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Study Guide
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References
OptiX RTN 600 Product Description and OptiX RTN 600 Hardware Description in the OptiX RTN 600 Package of Documents
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Training Purpose
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Table of Contents
1. Network Applications and Networking Modes of the OptiX RTN 600 2. Service Protection and Equipment Protection Schemes of the OptiX RTN 600
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Network Application
The OptiX RTN 600 radio transmission system is a short haul digital microwave transmission system. Each radio frequency (RF) carrier of the RTN 600 system can transmit 4/8/16xE1 or 1xSTM-1 on the 7 GHz-38 GHz RF band.
The system provides multiple service interfaces, and it can be flexibly configured and easily installed. It can form the transmission network with the optical transmission equipment at the access layer, and can also provide backhaul links in a mobile telecommunication network or a private network.
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Classified by Station Type Terminal station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services only in one direction. Relay station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services in two directions and is required added to solve the problem existing in the microwave line of sight communication. The relay station is classified into two types, active relay station and passive relay station. Add/Drop relay station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services in two directions and adds/drops transmitted services. Pivotal station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services in three or more than three directions and transfers the services in transmission channels in different directions. It is also called the HUB station.
Classified by Transmit and Receive Frequency Primary station: the transmit frequency is higher than the receive frequency, also named high station. Non-primary station: the transmit frequency is lower than the receive frequency, also named low station.
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 6
Relay station Terminal station Pivotal station Terminal station f1 f 1 Primary station
Relay station
The Primary station and the Non-primary station are usually arranged alternately in the double-frequency radio link.
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 7
SL1 PXC
slot3 slot1
IF1A SCC
slot4 slot2
slot3 slot1
IF1A SCC
slot4 slot2 slot 20 IF1A IF1A PXC PXC slot7 slot5 slot3 slot1 SL1 PH1 SCC slot8 slot6 slot4 slot2
SLE PXC
slot3 slot1
IF1A SCC
slot4 slot2
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The following figures show the basic topologies of the microwave network.
Ring network Chain network
Star network
Tree network
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VIP client
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Radio link
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Transmission network
User network
User network
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User network
Transmission network
User network
User network
User network
User network
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Questions
How many microwave station types can be configured on the OptiX RTN 600? What are them?
List out four applications of the OptiX RTN 600 in the transmission network.
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Table of Contents
1. Network Applications and Networking Modes of the OptiX RTN 600 2. Service Protection and Equipment Protection Schemes of the OptiX RTN 600
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Service Protection and Equipment Protection Schemes of the OptiX RTN 600
The service protection and equipment protection schemes provided the OptiX RTN 600 are as follows:
1+1 Hot Stand By (HSB) protection Microwave 1+1 Space Diversity (SD) protection Microwave 1+1 Frequency Diversity (FD) protection Sub-network connection protection (SNCP) Cross-connect and clock unit (PXC) active/standby protection
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Antenna
Cross-connect unit
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The 1+1 HSB protection can provide protection for the equipment when the IF board or the ODU failed. The conditions triggering the 1+1 HSB protection switching include the hardware fault of the IF unit, the hardware fault of the ODU, R_LOS, MW_LOF, R_LOC, R_LOF and MW_RDI.
The service interruption time of the 1+1 HSB protection switching is less than 1s.
Only the OptiX RTN 620 supports the 1+1 HSB protection. The ODU must use the same sub-band and type of the Primary and Nonprimary stations.
Only one antenna need be used at one station. Two IF boards need not be configured in the paired slots.
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1+1 SD Protection
In the normal state
Main IF unit ODU Antenna
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Because of the multi-path fading, the 1+1 SD installing the main and standby antennas in different positions to protect the transmission channel.
The conditions triggering the 1+1 SD protection switching include MW_LOF, R_LOS, R_LOC, R_LOF, MW_FECUNCOR, and B1_SD (when the IF working mode is the PDH)/B2_SD (when the IF working mode is the SDH).
The 1+1 SD protection switching does not affect the services. Only the OptiX RTN 620 supports the 1+1 SD protection. The ODU must use the same sub-band and type of the Primary and Nonprimary stations.
Two antennas must be used at one station. Two IF boards must be configured in the paired slots.
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1+1 FD Protection
In the normal state
Main IF unit
f1
ODU
Antenna
f2
ODU
IF unit
Main IF unit
f1
ODU
Antenna
f2
ODU
IF unit
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The 1+1 FD uses the fading feature diversities between the signals of different frequencies in the space transmission to protect the active and standby channels in the microwave transmission.
The conditions triggering the 1+1 FD protection switching include MW_LOF, R_LOS, R_LOC, R_LOF, MW_FECUNCR, B1_SD (when the IF working mode is the PDH), and B2_SD (when the IF working mode is SDH).
The 1+1 FD protection switching does not affect the services. Only the OptiX RTN 620 supports the 1+1 FD protection. The ODU must use different sub-bands and types at the same station. Two or one antenna (the hybrid coupler must be used) can be used at one station.
Configuration Requirement
Switching Condition
Service Interruption
In general, one antenna is used. There is no special requirement on the paired slot. The sub-band of the main and standby ODUs must be the same. Two antennas must be used. There is the requirement on the paired slot. The sub-band of the main and standby ODUs must be the same. One or two antennas can be used. There is the requirement on the paired slot.
Hardware fault of the IF unit and ODU unit, MW_LOF, R_LOS, R_LOC, R_LOF and MW_RDI
1+1 SD
The conditions triggering the 1+1 SD protection switching is the service fault. In this case, the MW_LOF, R_LOS, R_LOC, and R_LOF are not counted as the conditions triggering the HSB switching. The condition triggering the 1+1 FD protection switching is the service fault.
IF unit
1+1 FD
In this case, the MW_LOF, R_LOS, R_LOC, and R_LOF are The sub-band of the main and not counted as the conditions standby ODUs should be triggering the HSB switching. different. Page 26 Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
IF unit
SNCP
SNCP stands for the sub-network connection protection. The protection is performed when the signal fail or are degraded. SNCP adopts the 1+1 single-end switching and does not require the support of the protocol.
The conditions triggering the higher order SNCP include R_LOS MW_LIM MS_AIS B2_EXC R_LOC AU_AIS AU_LOP
conditions triggering the higher order SNCP include HP_TIM, HP_UNEQ, B3_EXC and B3_SD.
The required conditions triggering the lower order SNCP include the TU_AIS and TU_LOP. The optional conditions triggering the lower order SNCP include the LP_TIM, LP_UNEQ, LP_SLM, BIP_EXC, and BIP_SD.
The service interruption time in the SNCP switching is less than 50 ms. The source board in an SNCP pair must be the line board or the IF board. If the IF board is configured in one 1+1 protection group, it cannot be configured as the source board of one SNCP pair.
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SNCP (cont.)
The SNCP is shown in the following figure. Services are transmitted bidirectionally at
NE A. The path that passes through NE B is the active path. The path that passes through NE D is the standby path. In the normal state, NE C selectively receives the services from the active path. In the switching state, NE C selectively receives the services from the standby path.
A
Active Standby
C
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 28
In the normal state, the active and standby PXC work in the hot standby mode. When the active unit is abnormal, the standby unit replace the original active one to providing the cross-connect and clock functions to the entire system.
The conditions triggering the PXC active/standby protection include the loss of the 38M system clock and the hardware failure.
The conditions triggering the situation that the service unit selects the PXC include loss of the system clock, loss of the service frame header, loss of the overhead clock, and loss of the overhead frame header.
The service interruption time in the PXC active/standby switching within 50 ms. Only the OptiX RTN 620 supports the PXC active/standby protection. When the slots 1 and 3 are both configured with the cross-connect and clock board PXC, this protection is automatically enabled.
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Service unit
Clock signal
Service unit
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Summary
Service and Equipment Protection Schemes Supported by the OptiX RTN 600
1+1 HSB protection 1+1 SD protection 1+1 FD protection SNCP protection Cross-connect and clock unit 1+1 hot standby
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Thank You
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