PHNG TRNH L N G GIAC KHONG MAU MC

Tr n g h p 1: TO N G HAI SO KHO N G A M

CHNG VIII

A p dun g
Ba i 156

Ne u

A 0 B 0 th A = B = 0 A + B = 0

Gia i phng trnh: 4 cos2 x + 3tg 2 x 4 3 cos x + 2 3tgx + 4 = 0 (*)

Ta co :

(*) 2 cos x 3

) +(
2

3tgx + 1

=0

3 cos x = 2 tgx = 1 3 x = + k2, k 6 tgx = 1 3 x=

Ba i 157

+ k2, k 6

Gia i phng trnh: 8 cos 4x.cos2 2x + 1 cos 3x + 1 = 0 ( *)

Ta co : ( *) 4 cos 4x (1 + cos 4x ) + 1 + 1 cos 3x = 0

( 4 cos2 4x + 4 cos 4x + 1) + 1 cos 3x = 0 ( 2 cos 4x + 1) + 1 cos 3x = 0 1 cos 4x = 2 cos 3x = 1 1 cos 4x = 2 x = k2 , k 3 1 cos 4x = 2 3x = k2, k
2

(co 3 au ngon cung)

1 cos 4x = 2 2 2 x = +m2 hay x = m2 hay x = + m2 , m 3 3 2 x= + m2, m 3 (ta nha n k = 1 va loa i k = 0 )

Ba i 158 Gia i phng trnh: sin 2 3x sin2 x + ( cos 3x sin3 x + sin 3x cos3 x ) = sin x sin2 3x ( *) 3sin 4x Ta co : cos 3x.sin 3 3x + sin 3x.cos3 x = ( 4 cos3 x 3 cos x ) sin 3 x + ( 3 sin x 4 sin3 x ) cos3 x

= 3 cos x sin 3 x + 3 sin x cos3 x = 3 sin x cos x ( cos2 x sin 2 x ) = 3 3 sin 2x. cos 2x = sin 4x 2 4 1 Vay: ( *) sin 2 x + sin2 3x = sin x sin2 3x va sin 4x 0 4
1 1 1 sin 2 3x sin x sin4 3x + sin2 3x = 0 va sin 4x 0 4 4 2 1 1 sin 2 3x sin x + sin 2 3x (1 sin2 3x ) = 0 va sin 4x 0 4 2 1 1 sin2 3x sin x + sin2 6x = 0 va sin 4x 0 16 2 sin 4x 0 1 sin 2 3x = sin x 2 sin 3x = 0 cos 3x = 0
2 2 2

sin 4x 0 sin 4x 0 1 sin 3x = 0 = sin x sin x = 0 (VN) 2 sin 3x = 1 sin 4x 0 1 sin x = 2 3 sin x 4 sin 3 x = 1

sin 4x 0 1 sin x = 2 sin 4x 0 5 x = 6 + k2 6 + k2, k 5 x = + k2 x = + k2, k 6 6

Trng hp 2

Neu
Ba i 159

A M B th A = B = M A = B

Phng phap oi lap

Gia i phng trnh:

sin4 x cos4 x = sin x + cos x (*)

Ta co : (*) sin2 x cos2 x = sin x + cos x

cos 2x = sin x + cos x cos 2x 0 2 cos 2x = 1 + 2 sin x cos x cos 2x 0 cos 2x 0 2 sin 2x = 2 sin 2x sin 2x = 0 (cos 2x = 1 ) cos 2x = 1 x= + k, k 2

Ca c h kha c Ta co sin 4 x cos4 x sin4 x sin x sin x + cos x Do o

cos x = 0 cos x = 0 x = + k, k (*) 4 2 sin x = sin x

Ba i 160:

Gia i phng trnh: ( cos 2x cos 4x ) = 6 + 2 sin 3x (*)

Ta co : (*) 4 sin 2 3x.sin 2 x = 6 + 2 sin 3x Do: sin 2 3x 1 va sin 2 x 1 ne n 4 sin 2 3x sin 2 x 4 Do sin 3x 1 ne n 6 + 2 sin 3x 4 Va y 4 sin 2 3x sin 2 x 4 6 + 2 sin 3x Da u = cu a phng trnh (*) u n g khi va ch khi

sin2 3x = 1 sin2 x = 1 2 sin x = 1 sin 3x = 1 sin 3x = 1 x = + k2, k x = + k2, k 2 2 sin 3x = 1

Ba i 161

cos3 x sin 3 x = 2 cos 2x (*) sin x + cos x ie u kie n : sin x 0 cos x 0 Ta co : (*) ( cos x sin x )(1 + sin x cos x ) = 2 ( cos2 x sin 2 x ) sin x + cos x
Gia i phng trnh:

cos x sin x = 0 1 + sin x cos x = 2 ( cos x + sin x ) sin x + cos x Ta co : (1) tgx = 1 x = + k, k 4 Xet (2) Ta co : khi sin x 0 th sin x sin x sin 2 x Tng t cos x cos x cos2 x sin x + cos x 1 va sin x + cos x 1 Va y Suy ra ve phai cu a (2) th 2 1 3 Ma ve tra i cu a (2): 1 + sin 2x 2 2 Do o (2) vo nghie m Va y : (*) x = + k, k 4

(1) (2)

Ba i 162:

Gia i phng trnh:

3 cos x cos x + 1 = 2 (*)

Ta co : (*)

3 cos x = 2 + cos x + 1

3 cos x = 5 + cos x + 4 cos x + 1 2 ( cos x + 1) = 4 cos x + 1

Ta co : 2 ( cos x + 1) 0 x ma 4 cos x + 1 0 x Do o da u = cu a (*) xa y ra cos x = 1 x = + k2 , k

Ba i 163:

Gia i phng trnh:

cos 3x + 2 cos2 3x = 2 (1 + sin2 2x ) (*)

Do ba t a n g th c Bunhiaco p ski:

AX + BY A 2 + B2 . X 2 + Y 2
ne n :
1 cos 3x + 1 2 cos2 3x 2. cos2 3x + ( 2 cos2 3x ) = 2

Da u = xa y ra cos 3x = 2 cos2 3x cos 3x 0 2 2 cos 3x = 2 cos 3x

cos 3x 0 cos 3x = 1 cos 3x = 1 2 (1 + sin 2 2x ) 2

Ma t kha c : Va y :

da u = xa y ra sin 2x = 0

cos 3x + 2 cos2 3x 2 2 (1 + sin2 2x )

da u = cu a (*) ch xa y ra khi: cos 3x = 1 sin 2x = 0

cos 3x = 1 k x = 2 , k ( co 4 au ngon cung ) x = 2m , m

Ba i 164: Gia i phng trnh:
tg 2 x + cotg 2 x = 2 sin 5 x + (*) 4

ie u kie n : sin 2x 0 Do ba t a n g th c Cauchy: tg 2 x + cotg 2 x 2 da u = xa y ra khi tgx = cotgx Ma t kha c : sin x + 1 4 ne n 2 sin5 x + 2 4 da u = xa y ra khi sin x + = 1 4 Do o : tg 2 x + cotg 2 x 2 2 sin5 x + 4 tgx = cotgx Da u = cu a (*) xa y ra sin x + 4 = 1

tg 2 x = 1 x = + k2 , k 4 x = + k2, k 4

Trng hp 3: Ap dun g:

A M va B M A = M th A + B = M + N B = N sin u = 1 sin u + sin v = 2 sin v = 1 sin u = 1 sin u sin v = 2 sin v = 1 sin u = 1 sin u + sin v = 2 sin v = 1

Neu

Tng t cho ca c tr n g hp sau

sin u cos v = 2 ; cos u cos v = 2

Ba i 165: Ta co :

Gia i phng trnh:

cos 2x + cos 3x =2 4

3x 2 = 0 ( *) 4

( *) cos 2x + cos

3x 1 4 ne n da u = cu a (*) ch xa y ra x = k , k cos 2x = 1 x = 8m, m 8h 3x cos 4 = 1 x = 3 , h 8h 8h k= Do : k = 3 3 e k nguyen ta chon h = 3m ( m ) ( th k = 8m ) Do cos 2x 1 va cos

Ca c h kha c cos 2x = 1 3x cos 4 = 1 Ba i 166:

x = k , k 3k cos 4 = 1

x = 8m, m

Gia i phng trnh: cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x = cos x.cos 2x.cos 3x + 2 ( *)

cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x

= 2 cos 3x cos x + 2 cos2 3x 1 = 2 cos 3x ( cos x + cos 3x ) 1

= 4 cos 3x.cos 2x.cos x 1 1 Va y : cos 3x.cos 2x.cos x = ( cos 2x + 6 cos 4x + cos 6x + 1) 4 Do o : 1 9 ( *) cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x = ( cos2x + cos 4x + cos6x ) + 4 4 3 9 ( cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x ) = 4 4 cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x = 3 cos 2x = 1 2x = k2, k (1) (2) cos 4x = 1 cos 4x = 1 cos 6x = 1 cos 6x = 1 (3) 2x = k2, k x = k, k ( The (1) va o (2) va (3) ta tha y hie n nhie n tho a ) Ba i 167: Gia i phng trnh: cos 2x 3 sin 2x 3 sin x cos x + 4 = 0 ( *)
Ta co :

( *) 2 =

1 3 3 1 cos 2x + sin 2x + sin x + cos x 2 2 2 2

2 = sin 2x + sin x + 6 6 sin 2x 6 = 1 2x 6 = 2 + k2, k sin x + = 1 x + = + h2, h 6 2 6

x = 3 + k, k x = + h, h 3 x = + h2, h 3 Ca c h kha c sin 2x 6 = 1 sin 2x 6 = 1 ( *) sin x + = 1 x + = + h2, h 6 6 2

 sin 2x 6 = 1 x = + h2, h 3
Ba i 168:

x=

+ h, h 3

Gia i phng trnh:

4 cos x 2 cos 2x cos 4x = 1 ( *)

Ta co : ( * ) 4 cos x 2 ( 2 cos2 x 1 ) (1 2 sin 2 2x ) = 1

4cosx 4 cos2 x + 8 sin2 x cos2 x = 0 cos x = 0 hay 1 cos x + 2 sin 2 x cos x = 0

cos x = 0 hay 1 + cos x ( 2 sin 2 x 1) = 0 cos x = 0 hay 1 cos x cos 2x = 0 ( * *) 1 cos x = 0 hay 1 ( cos 3x + cos x ) = 0 2 cos x = 0 cos 3x + cos x = 2 cos 3x = 1 cos x = 0 cos x = 1

cos x = 1 cos x = 0 3 4 cos x 3 cos x = 1 cos x = 0 cos x = 1 x=

+ k x = k2, k 2 Ca c h kha c ( * *) cos x = 0 hay cos x cos 2x = 1 cos x = 1 cos x = 1 cos x = 0 cos 2x = 1 cos 2x = 1 x = k2, k x = + k2, k x = + k, k 2 cos 2x = 1 cos 2x = 1 x = + k x = k2, k 2 Ba i 169: Gia i phng trnh: 1 tg2x + tg3x + = 0 ( *) sin x cos 2x cos 3x

( loai )

ie u kie n : sin 2x cos 2x cos 3x 0 Lu c o : sin 2x sin 3x 1 + + =0 ( *) cos 2x cos 3x sin x.cos 2x.cos 3x sin 2x sin x cos 3x + sin 3x sin x.cos 2x + 1 = 0

sin x ( sin 2x cos 3x + sin 3x cos 2x ) + 1 = 0

 sin x.sin 5x = 1 1 ( cos 6x cos 4x ) = 1 2 cos 6x cos 4x = 2 cos 6x = 1 cos 4x = 1

Do o : (*) vo nghie m . Ca c h kha c

t = cos 2x 3 4t 3t = 1 2 2t 1 = 1

t = cos 2x 3 4t 3t = 1 t = 0

sin x = 1 sin x = 1 hay sin x. sin 5x = 1 sin 5x = 1 sin 5x = 1 x = + k2, k x = + k2, k hay 2 2 sin 5x = 1 sin 5x = 1
x

Ba i 170:

Gia i phng trnh: cos2 3x.cos 2x cos2 x = 0 ( *)

1 1 (1 + cos 6x ) cos 2x (1 + cos 2x ) = 0 2 2 cos 6x cos 2x = 1

Ta co : ( * )

1 ( cos 8x + cos 4x ) = 1 2 cos 8x + cos 4x = 2 cos 8x = 1 cos 4x = 1 2 cos2 4x 1 = 1 cos 4x = 1 cos2 4x = 1 cos 4x = 1 cos 4x = 1 4x = k2, k k ,k x= 2 Ca c h kha c cos 6x cos 2x = 1 cos 2x = 1 cos 2x = 1 hay cos 6x = 1 cos 6x = 1

2x = k2, k 2x = + k2, k hay cos 6x = 1 cos 6x = 1 k x= ,k 2 Ca c h kha c cos 8x = 1 cos 8x = 1 cos 4x = 1 4x = k2, k k x= ,k 2

Do o ta co
sin x cos x
m

Trng hp 4: DUNG KHAO SAT HAM SO x y = a la ham giam khi 0< a <1.
< sin x < co s x
n

n > m, x
n

+ k , k + k , k

n > m, x

sin x cos x

m m

sin x co s x

n m, x
n

n m, x

Ba i 171:

Gia i phng trnh: 1

x2 = cos x ( *) 2

Ta co : ( *) 1 = Xe t

x2 + cos x tren R 2 Ta co : y ' = x sin x va y '' = 1 cos x 0 x R Do o y(x) la ha m o n g bie n tre n R Va y x ( 0, ) : x > 0 nen y ' ( x ) > y ' ( 0) = 0 y=

x2 + cos x 2

x ( , 0) : x < 0 nen y ' ( x ) < y ' ( 0) = 0

Do o :

Va y : y =

x2 + cos x 1 x R 2 Da u = cu a (*) ch xa y ra ta i x = 0 Do o ( *) x = 0

Ba i 172: Gia i phng trnh

sin 4 x + sin 6 x = sin 8 x + sin10 x (*)

Ta co
sin 4 x sin 8 x va dau =xay ra khi va ch khi sin 2 x = 1hay sinx = 0 6 10 2 sin x sin x va dau =xay ra khi va ch khi sin x = 1 hay sinx = 0

sin 2 x = 1 sinx = 0 x = + k 2 x = k 2 , k 2

Ca c h kha c (*) sin 4 x = 0 hay 1+ sin 2 x = sin 4 x + sin 6 x

sin x = 0 hay sin 2 x =1

Gia i ca c phng trnh sau

1. 2. 3.

BAI TAP

lg ( sin2 x ) 1 + sin 3 x = 0

4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

sin 4x cos 4x = 1 + 4 2 sin x 4 1 sin 2 x + sin 2 3x = sin x. sin 2 3x 4 sin x = cos x

2 cos x + 2 sin 10x = 3 2 + 2 cos 28x. sin x

( cos 4x cos 2x )

= 5 + sin 3x

sin x + cos x = 2 ( 2 sin 3x ) sin 3x ( cos 2x 2 sin 3x ) + cos 3x (1 + sin 2x 2 cos 3x ) = 0 tgx + tg2x = sin 3x cos 2x 2 log a ( cot gx ) = log 2 ( cos x )
2sin x = cos x vi x 0, 2 13 14 cos x + sin x = 1 cos 2x cos 6x + 4 ( sin 2x + 1) = 0 sin x + cos x = 2 ( 2 cos 3x ) sin3 x + cos3 x = 2 sin4 x cos2 x 4 cos x 2x sin x + x 2 + 3 = 0 sin x 2 + sin x = sin 2 x + cos x 3 cot g 2 x + 4 cos2 x 2 3 cot gx 4 cos x + 2 = 0
Th.S Phm Hng Danh (TT luyn thi Vnh Vin)