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Name:Lilis Napisah NPM:14211100 Class:1EA26 TENSES
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BAB I

Understanding of tenses by: 1. Buku Pintar Tenses by Drs. Arif Yosodipuro, MM Tenses derived from the singular "tenses", which means time. That is a form of time spent in English, when we do activities, because in English we are doing at the present, past, future, we must change the verb form, and sentence patterns. 2. "Buku Pintar Pelajaran" by Drs.Joko Untoro and friends Tense is a verb form in English, which changes depending on the time and circumstances (nature of) events that are strung in a sentence context. 3. English Verb Tenses by Kent Uchiyama One of the forms which a verb takes by inflection or by adding auxiliary words, so as to indicate the time of the action or event signified; the modification which verbs undergo for the indication of time. 4. English dictionary" by Drs.Susilo Riwayadi & Dra.Suci Nur Anisyah Tenses is one of the inflected forms in the conjugation of a verb that indicates the time, such as past, present, or future, as well as the continuance or completion of the action.

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BAB II
1.Present Tense Present Tense in English or Simple Present Tense is used to declare events, activities and so is the case today. Present Tense is also used to express a fact, or something that happens over and over again the days of now.When to use s or es and when not to? if Subject He, She, It, John, Mufli, Ellen or third person the single verb plus s or es. Not just add s or es. In the above sentence there are third person singular term. The third person is the person we are talking about. Negative form, meaning that states are not. So according to the formula Present Tense, after the subject plus a DO or DOES, NOT new, then add first verb form without S or ES again.For I,you,they,we added Do.For He,She,it added Does.
The formula is: Positive : S+V1(s/ es) Negative: S + do/ does+ not + V1 Q : Do / Does + S + V1

2.Present Continuous Tense Present continuous tense is used to declare an event or events that are happening at the time the conversation occurred (at the moment of speaking), discuss a plan that would happen, and to declare an act which took place around the time of the conversation, with a grace period that shows the concept is now.Grace period may last for several minutes, hours, days, weeks, or years. Note: Known in English the verb has the present tense (now, at the moment, right now) but may not use the Present Continuous Tense except in special circumstances. Such verbs are called stative verbs. Talk about a fact or circumstance should be in Present Simple. The verbs are: Appear,know,need,seem,believe,love,like,remember,belong,mean,understand,suppose,forget,own ,wish,want,hate,prefer,taste,see,hear,realize,smell,have.
The formula is: Positive Negative Q : S + Tobe + V ing : S + Tobe+ Not+ V ing : Tobe + S + V ing

3.Present Perfect Tense Present perfect tense is used to declare an action that occurred in the past, but the timing is not always (not specific), to declare an event or activity that just took place, and declare an action that has been perfect in the past, but is related to other activities in the present or future. Description of time that is usually used in the present perfect tense: has, since, because, however, only. Tenses is also to state that a job or event: 1.have been completed or occur at the time sentence was made.
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2.if followed by the word "for" or "since" behind him, implies that the incident is still ongoing at the time of the sentence made.
The formula is: Positive Negative Q : S + have/has + V3 : S + have/has Not + V3 :Have/has + S + V3

4.Present Perfect Continuous Tense Tenses which one is used to declare an event, an event that already happened and is still going on, or even very likely continue. From the past until now and even later. The word "already" or "from the first" here could have been yesterday, 2 hours ago, a century ago, it could be a few minutes ago. The point about the events described in the Present Continuous Tense Pefect is actually similar to the Present Continuous Tense, only this time the emphasis is not on, but the period of time, as has been, is and will remain.
The formula is: Positive Negative Q : S + have/has + been + V ing : S + have/has + not + been + V ing : Have/has + S + been + V ing

5.Simple Past Tense simple past tense is used to describe an event that has happened in the past and explain the events that may recur in the past. Description of time that is usually used in the simple past tense: yesterday, last year, last, just now, last week, two days ago, lasat month, and others.
The formula is: Positive Negative Q : S + V2 : S + did not+V1 : Did+S+V1

6. Past Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense is used to denote activities that will or are in the process some time in the past, but also to declare the two events that happened in the past and at the same time. Most forms of "ing", is formed by adding "ing" at the base verb. and if the verb ends in a consonant preceded by a vowel and a consonant, the consonant is doubled, then add "ing".
The formula is: Positive Negative Q : S + Was/were+V ing : S + Was/were+not+V ing : Was/were+S+V ing

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7. Past Perfect tense Past Perfect tense is used to describe an event that has been completed before another event started in the past. We use also the Past Perfect tense to emphasize that an action in the past finished before another action in the past started. This tense is also used in reported speech, third conditional sentences, or to show dissatisfaction with the past. Use 1. Completed action before another action in the past 2. Third conditional sentences 3. Reported speech 4. Dissatisfaction with the past The formula is: Positive Negative Q : S +had+V3 : S + had+not+V3 : Had+S+V3

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Continuous tense is used to declare an event or action that has been started in the past and is still going on in the past also. The Past Perfect Continuous is also used to talk about actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations. There are also other uses. Use 1. Duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past:The main use of the Past Perfect Continuous is to express actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations. 2. Showing cause of an action or situation:Use this tense to show cause of an action or situation in the past. 3. Third conditional sentences:Remember that this tense is also used in third conditional sentences. 4. Reported speech:This tense also appears in Reported speech. The formula is: Positive Negative Q : S +had+been+ V ing : S + had+not+been+ V ing : Had+S+been+V ing

9. Simple Future Tense Future Tense is used to express events or acts committed in the future. there are two patterns in the future tense are: - Be going to -will

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pattern "be going to" is usually used to declare a plan or purpose. while the form of future tense in terms of "will" is usually to express a promise or a sure thing or common.
a)The formula is(be going to): Positive Negative Q : S +to be+going to+V1 : S +to be+not+going to+V1 : to be+S+going to+V1

b)The formula is(will): Positive Negative Q : S +will+V1 : S +will+not+ V1 : will+S +V1

10. Future Continuous Tense Future Continuous Tense is used to declare an event or action that is underway at the time will come. for the subject "I, we" use the word "shall", while for the subject "he, she, it, you, they" use the word "will". However, "I" and "we" can use "will", especially in everyday conversation. Use the Future Continuous also to indicate that we will be in the middle of doing something in a specified time in the future. There are also two other uses, listed below: Use 1. Future actions in progress:The first use of the Future Continuous is to express future action in progress. 2. Guesses about the present or the future:Use this tense also to make guesses about something in the present or future. 3. Polite questions about somebody's intention:And the last use of the tense is to make polite questions about something or somebody.
The formula is: Positive Negative Q : S +will/shall+be+V ing : S + will/shall+not+be+V ing : Will/shall+S+be+V ing

11. Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense is used to declare a job or a deed that has been started at some point, will have been completed at some time to come. The future perfect is also used to describe an event that is expected or planned to happen before another event in the future. It is a grammatical combination of the future tense, or other marking of future time, and the perfect, itself a combination of tense and aspect. to use the word "will / shall" is equal to the previous form of futures: "he, she, it, you, they" use the word "will", while for the "I, we" use the word 'shall'.
The formula is: Positive : S +will/shall+have+V3

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Negative : S + will/shall+not+have+V3 Q : Will/shall+S+ have + V3

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

y

to indicate the length of time that an action continues in the future.Example: At noon tomorrow, my aunt will have been driving a hearse for fifteen years. to show an action in progress until an event happens in the future. Here, we usually make use of the time clause. The future perfect continuous tense may come either before or after the time clause.

a) By the time the bus arrives, we will have been waiting for more than thirty minutes. b) We will have been waiting for more than thirty minutes by the time the bus arrives, Time clause: by the time the bus arrives Main clause: we will have been waiting for more than thirty minutes A comma is placed at the end of a time clause when the time clause comes before the main clause as in (a).Tenses are usually used to Future Perfect Continuous Tense is: by the beginning of this year, by end of this month, by the end of ..
The formula is: Positive Q : S +will/shall+have+been+V ing : Will/shall+S+ have + been+V ing Negative : S + will/shall+not+have+been+V ing

13. Past Future Tense Past Future Tense is used to indicate an event or action that may not happen, because it happened but it will be done in the past. Future Past Tense be used to declare an event or action that will be done in the past. Past Tense Future can also be used to be a clause in conditional sentences, which is the if clause of compliance requirements in the past.
The formula is: Positive Q : S +would/should+V1 : Would/should+S+V1 Negative : S + would/should+not+V1

14.Past Future Continuous Tense Past Future Continuous Tense is used to declare an activity or event that will be taking place in the past,and to explain an event or activity that will be happening in the future in a specific time that is predicted during the conversation takes place.
The formula is: Positive : S +would/should+be+V ing 6|Page

Negative : S + would/should+not+be+V ing Q : Would/should+S+be+V ing

15.Past Future Perfect Tense

Past Future Perfect Tense is used for: -to declare an act that would have been completed in time to come in the past. -to indicate a supposition that can not happen because of course conditions are not met, but only as a supposition about what would happen if the conditions are met. Past Future Perfect Tense can also be used to make conditional sentences in which the assumption is not possible, because of alleged past.

The formula is: Positive Q : S +would/should+have+V3 : Would/should+S+have+V3 Negative : S + would/should+not+have+V3

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to declare an event or action that will have ongoing in the past. description of time that can be used to Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: by the end of ... , by tomorrow
The formula is: Positive Q : S +would/should+have+been+V ing : Would/should+S+have+been+V ing Negative : S + would/should+not+have+been+V ing

Sentence patterns are used : y y By the end of ...+Subjek+Past Future Perfect Continuous+for/since By tommorow .. +Subjek+Past Future Perfect Continuous +for/since

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BAB III
1. Present Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence: I drink coffee. You are a teacher. He has a book. 2 .Negative sentence I do not drink coffee. You are not a teacher. He doesnt have a book. 3.Question sentence Do you drink cofee? Are you a teacher? Does he have a book?

2.Present Continuous Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence: Mother is washing dresses. father is reading a newspaper. she is standing alone here. 2 .Negative sentence The farmer is not working. He is not playing. The teacher is not teaching. 3.Question sentence Is Tony swimming? Are they watching TV? Is she standing alone here?

3.Present Perfect Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence: I have eaten rice. He has been to Bali. She has drunk milk 2. Negative sentence I have not eaten rice. He has not been to Bali. She has not drunk milk. 3. Question sentence Have you eaten? Has he been to Bali? Has She drunk milk?

4.Present Perfect Continuous Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence: Father have been reading newspaper since an hour ago. Mother has been cooking rice since morning. The dog has been eating bone for an hour. 2. Negative sentence:We havent been living here for a year. Ani hasnt been reading this novel since yesterday. I havent been doing homework since two days ago. 3. Question sentence:Has Dodi been playing for two hours? Have you been waiting for the train since morning? Have they been waiting for the docter since seven oclock? 5.Simple Past Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence: She washed her dresses. We went to Malang last week. She swam justnow. 8|Page 2 .Negative sentence She didnt wash her dresses. We didnt go to Malang last week. She didnt swim justnow. 3.Question sentence Did she wash her dresses? Did we go to Malang last week? Did she swim justnow?

6.Past Continuous Tense Exp.1.Positive sentence :Wati was drinking a glass of milk when you called me. You were playing when the accident happened. Mother was cooking rice when I went to school. 2.Negative sentence:Wati wasnt drinking a glass of milk when you called me. You werent playing when the accident happened. Mother wasnt cooking rice when I went to school. 3. Question sentence:Was Wati drinking a glass of milk when you called me? Were you playing when the accident happened? Was mother cooking rice when I went to school? 7.Past Perfect Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence:Mother had cooked when my sister came. He had paid his debt before I gave him money. They had left their house before you reached. 2.Negative sentence: Mother had not cooked when my sister came. He had not paid his debt before I gave him money. They had not left their house before you reached. 3. Question sentence:Had mother cooked when my sister came? Had he paid his debt before I gave him money? Had they left their house before you reached?

8.Past Perfect Continuous Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence:She had been washing her dress before you left. They had been leaving before their parents came. He had been studying English when I arrived there . 2.Negative sentence:She had not been washing her dress before you left They had not been leaving before their parents came. He had not been studying English when I arrived there. 3. Question sentence:Had she been washing her dress before you left? Had they been leaving before their parents came? Had he been studying English when I arrived there ?

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9.Simple Future Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence: She is going to be here tomorrow. He is going to buy a new car. We are going to play football. Exp: 1.Positive sentence: We will have a holiday tomorrow. The meeting will last for an hour. They will finish the work in May. 2.Negative sentence: We will not have a holiday tomorrow. The meeting will not last for an hour. They will not finish the work in May. 3. Question sentence: Will we have a holiday tomorrow? Will the meeting last for an hour? Will they finish the work in May? 2.Negative sentence She is not going to be here tomorrow. He is not going to buy a new car. We are not going to play football. 3.Question sentence: Is she going to be here tomorrow? Is he going to buy a new car? Are we going to play football?

10.Future Continuous Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence: I will be waiting for you next week . She will be cutting her hair tomorrow. He will be working at this office next month. 3. Question sentence: Wiil you be waiting for me next week? Will she be cutting her hair tomorrow? Will he be working at this office next month? 2.Negative sentence: I will not be waiting for you next week. She will not be cutting her hair tommorow. He will not be working at this office next month.

11.Future Perfect Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence 2.Negative sentence 3. Question sentence :When you come tomorrow,I shall have prepared the material of meeting. :I hope that next month you will not have forgotten what you have done. :Will you have studied before the final examination in May?

12.Future Perfect Continuous Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence 2.Negative sentence 3. Question sentence :By March 1990 we shall have been living in Surabaya for two years. :My sisters will not been studying English for five year next month. :Will they have been living there for nine years by next month?

13.Past Future Tense 10 | P a g e

Exp 1.Positive sentence: Toni would swim yesterday. I should be here justnow. We should play football yesterday. 2.Negative sentence Toni would not swim yesterday. I should not be here justnow. We should not play football yesterday. 3.Question sentence: Would Toni swim yesterday? Should I be here justnow? Should we play football yesterday?

14.Past Future Continuous Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence :Uncle would be painting the wall.

2.Negative sentence :Uncle would not be painting the wall. 3. Question sentence :Would Uncle be painting the wall?

15.Past Future Perfect Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence :Father would have repaired his car.

2.Negative sentence :Father would not have repaired his car. 3. Question sentence :Would Father have repaired his car?

16.Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense Exp: 1.Positive sentence :Tina would have been studying English for nine month by last June.

2.Negative sentence :Tina would not have been studying English for nine month by last June. 3.Question sentence :Would Tina have been studying English for nine month by last June ?

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Referensi "English dictionary" by Drs.Susilo Riwayadi & Dra.Suci Nur Anisyah English Verb Tenses by Kent Uchiyama in 2006 Buku Pintar Pelajaran" by Drs.Joko Untoro and friends Buku Pintar Tenses by Drs. Arif Yosodipuro, MM

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