Al Jalees Part 2

AL-JALEYS
Part II (Revised Edition 2008)
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To Harry Barnes, Jr. who believes that
!"
Please e-mail your comments to : mjiyad@mtholyoke.edu
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CONTENTS
Introduction 2
Unit 1, In a Restaurant 6
Unit 2, A Telephone Call 27
Unit 3, Renting an Apartment 48
Unit 4, Chatting with a Jordanian Friend 68
Unit 5, Shopping in Damascus 91
Unit 6, Readings from the Arabic Press 115
Unit 7, Talking about One's Hobbies 141
Unit 8, Memories from Baghdad 165
Unit 9, The Colored Picture 189
Unit 10, The Marvel Detergent 215
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Introduction
For decades teachers have been combining language and content through techniques such as
storytelling, games, role plays, and, more recently, integration of subject area. The introduction of
teaching language in order to achieve proficiency based outcomes has underscored the importance of
meaning and context in comprehension and production. The guidelines developed by ACTFL and the
Educational Testing Service (ETS) define what language users are able to do with the language at
various stages. In the last ten years, many professionals grasped the idea of using the proficiency
definition of what it means to know a language for purposes of organizing instruction. The proficiency
model defines language ability in terms of three criteria:
(1) functions: linguistic tasks performed such as asking for information, narrating past activities, or
expressing opinions.
(2) contexts/contents: the settings in which one uses language, e.g., informal settings,
transactional situations, formal settings, together with the topic or themes of conversation, such
as topics related to self and to immediate environment (family, shopping, transportation,
restaurant, etc., concrete topics of personal and general interest, and abstract topics.
(3) accuracy: the precision of the message in terms of fluency, grammar, vocabulary, pragmatic
competence, pronunciation, sociolinguistic competence (Buck, Byrnes, and Thompson 1989).
Meaning and contextualized practice form the foundation for an approach that seeks to develop
proficiency.
The recent focus on more meaningful, contextualized teaching has prompted some changes in the
traditional bottom-up mechanical /communicative format of textbook exercises. In his review of textbook
exercise formats, Waltz (1989) found that current textbooks are “contextualizing” mechanical or skill-
getting exercises in a wide variety of ways such as by:
(1) connecting exercise sentences with the same situation or theme;

(2) providing a context for the exercise in the form of information concerning people, activities or
description; and
(3) combining cultural aspects with language practice within the exercise.
Recent studies in foreign language teaching have pointed to the possible benefit of a “top-down” or
“whole language” approach to language instruction, through which students manipulate language to
communicate thoughts by using higher level skills before attending to discrete language structures with
the use of lower level skills. By means of activities such as negotiation of meaning and joint problem
solving with the teacher and classmates, students participate in amore complex task than the students
are capable of producing by themselves (Adir-Hauck 1992). Therefore, meaning and context take the
front seat in this performance before competence approach, which reflects how first-language learners
acquire language. Anderson (1984) proposes four criteria for judging a whole language approach to
language teaching. Language learning should:
(1) include meaningful, natural language

(2) include whole language, not language fragments
(3) be functional, and
(4) be learned in a meaningful context.
Basically, the above principles have been utilized in the development of "Al-Jaleys" textbook. In addition,
a culture-based textbook and its syllabus identify a possible sequence of contexts of communication,
grammatical structures, and cultural topics that could be integrated. The culture topics in Al-Jaleys appear
in three categories:
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(1) those dealing with surface features of the Arabic culture with primary emphasis on behavior;
(2) those pertaining to daily life in the target culture-habits, patterns of living, etc.;
(3) those dealing with a more conceptual level, with attention to political, social, economical,
culture institutions and pattern, and with the challenges currently facing Arabs. The convergence of these
factors serves as a process through which students are able to acquire a set of behavior, body of
knowledge, a set of skills, and a cultural proficiency that facilitate learning about the Arabic culture and
their own cultures as well.
Finally, Al-Jaleys recommends an interactive teacher/student relationship that can be categorized as

"cognitive instruction." Through this approach, students process information in meaningful ways, take
responsibility for their own learning and become independent learners. As students and teacher work
together to understand and explore new contexts through "scaffolding" process, the teacher shows
learners how to use various strategies to solve language and culture tasks. In exploring longer segments,
students are guided through by means of various steps, ranging from identifying main ideas to express
opinions and writing compositions.
M. M. Jiyad
January 1997
Revised in 2008
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Questions about the Text .
*[K+A &
h(&
\ 4N ! B /4 Ka /2 T C 2
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*>@J / +. /! XU2J ! 4 0
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*R A2 @2 4U J m T
Y J %&
True or False? Please rewrite the false statements in their correct forms.
<B $C2 +. &

\( N (' ) /2
B /$ - <B /$C
' ? 8 B G/4H g$4
@
J /4A
I 2J ! 4 N ! /C TC
W
J C
' V ? /"' - \ /'C @ $ T /2
/! A 2 /! / "2 V ? Slow down!
79 B 4X > Patience has limits!
7<=J X
J +. To your health!
7&
, / M Calm down, man!
7 $ / / 4 There we go, Sa'id!
*< @4B )/2 What is the matter with you today?
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7@ b
, <J May Allah have mercy on your parents!
?/2 / 1P\ Come on, guys.
!_ N =
h. +? Let me think for a minute!
7S QM / ' \ :D \ Z Don't forget we are brothers!
7&
, ( <$J b
, +4 That is fine! (formal)
+ V? + ? V? You got a deal.
7+ 2 Q O:/ / VP( You guys embarrassed me!
7@D ? V1 b
, 7D0o M Be quiet! May Allah be content with you!
7J N\ X TDQ\ T A\ / ? Let us drink to friendship!
> e /P <B = ) 2J 04J$ I am tired of this empty talk.
*0
J /4 C
' /4 &
\ U $, =
J 2 %& Will you rush the orders*
H; / 22 W
[ ) TJ /X 9< ( 0 You are generous and have a good taste.
Vocabulary List
]2 0 I spoke with
0 ? I invited
04 C I order, ask for, demand
_J ? I think (not as I believe)
0
> you forgot
&U ? you rush, hurry up
(' ) you remember
WJ Q he creates
12
/ 4 we began
we have lunch
we want, would like, desire
8 they (m) ask
W ) taste
&
I 2 p 0' 2 place, shop, store/s
?/2 group
9?
J 2 appointment
9]NJ reality
9T C p0/4 C order, request, demand/s
S 4 beer
)4 wine
9T ?
J grapes
W leaves
9</$C food
9f2U J chick pea
9 H olives
:
d Q lettuce
9@2 fish
9 X dish
C salad
94 yogurt
^ ( zucchini
^ 4Y Tabbuuli
13
9]G> splendid, magnificent
R
d A2 grilled, toasted
+
dA 2 stuffed
9cHB /C fresh
g4 white
2 red
[ X4B frankly
! Q
J/ sarcastically
/2 ?
J when (conjunction)
@> )( as well, also, too
/!1 also, too, as well
Grammar ! +2
1. Contrary to and her sisters, which take a nominative subject and an accusative
predicate, and her sisters take an accusative subject and a nominative predicate if
that predicate is a noun or a predicate adjective.
This grammatical rule is exemplified in the following sentences:
becomes
! " becomes ! "
Notice the change of the subject marker from nominative to accusative.
2. When and her sisters are followed by personal pronouns, the accusative forms
of these pronouns are suffixed to them. The following chart summarizes these forms for
both singular and plural pronouns.
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$% '(% #)% &#$ % %
*+% * ,% -% .%
'+% ' ,% -% .%
*/ % *0 1% 20
'/ % '0 /% #0
which means “because” is a sister of and thus behaves the same way.
Verb Conjugation 3 - 4 56 78
1. The following verbs are in the present tense and conjugated to the plural pronouns.
*0 '0 ' ,% * ,% '(%
4 6 34 , 54 , 54 , 6 34 , 6 4 ,%
789 2 8" ' 8" ' 8" 6 2 8" 6 7 8" %
4)+ : 34)+ ; 54)+ ; 54)+ ; 6 34)+ ; 6 4)+ ; %
2. The following verbs are in the past tense and conjugated to the singular pronouns.
9" 9" " +: :
<= % .!= % .!= % .!= % <= % 5.= %

> ? > ? > ? > > 5? >
BA@ . A@ . A@ . A@ BA@ 5. A@
3. The following verbs are in the imperative and conjugated to the second person
pronouns.
15
9" 9" & "
C4D 5C4D #>4D 2>4D
BA@ 5BA@ # A@ 2 A@
Drill # 1 3 4 ;6 <
Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences:
Drill # 2 = ;6 < "

Please choose the correct options:
K H5G <8H I@J % F ! 3 B E
Walid is sorry because he is:
a. coming late
b. bothering someone
c. leaving earlier than he had planned
PQ 3 O 28N+ 6M <,L F7! " BA@

The subject pronoun which marks the verb between parentheses is identical with the
personal pronoun in option:
* ,% ? '0 C *0
U2! '5(T 7 89 5 7
R S
The proper response for a statement like this one is:
* 8H Y ? QW X C 54V S
) 8\N -N= <8H [25ZN -N= &

# ,1U .,
Your Arab host family is inviting you for dinner. They ask you for your preferences and
they realize that you:
a. prefer fried fish
16
b. prefer grilled fish
c. really do not like fish at all
Q =N #: KG " &
,1U .,
Of the given options, certainly ...... is the best to fill in the blank.
4! ? ' 8 C ! $
P? 8 " > ^
) ]65 '+5NN 5'L 5 0
Only one of the following options cannot be the reason for you to ask that your order be
rushed.
b T a $H ? H2L a $H C _` -%
c X 0
An Arab would use this expression when she/he is:
a. ignoring somebody
b. fed up with somebody
c. trying to convince somebody
P 50
Which option has the correct voweling to fit in this context?
W 4 d 1 :R4e 6 ? W 4 d 1 :R4e 6 C 7 4 d 1 :R4e 6
ca Z
R 5'L OW 4 EM W 3 9 4 % f
You ordered a table close to the window, but your friend wanted exactly the opposite.
So, you change your request. Which word do you need to use for the one between
parentheses?
W ] 4@ ? W !]> C W
17
Which of the following verbs can you use for imperative case? g
4 6 ? D0= , C .!= %
R S,
cWhX > QW L C4D 5 7
You are thirsty. You order (a glass of ) cold water. Then you change your mind. Which
option would you choose?
W +N@ ? W h C W4!eH
PU2! # 8" 6 5 ')! ( 6 5 0

The best choice to fill in the blank is in:
'5(T ? *9 N 9 C ! %
c- 3 *S4 Y
Arabs would use this expression to say “thank you.” It can also be used to mean:
a. please b. forget it c. only God knows

c E e iA C4Z % %2Hh
You are suggesting a toast to:
a. friendship
b. a happy marriage
c. a successful new career
) :,
3 e>3 2, G /!: W " 8@ j
Certainly you would not have option .... to be another ingredient in your salad.
X !m ? B \ 64> C l
k m
] 4@ 1 ,L m *n ]"L #: $8
The pronoun which is suffixed to the noun in this sentence is:
a. an object pronoun
18
b. a subject pronoun
c. a possessive pronoun
*]"N o4H
You know the owners of the restaurant. Which option do you need to use to complete
your statement?
B NH ? C (5T C '` >G
cW \!Eh 4)+ : #$5Hh

You said this sentence to your Arab friend and she/he was very impressed. However, I
need to know if you meant to say:
a. let me talk for a minute!
b. let me rest for a minute!
c. let me think for a minute!
OW 4\ 6M !)8 I5e% .E2 f

Though you need to rearrange the words in this sentence, one of the following options
can substitute for the word between parentheses.
W \!\S ? n X 4N,@ > C # 2S
cOQW XM pWhX > QW L $ ? 0 g

You are learning the synonym for the word between parentheses and you want to use it
in this sentence. Can you remind me which one do you mean?
_` X ? -> L C -85j : 5'L
A waiter will have a fit if you go to a restaurant and order ....
W!8\L WX !m ? W 2ZL W +N@ C W !Z(L W h
PW q!D 7! " * 4 m 5 0
The object pronoun which is suffixed to the verb corresponds to the personal pronoun
in:
19
* ,% ? *0 C .%
7@
J D ? V1 b
,
A mother was talking to her daughter when she said this sentence. She meant to say:
a. Everything is in God's hand.
b. God willing, you will be fine.
c. May God be content with you.
R S,
4!eH C45D 5 7
You certainly do not like to drink a glass of .......... juice.
7 $H ? 2, G C B \64>
c5* +,(T #:
Is the proper response to:
a. a toast
b. an insult
c. a greeting
Drill # 3 > = ;6 <

a.. Give the correct forms of the words between parentheses.
* +!8H '8\t 5 5h4 s O'0 r M
- v '!:45]6 s3 u)N( '!8 A6 O.% r M
.E2 /80A> 4)+; 6 O#0 r M 5. E
PnQ =L ! $ C4Z O20 r M o4] 6 5 0
^ *]"N #: ' ,8 O' ,% r M \,H s
w $ ; C (5T O* ,% r M .5]N@ L O % r M \!\( #:
b. Give the antonyms of the underlined words then translate these sentences.
xyN C (5T */ % .!= %
20
W W 8!\ z #, !\S . %
PWhX > U ] " #8 A6 '!)( 6 5 0
PWx0 2+ 5 E{
W 29 W ,E3 %4|,%
C. Rearrange the following groups of words to make correct sentences.

U2! W !Z(L !]@ #: '
R } W @2 - v 78 9
Q ~ C4D !]@ 4NS <8H W ! % \ ,H s
W+N@ 7 89 5 L $H W 2ZL < 70 % *]"N 7R S,
-v 3 " 203 • 4 " !]@ 7 R ( s <8H B E
€ E #: .8 0 ' \,] 6 - % *]"N 5 0
*]"N < wX3 W '(T # 0v 1 % 7$] # 89 3
Drill # 4 ? ;6 <
Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:
$0 G ,NL L y pO-]L •
R( M
Your friend was commending the service in a restaurant you both went to. You agreed
and expressed your opinion in two sentences including the one above. Then you
substituted one of the following options for the phrase between brackets and your friend
was really impressed. Which was the correct choice?
-]L I8 ,m ? -]L •; 6 C - :4H s
4 \ ,H s
Someone looked sick. Your friend said that that man was sick. You disagreed. You
wanted to say your sentence in perfect Arabic. You chose the adjective in option ... .
n • 4L ? • 4L C W j 4L
m5 N 5'H O !]>M 3 "
21
You went to a restaurant and were seated at a table close to the entrance. You told the
story to your friends but you made a mistake. So, which adjective did you meant to use?
] 4@ ? 4E C
G ,NL 1!: L5 y 3 3 " 8= *]"N 07

R S
I like this restaurant because:
a. the salad and food are excellent
b. of its location and excellent prices
c. the salad, food and service are excellent
n G ,5NL n w3v 7S T • T 20
The underlying message is:
a. a protest
b. sarcasm
c. a compliment
cn B2\5]L 4!d 0 ! 8 B29 4! 3 ! $ 2>4Z 6

This is unbelievable! You are surprised! Maybe you are angry. The following pronouns
can refer to a subject. What is the correct one for this sentence?
% ? ' ,% C * ,%
U2! '5(T 7 8" % 5 '+N

The implied subject pronoun in this sentence is:
'( % ? % C .%
*]"N 0 lL 8! $8> E
Your Arab host family will be disappointed if you use one of these nouns in a sentence
like this. They might even correct you. Can you figure out which word you should avoid.
B NH ? C (5T C B X
22
_` X U ] " O#$E) TM f
The first word in this sentence implies that you:
a. are certain b. have some doubt c. really do not know
PB \ 64> 4!eH - 5 '!) ( 6 5 0

I am pretty sure you know that you cannot use one of these verbs in a sentence like
this. Which one? By the way, all these verbs are in the subjunctive case.
4jS C4D C [4 ,D
P ] 4@ 1 ,L m n *]"L #: * ,8 5 0
This sentence is talking about a restaurant that has been recommended for its fast
service. Who ate there?
a. we b. you c. they
P ]L ^ *]"L #: - ,8> E #$ % ' 4 , 6 5 0

One of the following personal pronouns can correspond to the subject and object
pronouns implied in this sentence.
.% ? ' ,% C .%
c *]"N 0 #: $,H N 5'H $ A@

You can substitute the underlined word with the one in option:
$ > (5T ? $ ST C $;!V
W / :3 W GX3 W N( 3 W h 5'L . 4 ,D
This was the first time you went grocery shopping, and you are telling us about your
adventure! Could you please finish your sentence!
w2R= ? *]"N C xyN
P4mJ Wq!D 5 X \65 0

One of the following verbs cannot be used in this context?
23
4 ,6 ? 4 +Z 6 C A6
G ,NL *]"N 0 < 5* + 62Hh

Arabic grammar accepts this sentence if you choose option:
18 ? 18 C 18
W *]"N 0 #:
Arabic grammar will only allow you to use the pair of words in:
n ‚ U]" ? W ‚U]" C ‚U]"
c? 8 " > ^
) ] 6 5 '+5N 5 0 p H2L % $H
This sentence implies that:
a. you are in a self-serve cafeteria
b. there is a waiter attending to your order
c. there is a waitress attending to your order
[
ƒ) 2) ZN K <8H #8\N K #, 3G j
) ;6 f
This man is telling his Arab friend that his wife prefers:
a. grilled fish
b. fried chicken
c. chicken to fish
• 4L 7! " _L H2L [ $H g
One of the following options makes sense. Which?
/% ? #$ % C 1%
P X "N bX D #: zh ( 5 0
An accident on the Airport Boulevard has been reported in the news. Your friend has
just come back and she saw it. You are asking her if it was:
24
2ZL ? 4!" m C hX >
 /4H &
I(
You will not embarrass yourself if you avoid using the verb in option:
2 A= ? 2 A@ C BA=
*&
F /_ 4 X? T C B=
J 22 2J %&
This person is asking whether she/he can order:
a. grape juice
b. limon juice
c. orange juice
W 2R 63 We)NS E .8
Your Arab friend suggests that both of you go to Filfilah Restaurant in Cairo to eat
Himmis & Tabbuuli. You liked the idea. You ate there a year ago. How would you say
that in Arabic?
n $@ ? n b2 @ C n U2
n _% L [
R [ $H l!
You certainly can impress your Arab friend by using option ..... as a synonym for the
expression above.
- :4H s ? -]L •; 6 C -]L I8 ,m
25
Reading Exercise )@ 2 ;6 <8
Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to
them. Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance:
0 (' ) / 4
&
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h ., /C
J ?M 8 0
J =
S[ 2 Q
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; ?
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SJ H/ 22 J $ J2 Q
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&
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26
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# $ %
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*<'= 2 O<$ R /A
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+Q ! R /A
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7&
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P @/ 5 A
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. J $J2/ +. " : 5 A
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[ 4B R $4 c Q 5 A
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5
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28
*9 =
J 22 ) %& *slJ 2U ? 0D 4B s 0 N %& R /A
2 2 T
B $ ?
J 9]G> /A ) 5 A
*d / 0 %& 7/! HJ2 l _ ?M O@>)B4 0$J2 /2 D ?
J J_ _ +. R /A
7b
> /4 <J N, 5 A
7+ / +. l $J2 K[ +A T t ) R /A
]B 2 2 ) +. ^& 4D_2 T
B /N- c H 5 A
/= 2 +. B /_ Y 1
J ) \ 5B $ %& R /A
J _ J G> /$ J CB4 T
B /4 2J 5 A
! B ^& _$2 +
d _JCD 2 ) 4 Z R /A
+
d 4N ]2 2 / ' O+_ X / (' ) 5 A
9g J ? R ?
J : O@>) 5B ? / /!$4C R /A
J G> /$ W
J C ? <Y J S! /? c H 5 A
*TB /N t TB /N R /A
K/ 2 ) , P OF&/ &
h ( V ? <$ 5 A
*! G> /? ! P = R /A
KJ /NJ X- g$4 5 A
*9TJ / 2 R 1 _J> $ %& R /A
9H H? 5 1 0 @>) W . J G> /$ 2J 0 /! $4C 5 A
*T ) \T
Y J V 2 R /A
@J _' A
J +. +_ O 2J /' ?/ 5 A
@B /j +. !HJ / (8 R /A
29
KJ /_h V M 5 A
(Sharif and Shaadi arrive at Wasim’s house and meet other people)
/= 2 2J R /A +_ X <= ! oA <
@J2 o> ! oA R /A
*5 A r ? 0. $ r 2 <
/! $J 22 /! N /! $2 / 1N :Z J 2 +. /o /2 ?
J R /A
*W $ S 4 & /?
> @$2 7&J /? / D0o , <
79 2\ ! t 9 2Q < & /?
7b @ 1. O/ 1. 7D0o , 5 A
* 1_ + /2 R /A
!B 9U 2< O! 2Q & /? 5 A
7<; /2M 4B F ]J2/ &
, 2J ; 2Q 4B P & /?
$4 /2 . /4 > T ) 7& /? / ! ./Q rPo 5 A
(Wasim’s sister, Fatin, approaches Shaadi and talks to him)
< 0Q, O J /. / J /.
R /A / O/ . A R /A
J 4 $ /4 < o 02'$ J /.
30
J 4 $ /4B +$2 B /2'o C .J 2J +4\ +2U , /o 2 +. 0 > +
d4 ?/ R /A
@J 2J 4 $ 02'$ )M J /.
J $J2/ +. Qq g$4 0
J 4 +. /"1$4 R /A
7! U 4 $ <'o 0 J /.
@
J PJ DC 2J ) O! oA R /A
: 4 DC @D 4 ? b K/A M J /.
sl 2 r : 4 DCs I < R /A
* Dt-
, LJ ) 0$J2 J /.
*/o 2 +. /o /2 ?
J /" h 5 A /o R /A
*/o 2 r M ]B r2 J /.
7b K/A M OB "'A ) J /"J +. R /A
7]B &
\ 4N ! / / H &
\ /$ J /.
7b > )u4B R /A
(Fatin moves on to talk with other guests. Sharif goes back to talk with Shaadi)
< 0Q O J /. LJ ) 5 A
* 4 CDQ2 7&
> /2 $>G 0D 4B + R /A
0D 4B +
d 4X /" O U H 2 S U + 5 A
7/"_h. b R /A
7&
> 0
J D 4B 4B 0D @_h. b 5 A
7KJ /2 T
B /4 r M @J2. 2J R /A
31
Questions about the text
Answer the following questions.

*BT$' /4 R /A $A )/2
*5
J X +. Y o 5o
*< @>) /o 2 2 ?
*5
J X J /"J +. c H 2
*!S /? +
U 4 $ 
*! 4 CDQ2 /. D0 /o %&J
PI 4D „8H [h D o4]6 „,L
Functional Expression ,-. / 0 ( 1- "
Pkh .% 5 0 Are you serious?

c- \):2 Y May God bless you with good luck!
cY -(j : May God expose you!
cY - |;S May God protect youc
… 4,H [ $H l! I have no objection
c-;" 5'L 0 This is very kind of youc
c X Y 5Im Fear God, man!
cW : y@ „;† Stop this nonsense!
cQ N= C > „ -N : 5'L From your mouth to the gate of heaven!
(May God hear your prayers!)
7b/4 <J N, I swear by God!
7b B )u4B With God permission!
32
cK[ +A T Dt\ ) This is the strangest thingc
c !]@ hn {!L !H Happy Birthday!

C Z xR H peak of youth
aX |,% #: Wx0 2 A@ I should be ready and waiting for you.
]> N!: later
c 2% \ R V 0 This is against law!
5 >s It is necessary that ……. (verb)
Vocabulary List
4 † to grow up, get bigger
K4y 6 to graduate
‡j : to expose, uncover, scandalize

e6 to contact
.N E I got up, stood up
#\ ,8 % we meet
#ˆ( he speaks, talks
*R , to be completed, finished
U) E I introduce
4]D I feel, sense
2(N5@ You (pm) allow ...!
cD0o , You be quiet, shut up!
54 † 6 You remember!
8;S party
w4H Arak (local 90% alcohol drink)
45Nm alcohol
*k H paternal uncle
33
#
k T boy
8` H family
UL Imam, religious leader
_L mosque
2% E law
_N ,5^L society
"> X tie, bond
l\ 9 weather, climate
2k weather, climate
* H world
X zJ ruins, historical sites
@ $0 engineering
… 4,H objection
#k8 E tribal
_` D common, popular
B2 \L acceptable
hk serious
RV contrary to, against
') ,L pious, religious

3) x ,L married
>2"5yL engaged
]` X gorgeous, magnificent, splendid
B2\5]L reasonable
_,5NL enjoyable
34
Grammar ! +2
1. Comparative and superlative forms of Arabic adjectives are the same except that the
comparative form is placed between the two nouns you are comparing, and is always
followed by the preposition 5'L
\ Z 5'L 4 † .! The house is bigger than the apartment.
The superlative form precedes the noun it describes.

$ N #: .
n !> 4 † 0 This is the biggest house in town.
You must have noticed that the adjective 4 5† is used in both sentences.
2. You can make comparative and superlative forms by dropping the long medial vowel
and prefixing " to the adjective.
4! † becomes 4†
4!~T becomes 4 ~T
If the second and third radical consonants are identical, you need to use Shadda (the
double letter diacritic) as in:
becomes R
becomes R
If the medial long vowel is , this Alif moves to the end and takes the shape of Alif
Maqsura ‰ as in:
nB H becomes „8H
B
n d becomes „8d
By the way, nB H means “high” and nB d means “expensive.”

Comparative and superlative forms of Arabic adjectives do not distinguish number or
gender. In other words, they are gender and number blind!
35
Verb Conjugation 3 - 4 56 7B8
1. The following verbs are in the past tense and conjugated to the singular pronouns:
" 9" 9" +: :
4 † ?54 † ?54 † ?54 † 4 † 5?4 †
K4y 6 .5 4y 6 .5 4y 6 .5 4y 6 K4y 6 5. 4y 6
‡j : .5(j : .5(j : .5(j : ‡j : 5.(j :
U E .5L E .5L E .5L E U E 5.L E
2. The following verbs are in the present tense and conjugated to the plural pronouns:
;CB &B " ;B " &: ;:
„\ , #\ ,8 % 2\ ,8 6 '!\ ,8 6 2\ ,8 '!\ ,8
„ ˆS # ˆ5( % 2ˆ5( 6 '!ˆ55( 6 2ˆ5( '!ˆ5(
4]D 4]5Z % 34]5Z 6 54]5Z 6 34]5Z 54]5Z
e6 e,% 28e , 6 '5 8e , 6 28e , '5 8e ,
3. The following verbs are in the imperative form and conjugated to the second person
pronouns:
9" 9" ;B " &B "

. ˆ@ 5. ˆ5@ #, ˆ5@ '5 , ˆ5@ 2, ˆ5@
B]6 B]6 # ]6 '! ] 6 2 ]6
Drill #1 3 4 ;6 < "
36
Drill #2 = ;6 < "
c_` X 5 † #$5 E) T
The sentence implies that you want to ........ a friend.
a. visit
b. invite
c. convince
#
) >4] * ] #: N /L O !8` ] ">4 M
The emphasis in this sentence is put on:
a. the family ties
b. the Arab World
c. the Arab family
c*^ % #\ T 5 # 2(N5@
You want to introduce your friend, Najm to the rest of your friends. Which verb is correct
in this context?
U) E ? #\ ,8 % C 4† 6
B2\5]L [ X 0
You were pleased with the idea your friend had come up with but you need to replace
the adjective with one of the following. Which?
#
k \"$L ? 4!"m C 74d
n H @ 5 E U2 $ 5'L .5N E
The sentence says that:
a. I slept for an hour.
b. I will sleep within an hour.
c. I got up from sleep an hour ago.
1 % 4Ny C4Z s 02m

37
You are talking about a Muslim family with which you spent a weekend. You wanted to
say something about your friend’s brother. Please, choose the proper adjective.
') ,L ? G ,NL C I!y@
8;( .E3 o45]$ $\ e> $8e 6

We contacted our friend to find out:
a. the time of the party
b. if there was a party after all
c. who was coming to the party
B \64 4!eH 2>4Z 6 * ,$ †

The implied subject in this sentence corresponds to the personal pronoun in option .... .
* ,% ? ' ,% C *0
U2! hX > Ol\ " M f

The synonym of the word which is between parentheses is in:
2R ^ ? … 4,5HŠ C 2% \
1)NH .$> N(L $ \ T K3x 6 g

This sentence says that our friend, Mohammed, has married:
a. my cousin
b. his cousin
c. our cousin
7] , > 4]D . G L
A friend says a sentence like this to you. Therefore, she/he needs to:
a. eat b. rest c. drink
w 4] #: n $ L h ~>
38
You want to say that Baghdad is the biggest city in Iraq. Which option you need to
choose?
4† ? 4† C 4! †
W 5.% † 5 0
Arabic grammar rules do accept only option:

n ],NL 8;5( ? ],5NL 8;( C W ],5NL 8;5(
h{!N !H
The Arabic grammar rules allow the pair of words in option ... to be used in this context.
n !8` H ‚ 8;S ? W !8` H ‚ 8;S C !8` H ‚ 8;S
2% \ R V NH @ !)= 5'H U{ˆ

You would use this sentence to
a. warn someone
b. thank someone
c. encourage someone
cW : y@ „; † F 4!m */ .8 E
You can tell that when I said this sentence to my Arab friends I was:
a. sad b. upset c. happy
P4 mJ Wq!D O#ˆ( 6M 5 7
R (65 0
You want to use the synonym of the verb that is between parentheses. Which one
would you choose?
B2\ 6 ? †A6 C 7 85 " 6
P ]L ^ *]5 "L #: - ,8> E #$ % ' 4 † , 6 5 0
39
The pronouns which are used as a subject and an object for the verbs of this complex
sentence correspond to the pair in:
% ‚.% ? .% ‚.% C .% ‚ %
c-;" „8H W4ˆD f

This sentence means:
a. Thank you for your help
b. Thank you for your kindness.
c. Thank you for all the information
$0 G ,NL L5 y pO-]L •
R( M g
The phrase between parentheses means:
a. You are right.
b. Nobody is right.
c. I know I am right
#
) L{@Š #
) >4] _N,^N #: B2 \L
You want to state a fact that can only be found in Arab and Islamic societies. Option ...
should be your choice.
CX E K 3G ? QE T K 3G C C Z K 3G
8` ] • 4 9 5'H *R , K 3x \,H
We are talking about:
a. arranged marriage
b. marriage among relatives
c. marriage among teenagers
2) ^ 7 = > B ]R=
You want to say that coughing (as a result of cold) is common because of the weather.
Which of the following adjectives is suitable in this context?
40
_` D ? B2 \L C _` X
-,5m 5'L 4 † #,5m

a. your sister is older than mine
b. my sister is older than yours

c. the two are the same age
.E2 † Xk S 8 0 #: O2R ^ M
You need to use the synonym of the word that is between parentheses. Which one
would you choose?
40 | ? l\ " C U2!
Drill # 3 > = ;6 < "

a. Vowel the underlined words:
_L ^ 5'L 7 4E #\ T .!> B E
/)NH '>s >2"yL 4! ˆ 1 ,m 5.% †
8` ] • 49 5'H *R , #
) >4] * ] #: K 3x
hX > 2^ 4]D . G L
c : y@ „;† p i $8 U LŠ B E
b. Provide the correct forms for the group of words between parentheses:
a RZ 5'L 4E O#0 r M 3 " ‹ 0 %4,5m
Wj 40 \ 3X3x 2% † O*0 r M #` E 5T .8> E
•
Œ S „8H O'0 r M \,H s O % r M p_E 2 #:
n H @ B{m ? 8 " 4j( $@ O'(% r M F1 2 E
c. Give the antonyms of the underlined words, then translate the sentences:
41
bX Z 0 #: .
n !> 4~5T $ ,!>
c#, 3G h{!L !H .!=%
v ,@ 4|,$% '(%3 .E2 † $5 , ˆ@
^ #S 4,E 28 E
d. Give the synonyms of the underlined words, then translate the sentences:
.! #: l! ‹ 3 2 BE
PI!e B{m h ~> #: 2R ^ 2ˆ I!†
l X > #: #,8` H > E 5 7^
1 ,(T 5. $=( 6 „,S „;Z,=N #: #m #\>
e. Rearrange the following groups of words to make good sentences:
* 8 ˆ, ') ,N _L ^ 4 _L U L ?5 0 D
>s 40 \ -,8` H 5 _L X3x 6
.E2 † W N \ W],NL X z€ #: X G
U $L 1)NH .$> C Z >2"yL #\ e
Drill # 4 ? ;6 < "

h2]= #: l! F#
R , 2ˆ $ S T B E
Our Kuwaiti friend was talking about tourism in Saudi Arabia. Which option is
acceptable to the Arabic grammar rules?
n S !@ ? W S !@ C S !@
cW : y@ „;†
You would use this expression when someone is saying or doing something wrong.
Which of the following imperative verbs can send the same message.
[4 † 6 ? # 0v C #, ˆ5@,
42
_N,5^L #
R >4] _N,5^N
Only one of the following adjectives can be used to describe the Arab society. Which?
#
k S !@ ? #
k8 E C #
k 8` H
w4H p ! % p 4!>
These words can be related to the concept in option:
@ $0 ? _N,5^L C 45Nm
h 5~> 5'L w 4] #: 45e $ L

You wanted to say that Basrah is older than Baghdad (both cities in Iraq). Option ...... is
the correct alternative.
UE ? L) \L C N E
ˆ 4L #: 2% \ CX E K 3G
Only one word can be used to fill in the blank. Which?
_,5NL ? RV C #
k 8E
K 3x \,5H
The Arabic grammar rules only allow the pair of words in option ... to be used to fill in
the blanks.
W T m • 8;S ? nT m • 8;S C Tm• 8;S
P 4! ˆ _L ^ .8> E 5 0
Which of the following words can be used to make the question correct?
UL ? UL C UL
#
) >4] * ] #: !8` ] ">4 f
Which of the following adjectives can be used to fill in the blank?
43
N/L ? 4E C 2\5]L
/o M 5B ? Z /!4 t /! G A +Q &
\ /N g
My brother has said something strange, I do not know if he was .... .
!/ 0 /! $>G/A T !HJ /
cQ N= C > „ -N : 5'L
You would use this expression if you were:
a. mad at someone’s comment
b. happy with someone’s comment
c. indifferent at someone’s comment
cC Z x) H #: .%
You have just visited your physician and he told you something you wanted to share
with your friend. The physician meant to say that:
a. you have a winter cold

b. you have high temperature
c. you are at the peak of youth
€ E $8> \6 $ % 4 † 6 s
a. I remember we met ....
b. I remember we didn’t meet ...
c. I don’t remember that we met ...
?
n 2$@ $L ]L ^ ,+L #: ; }2L
Which of the following pronouns cannot be used in this context?
#0 ? .% C %
44
/)NH '5>s W >2"5yL 4! ˆ 1 ,m 5.% †
The possessive pronouns expressed in this sentence are in option ... .
#0 ‚ #0 ? 20 ‚ #0 C #0 ‚20
l X > #: #m 3 / , 8` H > E 5 7^
The subject corresponds to option
% ? #0 C 20
[ $H l! 1 % #
) 954Z
R 8 .8 E
You mean to tell the policeman that you have no objection that he checks your college
I.D. Option .... would be proper for use in this situation.
">X ? … 4,H C 2% E
n $@ $L 5.ƒ 4y 63 @ $/ / ,\ T 5.@Xh
This sentence implies that her friend:
a. has graduated
b. did not finish her school
c. will finish her studies in a year
Ž e #: l5L U2 /, 8` ] > 5. 8e 6 f
The sentence implies that I have ........ my friends’ family yesterday morning.
a. met
b. contacted
c. been introduced to
O#
k TM / 3 3) x,L #)NH .$ > g
The word between parentheses can be replaced by the word in option .... .
K3G ? .$> C 3
n $= > [ 5]> ]L ^ 5'L #,\ T 5. 4y 6

45
Your friend was telling you about his girlfriend. He meant to say that:
a. he graduated after her
b. she graduated after him
c. they both graduated at the same time
5
J X &
'od/ :D_C
'
You want to impress your Arab friends by using the synonym of the word between
parentheses. Therefore, you would select option ... .
40 | ? C Z C 2R ^
- X „8H … 4,5H % $H l! FU L• i $ B E
The sentence implies that the people :
a. accepted his opinion
b. disagreed with the Imam
c. wanted some time to think
#\ T */ U) E 5 # L
You were complaining about a bunch of noisy guys. Which of the following verbs can
be used to fill in the blank?
2(N@ ? 28e 6 C 34 † 6
Uh \ b2 @ #: %5XG B ] 6 FI! j8 3x 5. E
What the wife meant to say was that:
a. they can visit you
b. you cannot visit them
c. you have a rather open invitation
46
9]2J / @>) 9]G> /A 9 /N 9g J ?M

o' ) +_ c Q &
\ X' M `1.
^& _$2 9v J NM +
d 4N 9]2 2 [ 2 ?
J ^ G> /?^ P
/"U2? 0 4B 2 _ /q T
B B /N- c H T
B /4'A HY ?
J
@>) W . 9 U 2 ^&
7! ./Q rPo
7@J2 o r ? ! DoA
T
B $' /4 $DA 0 HB /2
&
> 0
J 4B > c HB4 b @\n_'.
/"U2? B 4Z 4 CQ2 lJ J Q 4Do
J G> /$ > W C ?
\ S! /? c H <Y J
/"J J DN r ? 9g J ? R ?
J :
JP $4 / _J X 0
J 4 +. +_
7KJ /2 T
B /4 r M @J2. 2J </2k &
\ /N
T
B $ ?
J !B 2/ , G/$ , CB4
47
Unit # 3 #D% &'( ) *+ "
# "
) $ " # #
* # "
*&
> o ]2 <\'o B oJ 22 2J %& + /o
7+ M O+ 1P &
, o / O<$ & o
B / w> 0
[ ' 2 ? SJ +. <o ?M 0 N O! oA + /o
* 4U )/2 W
J _'A 0
J 4 2J 9 ? / ?
J O<$ & o
! X /! 4 ! _' A &
,1U . + /o
*J 2 cB /Q J 2 +. & o
J $J2/ 2J /! 4 N /! /o2 &
,1U ., + /o
R
U Ho 2 W
J Y 2J 4 N _' A R D ?
J &o
*J $J2/ ? $4 <o + /o
48
f/4 /4 [ ?/ ]B 4 + &o
*/" . )/2 OTU C + /o
9</2 9 4o x4DC2 / . t /" . & o
*JS /2J$ 2J F W4/C R
U +. + /o
]B 4 > W4/C
' +. & o
*J / 4B +. 9 $XJ2 %& + /o
9T 4 o O9 $XJ2 /" . : OJ5 y> & o
*J / 4 J J > *9T 4 + /o
J _' KJ / A- &
> 2 +. S! /? ?
J/ O<$ & o
*!/1 /" . )/2 O@J1. 2J + 4B DQ + /o
3
B /'A r ? 'C
J 2 . A /" . & o
*9 Q
J/ 9 B /4 9K/2 /" . %& + /o
H; /t z/4C ' /" . O!/$4C & o
*!/1 @ D ?
J )/2 + /o
[ G\ J / [ _C 2J +. 9 X 0 4 R D ?
J &o
*Jl . ! . t <o + /o
9</2 9 X x4C2 B / . t lJ . & o
*0 4 ) + /o
f/4 /4 [ ?/ 5
J XJ 2J o &o
*W
J Y 2J 9T N %& + /o
/2 @/ ; XW
[ 2J 9T N O<$ & o
49
*!/1 \ )/2 + /o
[ 4 S G> [N J &
I 2 3 /'A > :P +. f/4 Y 2 %& + /o
; / 23
; /A +. f/4 5JN 2 OJ _ _ +. & o
*f/4 5
J NJ 2 r M 0
J 4 2J ./ 2 <o + /o
W>G/N B A? 2J o D0 o 5 ? Z O[ X4B & o
*!/ A2 W>G/N A? + /o
@>) 2J &
'N o oJ 2 O[ ? 4B 0
J A2 )M & o
*&
> 2$ /4 f/4 4 [ ?/ J U +. + /o
Ka / 2 SJ A
J /$ J ?/ r' /! /4X J / J ?/ 2J & o
*3
B 4 -
, ) 5B ? / + /o
S X _ 9c/ 0
J 4 > OF&/ J r ? & o
R
d 1 P' 5 $ * P lJ . %& + /o
P r? +X oJ 2 oJ O! oh 8 2 0 &o
oJ A2 P r? &
\ X M _ +G 2H + /o
0
J N g$4 c/ /24 9` X ) &o
*93 4 , *J0N 2J <o + /o
50
&
h N- r ?;F "A OZ & o
7; "A 7+" M / + /o
@
J > o Z5 @
J ' _J ? <$ & o
/! 1 4>/C + +$2 + 2H o 9` X + /o
@
J >+ o 5 * oJ A2 + /2 & o
/o 2 c /Q /" . { ? S[ 2 &
, LJ )J o O ) 5B ? + /o
! )J \ o 4 Z / D k 7@
J $2 W
I &o
7+h 2J o PG/Q + 2H + /o
9U ) oJ OJ5 Q > +? Z l' _J ? & o
*B "'A +. 0
J 4 / M <o + /o
B 28 > | Q, Z gg ]2 Z gg / k & o
* /2"Y *@ /2 + /o
@
J /Q 5B ? Z b
> &o
0
J 4 B / GJ +. S U 2 / O _ _ + /o
[ _' A +. / o /2o &
> 1.- 2J /24 &o
0
[ 4 +. o T
Y J , +h ]2 O9` X @ _J ? + /o
! o B /2/ &
> /4 J B 2-/4 $IA &o
0
[ 4 +. o T
Y J, W
J _A
I +. B o 2J 04J$ + /o
@
J J 4J /X> @
J 9]B ) &o
! R 2? /o /2 ?
J + 0 4 0Do + /o
7S! X0
J o 7! &o
51
[ _' A r M [ _' A 2J &
, _J D / q U > 0
J N @>) ) 2 + /o
*J@ 4J /X &
,1U P )/2 & o
[ _' A +. o &
,1U P + /o
)M & o
7 _' A
' B8 &
> 1D.- 2J l' _J ? + /o
9` X @
J _J ? & o
0 4 .' /2> ?
J + /o
J 2 HB o 2 2J 9T N & o
*+ $J %& &
>/ +. + 4B DQ + /o
*J _' A
' S / H U 4J r 2 7 1
J / &o
+ 2H ]2 B "Ij $4 ]B 8 + /o
* 4J / 2 /' ?/ &o
7b B /2 +. ! B 4J / 2 + /o
7J 2 ]2 & o
*+ /o &
,1U P )/2
*J _' A
' +. /o )/2
*J / 4 +. 9 $XJ2 %&
* . A J _' A
' > %&
52
*J _' A
' +. / J > + /o o %&
*0 4 < _' A
' OB X W
J Y r M T N /2"Y
*f/4 5
J NJ 2 r M 0
J 4 2J , ./ 2 <o
*&
> 2$ /4 f/4 4 r2
*/o 2 +. oJ A2 P r? &
, X %& f
*/"J 0 4 D0o /2 D ?
J + /o 2? /o <o g
Functional Expression ,-. / 0 ( 1-

9` X @
J\ _J ? I believe your opinion is correct.
W
J _IA +. > o 2J 04J$ I am tired of living in apartments.
5B ? Z b
> By Allah, I do not know.
@
J\ /Q The choice is yours.
7@
J\ $2 W
I You are right!
0
J N @>) , ) 2 since then
q U > until now
&
>/ +. + 4B DQ You will tell me at once.
*+ $J %& You promise me ?
@
J\ 9]B ) This is up to you.
7! )J \ o 4Z / k One has to be careful!
S U 2 / O\ _ _ If you want the truth, I am hesitant.
75 ? Z O[ X4 Frankly, I do not know!
@>) 2J &
'N oJ 2 Probably it is less than that.
53
&
> 1.- 2J /24 Probably it is better ……..
5
J Q > +? Z l' _J ? I believe there is no need to fear.
B 2-/4 $IA feeling secure
&/4 peace of mind
Vocabulary List
he/it begins
N,] he/it depends on
4R N he/it passes by
H= he/it helps, assists
#ZN 6 you (m)/she walks
]6 you (m)/she promises
4 y6 you (m)/she tells, informs
e5( 6 you (m)/she gets, obtains
eE I mean
\ ,% I transfer, move
?4E I read
.†4 6 I left
.5 ] 6 I got tired
{H advertisement
7S T owner, friend, fellow
!LG fellow, classmate, friend
C 2> doorman
Gd gas
• 9 cook, oven
{
ƒz refrigerator
\D apartment
54
.!> house
5NS carrying
X^ rent
@ 4S guarding
K !@ fence
:54D balcony
IE2L stop
‘> bus
8ˆZL problem
o2m fear
x†54L center
\"$L area
\ S garden, yard
[k X34V necessary
h)h4 ,L hesitant
R E less than
’h 0 quiet
Uk 0 important
!) good
I` m frightened, scared
Wh H usually
KX m outside
mh inside
Grammar
1. Relative pronouns usually introduce adjectival clauses and follow the antecedent they
describe. In Arabic, the use of these relative pronouns is determined by the gender and
number of the antecedent.
a. [ is used for singular masculine nouns.
W W ;!" † #$ 8> E [ !†2
55
The agent who met me was very nice.
b. #, is used for singular feminine nouns.
.! 0 5?4 A,@ #, 4N %5 H @
We helped the woman who rented this house.
c. ' is used for plural masculine nouns.
$ 5'L *]"N #: $]L 28† ' Q E 5T

The friends who ate with us in the restaurant are from Lebanon.
d. #6 28 is used for plural feminine nouns.
$ N „;Z ,=L #: '8N5] #6 28 ? ! " %2Hh

We invited the doctors (f) who work at the town hospital.
2. Inanimate plural is always treated as a feminine singular.

4!t † 4^ #: 0 % 4 E #, ? %{5HŠ
The ads we read in the newspaper (were) many.
3. If the antecedent is indefinite, you do not need to use a relative pronoun.

nH @ E -$H BA@ {
W X .8> E
I met a man who asked about you an hour ago.
You must have noticed that saying the same sentence in English would require the use
of the relative pronoun.
The following verbs are in the past tense conjugated to plural pronouns:
;: &: ;B " &B " ;C
4E 34E '64E *64E %4E 4E

'!ZL 2ZL ' ,!ZL * ,!ZL $!ZL „ZL
'5 ] 6 2]6 ' ,5 ] 6 * ,5 ] 6 $5 ] 6 7] 6
56
'5 †4 6 2†4 6 ' ,5 †4 6 * ,5 †4 6 $5 †4 6 a4 6
'5 8 \ ,5 % 28 \ ,5 % ' ,5 8 \ ,5 % * ,5 8 \ ,5 % $ 5 8 \ ,5 % \ ,5 %
b. The following verbs are in the present tense conjugated to singular pronouns:
: +: 9" 9" "
H=6 H= ' H=6 H=6 H@ H@

4R N 6 4R N ' 4) N 6 4R N 6 4R L 4L
N ,5] 6 N ,5] ' N ,5] 6 N ,5] 6 N ,5H N ,H
e5 \ 6 e5 \ ' e5 \ 6 e5 \ 6 e5 E eE
c. The following verbs are in the imperative form conjugated to second person singular
and plural.
;B " &B " 9" 9"
'8j ; 6 28j ; 6 #8j ; 6 5 j;6 j;6

4E 3 4E [ 4E 5 4E 4E
Drill # 1 3 4 ;6 <EB "

Drill # 2 = ;6 <EB "

.! 0 #: ' ˆ= 5'L ;` m O#,8!LGM
The synonym for the word that is between parentheses is in option:
#,m ? #, 3G C #, S T
57
_N ,^L #
R >4] _N ,^N
Which of the following options does not make a good sentence?
#
k S !@ ? #
k8 E C #
k 8` H
4! † .! 'L > 4]Z 6 s / % 4N 5. E

Therefore, she must be:
4!" m ? Tm C ;` m
•` Eh 4ZH † ‘ 4R N
The bus runs every:
a. ten minutes
b. five minutes
c. fifteen minutes
\ "$N ‹ 0 #: W ,!> ? 3 L
Which of the following options can be used to make a good sentence?
#6 !S † ? C Z x) H C € )(
n $@ E 5. 4y 63 @ $/ / , \ T 5.@Xh
Therefore, this friend is more likely to be:
a. a lawyer
b. a physician
c. an engineer
c- X !y
I am sure you can impress your friends by choosing the option which means the same.
Which?
- _ X 0 ? -!8H iA> s C -;" 5'L 0
58
X ^ “ O• \D3 ?2!>M % $H
One of the following words can substitute for the phrase between parentheses. Which?
8ˆZL ? Q !D C ?{(L
.! 0 [4 ,Z ,@ / % O )†A,LM #0 f
Which is the antonym of the word that is between parentheses?
h)h4 ,L ? 8ˆZL C X34V
4^ #: * ˆ %{H ? 4 E g
The sentence says that this person has seen the ad:
a. on the TV
b. in the magazine
c. in the newspaper
8!\ t Q !D 5NS #: H=
The word in option ..... makes the sentence good.
C2 ? X^Š C !†2
n *ShxL n bX D „8H 8"L

One of the following words cannot be used in this sentence.
\ ( ? :4RZ C {t
.! X ^q,@ #: O h)h4 ,LM .$ 5.% †

Therefore, this person must be:
W )†A,L 5.=! ? W 2 \L 5.=! C W !\"$L 5.=!
W 4! † .! 8 '4† ,65 0
59
Which of the following options cannot be used to fill in the blank?
W !@ ? W :54D C W \ S
U N( 5'L 7 4 E3 4! † \Z ” "L
The sentence says that the kitchen is:
a. close to the porch
b. near the bathroom
c. next to the bedroom.
n \"$L #: 1 ,8` H ' ˆ= 6

One of the following adjectives cannot fit in this context. Which?
n 8!\ z ? n `h 0 C n $LJ
W 4!~T .$ † L $H O#80 M .!> .†4 6

This woman said that she left her parent’s house when she was young. Which of the
following option cannot replace the word between parentheses?
#, 8` H ? #6 C #645@
bX Z /% #: ‘
Which of the following options makes a good sentence?
h)h4 ,L ? IE2L C 8!LG
W [
k X34V O 'L > X2]RZ M f
Which of the following phrases can substitute for the phrase between parentheses?
) E „8H ? B SX C .E2 - v
[ 8> #: :345]L 40 } ‹ 0 g
This sentence is talking about:
7 4 d Q#D ? U285]L Q#D C Q#D
60
40 \ #: X ^ Š pnU H n 5ˆZ >
The adjective in option .... makes a good sentence.
U285]L ? 7@ $L C [
k X34V
c&
> 0
J D 4B 4B b
, @_'. </2k &
\ /N
The word which is between parentheses is related to the one in option:
b2N5^N ? _L ^ C ]L ^
c- X „8H … 4,H % $H l! F U L• i $ B E
The people seem to say to the Imam:
-]L •; , % ? .E2 •]> K ,5( % C o45] % s
c- _ X 0
When you hear your Arab friend says this sentence to you, you get the impression that:
a. he has the choice
b. you have the choice
c. nobody really has any choice
=L y H = #: ‘
Only one of the following verbs really makes sense in this context. Which?
H= ? 5 C N,]
Drill # 3 > B= ;6 E
#,!> „ */ :4]6 #` E T † ?2Hh
1!: ' ˆ@ .$ † n bX D #: ‘ 4R N
'N! 5'L 0 4\% ` 4^
@ X) U $L - :4] W { X .8> E
b. Give the synonym of the underlined words.
W ! d † X ^ Š o45H
X N] ‹ 0 5'L • t •> " #: #8!LG ' ˆ=
45L 0 „8H */]L •; 6
c. Give the antonym of the underlined words.
$ N KX m #, 3G 8` H .!>
' ˆ5= 6 #,m 5.% † ' .!= %
€ ) ( 1,8` H „8H N,] #\ T
b2 5@ /% #: NH „ %54: @
d. Put the following groups of words in the correct order to make meaningful sentences.
* \ #: /,!> / % 5'L 5.8 \,% \ ,H Q ]$T
' 45( / 3G 50 #: n `h 0 NT H #: .!> n \"$L
nH@ „ w $; 5'L : =N I5e% X != > X "N
W X2]RZ [
k X34V #: '5L > # X
1!: [ E{( / , \D #: N5] 6 ) (L 5'L 4E
!H2 @ #: ^ 5'H ? 4 E {H 4^ *]"N
Drill # 4 ? ;6 <B "

c $; 8 ,5m L F.$ 5. \: p $LJ 40 \ F !†2 B E
You understand from this sentence that:
62
a. they disagreed on everything
b. the woman agreed with the agent
c. the agent agreed with the woman
/ :45] % 8ˆZN 5'H v ,@ *8 ˆ,

The relative pronoun that can fit in this sentence is option ...
' ? #, C [
.E2 •]> '` >x K ,( O N>XM

The word which is between parentheses can be replaced by the word/phrase in option
... without changing the meaning of the sentences.
U28]L ? !†A , > C 5 'ˆ5NN 5'L
4! † 2;86 „8H B2e( \ ,]

Arabic grammar allows the use of the word in option ...... .
n 8ˆZL ? W 8ˆZL C 8ˆZL
P* ˆ,!> 5'L 4 E / , \D 5 0
The possessive pronouns implied in this sentence are:
*0 ‚ * ,% ? * ,% ‚ #0 C *0 ‚ #0
bX Z 0 #: 1 654 A,@ .!
The correct relative pronoun which is needed in this sentence is the one in option ..... .
' ? [ C #,
$ N x†54L 5'L 7 4 E O.!>M 4 :2 ,

The word in option ..... can substitute for the one that is between parentheses with a
little change.
8ˆZL ? 40 } C \D
63
5'L 7 4 E3 4! † \Z ” "L
The word in option ..... cannot fit within this context.
.! ? C C U N(
n \"$L #: 1 % #,8` H .!> 7

R S f
One of the following adjectives cannot be used in this context. Which?
n `h 0 ? n ]` X C n NSh5xL
P-, 8` H \D O $ M 5'L n • > 9 [

) #: g
The synonym for the word between parentheses is the one in option ...... .
4` ? ?{(N C X N]
E{( ?{(L3 5'L h H bX Z 0 #:

The word/phrase that can be used to fill in the blank is the one in option ...
*H "N ? xyN C 4 4` h
$ N KX m l! 5'ˆ 3 W,!> 1 , 3G j
) ;6
It is logical to say that this woman prefers to live ...
a. in the suburbs
b. in an apartment
c. in the downtown area
JN J &
h 2 </2 PJN J C A
I S /
a $0 N>X
x †54L ? ,:s C 8ˆZL
4 4` h 5'L 4E #6 !S † /!: ' ˆ@ #, $

64
#: ' ˆ@ #)%–: -
nw $ : ? n \D C .
n !>
954Z
R x †54L 5'L 7 4 \ *]"N #: / 3G N5]
One of the following statements is false. Which?
a. she works in a restaurant
b. her husband works in a restaurant
c. the restaurant and the police station are close to each other
1!: $ 65XG #850 .!> .5 †4 6

Arabic grammar rules would only allow the use of the relative pronoun in option .... .
#, ? ' C [
Wj 4! †3 !N .! \ ,5] 6
The subject which is implied in this sentence cannot be the pronoun in option ...... .
#0 ? .% C 20
„ K ,5( 6 - W \> 9 34ZH ^ X N] #:
n :54D ? n ]5eL C C
n 2>
4! † .! '5L > 4]5Z 6 s / % 4N 5. E f

2ˆ 6 5 > s
! P>G/Q 0 ! X/Q T S! CQ
.$ † #$ % .! X ^q,@ „8H #, 3G #$5 ,]^D g

Wh)h4 ,L ? W )†A,L C W;!"
65
\Z ‹ 0 4 A,= 6 L $H #%4 5y ,@
The object which is implied in this sentence is option ......
#0 ? % C .%
OB2\5]LM 40 \ #: X ^ Š pŒU H n ˆZ >

The word that can substitute for the one that is between parentheses is in option .....
U285]L ? 7@ $L C [
k X34V
X2@ #: t S 40 } # ~ X ^ Š
The sentence says that .....
a. expensive rent is a problem
b. high rent is a new phenomenon
c. low rent effects real estate value
-,!> 5'L W 4 E W W ,!> [4 ,Z $@

The subject pronoun which is implied in this sentence corresponds to the personal
pronoun in option .... .
'(% ? 20 C .%
W !) o45H n 9X m „ K ,5S
Which of the following options makes a good sentence?
\ "$N — 4!= C G~ • 9
66
_ 9c/ J 9/ M S 9 ?M
D04J$ D0 _ M SU 2 ' 'C
J2
&
h N- r ? H; /t z/4C &/4 @
> 9]B
G\ J / _CD 2J [ ?/ 5XJ WG> /N A?
0
J N @>) +. B 2-/4 $IA _' K/ A-
J _' A
' r? 04 &
,1U .,
9U ) M&
, o &
, _
5
J QD > +? Z + G> /? D0 /N
> v/4X SJ +. ?k 0 N
/"J 4 2J ! B 9T N f/4 5JN 2
! 4o ! /! 4 + G> /? D0 8 M
J _' KJ / A- &
> 2 +. T 4 ?
J/
*J . +. /"$2 /" 2H o %&
*J _' A
h LJ )J B / GJ +. S U 2 0
J D )/2>
+
U G 3
B /'A r ? 'C
J 2 $J . A0
J 4>
67
Unit # 4 #F% &'( ) *+ "
+ ( # $ # "
, $ $ "
7 >/Q / @J 4 ? + D U + /
*+. $ 4U J )/2 >/Q
l ? K[ +A &
' o + 4B DQ + /
2 'J + lJ J /'o ? O9 X 9 4 Y - >/Q
*U - +. B 2 "DA + /2 + /
68
4B M @ o C /2?, 2JX/$ >/Q
3
; 4 , ) 2 /" M D0 X DC_. /2? ?# N /! G A 5 ? + /
*J@nD 4 ? %& >/Q
SJ J /_ /o [ 2J J H2 t Pj S X+ !B + /
*S J /_ . $ 0
J D >/Q
! 2J /o ! @/ 0DA?
J /! $4C + /
*@/ 0
J 2J ? )/2 >/Q
J o - J $J2/ J o 2- J $J2/ +. : 0D o + /
* 4 $ 0
J 2'$ @/ >/Q
@ D0 /2 J o +. 4 $ <'$ 0 4 J _ _ +. + /
*@ D0 /2 o >/Q
D0J }/ /2 J Z +. + /
*d+4 ? @
J )/ , /o >/Q
+
EN ?
J )[ / ]2 0 O<$ + /
*JS J /_ r M 0
J 4 )< >/Q
SJ J /_ +. J U > [ /2H r ? 0 X @>) $4 + /
7 N /2? OJS J /_ > J 4 h /4 >/Q
! B S 4o 2J H2 S J /_ + /
4_$ 2 - 4 r ? 9K/ 2J U y> J 4 / 2 /4 9` X ) >/Q
XJ2 +. J o - KJ / 2 2J X l' _J ? + /
C
JU 2 g
B 4- 4 r? o - u. . $ /2o /! $4C >/Q
69
*9 4o 9 " U - +. %& + /
[ l U - " /! $4C lJ . >/Q
*R ) < /2 + /
/Q
R ) +. J ? HU <j$2 4Z + /
J 4B &
> /2A J 2JX/$ &
\ W
JC
J / 2 +. ! N >/Q
*BT +. ? HB @/ %& + /
4 /" o% J\ X _C 2J T >/Q
*J ? HU +. * 4 &
, 2$ )/2 + /
&
F /2B H; ? <; t S/? 4 >/Q
* 4 2J TB /N @ ?
J %& + /
R
d 4 / t +_ X oJ OZ >/Q
*@ > &
, 2$ )/2 + /
J C 0/P P J o A +. &
, 2\$ >/Q
*0/P P [ _C 2J J +. + /
! X/Q J 4 W
J A +. >/Q
*<J?/C2 WJ / . / oJ /2 /" . %& + /
K &
, /4B Z5
J y> >/Q
!4 ! 82 D0 _C 2> +$ + /
^& N < ? oJ O9 /'o /" . >/Q
* 2 N9/6U - +. %& + /
70
2 N /2 4 ? 9 / 6 /" . <$ >/Q
* / q LJ )J + /
| DQ WJC/ 2 4B M { KJ D 4 +. >/Q
/ <o ?
J O+ $ + /
/! /2 /! / !Ho 2 /2? D0 4X DC_. @>) : >/Q
*!/ /2 /!# / J !Ho 2 /2? D0 /X 5 o 79< j? + /
/ 4 +. J - T
B T
B 4 4B >/Q
/ rM @ 4 0
J /oB A
' <j$2 D0 _ M O+ $ + /
| DQ 8 2 @/ /2? r M @ 4 0
J /oB A
' <j$2 D0 _ M 7C41 /4 >/Q
*| Q-
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W
J $J r ? B /XJ K/ J - J N $J T
B &
\ Q
J >/Q
*/!1 /2? r M J N $J @ 4 0
J /oB A
' <j$2 D0 _ M + /
SJ X4 KJ / 2 W
J DtM $4 W
J $J K/ 2 4_$ D0 4X OZ >/Q
7s G> . <; N ?
J <; N T>G/X2s +
Y4 $ &
, 2 &
, _ /2 2 + /
7&
, 2$ /2 oJ O9` X ) OJ5 y> >/Q
J _CD 2J +. /! 2B"2 /X /2? /C2 +$ ) + /
/2 ? r M C J 2 /$ J C
J CQ &
h o 0 G> /C >/Q
*B /CJ_ 0/2 Q 5 o + /
SH/ 22 W C
I o O9 /CJN / ?
J : >/Q
S U > &_' 0
J / 0/2 Q )M + /
*J $ / W $ rM 0/X/4 0 / O<$ >/Q
71
*ER / ?M <; G &
F oAB4 <; /jJ /4 %& + /
+
U /U ]B 1 r ? 5'N ) >/Q
*+ $ + /
SJ / /4 WA2J r M R .J / oJ 2 S! U 0/N $ D0 /o )M >/Q
J DC$ K/ WA2J SJ / H4B oh . / 79< j? ) + /
[ oJ DA2 5 @
J _ Q <"' u. S[ U t 0/N $ D0 /o )M oJ >/Q
7@>) WU X, Z 7! B 9T t 9 2 ) + /
7d ? @
J ' 8o S[ _B4 @
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# N 5J DQ /24 >/Q
7+" M / + /
J J CD > c HJ2 r ? 5'N K[ +A &
I o >/Q
7+ / &
' o KJ +'A ) &
> 2J 4B 0$J2 /2 + /
+
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d / ?M 9K+A ) >/Q
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* XJ2 +. @
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J ?
J + $ 2 oJ / 4 H 04Jt + /
7 4 $ S {$ >/Q
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B Q T
B B /XJ T
B 4 4B 9T$X S[ A8 r ? &
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J 4 ) S /HT
Y J,/ ; 2H ) 2 * $ + /
72
&
F ]2 + o TB /! / O / J $ +. : l' . $ 0
J /Q
*R > 4 &
\Q oJ 2,J Z + $ + /
lJ 4B> v
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J y> >/Q
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Y J %& + /
@
J 2J 4o z
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; c
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7 __ ZM 0 N /2 b
> /4 <J N >/Q
! B 9T t 9 2 ) +/ +. ) &
> 2J 4B 0$J2 /2 + /
7+ / + _ X / 4$X / / >/Q
7J 4- r M < K+A Z 7 >/Q / 9< o b
, + /
7[ ' +. < >/Q
7{
B /_h > 4B /N 8 2 LJ )J + /

* /Q > &
, 2$
* 4 $ <'$ + / D0 4
*JCU 2 g
B 4- B 4 r ? J 4_$ K/ 2 %&
* ? HB _CD 2J U - T %&
*!/ /2 /! / J !Ho 2 /U2? D0 /X 5 o
* $ H S[ 2Z oJ 2 %&
*J5NJ 2 > • /Q r ? + / D0 N )/2
73
*J 4 J ?
J + />&
\X )/2
*Bg$4 <B"1
J $4 +. T
B $ <B /'o J N ? +. /Q R /2 f
T
B +. B / D k J ? /Q &/N )/2 g
True or False? Please rewrite the false statements in their correct forms.
B 2 - B 4 r ? XJ2 +. J o k K/ 2 ]_
J C$ &
\ Q
J WDA2J SJ / H +. + / oh P
0
J /C Y > c HJ2 r ? 5'N J\ J 4 $ J 4 4 P
2 N /2 4 ? 9/6U - +.
XU - 2J /2'A , _CD 2J
Functional Expressions ,-. / 0 ( 1- "
c˜ j > exactly
5˜ \ : - v l! This isn't all!
C4( B{m during the war
X 5e( Q $z during the embargo
!80 C54( the civil war
™!8y C54S the Gulf War
„8H I E2 , depends on
_L %X \N > in comparison to
#$] he/it means
c*!|H 0 This is great!
c ` 2: n U2 E $H n U2 E 7` eL Someone's calamities are someone's else fortunes!
74
c N] L 5'ˆ But, what can be done!
#
R @ !)= _5V2 the political situation
n 8ˆZL I - 2\8y They create for you a thousand problems.
W 7 4 d 4L 0 This is a very strange matter.
c- v WU X, s I cannot believe that!
2^ š2"y the airlines

5˜ \ : 0 l! This isn't the only (thing).
W 20AL 5.=! \"5$N The area isn't populated.
c3k H - %A† n 2= \ > - %28L ] They treat you harshly like enemy!
c#/ My God!
"8R= K xL the regime/authority's mood
#6 !S R † all my life
#
) >4] $N H #: [ kn h !,5H Q#D a normal thing in our Arab World
n 'LG $L since some time
1 > n Ž2N=L 4!d Q#D 0 This thing isn't allowed.
c'ˆN s Can't be done!
Pkh .% 5 0 Are you (m) serious
c \!$ s .8 E L Y > <J N, I swear by Allah I only told the truth!
#6 !S #: 0 tN > .]N@ L I never heard of such (thing) in my life.
W 7 4 d 45L 0 This is a strange matter/issue.
]T $ , S Our condition is difficult.
c > „ U3 Q#D s Nothing lasts for ever!
cn $ #: * ,% You are (live) in heaven!
c › $$8 8 > E A=L ‹ 0 This matter is open for discussion.
7 4 $ S {$ Long live Arabs' unity!
75
Vocabulary List
debate, discussion › \%
fellowship LG
mood, temper K xL
cruelty 2= E
enemy 3k H
self, soul, same l; %
money BL
trade, commerce X ^6
agriculture H XG
thousand I
relations, relationships ? E{H
problem 8ˆZL
situation _5V3
regime, authority "8@
population ˆ@
heaven $
village 4E
city,town/s L‚ $ L
border&s h3 S ‚k S
desert, sahara Q 45(T
Bedouins 3>
herders HX
goats x$H
camels BN
sheep *$d
76
sea 45(>
the Red Sea 4N5S 45(
the Mediterranean ˜)@2,N •!> 45(
valley hn 3
river 4/ %
mountains B
port Q $!L
matter, issue A=L
service L5 m
break, vacation 8"H
train X "E
south C2$
north B ND
west C54 d
east w4D
open for (something) >E
political #
k @ !@
populated 20AL
national #
k $ 93
complete, perfect L†
barren Q h54
clean I!| %
ordinary, normal, usual [
k h !,5H
allowed, permitted Ž2N5=L
great *!|H
I got .8eS
I came .q
77
I lived .5ZH
I said .8 E
I swear <J N,
to prevent, block _ $L
to become XT
depends I E2 ,
walks, moves 4!= 6
flies 4!" 6
lasts U3
treats L]
creates • 85 y
You tell (someone/something)! 5—) S
during Q $5 z ‚B{m
about something NH
except for s
Grammar ! +2 "
There are two types of sentences in Arabic; a verbal sentence which begins with a verb,
and a nominal sentence which begins with a noun or a personal pronoun. Examples
are:
1. A verbal sentence:
Q 45(e #: 3 ' ˆ=
2. a. A nominal sentence (starts with a noun):
n $@ $L 5? 5 > !80 C54(

b. A nominal sentence (starts with a pronoun):
) h5X „ 4: = ,@ .5 %
78
When the verb precedes its subject, it is always in the singular form and agrees with the
subject in gender ONLY.
Examples:
a singular masculine subject n \D #: #\ T ' ˆ@
a plural masculine subject n \D #: #` E T ' ˆ@
Notice that the verb remains the same though the number of the subject is changed
from singular to plural. You will notice the same thing in the following sentences.
a singular feminine subject n \D #: #, \ T 5. $ ˆ@

a plural feminine subject n \D #: #6 \ T 5. $ ˆ@
Now, if the verb follows its subject, it is marked by both number and gender, as in the
following examples:
n \D #: ' ˆ@ #\ T
n \D #: 2$ ˆ@ #` E T
n \D #: 5. $ ˆ@ #, \ T
n \D #: ' ˆ@ #6 \ T
N.B. Some grammarians treat equational sentences as nominal sentences.
The following verbs are in the past tense and conjugated to the singular pronouns.
: +: 9" 9" "
5. z S —S .5 z S .5 z S .5 z S —S
5.D H ›H .5ZH .5ZH .5ZH ›H
5?X 9 X9 ?549 ?549 ?549 X9
79
5?X @ X@ ?54@ ?54@ ?54@ X@
5.L h Uh .5Lh .5Lh .5Lh Uh
The following verbs are in the present tense and conjugated to the plural pronouns.
;: &: ;B " &B " ;C

'5 q^ 2q!^ '5 q ^ 6 2q!^ 6 Q#^ % Q
'8L ] 28L ] '8L ] 6 28L ] 6 L]% LH
'8e5( 28e5( '8e5( 6 28e5( 6 e5( % eS
'5 \ 85 y 25 \ 85 y '5 \ 85 y 6 2\ 85 y 6 • 85 y % • 8m
Drill # 1 3 4 ;6 < "

Drill # A = ;6 < "

4E NH \ ,5] % 40 \ O_L %X \N >M

The phrase between parentheses means:
a. in reference to
b. in comparison to
c. in accordance with
c#, \ T 2$5^L * H 0
The sentence implies that:
a. this is a crazy world
b. this is a crazy friend
c. it is crazy to talk like this
80
W N` h NH #: l5 \ "
The correct form of the predicate is option:
!N ? n !N C W {!N
#6 !S #: / ,5 Ev n 8† ‹0
Which of the following adjectives fits best?
v ? R C
Wj .E2 l5 ; % #:3 p 8!N l%26 $ L

One of the following adjectives cannot be used to describe the city of Tunis. Which?
NSh5xL ? ;!| % C Q h54
- T D0\ 4 )D 2 /"J ]2 < 2 o

Which of the following statements is true?
a. The civil war is still going on
b. Miriam is participating in the civil war
c. Miriam is unmarried and lives with her family
1, 3G _L W 4!t† † ZL 1 o45H s
The suffixed pronouns in this sentence are:
a. object pronouns
b. possessive pronouns
c. both object and possessive
$HX D #: l! #,m 15 64 A,@ .!

The relative pronoun in option ....... is correct.
[ ? ' C #,
81
c@J 4 ? + D U f
You want to impress your Arab friend by using the synonym of the sentence between
parentheses. Which option would you choose?
+ D 2J /? 0 + 4B DQ T + D 4B /N
7
n @ 3 > † ZN ‹ 0 "8R= • 85y 6 g
The sentence implies that your friend who told you this:
a. is indifferent
b. protests the authorities
c. supports the authorities
• T #$ %A† #$ 8L ]
You would choose option ... to communicate an opposite message.
$ ? 3k H C h3 S
2) ^ #: W ; }2L / 3G N5]
Which of the following nouns fits best?
š2"y ? H X)x C ]L ^
$ N #: n ]L '=S
Which of the following demonstrative pronouns cannot be used in this context?
-5 86 ? ‹0 C -v
PW 8!N W $ L 5. G L
Which of the following options would you choose to show your Arab friends that you
know your grammar well?
?34!> ? ?34!> C ?34!>
82
54\ #: U 5 E ‹ 5 $H
“He has the oldest car in the village.” You need to select the word in option:
n X !@ ? W X !@ C X !@
P5* ˆ,!> 5'L 4 E / , \D 5 0

Which pair represents the pronouns implied in this question?
*0 ‚ * ,% ? * ,% ‚ #0 C *0 ‚ #0
5* ˆ,!> 5'L W 4 E W,!> [4 ,Z ,@

The implied subject in this sentence corresponds to the personal pronoun in option:
*0 ? * ,% C .%
?
n 2 $@ 45ZH 5 E C54( 5? >
One of the following adjectives cannot be used. Which?
!$ 92 ? !850 C ;` y
W N!|H 5.=! #
) >4] * ] 3 ˆ 4L !@ !)= ? E{] f
Which of the following prepositions fits best within this context?
#: ? „ C '!>
Q 45(e #: 2Z!] Wh H 3 g
The only word that can fit in the blank is the one in option:
HX ? C4S C 3k H
4N5S 45( „8H ) h5X #0 \]

One of the following words cannot describe Aqaba in Jordan. Which?
Q $!L ? 4E C $ L
83
!;!e 85 "] h ~> „ 4: = $@
Which of the following prepositions fits best?
B{m ? #: C _L
P4! †3 !N .! Wj \ ,5] 6 5 0
The subject pronoun does not correspond to the personal pronoun in:
#0 ? .% C 20
_' A
' LJ )J B8 /2 D ?
J + 4DQ
The object pronoun corresponds to the personal pronoun in option:
% ? .% C .%
?
n 2$@ _>X 5. % † #,m /!8H 5. 8eS !@ X) Lx
Arabic would only allow you to use the relative pronoun in option:
' ? #, C [
Drill # 3 > = ;6 < "

a. Provide the correct relative pronoun wherever needed.
l%26 #: @ X) 8 5.% † /!8H .8eS Lx

!N 3 4! † 1! $8 \ ,% .!
` 4^ #: / 6 4E n X m „ _N,@ 5 7R S s
3 > \"$N ‹ 0 #: 2Z!] i $
? !>4H .! 0 #: ' ˆ= ? "
- 4 E 2ˆ n uyD _L [4: = 6 5 7 ^
84
b. Put the words which are between parentheses in the correct form.
Q 45(e #: O' ˆ= M 3 > #>X E

0 8>3 /,8` H 5'H O % r — SM #, \ T
P \"$N ‹ 0 „ n U2 † O* ,% rQ#^ M v N
P ^ v ,@“ † ZN O•8y M '/ % ‡!(T 5 0
Q =N „ ,S Ž e 'L OX @M B 4) Qsœ0
n U 4,S ) ˆ> O*0 r L ] M $ †
c. Provide the antonyms of the underlined words.

h3 ( „8H % 3 ! ! X G 5'L #%2]$L
#
) >4] * ] #: [ k h !,H Q#D 0
3k H - %A† -%28L ]
d. Provide the synonyms of the underlined words.
W ! L3 W) X ^6 Wx†54L NH 5?X T
n $@ $L >X $ L #: •!]6
8"] Q $z •ZLh X3G 5 4)ˆ:
[h e,E _5V2 „8H N ,5]6 40 } ‹ 0
e. Rearrange the following groups of words to make good sentences.
4!~e $ N 7 => _L /,8` H „ $, 4E C4( 5'L 5.8\,%

† ZN 7
n @ s • 85 y 6 o4H 3> "8R= v N
8ˆ5ZN .$ † -]L 5'H \ ,H 1% — (6
*5@ \!\( ‰4,D s u5yZ o4H [ #6X !@ #:
Drill # 4 ? ;6 < "

b2 @ 0 n \D „8H 28eS
85
The synonym of the verb within this context is in option:
2N=E ? 34 A,@ C 28L H
\!\( s L Y > 5.N=E

“She swore by Allah that she told nothing but the truth.” Which of the following verbs
can be used?
'8 E ? 5. E C .8 E
PQ =N 0 N$!)= U L 1 8 > \ ,@ 5 0
The subject and object pronouns correspond to the pair in option:
.% ‚ #0 ? 20 ‚ .% C .% ‚ .%
W 7
n 4 E n bX D #: p a4!@ 5_ > 6
Only the noun in option .... can be used to fill in the blank.
$ N ? „;Z,5=N C L2ˆ(
$N H #: [
k h H Q#D 0
Which adjective would you select if you want to send the opposite message?
74d ? 74E C hk
5.=! NH h ~> _L %X \N >

One of the following adjectives can be used as a predicate. Which?
n 4! † ? 4! † C W 4! †
„ '! ,5( 6 - %–: W j 4L '!%2ˆ 6 L $H 7

Logically speaking, only option ... can be used to fill in the blank.
nX L ? n @ $L C n !8NH
86
` 2 : n U2 E $Hn U2 E O7` eLM
The synonym of the word in parentheses is option:
HX ? LG C † ZL
žX3 #: n $ L lX> f
Which form of adjective is correct within this context?
I!| % ? ;!| % C I |%
.! 0 [4 ,5D „ ,S [ $H L g
I do not have enough ........ to buy this beautiful house.
e5 mX ? BL C .E3
n B N 3 n x$H3 n * $d HX 5*03 Q 45(e #: 3 ' ˆ=

Which verb would you choose if you put the subject in initial position (before the verb)?
2$ ˆ5= 6 ? ' ˆ5= % C 2$ ˆ5=
8"] C45~N „ 4: = $@
Which of the following words cannot be used to fill in the blank?
B{m ? Q $z C 5 tL
- v 5]> / 3x 6 W 45L X "\ #: > E

The sentence says that the couple met:
a. on the train
b. at the airport
c. in a wedding party
W U2! - :R4e 6 B2E 5 X

Which of the following options would you choose to fill in the blank if you wanted to
express some appreciation?
87
I!" ? Q#@ C #
k ]! 9
8ˆ5ZN 5'H -]L — ( 6 1 % \ ,H .$ †

The synonym of the sentence's main verb is in option:
I!" ? '
R } C * 8 ˆ6
Q h54 ) h5X w54D #: B ^

Which of the following statements is false?
a. This is a verbal sentence.
b. This is a nominal sentence.
c. This is an equational sentence.
Q 45(e #: #>X E R †3 #,8` H ' ˆ5= 6

Therefore, I am:
[
k 3> ? i $/L C v ,@
.! X ^ 5'L 4 t† \Z X ^ hk .% 5 0
The semi-synonym of the predicate adjective of the main sentence is in option:
)†A,L ? x xH C K xL
W 8!N W $ L 5. G L f
Only the noun in option .... can be used to fill in the blank.
?34!> ? ?34!> C ?34!>
W 4\ 6 !8 I5e% .E2 † g
Though it requires that the word order should be rearranged, which of the following
words can substitute for the adverb?
n X 4N,@ > ? # 2S C W \!\S
88
N „ 45^ / 5'L '!S{ ; ? " 8R= 5.] $L
You can send the opposite message by replacing the verb with its antonym in option:
5. 8L H ? 5.]^D C 5. \ 8m
1 :45] 6 W { X *]5 "N m5 L 5$H 5. 8> E

The correct form of the relative pronoun is:
no relative pronoun ? #, C [
'! {L =5Nm 0 8> #: ˆR= h H

One of the following words can replace the second term of Idaafa without changing the
meaning. Which?
L5 y ? i $ C 45(
3k H #$ %A† #$ 8L ]
The synonym of the underlined word is in option:
w4 9 ? 2= E C tL
NH „ •5ZLh 5'L n X 45N,@ > ? X !=

The correct form of the verb which can be used here is option:
34!= ? 54= C 4!= 6
89
4 S/? 9 /CJN 0%GB S / J
2JX/? Pj 2J /o ? HB 2J H2
/ 2J /? +. :DP 4B 2 2Q
]2 J /_2 /4 2 - 4 J /2H
- T +
Y /U ]1 X _CD 2J
CU 2 g 4- 4
7@J 4 ? + D U
2 2Q J 4 /'o
J 4 > W A +. K &
, /4B
R +. 9 9 /C2 J 2 >
7 __ Z
€ M 0 N /2 b
> /4 <J DN,
R
E / ?M &
F DoAB4 0 /CJ_
+
U 4 $ / 2J /? +. R
d / ?M 9K+A )
*/o 2 +. - T D0 2 <o
J4 &
> Q 2J J C A + D$ 2
7W X l' M _ 0
J D l d ? + '8o + 2J /$
90
Unit # 5 G !
- , % + "
( # ##
$ * .! / " # #
70D 4 / / R
* )/2 H
/ Q
' 8 7+ U ? R
* )/2 r ? / Q
'8 H
*J0 %& R
*0 )/2 H
J 2 W rM < T ) /' 0
J @
J '\ "j R
91
7! / $ 0 HB /2 +h o O0 /2 OZ H
! B S! Q8
\h 2 0
J 2J O!/$4C R
! ?/ + C?M O&
F/ &
h o r ? 02J r 2 o' ) Z H
B "Ij $4 S J + q \ ?/ ]2 Q
'8 R
R $A 5hP , # Z <J H
:
B P g$4 T - @4 rM T ) c/ R
@>) +U4 M O! Z 2Q @
J Ph , oJ 2 H
! Z 2Q 2J o c/ ! oA OZ R
*W
J Y &
'o DA %& H
+ DQ, +4 4 + -
\ / c/ R
Y $J \ /2 4 @ 4 r M 4 D) Z )/2> H
7[ ?/ 2J o : o O _$2 S Do.J R
7! 2J /o ! @
J 2 5 o 7+" M / + ?
J / 7+" M / + ?
J/ H
7 o / 0 4B / O[ ?/ 2J o : R
7 5
J j
' 2 > +2 H
79cU H 2 &
, OJ@ ? 9 /? R
7< T
Y J / OJ@2Y " Z 7 /o )M H
Cindy and Liza are in the market now.
< ! B 9<J H2 W Y R
J $2 < !t H
 2J / k OTU C R
*[ 2 Q
J O! ]G/4
* / P ) <oB4 R
! Z $4 L $J B 2J / P ) ]G/4
*; DCN / . ) %& H
5
J X > &XP> 9TJ / 2 O<$ ]G/4
5
J X
Y 2J l oA Of 2_ ) R
f
B >/Q 5
J X
Y 2J 93 X2 f 2_ ) ]G/4
KJ / A
h &
> XP> ! B 9TJ / 2 H
&
> XP &
h o> ! ?/1B4 @ D ?
J "j R J
 v P R
*B] 4 > 9 / . @ ?
J %& H
! Z AJ? L $J 5
J Q ]B 4 > 1DQ- / P ) ]G/4
*d+ / B %& * 2 - f 2_ ) H
:
B Do$ /4 :Do$ +
d G/ J +
Y / U 7</ - LJ )J W . @/ : ]G/4
7+4 4 /X2N :4 /! 2>G / 79` X @2 o R
*g 4- @>) O 2 - ) /2 H
. o g 4- O^&/_J? 2 - ]G/4
*B: r ? :/' /2" 4 %& H
:
B r ? :/' /2" 4 O<$ ]G/4
l /2"B DA oJ 2 K/ A- LJ ) l4B $ +4 4 R
/! 2>G l /X2N 4 0
J 2 /2 OdR 1 ) ]G/4
+ /X2N +C DN :4 /! 2G R
7b / 7b / ]G/4
+
E X R
E K[ )J c H +U2 R
*/"J2 N\ :/ N /2 SH/ 22 2 ) / ?
J ]G/4
/2 l' _J ? R
! Z DA? l 2 R
E D B K[ )J c H ) ]G/4
*J . o &
> /_J$ 2 <o H
*B] 4 / . 4U J %& 0
[ Z S DA? ]G/4
94
*l 2 <o H
! Z $4 ]G/4
J . o &
> /_J$ B / P> ! Z LJ )J H
B T
B KJ )J > ! Z $4 @ C? / R
! Z 2Q [ 2QB4 @
J o O! Z I /" 2 Z ]G/4
$4 2Q Z R
7 DQ8 / / $2 J P o B $J 2J &
I N ) 7; oJ 22 t ]G/4
| DQ 0
[ Z 2Q @ C? l' - O DQ Z 5 R
*[K+A R
U - ]G/4
B/ P &
> /_J$ J . o> ! Z $4 2Q R
7DC_. B / P > ! Z $4 ]G/4
*B /CDP_ 2 <o H
! Z I J ]G/4
7@B / D?
J fQ /CDP_ R
7/! 2>G /t l ?/14 OJ Q 4M Y j Z ]G/4
! Z /2 2Q LJ )J O g‚ R
Q8 / / $2 ]G/4
&
> 4D_ 2 +. @D 2J R DA l' - Q Z5 R
/$ - LJ )J ? <o4/ X 4B DQ Z OaK/ ]G/4
7 /$ - 7! 4 R
7 /' v /$ - `1DP 2 H
95
/$ - `1DP 2 R
7 /$ - `1DP 2 O0 N /2 / H
* H D0 )/2
*!Z &
\ n$P H )/2
*@ 4 r M T D) \R T
; 4 R
U -
*R J r ? H D0 DN )/2
*J5 X
Y f
B 2N ? H D0 /N )/2
*B]G> /4 > R H D0$. <o
*U+$ 4 B/ P /2
*R <U , <B N :/ NJ /2
*B B / 2 B HDQ2 +. /$ - R D0PX 5 o f
*W $' ) ]J2 /2 D ?
J B HDQ2 T
B J /X W $ /2 g
Cultural Expressions " # $"

70D 4 / / Come on girl!
7+ U ? Hurry up!
7@
J 2Y " Z Don’t worry!
Y $J /2 4 while I get ready
96
_$2 S oJ. reasonable idea
@>) +U4J M If you (f) like that.
7+" M / + ?
J/ My God, help!
7, o / 0 4B / You, lazy girl!
79cU H 2 &
, OJ@ ? 9 /? Shame on you. The man is married!
7 /o )M So what?
7< T
Y J / I love sin!
+ J 2 / 2 Bargaining is my hobby.
/" LJ )J That is its sweetness.
! C
J /A / k o TB One has to be smart.
7f
; DQA &
h o 2J CDA ?/4 KJ Z• Those venders are the smartest!
7TU / ? Let us try!
7| / ? Let us see!
7&
,Q / ? Let us get in!
HDQ2 ) TU > OTU C OK, let us try this store.
J P o B $J 2J &
IN ) This is less than cost.
7 DQ8 / / $2 It means I will lose.
:
B Do$ /4 :Do$ and vise versa
7b / May Allah protect us (from sin)!
+ /X2N +C N :4 He wears my earrings and shirts
JQ 4M son of dirty mother
97
7<o4/ X 4B DQ Z OaK/ Please do not tell your friends!
7 /$ - 7! 4 Never! Prices are secrets!
Vocabulary List
to become /X
to bargain < /
to get ready $ M
to shower < M
to try, experiment T
to be late Q
'8
to protect, shield
to wear :B4
to bear, endure &
\ n2
to be glad, rejoice vB .
to name r2
to lend 5'n
Say hello to ....! <hn
Help (someone)! ?
J/
Hurry up! 3B m %&nU ?
Let (someone) do (something)! 73
[You] give! 7C
J ?M
we see |
98
I dry (something) 5Ph ,
I earn, win `4
I lose DQ
expensive &
F /t
rounded 9 2
yellow K PX m PX
blue K/N H m W H
black K m
white K/1 4 m g 4
red K 2 m 2
green K 1Q m 1DQ
lazy o
sleepy / $
handsome 9<
smart 9C
J /A
original +
d X
pure 9f>/Q
manufactured 93 X2
dress 9/ .
caftan 9 /CDPN
shirt 9f 2N
99
cost PD o
merchandise ?/1B4
salesman, vendor/s ?/4 p 9]G> /4
shoes 9K )J
pair 9c H
measure 9:/ N
earring/s C N m C NJ
head gear ^&/_J? . o
dress 9T
sweetheart 9T 4
present, gift/s / p^
skin 9 %n B
wool 5 X
cotton 9 DCN
silk 9
warm Kr.
warm, moderate ^&J $2
season/s ^& X. p ^&nX.
Autumn 5 Q
Summer 5X
Spring 9] 4
100
Winter 9K/ A
J
neighbor/s 9 p9/
secret/s 9 pdJ
something forbidden, sin 9<
hobby J
hair 9 $A
future ^&n4D_ 2
difference 5 Q
J
while, during K/ D m &
\ Q
J
first Z
!
Grammar
1. “Diptotes” is a category of Arabic nouns and adjectives that cannot take Nunation and
they take the accusative marker for the genitive case.

D 4 r M +Q ./
Notice that the noun D4 takes the accusative marker instead of the genitive marker
though the word is the object of the preposition rM .
2. Diptotes include many place-names which are not Arabic in origin such as:
:J O /2? O /2ƒ? O XJ2 O WDA2J O 0 4O D4

3. Several broken plural patterns are also included in this category. Usually, they are
made of three or four syllables, such as:
101
K/NJ X O WJ / . O :B 2
4. These plural nouns are treated as diptotes when they are indefinite. Once they
become definite, they behave like regular nouns, i.e. they take the genitive marker for
the genitive case.
KJ /NJ %X- r ? 02'

5. Comparative and superlative adjectives as well as colors are included in the Diptotes
category.
Verb Conjugation "%& '( )*

1. The following verbs are in the imperative form conjugated for the second person
pronouns.
- , *+
U? +D U ? %&U ? &U ?
C?M +C?M C
J ?M rC?
2. The following verbs are in the past tense +1/2 conjugated for the second person
pronouns.
, - /. .
0DP' 0
J DP' 0DP' D0P' 5' 5'
022 M 0
J 22 M 022 M D02 M < M <ƒ M
102
3. The following verbs are in the present tense 3 /12 conjugated for the plural
pronouns
0 1 *+ *+ 1 .0 .0
Y $J J$ Y $J J$ Y $J ƒ$ M
_J $ _J $ _J $ _J\ $ _J $ _ ?M
Drill # 1 & ( *
Drill # 2 / 2 ( *
! $J J 22 DP D0 /o
Which adjective would you choose if you like to send the opposite message
! '2J 2 0 S! Q
J 82 T # 2
:
B P g$4 T > @ 4 r M T ) N +_ X Yj
The synonym of the sentence's main verb is in option:
5Ph , 0 _J ? T 5h ,
<B / , T
Y J,/ 2 / 2 + J
This person loves to:
a. shop b. bargain c. stay late
7 U?
103
You would tell your friends that because you are:
2' 0 o' ) T Q
'8
2 - ) +C
J ?M
Your friend says this to a shopkeeper. She/He must mean the item in:
9 /CDPN 0 . o T ^&/_J?
! / $ 0D HB /2 PJ 6 /
This sentence indicates one of the following:
a. lack of sleep
b. lack of money
c. lack of interest
S! o # Z 2 R / `B4
Which verb would you choose to send the opposite message?
5 X 0 5' T JQ
7@
> ? 9 /?
This expression means:
a. Shut up! b. Hurry up! c. Shame on you!
D0 /2? O D 4 ]2 J /_2 /4 f
Arabic grammar will only allow you to use option:
S[ 4o 0 S 4o T S! 4o
104
K/ A
h O 5 Q O5X O]4 g
Which of the following options is not related to the seasons:
&
, /_J$ 0 DC_ T 5 X
Y
< ) o 9:/ W
J Y +.
Therefore, the market is:
9 4o 0 9<J H2 T 9f>/Q
rM ]2 0 ./
Which pair of words can grammatically fit in the blanks?
:J „ KJ /NJ X- 0 :J „ K/NJ X- T :
B J „ K/NJ X-
S U l ?/1B4 - B HDQ2 ) 2J R DA
We shop at this store because of:
a. its good merchandise
b. its good prices
c. both a & b
Which is the incorrect order of the seasons?
]4 OK/ A
h O 5 Q O5X
5 Q O K/ A
h O 5X O]4 T
K/ A
h O5 Q O 5X O]4 0
R DA > W
J Y r M D04 )
One of the following words would not make sense within this context. Which?
105
/! / . 0 / T /! 4 4
+. /" G> /? D0 o
Which is the correct form that can be used to fill in the blank?
> /4 0 /4 T /4
The best way to say to your friend, “Let us go in !” is option .....
7&
, o8 / ? 0 7&
,Q / ? T 7TU / ?
7b @
You are mad at someone and you had said something nice like this sentence. Now, you
realized that he deserved something else! Which one?
7b @ 1. 0 7@ . b
, @ /4 T 7b @jPJ
Your friend calls you late in the evening. You want to go to sleep. f
What would you say to her/him?
/ $ / 0 ! / $ 0 HB /2 T ! / $ 0
&
> XP &
h o> ! ?/1B4 <o D ?
J "Dj g
The best translation for the sentence verb is:
a. I think
b. it seems
c. you have
! 2 /! C DN\ l H D0 DAM
What has been bought is related to the:
a. ears
106
b. eyes
c. neck
*B /CDP_ ) 2 <o
One of the following options cannot be used to substitute for the underlined word in this
sentence. Which?
&
, X. 0 $J T :/ N
&
> XP> 9TJ / 2 f
B >/Q 5
J X
Y 2J 9f 2N )
KJ / A
h 0 5
J X T >] 4
R $A r' ! ?/ c/
Which pair of verbs make sense?
5Ph , p <J n \ 0 5hP , p </ T <J p 5hP ,
&
F /2B H; D ? <; t S/? < OJK X +. S! /? 4 on
Which is the correct form of the verb if it follows the subject?
on 0 on T on
Drill # 3 3 2 ( *
a. Vowel the underlined words.
XJ2 +. /" G> /? _ X on
+ K/NJ X < T' C 5
h X +.
LJ B / 2J 4Do &
5 C + 4/N R) & o /o
107
J 4- r M < > K+A Z
/ '2J 2 2 / 2 X
b. Give the correct forms of the words which are between parentheses.
JP rM ‚0
[ / / ?
$J 22 0
J / ?k ‚/ ‚\ N + 0/ ?k
*! 2J /o ! 0
J ‚ < ‚&
\ n2 5o
! / 2Q / ‚5'n + Q,
c. Put each pair of the words in the corresponding sentence to expand its semantic
scope, then translate them.
?/1B4 &
h o> &
> XP <o ?
J
/! 2J H2 &
\ 4N +G/NJ X 0 X +h o 3 /'A /o
T
; N /! C DN W
[ 2J l H D0 DAM
9TJ / 2 9f 2N KJ / A
h &
> XP> 5
J X
Y 2J )
R DA - S U l ?/1B4 B HDQ2 ) 2J
Y j\ T > :
B P g$4 @ 4 r M T ) +_ X
d. You need to change one word in each sentence in order to send the opposite
message.
"'A ) S! o Z
! 2 R / `B4
7b <o 1DP
&
F /t B /CDP_ 2
! $J 22 D0 /o / J 2 J ? DP
e. Change only one word in each sentence without changing its meaning.
108
! B ^& 2 9 4M + / >
: /4 2J /"4
*Bf 2_ )ƒ 2 <o
B HDQ2 </2 o4/ X 0D 4/N
f. Put the following groups of words in the correct order to make good sentences.
\ , + / P> /! 4J / 2 K[ )J c H R
E DB
2J B 2 ]B 4 - 2 DQ\ &
I N\ KJ A
h +h M
Drill # 4 4$ 1 ( *
&
> XP &
h o> ! ?/1B4 <o D ?
J \ "Dj
The verb that can be used instead of the sentence verb without changing the semantics
very much is option:
c/ 0 Q
'8\ T _J ?\
9g J ? R D ?
J : + '8\ o + 2J /$
One of the following nouns cannot be used to fill in the blank. Which?
9/6 0 d ? T W X
Which option has the natural order of the seasons?
5 Q O K/ A
h O 5X O]4
K/ A
h O5 Q O 5X O]4 T
109
K/ A
h O 5 Q O] 4 O 5X 0
@4 2J /! .T ,
R D?
J o TB O )M
?/1B4 0 9T/ J T 9?
J 2
R D?
J [_ X W
J Y +. 0D 4/N
The correct form of the adjective which can be used to fill in the blank is option:
!H H? 0 H?\ T S[ H H?
t B / H /2 )M lJ J H ]2 S o &
, oJ /A2 l
B / $ 0 B o T B $
9U 2T
d /A SJ + / c H
T DA Z @>)>
K/2 0 X$ T 2Q
5 X O 9 DCN O 9
One of the following options cannot be related to the words above. Which?
9K )J 0 9f 2N T 9/ .
C
JU 2 g
B 4- B 4 r ? R
d XJ2 o - f
Which of the following words does not make a meaningful sentence?
110
9K/ 2J 0 N T 2
@
J d ? @A Z l' M 7/! 4 t @>) : g
This sentence has to be referring to the concept in option:
2Q
J 0 9c HJ2 T S N
&
> X. +. ! B d / S! /? + 2 +. :D_C
'
It makes more sense to use the word in option:
]B 4 0 5
J X T KJ / A
h
/"Jn ]2 /" 4 < 2 on

One of the following adjectives cannot describe Miriam’s son. Which?
+
Y X- 0 < T C
J /'A
B HDQ2J ) /$ 0
J Dj Z %&
The only adjective that can be used to fill in the blank is in option:
P>G/Q 0 /t T G\ J /
T
B BD2 2J - /CDP_ ) 0 DAM
If you want to use the antonym of the adjective in this sentence you need to choose the
one in option:
g 4- 0 1DQ- T 2 -
^& 2 S 2M l H
111
It makes more sense to use the adjective in option:
9< 0 9Q
h82 T / $
! $J 22 D0J /o 3
; 4 ,&
\ 4N /" M / 4 ) M P
The relative pronoun which can be used in this sentence is in option:
) 0 R) T +
7< T
Y J , / OJ@2Y " Z
If someone says something like this, you would not respond by using the expression in
option:
7b / n 0 7b K/A M T 7@ ? 9 /?
*B 2 - KJ )J ) 2 <o
The synonym for the word which is between parentheses is in option:
J 0 /Q T $J
+ 4N SJ J /_ r M + JG> /? D0 ./ f
If you want to send the opposite message, you have to choose the word in option:
R ? 0 + T R $4
B /CJ_ /4 ! .J / 2 0 o /2 4 S[ 2 &
> -+ H 0D 4/N g
One of the following options cannot be used to substitute for the phrase between
parentheses. Which?
0 ./ +h - 0 0 ./ /2 D ?
J T R P &
\ Q
J
112
7+ _ X / O9 2 9< /? )
]1 O )M
9K+ 0 ^& 4D_2 T 9]G>
\O 2 \Og4
These adjectives cannot be used to describe:
5 X 0 N T 9K )J
Which of the following pairs is not like the other two?
9K )J C DN 0 9 / . 9f 2N T 9 /CDPN 9T
7 / ' - O+G/NJ X / U?
/ Q
' 8\ 0 / 2'n T / o' )
D0J /o /"' \ + +. ! $J 22 D0 /o DP \ _J ?\ Z
! '2J 2 0 S! Q
h 82 T ! 2
113
Reading Exercise !5 ( *
5hP , <Y J \ S Q
h 8\ 2 / $ $>G/4
?/1B4 9f 2N 9/ . Y $J \ T \
+4 4 > / 2 C N\ KJ / A
h &
, X. K[ )J c H 9 DB 9 DCN
f>/Q 5 X
Y ^&/_J? . o g 4 9 /CDPN 2 \ 9f 2N ; / .
7+ _ X / + ?
7! 2J /o ! @ D n2 5o
/t B HDQ2 ) +. ?/1B4
J DB 2J K )J ) \Yj
+G/NJ X + - / R DA
< R $A 5IP , \ c/ Z
! U 02J /2 + ' - ! / $ 0 HB /2
< T
Y J Z b
\ 5/Q ^& )
*:J 2J /CDP_ ) 9` X %&
f
B >/Q B DC_ 2J /! /CDPN 5
J X +. :4D
114
Unit # 6 (6) !
$ * $ " )$
" # # " "
( ( "
*SJ +. /4DQ- + /2 W PA
?
J H2 /4DQ- /A
7/ 4B DQ\ %b / W PA
B Y, +. R
d o ? 9T _J D M /A
2 2 o D0C_ + $ W PA
J C SJ B r ? oh • T
B _J D k G> /N /A
B I ]2 <B W
J _ J C D_2 J U W PA
115
*JS / _ KJ H :
B G X2 /2 /A
&
\Y ' $2 /C2 Y 4 _D k W Dt\ B U +. <"Io W PA
/2 4 I Y C
' ? O!/$4C /A
5 X
Y C
' ? ]Y2 ' 0
J /j' $ 2 W PA
S 2 o /"' \ 5B $ %& J 2 3
B B A +. {
B B 2- 0 N /A
*T$'A /"4Q D +
S o&
, oJ /A2 < D ?
J W PA
GB ?/ 2 T O9` X /A
*J 4 /4DQ + /2 W PA
d 2J 2 KJ / 2 J 4 0 4 /XJ 7 Z /A
*J N A
' 0 4> 5XN i %& W PA
J 4 J N A
' 0 4 4 B 1DQ- C
hQ &
\ 5XN /A
J $ +. /2 4 ]J2 g DP2 /o W PA
* )/2> /A
oJ DA2 IJ /! G 4JQ D r' W PA
^&Q
I @/ /2 /C &
… J oJ DA2D > : /A
*BT /4DQ + /2 OTU C W PA
| _ g$4 D04 1 &
\ G M 0 G> /C /A
* o / / 1 @/ /o %& W PA
0
J 4 2J ! ? D0 2 O;f/QDA 2Q D0 N /A
7 4Do b
, W PA
116
9T' C /" . /o /2 j
h B > oJ O! 2 /A
J P1 ? 9 /4DQ @/ %& C
' $2 :B 2 J $2 < 5X_ i W PA
*SHt J 4
J $2 SJ X $4 :
B _ +. 0 /j @/ D0 /o /A
* Q6 9K+A W PA
S 2J 2 1/PJ D k /A
*[0 4 < " f
; /QDA /$4M 0Z/_J ?M @/ %& W PA
B 4 2 g <" 2 $4 _ ?M <$ /A
{ [ 4 ? [ N r? C
J 2 D_2 $4 l P 5 o /A
T $ l N @>)> O<"$2 /! /$ 2 /o T/'A M+
Y G k { &
\ /N W PA
*[0 f / 2? + PhC OTU C /A
*JW $J ?
J ; /4DQ 2J %& SJ / J &
> /PDC 2J + S / J +2 D0 /o W PA
M ]2 T
B 5
J NI )D 2 N /4DQ- /A
*[ 2J %& W PA
S[ G> /C i
J J / +. 3
B /.U B H &
, D_2 /A
0
[ G> /C i
J J +. T $ • 2 0 2 O!/2>G W PA
&
>XJ 2 2J lJ J ? W
J C +. B H S G> /C D02'C /A
7[ N [ U [ PJX/? T
B 4 4B S G> /C D0C_ O!/$4C W PA
RH/$' &
, G> / <; / J > JD /A
117
T
B $ KJ / •Y @
J 2 2J r W PA
* 2J 4Q 0$J2 %& * )/2 /A
! o / / $J2 lA o LJ )J 5B $ Z W PA
R
U $ W
J P HB . ? +
d 1/ 9 4Q ) /A
/ 6 J C4> <B _ SJ o W . o TB W PA
B . &
\ 4B /_2 5
[ J 4B / H /2 W
J . r? R
Y $ W P H/. /A
*JW P ) r ? . X <o R %& 79< j? W PA
| DQ, K/ DA r ? &
\ 2- .B X 2J ) 7/! 2B"2 : /A
&H 4 / /2 / /4 M 2J SJ HB" - 4 2 &
I o W PA
/ D P> +
U Y :
B G S /H J 2 /$ B /4DQ- <Y \ /A
*: /4 r M &
\ X r 2 W PA
9 4o 9 D. l$2 :
B 2\ &
\X /A
R o $ H ' J ' J J - gDPQ AJN/ W PA
+ o' R / h &
\ /4' G/ I 0
J /N $ AJN/ /24 /A
/ /2 D 4 +. + / U ' /! 1 AJN/ <"' \ @A Z W PA
J 2B"2 ]B 1 2 2J +
Y /U v/ PJ D k / /2 79 o /A
q $4 5
J DJ + DC- 5
J DJ > / Z l' \ _J ? W PA
0
J DN g
B $4 r M c/ N l'oJ O! 2 ) : /A
*JC - W
J A
' oJ DA2 AJN/ <"' \ _J $ %& W PA
@>) ? K[ +A R oD) Z S 5B ?\ Z /A
*<" DN $U 1 )/2> W PA
118
/ D P> >/' +
U Y :
B G S / HB JL)J /A
J D P SJ ' > B / G\ 2J | Do)h + LJ )J W PA
J 4 / 2 LJ )J "B4 J o /A2D > 1 +
Y Y :G /A
*J ? Y LJ )J "B4 0
J /N $ \ WU X /o 2 7 < /$ W PA
*!/4 N D 4 H {4 +o 2- : G \R %& /A
B ? 4 , $4 O<$ W PA
7+
U o J DA- <B /jh +. o 4 \ 9K+ /XJ DNk\ /A
/! 1 S o &
, oJ /A2 lJ . /o 2 +. R
Y /XJ DN- ]1 \ W PA
*/o 2 ? B /4DQ- i \ + /2 OJ 4 / 2 /4 /A
g
B /" k +. KJ / h W
h J 1_B4 DA2 /o 2\ W PA
/ $ J 2o 2 r ? 9v DC2 3 1 2 ) /A
*<Do X %& W PA
J Ho 2 J 2 o 2J &
\ 2' $CN Jo OJ ZB &
h o> _ o /A
* )/2 &
, 2 W PA
g
B /" k 0
J / $J R
Y Ho 2 &
, 2' /A
7KJ / h W
J _ ? 9] ) W PA
i P J 1N +. <Do O Q6 <d / 9 4Q @/ /A
*<Do /o )/2 W PA
Z 5 g 2 t OJ) PD ' 5
J DN ]2 B U /4 0
[ i /A
*DC_. ) W PA
J U 2 H k J ?/2 k J 2 Q
J +. ! ?/ /A g
119
J 1P ? /! 2/2 Z
! G 2: &
\ \ _J ?\ W PA
r ? [ CD 2J 2J \ )hP /o l' .B $ ] 2 \ /A
lJ >/ > L o 1P D0PAoD M /2 D ?
J oJ W PA
7K[ .J {4o /A
7< $ L b
, O/24 W PA
7< $ L b
, /A
a. Answer the following questions.

/ G - ? +4 m TB \
*!Z +
Y Y +
Y P B/ G {JN/ )/2
*! /! G TJQ D +o> ]J2 +
Y / 4I /2 4 /o \
*J0 G> /C
' 5
J X_> ! &
\ J N /! XDQA <o
*5X_ i /2 D ?
J 9T' C J 2 +. /o %&
*YR o $ T _J D k i
*/ . rM +
Y Y :G &
\ X )/2>
*JC - W
J A
' oJ DA2 +
Y Y +
Y P B/ G {JN/ %&
*i P J 1N +. J 2o 2 <Do /2
b ` X
ƒ /" oAB4 J 2 B t&
>2 J 4/ oJ R ? m ?
J \ *8CQ < T X
XJ2 T G k 0 G> /'C D0PXN
/! 4/A ! DPC
J N ! G M! NT $ < /
120
C
J 2 /C D0C_ /2 D ?
J +
Y N $J 3
B /.U H 0/2
/ H /2 W
J . r ? 0
J o W . H/.
&
, oJ /A2 lJ . : /o 2 +. R
Y /XJ DNk ]1 \
/! 4 N / /2 {4 +
Y o 2- : G H
Functional Expression ,-. / 0 ( 1- "
7/ 4B DQ\ %b / Come on , tell us!
7 Z Nothing new!
&
> Y ' ]D 2 curfew
GB ?/ 2 T war, famine and refugees
J $2 SJ X Friday prayers
F S 2J 2 1/PJ D k The uprising is on.
^&Q
I @/ /2 /C As long as there is interference
f
; /QDA /$4M sending individuals on exile
0
[ 4< " demolishing houses
SJ / J &
, /PDC children with rocks
T
B 5
J NI )D 2 since war ending
7/! 2B"2 : That is not important!
J ' J J - gDPQ Nuclear weapon reduction
121
R
Y o $ H ' military balance
G/ I 0/N $ bilateral relations
+
Y o' R
Y / h &
, /4' commercial and technological exchange
! 2 ) : This is not impossible.
+ DC- 5D J Atlantic Alliance
+
Y / v/ PJ D k\ political opening
9K+ /XJ DNk\ The economy is worse.
7+
U o J DA- Why would they waste their time?
* WU X /o 2 Who would believe …….?
7 < /$ The world is changing!
g
B /" k +. KJ / h W
h women’s right for abortion
)J PD ' 5
J DN ]2 U jail sentence on probation
g
B /" k 0
J / $J R
Y Ho 2 &
, 2' federal funding for abortion clinics
KJ / h W
J _ ? 9] back step for women’s rights
U2 H k ?/2 k 2 Q
J compulsory social service
7< $ L b
, Only Allah knows!
7K[ .J {4o scapegoat
7lA o LJ )J 5B $ We know this cliché!
122
Vocabulary List
9~?
J H2 annoying
9v DC2 open for discussion
9 B /$ 2 collaborating, coordinating
^&C
' $2 closed down, not working
+
d 2 civil, civilian
9g DP2 enforced
R
d o ? military
K H p9 H minister/s
9: G president
S / NJ leadership
9 G> /N leader, commander
9 2\ security
0 NpS N power, force/s
{ army
9T _J %D M coup
9 m 9 G> / rebel/s
93/.J defense
9 constitution
CD authority, power
123
9 X2 fate, destiny
9 2 destruction
1 victim/s
5XN bombing
9 /XJ blockade
1/PJ D M Intifadha, uprising
?/ 2 famine
9]2Y assembling
0 /j demonstrations
9 J prison, jail
9< " demolition, destruction
^& D_2 murder
|
a Nm N village/s
9]NJ 2 position/s
^&J 2 correspondent
9 pS / J stone, stones
9< attack
9 /$4M deportation
^&Q intervention, interference
^& J M occupation
T
d /A young man
124
/ need
H$ condolences
9 J mourning
&
, G> / p / B letter/s
C
J 2p9C
J 2 settler/s
GB Z p 9K+B Z refugee/s
9gDPQ reduction
9v/ PJ D M opening
^& • 2 official
1. scandal
1N case, issue, matter
9] backing away
S ? return
9 unification
2 t fine
^& 2 financing
9 D. delegate
9TU 2 coach
C4 championship
/ 6 Asia
<H to defeat, conquer
125
&
' to dissolve, solve
&
\C'? to suspend
W Dt\ to close
C_ to fall
o' \ to emphasize
oD to deny
H/. to win
r to keep coming
5 X to spend
&
\ JN to be murdered
)'P to execute
]CN to cut off
5AoD M to be exposed
&
\ _ ?M to arrest
r2 to fire at
<'C to crash
{N/ to discuss
TQ D M to elect
/2 /C as long as
126
Grammar ! +2 "
Hollow Verbs are those verbs in which the second consonant of the root is a long vowel as in:
X@ U% BE
This category of verbs is divided into three groups according to the way in which the vowel
changes.
1. The first group is:
&
, _ p&
\ /N pppp
The middle short vowel of the present form is p
,
2. The next group is:
p / R pppp
>
3. The third group is:
</ p </ pppp

\
Remember that these changes are required when you change the hollow verb from past to
present.
In the past form of the verb, the long vowel does not appear except for the third person singular
(m. & f.) and third person plural (m. only). It also shows in the third person dual (m. & f.)
1. The following is the conjugation of the verb &
\ /N to both singular and plural pronouns, for
both past and present tenses.
6 , 76 - 76 /. .
0D N 0
J DN 0D N D0 /N &
\ /N +1/2
127
&
, N _ &
, _ &
, _ &
, _ 3 /12
0 1 *+ *+ 1 .0 .0
/ DN DN < DN DN /N +1/2
&
, _ D_ _ D_ _ 3 /12
2. The following is the conjugation of the verb 3/4 to both singular and plural pronouns, for
both past and present tenses.
6 , 76 - 76 /. .
0$B4 0
J $B4 0$B4 D0?/4 3/4 +1/2
]4 $4 ]4 ]4 ]4 3 /12
0 1 *+ *+ 1 .0 .0
/ $B4 $B4 < $B4 $B4 ?/4 +1/2
]4 $B4 $4 $B4 $4 3 /12
3. The following is the conjugation of the verb </ to both singular and plural pronouns, for both
past and present tenses.
6 , 76 - 76 /. .
02J 0
J 2J 02J D02/ </ +1/2
</ \ 2/ </ </ </ 3 /12
0 1 *+ *+ 1 .0 .0
/ 2J 2J < 2J 2J 2/ +1/2
</ 2 2/ 2 2/ 3 /12
128
Drill # 1 & ( *
Drill # 2 / 2 ( *
/o r M U N $J GB † 2J 9 ? &
\X
T4 o Z /24
2Q
J J - 0 /XJ 5X_ T ?/ 2 T
)J PD ' 5
J DN ]2 ! U J 2o 2 N /o
This sentence says that the person got:
a. a year in absentia
b. a year on probation
c. a year of hard labor
/ ?0
[ /C &
, /o
: ; / DQ &
, 1D.
0
J /N $ {JN/ 0 2J \ )hP T l DN ]U 1
7@
> ? 9 /?
You would use this expression when you:
a. express sympathy
b. accept an invitation
c. none of the above
@/ D0 l' \ + $ Z ) :
B 2\ <B 0
J /j $4 /! GJ / ]1 /o
129
T
B J /2 t / DQk
^! 0 ! 1/PJ D M T ! ?/ 2
One of the following statements is false vis-à-vis the Hollow Verbs.
Which one?
a. They begin with a long vowel.
b. The long vowel is in the medial position.
c. Mostly, the long vowel changes in the present tense.
7J 2 o r ? /$ \ v
B /4X J G> +. J 1_ ?/ N
:@/ \ @>) r $2
9 X2 0 1. T 2 t
5 X O 9 DCN O 9
One of the following cannot be made of all these materials. Which?
9K )J 0 9f 2N T 9/ .
T
; J /2 tW
J $J +. ]B 1 ? B 2- :
B J 2 N /o f
The medial long vowel of the sentence's hollow verb will change to the vowel in option
...... if the verb tense is changed to present.
R 0 T
&
> Y ' ]D 2 0
J 4 < " /$4k f
B /QDA- &
, /_J ?M g
:@/ \ +$ )
1/PJ D M 0 2 t T )J P ' 5DN
130
+
U 4 $ 0 /! C DN T Ka )J
; "A D)D 2 d 2J 2
T
B J /2 t / DQk\
?/ 2 0 5X_ T /XJ
T
B 4 4B /C2 0/C Y D0_ Dt\
T
B J /2 t / DQk\
J J PX/$ 0 R
U o $ T
B _J D k T W
J P HB .
J 2 J? M
: ; / DQ &
, 1D.\
[ G/? p DP 0 G/? „ DP T ! G/? p J DP
&
> J k {
B r? S / J &
, /P%DC- +2
: ?i /
g
B /" k +. KJ / h W
h
g
B 4- 0
J 4 +. [ 1. T
J 4 J P' 1 +. 0
J /j' 0
131
T
B D_D k /4DQ TJ / - J 2 o' \
What is the antonym of the sentence's verb?
&
\ _ ?M 0 C_ T rP
SJ G/'C J J / T
B 4 4B g
B 4- 0
J 4 r? r
: ; / DQ &
, 1D.\
 /
JU J PJX/$ T
B 4 4B lJ 2U , ]2 &
, DPC
h </ f
The hollow verb of this sentence, </ , will change to ............. if we change the tense
from past to present.
< 0 < T </
&
> J - 0
J /C ]2 9 B /$ 2 l' - J _ 2J ! T $ &
\ N g
a. was a collaborator
b. was a revolutionary
c. was a member of the regime party
/! ? 4 , _ B 2- 0 N D0 X/
:/"' + $ )
G/ I 0
J /N $ D0P
W C
I 3B A
' D0_ Dt\ T
+ /U ]1 D0AN/ 0
132
&
> J k 0
J N r? 2 &
, /PDC- /o
: ; / DQ &
, 1D.\
J - 0 Y T S / J
:
B 2 < G k 0 G> /'C D0PXN
:T
B J/2 t / DQk\
J $2 SJ X K/ D \
+
U o' &
> /4' T
| _ ]B NJ 2 g$4 0
KJ / h W
J _ ? 9] J 2on 2 N M S\ 2 D0 /N
This woman seems that she:
a. protests the Supreme Court decision
b. supports the Supreme Court decision
c. hasn’t heard of the Supreme Court decision
l 4 J 1/PJ D k G> /N &

> J k 0/C
: ; / DQ &
, 1.\
D0)P „ D0PAoD M 0 D02 „ D0 _ ?M T D0 C
' ? „ D02'C
Drill # 3: :3 2 ( *
a. Vowel the following: :J / &

>2 +. 0
J /2 o Q
J \ +oU m @U
*g/" k 1N +. / $ 2o 2 <Do /2
133
* DA2 /o 2 K+A R84
: _ +. $2 S X $4 0 /j' 0
*0 $4 & J k 0/C 0 $4\ fDQA <o
b. Change the verbs to the present tense:
73
B B /12 B 2H J X r M / &
\2 +U m %&U
/"J N r ? 9g DP2 &
> Y ' ]D 2 M S\ 2 D0 /N
| DQ, [ 2 rM / <" 4 2J 2 <j$2 3/4
B G> H +. R o $ T _J D k D0 ?/ /o 2 M /N J 2\
T
B 2J S[ 4o [ /XJ DN 0
[ ?/ 2B4 T
B _J D k 2 o D0H/.
&
> J k 1
J S[ 4o 0
[ /j +. :/' /
J J PJX/$ 2J 5>G/Q l' -
\ lJ 2U , ]2 &
, DPC
h </
c. Rearrange the following words to make good sentences:
:[ X&
F2 B o>J / 0
J /2Jo T R ?\ m ?
J\
J /XJ DNk J 1. J o J DAk /4DQ :

B G ]2 / N J 2 o SJ H
R &
> XP> l DA 9TJ / 2 R) _J ?\ 5
J X f 2_ \
0
J /C +. 0
J /$J2/ J P' 1 D0 /N &
> J k J 4 5 X
Y D0_ Dt\ M
o :
B 2\ $4 B 2- ]1 0
J /j /! GJ / Y j Z ) r $2
@
J $2 )hP , 0 @
J $2 5J DQ\ T @
J $2 WJP' \
]2 9 B /$ 2 ^& l' \ _J $
: ; / DQ &
, 1D.\
&
> J k 0
J /C 0 J G/ I 0
J /N $ T J $2 S X
c
B /?Hk r ? 5J / \ W
J P T
B U 2> &
\ /N
Mr. Walid is sorry for:
a. coming late
b. talking loudly
c. bothering someone
/4 T
B +. GB Z < D o %&
: XDN\ /
D\ 0 < D\ T <
*J _ /XJ < 2Do\ %& {

B G> /N &
\ 8\
The pronoun suffixed to the verb is:
a. a subject pronoun
b. an object pronoun
c. a possessive pronoun
r? S / J 2 &
, /PDC- /o
: T
B J /2 t / DQk
B 2- 0
J N 0 • 2 T T
B 5
J DN
135
/! 4 D_ &
> ' 5X 0
J G> /'C 5XN \ 4
Which of the following words is the synonym of the one between parentheses, even
though you need to change the order of the words?
!_ _ 0 ; 2J /4 T +
r M T D) \ c/ 7S! 8\ . J C A
I T
B Do2 </2 &
, C_
: T
B J /2 t / DQk\
SJ / $ 0 rPDA 2 T B U
v
B /4X +. 0 G> /'C D0PXN f
Which of the following options cannot replace the phrase that is between parentheses?
: T
B J /2 t / DQk\
J $2 SJ X $4
| _ ]B NJ 2 g$4 T
+ o' &
> /4' ]2 0
; oJ n22 t v/ PJ D k u. /" / 2 o U Z /2 /C g
The word between parentheses means:
a. as long as
b. it is probably true
c. one can conclude that
+
U o J DAk <B /jh +. o 4 \ KJ H :G &
\ /N
The prime minister is talking about:
a. the Islamic system
b. the socialist system
c. the capitalist system
136
/ 6 ‡4 +
Y N $J /'C D0PXN
:@/ o \ '\
/! / PJ D 0 // 1 T TJ /
/ ?0
[ /C &
, /o
You want to say, "wasting his time."
: ; / DQ &
, 1D.\
0
J /N $ {JN/ 0 2J \ )hP T 0DN ]U 1
* - $4 5
J DJ > @/ %&
; / DQ &
, 1D.\
/ 0 S ? T 9
3
BB A
' +. B 2- 0
J N \ + NU X
i /
137
l$ 2 0 @
J $2 T @$ 2
O /$4k 0
J 4 < " f
B /QDA- &
, /_J ? >&Y ' ]D 2
N ? /" LJ ) &
Io
J 1/PJ D k/4 0 J2 /4 T )J PD ' 0
J DN 4B
* J 1/PJ D k ? /o %& f
; / DQ &
, 1D.\
/! 4 t p l 0 T
; t„l T 9T t „ lJ J
SJ G> /'C J J / T
B 4 4B g
B 4- 0
J 4 r? r g
; / DQ &
, 1D.\
 /
KJ / h W
J _ ? 9] / $ J 2o 2 N \+ /
; / DQ &
, 1D.\
&
,Ch$ 0 <hC T _J $
J ' J J -
\ gDPQ • 2 {JN/
The officials are discussing the .......... of nuclear weapons.
a. control
b. reduction
c. elimination
*BT _J D k ?R
Y on $ G> /_ <o 4DQ\ %&
138
X
J DN / \
< D\ 0 < T 0D \
v/4X ) S G> /'C D02'C OJ5 y

\ >
+ m T4 o /24
U PJX $ \ 0 U ' J -\ T R on $ H '\
0
J G> /'C <IC O ' J -\ OJ0 G> /'C 5XN
All of the above are terrible. Which one is the most deadly?
0
J G> /'C 5XN
' J -\ T
0
J G> /'C <IC 0
139
9 /$4M 9< 9 G> /N ?/ 2 9 J

^&Q
I 9 $4 I 9 X2
T
B 5DN J $2 S X &
> Y ' ]D 2
0
J 4 < " U PJX/? 1DQ- C
I Q\
&
> J k 0/C C - W A
' \ 4 P' 1 \ J H$' &
, G> /
T
U /'A &
\ D_2 J 2 o' \
[ 4 ? [ N r? C
J 2 <
J2 o r ? J H$' &
, G> / r
/ 6 J CB44B :
B 2\ ! /! G ! t /2 4 TJQ D
*J 4 J P' 1 +. 4$'A 1/PJ D k D0 4 r 2
&
> J k {
B r? S / J 2 &
, /PDC- /o
J 4 $ SJ r ? oh •\ R
U o $ T
B J_D k G> /N
J $2 SJ X $4 SJ 4o 0
J /j' +. :/' @ /A
&
> J k 0 ! 4$X :
B /' S/ o \ ]B N' 2 2J
F
140
Unit # 7 #H% &'( ) *+ "
0 & ( 0
& # " #
0 (1
! N /4$ + ' \ $DA\ R /.

*0D 2J ? )/2 2?
+4/ X\ J \ ]2 :
B 2\ :J ' S o 04J$ R /.
*@J /4J /X | M @B4/ X\ J \ ]2 2?
+4/ X\ J \ ]2 b
> Z R /.
7+h ? @J /oY @ +PQ 0 4 0D 2?
*[0/oY ; \ R /.
*H/. 2 K+A Z OK+A Z 2?
141
/! $4C O R /.
*)/ , / O "B LJ )J :B /2 0 4 r 2 2?
; 2H )D 2 "B LJ )J :B /2, 0 4 R /.
*0 / J q 0 4/N /2 2?
7&
F C ; 2H )D 2 /"'8\ o $DA\ b
> <$ R /.
:J ' S o T$D 5 o @D 2'? + + 2?
9` X ) R /.
) +. 2 | " @' _J ? 0D o 2?
| DQ, J 4B 2J K/NJ X R D ?
J /o /! 2/2 R /.
X
Y ]B4 C
' /4 < D o 2?
X
Y ]B4 C
' &
, /4 /'o R /.
*i )/2 2?
B 2H ]2 B / D k 0/ J R /.
SJ 1 /4 : 2?
*X
J D_ )/2 R /.
142
B 2H ]2 D0 /2 S J J + / 2?
*B 2H ]2 D0 /2 + "B LJ) + /2 R /.
SK _J \ 2?
*J0' 2 <\ f
B X_ <\ T
B o SK NJ R /.
/"J? \ &
Io 2?
75'_ 2 0D + $ R /.
&
>/ B N r? 2?
! $JA T Do 0D o @' \ S! 2 + 0D N R /.
B DA' > : oJ O!/ / \ 2?
*Z )/2> R /.
f
d /Q R $JA 2?
 2 R /.
J_ 2 J 2 +. 0D o /2 ! o ! $JA 04 o 2?
* $hA T
Y J 0 4 r 2 R /.
J G J 4k J 2 +. / $hA T
Y J , 0% 4 2?
J I 8 OB]NJ +. 2?
* / J @ D?
J /2 R /.
/"J /22 r ? ! J /N 0 oJ O| DQ, J + 2?
*/"J /22 r ? ! J /N 0 )/2> R /.
lo 2\ Z &
F /2 r M c/ /"' - 2?
143
S XN S X4 $ \ R /.
S XN S X4 $ \ O!/2/2 2?
* / "B LJ )J + /2 + 4B DQ \ oJ 2 %& R /.
c
B B /Q r M .J / , \ T
Y J, 2?
* .J / \ \ R /.
0 4 ^&/4B /" . S[ $4 [ 4B r M .J / , \ , 2?
./X /",G/2 K 1Q /"1 \ R /.
! B /4 : ! / : ^&J $2 /" D_C 2?
) D) <"2/$C 4U C /" \ R /.
LJ P K/ D \ <'$ / D k\ 2 P 2?
<J J /_ J 4 &
> \0
J /? g$4 <'$ /! $4C R /.
<B"J /1 <B"Q
J B / <"J g$4 <'$ 2?
+1/2 +. /o /2 D 2J /! $J 22 P /? /2 OJ5 y
\ > R /.
*X
J D_ )/2 2?
C
J /Q2 /! / \ O0 _$ S o&
, oJ /A2 @/ R /.
@ XN <"D.\ Z 2?
0/_ /12 , 4 +
d 4 ? @' \ .B $ /2 D ? R /.
W_ ' 0
J / DPJ k { P' @'A X
J D_ 2?
Dx M SJ / HU T4 5B $ 2 &
, 4B /_ 2 T D) \ R /.
@>) r ? <"2 \ Z / O[ XB4 7&
h )I /4 $DA @ $ 2?
7/ D0H / U 1_ \ *s<"2 \ Zs X
J D_ )/2 R /.
144
*>& 4_ ) 2J 9K+A @ i %& 2?
/ /2 \ +. S G> /'C D0P'N D C 2J !/$B 0D o /2 D ?
J R /.
*S G> /'C D0P'N [ 2 J +. 2?
+ $ 2 +C A
I oJ O! ?/ &
\ HB D \ \ 0 \ 0 PoD . +. R /.
*DC_. 0D \ 2?
9 XN 5IN ' \J 4B T
B $ .J / 2 &
'o]2 +
YC A
I Z R /.
* HB D \T
B $ B > `J2 2?
SJ G> /'C +. / _4 O H HB D \ 4 \ )'\ R /.
0
J K k LJ )J T4 i
J J 2J 5 Q ) \ oJ 2 2?
T
B $ _ /12 + CD_I \ XD $ @>) D51
J \ oJ O/ P DQ /2 R /.
*5 A <>/ / _J X XJN 0$J2 %& oJ 7@$2 W
I \ 2?
*l XJN + /2 Z R /.
C
J /4U +. &
, 2$ R) l Q\ SJ / H> ./ <>/ 2?
*l i )/2 R /.
7l . T
; t 2 t 9fDQA l' M B /C2 +. l /N 2?
*T4 /2 J 4B &
, Q lJ ? 93 22 + $ R /.
2 o /" . _ D S! XN A l' \ O<B"J B T T4 \ 2?
7<>/ / 9 o 2J R /.
SJ X_ /4 N ? l : <>/ \ @J 12 K+'A 2?
/U L Do $hA T Do Z <>/ \ 5B ?\ R /.
l 2 o /" . _J D OB 2 2J S X_ \ 2?
145
+
d 2 SJ X_ TJ /X OdR <>/ / _ X R /.
B k 4 WU P Z 4B D 2 C A
I 2?
C
J /4U +. L/Q\ H r' l2 M U \ <>/ c/ )M R /.
7 /2 - C A
I < 0D \ 2?
7 $2 \ <B" ? b
> $ R /.
Questions about the text 8

a. Answer the following questions: J / J G> - ? +4 \ m TB \
*:J ' S o R /. <'? R) 2
* X- R /. 0/ + /2
*JlG> /NJ X ]2 &
, /4 R /. /o )/2
*J _ 2 J 2 +. T Do 2? /o )/2
*B 2H ]2 D0 /2 + 2? J + /2
*B P J :B /2 2? ] C Z )/2>
*0 PoD . B /C2 +. SJ G> /'C +. R /P i )/2
&
> HI 2J .J / 2 &
'o+
YC A
I ] 2 %&
*5 A <>/ > 4B D 2 C A
I D0 /N )/2 f
*BTB D 2 SJ / H 2J 5 A < / ]B D 2> B _ T4 /2 g
b. 2 J 4/ oJ R ?\ m ?
J \ *^8CQ <\ 9T X
/U $hA T
Y J Z + /2 5 A <>/
146
T
B $ > J 4B D 2 0
J /C Y 0
J /_ /12 2J 9~?
J HD 2 R /.
<"$ 2 + /2D - ?
J /'A -
\ T $ .J / 2 &
\ H /2
0
J _$' ! 2 T
B /4'A J 2 +. R /. $JA /o
! Q\ Z
' M r_ 2 | " R /. \ 2? ]J2 /2 f
<B _ S o TJ$ l' -
\ /! 4$D 2 R /. /o g
Functional Expression " # $"

K+A Z OK+A Z No thing, no thing.
J_ 2 2 teenage stage
B / D k 0/ J Man’s hobbies change.
B X
Y ]B 4B C
' ]2 stamps & pictures collecting
SJ 1 /4 : not necessarily so
*Z )/2> Why not?
<B +. /! $JN 0 o /2 When you were (falling) in love
S XN S X4 $\ One cannot get all what one wants.
2 P Travel is like (going) to school.
/! $J 22 P /? /2 Travel is no long a joy (to do)
147
C
J /Q2 0 _$ &
, oJ /A2 problems, complications & dangers
@ XN <"D.\ Z I don’t understand your intention.
0/_ /12 , 4 +
d 4 ? @' \ .B $ /2 D ? Harassments begin when
they realize that you are an Arab.

W_ ' 0 / DPJ k { P' @'A suspicion, search, questioning &
investigation
7&
h )I /4 $DA @ $ They make feel humiliated!
@>) r ? <"2 \ Z O[ XB4 Frankly, I do not blame them for that.
7/ D0H / U 1_ \ The matter has gone past its limits.
&
> 4_ ) 2J something like that
XD $ @>) D51
J \ Add to that racism.
T
B $ _ /12 + CD_I \ The point is harassing Arabs.
7l . T
; t 2 t 9fDQA a persona non grata!
<B"J T T4 \ the reason according to their account
\ @J 12 K+'A The funny thing is that ……..
7 $2 \ <B" ? b
> $ May Allah’s curse falls upon them!
Vocabulary List
W P she/you (m) discriminate
< she/you (m) blame
&
, /4 she/you (m) exchange
L Do she/you (m) hate
148
| " she/you (m) like, love
T
Y J she/you (m) like, love
+PDQ she/you (m) hide
&
, HB D \ I go down, descend
_J ?\ I believe, think
$DA\ I feel
:
Y \ I sense, feel
5'N to stop
<'? to teach
&
\ 4/N to meet, encounter
A to publish
$ to curse
_ DM to criticize
&
\$ to start (followed by another verb)
0 4 I began
04J$ I played
9T/ oJ p 9T o book/s
SK NJ reading
S Xp9 X picture/s
2 correspondence, writing to pen pals
r_ 2 music
149
/4J swimming
9P travel
J hobby
XJN p 9fXN story/ies
' 2 magazine
/4$ tired, exhausted
9 8 influence, effect
Dx M etc.
9< t infatuation, love
?
J /A2 feelings
5 Q fear
dJ p9 secret/s
/22 practice
2 translation, expression
9 $JA poetry
9<J /. understanding
9@J 12 funny
5
[ /X clear
^&J $2 moderate
9TU C fine
9 XN short
150
W_ investigation
_ /12 harassment, bothering
0 _$ complications
{ DP search
9K M procedure
&
…) humiliation
9 / DPJ M questioning
S /1 civilization
x / history
9 D_ p /_ tradition/s
S /? custom, habit
9K/2 sky
S 4 lake
9@Y move
9 CQ p C
J /Q2 danger/s
CD_ point
^& \ people of, family
Z
'M except for
! X\ originally
SJ -
, m J G> /$ D.\ family members
d p9 \\ grandfather/s
151
S grandmother
4M O 0D 4B daughter
S > O <d , mother
9 > O 9T\ father
^&/Q p ^& Q\ maternal uncle/s
<d ? p 9</2?\ paternal uncle/
-
\\ the colors
1DQ\ m K 1Q green (m) / (f)
\mK black
W H\ m K/N H blue
g 4\ O K/1 4 white
K 2 mK 2 red
+
d /_ 4 m /_ 4 orange
+
d ?m ? honey
+
d 4 m h4 brown
PX\ m K DPX yellow
Grammar 6
Assimilated Verbs in Arabic is a group of verbs which usually have a weak semi-vowel
in initial position. This semi-vowel is commonly as in:
to fall, to occur ]N , to find ,&

\X to arrive
152
In the present tense of this category of verbs, the semi-vowel is fully assimilated, and
thus the verbs mentioned above would take the following forms.
$_ „ $N B „0
J &
,XJ „&
\X

The following is the conjugation of the Arabic Assimilated Verb
&
\X p& - &
, $2 &
, $P to both singular and plural pronouns, for both past and
present tenses.
, - /. . 0 9
0D X 0
J DX 0D X D0 X &
\X /9 + :- ()
&
,XJ \ X
J &
,XJ &
,XJ &
,XJ ; 90 + :- ()
0 1 *+ *+ 1 .0 . 4 < 9
/ DX DX < DX DX X /9 + :- ()
&
,XJ X
J X
J DX
J X
J ; 90 + :- ()
Drill #1 & ( *
153
Drill # 2 / 2 ( *
J2 o T
B 4 4B 4 /" G> /? D0o
T
B J /2 t / DQk
0
J K M 0 0
J /_ /12 T 0
J / J
0
J _$' T
B 4 4B c H Z +_ X
The sentence implies that this man is unmarried because:
a. he hates responsibilities, in general
b. has not met the right person
c. none of the above
J 2 +. $hA ) + _ X D04 o
TJ / 2 / DQk
J_ 2 0 J /4U T J 2
0
J /1 x
B / SK NJ | " + / 0D 4B
J2 &
> $JP> 5J 2 &
, $JP
T
Y J 0 _J D T WU P
&
>/ B N r ? 5'_ 2 &
> 2$ +. + 2H
The phrase in parentheses means:
a. at least b. certainly c. within limits
/o )D 2 r_ 2 + M
154
TJ / 2 / DQk
^&DPC
J „l J 0 ! DPC
J „l J T ! DPC
J „l J
)J PD ' 5
J DN ]2 ! U J 2o 2 N /o
The sentence implies that the person got
a. a year in absentia
b. a year on probation
c. a year of hard labor
J U J PJX/$ T
B 4 4B lJ 2U , ]2 </ &
, PhC
J2 &
> $JP> 3
B B /12 X
</ 0 < T <
; "A &
\ 4N : /4 / H /2 0
J /_ /12 2J ; oB4 / $A f
You need to change the adverb that is between parentheses.
T
B J /2 t / DQk
/2 4 0 q T /2 D ?
J
/! 2>G J 2 LJ )J +. :D_C
' g
T
B J /2 t / DQk
^&J $2 0 9U 2 T 9]J 22
:/' <B R) nU / Dk
TJ / 2 / DQk
{ DP 0 0
J K M T ?
J /A2
155
T
B _J D k $4 :G YP X
TJ / 2 / DQk
2'$ 0 2/ T 4/N
S XN S X4 $\
An Arab would use this expression if she/he is:
a. able to get what she/he wants
b. unable to get what she/he wants
c. indifferent to things around her/him
One of the following statements is false vis-à-vis Assimilated

Verbs in Arabic. Which?
a. They begin with a semi-long vowel.
b. The semi-long vowel is in medial position.
c. The semi-long vowel changes in present tense.
7@
J2 \Z
You would say this expression to someone in case you wanted to tell her:
a. I don't blame you
b. I feel bad for you
c. I hold you responsible
T
B $ ? o 5B $ J $J2/ :G
T
B J /2 t / DQk
<J J /_ „ 0
J /?
<J B $JA „ T
B \ T
<B"J _n$ „ B C
J /Q2 0
lJ J /oY L \ +PDQ &

, \4
156
@/ )M
CD 0 PJX/? T oJ DA2
3
; 4 , $4 /2? 2J SJ G> /'C /4 /"_ X &
,XJ
One of the following words cannot describe the verb of the sentence. Which one?
a. hollow
b. present
c. assimilated
KJ / h W
J _ ? 9] J 2o 2 N M J o +. + 2H D0 /N f
If you want to change the tense of the verb from past to present, the medial vowel of
that verb will be:
R 0 T
S oBP C
J /Q2 \ _J $ &
, /? /2 g
This sentence implies that this man:
a. is talking about travelling again
b. thinks that travelling is unwise now
c. has a paranoia concerning travelling
0
J ' 2 T
B o SK NJ L Do /" 4 M S\ 2 D0 /N
0
J ' 2 T
B o SK NJ Z \ @>) r $2
5'N 0 &
, /4 T T
Y J
&
F _$2 t 9K+A ) OR 4 +. / \ n4 0 $A
T
B J /2 t / DQk
B 2- 0 SJ /$ T &
h )I
157
J 2J J ? J DP +. /" 4/N /2 D ?
J /"J2 t +. ]N
l' \ @>) r $2
/"4 \ 0 / _ DM T /" B o
lJ . T
; t 2 t 9fDQA @'
> M 2 o &
\ _ \ /!oJ 12 ! 2\ /o
The sentence says that I found the regime's decision:
a. funny
b. unfair
c. strange
T
B 4 4B J 4 +. 0
J /C2 ] 2 0/C Y D0_ Dt\
T
B J /2 t / DQk
J> ' J PJX/$ 0 W
J P HB . T R
U o $ T
B _J D k
Drill # 3 3 2 ( *
a. / &
\2 +oU m @U
_ 2 2 +. + &/PDCy> fXN T oJ 0\ 4
:J +. l . T t 2 t fDQA /"' \ 5B ?\ 0D o /2
0/4B W _ 4 WU P Z R) / Dk + ?
JH
S T _J D - 2 o 0 K M _J D \ / _h 2J
b. 3
B B /12 J X
J rM /' &
\2 +U m %&U
lJ /$o v
B /4X +. 5
J D 2 J 4 oJ 2 r M &
\X
./X K/2 &
\ J $2 :D_C
' T
Y J l' M &
\ /N
l J LJ )J ". O[0/?/ > D 3
B B A +. /
158
sS XN S X4 $ \s /" ? /! 4 Do2 ! .J Z
c. [2 &
F 2 B Do > 0
J /2Jo T R ?\ m ?
J\
5C _J ?\ 0
J /C2 _ /12 +. \ 9K+A Z :
B /'
/ _J X &
> Q 0/C Y / $J2 lD $ 2 R) 2J J 4 XJN
J 2 9T' C /4 J G J 4k +. < /o ]B4 C
'
Drill # 4 4$ 1 ( *
*Jl . T
; t 2 t 9fDQA l' \ X
J D_ %&
Which of the following reflects the reality of this sentence?
a. he is liked
b. he is not liked
c. he is well-liked
0 G> /'C /4 P L Do /" H M + / D0 /N

J2 &
> $JP> :Jo/$2 &
, $JP \
5'N 0 &
, /4 T T
Y J
NBP C
J /Q2 \ _J $ &
, /? /2
The sentence implies that this man:
a. is talking about travelling again
b. believes that travelling is wise these days
c. has developed a paranoia concerning travelling
2J /! 4 N /! 4 R DA
T
B J /2 t / DQk\
159
&
>4 0 KJ /2 T SJ 4
-
, / H /2 D ?
J 0
[ /_ /12 J 8\4B / $A /2
5J 2 5 j
' ˆ
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LJ J 2 J ? +. + /Q> ! To 0
J ' 2 LJ )J R DA
TJ
> /2 &
>?J /P 21
0 T 0D \
&
F C ; 2H )D 2 ]B4 C
' K/NJ X\- KJ Z•
T
B J/2 t / DQk\
&
\ /4 0 /4 T /4
J 4 Do2 2J /! 4 N L/ %8 0 4 ]_
TJ
> /2 &
>X 21
R) 0 ) T +
*9 4o ^& 2 lJ . / D o\ R) <$DC2 \ _J $ %& f

T
B J /2 t&
>?J /P 21
0 0D \ T
/" SJ 2J 2 T
B 4 4B l H lD o g
160
TJ / 2 / DQk\
lJ J /_ /12 0 lJ J JK M T lJ J / J
lJ . T
; t 2 t 9fDQA /"' M 0/C Y &
\ _ \ /! G A /o
T
B J/2 t / DQk\
/!oJ 12 0 /! 4 t T /! P C
/"B H ? /"J /oY / +PDQ D0% 4 + _ X \ 5

J J %•2 2J
@/ )M
/_ 0 0 /? T oJ DA2
*<oJ 4 2J 4 N @ DQ, /"D DA + _' A

' %&
/2 @
J I2' 21
<D „ 0 0 0D „ < D T + „ 0D
/! 2>G J o 2- +G J ZB +. :D_C
' \
+ 4J / 2 PUX ˆ
5
[ /X 0 ^&J $2 T 9 XN
J /"J2? +. lD 4/N /2 D ?
J lJ 2J t +. D0$N
J2 &
> $JP> :Jo/$2 &
, $JP \
lD 2'? 0 lD _ D M T lD B o
161
/! $ 4C $IA @>) /o OR 4 +. / \ 0 $A
T
B J /2 t / DQk\
B 2\-/4 0 &
h )I /4 T SJ /$ /4
< D 4 r M WDA2J 2J ! /" G> /? J./

S -
, @D J .J / )M
SJ / /4 0 SJ G> /'C /4 T B /CJ_ /4
t 9 2\ J 2 o /_J D -
\ J4 &
> Q 2J 0/C Y + D$ 2
+ 4J / 2 PUX \
&
F _$2 0 +
E _JCD 2 T &
F 4D_2
J2 _ 0
J /1 ? ; 2J /4 \ D_ \l J f
J2 _ 0
J /1 ? ; 2J /4 \ D_ \ l' \ @>) r $2
&
,1U P 0 L Do T <h$
c H \ +U2? Z )/2> 5B $ Z + g
J G J2 &
> $JP> 5J 2 &
, $JP \
<h$ 0 <$ T &
, 2$
J X/Q LJ B ?
J /A2> ! 2 L $JA /o 0
J DN @>) +.
Which of the following is the closest paraphrasing of the phrase in parentheses?
a. at that time
b. in the old days
c. in ancient poetry
162
?J /P 21
0D 0 / T +
J2 o B \&
' o 5B $ l' \ < _ R / Y j
J G J2 &
> $JP> 5J 2 &
, $JP \
&
,XJ 0 :B /2 T _J $
7 $2 \ <B" ? b
> $ O<"D ? ]2 \ \ T
Y J,Z
If you hear someone says this expression, you will have the impression that she/he is:
a. mad
b. happy
c. reserved
LJ B / / B N r? ]B 4B C
' ]2
4 t 0/oY 0
J ' 2 SK NJ 0
J DN @>) +.
2 k S /1 \ J_ 2 2 &
> /PDC-
\ fXN
S XN S X4 $\
/!$J 22 /? /2 P \ X
J DN\ 0D o
0
J /4B W
J _ 4 WU P Z ^& )
lJ . T
; t 2 t 9fDQA l' \ X
J D_ D0 /o /2
/" / J J2 o 0
J K M _J D \ / _h 2J
./X K/2 Z
! J $2 :D_C
' /o OB]NJ +.
J_ 2 J 2 +. J X/Q LJ B ?
J /A2> 2 L $JA
J2 _ 0
J /1 ? ; 2J /4 \ _ \ +_ X J
J I B %8 4B < _ +4 $ $hA T
Y J , 0 HB /2
164
Unit # 8 I !
2 3 " 3 !
! 4 * ($ (" (,
" 3 ( # ,
* D45o 0 .
/! 2>G $>G> +2/ +2/
/"D ? 2 0/ oJ) + 0 .
/" . o 9K/NJ X @ D ?
J +2/
s: • 4\s 3
B B /A +. o\ \ r' 2 \ /! / \ O5B $ 0 .
@/ / 4 ) /2'o @ o' ) +2/
&
, 1P2 +?B /A 0 .
W $ T DA \ $ 4 s 5 ‰ 2 s @2 &
, o8 0D o i +2/
! o + 4B $ J / > ^& 2 s: • 4\s 3B /A 0 .
165
R ' 0
J /2 U 0
J /4 <B ?
J /C2 3B /A 7@
EAB 4B +2/
*@/ [ $2 &
h o K/ 2 $J2 < D HB /2 0 .
7fP_ Q .\ H ) ? /2 O!/$4C +2/
*;fPN R\ *,& _ )/2 0 .
c
B H fPN Q +2/
*<Jj/o OB 2 / _J X &
, / 5 o 7L6 0 .
/"AJN/ P P , D_ &
\ H /2 +2/
K/A Z <\ K/A Ka O;fDQA &
h o ]2 0 .
9 o 2J 9 2T
d /A O! _ _ +2/
7lJ J N/C 2J Do\ l2 \ 0 .
BP ? <'o \T
Y J /! 2>G /o +2/
!H4Q &
\ o%8 r' ./o 9: . L D ?
J : .J / 5o 0 .
L/Q\ l2, &
, $ ^& N l4J +2/
*J 2 B P J D o +. L Q\ &
\ H /2\ ! 2J 2 /! 2 { $ <Jj/o 0 .
[ $4 c Q 9T 2 9 /' . rPCX2 +2/
<Jj/o G 2 5hPQ Oh&N\- r ? 79< j? 0 .
c
B B /Q > ./ 5X ) l/ 4\ OF&/ &
h o r ? +2/
*:JDP2 5'_ 2 ./ \ 0 .
/! $4C O/2 / \ +2/
7 Qq C D_ C D.M H r' 0 .
lJ J DP ? <B o /B4 / o O] /2 +2/
166
SJ DP LJ )J ? D0$J2 /"'o D4 \ 4 Z 0 .
[ ? )M C
' 2 <Jj/o J o8' /4 +2/
/" M $J2 \ ]B 2 r ? TB [ 2 H M [ ? )M C
' 2 0 .
*J 2 Y B / q WJC/ 2 H / 4 ) /2 D ?
J o' ) %& +2/
7/! 2 ! $JA +h /o /2 0 .
*aK/ t
J z X
Y @>) +U2 %& +2/
!B Do /o 0 .
oD \ J XDQAB4 9T $2 ! $J. Z +2/
; / D M 5XJ l[ M 5XJ ) oD \ M S C -
, &
, _ 0 .
/"J./.BH J +. S[ / . &
h o ]2 </ /o l' \ 5B $ \ +2/
7 oD \ &
> DPC
J 4B S[ / . &
Io&
\4 r' 0 .
*\&4B /4 / 6 / H /2 D ?
J o' ) %& +2/
7 / DA?
J J ">q 2 r D \ 5 o <$ 0 .
J 4/4 J ">q "DA\ D0 /o / DA?
J +2/
<"2j?\ &4 O< "DA\ D0 <Jj/o R +. + 0 .
x
B /' +. +
E /N 3
; U A2 &
\ \ +4 2 4$ +2/
/! U Q 8 R
E o ? [ G> /N <j?\ X D)Q 4 \ /! 1 \ <Jj/o R +. 0 .
*! t &
\ 4/_ \T
Y J r2 Q 8 W>G/_ LJ )J ". 9` X ) +2/
+ / \ Th , + . t 5hj , \ c/ \ OJ _ _ +. 0 .
*B "Ij $4 +_ D \@ /2 +2/
*9TJ / 2 @>) %& SJ ?/ \ 0 .
167
*C
' Q 5o +2/
g
B 4- 0
J 4 r M T D) Z
! 0 .
7g
B 4- 0
J 4 r M T D) +2/
g
B 4- 0
J 4 r M T D) <$ 0 .
:
B Gƒ B XN 2J TB D_ \ 93 22 / J 4B +. 7B HY > 9v DP2 +2/
5J DQ 1_ / J 4B +. <oJ 4B +. ) 0 .
7B 4o T
B X r M T D) @>) $4 0 .
*9T N / D 2J 5 D 2 %& +2/
+
U $ 4'C x
B /' 5 D 2 / D 2J \ J _CD 2J :
B DP +. /"Io 0 .
*| DQ, 5J / 2 @/ %& O9< j? +2/
i
J U P 5 D2 J C W
J G> / 5 D 2 KJ /1P 5 D 2 0 .
*@/ S 2 X\- B Y Q \ 9` X %& +2/
J C W
J G> / 5
J D 2 +. <$ 0 .
*9 $4 <\ 9T N P TX %& +2/
: ‰ o J / 4B 2J &
F 25
J XJ 2J &
I N\ S XN ./ 2 0 .
*: ‰ o / 4B H %& +2/
) &
'o H ]C / \ _J ?\ Z 0 .
 ! 2J /o /! 2 c/ 0 .
! B ! 4o o \ 4 Z +2/
168
S o K/ A\ lJ . /2' M ODC_. ! 4o : 0 .
KJ /1P B P cJ)/2 lJ . J /A, \ ]N \ +2/
0 G/'C x X KJ /1P P 0 .
*JK/ 2 +. &
, 2$ )/2 OTU C +2/
* C
J A
J T
B X J _CD 2J r M T D) @ /2 0 .
*@/ )/2 +2/
J / +. 5BH$ _ 2 W .J S! /? 0 .
* / c J _C 2J > T D) r 2 +2/
 /$ &
h o> / R DA TB l' - O<$ +2/
7B T
B /Ny> / 0 .
7/! N DCM ! U : 2 OB /XJ T
B 4 4B 9K+A W
J Y +. : oJ DA2 +2/
c
B B /Q > 9 \ .J / /2 D ?
J 0 .
/"J 4B ]B /2 D ?
J ?H O/ " j
J D ]2 +2/
7/ Y : . @ D ?
J o L/ $2 0 .
*DC_. Z gg &
> 4B `2 2 o +2/
! N v/ @o D 8 7@ ?
J/ b
, 0 .
169
J2 ]2 +2/

a. Answer the following questions:
*sfP_ Q ) s O&/N +2/ XN )/2
* \ 2J OrPCX2 c Q r2
*s o 2J s <Jj/o ? +2/ &
\ /N )/2>
J 2 Y B / q SJ / H> 4 ) /2 D ?
J &
, $DP <Jj/o /o )/2
*S C -
, @D J &
, _ )/2 oD SJ C , ? 0$J
> 2 %&
* "B .J /.H + / &
\ 4N 0
J / P ]2 </ oD /o T
; 4 R
U -
* X- +
U o 2- B Y Q J
*JK/ 2 +. 0 . +2/ &
, $DP )/2
*U+N $J :
B G B XN ? +2/ &
\ /N )/2 f
*U+N $J T
B $'A r ? B /XJ / 6 + /2 g
b. True or False. Please change the false statements to the correct form.
< /"JDoAB4 8CQ &

\2 +4 Do, m T o, *8CQ < 9T X
<Jj/o KJ / J 4 9T $2 +2/
9 $4 l' -
\ 5
J D 2 SJ / H> ! 2J /o /! 2 0 . v DNM
KJ /1P B P x
B X cJ)/2 +$ 4'C x
B /' 5
J D 2 +.
J P P SK NJ l4B $ <Jj/o
l / 5hj l . t Th +2/ c/
+ / <B +. <j/o 0 . +_
170
Functional Expression " # $"
5 ‰ 2 @2 grilled fish, the Iraqi style
@
E AB 4B no doubt
7fP_ Q .\ H ) Those who married and entered the cage!
K/A Z <\ K/A Ka Whether he likes it or not.
7lJ J N/C 2J Do\ l2 \ His dreams are more than his capacity!
!H4Q &
\ o%8 r' so that he can earn a living (has enough in
order to eat bread)
J 2 B P Do college of fine arts
5X ) l/ 4 he managed his situation this summer
:JDP2 5'_ 2 the penny less intellectual
C D_ C D.M Plato and Socrates
[ 2 H M [ ? )M C
' 2 a compulsory broadcasting station
7@ ?
J/ b
, May Allah help you!
7B 4o <U " ) r ? / ?
J/ b
, May Allah help us overcome this big worry
B /XJ T
B 4 4B because of the embargo
Vocabulary List
she, you (m) rest v/

she gets pregnant &
,4
she, you (m) play an instrument 5BH$
171
he gets upset &
, ?H
he discusses {JN/
he reduces (responsibility) 5hPQ
he supports (family) &
, $
I arrange Th ,
I clean, sweep 5hj ,
I wish, hope, like r' 2 \
to arrange, manage 4
to perish, wiped out @
we meet &
, 4/_
enough (m-f) ./o m 5
[ /o
poor (s-p) o/ 2J p 9 o 2J
admirer, interested in 9T $2
penniless 9:JDP2
educated, intellectual 5'_ 2
gifted 9T 2
preferred ^&1P2
on going, continuous d 2J 2
original +
d X\
drunk Do
salary, pay 9TJ
172
change, exchange ^&
worry-ies 9< 2 p <d
plan C
'QJ
god/s "B >6 „ 9l M
legend/s C/ \ p S C ,
cage 9fPN
Arak (hard local liquor) W ?
dream/s 9< \ „ 9<
constitution 9
copy Q
wedding 5/.BH
singing 9K/ t
J
energy, capacity, power N/C
trip, journey S DP
speech, talk 9< o
world, globe /
monument 9TX
open area, plaza /
model/s cJ)/2 p 9c) 2
meaning/s ; /$2 m r $2
visitor/s 9 H p 9 G> H
173
rocket/s x X p z /X
week days 3
B 4 -
, </ \
Friday $2
Saturday 04
Sunday -
\
Monday B D-
Tuesday K/ I
Wednesday K/$B4 -
Thursday : 2Q
except for ? /2
when (conjunction) /2
when (conjunction) i
whenever /2'o
sometimes /! /
never /! N DCM
the National Archive Museum J C W
J G> / 5 D2
the Natural History Museum +
U $ 4'C x
B /' 5 D 2
the Fine Art Museum i
J U P 5 D2
The Space Museum KJ /1P 5 D 2
the mall R
Y Ho 2 B HB /Q2 W Y
the broadcasting station J ? )k C
' 2
174
Grammar
1. Defective Verbs in Arabic are a category of verbs which end with a long vowel such as:
to meet +_
to walk rA2
to invite /?
to see, witness |
These verbs will take the following forms when changed to the present tense.
|„R r_D „ +_
Rp| +A2 „ rA2
p ? „ /?
|p| | „|
Notice that even in the past tense, the long vowel is reduced to a short one for:
D0A2 „ + A2 „ <
The long vowel is changed to the corresponding forms (displayed in the previous frame) for the
rest of the pronouns. Examples are:
you (f.s.) walked 0
J A2 p 0
J D\
I invited 0 ? „/\
2. You can create adverbs from the adjectives derived originally from time concepts by
changing the case from nominative p
^ to accusative ! as in the following:
daily /! 2 p +
d2
weekly /! ? 4 , p +
d? 4 ,
175
monthly /! "A p R
d "A
yearly, annually /! „R
d
The following are the conjugation charts of four Arabic defective verbs. They are conjugated to
singular and plural pronouns, for both past and present tenses.
to invite /?
,8 -6 /. . 0 8 9
0 ? 0
J ? 0 ? D0? /? +1/2 X
? ? ? ? ? 3 /12 X
- 1 *+ *-= 1. . 4 < 8 9
/ ? ? < ? ? ? +1/2 X
? ? ? ? ? 3 /12 X
to walk rA2
,8 -6 /. . 0 8 9
0 A2 0
J A2 0 A2 D0A2 rA2 +1/2 X
+A2 A2 +A2 +A2 +A2 3 /12 X
- 1 *+ *-= 1. . 4 < 8 9
/ A2 A2 < A2 A2 A2 +1/2 X
+A2 A2 A2J A2 A2 3 /12 X
176
to meet, encounter +_
,8 -6 /. . 0 8 9
0_ 0
J _ 0_ D0 _ +_ +1/2 X
r_D _D r_D r_D r_D 3 /12 X
- 1 *+ *-= 1. . 4 < 8 9
/ _ _ < _ _ _ +1/2 X
r_D _D _D _D _D 3 /12 X
to see, witness |
,8 -6 /. . 0 8 9
0 0
J 0 D0\ | +1/2 X
| | | | 3 /12 X
- 1 *+ *-= 1. . 4 < 8 9
/ < B +1/2 X
| 3 /12 X
Drill # 1 & ( *
177
Drill # 2 / 2 ( *
c
B H ? 2 @ D?
J O@2 Z/
T
B J /2 t / Qk
x X 0 9< T 0/ Do)J
0
J _$' LJ )J &
h oB4 Z
! DA2 < /$ /X O@$2 W
I \
B N 4 + J 2Jo 5J 2
/ Y 0 W PJ T cJ)/2'
/ / DAN/ 2 Y S C -
, LJ )J / N
B N 4 + J 2Jo 5J 2
">q 0 /_ T XJ_
+
U4 T
B - SK NJ T
Y J / Q /o
B N 4 + J 2Jo 5J 2
_J D 0 | " T WU P
K[ / 2 &
' o ?/ LJ )J +. _ 2 W PJ
TJ / 2 / DQk
+h 0 TB D_ T 5BH$
178
J 2 +. &
\ 2 $hA ) D04 o
TJ / 2 / DQk
J /U 0 J_ 2 T J 2
i
J UP 5
J D 2 +. T 2 /' P ) 0 _
J2 &
> $JP> 3
B B /12 X
+_ 0 +_ T r_
/"J _ X J 2 J ? +. +h /" $J2

Which kind of verb is the one between parentheses?
a. hollow
b. defective
c. assimilated
:
B 2 K/ 2 /"J G> /? ]2 B /C2 +. lD _ f
B N 4 + J 2Jo 5J 2
lD P'j 0 lD /? T lD 4/N
*B< ' &
\ 4N ! o &
, DPC
h ro4 )/2> g
J2 &
> $JP> 3
B B /12 X
ro4 0 +o4 T o4
* 2J 2 9T $2 l' _J $ %&
TJ / 2 / DQk
<J B / 6 p B PB4 0 <J B C/ „ T D) //
J2 &
> $JP> 3
B B /12 X
/ 0 / T //
&
>/ B N r ? /! P'_ 2 l DP 4B $ R /
The sentence implies that my neighbor is:
a. at least reserved
b. somehow humble
c. certainly boasting
5
J D 2 +. j P 2 X- +
U o 2- B Y Q
TJ / 2 / DQk
+
U $ 4'C x
B /' 0 J C W
J G> / T i
J UP
J 4B /4 J ">q D0 /o / AJ? \ + _ X _J $
TJ / 2 / DQk
/!2 j? 0 <j? T ! 2 j?
/"J D 4B c
B H J DP r M /"J /_ X D0?
B N 4 + J2o g
B $ T
B J /2 t / DQk
5
J /.BH 0 T
B X T J 2
:/' l. ? &
\ 1D. &
, /o
TJ / 2 / DQk
+
E /N 3
; U A2 0 J 2 B P T B Y JQ
180
:
B /' G
/ " @$ 2 B P 2J ]B /2 D ?
J ]2 &
, ?H g
B N 4 + J 2Jo :Do?
v DP 0 +o4 T <
)M 5
J D 2 SJ / H> ! 2J /o /! 2 c/ O! $J.
9 4o 5 D 2
/ J 4 2J 9T N 5 D 2 T
S o 0 _$ lJ . 5 D 2 0
LJ J > )2 l , +_ X &
, $
TJ / 2 / DQk
0
J 2 0 B $A T KJ / t
J
/o )D 2 r_ 2 + M
181
TJ / 2 / DQk
! DPC
J pl 0 ^&DPC
J „ lJ J J T &
F DPC
J „l
/! : /4 / H /2 0
J /_ /12 2J ; oB4 / $A
T
B J/2 t / DQk
/2 4 0 /2 D ?
J T r2
c
B H J 4 / 2B4 /">G/NJ X /"B4B /N &
Io 1
B N 4 + J 2Jo 5J 2
 0 . l_ X +2/ /?
lJ J / +. S[ 2 &
> -
\ CA
J TX / P 1 |
KJ /1P 5
J D 2 +. o /! 4 ? `>G/ +_
b. S[ U &
F2 B o> 0
J /2Jo T R ?\ m ?
J\
3
; U A2 4B $ +
E /N &
\ \ x
B /' +. +4 2
 J k W
J $ T
B ? 2 + / Do)J &
, N\ M &
\ 4N
182
c. ! 2J /o /! o /' &
\2 +oU m @U
K/ 2 +. +2 C A TX / rM 4 )
/ c H fPN Q ) K/N XZ
2o/ C ]2 P Q N $ P_ 2
+ /N 3 A2 "A < _ X_ @ ) +. o
2 _ C/ - _ +Q 0 4 | "
/C2 3 /A +. ? )k C 2 0 /o )M 5 ? Z
Drill # 4$ 1 ( *
/ /C M 2J T 2 /' P )
; / DQM &
, 1D.
<'$ 0 : T c Q
T4 / D. ? /2 /"J . t +. +o4 / / $J2

Which kind of verb is the one in parentheses?
a. hollow
b. defective
c. assimilated
B /C2 r M 0
J 4 2J / _J C +. J ? )k C
' 2
The sentence may imply that .......
a. the radio station is closer to my house
b. the radio station is past my house and the airport
c. the radio station is located between my house and the airport
183
J 2/$ : /4 0
J / / +. N PJ LJ )J D0.H?
The band played:
a. indoors
b. outdoors
c. in the Opera House
J 2 k J 4 $ SJ /1 /4 /! _' 4 $2 / )/ ,
B N 4 + J 2Jo 5J 2
/! / 0 ! $J. T /! 2>G
[ 4B R $4 D 4 J $J2/ 2J 2JC/. + _ X D0 Q
The sentence implies that:
a. I graduated after my friend
b. my friend graduated after me.
c. we graduated at the same time.
! ./Q rPo O/"B H> S\ 2 D0 /N

+ )M
lo 5B $ Z 0 lo _J D T lJ oJ 4B 4 $2
T
B 4 4B /! / _ D. +. :
B /' 2J 9 4o 9 ? @ "
TJ / 2 / DQk
f
B DN 0 &
> Do- T J ?/ 2
+
U C 5
J D 2 +. /" 4/N )D 2 /"B4 9T $2 f
Z )M
184
/ H 0 /" Do T /"Y4J
W
J $J +. [ 2 D4 g
TJ / 2 / DQk
4Do 0 S 4Do T S 4o
G 2 T
Y J Z 9fDQA R /
+ B N 4 + J 2Jo 5J 2
Y 0 W _ T TB
S! $ ! H S! / / _J X> /
J2 &
> $JP> 3
B B /12 X
+ 0 T /
9K+A R D ?
J : l' M B /C2 J C A> 0D N
TJ / 2 / DQk
9T $2 0 93 22 T 5'_ 2
9g 2 l' -
\ +o4 &
\ DPC
h @A Z
J2 &
> $JP> 3
B B /12 X
+o4 0 /o4 T ro4
5
J /.UH M
185
TJ / 2 / DQk
[ G> /? p DP 0 G> /? „ DP T ! G> /? „ J DP
+
U 4 $ /$ CB4 _J $ +
The phrase between parentheses means
a. family ties
b. the Arab family
c. the Arab World
/ " LJ )J "B4 DP + H RZ Y j\
X
J DN\ O! P?
?H 0 4h T 4B D_
W
J $J +. J ]B 1 0
J _$ 4B DA2 /"Io / Y \
B N 4 + J 2Jo 5J 2
< /$ \ 0 W PJ \ T cJ)/2' \
&
> J k )D 2 LJ J 4 +. @/ D0 l' R D 4 / 4J /X &
\ /N f
TJ / 2 / DQk
[ / 0 / T ! /
 2$ > L D?
J /2
T
B J/2 t / DQk
9 $JA 0 0DN T N/C
< o +_ X <o + 2 M
; / DQ &
, 1D.\
r_ 0 o' ) \ T /? / c/
The person is talking about the need to go to:
a. the mall
b. the store
c. the market
*Z
! _$2 /! _JCD 2 J 5Y X /o %&
B N 4 + SJ /4J$ 5J 2
Z
! 4D_2 0 /! . $2 T /! 4 t
187
Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to them.
Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance:
| Do)J 5hPQ &

, $ +h @
9T 2 9< XDQA G 2 N/C
_ 2 W .J +
d 4 ? 5'_ 2 +
d /N 93U A2 5
J /.UH
x X KJ /1P P :
B G XN +
Y G B HB /Q2 W
J C W
J G> / 5 D2 2 NS C , J ? )k C
' 2
J 2 B P J o +. S! )/ , l > &
, 2$!
x
B X KJ /1P B P > cJ)/2 5
J D 2 +.
D4J 2C
J +. J N $J J ? )- C
' 2 ]_
+
U $ 4'C x
B /' 5
J D 2 SJ / H> +hPX T' C T )
WDA2J W
J J / . B 4o +. + _ X 5
J /.BH DP D0 /o
:
B 2\ Do /o l' -
\ S[ Q
h 8 2 [ ?/ r' +P 1 </
J - T
B J 4B &
\ 4N 0 4 ? 2 0/ oJ) +
lJ Q c
B H J DP +. v/4X r' r' t fN TB A &
\ o\
J C W
J G> / 5
J D 2 +. X\- +
U o 2- B Y Q / /A
J /' J 2 +. /! 4' C /'o /2 D ?
J / / DAN/ 2 oD S C , / N
188
Unit #9 J !
! 0 * "
" 0 *" ! " "
" #
2 S X
Y
š j
R #
R S 88
N $J "2 „ D 4
H 2Y
189
&/2 T 4 +U2?
@ ?< @ o /42 0/ ' \
rM &
, DPC
h OJK/PhA r M g 2 OJK/2 r M 3 H W/ DA /2o @ M W/ DA +h M
G/ U H, T
Y J , +h M lJ 2U , R
l /o 4 b
> 2 <o ? <
fJDQ2
+ ? W /.
\ 2$ 2J l OJ CU 2 J 2 2J r -
, J +. 9T>/C + ? W /.
! 4o /! CB4/1 L > &
, 2$ 0
[ / 4 :2Q [ Z /" S[ , 2J /! 2/? A?
0
[ 4 4 +". lY2, /2\ +
U N $J {
B +.
$4 ! / B &
, 2J [ 2/2 S X lJ ? < R) OJ5 Dj2 .' / W /. &
\ '4
L K/ r' 5
h X +. j D M J 4 SJ G> r M 3 \ < OT/CJQ lJ . ]1
7RH . /4 +2U ? / O!/4 2p
*J > &
, / 5 o W /. ! p
R
U o $ J D. ]2 o 2 r M S[ / H +. q ; QB4 p
b K/A M J 2 /4 ]B p
7+U2? / ! DoA p
*YTJ )/2 p
X2 r M [ U [ / B > /! $4/C ,p
* XJ2 +. W X @ D ? %& /! D .J p
/! HB /2 J 4 5'j 2 &
\8
190
+U2$> / B LJ )J OZ p
* q XJ2 +. 2 2 @Y2? p
Qq +U2$> / B LJ )J OZ p
ODC_. ! J /! 2? l 5B $ /2o ! U W /. G> /? 5B $ J 4 5'j 2 /o
<J B B /jJ D +. /o Qq :/' - B / DPJ k +. 2J 8A < l'oJ
&
\ /N O 2' )Q\ $4 ]4/'C L/C?
J2 /4 $ /2J D ?
J J > > +2 DŠh4 p
7b
, K/A M p
J . +. lJ _D &
\ 4N l 4N < OJ5 Dj2 r ? ]4/'C ]1 @/4IA W /. @
. l4D N 2D /! ?B 2 0
J 4 r M /? J 4 r 42 &
> Q 2 D?
J +
U 2/QY W
J DX
Y
! U 2 /o l'oJ ; 2H )D 2 &/2 <U $ r M J / U LJ )J J 4/ oJ +. o' . _ S 4o
q / U /. LJ B X ? v HD N ! 4o /! 2 8\ 4B $A T
; 4B rj Z
' \ ./Q2
3 84 4 DC2 S X
Y +8 O/"B4 v DP l' \ 4 Z &/2 <U $ r M /"J_ C +.
7]'N /U22J
TJ$ r' Ol 0
[ /4/CJQ ? J 4 3UH 2 &
\8 Y+2 W /. <Y /X
7S[ $4 [ 4 4 2J <; t / B j
J D W /. \ l 2J /! ' j 0
J / DPJ k 2J 3UH 2
lJ 4B L 4DQ\ K[ +A &
, /o OB ? 4 , $4 o 2 r M lJ J B 2J L > ] /2 D ?
J
L j
J K[ / 4Do4B > < 4M &/2 <U $ r M J / U XJN W /.
<B o &
\ N lJ J $ 4CB4 /o _. O 4Do-
/ U D0 _J . /24 W /. B @ oIA D0\ 4 Y %&X
J < ] 4/ ' J D0 2
2J < \ K/ DA84 ^& DA2 /24 l4B $ W /. &
\8
$4 XJ2 r M J 2J /_ lJ J B +. | DQ, ! / B /! XDQA &
, 2J l'8\ 4 > l 8\2C
R
U Ho 2 SJ J /_ J 4 T
B Do2 +. &
> G> / W
J D X +. lJ J DP 4B /"$1 OB "A
@/ lJ > X s 4 xA
' s J XJN
/ oDA 4 3
B HU 2 0 X W /. ]J2 /12 "'A /o _. OS D_4
! G> /N
lD ? Z
! 4 0 12\ / 7! 2J /? <o 4 b
, &
\$ p
&
\ l . L /j D &
\ /C R) 4o 5 Dj2 lJ 2U , C
J 4M 0
J 2J W /. 5'_
:G D04 ? 4D)$ lJ J /2Jo 4 Z 9< ? /"'8\ o 5B D. LJ J +. S X
Y 3
B B /'A >
J 2 SJ X
Y @D J &
>/ u4 2\8.
l.B $ : G M lJ G> 2H> &
\ /N J 2 r M l$ 2 S X
Y )Q\ + / /! XDQA
r ? U /4 Z
! DA2 : G o oD KJ /?U k ) 2J OU A
' /4 L/ ?
:G l i$4 5 o /! 2D W /. :
B PJ +. @ oIA D0 ' \ _ 7J Z - 0
J /4/CJQ
< 4? 5 $2 TB DC2 /2 4 O] N ' /o @>)o O;3 4DC2 T
; /CJQ4B !)M
J C
h QB4 OU A
' /4 L/ ? WC R) OB J T
B /CJQ r ? jJ./
192
3
B 2J S! 5 /j2 | DA J 4 Do2 r M r12. OS 2 LJ )J W /. <
lJ ? &
, hj 3
B 2Y 2J 4/ T Do \ 4 OUR J 4
&/2 T 4 +U2?
@B4 Do2 +. P'j 2 O/" ? + / B % _ < @' 9` X %&
| T
Y J , +h M * &
, _ /2o O X
Y i$4 &
\ G> / , _ R)
S X
Y &
, 4U N, /2o <; &
' o l 4U N,8. &
\ 2 @'CQ
5 Dj2 l? 2 D0 '4
Questions about the text KL 3+* , M "
a. Answer the following questions:

*&/2 2H> W /. &
\ /N )/2
*JlJ QM X\ W /. \ 9` X %&
*!S J/ U S Do.J D0 /o %&
! X /"J 4/ oJ +. W /. )/2>
*W /. > &
, 2$ )/2
*JS /_ r M LJ B P ?
J 2 o r2
193
b. True or false? Please rewrite the false sentences in the correct forms:
2 2 lJ 2U ? r M ! / B W /. i$4
&/2 W /. J / B &
\ 4N T
B B DC2D > B J / B D0 /o
/! XDQA W /. 5B $ l' -
\ 2 S X
Y &/2 : G i$4
Z
! _$2 /! G A &
\ /N
! o <'o lJ J $ 4CB4 W /. >
W /P> 4o 5 Dj2 J 4 +?/ rC?\
0
[ Q :2Q B Q\ W /P>
J G> /$ > X- 4k W /.
/12 B "A J 4B +. T/CJQ W /. i$4
Functional Expressions "8 # $,"
@ M W/ DA +h M I miss you
+
Y2 lY2 his daily worry
<; t / B love letter
J C
IQ hand writing
0
[ 4 4 housewife
T
; 4B rj Z
' \ ./Q2 For fear that he would not get a response.
+
Y 2/QY W DX
Y the marble box
&
> G> / W DX mail box
194
/"B4 v DP l' \ 4 Z Certainly, he will be happy with it.
l 2J /! ' j (he) believing that
]'N /U22J 3 84 Faster than what he would expect.
7! 2J /? <o 4 b
, &
\$ May Allah fill your house with riches!
0
J 2"2 J ' +. ! 2? / /2 He purposefully tossed it in the trash can.
K[ / 2 0 ) one evening
J 4 +?/ m 3UH 2 mail carrier
G/ wall/s
9K/PJA recovery
93 H plant
9TB DC2 singer, entertainer
greeting
dA evil
9 role, turn
5
… X row, line
2/2 dove
195
.' / edge
. opening, slot
5 /j2 „ 5 Dj2 envelope/s
9 D. delegation
9] N signature
93 2 „ $2 tear/s
S D_4 Baklava (ME dessert)
9 ? dough
C4M armpit
. happiness
9TD N heart
9R female’s breast, utter
9 X breast/chest
9 ? „9 ? number/s
$ 4C nature
K/ 4Jo pride
./Q2 fear
5B D. flaps
&
, hj shades
]'N expects
.' be available
196
WCD utters, pronounces
rj attains, obtains
U H, I decorate
r M W/ DA\ I miss someone
Q to scoff, sneer, ridicule
H2 to discriminate, select
&
\ to jog
&
\ '4 to moisten
r_ \ to drop, throw
&
\ 4N to kiss
j M to hug
v HD M to move aside
2t to flood
to be hesitant
8\ 2C % to assure
oD M to protest
5'_ to snatch up
r12 to go
DŠh4 convey, tell (imperative)
9</Q marble
9 t jealous
197
9U 2 hesitant
9<J /4 smilingly
9 2J /? blessed
9vHB /2 jokingly
93 4DC2 printed
x'C 2 stained, covered with
%8A < He didn’t want
+ (1 $ " 0 ># The Arabic Calendar
< 2
PX
& -
\ ]4
+ /' ] 4
& - /2
+ /' /2
T
/4$A
f /12
g & A
S $J_ )
)
198
+ (1 ?( 0 ># The Western Calendar
+ /' /o
C/4A
: /2
/
: /2
H
H 2Y
T6
f &
g & - DA
+ /' DA
B3 2% †
Grammar
1. The Active Participle, which can be formed from all transitive and
intransitive verbs, is made on the pattern FAA’IL ^&?
J /. for pattern number
one of the Arabic verbs. Examples are:
^&2J /? „ &
\ 2J ? 9]B „] 9TJ /o „ T o
The active participle often functions as an agent noun (one who does the
action).
The writer is in his apartment. lJ J _' A +. TJ /o

Under certain linguistic conditions , the active participle can be used as a
verbal adjective.
199
A fasting man 9<G> /X ^&
2. The Passive Participle is formed from transitive verbs on the pattern
MAF’UUL ^& $DP2 , for pattern one the Arabic verbs. Examples are:
93 2 2 p ]J2 9K D_2 „ \ N 9v DP2 „ ` .
The passive participle is often used as an adjective.
The door is open. 9v DP2 T/4
3. We already know that you can negate the past tense by using the
negation particle /2 before the verb as in:
0
J 4 ) +. + , D0 o
0
J 4 ) +. + , D0 o /2
Another way to negate such kind of a verb is by using another negation
particle, < followed by a verb that has to be in the Jussive Mood.
0
J 4 ) +. + , o <
The jussive mood is based on the Indicative Mood (the regular present
form) with some changes in the terminations. These include the following:
a. The short vowel of the indicative p
, is replaced by the zero vowel
Sukuun p
% in final position.
0
J 4 ) +. + , D0 o
0
J 4 ) +. + , o o <
b. Feminine plurals remain unchanged from the indicative; all other forms
ending in and drop that terminations.
You (s.f.) J 4 SJ G> r M 0

J 4 )
J 4 SJ G> r M 4 D) +4 D) <
200
They (m) <B $DC2 ) +. o +G/NJ X\
<B $DC2 ) +. o8 o8 < +G/NJ X\
Dual /2B"2U , ]2 / 2J ? B / D 4B \
/2B"2U , ]2 B 2$ 2$ 5* B / D 4B \
(The verbs between parentheses above are in the indicative
basic mood)
The following chart demonstrates a number of Arabic verbs used in this unit
conjugated to singular and plural pronouns for both past and present
indicative tenses.
to go, depart, leave r12
/\ 0
J D\ 0D \ + DP2 G> /21
0 12 0
J 12 0 12 D012 r12 +1/2 X
D\ < D\ < ]2 G> /21
/ 12 12 < 12 12 12 +1/2 X
to miss, long for W/ DAM
/\ 0
J D\ 0D \ + DP2 G> /21
0D_ DAM 0
J D_ DAM 0D_ DAM D0N/ DAM W/ DAM +1/2 X
D\ < D\ < ]2 G> /21
201
/ D_ DAM D_ DAM < D_ DAM D_ DAM N/ DAM +1/2 X
to ensure 8\ 2C
/\ 0
J D\ 0D \ + DP2 G> /21
0D 8\ 2C 0
J D 8\ 2C 0% 8\ 2C D0 8\ 2C 8\ 2C +1/2 X
D\ < D\ < ]2 G> /21
/'8\ 2C D 8\ 2C < D 8\ 2C 8\2C 8\ 2C +1/2 X
to drop, throw r_ D \
/\ 0
J D\ 0D \ + DP2 G> /21
+_D , _D +_D +_D +_D 3B /12 X
D\ < D\ < ]2 G> /21
+_D _D _D _D _D 3B /12 X
to kiss &
\ n4N
/\ 0
J D\ 0D \ + DP2 G> /21
&
, nU4N, nU4_ &
, nU4_ &
, nU4_ &
, nU4_ 3B /12 X
D\ < D\ < ]2 G> /21
&
, nU4_ D nU4_ nU4_ D nU4_ nU4_ 3B /12 X
202
to expect ]N'
/\ 0
J D\ 0D \ + DP2 G> /21
]N' \ $N' ]N' ]N' ]N' 3B /12 X
D\ < D\ < ]2 G> /21
]N' $N' $N' $N' $N' 3B /12 X
Drill #1 1& ( *
Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences.
Drill #2 / 2@ ( *
lJ 2U , R ]1 B 2-/4 &
, DPC
h $DA
]1 )M
Ka /2 0 /! 4 T ! X?
5 $2 ^& +_ X >
+ .J 2 PUX
9<J /4 0 9 2J /? T 9 "DA2J
/"B H @
J &
\ / B @ oIA D0\ 4
@/ )M
oJ DA2 0 . T $2
203
J oB A
' B 2 r M /! 4/CJQ 0 $4
j
J D / )M
! / DPJ M 0 Ka t T !
G> /? J 4 5'j 2 5B $ Z
&/2 k T
B H T
B 4 4B </$'C .' Z
J2 &
> $JP> 5J 2 &
, $JP
5B D. 0 T &
, hj
S! $ ! B SJ H H$ / J _ X> / '2
5J 2 lJ 4B &
, $P2
! . 0 ! $2 T S! DP
9TB DC2 m 93 4DC2 m 9T DC2

One of the words is unlike the other two. Which?
9TB DC2 0 93 4DC2 T 9T DC2
lJ J 4 r M J 4 +?/ m 3UH 2 T ) m r12

J2 &
> $JP> :Jo/$2 &
, $JP
Q 0 H2 T ]
204
! 2 j? D0 /o / J _ X 3
B 4B / .
+ .J 2 S /4J$
/ $2 0 / $ 4C T / /$
&/2 <U $ T
B Do2 2J J 4 +?/ 1 \
T
B J /2 t / DQk
! $2 0 /! . Dj2 T !/ B
:
B 2\ K/ 2 T
B _J D k J 2 o D. &
\X
@/ o )J M
0/2J /4 0 0/2 DQ2 T 0/1 /P2
3 4 -
, ) + , r M ! / B i$48 J o8' /4
5J 2 5 j
' \
/!2D 0 /! / \ T /! 2>G
L 4\ /o /2 D ?
J &/2 <U $ r M T/CJQ W /. i$4
o 2 0 SJ B J /_ +. T 4 +.
0
J /2Jo g$4 WC /2 D ?
J S[ _B4 /" DPC
J <Y -
, D0 j M
5J 2 &
, $JP \
205
]'N 0 <'o T .'
T
B 4 rM 4o 5 j2 J 4 +?/ rC?
:Jo/$2 &
, $JP \
&
\ 4DN 0 r_ \ T )Q\
LJ B X ? 4o <Y " &

\ HD M
:Jo/$2 &
, $JP \
8\ 2DCM 0 oD M T HM
"'A ) + G> /? 2J | DQ, / B + D X

5J 2 &
,?J /P \
9T/CJQ 0 K/ 4Jo T ./Q2
* $ \ O! G> /N /" D 4B <Y -

, D0 8\
o' P Z J o8' /4 +
B X$ /4 0 HB 4Q /4 T SJ D_4 /4
:
B 2\ + D X + / U D0 /o
T
B J /2 t / DQk\
J C
h QB4 0 /! Q'C 2 T ! ? 4DC2
206
S! oh 42 /"JA .J r M D04 ). OS X /" D 4B <Y Z D0 j M
5J 2 &
, $JP \
D012. 0 D0on4. T D0 HD /.
9TD N
This word can be related to one of the following options. Which?
9 0 9 X T 9l
2J SJ 5
J /j2 2J ! ? 0 DAM
TJ / 2 / DQk
:
B G T
B Do2 0 J 4 3
B HU 2 T J 4 T
B Do2
' + l' \ <Dt c

B H +. 9 U 2 +_ X )/2> 5B ? Z
+ oJ /$2 PUX \
9 oh 8 2 0 ^& DA2 T 3 4DC2
< m : m /2
One of the options is unlike the other two. Which?
< 0 : T /2
207
Drill # 3 3 2 ( *@
a. Underline and specify the Active and Passive Participles in the

following sentences.
; "A &
\ Q
J T
B /CJQ T
B J /o r M 4 DC2 S X
Y +8
5
[ $2 T
; B DC2 2J 9T/CJQ B J >&
\X
0
J /2/ J 4k 3UH l' \ <Dt /! 2 J 4 3UH 2 j
J D Z/
S[ o K/ A84 B Z DA2 0
J 4 4 J G> /$ T
Y
/! ? 4DC2 /! 4/CJQ /" M i$4 R) &
\J 2 5B $ Z
7+ H J?
J 2 ? /! HB /2 .J / 2 +_ X + 8
b. Vowel the following sentences.

lQ 4k S X i l rM l / +. T C
5
h X c /Q 0 /" 2H 2 T/ o 0P_
] 4/ 2 o- l / r? & X j M
* 2 L) +. 4 T o2 . $ &
< 4 l 4 rM _P2 l_ X 4M $ l X +. b /?
v/4X S +. < /$ /4Q _ S "_ T A T
c. Rearrange the following words to make good sentences.

! U 2 U /4 Z
'\ /" M J 4/ oJ +. ./Q2 rj 0D o
B 0
J D 4B _J $ XJN 4 <; t l 4 @/ \
*0
J 4 +. J . +. 
3
B /'A +
U G 'C
J 2 [ _CD 2J r ? . A SJ -
, [ G\ J / $J 0
J 4> +.
Drill #4 4$ 1 ( *
Please choose the correct options and explain WHY.
lJ <J /4 9 X 9 )
o TB )M
!U 2 0 /! H T ! $
!B /" H -
\ H /"' \ 5B $
TJ / 2 &
>?J /P < M
9 t 0 9<J /4 T 9TB DC2
! B ^& 2 < _ &

, / 2h )
+ J 4J / 2 t PUX
3 4DC2 0 x'C 2 T +
Y 2/QY
D0 /o /"' -
\ l H G> 2C ,&
, \& /
+ J 4J / 2 t PUX
S! U 2 0 S! oh 8 2 T ! _JN
/".B $ J $J2/ :G
209
T
B J /2 t5 j
'
/!' j 0 ! X\ T /! XDQA
+
U2 lJ J2? 2J J 4 3UH 2
TJ / 2 &
, $JP \
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214
Unit #10 #$N% &'( ) *+ "
3 " " " 4 * ! " %
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218
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219
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Questions about the text KL ;! , M "

J /' J G - ? +4 m TB \
* 4$X J 
*/2 /2 OB G\ AB4 . $2 J 
*J 2 2 /2B"4B Q
J DP B )' B /G A
h /2 /2
*J0 4 r M 1 /"B H 2J &J /? <d , D04 C )/2> f
*JS ' &
\ 4N Z
! 4D_2 :
B B 2 ? Y Q Bx A
' R /o %& g
*J 2 :
B 8 4B Z
! /PJ M 'P &
\ 2J ? )/2
*J ? C
' J2 Q
J +. T C
I WJ D E J J +.
220
<B /"JDoAB4 8\ CQ &
\2 +4 Do, m T Do, *^8CQ < 9T X
SJ ' $4 U ?/CDNk +1 r? 2 o D0 M
! $J. OJ Z - &
\ _? J DP /"' -
\ :B 2 YQ x A
' g /?
B U Y1
J [J 5
‹ X +. 0
J /4 JZ - \ YQ x A
' r? M
:
B B 2 ? YQ x
B A
' R ]2 ' P WP' M
[ 4 $XB4 J N &
> / 2 r ? T Do2 < o Z - \ N
! S 2 /"D ?H + &
, / 2 D0 /o
) J /P S\ 2 D0 / DQM f
/! P j /o l' -
\ l4 +C$ \ g. g
Functional Expressions " #

@ $,"
+/ ]B DC2 +. early in my life
\ t but
CY D02 took over power
B /_ T
B B 2B4 according to law
+
Y ? HU v Xk agrarian reform
! 2 &
> $JPD /4 /o was truly pretty
lJ C
h QB4 B DQP A extremely proud of his handwriting
B U Y1
J anti religion
221
JZ -
\ &
\ _? J DP corrupts children’s minds
7 2 %&N Say thanks to Allah!
? C
' 2Q
J \ voluntary service
J 2 HD k 2 Q
J \ compulsory service
G/?J 9< D. propaganda films
./_ 9< D. educational films
[ DP$B4 0D 8\ I naively asked
N &
, /2 paper napkins
/! Q/ J B Do-
\ the dirtiest
\ r? providing that, on condition
/"J +. NB /t sunk in her confusion
<; $ 4B T Do2 < o \ N He read the written words stumblingly
Vocabulary List
J O9K/ J OS J women
{ . attendant, custodian
+
d ?/CDNM land owner
9`2N wheat
222
^& _ „ ^&D_ field-s
^& Q „ DQ date palm-s
4/t forest
9 X? afternoon
9] DC2 start, beginning
W 2 detergent
W $ comment
9 role
4 J percentage
9 N measure
DP? naiveté
9 o universe, being
9@ D manner, behavior
9 J charm, magic
82C feeling of security
9 DQ. pride
C
…Q calligraphy
T4 sleeves
S / cigarette
^&/$DAM lighting (fire, cigarette)
K/1 1 noise
223
0 X\ „ 0 X voice-s
^& _? „ ^&D_? mind-s
9<" arrow
^&/PJ M celebration
9 /jJ D M waiting
9TXN reeds
X mats
5$ „ P$ date palm leave-s
9]NJ 2 location
9: 8 founding
C woman’s headgear
5 C end
9 bucket
9 B „S earthenware jar
4 ? vehicle, cart
5 Q
J „5 Q lamb-s
9@ rooster
9T dress, garment
9g ? to show, offer
gB /$ to oppose
WJ D J to join
224
&
,X
J to continue, pursue
+4 to build, construct
]C to obey
:4D to put on, wear
] DQ to take off
$ to repeat, return
WJ./ to play the hypocrite
H to shake
r4\ to resist
@'2 to own
&
\ to migrate
0P D M to turn
J DP to corrupt, spoil
3UH to distribute
•, to dare
+? to claim
]C_D M to be cut out
" to sigh
$DA M to feel
W 2 to dash, dart
g. to reject, refuse
225
0 D.\ to get, yank loose
/ to struggle
`4) to slaughter
@2 to own
<$ to stumble
]. to push each other
< H to crowd
D0$ to expand
D01 ? to show, demonstrate
D04 D M to be surprised
D0o 2\ she held
D02 M she received
H we increase
0 I supported
02N I stood up, undertook
?, I repeat
< /_ \ I share
Q
J \ I save money
0 $ I used to
D0 2 DoM be completed
D0? 4 she donated
226
0/G>/2 „ G\ >/2 water bearer-s
9 oh 42 early
J /. charming, gorgeous, enchanting
./_ educational
G/?J propaganda
xJ ' 2 dirty
oJ 22 holding
9TJ D 2 withdrawn
9v/ 2 relaxed, comfortable
5D Q behind
/! gradually
9 A intense
R
d made of iron
R
d made of silk
9T ? wonderful, great
5 $1 weak
A DAJ garment common male dress in Iraq
z om P X hut made of date palm leaves, reed and mats
f4 o /2 van
Grammar , -
1. The Active Participle &J?/P < M
227
a. For Hollow Verbs (CVC) as in &
\ /N , the active participle pattern is FAA’IL,
with Hamza K taking the place of the second consonant (C2) in all cases.
9<G> / p </ ^&G> /N „ &
\ /N
b. For Defective Verbs (CCV), the pattern is FAA’IN as in:
3
; „ /? {
; /2 „ rA2
You must have noticed that the verb loses its weak long end vowel
c. Doubled Verbs (CvCCv) as in @A undergoes the same loss of the weak vowel.
The pattern is FAALL
@
d /A „ @A
2. The Passive Participle & $P2 < M of the Hollow, Defective, and Doubled
Verbs follows the following patterns.
a. Hollow
The pattern is MaFUUL is used for (C2W)
^& _2 p &
, _ „&
\ /N
The pattern MuFAAL for (C2Y)

93/42 p ] 4 „ 3/4
b. Defective
Defective (C3W) produces a regular passive participle on the pattern MaF’UUW
d ? 2 p ? „ /?
Defective (C3Y) gives a passive participle on the pattern MaF’IIY
R
d "2 p R " „ |
c. Doubled
The formation of Passive Participle from a doubled root is perfectly regular,
MaF’UUL.
9@ oDA2 „ @
d A „ @A
228
3. _ or N is used with verbs in the past tense to indicate a tense somewhat closer to
the English past perfect tense. To say, “I had gone to the library before I ate my ,”
in Arabic the sentence is:
+G/A? &
\ o6 \ &
\ 4N J 4 Do2 r M 04 ) _
The following charts show a number of Arabic verbs conjugated to singular and
plural pronouns for both past and Present Jussive tenses < H 2 3 /12 .
to take off ]Q
, 7 - 76 /. . P2 G/21
0$ Q 0
J $Q 0$ Q D0$ Q ]Q +1/2
] DQ\ +$ DQ ] DQ ] DQ ] DQ < H 2 3 /12
to continue, pursue &

\X
0 - 1 *,= 7 *+ 7 6 1. . ]2 G/21
/ DX DX < DX DX X +1/2
&
,XJ DX
J X
J DX
J X
J < H 2 3 /12
to join W M
, 7 - 76 /. . P2 G/21
0D_ M 0
J D_ M 0D_ M D0_ M W M +1/2
DWJ D +_J D DWJ D DWJ D DWJ D < H 2 3 /12
229
to put on :B4
0 - 1 *,= 7 *+ 7 6 1. . ]2 G/21
/ 4B 4B < 4B 4B 4B +1/2
:4D 4D 4D 4D 4D < H 2 3 /12
to get used $
, 7 - 76 /. . P2 G/21
0 $ 0
J $ 0 $ D0 $ $ +1/2
$\ R $ $ $ $\ < H 2 3 /12
to feel, sense, perceive $DA M

0 - 1 *,= 7 *+ 7 6 1. . ]2 G/21
/ $DA M $DA M < $DA M $DA M $DA M +1/2
$DA $DA $DA $DA $DA < H 2 3 /12
Drill #1 & ( *
Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences.
Drill #2 / 2 ( *
Please choose the correct options.
: J /P S 2 D0 /o
W
J G> / </2\ 0 W
J G> / 5D Q T W
J G> / B B 4B
)D 2 J 2 J .J Z C
'Q 2 $
230
lJ B H 0 /! 2/? A? 2Q T /! 2/? A? + M
/"J C5
J CB4 S\ 2 D0o 2\
N ? /" C
… Q /" + 2Jo
B $ /4 0 J /4 T :
B /4
< $' \ 'P _J $

X
U U 0 ? HU ]U A T &
\ _$ + 4
! B 9 Q. J 2DoJ J 2 2
lJ >/2 4B 0 lJ C
h QB4 T lJ J 4/4
U ?/CDNk +1 r ? SJ ' 2 o D0 M
2 o @>) r $2
/"D DAM 0 /"D ?H T /"D o'2
| N +. ]>G/'A o + P X
U \
lJ C
J W
J $J T
B 0 W
J $J C
J T W
J $J T
B
<D PJ J /A r' DPN B B 0/G>/2

X
J DN /
231
2h$2 0 Z - T S I
J 2DoJ J 2T
B ' C g$4 T D) f
J 2 $' J 2 Q
J D> 0 JU 2 J2 Q
J D> T J o $ J2 Q
J D>
J 2DoJ J 2: 8 < g
`
B 2_ &
> _ C 0 SJ ' $4 T + 4 J 4/t +.
:B 2 \+
Y ?/CDNk +?
&
\ _$ ]U 0 &
\ _$ J DP T &
\ _$ + 4
SJ /A2 +. + N ]U 1, \ T
Y J,Z
J Q /' <B D.-
\ 0 J ./_' <B D.-
\ T J G/?U <B D.-
\
<B /$ W
J -
\ 2J ! /? ! 4 J /o 2\ U X
/"J / 0 /"JCDP T /"J 2N
X
J DN ! P' ? [ ? 4B T
B Do2 T/4 0 .
! 0 Z
!/ T /!
@/ )M 5
J Q
J 2J ! ? J _ &
, \ `4)
232
9<" 0 oJ DA2 T ^&/PJ M
YQ x A
' /o
J2 o 1
J 0 D 2J [ ? 4B W
J D P </2 J C A
I S / D0N 2
0
J X 0 5
J $ T <B "
J oJ DA2 +. / B ?/ 8 f
/2? 5B $ \ /' o )M
lD 4 0 lD j D M T lD $.
S[ Q
h 8 2 [ ?/ r' Q'
J 2 J / +. T' C
I < H
<"'\ &
>2 2 2J )M
Q
J DP 0 ?UH T $.
J 2DoJ J 2 2 c H\
SJ /2 KJ / J | M
+ 4 J N KJ / J | M T
W
J $J +. 9]G> /A /2o lJ 2U ? 0D 4B 0
! B 5 $1 &
, DPC
h )
l' \ Y j\
9@J 22 0 9TJ D 2 T 9g 2
234
Drill #3 3 2 ( *
a. Vowel the following sentences.

R / <"2 $ X T C 2 N 4
TX_ X & Q 5$ 2 S /? P X + 4
l4 4 4 0o 2 /2 ? /P S 2 < /_ 2
2 / ? $4 `4X /2 ? 82C $A
/"44 5 $ < K/1 1 /? 0 X & Q +. / $2
b. Rearrange the following groups of words to make correct sentences.

W. SJ ' J 2 2 :
B 8 r? Q' J 4/t /"' J $J +. / A2
J oJ DA2 )/2 D0 $. ? / 8 / B J _$ >
J ./_' \ 2J 9 J { .J 2D > /o
| DQ, $4 ! /" 2h$2 /"J 4 C ? H 2 D0$
' PD > /"D C? ?/CDNk +1 r? 2 o D0 M
235
d. Underline the active and passive participles and explain the grammatical
function of each of them.
J J /P SJ 2 J 2J 0 D.\ l' -
\ /! / 2 "
[ G J4 [ 2 +. /!2h$2 J P j +/ ]B DC2 +. 0D 2J ?
/! _J. 2 &
\ /_. S 2 LJ )J <"4 C g. \ :
B J D "2 B 4B 02N
! oh 42 &
\ H /2 0DN oJ + 8 J X
U SJ H 0 / D0 /o
`
;1J <; $ 4B T Do2 < o J Z - 2J <'$ 2\ N
J X
J /' J 2 2J ! X\ O9 "DA2 +
dN ?
J 9TB DC2 2$J
J C
' 5
J CB4 lJ TJ / C
't N DPN B "' 2J B B 0/G>/2 K/ h
Ka /2 J /P S 2 D04 C /2 /"J 4B 0
J /PJN SJ h | M D0? 4 f
/"J +. ! NB /t S\ 2 D0 /o /2 4 5
J D QD > /! 4J D 2 /2A 0 W
J $J T W
J $J T
B
9 B /4 :D_C
' -
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Al Jalees Part 2

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Al Jalees Part 2

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AL-JALEYS

Part II (Revised Edition 2008)

Please e-mail your comments to : mjiyad@mtholyoke.edu

Unit 2, A Telephone Call 27

Unit 3, Renting an Apartment 48

Unit 4, Chatting with a Jordanian Friend 68

Unit 5, Shopping in Damascus 91

Unit 6, Readings from the Arabic Press 115

Unit 7, Talking about One's Hobbies 141

Unit 8, Memories from Baghdad 165

Unit 9, The Colored Picture 189

Unit 10, The Marvel Detergent 215

(1) connecting exercise sentences with the same situation or theme;

(1) include meaningful, natural language

Finally, Al-Jaleys recommends an interactive teacher/student relationship that can be categorized as

Questions about the Text .

<B $C2 +. &

Functional Expression ,-. / 0 ( 1-

7 @B 2 0 Under your command7

S[ D=.J V ? By the way

79 B 4X > Patience has limits!

7 $ / / 4 There we go, Sa'id!

*< @4B )/2 What is the matter with you today?

?/2 / 1P\ Come on, guys.

7S QM / ' \ :D \ Z Don't forget we are brothers!

+ V? + ? V? You got a deal.

7+ 2 Q O:/ / VP( You guys embarrassed me!

7J N\ X TDQ\ T A\ / ? Let us drink to friendship!

> e /P <B = ) 2J 04J$ I am tired of this empty talk.

04 C I order, ask for, demand

_J ? I think (not as I believe)

&U ? you rush, hurry up

(' ) you remember

we want, would like, desire

8 they (m) ask

9T C p0/4 C order, request, demand/s

9f2U J chick pea

@> )( as well, also, too

/!1 also, too, as well

This grammatical rule is exemplified in the following sentences:

! " becomes ! "

Notice the change of the subject marker from nominative to accusative.

9" 9" " +: :

<= % .!= % .!= % .!= % <= % 5.= %

Drill # 2 = ;6 < "

PQ 3 O 28N+ 6M <,L F7! " BA@

) 8\N -N= <8H [25ZN -N= &

W 4 d 1 :R4e 6 ? W 4 d 1 :R4e 6 C 7 4 d 1 :R4e 6

PU2! # 8" 6 5 ')! ( 6 5 0

a. please b. forget it c. only God knows

cW \!Eh 4)+ : #$5Hh

OW 4\ 6M !)8 I5e% .E2 f

cOQW XM pWhX > QW L $ ? 0 g

A waiter will have a fit if you go to a restaurant and order ....

W!8\L WX !m ? W 2ZL W +N@ C W !Z(L W h

Drill # 3 > = ;6 <

C. Rearrange the following groups of words to make correct sentences.

m5 N 5'H O !]>M 3 "

G ,NL 1!: L5 y 3 3 " 8= *]"N 07

cn B2\5]L 4!d 0 ! 8 B29 4! 3 ! $ 2>4Z 6

U2! '5(T 7 8" % 5 '+N

PB \ 64> 4!eH - 5 '!) ( 6 5 0

P ]L ^ *]"L #: - ,8> E #$ % ' 4 , 6 5 0

c *]"N 0 #: $,H N 5'H $ A@

G ,NL ]"N 0 < 5 + 62Hh