:q'

mqkpmrx NslL
a f NslL
a q .dux jd ks.ux jd msKv
a dh prkaf;d,N;s Liai
jd mKS;iai jd fNdckiai hdjoF:x mdmQx' ;iai tjx fyd;s' wyx fLd .dux jd
ks.ux jd msKavdh prkaf;d w,F:x Liai jd mKS;iai jd fNdckiai hdjoF:x
mdmQx' ;iai fu ldfhd .refld wlu[af[d" udid;x u[af[d" yJodyx
ksmcd;s fid ksmc;s - fm - wiPsl;iai iPslshdh' box NslaLf cGx
l=iS;j;a:q'mqkpmrx NslaLf NslaLqfkd Wmamfka;d fyd;s wmamu;a;fld wdndfOd"

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

176

;iai tjx fyd;s' Wmamkafkd fLd fu whx wmamu;a;fld wdndfOd" wFlmafmd

ksm;=x yJodyx ksmcd;s' fid ksmc;s - fm - wiPsl;iai iPsl
s hdh'
box NslaLf i;a;ux l=iS;j;a:q'

mqkpmrx NslL
a f NslL
a q .s,dkd jqf;d fyd;s" wrjqf;d f.,[a[d'
;iai tjx fyd;s' wyx fLd .s,dkd jqf;d wrjqf;d f.,[a[d" ;iai fu
ldfhd nf,dwlu[af[d' yJodyx ksmcd;s' fid ksmc;s" k hx wdrN;s
wmam;a;iai m;a;h
s d wk.;iai w.udhs wiPsl;iai iPsl
s hdh' box NslL
a f
wGux l=iS;j;a:q'
02'

Lq'ks' iq;a; ksmd;h" Wr.j.a." fu;a; iQ;%h'

^ilaflda" WcQ p" iQcQ p" iqjfpda" piai uq" wk;sudkS"
ika;=iaiflda p iqNfrda p" wmamlsfpda p i,a,yqljq;a;S"
ika;skasfhda p ksmflda p wmam.fNda l=f,iq wkkq.soafOda'
kp Lqoaox iudpf ls[a fhak [a[Qmf WmjfohHqx"
iqfkda jd fLfkda fydka;= if i;a;d Njka;= iq i;a;d'''''''&

03'

Lq'ks' Oumo md<s" NslaLq j.af.da'

^plaLqkd ixjfrd idOq
- idOq fidaf;ak ixjfrd
>dfKk ixjfrd idOq - idOq jydh ixjfrd& 360
^ldfhak ixjfrd idOq - idOq jdpdh ixjfrd
ukid ixjfrd idOq - idOq in;a: ixjfrd& 361

04'

Lq'ks' Oumomd<s" oKavj.a.'

^if ;ika;s oKaviai
if Ndhka;s upqfkda
w;a;dkx Wmux l;ajd
k yfkhH k >d;fha'

if ;ika;s oKaviai
ifix ;x mshx
w;a;dkx Wmux l;ajd
k yfkhH k >d;fha'&

05'

Lq'ks' iq;a; ksmd;h" Wr.j.a." fu;a; iQ;%h'

^ilaflda" WcQ p" iQcQ p" iqjfpda" piai uq" wk;sudkS" ika;=iaiflda p
iqNfrda p" wmamlsfpda p i,a,yqljq;a;S" ika;skasfhda p ksmflda p
wmam.fNda l=f,iq wkkq.soafOda' kp Lqoaox iudpf ls[a fhak
[a`Cmf WmjfohHqx" iqfkda jd fLfkda fydka;= if i;a;d
Njka;= iq i;a;d'''''''&

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

177

06'

Lq'ks' iq;a; ksmd;h" Wr.j.a." fu;a; iQ;%h'

^ilaflda" WcQ p" iQcQ p" iqjfpda" piai uq" wk;sudkS" ika;=iaiflda p
iqNfrda p" wmamlsfpda p i,a,yqljq;a;S" ika;skasfhda p ksmflda p
wmam.fNda l=f,iq wkkq.soafOda' kp Lqoaox iudpf ls[a fhak
[aa`Cmf WmjfohHqx" iqfkda jd fLfkda fydka;= if i;a;d
Njka;= iq i;a;d'''''''&

07'

wx'ks' oil ksmd;" lrcldhj.a." mGu ksrh iQ;%h'

Oud[S
kdhl;ajh

178

10 mfoh
kdhl;aj .=Kdx. iy hq;=l
wdka;sl igyka
01'

cd;lGl:d" mGuNd." jKaKqm: cd;lh" msgq 99-103'

02'

cd;lGl:d" mGuNd." M, cd;lh" msgq 232-233'

03'

cd;lGl:d" mGuNd." ifudaoudk cd;lh" msgq 181-183'

04'
'ks' ;D;ShNd." mdlj.a." isd, iQ;%h'

^m[apys fLd .ym;smq;a; Gdfkays whsrflak fyudid odilu rd
mpQmGd;nd' h:dn,x h:dluka;ixOdfkak" N;a;f;kdkqmamodfkak"
.s,dkqmGdfkak wPhdkxridkx ixNdf.ak" iufhafjdiai.af.ak" bfuys fLd
.ym;smq;a; m[apys Gdfkays whsrflak fyudid odilulrd mpQm;d
m[apys Gdfkays whsrlx wkqlmka;s' mqnGdhsflda p fyd;s" mPd ksmd;sf;da
p" kakxodhsfkda p" iql;lulrd p" ls;a;sjkakyrd p" bfuys fLd .ym;smq;a;
m[apys Gdfkays whsrflak fyudid odilulrd mpQm;d bfys m[apys
Gdfkays whsrlx wkqlmka;s' tjuiai tid fyudid mPka;d fyd;s fud
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01'

u'ks' Nx.j.a." ipNx. iQ;%h'

02'

- tu -

03'

- tu -

04'

ix'ks' mpiuqmamdo iQ;%h'

05'

- tu -

06'
'ks' ;shNd." uydksodk iQ;%h'

^b;s fLd mfka;x wdkkao fokx mp ;Kayd" ;Kayx mp mfhaikd" mfhaikx mp ,dfNda" ,dNx mp ksPfhda" ksPhx mp
PJordf.d" PJord.x mp wfdidkx" wfdidkx mp m.a.fyd" m.a.yx
mp uPhx" uPhx mp wdrlafLd" wdrlaLdlrKx mp oKavdodk
iF:dodkl,y.a.yjdo;=jx ;=jx fmiq[a[uqidjdod wfkafla mdmld wl=i,d
Oud iNjka;s'

wdrla L dlrKx oKa v dodkiF:dodkl,y-.a . y-jdo-;= j ka ; = j x fmi[a[ - uqidjdod wfkafla mdmld wl=i,d Oud iNjka;S;s b;s fLd mfka;x
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wfkafla mdmld wl=i,d Oud iNfjhHqka;s''''''&

07'

'ks' mdlj.a." plalj;a;S iq;%h'

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fjmq,a,u.udis' wkakdodfka fjmq,a,x .f; iF:x
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uxiq wOurdf.d iuf,dfNd PdOfuda ;Siq Ofiq fjmq,a,x .f;iq bfu
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08'

wx'ks' ksfl iQ;%h'

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jdpdh ukid'&

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wx'ks' ;sl ksmd;h'

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u'ks' uu mKaKdil" wn,ld rdyqf,dajdo iQ;%h'

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ixj;af;hH" WNhnHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" ;x lux l=i,x'

hx lux w;a;nHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" mrnHdndOdh

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181

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12 mfoh
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'ks' mdlj.a." plalj;a;s iQ;%h'

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- tu -

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04'
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'ks' uydmksndK iQ;%h'

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ii.

hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j iu.a.d ikaksm;siaika;s" iu.a.d

jqGysiaika;s" iu.a.d jlrKShdks liaika;s" jqoafhaj wdkkao"
jkx" mdlxLd fkd mydks'

iii.

hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j wm[a[;a;x k m[a[dfmiaika;s

m[a[;a;x k iuqPskaiaika;s" h:dm[a[;af;a fmdardfKa
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fkd mydks'

iv.

hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" j fh f; jkx juy,a,ld" f;

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mydks'

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fn!oaO uQ,Ou

183

vii. hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" jkx wrykaf;aiq Old rlaLdjrK.=;a;s

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05'

'ks' isdf,dajdo iQ;%h'

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06'

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07'
u'ks' uumKaKdil" .ym;sj.a." wNhrdcl=udr iQ;%h'

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wNhiai rdcl=udriai wfla ksiskafkda fyd;s' w: fLd N.jd wNhx

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wdflaf;aj wdy;a;=x jdfk NfF:k iSix m .a . fyFjd ola fka k NfF:k
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;:d.f;d jdpx cdkd;s wN+;x w;Px w;a:ixys;x id p mfrix mshd ukdmd" k
;x ;:d.f;d jdpx Ndi;s' hms ;:d.f;d jdpx cdkd;s N+;x ;Px wk;a:ixys;x'
id p mfrix mshd ukdmd" ;ms ;:d.f;d jdpx k Ndi;s' h[ap fLd ;:d.f;d
jdpx cdkd;s N+;x ;Px w;a:ixys;x' id p mfrix mshd ukdmd" ;;% ld,[aa`C
;:d.f;d fyd;s ;iaid jdpdh fjhHdlrKdh' ;x lsiai fy;=' w;a rdcl=udr
;:d.;iai i;af;aiq wkqlmd;s'

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wdY%s; .%ka: kdudj,sh

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iQ;%h" Woh fmd;a m%ldYlfhda" .fkauq,a,'
3' md;" fykr;a" 2009" zksy;udkSluZ" nqu" jhsk" cqks 07" ms' 04'
4' md;" fykr;a" 2009" kdhl;ajh ms<sn| fn!oaO ixl,amh" nqu" jhsk"
uehs 8" ms' 15'
5' l=udrfiak" wdh lS;s" 2004" ;ryg wNsfhda.hla" fn!oaO ixialD;sl
uOHia:dkh" foysj,'
6' pJou, uydkdys" freldfka" 2007" flf,ia tlaoyia mkaih
s h" Y%S pJou,
Oumqia;l ixrCIK uKav,h" fmdl=Kqg'
7' pJou, uydkdys" freldfka" 2008" mdr;d m%lrKh Y%S pJou,
Oumqia;l ixrCIK uKav,h" fmdl=Kqg'
8' ;s,lr;ak" u,a" 2003" fn!oaOhdf.a w;afmd; Ou moh" Woh m%skagia
m%ldYlfhda'
9' Y%S Oudkkao" lskafoa" 2007" la h ke;s ;h" fn!oaO ixialD;sl
uOHia:dkh" foysj,'
10' nqoaOrC; ys" krmdfka" 2002" zzix> ixOdkh f.dvke.Su i|yd kdhlfhl= jYfhka nqrcdKkajykafia bgql< ldhNdrhZZ" ksjka u." fn!oaO
l<ukdlrKh" ;sia;=ka jeks l,dmh" msgq 7-19'
11' fOdkkao ys" foajdf,a.u" 2002" zzl<ukdlrKh" kdhl;ajh yd nqq rcdKka
jykafiaZZ" ksjka u." fn!oaO l<ukdlrKh" ;sia;=ka jeks l,dmh" msgq
1-6'
12' rKr" ir;a" 2004" cd;l l;d" jdikd m%ldYlfhda" oxfldgqj'
13' is r;kd,xldr ys" y.a.uqf" 2003" ienE ksialu 1" r;ak fmd;a
m%ldYlfhda" fld<U'

fn!oaO uQ,Ou

185

14' Y%S rdyq, ys" j,afmd," 1997" nqka jod< Ouh" fn!oaO ixialD;sl
uOHia:dkh" foysj,'
15' fnKavdr" pkau" fudrgqj.u" t' t'" fywdr" Oufiak" 2004"
fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh 1" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd;fka;=j" fld<U'
16' idrdkkao ys" t<u,afoKsfha" 2003" zzudkj iudcfha tal;ajh ms<n
s | fn!oAO
wdl,amZZ" udkj Ydia;% 1" udkj Ydia;% m%ldYk moku" msgq 39-57'
17' fidaNs; ys" n,xf.dv" 1991" nq oyka ms<sUq jk fm< kHdh" weia'
f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U'
18' fidar; ys" f.d.uqf" 2008" ux., Ou ia;rh'
19' isiquk ys" j;jk" 2008" wfrka t<shg'
20' isdf,dajdo iQ;%h" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh'