He Thong Tieu Chuan Danh Gia Cay Lua (IRRI - Tieng Anh)

1
Table Of Contents
STANDARD EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR RICE (SES) ..................................... 5
GROWTH STAGES OF RICE PLANTS ............................................................... 5
Agronomic Traits .......................................................................................................... 6
Leaf Senescence (Sen) ........................................................................................................ 6
Lodging Incidence (Lg) ......................................................................................................... 6
Maturity (Mat) ....................................................................................................................... 6
Panicle Exsertion (Exs) ........................................................................................................ 6
Panicle Threshability (Thr) .................................................................................................... 7
Phenotypic Acceptability (PAcp) ........................................................................................... 7
Plant Height (Ht)................................................................................................................... 7
Seedling Vegetative Vigor (Vg) ............................................................................................. 8
Spikelet Fertility (SpFert) ...................................................................................................... 8
Tillering Ability (Ti) ................................................................................................................ 8
Crop Damage (diseases) ............................................................................................. 9

Viruses and Mycolplasma-like Organisms_(MLO) ................................................................. 9
Rice Diseases caused by Viruses and Mycoplasma-like Organisms (MLO) ..................................... 9
Rice Grassy Stunt 1 & 2 Disease ................................................................................................. 10
Rice Hoja Blanca (RHBV) ............................................................................................................ 11
Rice Tungro Disease ................................................................................................................... 11
Rice Yellow Mottle (RYM) ............................................................................................................ 12
Yellow Dwarf (YD) ....................................................................................................................... 12
BACTERIAL LEAF STREAK (BLS)................................................................... 13

Bakanae Diseases (Bak) .................................................................................................... 13
Brown Spot (BS)................................................................................................................. 13
False Smut (FSm) .............................................................................................................. 14
Grain Discoloration (Gd) ..................................................................................................... 14
Kernel Smut (KSm) ............................................................................................................ 14
Leaf Blast (Bl)..................................................................................................................... 15
Leaf Scald (Ls) ................................................................................................................... 16
Narrow Brown Leaf Spot (NBLS) ........................................................................................ 17
Panicle Blast (PB) .............................................................................................................. 17
Sheath Blight (ShB) ............................................................................................................ 19
Sheath Rot (ShR) ............................................................................................................... 19
Udbatta Disease (UDb) ...................................................................................................... 19
Crop Damage (Insects) .............................................................................................. 20

Brown Planthopper (BPH) .................................................................................................. 20
Caseworm (CW)................................................................................................................. 21
Gall Midge (GM) ................................................................................................................. 21
Green Leafhopper (GLH) .................................................................................................... 22
Leaffolder (LF).................................................................................................................... 22
Rice Bug (RB) .................................................................................................................... 24
2
Rice Delphacid (RDel) ........................................................................................................ 24

Rice Whorl Maggot (RWM) ................................................................................................. 24
Stem Borers (SB) ............................................................................................................... 25
Thrips................................................................................................................................. 26
Whitebacked Planthopper (WBPH) ..................................................................................... 26
Crop Damage (Rodents and Birds) ............................................................................ 27

Bird Damage (BD) .............................................................................................................. 27
RAT DAMAGE (RD) ........................................................................................... 27

Deepwater ................................................................................................................. 27
Elongation (Elon) ................................................................................................................ 27
Kneeing Ability (KnA).......................................................................................................... 28
Submergence Tolerance (Sub) ........................................................................................... 28
Drought ...................................................................................................................... 29
Drought Sensitivity (DRS) ................................................................................................... 29
Recovery (DRR) ................................................................................................................. 30
Grain Quality .............................................................................................................. 30

100-grain Weight (GW)....................................................................................................... 30
Alkali Digestion (AlkD) ........................................................................................................ 30
Amylose Content of the Grain (Amy)................................................................................... 30
Brown Rice Length (Len) .................................................................................................... 31
Brown Rice Protein (Prt) ..................................................................................................... 31
Brown Rice Shape (BrS) (length-width ratio) ....................................................................... 31
Chalkiness of Endosperm (Clk)........................................................................................... 31
Chalkiness of Endosperm (Clk)........................................................................................... 31
Scent (Sct) ......................................................................................................................... 32
Seed Coat (bran) Color (SCC) ............................................................................................ 32
Morphological Characteristics .................................................................................... 32

Variety Group ..................................................................................................................... 32
Auricle Color (AC) .............................................................................................................. 32
Awn Color (AnC) ................................................................................................................ 32
Awning (An) ....................................................................................................................... 33
Basal Leaf Sheath Color (BLSC) ........................................................................................ 33
Collar Color (CC) ................................................................................................................ 33
Culm Angle (CmA) ............................................................................................................. 33
Culm Internode Color (CmlC) ............................................................................................. 33
Culm Length (CL) ............................................................................................................... 34
Culm Number (CN)............................................................................................................. 34
Diameter of Basal Internode (DBI) ...................................................................................... 34
Flag Leaf Angle (FLA) ........................................................................................................ 34
Grain Width (GrW).............................................................................................................. 34
Leaf Angle (LA) .................................................................................................................. 34
Leaf Blade Color (LBC) ...................................................................................................... 35
Leaf Blade Pubescence (LBP) ............................................................................................ 35
3
Leaf Length (LL) ................................................................................................................. 35

Leaf Width (LW) ................................................................................................................. 35
Lemma and Palea Color (LmPC) ........................................................................................ 35
Lemma and Palea Pubescence (LmPb) .............................................................................. 36
Ligule Color (LgC) .............................................................................................................. 36
Ligule Length (LgL) ............................................................................................................ 36
Ligule Shape (LS)............................................................................................................... 36
Panicle Axis (PnA).............................................................................................................. 36
Panicle Length (PnL) .......................................................................................................... 36
Panicle Type (PnT)............................................................................................................. 37
Secondary Branching of Panicles (PnBr) ............................................................................ 37
Seedling Height (SH) .......................................................................................................... 37
Sterile Lemma Color (SLmc)............................................................................................... 37
Sterile Lemma Length (SLmL) ............................................................................................ 37
Stigma Color (SgC) ............................................................................................................ 38
Physiochemical Stress ............................................................................................... 38

Alkali Injury (Alk) and Salt Injury (Sal) ................................................................................. 38
Iron Toxicity (FeTox)........................................................................................................... 39
Phosphoric Deficiency (PDef) ............................................................................................. 39
Zinc Deficiency (ZDef) ........................................................................................................ 39
Temperature .............................................................................................................. 40
Cold Tolerance (Ctol) ......................................................................................................... 40
Heat Tolerance (Htol) ......................................................................................................... 41
Traits for evaluation of rice hybrids and parental lines ................................................ 41

Abortion Pattern of Male Sterile Lines ................................................................................. 41
Degree of Male Sterility of Male Sterile Lines ...................................................................... 42
Extent of Outcrossing on Male Sterile Lines ........................................................................ 43
Fertility Restoration of F1 Hybrids ....................................................................................... 43
Male Sterility Group ............................................................................................................ 43
Opening of Glume of Male Sterile Linerids .......................................................................... 44
Panicle Exsertion of Male Sterile Lines ............................................................................... 44
Stigma Exsertion of Male Sterile Lines................................................................................ 44
CULM STRENGTH (CS) .................................................................................... 45

GRAIN YIELD (YLD) .......................................................................................... 45
Index .......................................................................................................................... 46
Standard Evaluation System for Rice (SES)

Identifying promising rice germplasm with useful traits is an important activity
in rice improvement. The genetic potential of breeding materials, whether
developed by conventional breeding or genetic engineering, is evaluated based
on phenotypic expressions in target environments with the stress of interest.
Thus, an accurate and precise yet rapid and practical assessment method should
be utilized.
This Standard Evaluation System for Rice (SES) has been prepared to enable
rice scientists from around the world to speak a common language on evaluation
of rice characters. This guide has two major functions. The first is to expedite
data collection, processing and analysis of multi-environment trials (METs).
Although the complexity of scale and method of scale assignment varies among
rice characters, the SES remains the most popular method used in mass
evaluation of breeding lines. The second is to promote an interdisciplinary
approach to rice improvement. Devising improved scales and assessment
methods, and interpretation of results require joint efforts of scientists in
concerned disciplines.
Growth Stages of Rice Plants

When reporting results for specific characters, use
this code to identify the stage of plant growth at
which the observation was recorded.
Specific applications might be sequential data on
disease reaction for a season's record of epidemic
buildup (e.g. blast notes at growth stages 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8).
CODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Germination
Seedling
Tillering
Stem elongation
Booting
Heading
Milk stage
Dough stage
Mature grain
Agronomic Traits
Leaf Senescence (Sen)
NOTE: It is commonly thought that rapid
senescence of leaves can be detrimental to yield
if the rice grains have not completely filled.
SCALE
1
At growth stage: 9
5
9
Late and slow (leaves

have natural green
color)
Intermediate (upper
leaves yellowing)
Early and fast (all
leaves yellow or
dead)
Lodging Incidence (Lg)

NOTE: Indicates % of plants that lodged.
At growth stage: 6-9
Maturity (Mat)
NOTE: Use the number of days from seeding to grain ripening (85% of grains on panicle
are mature).
At growth stage: 9
Panicle Exsertion (Exs)

NOTE: The inability of panicles to exsert fully is
commonly considered a genetic defect.
Environmental and disease factors also attribute
to such defect.
SCALE
1
3
5
7
9
Well exserted
Moderately well
exserted
Just exserted
Partly exserted
Enclosed
Panicle Threshability (Thr)

NOTE: Firmly grasp and pull the hand over the
panicle and estimate the percentage of shattered
grains.
SCALE
1
5
7
9
Difficult (less than

1%)
Moderately difficult
(1-5%)
Intermediate (6-15%)
Loose (26-50%)
Easy (51-100%)
SCALE
1
3
5
7
9
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Unacceptable
3
At growth stage: 9
Phenotypic Acceptability (PAcp)

NOTE: Use actual measurment (cm) from soil
surface to tip of the tallest panicle (awns
excluded). For height measurements at other
growth stages, specify the stage. Record in whole
numbers (do not use decimals).
Plant Height (Ht)

NOTE: Use actual measurment (cm) from soil
surface to tip of the tallest panicle (awns
excluded). For height measurements at other
growth stages, specify the stage. Record in whole
numbers (do not use decimals).
SCALE
1
5
Semidwarf (lowland:
less than 110 cm;
upland: less than 90
cm
Intermediate
(lowland: 110-130
cm; upland (90-125
cm)
Tall (lowland: more
than 130 cm; upland:
more than 125 cm)
Seedling Vegetative Vigor (Vg)

NOTE: Several factors may interact, influencing
SCALE
seedling vigor (e.g. tillering ability, plant height,
1
etc.). Use this scale for evaluating genetic material
and varieties under stress and non-stress
conditions.
At growth stage:
Seedling vigor: 2
Vegetative vigor: 3
5
7
Extra vigorous (very

fast growing; plants
at 5-6 leaf stage have
2 or more tillers in
majority of
population)
Vigorous (fast
growing; plants at 4-5
stage have 1-2 tillers
in majority of
population)
Normal (plant at 4leaf stage)
Weak (plants
somewhat stunted; 34 leaves; thin
population; no tiller
formation
Very weak (stunted
growth; yellowing of
leaves
Spikelet Fertility (SpFert)

NOTE: Identify the fertile spikelets by pressing the SCALE
spikelets with the fingers and noting those that do 1
not have grains.
3
5
At growth stage: 9
7
9
Highly fertile (>90%)

Fertile (75-89%)
Partly sterile (5074%)
Highly sterile (<50%
to trace)
(0%)
Tillering Ability (Ti)

NOTE: Environmental factors can greatly influence SCALE
the degree of tillering ability. The score should
1
represent most plants within the plot.
3
At growth stage: 5
5
7
9
Very high (more than

25 tillers/plant)
Good (20/25
tillers/plant)
Medium (10-19
tillers/plant)
Low (5-9 tillers/plant)
Very low (less than 5
tillers/plant)
Crop Damage (diseases)

Viruses and Mycolplasma-like Organisms_(MLO)
Rice Diseases caused by Viruses and Mycoplasma-like
Organisms (MLO)
The reaction of a certain genotype to rice virus
infection can be assessed by a skilled worker based
on visible symptoms after inoculation under natural
conditions (in a field), or under controlled
conditions (in a greenhouse). The factors needed
for a successful test are the presence of virus
sources and insect vectors, inoculation at the
susceptible growth stage of the test plants and
favorable environmental conditions.
SCALE (% Infection)
0
No symptom
observed
1
1-10%
3
11-30%
5
31-50%
7
51-70%
9
71-100%
Field test:
Screening of test materials, notably breeding lines, can be done in the field and their
reaction to virus infection can be assessed on a scale of 09- based on the percentage of
infection observed.
Greenhouse test:
However, field tests generally select vector resistance and are not appropriate for
selecting virus resistance. Resistance to the virus can be assessed in the greenhouse
where factors needed for infection can be manipulated. Inoculation using a high number
of vectors is desired and the susceptible check would be also useful as a reference to
measure pant height. Since some fertilizers might affect symptoms, it is recommended
not to use any during the experiment. A disease index (DI) for the genotype, which would
represent both disease incidence and symptom severity, can be used as an indicator for
virus resistance in a greenhouse test. DI can be calculated as:
n(3) + n(5) + n(7) + n(9)
DI = -----------------------------tn
Where: n(3), n(5), n(7), and n(9) = number of plants showing a reaction in a scale (3),
(5), (7), and (9) respectively.
tn = total number of plants scored
The resulting DI can be classified as:

DI
0-3
4-6
7-9
REACTION
Resistant/tolerant
Moderate
Susceptible
For further confirmation, test materials with DI rating of 0-3 may be tested by forced
inoculation using different number of vectors, at different plant growth stages, and may
be assayed serologically to differentiate between virus resistance and tolerance.
Rice Grassy Stunt 1 & 2 Disease

Causal agent
Rice grassy stunt virus 1 (RGSV1) and rice grassy
stunt virus 2 (RGSV2)
SCALE (RGSV1)
1
No symptom
observed
3
Pale green and
Symptoms
slightly narrow
RGSV1 - Severe stunting, excessive tillering, plae
leaves, no height
green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty
reduction and with
spots.
few small tillers.
5
Pale green and slight
RSGV2-Severe stunting, excessive tillering, yellow
narrow leaves, 1-10%
to orange and narrow leaves with small and rusty
height reduction, and
spots.
with numerous small
tillers.
At growth stages:
7
Pale green to yellow
2-3 (for the greenhouse)
and narrow leaves
4-6 (for the field)
with some rusty
spots, 11-30% height
Score and calculate DI at 5 weeks after inoculation
reduction, and with
in the greenhouse.
numerous small
tillers.
9
Pale green to yellow
and narrow leaves
with numerous rusty
spots, more than
30% height reduction
and with numerous
small tillers.
SCALE (RGSV2)
1
No symptom
observed
3
Pale yellow and
slightly narrow
leaves, no height
reduction, and with
numerous small tillers
5
Distinct yellow and
narrow leaves, 1-10%
height reduction, and
with numerous small
tillers
7
Yellow to orange and
narrow leaves with
some rusty spots, 1130% height reduction,
and with few small
tillers
9
Yellow to orange and
narrow leaves with
numerous rusty
spots, >30% height
10
reduction and with

few small tillers
Rice Hoja Blanca (RHBV)

Causal agent
Rice hoja blanca virus
Symptoms
Cream colored to yellow spots, elongation and
coalescing to form longitudinal yellowish green to
pals green striations. Streaks may coalesce to
cover the whole leaf. Brown and sterile glumes
with typical "parrot beak" shape of deformation.
SCALE (RGSV1)
0
No symptom
observed
1
Less than 1%
3
1-10%
5
11-30%
7
31-60%
9
61-100%
At growth stages:
2-4 (leaf)
7-8 (panicle)
NOTE: To determine the degree of resistance in
fixed lines under field conditions, susceptible check
should have at least more than 50% infection.
Rice Tungro Disease

Causal agent
Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice
tungro spherical virus (RTSV)
SCALE (RGSV1)
1
No symptom
observed
3
1-10% height
Symptoms
reduction, no distinct
Yellow to yellow orange leaves, stunting, and
yellow to yellow
slightly reduced tillering.
orange leaf
discoloration
At growth stages:
5
11-30% height
2 (for the greenhouse)
reduction, no distinct
3-5 (for the field)
yellow to yellow
orange leaf
Score and calculate DI at 4 weeks after inoculation
discoloration
in the greenhouse.
7
31-50% height
reduction, with
distinct yellow to
yellow orange leaf
discoloration
9
More than 50%
height reduction, with
distinct yellow to
yellow orange
discoloration
11
Rice Yellow Mottle (RYM)

Causal agent
Rice yellow mottle virus
Symptoms
Stunting, reduced tillering, mottling and yellowish
streaking of the leaves, delayed flowering or
incomplete emergence of the panicles; in extreme
cases, death of plants.
SCALE (for field test)

1
No symptom
observed
3
Leaves green but with
sparse dots or streaks
and less than 5% of
height reduction
5
Leaves green or pale
green with mottling
and 6% to 25% of
height reduction,
flowering slightly
delayed
7
Leaves pale yellow or
yellow and 26-75% of
height reduction,
flowering delayed
9
Leaves turn yellow or
orange, more than
75% of height
reduction, no
flowering or some
plants dead
Yellow Dwarf (YD)

Causal agent
Mycoplasma
Symptoms
Pale yellow, droopy leaves, excessive tillering and stunting.
At growth stage: 4-6 (greenhouse, on secondary growth after cutting at the base)
On ratoon (fields)
12
Bacterial Leaf Streak (BLS)

Causal agent
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola
Symptoms
Linear lesions with small bacterial exudates
evident.
NOTE: This scale may also be used for leaf smut
caused by Entyloma oryzae.
SCALE (Affected leaf area)

0
No lesions observed
1
Small brown specks
of pin-point size or
larger brown specks
without sporulating
center
3
Lesion type is the
same as in scale 2,
but a significant
number of lesions are
on the upper leaves
5
Typical blast lesions
infecting 4-10% of
the leaf area
7
infection 26-50% of
the leaf area
9
More than 75% leaf
area affected
Bakanae Diseases (Bak)

Causal agent
Giberella fujikuroi
Symptoms
The plant elongated abnormally, has few tillers, and usually dis before producing grains.
Brown Spot (BS)

Causal agent
Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Bipolaris oryzae,
Drechslera oryzae).

1
No incidence
2
Less than 1%
3
1-3%
Symptoms
4
4-5%
Typical leaf spots are small, oval or circular and
5
11-15%
dark brown. Larger lesions usually have the same
6
16-25%
color on the edges but have a pale, usually grayish
7
26-50%
center. Most spots have a light yellow halo around
8
51-75%
the outer edge.
9
76-100%
13
False Smut (FSm)

Causal agent
Ustilaginoidea virens
Symptoms
Infected grains are transformed into yellowgreenish or greenish-black velvety-looking spore
balls.
SCALE (Infected florets)

0
No incidence
1
Less than 1%
3
1-5%
5
6-25%
7
26-50%
9
51-100%
At growth stage: 9
Grain Discoloration (Gd)

Causal agents
Species of Sarocladium, Bipolaris, Alternaria,
Gerlachia, Fusarium, Phoma, Curvularia,
Trichoconiella, and Psuedomonas.
Symptoms
Darkening of glumes of spikelets, brown color to
black including rotten glumes caused by one or
more pathogens. Intensity ranges from sporadic
discoloration to discoloration of the whole glume.
SCALE (Grains with severely

discolored glumes)
0
No incidence
1
Less than 1%
3
1-5%
5
6-25%
7
26-50%
9
51-100%

NOTE: Severity of grain discoloration can be
estimated by counting grains with more than 25%
of glume surface affected.
Kernel Smut (KSm)

Causal agent
Tilletia barclayana
Symptoms
Infected grains show minute black pustules or streaks bursting through the glumes. In
severe infection, the rupturing glumes produce short beak-like or spur-like growths.
At growth stage: 9
14
Leaf Blast (Bl)

Causal agent
Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae)
SCALE (for blast nursery)

0
No lesions observed
1
Small brown specks
Symptoms
Lesions usually start near the leaf tips or leaf
larger brown specks
margins or both, and extend down the outer
without sporulating
edge(s). Young lesions are pale green to grayish
center
green, later turning yellow to gray (dead) with
2
Small roundish to
time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may
slightly elongated,
extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf
necrotic gray spots,
sheath. Kresek or seedling blight causes wilting
about 1-2 mm in
and death of the plants.
diameter, with a
distinct brown margin
3
Lesion type is the
same as in scale 2,
NOTE: Use this scale only for the nursery. Actual
but a significant
estimation of blast affected leaf area (%) is
recommended for field assessment of blast disease
on the upper leaves
together with predominant lesion type (see coding 4
Typical susceptible
system for lesion type).
blast lesions 3 mm or
longer, infecting less
Entries with consistent rating, between 4 and 6
than 4% of the leaf
with overall average not higher than 5.5 may have
area
a good level of quantitative resistance.
5
infecting 4-10% of
the leaf area
6
infection 11-25% of
the leaf area
7
infection 26-50% of
the leaf area
8
infection 51-75% of
the leaf area and
many leaves are dead
9
More than 75% leaf
area affected
CODE (Predominant lesion
type)
0
No lesions observed
1
Small brown specks
of pinpoint size or
larger brown specks
without sporulating
center
3
Small, roundish to
slightly elongated
necrotic sporulating
15
spots, about 1-2 mm

in diameter with a
distinct brown margin
or yellow halo
Narrow or slightly
elliptical lesions, 1-2
mm in breadth, more
than 3 mm long with
a brown margin
Broad spindle-shaped
lesion with yellow,
brown, or purple
margin
Rapidly coalescing
small, whitish,
grayish, or bluish
lesions without
distinct margins
Leaf Scald (Ls)

Causal agent
Monographella albescens (Microdochium oryzae)

0
No incidence
1
Less than 1% (apical
Symptoms
lesions)
The lesions occurs mostly near leaf tips, but
3
1-5% (apical lesions)
sometimes starts at the margin of the blade and
5
6-25% (apical and
develops into large ellipsoid areas encircled by
some marginal
dark-brown, narrow bands accompanied by a lightlesions)
brown halo.
7
26-50% (apical and
marginal lesions)
9
51-100% (apical and
marginal lesions)
16
Narrow Brown Leaf Spot (NBLS)

Causal agent
Sphaerulina oryzina (Cercospora janseana)
Symptoms
Linear lesions with small bacterial exudates
evident.
NOTE: This scale may also be used for leaf smut
caused by Entyloma oryzae.

0
No lesions observed
1
Small brown specks
larger brown specks
without sporulating
center
3
Lesion type is the
same as in scale 2,
but a significant
on the upper leaves
5
infecting 4-10% of
the leaf area
7
infection 26-50% of
the leaf area
9
infection 26-50% of
the leaf area
Panicle Blast (PB)

Causal agent
Magnaporthe grisea (pyricularia oryzae)
Symptoms
Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely
around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost
internode or the lower part of panicle axis. The
panicles are greyish and have either partially filled
or unfilled grains.
NOTE: Based on the number of panicles with each
scale, compute panicle blast severity (PBS) as
follows:
(10xN1)+(20 x N3)+(40xN5)
+ (70xN7)+(100xN9)
PBS = -------------------Total no. of panicles observed
where N1-N9 are the number of panicles with score
1-9.
At growth stage: 8 (20-25 days after heading).
NOTE: For the mass evaluation of panicle blast
incidence count only the number of panicles with
lesions covering completely around the node, neck
SCALE (based on symptoms)

0
No visible lesion or
observed lesions on
only a few pedicels
1
Lesions on several
pedicels or secondary
branches
3
Lesions on a few
primary branches or
the middle part of
panicle axis
5
Lesion partially
around the base
(node) or the
uppermost internode
or the lower part of
panicle axis near the
base
7
Lesion completely
around panicle base
or uppermost
internode3 or panicle
axis near base with
more than 30% of
filled grains
9
Lesion completely
17
or lower part of the panicle axis (symptom type 79).

around panicle base

or uppermost
internode or the
panicle axis near the
base with less than
30% of filled grains.
SCALE (Incidence of
severely infected panicles)
0
No incidence
1
Less than 5%
3
5-10%
5
11-25%
7
26-50%
9
More than 50%
18
Sheath Blight (ShB)

Causal agent
Thanethoporus cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani)
Symptoms
Grayish-green lesions may enlarge and coalesce
with other lesions, mostly on lower leaf sheaths,
but occasionally on the leaves.
NOTE: The relative lesion height is the average
vertical height of the uppermost lesion on leaf or
sheath expressed as a percentage of the average
plant height.
SCALE (based on relative

lesion height)
0
No infection observed
1
Lesions limited to
lower 20% of the
plant height
3
20-30%
5
31-45%
7
46-65%
9
More than 65%
Sheath Rot (ShR)

Causal agent
Soracladium oryzae
Symptoms
Oblong or irregular brown to grey lesions on the
leaf sheath near panicle; sometimes coalescing to
prevent emergence of panicle.
SCALE (Incidence of
severely affected tiller)
0
No incidence
1
Less than 1%
3
1-5%
5
6-25%
7
26-50%
9
51-100%
Udbatta Disease (UDb)

Causal agent
Balansia oryzae-sativae (Ephelis oryzae)

0
No incidence
1
Less than1%
Symptoms
5
1-25%
A white mycelial mat ties panicle branches together 9
26-100%
so that they emerge as single, small, cylindrical
rods.
19
Crop Damage (Insects)

Brown Planthopper (BPH)
Causal agent
Nilaparvata lugens
Symptoms
Partial to pronounced
yellowing and increasing severity of
stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to
death of plants. Infested areas in the
field may be patchy.
At growth stage: 2 (greenhouse)
3-9 (field)
Test evaluation for resistance can be
considered valid if hopper population is
uniformly distributed at a high level
across the screening box or field. For
field screening, a minimum of the
following hopper density on susceptible
check is necessary:
a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after
transplanting
b. 25 hoppers/hiII at maximum tillering
100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage
SCALE (For greenhouse

test)
0
No damage
1
Very slight damage
3
First and 2nd leaves
of most plants
partially yellowing
5
Pronounced yellowing
and stunting or about
10 to 25% of the
plants wilting or dead
and remaining plants
severely stunted or
dying
7
More than half of the
plants
9
All plants dead
SCALE (For field test)
0
No damage
1
Slight yellowing of a
few plants
3
Leaves partially
yellow but with no
hopperburn
5
Leaves with
pronounced yellowing
and some stunting or
wilting and 10-25% of
plants with
hopperburn,
remaining plants
severely stunted
7
More than half the
plants wilting or with
hopperburn,
remaining plants
severely stunted
9
All plants dead
20
Caseworm (CW)
Causal agent
Nymphula depunctalis
Symptoms
Larvae feed on leaf tissue,
leaving only the papery upper epidermis.
SCALE (Scraping index)

0
No scraping
1
Less than 1%
3
1-10%
5
11-25%
7
26-50%
8
51-100%
Gall Midge (GM)

Causal agent
Orseolia oryzae
SCALE (Infected tillers in

field test)
0
No damage
NOTE: For the field test to be valid more than 60% 1
Less than 1%
of the plants should be affected with not less than 3
1-5%
15% silver shoot in the susceptible check.
5
6-10%
Similarly, 60% of the plants In susceptible check
7
11-25%
should show
9
More than 25%
silver shoots under greenhouse tests.
SCALE (Plants with silver
If any of the test entry in field evaluation exhibits
shoots in greenhouse test)
damage less than 10% on plant basis, rate it in 0
No damage
category, since such damage could be due to other 0
1
Less than 5%
reasons.
3
6-10%
5
11-20%
7
21-50%
9
More than 50%
21
Green Leafhopper (GLH)

Causal agent
Nephotettix spp.
Symptoms: Partial to pronounced
yellowing and increasing severity of
stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to
death of plants. Infested areas in the
field may be patchy.
At growth stage:
2 (greenhouse)
3-9 (field)
SCALE
0
1
3
5
7
No damage
Very slight damage
yellowing
All leaves yellow;
pronounced
More than half the
plants dead;
stunting or both
remaining plants
wilting; severely
stunted
All plants dead
Leaffolder (LF)
Causal agent
Cnaphalocrosis medinalis, Marasmia patnalis
Symptoms: Larvae consume the leaf
tissue except the epidermis, causing typical
white streaks. They create a leaf tube
during later stages of feeding. Note: Plant
a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate,
test entries three times if seed is available. Determine the percentage of damaged
and folded leaves. Damaged leaves of the susceptible check should average at least
40% for the test to be considered valid. Use the following scale on the basis of the
converted figures to place percentage of damaged leaves on a 0-9 scale.
At growth stage:
2-3 (greenhouse)
3-9 (field)
SCALE (Damaged plants)
0 No damage
1 1-10%
3 11-20%
5 21-35%
7 36-50%
9 51-100%
Greenhouse screening
For greenhouse screening, consider both
the % of leaves with damage and the extent of damage on each leaf. For each entry,
first examine all of the leaves and rate each one from 0-3 as based on the extent of
damage.
Based on the number of leaves with each damage grade, compute as follows:
22
Calculate as above for each test entry and the susceptible check. Then adjust for
extent of damage in the susceptible check by:
Grade Damage
0 No damage
1 Up to 1/3 of leaf area scraped
2 1/3 to 1/2 of leaf area scraped
3 More than 1/2 of leaf area
scraped
The overall damage rating (D) is converted to a 0-9 scale.
Scale %
0
1
3
5
7
9
Damage
Rating
(D)
No
damage
1-10
11-30
31-50
51-75
more
than 75
23
Rice Bug (RB)

Causal agent
Leptocorisa oratorius
Scale
0
1
3
5
7
9
Damaged grains
per panicle (%)
No damage
Less than 3
4-7
8-15
12-25
26-100
Rice Delphacid (RDel)

Causal agent
Tagosodes orizicolus
Symptoms
Similar to WBPH
NOTE: The scale is based on symptoms.
Incidence of dead plants could be
considered for final evaluation.
At growth stage:
2 (greenhouse)
2-6 (field)

0
No damage
1
Very slight
damage/leaf
discoloration
3
Yellowing of 1st and
2nd leaves
5
Pronounced yellowing
of leaves and some
stunting, less than
50% of plants dead
7
Strong yellowing of
leaves and
pronounced stunting,
greater than 50% of
plants dead
9
All plants dead
Rice Whorl Maggot (RWM)

Causal agent
Hydrellia philippina
Symptoms
Leaf margin feeding causes conspicuous damage
and sometimes stunting of plants.
At growth stage: 3

0
No damage
1
Less than 2 leaves/hill
damaged
3
2 or more leaves/hill
but less than 1/3 of
leaves damaged
5
1/3 to 1/2 of leaves
damaged
7
More than 1/2 of the
leaves damaged with
no broken leaves
9
More than 1/2 of the
leaves damaged with
some broken leaves
24
Stem Borers (SB)

Causal agent
Chilo suppressalis, (striped); C. polychrysus (dark
headed); Rupela albinella (South American white);
Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow); S. lnnotata
(white); Sesamia inferens (pink); Maliarpha
separatella (African whiteheads); Diopsis
macrophthalma (Stalked-eyed fly); and several
other species.
At growth stage:
3-5 (deadhearts)
8-9 (whiteheads)
Deadhearts and whiteheads in the
susceptible check should average more
than 20 and 10%, respectively, of infested tillers
for the test to be considered valid. Percentage of
susceptible check should be recorded. Percentage
of deadhearts and 5 11-15% whiteheads is based
on tiller count and productive tillers (panicles),
respectively.
SCALE (Deadhearts)
0
No damage
1
1-10%
3
11-20%
5
21-30%
7
31-60%
9
61% and above
SCALE (Whiteheads)
0
No damage
1
1-5%
3
6-10%
5
11-15%
7
16-25%
9
26% and above
For Diopsis spp., it is not necessary to

estimate whiteheads since infestation
occurs usually at growth stages 2-4.
NOTE: Stem dissections from 10 hills of
susceptible checks are necessary at
maximum tillering, panicle initiation and
late ripening, in order to identify SB species and to
assess more accurately the actual incidence of
stem damage.
For Maliarpha separatella, however, stem
dissection is the only way to accurately estimate
both the damage and incidence. Ten to 50 hills are
dissected and percentage
infested tillers are rated in accordance with the
scale for deadhearts. Unlike whiteheads, infested
tillers do produce some panicles and so the
relationships between whiteheads/infested tillers
and yield are not quite the same.
For deepwater rice, make dissections of 20 or more
tillers per plot or row at growth stages 6-8 and
count the numbers of infested (or damaged) tillers.
Apply the above index using the numbers of
infested tillers in place of the numbers of
deadhearts. Scoring for whiteheads is of little value
in deepwater rice.
25
Thrips
Causal agent
Stenchaetothrips biformis
SCALE
1
3
Rolling of terminal
1/3 area of 1st leaf
Rolling of terminal
1/3-1/2 area of 1st
and 2nd leaves
Rolling of terminal
1/2 area of 1st, 2nd,
and 3rd leaves;
yellowing of leaf tips
Rolling of entire
length of all leaves;
pronounced yellowing
Complete plant
wilting, followed by
severe yellowing and
scorching
Whitebacked Planthopper (WBPH)

Causal agent
Sogatella furcifera
Symptoms
Partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing
severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and
death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be
patchy.
At growth stage:
2 (greenhouse)
3-9 (field)
SCALE
0
1
3
No damage
Very slight damage
with orange tips;
slight stunting
More than half the
leaves with yelloworange tips;
pronounced stunting
More than half of
plants dead;
remaining plants
severely stunted and
wilted
All plants dead
26
Crop Damage (Rodents and Birds)

Bird Damage (BD)
NOTE: Since there is no genetic
resistance to birds, the damage can be
quantified as it does not represent
resistance.
SCALE (Damaged panicles)

0
No damage observed
1
Less than 5%
5
6-25%
9
26-100%
Rat Damage (RD)

NOTE: Since there is no genetic
resistance to rats, the damage can be
quantified as it does not represent
resistance.

0
No damage observed
1
Less than 5%
5
6-25%
9
26-100%
Deepwater
Elongation (Elon)
NOTE: Some rice can
Elongation in deepwater
Scale
Description
elongate and grow in areas
1
Best elongation response
annually flooded to varying
depths. The scale is based on
3
Response better than that
the performance of check
of elongating semidwarf,
varieties. Specify water
but not as good as that of
the best local floating
depth under which the data
variety
was recorded.
5
Biological check
Best local floating variety
(i.e. Leb Mue Nahng 111)
Elongating semidwarf (i.e.
lR11141-6-1-4)
Response similar to that of

Elongating semidwarf
Response better than that
of the nonelongating
semidwarf, but not
as good as that of
elongating semidwarf
Poorest elongation, or
Non-elongating semidwarf
none
(i.e. IR42)
27
Kneeing Ability (KnA)

SCALE
1
Tiller angle greater than 45"
for
50% of tillers
3
Tiller angle greater than 45"
for
25% of tillers
5
Maximum tiller angle is less
than
45" for 50% of tillers (Tiller
angle
greater than 45" for 1 or 2
tillers)
7
Maximum tiller angle less
than 30"
9
No kneeing
Submergence Tolerance (Sub)

Greenhouse screening
For greenhouse screening count or % survival (S)
of test entries and resistant control entry such as
FR13A. Compute for % comparative survival value
as follows:
% S of entry / % S of control x 100.
At growth stage: 2
SCALE (% comparative
survival)
1
100
3
95-99
5
75-94
7
50-74
9
0-49
Field evaluation
The period of submergence varies and often is not
under full experimental control. Record actual % of
plants that survived.
28
Drought
Drought Sensitivity (DRS)
NOTE: Drought sensitivity is highly
interactive with crop phenology, plant growth
prior to stress, and timing, duration, and
intensity of drought stress.
For many soils, it takes at least 2 rainless
weeks to cause marked differences in drought
sensitivity during the vegetative stage and at
least 7 rainless days during the reproductive
stage to cause severe drought injury.
Leaf rolling precedes leaf drying during drought.
Repeated ratings are recommended through
progress of the drought. Record the stage of plant
growth when the stress occurred and the number
of stress days.
SCALE (leaf rolling at

vegetative stage)
0
Leaves healthy
1
Leaves start to fold
(shallow)
3
Leaves folding (deep
V-shape)
5
Leaves fully cupped
(U-shape)
7
Leaf margins touching
(0-shape)
9
Leaves tightly rolled
V-shape)
SCALE (leaf drying at
vegetative stage)
0
No symptoms
1
Slight tip drying
3
Tip drying extended
up to 1/4
5
One-fourth to 1/2 of
all leaves dried
7
More than 2/3 of all
leaves fully dried
9
All plants apparently
dead. Length in most
leaves fully dried
SCALE (spikelet fertility)
1
More than 80%
3
61-80%
5
41-60%
7
11-40%
9
Less than 11%
29
Recovery (DRR)
NOTE: Scores are taken after 10 days following
soaking rain or watering. Indicate the degree of
stress before recovery.
SCALE (plants recovered)

1
90-100%
3
70-89%
5
40-69%
7
20-39%
9
0-19%
Grain Quality
100-grain Weight (GW)
NOTE: Enter measurements in grams of 100 well-developed whole grains, dried to 13%
moisture content, weighed on a precision balance.
At growth stage: 9
Alkali Digestion (AlkD)

NOTE: Place six milled-rice
Alkali digestion (AIkD) (as an indication of
kernels in 10 ml 1.7% KOH
gelatinization temperature)
Code
Alkali Digestion
Gelatinization
in a shallow container and
Temperature
arrange them so that they do
1-Not affected but
Low
High
not touch. Let it stand for 23 chalky
hours at 30C and score for 2-Swollen
spreading.
At growth stage: 9 (after
milling)
3-Swollen with collar

Low or intermediate
incomplete or narrow
4-Swollen with collar
Intermediate
complete and wide
5-Split or segmented
with collar complete and
wide
6-Dispersed merging
High
with collar
7-Completely dispersed
and cleared
High or intermediate
Intermediate
High
Amylose Content of the Grain (Amy)

NOTE: Use standard laboratory procedure to determine amylose content. Give amylose
content in actual percentage.
30
Brown Rice Length (Len)

At growth stage: 9 (after dehulling, before
milling)
SCALE (Length)
1
Extra long (more than
7.5 mm)
3
Long (6.6 to 7.5 mm)
5
Medium (5.51 to 6.6
mm)
7
Short (5.5mm or less)
Brown Rice Protein (Prt)

Percent of total brown rice weight (at 14% moisture) to one decimal place.
At growth stage: 9 (after dehulling)
Brown Rice Shape (BrS) (length-width ratio)

NOTE: Kernel shape can be
easily estimated by this
method (avoid broken
samples).
Scale
1
3
5
9
Shape
Slender
Medium
Bold
Round
Ratio
Over 3.0
2.1 to 3.0
1.1 to 2.0
Less than 1.1
At growth stage: 9 (after

harvesting, cleaning and
dehulling)
Chalkiness of Endosperm (Clk)

NOTE: Evaluate a representative milled sample
SCALE (% of kernel area)
for the degree (extent) of chalkiness that will best 0
None
describe the sample with respect to (a) white belly, 1
Small (less than
(b) white center, (c) white back.
10%)
5
Medium (11% to
At growth stage: 9
20%)
9
Large (more than
20%)
Chalkiness of Endosperm (Clk)

NOTE: Evaluate a representative milled sample for SCALE (% of kernel area)
the degree (extent) of chalkiness that will best
0
None
describe the sample with respect to (a) white belly, 1
Small (less than
(b) white center, (c) white back.
10%)
5
Medium (11% to
At growth stage: 9
20%)
9
Large (more than
20%)
31
Scent (Sct)
Code (At flowering stage or

at maturity - by cooking
test)
0
Unscented
1
Lightly scented
2
Scented
Seed Coat (bran) Color (SCC)

At growth stage: 9
Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
White
Light brown
Speckled brown
Brown
Red
Variable purple
Purple
Morphological Characteristics
Variety Group
Code
1
2
3
4
Indica
Japonica (Sinica)
Javanica
Intermediate
(hybrids)
Auricle Color (AC)

Code
1
2
Light green
Purple
Code
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Awnless
Straw
Gold
Brown (tawny)
Red
Purple
Black
Awn Color (AnC)

At growth stage: 6
32
Awning (An)
Code
0
1
Absent
Short and partly
awned
Short and fully awned
Long and partly
awned
Long and fully awned
Code
1
2
3
4
Green
Purple lines
Light purple
Purple
Code
1
2
3
Light Green
Green
Purple
5
7
Basal Leaf Sheath Color (BLSC)

At growth stage: 3-5 early to late vegetative
stage.
Collar Color (CC)

Culm Angle (CmA)

Code
1
3
5
7
9
Erect (<300)
Intermediate (~450)
Open (~600)
Spreading (>600)
Procumbent (the culm
or its lower part rests
on ground surface)
Culm Internode Color (CmlC)

NOTE: The outer surface of the internodes on the
culm is recorded.
Code
1
2
3
4
Green
Light gold
Purple lines
Purple
33
Culm Length (CL)

NOTE: Measure from soil surface to panicle base in centimeters.
Sample size = 5
Culm Number (CN)

NOTE: Enter actual count of the total number of tillers and full heading. Specify if per
plant, hill or area.
Diameter of Basal Internode (DBI)

NOTE: Enter actual measurements in millimeters from the outer diameter of the culms at
the basal portion of the main culm.
Sample size = 3
Flag Leaf Angle (FLA)

NOTE: Leaf angle is measured near the collar as
the angle of attachment between the flag leaf
blade and the main panicle axis.
Sample size = 5
Code
1
3
5
7
Erect
Intermediate
Horizontal
Descending
Grain Width (GrW)

NOTE: Enter the actual measurement of width in millimeters as the distance across the
fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point.
Sample size = 10
At growth stage: 9
Leaf Angle (LA)

NOTE: The angle of openness of the blade tip is
measured against the culm of the leaf below the
flag leaf.
Code
1
5
9
Erect
Horizontal
Droopy
34
Leaf Blade Color (LBC)

Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Light green
Green
Dark Green
Purple tips
Purple margins
Purple blotch (purple
mixed with green)
Purple
Code
1
2
3
Glabrous
Intermediate
Pubescent
Leaf Blade Pubescence (LBP)

Methodology: Aside from ocular inspection, rub
fingers from the tip down on the leaf surface.
Presence of hairs on the blade surface are
classified.
Leaf Length (LL)

NOTE: Enter actual measurements, in centimeters of the leaf just below the flag leaf.
At growth stage: 6
Leaf Width (LW)

NOTE: Enter actual measurements, in centimeters of the widest portion of the leaf blade
just below the flag leaf.
At growth stage: 6
Lemma and Palea Color (LmPC)

At growth stage: 9
Code
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Straw
Gold and gold furrows
on straw background
Brown spots on straw
Brown furrows on
straw
Brown (tawny)
Reddish to light
purple
Purple spots on straw
Purple furrows on
straw
Purple
35
9
10
Black
White
Lemma and Palea Pubescence (LmPb)

Code
1
2
3
4
5
Glabrous
Hairs on lemma keel
Hairs on upper
portion
Short hairs
Long hairs (velvety)
Code
1
2
3
White
Purple lines
Purple
Ligule Color (LgC)

Ligule Length (LgL)

NOTE: Enter actual measurement of ligules measured in millimeters from the base of the
collar to the tip.
Sample size = 5
Ligule Shape (LS)

Code
1
2
3
Acute to acuminate
Cleft
Truncate
Code
1
2
Straight
Droopy
Panicle Axis (PnA)

Panicle Length (PnL)

NOTE: Enter actual measurements in centimeters from panicle base to tip.
At growth stage: 8
36
Panicle Type (PnT)

NOTE: Panicles are classified according to their
Code
mode of branching, angle of primary branches, and 1
spikelet density.
2
3
At growth stage: 8
Compact
Intermediate
Open
Secondary Branching of Panicles (PnBr)

At growth stage: 8
Code
0
1
2
3
Absent
Light
Heavy
Clustered
Seedling Height (SH)

NOTE: Enter actual measurements of 10 seedlings in centimeters, from the base of the
shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade.
At growth stage: 2-3 (5-leaf stage)
Sterile Lemma Color (SLmc)

At growth stage: 9
Code
1
2
3
4
Straw (yellow)
Gold
Red
Purple
Sterile Lemma Length (SLmL)

NOTE: Measurement is made on each of the two
sterile lemmas. The classification is based on 5grain sample.
Code
0
1
At growth stage: 9
3
5
Absent
Short (not longer
than 1.5mm)
Medium (1.6-2.5 mm)
Long (longer than 2.5
mm but shorter than
the lemma)
Extra long (equal to
or longer than the
lemma)
Asymmetrical
37
Stigma Color (SgC)

NOTE: Stigma color is determined from blooming
spikelets (between 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.) with the aid
of a hand lens.
At growth stage: 6
Code
1
2
3
4
5
White
Light green
Yellow
Light purple
Purple
Physiochemical Stress
Alkali Injury (Alk) and Salt Injury (Sal)
Problem soils
NOTE: Observe general growth conditions in
relation to standard resistant and susceptible
checks. Since some soil problems are very
heterogeneous in the field, several replications
may be needed to obtains precise reading.
SCALE (Alkali and salt

injury)
1
Growth and tillering
nearly normal
3
Growth nearly normal
but there is some
reduction in tillering
and some leaves
discolored
(alkali)/whitish and
rolled (salt)
5
reduced; most leaves
discolored
(alkali)/whitish and
rolled (salt); only a
few elongating
7
Growth completely
ceases; most leaves
dry; some plants
dying
9
Almost all plants dead
or dying
38
Iron Toxicity (FeTox)


0
nearly normal
1
nearly normal;
reddish-brown spots
or orange
discoloration on tips
of older leaves
3
nearly normal; older
leaves reddish-brown,
purple, or orange
yellow
5
retarded; many
leaves discolored
7
ceases; most leaves
discolored or dead
9
or dying
Phosphoric Deficiency (PDef)

Greenhouse (use the following equation):
No. of tillers in 0.5 ppm
P culture solution
--------------------------------- x 100
No of tillers in 10 ppm
P culture solution
SCALE (Relative tillers)

1
80-100%
3
60-79%
5
40-59%
7
20-39%
9
0-19%
Field (use the following equation):

No. of tillers with no
P culture solution
-------------------------- x 100
No of tillers
with 25 kgP/ha
Zinc Deficiency (ZDef)

SCALE
1

nearly normal;
healthy
nearly normal; basal
39
leaves slightly
discolored
Stunting slight,
tillering decreased,
some basal leaves
brown or yellow
severely retarded,
about half of all
leaves brown or
yellow
ceases, most leaves
brown or yellow
or dying
Temperature
Cold Tolerance (Ctol)
NOTE: Observe differences in vigor along
with subtle changes in leaf color. The
optimum time to make observations would be
the seedling, tillering, flowering, and mature
stages.
At growth stage: 1;4-9
SCALE (for seedlings)

1
Seedlings dark green
3
Seedlings light green
5
Seedlings yellow
7
Seedlings brown
9
Seedlings dead
SCALE (from tillering to
maturity)
1
Plants have a normal
color; rate of growth
and flowering normal
3
Plants slightly
stunted; growth
slightly retarded
5
Plants moderately
stunted, leaves
yellowish and
development delayed
7
Plants severely
stunted, leaves yellow
and development
delayed, and panicles
poorly exserted
9
Plants severely
stunted, with leaves
brown, development
much delayed and
panicles not exserted
40
SCALE (spikelet fertility)

1
More than 80%
3
61-80%
5
41-60%
7
11-40%
9
Less than 11%
Heat Tolerance (Htol)

SCALE
1
3
5
7
9
More than 80%

61-80%
41-60%
11-40%
Less than 11%
Traits for evaluation of rice hybrids and

parental lines
Abortion Pattern of Male Sterile Lines
It can be monitored at
growth stage 5-6. Florets are
collected and fixed in 3:1
Acetic alcohol. Pollen grains
are squeezed out from some
anthers in Acetocarmine
stain and observations are
made on their staining
behavior and number of
nuclei visible in most of the
pollen grains.
Scale
1
3
5
7
9
Description
Pollen free
Abortion at uni-nucleate
stage of pollen
Abortion at binucleate
stage of pollen
Pollen Sterility (%)

TGMS line Norin PL12
"CMS-WA" type
Abortion at trinucleate
stage of pollen
Abortion at later stge and
pollen looks like a fertile
pollen
"CMS-boro" type
"CMS-HL" type
518A (O. nivara

cytoplasm)
41
Degree of Male Sterility of Male Sterile Lines

A. Pollen sterility
It is observed under the microscope under magnification 10 x 10 after staining pollen
grains with 1% Iodine Potassium Iodide (IKI) solution. Samples for pollen are collected
from at least ten florets from individual plants at growth stage 6 and fixed in 70%
alcohol. Two to three anthers are extracted from five of the florets on a glass slide and
pollen are squeezed out with a spear-shaped needle in a drop of IKI solution. At least
three microscopic fileds are used to count sterile pollen grains (viz., unstained withered,
unstained spherical, and partially stained round) and fertile pollen grains (stained round);
percentage pollen strerility is computed as follows:
Number of (unstained withered +
unstained spherical)
+ partially stained round)
--------------------------------- x 100
Total number of pollen grains (including fertile)
Scale
1
3
5
7
9
Description
Completely sterile
Highly sterile
Sterile
Partially sterile
Partially fertile to fertile

100
99.0-99.9
95.0-98.9
70.0-94.9
<70
B. Spikelet sterility
This trait of a male sterile line is monitored at growth stages 8 and 9. Two primary
panicles of at least 50 plants of a male sterile line are bagged with glassine bags at
growth stage 5-6 before their anthesis begins. Filled and unfilled spikelets of the bagged
panicles are counted.
Scale
1
3
5
7
9
Description
Completely sterile
Highly sterile
Sterile
Partially sterile
Partially fertile to fertile

100
99.0-99.9
95.0-98.9
70.0-94.9
<70
A male sterile line is considered sterile if its pollen and/or spikelet sterility ranges from
scale 1 to 3. Otherwise, it is considered unstable.
42
Extent of Outcrossing on Male Sterile Lines

This trait is monitored at growth stages 8-9 of a male sterile line grown in the field where
pollen supply at its flowering time is abundant. Seed set on the out-pollinated primary
panicles is observed.
Scale
1
3
5
7
9
Seed set (%) on out-pollinated

primary panicles
Above 30
20-29.9
10-19.9
5-9.9
0-4.9
Fertility Restoration of F1 Hybrids

This trait is monitored at growth stage 6 for pollen fertility and growth stage 8-9 for
spikelet fertility.
Pollen fertility is measured using 1% IKI solution and following the technique described
for evaluating male sterile lines. However, in this case, emphasis is one extent of fertile
pollen percentage. Spikelet fertility is monitored by counting the number of filled grains
and total spikelets per panicle and converted into percentage.
Scale
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9

90 and above
80-89
90 and above
80-89
70-79
70-79
60-69
<60
Spikelet Fertility (%)

90 and above
90 and above
75-89
75-89
75-89
60-74
60-74
<60
Male Sterility Group

Male sterility group
SCALE
1
2
3
4
5
Cytoplasmic-nuclear
interaction type
Thermosensitivegenic type (TGMS)
Photoperiod-sensitive
genic type (PGMS)
Thermo-photoperiod
genic type (TPGMS)
Genetically
engineered
(transgenic type)
Nuclear type
43
Opening of Glume of Male Sterile Linerids

This trait is monitored at growth stage 6 during the time (9:00AM - 12:00Noon) when
rice florets are blooming. Between 5-10 blooming florets of a male sterile line are
collected from different plants and angle of opening of glumes (viz., lemma and palea) is
measured on each floret. Following scale is used to classify male sterile lines on the basis
of mean angle of glume opening:
Scale
1
3
5
7
9
Angle of glume opening (o)

50 above
40-49
30-39
20-29
Below 20
Panicle Exsertion of Male Sterile Lines

This trait is monitored at growth stage 6 by observing the extent of coverage of panicles
by the flagleaf sheath.
Scale
1
3
5
7
9
Extent of coverage (%)

of panicle by flagleaf sheath
0
1-10
11-25
26-40
Above 40
Stigma Exsertion of Male Sterile Lines

This trait is monitored at growth stage 6-7 by counting number of florets which have
completed anthesis on a given day and the number of florets showing exserted stigma on
one or both sides of the florets and expressed as percent stigma exsertion.
Scale
1
3
5
7
9
Stigma exsertion
Above 70
41-70
21-40
11-20
0-10
44
Culm Strength (Cs)

NOTE: Culm strength is first rated after
heading by gently pushing the tillers back
and forth a few times. This test gives some
indication of culm stiffness and resilience.
Final observation at maturity is made to
record standing position of plants.
SCALE
1
3
Strong (no bending)

Moderately strong
(most plants bending)
Intermediate (most
plants moderately
bending)
Weak (most plants
nearly flat)
Very weak (all plants
flat)
Grain Yield (Yld)

NOTE: Area harvested should not be less than 5 m2/plot (border rows should be
discarded). Report yield in kilogram per hectare at 14% moisture.
At growth stage: 9
Xin gii thiu Bng tiu chun nh gi cc yu t : sinh trng, pht

trin, su bnh, phn mn...tc dng n cy la. Ti liu ny rt cn
thit cho CBKT BVTV hay NN ni chung. Tiu chun ca IRRI nm
2002.
45
Index
0
00AM ........................................................................................................................................ 44
00Noon..................................................................................................................................... 44
0-3
DI rating .................................................................................................................................. 9
09 ............................................................................................................................................... 9
scale ....................................................................................................................................... 9
0-shape .................................................................................................................................... 29
1
1.5mm ...................................................................................................................................... 37
100-grain Weight ..................................................................................................................... 30
100xN9 ..................................................................................................................................... 17
10xN1 ....................................................................................................................................... 17
1-Not ........................................................................................................................................ 30
1st ...................................................................................................................................... 24, 26
Yellowing.............................................................................................................................. 24
2
23 ............................................................................................................................................. 30
stand..................................................................................................................................... 30
2-cleft ....................................................................................................................................... 36
2nd ......................................................................................................................... 20, 22, 24, 26
2nd leaves................................................................................................................................ 20
2-Swollen ................................................................................................................................. 30
3
30C.......................................................................................................................................... 30
3rd ............................................................................................................................................ 26
3-Swollen ................................................................................................................................. 30
4
40xN5 ....................................................................................................................................... 17
4-10 .............................................................................................................................. 13, 15, 17
infecting ......................................................................................................................... 15, 17
4-leaf .......................................................................................................................................... 8
4-Swollen ................................................................................................................................. 30
5
5.5mm ...................................................................................................................................... 31
518A ......................................................................................................................................... 41
5-grain ...................................................................................................................................... 37
5-leaf ........................................................................................................................................ 37
5-Split....................................................................................................................................... 30
6
6-Dispersed ............................................................................................................................. 30
7
70xN7 ....................................................................................................................................... 17
7-Completely ........................................................................................................................... 30
46
A
Ability................................................................................................................................... 8, 28
Kneeing ................................................................................................................................ 28
Tillering .................................................................................................................................. 8
Abortion Pattern ...................................................................................................................... 41
Male Sterile Lines ................................................................................................................ 41
AC ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Acetic ....................................................................................................................................... 41
Acetocarmine .......................................................................................................................... 41
African ..................................................................................................................................... 25
AIkD ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Alk ............................................................................................................................................ 38
Alkali Digestion ....................................................................................................................... 30
Alkali Injury.............................................................................................................................. 38
AlkD ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Alternaria ................................................................................................................................. 14
Amy .......................................................................................................................................... 30
Amylose ................................................................................................................................... 30
Amylose Content..................................................................................................................... 30
Grain ..................................................................................................................................... 30
AnC .......................................................................................................................................... 32
And/or spikelet ........................................................................................................................ 42
Anthesis............................................................................................................................. 42, 44
Auricle Color ........................................................................................................................... 32
Awn Color ................................................................................................................................ 32
B
B 20, 31, 42
Bacterial Blight ........................................................................................................................ 13
Bacterial Leaf Streak ............................................................................................................... 13
Bak ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Bakanae Diseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Balansia oryzae-sativae .......................................................................................................... 19
Basal Internode ....................................................................................................................... 34
Diameter ............................................................................................................................... 34
Basal Leaf Sheath Color ......................................................................................................... 33
BB ............................................................................................................................................ 13
BD ............................................................................................................................................ 27
Binucleate ................................................................................................................................ 41
Binucleate stage...................................................................................................................... 41
Bipolaris ............................................................................................................................ 13, 14
Bipolaris oryzae ...................................................................................................................... 13
Bird Damage ............................................................................................................................ 27
Bl .............................................................................................................................................. 15
Blooming ................................................................................................................................. 38
spikelets ............................................................................................................................... 38
BLS .......................................................................................................................................... 13
BLSC ........................................................................................................................................ 33
BPH .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Brown Planthopper ................................................................................................................. 20
Brown Rice Length.................................................................................................................. 31
Brown Rice Protein ................................................................................................................. 31
Brown Rice Shape ................................................................................................................... 31
Brown Spot .............................................................................................................................. 13
BrS ........................................................................................................................................... 31
BS ............................................................................................................................................ 13
47
C
C 20, 25, 31
Caseworm ................................................................................................................................ 21
CC ............................................................................................................................................ 33
Cercospora janseana .............................................................................................................. 17
Chalkiness ............................................................................................................................... 31
Endosperm........................................................................................................................... 31
Chilo suppressalis .................................................................................................................. 25
CL ............................................................................................................................................. 34
Clk ............................................................................................................................................ 31
CmA ......................................................................................................................................... 33
CmlC ........................................................................................................................................ 33
CMS-boro ................................................................................................................................. 41
CMS-HL .................................................................................................................................... 41
CMS-WA................................................................................................................................... 41
CN ............................................................................................................................................ 34
Cnaphalocrosis medinalis ...................................................................................................... 22
Cochliobolus miyabeanus ...................................................................................................... 13
CODE ................................................................................................................................... 5, 15
Cold Tolerance ........................................................................................................................ 40
Collar Color ............................................................................................................................. 33
Ctol........................................................................................................................................... 40
Culm............................................................................................................................. 33, 34, 45
Culm Angle .............................................................................................................................. 33
Culm Internode Color .............................................................................................................. 33
Culm Length ............................................................................................................................ 34
Culm Number........................................................................................................................... 34
Culm Strength ......................................................................................................................... 45
Culms....................................................................................................................................... 34
Curvularia ................................................................................................................................ 14
CW............................................................................................................................................ 21
Cytoplasmic-nuclear ............................................................................................................... 43
D
D 22
Damage Rating ........................................................................................................................ 22
Damage/leaf ............................................................................................................................. 24
Dark Green......................................................................................................................... 35, 40
Darkening ................................................................................................................................ 14
glumes.................................................................................................................................. 14
DBI ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Deadhearts .............................................................................................................................. 25
scale ..................................................................................................................................... 25
Deepwater .......................................................................................................................... 25, 27
Degree.................................................................................................................8, 11, 30, 31, 42
Male Sterility ........................................................................................................................ 42
Dehulling ................................................................................................................................. 31
DI .................................................................................................................................... 9, 10, 11
resulting ................................................................................................................................. 9
DI rating ..................................................................................................................................... 9
0-3 ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Diameter ............................................................................................................................ 15, 34
Basal Internode .................................................................................................................... 34
Diopsis macrophthalma .......................................................................................................... 25
Diopsis spp.............................................................................................................................. 25
Dis ............................................................................................................................................ 13
48
Discolored6 ............................................................................................................................. 38
Disease ............................................................................................................. 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 15
Diseases caused ....................................................................................................................... 9
Drechslera oryzae ................................................................................................................... 13
Drop ......................................................................................................................................... 42
IKI ......................................................................................................................................... 42
Drought Sensitivity ................................................................................................................. 29
Drought sensitivity during ...................................................................................................... 29
DRR .......................................................................................................................................... 30
DRS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
E
Elon .......................................................................................................................................... 27
Elongating ............................................................................................................................... 27
semidwarf............................................................................................................................. 27
Elongating semidwarf ............................................................................................................. 27
Elongation ..................................................................................................................... 5, 11, 27
Endosperm .............................................................................................................................. 31
Chalkiness ........................................................................................................................... 31
Endosperm Type ..................................................................................................................... 31
Entyloma oryzae................................................................................................................ 13, 17
Ephelis oryzae ......................................................................................................................... 19
Exs ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Exsert ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Exserted ......................................................................................................................... 6, 40, 44
showing ................................................................................................................................ 44
Exsertion ................................................................................................................................. 44
Extent..................................................................................................................... 22, 31, 43, 44
Outcrossing ......................................................................................................................... 43
Exudates ............................................................................................................................ 13, 17
F
F1 Hybrids ............................................................................................................................... 43
Fertility Restoration ............................................................................................................. 43
False Smut ............................................................................................................................... 14
Fari ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Fertility Restoration ................................................................................................................ 43
F1 Hybrids ............................................................................................................................ 43
FeTox ....................................................................................................................................... 39
Fileds ....................................................................................................................................... 42
FLA........................................................................................................................................... 34
Flag Leaf Angle ....................................................................................................................... 34
Flagleaf .................................................................................................................................... 44
Flagleaf sheat .......................................................................................................................... 44
FR13A ...................................................................................................................................... 28
FSm .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Fusarium.................................................................................................................................. 14
G
Gall Midge ................................................................................................................................ 21
Gd ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Gelatinization........................................................................................................................... 30
Gelatinization Temperature..................................................................................................... 30
Gerlachia ................................................................................................................................. 14
Germplasm ................................................................................................................................ 5
Giberella fujikuroi .................................................................................................................... 13
49
Give amylose ........................................................................................................................... 30

Glabrous ............................................................................................................................ 35, 36
GLH .......................................................................................................................................... 22
Glume ................................................................................................................................ 14, 44
Opening ................................................................................................................................ 44
Glume opening ........................................................................................................................ 44
Glumes......................................................................................................................... 11, 14, 44
Darkening ............................................................................................................................. 14
opening ................................................................................................................................ 44
rupturing .............................................................................................................................. 14
GM............................................................................................................................................ 21
Grade Damage ......................................................................................................................... 22
Grain .................................................................... 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 17, 24, 30, 34, 41, 42, 43, 45
Amylose Content ................................................................................................................. 30
Grain Discoloration ................................................................................................................. 14
Grain Width.............................................................................................................................. 34
Grain Yield ............................................................................................................................... 45
Green Leafhopper ................................................................................................................... 22
Greyish .................................................................................................................................... 17
Growth Stages .. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32,
33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45
Rice Plants ............................................................................................................................. 5
GrW .......................................................................................................................................... 34
GW ........................................................................................................................................... 30
H
Heat Tolerance ........................................................................................................................ 41
Height ....................................................................................................... 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 37
Seedling ............................................................................................................................... 37
Hopperburn ............................................................................................................................. 20
Hoppers/hiII ............................................................................................................................. 20
Hoppers/hill ............................................................................................................................. 20
Htol........................................................................................................................................... 41
Hydrellia philippina ................................................................................................................. 24
I
IKI ....................................................................................................................................... 42, 43
drop ...................................................................................................................................... 42
Incidence ...................................................................................... 6, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 24, 25
Lodging .................................................................................................................................. 6
Indica ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Infecting ............................................................................................................................. 15, 17
4-10 ................................................................................................................................. 15, 17
Interdisciplinary ........................................................................................................................ 5
promote .................................................................................................................................. 5
Interdisciplinary approach ........................................................................................................ 5
rice.......................................................................................................................................... 5
Internode3................................................................................................................................ 17
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 9
Iodine Potassium Iodide ......................................................................................................... 42
IR42 .......................................................................................................................................... 27
Iron Toxicity............................................................................................................................. 39
J
Javanica................................................................................................................................... 32
Just exserted ............................................................................................................................. 6
50
K
Kernel Smut ............................................................................................................................. 14
KgP/ha ..................................................................................................................................... 39
KI-l ............................................................................................................................................ 31
KnA .......................................................................................................................................... 28
Kneeing.................................................................................................................................... 28
Ability ................................................................................................................................... 28
KOH.......................................................................................................................................... 30
Kresek ................................................................................................................................ 13, 15
KSm ......................................................................................................................................... 14
L
LA............................................................................................................................................. 34
LBC .......................................................................................................................................... 35
LBP .......................................................................................................................................... 35
Leaf Angle................................................................................................................................ 34
Leaf Blade Color...................................................................................................................... 35
Leaf Blade Pubescence........................................................................................................... 35
Leaf Blast................................................................................................................................. 15
Leaf Length........................................................................................................................ 15, 35
Leaf Scald ................................................................................................................................ 16
Leaf Senescence ....................................................................................................................... 6
Leaf Width................................................................................................................................ 35
Leaffolder................................................................................................................................. 22
Leaves/hill................................................................................................................................ 24
Leb Mue Nahng 111................................................................................................................. 27
Lemma .............................................................................................................. 34, 35, 36, 37, 44
Len ........................................................................................................................................... 31
Leptocorisa oratorius.............................................................................................................. 24
Lesions2 .................................................................................................................................. 15
Less than1 ............................................................................................................................... 19
LF ............................................................................................................................................. 22
Lg ............................................................................................................................................... 6
LgC........................................................................................................................................... 36
LgL ........................................................................................................................................... 36
Light Green .............................................................................................................................. 33
Ligule Color ............................................................................................................................. 36
Ligule Length........................................................................................................................... 36
Ligule Shape............................................................................................................................ 36
Ligules ..................................................................................................................................... 36
LL ............................................................................................................................................. 35
LmPb........................................................................................................................................ 36
LmPC ....................................................................................................................................... 35
Lnnotata................................................................................................................................... 25
Lodging...................................................................................................................................... 6
Incidence ................................................................................................................................ 6
LR11141-6-1-4 .......................................................................................................................... 27
Ls ....................................................................................................................................... 16, 36
LW ............................................................................................................................................ 35
M
M2/plot ..................................................................................................................................... 45
Magnaporthe grisea .......................................................................................................... 15, 17
Male Sterile Linerids................................................................................................................ 44
Male Sterile Lines .................................................................................................. 41, 42, 43, 44
Abortion Pattern .................................................................................................................. 41
51
Panicle Exsertion ................................................................................................................. 44

Stigma Exsertion ................................................................................................................. 44
Male Sterility ...................................................................................................................... 42, 43
Degree .................................................................................................................................. 42
Male Sterility Group ................................................................................................................ 43
Maliarpha separatella .............................................................................................................. 25
Marasmia patnalis ................................................................................................................... 22
Maturity .................................................................................................................... 6, 32, 40, 45
Measurment ............................................................................................................................... 7
METs .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Microdochium oryzae.............................................................................................................. 16
MLO............................................................................................................................................ 9
Monographella albescens ....................................................................................................... 16
Multi-environment ..................................................................................................................... 5
Mycelial .................................................................................................................................... 19
Mycoplasma ............................................................................................................................ 12
Mycoplasma-like........................................................................................................................ 9
Mycoplasma-like Organisms .................................................................................................... 9
N
N9
N1-N9 ....................................................................................................................................... 17
N3 ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Narrow Brown Leaf Spot ......................................................................................................... 17
NBLS ........................................................................................................................................ 17
Nephotettix spp ....................................................................................................................... 22
Nilaparvata lugens .................................................................................................................. 20
Nivara ....................................................................................................................................... 41
Non-elongating ........................................................................................................................ 27
semidwarf............................................................................................................................. 27
Nonelongating semidwarf ....................................................................................................... 27
Norin PL12 ............................................................................................................................... 41
NOTE........ 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 45
Nymphula depunctalis ............................................................................................................ 21
O
O 41, 44
Opening ................................................................................................................................... 44
Glume ................................................................................................................................... 44
glumes.................................................................................................................................. 44
Orseolia oryzae ....................................................................................................................... 21
Oryzicola.................................................................................................................................. 13
Outcrossing ............................................................................................................................. 43
Extent ................................................................................................................................... 43
Outcrossing on Male Sterile Lines ......................................................................................... 43
P
P 39
PAcp .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Palea ...................................................................................................................... 34, 35, 36, 44
Palea Color .............................................................................................................................. 35
Palea Pubescence ................................................................................................................... 36
Panicle Axis ................................................................................................................. 17, 34, 36
Panicle axis near ..................................................................................................................... 17
Panicle Blast............................................................................................................................ 17
Panicle Exsertion ................................................................................................................ 6, 44
52

Panicle Length......................................................................................................................... 36
Panicle Threshability................................................................................................................. 7
Panicle Type ............................................................................................................................ 37
Panicles .......................................... 6, 7, 11, 12, 17, 19, 24, 25, 27, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44
Secondary Branching .......................................................................................................... 37
Pannicle Exsertion .................................................................................................................... 6
Partly exserted .......................................................................................................................... 6
PB ............................................................................................................................................ 17
PBS .......................................................................................................................................... 17
PDef ......................................................................................................................................... 39
Pedicels ................................................................................................................................... 17
PGMS ....................................................................................................................................... 43
Phenology................................................................................................................................ 29
Phenotypic Acceptability .......................................................................................................... 7
Phoma...................................................................................................................................... 14
Phosphoric Deficiency ............................................................................................................ 39
Photoperiod-sensitive ............................................................................................................. 43
Plae .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Plant Height ..................................................................................................................... 7, 8, 19
PnA .......................................................................................................................................... 36
PnBr ......................................................................................................................................... 37
PnL ........................................................................................................................................... 36
PnT ........................................................................................................................................... 37
Pollen Sterility ............................................................................................................. 41, 42, 43
Polychrysus............................................................................................................................. 25
Ppm .......................................................................................................................................... 39
Pressing..................................................................................................................................... 8
spikelets ................................................................................................................................. 8
Promote ..................................................................................................................................... 5
interdisciplinary ..................................................................................................................... 5
Prt ............................................................................................................................................ 31
Psuedomonas.......................................................................................................................... 14
Pyricularia oryzae.............................................................................................................. 15, 17
R
Rat Damage ............................................................................................................................. 27
Ratoon ..................................................................................................................................... 12
RB ............................................................................................................................................ 24
RD ............................................................................................................................................ 27
RDel ......................................................................................................................................... 24
REACTION ................................................................................................................................. 9
Recovery .................................................................................................................................. 30
Resistant/tolerant ...................................................................................................................... 9
Resulting ................................................................................................................................... 9
DI ............................................................................................................................................ 9
RGSV1................................................................................................................................ 10, 11
RGSV1--Severe ........................................................................................................................ 10
RGSV2...................................................................................................................................... 10
RHBV ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Rhizoctonia solani................................................................................................................... 19
Rice ...................................................................................... 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 24, 25, 27, 31, 44
interdisciplinary approach .................................................................................................... 5
Standard Evaluation System ................................................................................................. 5
Rice Bug .................................................................................................................................. 24
Rice Delphacid ........................................................................................................................ 24
Rice Grassy Stunt ................................................................................................................... 10
53
Rice Hoja Blanca ..................................................................................................................... 11

Rice Plants................................................................................................................................. 5
Growth Stages ....................................................................................................................... 5
Rice tungro .............................................................................................................................. 11
Rice Tungro Disease ............................................................................................................... 11
Rice Whorl Maggot .................................................................................................................. 24
Rice Yellow Mottle ................................................................................................................... 12
RSGV2...................................................................................................................................... 10
RSGV2-Severe ......................................................................................................................... 10
RSGV2--Severe ........................................................................................................................ 10
RTBV ........................................................................................................................................ 11
RTSV ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Rupela albinella ....................................................................................................................... 25
Rupturing ................................................................................................................................. 14
glumes.................................................................................................................................. 14
RWM......................................................................................................................................... 24
RYM.......................................................................................................................................... 12
S
S 13, 15, 25, 28
Sal ............................................................................................................................................ 38
Salt Injury................................................................................................................................. 38
Sarocladium ............................................................................................................................ 14
SB ............................................................................................................................................ 25
Scale 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 38,
39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45
09 ............................................................................................................................................ 9
deadhearts ........................................................................................................................... 25
SCC .......................................................................................................................................... 32
Scent ........................................................................................................................................ 32
Scirpophaga incertulas ........................................................................................................... 25
Sct ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Secondary Branching ............................................................................................................. 37
Panicles................................................................................................................................ 37
Seed Coat ................................................................................................................................ 32
Seedling ............................................................................................................................... 8, 37
Height ................................................................................................................................... 37
Vegetative Vigor..................................................................................................................... 8
Semidwarf ............................................................................................................................ 7, 27
elongating ............................................................................................................................ 27
Non-elongating .................................................................................................................... 27
Serologically.............................................................................................................................. 9
SES ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Sesamia inferens..................................................................................................................... 25
Severe ...................................................................................................................................... 10
SgC .......................................................................................................................................... 38
SH ............................................................................................................................................ 37
ShB .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Sheath Blight ........................................................................................................................... 19
Sheath Rot ............................................................................................................................... 19
Showing ................................................................................................................................... 44
exserted................................................................................................................................ 44
ShR .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Sinica ....................................................................................................................................... 32
SLmc ........................................................................................................................................ 37
SLmL........................................................................................................................................ 37
Sogatella furcifera ................................................................................................................... 26
54
Soracladium oryzae ................................................................................................................ 19

South American ....................................................................................................................... 25
SpFert ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Sphaerulina oryzina ................................................................................................................ 17
Spikelet ......................................................................................................... 8, 29, 37, 40, 42, 43
Spikelet Fertility ...................................................................................................... 8, 29, 40, 43
Spikelets .............................................................................................................8, 14, 38, 42, 43
blooming .............................................................................................................................. 38
pressing ................................................................................................................................. 8
Sporulating .................................................................................................................. 13, 15, 17
Stand.................................................................................................................................. 30, 45
23 .......................................................................................................................................... 30
Standard Evaluation System .................................................................................................... 5
Rice ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Standing position .................................................................................................................... 45
Stem Borers............................................................................................................................. 25
Stenchaetothrips biformis ...................................................................................................... 26
Sterile Lemma Color................................................................................................................ 37
Sterile Lemma Length ............................................................................................................. 37
Stge .......................................................................................................................................... 41
Stigma Color............................................................................................................................ 38
Stigma Exsertion ..................................................................................................................... 44
Strerility ................................................................................................................................... 42
Submergence Tolerance ......................................................................................................... 28
T
Tagosodes orizicolus .............................................................................................................. 24
TGMS ................................................................................................................................. 41, 43
Thanethoporus cucumeris...................................................................................................... 19
Thermo-photoperiod ............................................................................................................... 43
Thermosensitive-genic ........................................................................................................... 43
Thr.............................................................................................................................................. 7
Thrips....................................................................................................................................... 26
Ti 8
Tillering ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Ability ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Tillers/plant ................................................................................................................................ 8
Tilletia barclayana ................................................................................................................... 14
Tn ............................................................................................................................................... 9
TPGMS ..................................................................................................................................... 43
Transgenic ............................................................................................................................... 43
Trichoconiella .......................................................................................................................... 14
Trinucleate ............................................................................................................................... 41
Trinucleate stage ..................................................................................................................... 41
Tungro ..................................................................................................................................... 11
U
UDb .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Udbatta Disease ...................................................................................................................... 19
Uni-nucleate ............................................................................................................................ 41
Uni-nucleate stage .................................................................................................................. 41
Use ...................................................................................................... 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 22, 30, 39
U-shape.................................................................................................................................... 29
Ustilaginoidea virens .............................................................................................................. 14
55
V
Variety Group .......................................................................................................................... 32
Vegetative Vigor ........................................................................................................................ 8
Seedling ................................................................................................................................. 8
Vg ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Viruses ....................................................................................................................................... 9
V-shape .................................................................................................................................... 29
W
WBPH ................................................................................................................................. 24, 26
Welcome .................................................................................................................................... 5
Well exserted ............................................................................................................................. 6
Whitebacked Planthopper....................................................................................................... 26
Whiteheads/infested................................................................................................................ 25
X
Xanthomas oryzae pv.oryzae.................................................................................................. 13
Xanthomonas oryzae pv ......................................................................................................... 13
Y
YD ............................................................................................................................................ 12
Yellow Dwarf............................................................................................................................ 12
Yellow-greenish ....................................................................................................................... 14
Yellowing ................................................................................................................................. 24
1st ......................................................................................................................................... 24
Yld ............................................................................................................................................ 45
Z
ZDef.......................................................................................................................................... 39
Zinc Deficiency ........................................................................................................................ 39
56

He Thong Tieu Chuan Danh Gia Cay Lua (IRRI - Tieng Anh)

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He Thong Tieu Chuan Danh Gia Cay Lua (IRRI - Tieng Anh)

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1

Crop Damage (diseases) ............................................................................................. 9

BACTERIAL LEAF STREAK (BLS)................................................................... 13

Crop Damage (Insects) .............................................................................................. 20

Rice Delphacid (RDel) ........................................................................................................ 24

Crop Damage (Rodents and Birds) ............................................................................ 27

RAT DAMAGE (RD) ........................................................................................... 27

Grain Quality .............................................................................................................. 30

Morphological Characteristics .................................................................................... 32

Leaf Length (LL) ................................................................................................................. 35

Physiochemical Stress ............................................................................................... 38

Traits for evaluation of rice hybrids and parental lines ................................................ 41

CULM STRENGTH (CS) .................................................................................... 45

Standard Evaluation System for Rice (SES)

Growth Stages of Rice Plants

Late and slow (leaves

Lodging Incidence (Lg)

Panicle Exsertion (Exs)

At growth stage: 7-9

Panicle Threshability (Thr)

Difficult (less than

Phenotypic Acceptability (PAcp)

Plant Height (Ht)

Seedling Vegetative Vigor (Vg)

Extra vigorous (very

Spikelet Fertility (SpFert)

Highly fertile (>90%)

Tillering Ability (Ti)

Very high (more than

Crop Damage (diseases)

The resulting DI can be classified as:

Rice Grassy Stunt 1 & 2 Disease

reduction and with

Rice Hoja Blanca (RHBV)

Rice Tungro Disease

Rice Yellow Mottle (RYM)

SCALE (for field test)

Yellow Dwarf (YD)

Bacterial Leaf Streak (BLS)

SCALE (Affected leaf area)

Bakanae Diseases (Bak)

Brown Spot (BS)

SCALE (Affected leaf area)

False Smut (FSm)

SCALE (Infected florets)

Grain Discoloration (Gd)

SCALE (Grains with severely

At growth stage: 8-9

Kernel Smut (KSm)

Leaf Blast (Bl)

SCALE (for blast nursery)

spots, about 1-2 mm

Leaf Scald (Ls)

SCALE (Affected leaf area)

Narrow Brown Leaf Spot (NBLS)

SCALE (Affected leaf area)

Panicle Blast (PB)

SCALE (based on symptoms)

or lower part of the panicle axis (symptom type 79).

around panicle base

Sheath Blight (ShB)

SCALE (based on relative

Sheath Rot (ShR)

Udbatta Disease (UDb)