Coach Rehabilitation Workshop, Bhopal

About CRWS Coach Rehabilitation workshop is located at Nishatpura area, in the city of lakes Bhopal, which is the political capital of the State of Madhya Pradesh. The workshop is situated at a distance of 2 Km from the Bhopal Railway station. It was started in year 1989 at a project cost of approx Rs.64.97 Cr for Mid Life Rehabilitation (MLR) of Indian Railway Coaches. It has completed more than 20 years of service to the Nation. CRWS has so far turned out 6147 coaches including 354 AC coaches. During the year 2010-11 it has achieved best ever production of 571 coaches. During MLR entire coach furnishing is stripped off and renovated. The bogie assembly and subassemblies are repaired or reclaimed or replaced as the case may be, based on the service & utility factor. Overhauling activities includes heavy corrosion repair to the shell body and under frame, renewal/repair on account of furnishing, train lighting & painting. This activity results in savings in repair cost in subsequent years of service of coaches apart from providing improved customer satisfaction for passengers. The quality of coaches coming out of CRWS has had excellent reputation over the years and now it is being treated as benchmark for all other workshops planning overhaul activity. CRWS's quality, environment and occupational health & safety management systems continue to be certified to ISO 9001, 14001 & OHSAS 18000. The workshop layout is based on U flow with majority movement being on dummy bogies on merry go round system. All coaches being turned out are converted to Bogie mounted Air Brake System. All furnishings have been upgraded to latest RDSO standard. The workshop has been working on group incentive scheme since Oct 2004. Workshop premises are spread over a total area of 401.03 acres including residential areas. Staff colony has 708 quarters. The average expenditure on each Non AC coaches comes to around Rs. 18.85 lakhs while for an Air Conditioned coach it is around Rs. 27 Lakhs. Total budget allotment of the shop is around Rs.109 Crores for a year. The shop functions out of budget provisions from railway board in the form of Rolling stock program. The committed workforce of the workshop has carried out many innovative system improvements over the years including in-house development of Fume Extractor system, RFID based gate attendance & incentive calculation system etc. The shop has outsourced many activities over the years including grit blasting of outer surface of shell, sand blasting of bogie flames, retro fitment of air brakes, over hauling of air brakes cylinders, computerized screen printing etc. A Regional Welding Institute for comprehensive training of welders of various departments has been set up and various modules are being operated in workshop premises. Indian Railways (Hindi: Bhratya Rail), abbreviated as IR (Hindi: . .), is the central government-owned railway company of India, which owns and operates most of the country's rail transport. It is overseen by the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India.

Indian Railways has more than 64,215 kilometres (39,901 mi)[5] of track and 7,083 stations. It has the world's fourth largest railway network after those of the United States, Russia and China.[5] The railways traverse the length and breadth of the country and carry over 30 million passengers and 2.8 million tons of freight daily.[6][7] It is one of the world's largest commercial or utility employers, with more than 1.6 million employees.[6][8] As to rolling stock, IR owns over 230,000 (freight) wagons, 60,000 coaches and 9,000 locomotives.[6] Railways were first introduced to India in 1853. By 1947, the year of India's independence, there were forty-two rail systems. In 1951 the systems were nationalised as one unit, becoming one of the largest networks in the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systems on a multigaugenetwork of broad, metre and narrow gauges. It also owns locomotive and coach production facilities. With approximately 1.6 million employees, Indian Railways is the worlds single largest employer.[13] Staff are classified into gazetted (Group A and B) and non-gazetted (Group C and D) employees.[14] The recruitment of Group A gazetted employees is carried out by the Union Public Service Commission through exams conducted by it.[15] The recruitment to Group 'C' and 'D' employees on the Indian Railways is done through 19 Railway Recruitment Boards which are controlled by the Railway Recruitment Control Board (RRCB).[16] The training of all cadres is entrusted and shared between six centralised training institutes. This are following list of the Group A services which are recruited by the UPSC(Union Public Service Commission ) of India UPSC Civil Services Exam 1)Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group A. 2)Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group 'A'. 3)Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group A. 4)Railway Protection Force, Group A UPSC Engineering Services Exam 1)Indian Railway Service of Engineers Group A 2)Indian Railway Stores Services (CivilEngineering Posts).Group A 3)Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers,Group A 4)Indian Railway Stores Service (Mechanical Engineering Posts).Group A 5)Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers.Group A 6)Indian Railway Stores Service (Electrical Engineering Posts).Group A 7)Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers.Group A 8)Indian Railway Stores Service (Telecommunication/Electronics Engineering Posts).Group A UPSC Special Class Railway Apprentice Examination Subsidiaries

A WAP5 locomotive Indian Railways manufactures much of its rolling stock and heavy engineering components at its six manufacturing plants, called Production Units, which are managed directly by the ministry. As with most developing economies, the main reason for this was the policy of import substitution of expensive technology related products when the general state of the national engineering industry was immature. Each of these six production units is headed by a General Manager, who also reports directly to the Railway Board. There exist independent organisations under the control of the Railway Board for electrification, modernisation and research and design, each of which is headed by a General Manager. A number of Public Sector Undertakings, which perform railway-related functions ranging from consultancy to ticketing, are also under the administrative control of the Ministry of railways. Track and gauge Indian railways uses four gauges, the 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge which is wider than the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 12 in) standard gauge; the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 38 in) metre gauge; and two narrow gauges,762 mm (2 ft 6 in) and 610 mm (2 ft) . Track sections are rated for speeds ranging from 75 to 160 km/h (47 to 99 mph). The total length of track used by Indian Railways was about 114,000 km (71,000 mi) while the total route length of the network was 64,215 km (39,901 mi) on 31 March 2011.[17] About 33% of the route-kilometre and 44% of the total track kilometre was electrified on 31 March 2011.[17]

Broad gauge is the predominant gaugeused by Indian Railways.

Broad gauge is the predominant gauge used by Indian Railways. Indian broad gauge 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in)is the most widely used gauge in India with 102,000 km (63,000 mi) of track length (90% of entire track length of all the gauges) and 54,600 km of route-kilometre (85% of entire route-kilometre of all the gauges) on 31 March 2011. In some regions with less traffic, the metre gauge (1,000 mm/3 ft 3 38 in) is common, although the Unigauge project is in progress to convert all tracks to broad gauge. The metre gauge had about 9,000 km (5,600 mi) of track length (7.9% of entire track length of all the gauges) and 7,500 km of route-kilometre (11.6% of entire route-kilometre of all the gauges) on 31 March 2011. The Narrow gauges are present on a few routes, lying in hilly terrains and in some erstwhile private railways (on cost considerations), which are usually difficult to convert to broad gauge. Narrow gauges had a total of 2,400 route-kilometre on 31 March 2011. The Kalka-Shimla Railway, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway and the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway are three notable hill lines that use narrow gauge.[18] Those three will not be converted under the Unigauge project.

Double Decker Train arrives at Howrah Junction after a trial run. The share of broad gauge in the total route-kilometre has been steadily rising, increasing from 47% (25,258 route-km) in 1951 to 85% in 2011 whereas the share of metre gauge has declined from 45% (24,185 route-km) to less than 12% in the same period and the share of narrow gauges has decreased from 8% to 3%. However, the total route-kilometre has increased by only 18% (by just 10,000 km from 53,596 route-km in 1951) in the last sixty years. This compares very poorly with Chinese railways, which increased from about 27,000 route-km at the end of second world war to about 100,000 route-km in 2011, an increase of more than threefold. More than 28,000 route-km (34% of the total route-km) of Chinese railway is electrified compared to only about 21,000 route-km of Indian railways. This is an indication of the poor state of Indian railways where the funds allocated to new railway lines are meagre, construction of new uneconomic railway lines are taken up due to political interference without ensuring availability of funds and the projects incur huge cost and time overruns due to poor project-management and paucity of funds. Double decker AC trains have been introduced in India. The first double deckar train was Flying Rani introduced in 2005 while the first double decker AC train in the Indian Railways was introduced in

November 2010, running between the Dhanbad and Howrah stations having 10 coaches and 2 power cars. Sleepers (ties) used are made of prestressed concrete, or steel or cast iron posts, though teak sleepers are still in use on few older lines. The prestressed concrete sleeper is in wide use today. Metal sleepers were extensively used before the advent of concrete sleepers. Indian Railways divides the country into four zones on the basis of the range of track temperature. The greatest temperature variations occur in Rajasthan.

INDIAN RAILWAYS ORGANISATION Indian Railway organisational structure The Indian Railways is organised broadly by functional groups. This is traditionally how the cooperation is organised. The Indian Railways perhaps has been less adventurous in changing the structure; it has largely kept up what it got as a legacy since the British era. Railway Board The apex management organisation is the Railway Board, also called the Ministry of Railways. The board is headed by a Chairman who reports to the Minister of Railways. The board has five other members in addition to the chairman. The General Managers of the zonal railways and the production units report to the board. Functional branches The various cadres are as below: Non Technical Services recruitment though Civil Services Examination conducted by UPSC (also known as IAS (allied) Services)

IRTS - Indian Railway Traffic Service IRAS - Indian Railway Accounts Service IRPS - Indian Railway Personnel Service RPF - Railway Protection Force

Technical Services recruitment thorough Indian Engineering Examination conducted by UPSC

IRSE - Indian Railway Service of (Civil) Engineers IRSEE - Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers IRSME - Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers

IRSS - Indian Railway Stores Service IRSSE - Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers

Recruitment through Combined medical Examination conducted by UPSC

IRMS - Indian Railway Medical Service

A vast rail system as India's, the 3rd largest in the world, has been managed at a regional level. Indian Railways has divided itself into 16 zonal railways. Each zone, headed by a General Manager, is semiautonomous and this creates a matrix organisation where the functional branches are under dual control viz.

Operational Control at Zonal level Functional Policy & Guidance from the Railway Board

Regional organisation Zonal management File:RailwayOrgStructure.jpg This is the regional break-up of the organisation Also shows the Divisions of the Indian Railways The current zones of the Indian Railways are Name Central Railway Eastern Railway East Central Railway East Coast Railway Konkan Railway Northern Railway North Central Railway North Western Railway North Eastern Railway Abbr. CR ER ECR Headquarters Mumbai Kolkata Hajipur

ECoR Bhubaneswar KR NR NCR Navi Mumbai Delhi Allahabad

NWR Jaipur NER Gorakhpur Maligaon(Guwahati) Chennai Secunderabad Kolkata

Northeast Frontier Railway NFR Southern Railway South Central Railway South Eastern Railway SR SCR SER

South East Central Railway SECR Bilaspur, CG South Western Railway Western Railway SWR Hubli WR Mumbai

West Central Railway

WCR Jabalpur

Each zone also manages the workshops that are part of it. This does not include the Production Units, which are managed by General Managers reporting directly to the Railway Board. Divisional organisation The Divisional Railway Manager (DRM) heads the organisation at the division level. There are currently 67 divisions on the system nationwide. The divisions are primarily involved with train running but may have loco sheds (repair shops for locomotives), coaching depots (repair home bases for passenger trains) and wagon depots (repair and maintenance points for freight stock). Each division has all the functional (both line and staff) organisations. The heads of these functional groups report to the DRM for administrative purposes but rely on guidance from the railway board and the zonal headquarters for policy guidelines. COACHES Indian Railways run a number of different types of coaches, with different patterns of seating or berths, depending on the class of travel.

The following table lists the classes in operation. Not all classes may be attached to a rake though. Class 1A Description The First class AC: This is the most expensive class, where the fares are on par with airlines. Bedding is included with the fare in IR. This air conditioned coach is present only on popular routes between metropolitan cities and can carry 18 passengers. The coaches are carpeted, have sleeping accommodation and have privacy features like personal coupes. AC-Two tier: Air conditioned coaches with sleeping berths, ample leg room, curtains and individual reading lamps. Berths are usually arranged in two tiers in bays of six, four across the width of the coach then the gangway then two berths longways, with curtains provided to give some privacy from those walking up and down. Bedding is included with the fare. A broad gauge coach can carry 48 passengers. First class: Same as 1AC, without the air conditioning. This class is not very common. AC three tier: Air conditioned coaches with sleeping berths. Berths are usually arranged as in 2AC but with three tiers across the width and two longways as before giving eight bays of eight. They are slightly less well appointed, usually no reading lights or curtained off gangways. Bedding is included with fare. It carries 64 passengers in broad gauge. AC three tier (Economy): Air conditioned coaches with sleeping berths, present in Garib Rath Trains. Berths are usually arranged as in 3AC but with three tiers across the width and three longways. They are slightly less well appointed, usually no reading lights or curtained off gangways. Bedding is usually excluded from fare and is available with a payement of Rs.25\per passenger. AC chair car: An air-conditioned seater coach with a total of five seats in a row used for day travel between cities. Executive class chair car: An air-conditioned seater coach with a total of four seats in a row

2A

FC 3A

3E

CC EC

used for day travel between cities. SL Sleeper class: The sleeper class is the most common coach, and usually ten or more coaches could be attached. These are regular sleeping coaches with three berths vertically stacked. In broad gauge, it carries 72 passengers per coach. Railways have modified certain Sleeper Coaches on popular trains to accommodate 81 passengers in place of regular 72 passengers. This was done in order to facilitate benefits like clear the Passenger rush and simultaneously earn more revenue. But this has got lukewarm response with criticism from the travellers and railways has decided to remove them. Seater class: same as AC Chair car, but with bench style seats and without the air-conditioning. Unreserved: The cheapest accommodation, with seats made of pressed wood and are rarely cushioned. Although entry into the compartment is guaranteed, a sitting seat is not guaranteed. Tickets issued are valid on any train on the same route if boarded within 24 hours of buying the ticket. These coaches are usually very crowded.

2S UR/GEN