Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Table Of Contents
STANDARD EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR RICE (SES) ..................................... 5
GROWTH STAGES OF RICE PLANTS ............................................................... 5
Agronomic Traits .......................................................................................................... 6
Leaf Senescence (Sen) ........................................................................................................ 6
Lodging Incidence (Lg) ......................................................................................................... 6
Maturity (Mat) ....................................................................................................................... 6
Panicle Exsertion (Exs) ........................................................................................................ 6
Panicle Threshability (Thr) .................................................................................................... 7
Phenotypic Acceptability (PAcp) ........................................................................................... 7
Plant Height (Ht)................................................................................................................... 7
Seedling Vegetative Vigor (Vg) ............................................................................................. 8
Spikelet Fertility (SpFert) ...................................................................................................... 8
Tillering Ability (Ti) ................................................................................................................ 8
Drought ...................................................................................................................... 29
Drought Sensitivity (DRS) ................................................................................................... 29
Recovery (DRR) ................................................................................................................. 30
Temperature .............................................................................................................. 40
Cold Tolerance (Ctol) ......................................................................................................... 40
Heat Tolerance (Htol) ......................................................................................................... 41
CODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Germination
Seedling
Tillering
Stem elongation
Booting
Heading
Milk stage
Dough stage
Mature grain
Agronomic Traits
Leaf Senescence (Sen)
NOTE: It is commonly thought that rapid
senescence of leaves can be detrimental to yield
if the rice grains have not completely filled.
SCALE
1
At growth stage: 9
5
9
Maturity (Mat)
NOTE: Use the number of days from seeding to grain ripening (85% of grains on panicle
are mature).
At growth stage: 9
SCALE
1
3
5
7
9
Well exserted
Moderately well
exserted
Just exserted
Partly exserted
Enclosed
SCALE
1
5
7
9
SCALE
1
3
5
7
9
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Unacceptable
3
At growth stage: 9
SCALE
1
5
At growth stage: 7-9
Semidwarf (lowland:
less than 110 cm;
upland: less than 90
cm
Intermediate
(lowland: 110-130
cm; upland (90-125
cm)
Tall (lowland: more
than 130 cm; upland:
more than 125 cm)
5
7
SCALE (% Infection)
0
No symptom
observed
1
1-10%
3
11-30%
5
31-50%
7
51-70%
9
71-100%
Field test:
Screening of test materials, notably breeding lines, can be done in the field and their
reaction to virus infection can be assessed on a scale of 09- based on the percentage of
infection observed.
Greenhouse test:
However, field tests generally select vector resistance and are not appropriate for
selecting virus resistance. Resistance to the virus can be assessed in the greenhouse
where factors needed for infection can be manipulated. Inoculation using a high number
of vectors is desired and the susceptible check would be also useful as a reference to
measure pant height. Since some fertilizers might affect symptoms, it is recommended
not to use any during the experiment. A disease index (DI) for the genotype, which would
represent both disease incidence and symptom severity, can be used as an indicator for
virus resistance in a greenhouse test. DI can be calculated as:
n(3) + n(5) + n(7) + n(9)
DI = -----------------------------tn
Where: n(3), n(5), n(7), and n(9) = number of plants showing a reaction in a scale (3),
(5), (7), and (9) respectively.
tn = total number of plants scored
REACTION
Resistant/tolerant
Moderate
Susceptible
For further confirmation, test materials with DI rating of 0-3 may be tested by forced
inoculation using different number of vectors, at different plant growth stages, and may
be assayed serologically to differentiate between virus resistance and tolerance.
SCALE (RGSV1)
1
No symptom
observed
3
Pale green and
Symptoms
slightly narrow
RGSV1 - Severe stunting, excessive tillering, plae
leaves, no height
green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty
reduction and with
spots.
few small tillers.
5
Pale green and slight
RSGV2-Severe stunting, excessive tillering, yellow
narrow leaves, 1-10%
to orange and narrow leaves with small and rusty
height reduction, and
spots.
with numerous small
tillers.
At growth stages:
7
Pale green to yellow
2-3 (for the greenhouse)
and narrow leaves
4-6 (for the field)
with some rusty
spots, 11-30% height
Score and calculate DI at 5 weeks after inoculation
reduction, and with
in the greenhouse.
numerous small
tillers.
9
Pale green to yellow
and narrow leaves
with numerous rusty
spots, more than
30% height reduction
and with numerous
small tillers.
SCALE (RGSV2)
1
No symptom
observed
3
Pale yellow and
slightly narrow
leaves, no height
reduction, and with
numerous small tillers
5
Distinct yellow and
narrow leaves, 1-10%
height reduction, and
with numerous small
tillers
7
Yellow to orange and
narrow leaves with
some rusty spots, 1130% height reduction,
and with few small
tillers
9
Yellow to orange and
narrow leaves with
numerous rusty
spots, >30% height
10
SCALE (RGSV1)
0
No symptom
observed
1
Less than 1%
3
1-10%
5
11-30%
7
31-60%
9
61-100%
At growth stages:
2-4 (leaf)
7-8 (panicle)
NOTE: To determine the degree of resistance in
fixed lines under field conditions, susceptible check
should have at least more than 50% infection.
SCALE (RGSV1)
1
No symptom
observed
3
1-10% height
Symptoms
reduction, no distinct
Yellow to yellow orange leaves, stunting, and
yellow to yellow
slightly reduced tillering.
orange leaf
discoloration
At growth stages:
5
11-30% height
2 (for the greenhouse)
reduction, no distinct
3-5 (for the field)
yellow to yellow
orange leaf
Score and calculate DI at 4 weeks after inoculation
discoloration
in the greenhouse.
7
31-50% height
reduction, with
distinct yellow to
yellow orange leaf
discoloration
9
More than 50%
height reduction, with
distinct yellow to
yellow orange
discoloration
11
12
13
At growth stage: 9
14
16
18
SCALE (Incidence of
severely affected tiller)
0
No incidence
1
Less than 1%
3
1-5%
5
6-25%
7
26-50%
9
51-100%
19
20
Caseworm (CW)
Causal agent
Nymphula depunctalis
Symptoms
Larvae feed on leaf tissue,
leaving only the papery upper epidermis.
At growth stage: 2-7
21
SCALE
0
1
3
5
7
No damage
Very slight damage
First and 2nd leaves
yellowing
All leaves yellow;
pronounced
More than half the
plants dead;
stunting or both
remaining plants
wilting; severely
stunted
All plants dead
Leaffolder (LF)
Causal agent
Cnaphalocrosis medinalis, Marasmia patnalis
Symptoms: Larvae consume the leaf
tissue except the epidermis, causing typical
white streaks. They create a leaf tube
during later stages of feeding. Note: Plant
a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate,
test entries three times if seed is available. Determine the percentage of damaged
and folded leaves. Damaged leaves of the susceptible check should average at least
40% for the test to be considered valid. Use the following scale on the basis of the
converted figures to place percentage of damaged leaves on a 0-9 scale.
At growth stage:
2-3 (greenhouse)
3-9 (field)
SCALE (Damaged plants)
0 No damage
1 1-10%
3 11-20%
5 21-35%
7 36-50%
9 51-100%
Greenhouse screening
For greenhouse screening, consider both
the % of leaves with damage and the extent of damage on each leaf. For each entry,
first examine all of the leaves and rate each one from 0-3 as based on the extent of
damage.
Based on the number of leaves with each damage grade, compute as follows:
22
Calculate as above for each test entry and the susceptible check. Then adjust for
extent of damage in the susceptible check by:
Grade Damage
0 No damage
1 Up to 1/3 of leaf area scraped
2 1/3 to 1/2 of leaf area scraped
3 More than 1/2 of leaf area
scraped
The overall damage rating (D) is converted to a 0-9 scale.
Scale %
0
1
3
5
7
9
Damage
Rating
(D)
No
damage
1-10
11-30
31-50
51-75
more
than 75
23
Scale
0
1
3
5
7
9
Damaged grains
per panicle (%)
No damage
Less than 3
4-7
8-15
12-25
26-100
24
SCALE (Deadhearts)
0
No damage
1
1-10%
3
11-20%
5
21-30%
7
31-60%
9
61% and above
SCALE (Whiteheads)
0
No damage
1
1-5%
3
6-10%
5
11-15%
7
16-25%
9
26% and above
25
Thrips
Causal agent
Stenchaetothrips biformis
SCALE
1
3
Rolling of terminal
1/3 area of 1st leaf
Rolling of terminal
1/3-1/2 area of 1st
and 2nd leaves
Rolling of terminal
1/2 area of 1st, 2nd,
and 3rd leaves;
yellowing of leaf tips
Rolling of entire
length of all leaves;
pronounced yellowing
Complete plant
wilting, followed by
severe yellowing and
scorching
SCALE
0
1
3
No damage
Very slight damage
First and 2nd leaves
with orange tips;
slight stunting
More than half the
leaves with yelloworange tips;
pronounced stunting
More than half of
plants dead;
remaining plants
severely stunted and
wilted
All plants dead
26
Deepwater
Elongation (Elon)
NOTE: Some rice can
Elongation in deepwater
Scale
Description
elongate and grow in areas
1
Best elongation response
annually flooded to varying
depths. The scale is based on
3
Response better than that
the performance of check
of elongating semidwarf,
varieties. Specify water
but not as good as that of
the best local floating
depth under which the data
variety
was recorded.
5
Biological check
Best local floating variety
(i.e. Leb Mue Nahng 111)
Elongating semidwarf (i.e.
lR11141-6-1-4)
27
SCALE (% comparative
survival)
1
100
3
95-99
5
75-94
7
50-74
9
0-49
Field evaluation
The period of submergence varies and often is not
under full experimental control. Record actual % of
plants that survived.
28
Drought
Drought Sensitivity (DRS)
NOTE: Drought sensitivity is highly
interactive with crop phenology, plant growth
prior to stress, and timing, duration, and
intensity of drought stress.
For many soils, it takes at least 2 rainless
weeks to cause marked differences in drought
sensitivity during the vegetative stage and at
least 7 rainless days during the reproductive
stage to cause severe drought injury.
Leaf rolling precedes leaf drying during drought.
Repeated ratings are recommended through
progress of the drought. Record the stage of plant
growth when the stress occurred and the number
of stress days.
29
Recovery (DRR)
NOTE: Scores are taken after 10 days following
soaking rain or watering. Indicate the degree of
stress before recovery.
Grain Quality
100-grain Weight (GW)
NOTE: Enter measurements in grams of 100 well-developed whole grains, dried to 13%
moisture content, weighed on a precision balance.
At growth stage: 9
High or intermediate
Intermediate
High
30
SCALE (Length)
1
Extra long (more than
7.5 mm)
3
Long (6.6 to 7.5 mm)
5
Medium (5.51 to 6.6
mm)
7
Short (5.5mm or less)
Scale
1
3
5
9
Shape
Slender
Medium
Bold
Round
Ratio
Over 3.0
2.1 to 3.0
1.1 to 2.0
Less than 1.1
31
Scent (Sct)
At growth stage: 6-9
Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
White
Light brown
Speckled brown
Brown
Red
Variable purple
Purple
Morphological Characteristics
Variety Group
Code
1
2
3
4
Indica
Japonica (Sinica)
Javanica
Intermediate
(hybrids)
Code
1
2
Light green
Purple
Code
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Awnless
Straw
Gold
Brown (tawny)
Red
Purple
Black
32
Awning (An)
At growth stage: 7-9
Code
0
1
Absent
Short and partly
awned
Short and fully awned
Long and partly
awned
Long and fully awned
Code
1
2
3
4
Green
Purple lines
Light purple
Purple
Code
1
2
3
Light Green
Green
Purple
5
7
Code
1
3
5
7
9
Erect (<300)
Intermediate (~450)
Open (~600)
Spreading (>600)
Procumbent (the culm
or its lower part rests
on ground surface)
Code
1
2
3
4
Green
Light gold
Purple lines
Purple
33
Code
1
3
5
7
Erect
Intermediate
Horizontal
Descending
Code
1
5
9
Erect
Horizontal
Droopy
34
Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Light green
Green
Dark Green
Purple tips
Purple margins
Purple blotch (purple
mixed with green)
Purple
Code
1
2
3
Glabrous
Intermediate
Pubescent
Code
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Straw
Gold and gold furrows
on straw background
Brown spots on straw
Brown furrows on
straw
Brown (tawny)
Reddish to light
purple
Purple spots on straw
Purple furrows on
straw
Purple
35
9
10
Black
White
Code
1
2
3
4
5
Glabrous
Hairs on lemma keel
Hairs on upper
portion
Short hairs
Long hairs (velvety)
Code
1
2
3
White
Purple lines
Purple
Code
1
2
3
Acute to acuminate
Cleft
Truncate
Code
1
2
Straight
Droopy
36
Compact
Intermediate
Open
Code
0
1
2
3
Absent
Light
Heavy
Clustered
Code
1
2
3
4
Straw (yellow)
Gold
Red
Purple
Code
0
1
At growth stage: 9
3
5
Absent
Short (not longer
than 1.5mm)
Medium (1.6-2.5 mm)
Long (longer than 2.5
mm but shorter than
the lemma)
Extra long (equal to
or longer than the
lemma)
Asymmetrical
37
Code
1
2
3
4
5
White
Light green
Yellow
Light purple
Purple
Physiochemical Stress
Alkali Injury (Alk) and Salt Injury (Sal)
Problem soils
NOTE: Observe general growth conditions in
relation to standard resistant and susceptible
checks. Since some soil problems are very
heterogeneous in the field, several replications
may be needed to obtains precise reading.
At growth stage: 3-4
38
SCALE
1
leaves slightly
discolored
Stunting slight,
tillering decreased,
some basal leaves
brown or yellow
Growth and tillering
severely retarded,
about half of all
leaves brown or
yellow
Growth and tillering
ceases, most leaves
brown or yellow
Almost all plants dead
or dying
Temperature
Cold Tolerance (Ctol)
NOTE: Observe differences in vigor along
with subtle changes in leaf color. The
optimum time to make observations would be
the seedling, tillering, flowering, and mature
stages.
At growth stage: 1;4-9
40
SCALE
1
3
5
7
9
Scale
1
3
5
7
9
Description
Pollen free
Abortion at uni-nucleate
stage of pollen
Abortion at binucleate
stage of pollen
Abortion at trinucleate
stage of pollen
Abortion at later stge and
pollen looks like a fertile
pollen
"CMS-boro" type
"CMS-HL" type
41
Description
Completely sterile
Highly sterile
Sterile
Partially sterile
Partially fertile to fertile
B. Spikelet sterility
This trait of a male sterile line is monitored at growth stages 8 and 9. Two primary
panicles of at least 50 plants of a male sterile line are bagged with glassine bags at
growth stage 5-6 before their anthesis begins. Filled and unfilled spikelets of the bagged
panicles are counted.
Scale
1
3
5
7
9
Description
Completely sterile
Highly sterile
Sterile
Partially sterile
Partially fertile to fertile
A male sterile line is considered sterile if its pollen and/or spikelet sterility ranges from
scale 1 to 3. Otherwise, it is considered unstable.
42
SCALE
1
2
3
4
5
Cytoplasmic-nuclear
interaction type
Thermosensitivegenic type (TGMS)
Photoperiod-sensitive
genic type (PGMS)
Thermo-photoperiod
genic type (TPGMS)
Genetically
engineered
(transgenic type)
Nuclear type
43
Stigma exsertion
Above 70
41-70
21-40
11-20
0-10
44
SCALE
1
3
45
Index
0
00AM ........................................................................................................................................ 44
00Noon..................................................................................................................................... 44
0-3
DI rating .................................................................................................................................. 9
09 ............................................................................................................................................... 9
scale ....................................................................................................................................... 9
0-shape .................................................................................................................................... 29
1
1.5mm ...................................................................................................................................... 37
100-grain Weight ..................................................................................................................... 30
100xN9 ..................................................................................................................................... 17
10xN1 ....................................................................................................................................... 17
1-Not ........................................................................................................................................ 30
1st ...................................................................................................................................... 24, 26
Yellowing.............................................................................................................................. 24
2
23 ............................................................................................................................................. 30
stand..................................................................................................................................... 30
2-cleft ....................................................................................................................................... 36
2nd ......................................................................................................................... 20, 22, 24, 26
2nd leaves................................................................................................................................ 20
2-Swollen ................................................................................................................................. 30
3
30C.......................................................................................................................................... 30
3rd ............................................................................................................................................ 26
3-Swollen ................................................................................................................................. 30
4
40xN5 ....................................................................................................................................... 17
4-10 .............................................................................................................................. 13, 15, 17
infecting ......................................................................................................................... 15, 17
4-leaf .......................................................................................................................................... 8
4-Swollen ................................................................................................................................. 30
5
5.5mm ...................................................................................................................................... 31
518A ......................................................................................................................................... 41
5-grain ...................................................................................................................................... 37
5-leaf ........................................................................................................................................ 37
5-Split....................................................................................................................................... 30
6
6-Dispersed ............................................................................................................................. 30
7
70xN7 ....................................................................................................................................... 17
7-Completely ........................................................................................................................... 30
46
A
Ability................................................................................................................................... 8, 28
Kneeing ................................................................................................................................ 28
Tillering .................................................................................................................................. 8
Abortion Pattern ...................................................................................................................... 41
Male Sterile Lines ................................................................................................................ 41
AC ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Acetic ....................................................................................................................................... 41
Acetocarmine .......................................................................................................................... 41
African ..................................................................................................................................... 25
AIkD ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Alk ............................................................................................................................................ 38
Alkali Digestion ....................................................................................................................... 30
Alkali Injury.............................................................................................................................. 38
AlkD ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Alternaria ................................................................................................................................. 14
Amy .......................................................................................................................................... 30
Amylose ................................................................................................................................... 30
Amylose Content..................................................................................................................... 30
Grain ..................................................................................................................................... 30
AnC .......................................................................................................................................... 32
And/or spikelet ........................................................................................................................ 42
Anthesis............................................................................................................................. 42, 44
Auricle Color ........................................................................................................................... 32
Awn Color ................................................................................................................................ 32
B
B 20, 31, 42
Bacterial Blight ........................................................................................................................ 13
Bacterial Leaf Streak ............................................................................................................... 13
Bak ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Bakanae Diseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Balansia oryzae-sativae .......................................................................................................... 19
Basal Internode ....................................................................................................................... 34
Diameter ............................................................................................................................... 34
Basal Leaf Sheath Color ......................................................................................................... 33
BB ............................................................................................................................................ 13
BD ............................................................................................................................................ 27
Binucleate ................................................................................................................................ 41
Binucleate stage...................................................................................................................... 41
Bipolaris ............................................................................................................................ 13, 14
Bipolaris oryzae ...................................................................................................................... 13
Bird Damage ............................................................................................................................ 27
Bl .............................................................................................................................................. 15
Blooming ................................................................................................................................. 38
spikelets ............................................................................................................................... 38
BLS .......................................................................................................................................... 13
BLSC ........................................................................................................................................ 33
BPH .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Brown Planthopper ................................................................................................................. 20
Brown Rice Length.................................................................................................................. 31
Brown Rice Protein ................................................................................................................. 31
Brown Rice Shape ................................................................................................................... 31
Brown Spot .............................................................................................................................. 13
BrS ........................................................................................................................................... 31
BS ............................................................................................................................................ 13
47
C
C 20, 25, 31
Caseworm ................................................................................................................................ 21
CC ............................................................................................................................................ 33
Cercospora janseana .............................................................................................................. 17
Chalkiness ............................................................................................................................... 31
Endosperm........................................................................................................................... 31
Chilo suppressalis .................................................................................................................. 25
CL ............................................................................................................................................. 34
Clk ............................................................................................................................................ 31
CmA ......................................................................................................................................... 33
CmlC ........................................................................................................................................ 33
CMS-boro ................................................................................................................................. 41
CMS-HL .................................................................................................................................... 41
CMS-WA................................................................................................................................... 41
CN ............................................................................................................................................ 34
Cnaphalocrosis medinalis ...................................................................................................... 22
Cochliobolus miyabeanus ...................................................................................................... 13
CODE ................................................................................................................................... 5, 15
Cold Tolerance ........................................................................................................................ 40
Collar Color ............................................................................................................................. 33
Ctol........................................................................................................................................... 40
Culm............................................................................................................................. 33, 34, 45
Culm Angle .............................................................................................................................. 33
Culm Internode Color .............................................................................................................. 33
Culm Length ............................................................................................................................ 34
Culm Number........................................................................................................................... 34
Culm Strength ......................................................................................................................... 45
Culms....................................................................................................................................... 34
Curvularia ................................................................................................................................ 14
CW............................................................................................................................................ 21
Cytoplasmic-nuclear ............................................................................................................... 43
D
D 22
Damage Rating ........................................................................................................................ 22
Damage/leaf ............................................................................................................................. 24
Dark Green......................................................................................................................... 35, 40
Darkening ................................................................................................................................ 14
glumes.................................................................................................................................. 14
DBI ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Deadhearts .............................................................................................................................. 25
scale ..................................................................................................................................... 25
Deepwater .......................................................................................................................... 25, 27
Degree.................................................................................................................8, 11, 30, 31, 42
Male Sterility ........................................................................................................................ 42
Dehulling ................................................................................................................................. 31
DI .................................................................................................................................... 9, 10, 11
resulting ................................................................................................................................. 9
DI rating ..................................................................................................................................... 9
0-3 ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Diameter ............................................................................................................................ 15, 34
Basal Internode .................................................................................................................... 34
Diopsis macrophthalma .......................................................................................................... 25
Diopsis spp.............................................................................................................................. 25
Dis ............................................................................................................................................ 13
48
Discolored6 ............................................................................................................................. 38
Disease ............................................................................................................. 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 15
Diseases caused ....................................................................................................................... 9
Drechslera oryzae ................................................................................................................... 13
Drop ......................................................................................................................................... 42
IKI ......................................................................................................................................... 42
Drought Sensitivity ................................................................................................................. 29
Drought sensitivity during ...................................................................................................... 29
DRR .......................................................................................................................................... 30
DRS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
E
Elon .......................................................................................................................................... 27
Elongating ............................................................................................................................... 27
semidwarf............................................................................................................................. 27
Elongating semidwarf ............................................................................................................. 27
Elongation ..................................................................................................................... 5, 11, 27
Endosperm .............................................................................................................................. 31
Chalkiness ........................................................................................................................... 31
Endosperm Type ..................................................................................................................... 31
Entyloma oryzae................................................................................................................ 13, 17
Ephelis oryzae ......................................................................................................................... 19
Exs ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Exsert ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Exserted ......................................................................................................................... 6, 40, 44
showing ................................................................................................................................ 44
Exsertion ................................................................................................................................. 44
Extent..................................................................................................................... 22, 31, 43, 44
Outcrossing ......................................................................................................................... 43
Exudates ............................................................................................................................ 13, 17
F
F1 Hybrids ............................................................................................................................... 43
Fertility Restoration ............................................................................................................. 43
False Smut ............................................................................................................................... 14
Fari ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Fertility Restoration ................................................................................................................ 43
F1 Hybrids ............................................................................................................................ 43
FeTox ....................................................................................................................................... 39
Fileds ....................................................................................................................................... 42
FLA........................................................................................................................................... 34
Flag Leaf Angle ....................................................................................................................... 34
Flagleaf .................................................................................................................................... 44
Flagleaf sheat .......................................................................................................................... 44
FR13A ...................................................................................................................................... 28
FSm .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Fusarium.................................................................................................................................. 14
G
Gall Midge ................................................................................................................................ 21
Gd ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Gelatinization........................................................................................................................... 30
Gelatinization Temperature..................................................................................................... 30
Gerlachia ................................................................................................................................. 14
Germplasm ................................................................................................................................ 5
Giberella fujikuroi .................................................................................................................... 13
49
H
Heat Tolerance ........................................................................................................................ 41
Height ....................................................................................................... 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 37
Seedling ............................................................................................................................... 37
Hopperburn ............................................................................................................................. 20
Hoppers/hiII ............................................................................................................................. 20
Hoppers/hill ............................................................................................................................. 20
Htol........................................................................................................................................... 41
Hydrellia philippina ................................................................................................................. 24
I
IKI ....................................................................................................................................... 42, 43
drop ...................................................................................................................................... 42
Incidence ...................................................................................... 6, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 24, 25
Lodging .................................................................................................................................. 6
Indica ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Infecting ............................................................................................................................. 15, 17
4-10 ................................................................................................................................. 15, 17
Interdisciplinary ........................................................................................................................ 5
promote .................................................................................................................................. 5
Interdisciplinary approach ........................................................................................................ 5
rice.......................................................................................................................................... 5
Internode3................................................................................................................................ 17
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 9
Iodine Potassium Iodide ......................................................................................................... 42
IR42 .......................................................................................................................................... 27
Iron Toxicity............................................................................................................................. 39
J
Javanica................................................................................................................................... 32
Just exserted ............................................................................................................................. 6
50
K
Kernel Smut ............................................................................................................................. 14
KgP/ha ..................................................................................................................................... 39
KI-l ............................................................................................................................................ 31
KnA .......................................................................................................................................... 28
Kneeing.................................................................................................................................... 28
Ability ................................................................................................................................... 28
KOH.......................................................................................................................................... 30
Kresek ................................................................................................................................ 13, 15
KSm ......................................................................................................................................... 14
L
LA............................................................................................................................................. 34
LBC .......................................................................................................................................... 35
LBP .......................................................................................................................................... 35
Leaf Angle................................................................................................................................ 34
Leaf Blade Color...................................................................................................................... 35
Leaf Blade Pubescence........................................................................................................... 35
Leaf Blast................................................................................................................................. 15
Leaf Length........................................................................................................................ 15, 35
Leaf Scald ................................................................................................................................ 16
Leaf Senescence ....................................................................................................................... 6
Leaf Width................................................................................................................................ 35
Leaffolder................................................................................................................................. 22
Leaves/hill................................................................................................................................ 24
Leb Mue Nahng 111................................................................................................................. 27
Lemma .............................................................................................................. 34, 35, 36, 37, 44
Len ........................................................................................................................................... 31
Leptocorisa oratorius.............................................................................................................. 24
Lesions2 .................................................................................................................................. 15
Less than1 ............................................................................................................................... 19
LF ............................................................................................................................................. 22
Lg ............................................................................................................................................... 6
LgC........................................................................................................................................... 36
LgL ........................................................................................................................................... 36
Light Green .............................................................................................................................. 33
Ligule Color ............................................................................................................................. 36
Ligule Length........................................................................................................................... 36
Ligule Shape............................................................................................................................ 36
Ligules ..................................................................................................................................... 36
LL ............................................................................................................................................. 35
LmPb........................................................................................................................................ 36
LmPC ....................................................................................................................................... 35
Lnnotata................................................................................................................................... 25
Lodging...................................................................................................................................... 6
Incidence ................................................................................................................................ 6
LR11141-6-1-4 .......................................................................................................................... 27
Ls ....................................................................................................................................... 16, 36
LW ............................................................................................................................................ 35
M
M2/plot ..................................................................................................................................... 45
Magnaporthe grisea .......................................................................................................... 15, 17
Male Sterile Linerids................................................................................................................ 44
Male Sterile Lines .................................................................................................. 41, 42, 43, 44
Abortion Pattern .................................................................................................................. 41
51
N
N9
N1-N9 ....................................................................................................................................... 17
N3 ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Narrow Brown Leaf Spot ......................................................................................................... 17
NBLS ........................................................................................................................................ 17
Nephotettix spp ....................................................................................................................... 22
Nilaparvata lugens .................................................................................................................. 20
Nivara ....................................................................................................................................... 41
Non-elongating ........................................................................................................................ 27
semidwarf............................................................................................................................. 27
Nonelongating semidwarf ....................................................................................................... 27
Norin PL12 ............................................................................................................................... 41
NOTE........ 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 45
Nymphula depunctalis ............................................................................................................ 21
O
O 41, 44
Opening ................................................................................................................................... 44
Glume ................................................................................................................................... 44
glumes.................................................................................................................................. 44
Orseolia oryzae ....................................................................................................................... 21
Oryzicola.................................................................................................................................. 13
Outcrossing ............................................................................................................................. 43
Extent ................................................................................................................................... 43
Outcrossing on Male Sterile Lines ......................................................................................... 43
P
P 39
PAcp .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Palea ...................................................................................................................... 34, 35, 36, 44
Palea Color .............................................................................................................................. 35
Palea Pubescence ................................................................................................................... 36
Panicle Axis ................................................................................................................. 17, 34, 36
Panicle axis near ..................................................................................................................... 17
Panicle Blast............................................................................................................................ 17
Panicle Exsertion ................................................................................................................ 6, 44
52
R
Rat Damage ............................................................................................................................. 27
Ratoon ..................................................................................................................................... 12
RB ............................................................................................................................................ 24
RD ............................................................................................................................................ 27
RDel ......................................................................................................................................... 24
REACTION ................................................................................................................................. 9
Recovery .................................................................................................................................. 30
Resistant/tolerant ...................................................................................................................... 9
Resulting ................................................................................................................................... 9
DI ............................................................................................................................................ 9
RGSV1................................................................................................................................ 10, 11
RGSV1--Severe ........................................................................................................................ 10
RGSV2...................................................................................................................................... 10
RHBV ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Rhizoctonia solani................................................................................................................... 19
Rice ...................................................................................... 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 24, 25, 27, 31, 44
interdisciplinary approach .................................................................................................... 5
Standard Evaluation System ................................................................................................. 5
Rice Bug .................................................................................................................................. 24
Rice Delphacid ........................................................................................................................ 24
Rice Grassy Stunt ................................................................................................................... 10
53
S
S 13, 15, 25, 28
Sal ............................................................................................................................................ 38
Salt Injury................................................................................................................................. 38
Sarocladium ............................................................................................................................ 14
SB ............................................................................................................................................ 25
Scale 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 38,
39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45
09 ............................................................................................................................................ 9
deadhearts ........................................................................................................................... 25
SCC .......................................................................................................................................... 32
Scent ........................................................................................................................................ 32
Scirpophaga incertulas ........................................................................................................... 25
Sct ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Secondary Branching ............................................................................................................. 37
Panicles................................................................................................................................ 37
Seed Coat ................................................................................................................................ 32
Seedling ............................................................................................................................... 8, 37
Height ................................................................................................................................... 37
Vegetative Vigor..................................................................................................................... 8
Semidwarf ............................................................................................................................ 7, 27
elongating ............................................................................................................................ 27
Non-elongating .................................................................................................................... 27
Serologically.............................................................................................................................. 9
SES ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Sesamia inferens..................................................................................................................... 25
Severe ...................................................................................................................................... 10
SgC .......................................................................................................................................... 38
SH ............................................................................................................................................ 37
ShB .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Sheath Blight ........................................................................................................................... 19
Sheath Rot ............................................................................................................................... 19
Showing ................................................................................................................................... 44
exserted................................................................................................................................ 44
ShR .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Sinica ....................................................................................................................................... 32
SLmc ........................................................................................................................................ 37
SLmL........................................................................................................................................ 37
Sogatella furcifera ................................................................................................................... 26
54
T
Tagosodes orizicolus .............................................................................................................. 24
TGMS ................................................................................................................................. 41, 43
Thanethoporus cucumeris...................................................................................................... 19
Thermo-photoperiod ............................................................................................................... 43
Thermosensitive-genic ........................................................................................................... 43
Thr.............................................................................................................................................. 7
Thrips....................................................................................................................................... 26
Ti 8
Tillering ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Ability ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Tillers/plant ................................................................................................................................ 8
Tilletia barclayana ................................................................................................................... 14
Tn ............................................................................................................................................... 9
TPGMS ..................................................................................................................................... 43
Transgenic ............................................................................................................................... 43
Trichoconiella .......................................................................................................................... 14
Trinucleate ............................................................................................................................... 41
Trinucleate stage ..................................................................................................................... 41
Tungro ..................................................................................................................................... 11
U
UDb .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Udbatta Disease ...................................................................................................................... 19
Uni-nucleate ............................................................................................................................ 41
Uni-nucleate stage .................................................................................................................. 41
Use ...................................................................................................... 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 22, 30, 39
U-shape.................................................................................................................................... 29
Ustilaginoidea virens .............................................................................................................. 14
55
V
Variety Group .......................................................................................................................... 32
Vegetative Vigor ........................................................................................................................ 8
Seedling ................................................................................................................................. 8
Vg ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Viruses ....................................................................................................................................... 9
V-shape .................................................................................................................................... 29
W
WBPH ................................................................................................................................. 24, 26
Welcome .................................................................................................................................... 5
Well exserted ............................................................................................................................. 6
Whitebacked Planthopper....................................................................................................... 26
Whiteheads/infested................................................................................................................ 25
X
Xanthomas oryzae pv.oryzae.................................................................................................. 13
Xanthomonas oryzae pv ......................................................................................................... 13
Y
YD ............................................................................................................................................ 12
Yellow Dwarf............................................................................................................................ 12
Yellow-greenish ....................................................................................................................... 14
Yellowing ................................................................................................................................. 24
1st ......................................................................................................................................... 24
Yld ............................................................................................................................................ 45
Z
ZDef.......................................................................................................................................... 39
Zinc Deficiency ........................................................................................................................ 39
56