N KT CU THP S 2

THIT K KHUNG NGANG NH CNG NGHIP MT TNG, MT NHP

I. NHIM V THIT K.
S liu cho trc:

Nhp
khung
L (m)


Bc
khung
B (m)


Cao trnh
nh ray
H1 (m)


Sc nng
cu trc
Q (T)


dc mi
i %

L nh(m)
Vng gi -
Dng a hnh
27 6 7 10 20 90 II.A

+ Thit k khung ngang nh cng nghip mt tng, mt nhp vi s liu cho.
Vt liu thp c s hiu CT34s, c cng tnh ton: =
2
21 / f kN cm ; =
2
12 /
v
f kN cm
; =
2
32 /
c
f kN cm
+ Hn tay, dng que hn N42. Trng lng ring ca thp
3
7850 / kg m =
+ B tng mng cp bn B20 c R
b
= 1,15 kN/cm
2
II. XC NH KCH THC CHNH KHUNG NGANG
1. La chn dm cu trc, cu trc, ray, lp lt ray
1.1. Cu trc
Vi nhp nh L= 27m, sc trc Q = 10T (ch lm vic trung bnh) th khong cch t
mp ngoi ct n trc nh v a = 0, chn =750. Ta chn cn trc c cc thng s sau:
Bng cc s liu cu trc
Sc trc
Q(T)
Nhp Lk
(m)
Chiu cao
gabarit
H
k
(m)
Kh.Cch
Zmin(m)
B rng
gabarit
B
k
(m)
B rng
y K
(m)
T.lng
cu trc
G(T)
T.lng
xe con G
xe

(T)
p lc
P
max

(KN)
p lc
P
min
(KN)
10 25.5 0.96 0,18 4.5 3,8 11 0.833 77.3 27.7
1.3. Ray v lp lt ray
Chiu cao ca ray v cc lp m chn s b l:H
r
= 200mm

Mt ct ngangdm cu trc, Ray v Gabarit cu trc


2
0
4
6
0
2
0
5
0
0
200
12
2
0
0
200
x x
y
y
Bk=4500
K=3800 P
max
P
max

2. Xc nh kch thc chnh khung ngang
2.1. Theo phng ng
+Chiu cao t mt ray cu trc n y x ngang:
= + =
2 k k
H = H + b 0,96 0,3 1,26(m)
* Vi H
k
= 0,96 (m) - tra catalo cu trc (Bng II.3 ph lc)
b
k
= 0,3 (m) - khe h an ton gia cu trc v x ngang
Chn H
2
= 1,3 (m)
+Chiu cao ca ct khung, tnh t mt mng n y x ngang
+ = + + =
1 2 3
H = H + H H 7 1,3 0.7 9(m)
Trong :
H
1
- cao trnh nh ray H
1
= 7 (m)
H
3
- phn ct chn di nn, H
3
=0.7(m) bng b tng
+Chiu cao phn ct tnh t vai ct dm cu trc n y x ngang:
+ = + + =
t 2 dct r
H = H + H H 1,3 0,5 0,2 2(m)
+Chiu cao phn ct tnh t mt mng n vai ct:
= = = 9 2 7
d t
H H H m
2.2. Theo phng ngang
+Chiu cao tit din ct chn theo yu cu cng:
( )
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
1 1 1 1
h = H= .8.3= 0.55 0.42 (m)
15 20 15 20

Chn h = 44 (cm)
+Kim tra khe h gia cu trc v ct khung:
= =
min
z = - h 0,75 0,44 0,31(m)>z =0,18(m)

Cc kch thc chnh ca khung ngang

8
3
0
0
+ 7.00
0.000
+ 6.30
+ 8.30
+ 11.0
750 25500 750
i=20%
6
3
0
0
700
a
27000
b
q = 10t
2
0
0
0

2.3. S tnh khung ngang
Da trn sc nng ca cu trc chn phng n ct c tit din khng thay i, vi cng
l I
1
. V nhp khung l 27 m nn chn phng n x ngang c tit din thay i hnh nm,
d kin v tr thay i tit din cch u x 4.5 m. Vi on x di 4.5 m, cng u x
v cui x l I
1
/ I
2
tng ng (gi thit cng ca x v ct ti ch lin kt x - ct l nh
nhau). Vi on x di 9 m, cng u x v cui x gi thit bng I
2
(tit din khng
thay i). Do nh c cu trc nn chn kiu lin kt gia ct vi mng l ngm ti mt
mng (ct 0.000). Lin kt gia ct vi x ngang v lin kt ti nh x ngang l cng.
Trc ct khung ly trng vi trc nh v n gin ho tnh ton v thin v an ton. S
tnh khung ngang nh hnh v.


S tnh khung ngang

VTRTHAY I TIT DIN
4500 9000 9000 4500
27000
6
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
7
0
0
+ 6.30
+ 8.30
0.000
+ 11.0
700
I1
I1
I1
I1
I2
I2
I2
O N X 1
O N X 2

IV.THIT K X G MI
1. TI TRNG
1.1. Tnh ti
+ Chn tm lp mi ''TCHR'' roof panel cch nhit c chiu cao T= 130mm
q
tc
= 0,121(kN/cm
2
)

Cu to tm lp mi
Cc thng s vt liu:
Chiu cao
T mm
Trng
lng
kg/m
2

I
x

cm
4

Per 1m
Width
S
x

cm
3

Per 1m
Width
U-Valve
W/m
2
.K
R-Valve
m
2
.K/W
130 12,08 289,9 44,2 0,17 5,88

+ Tng tn bao che ta dng loi Profile "B" Steel panel:





Da vo catalo ca nh sn xut.Ta la chn loi c chiu dy 0,7mm
Cc thng s vt liu
Chiu
dy
mm
Trng
lng
kg/m
2

Thng s chu nn phn sng Thng s chu nn phn bng
Kh nng chu
ct v chu
un
I
x

cm
4

S
x

Top
cm
3

S
x

botom
cm
3

Ma
kNm
I
x

cm
4

S
x

Top
cm
3

S
x

botom
cm
3

Ma
kNm
V
a

kN
P
a

kN
0,70 6,55 7,57 2,84 11,76 0,59 4,46 2,41 2,64 0,50 12,67 6,16
+ Chn s b x g ch C m hiu 7cs2,5x059 c cc thng s:
236.84
x
I = cm
4
26.93
y
I = cm
4

18 D cm =
0
1.87 X cm =
0.0384
tc
q = kN/m 4.92 A= cm
2

Khong cch gia cc x g:
0
1, 5
1, 53
cos11.3
=
m
Bng tng hp ti trng bn thn
Vt liu n v
Ti trng tiu
chun
H s vt ti
Ti trng tnh
ton
Tm lp kN/m
2
0,1208 1,1 0,133
X g ch
7CS2,5x059
kN/m 0,0384 1,05 0.04
Tm tng kN/m
2
0,0655 1,05 0,0688
1.2. Hot ti
Ti trng hot ti xc nh theo TCVN 2737-1995.
p
tc
= 0,3 kN/m
2
, h s vt ti l n = 1,3.
+ Hot ti tnh ton
. . 1, 3 0, 3 0, 39
tt tc
p n p = = = (kN/m
2
)
1.3. Ti trng tc dng ln x g gia
(0,1208 0.3) 1, 53 0, 0384 0.68
tc
q = + + = (kN/m)
0,133 1, 53 0, 04 0, 39 1, 53 0,84
tt
q = + + = (kN/m)
2. Tnh ton x g
La chn vt liu thp to hnh ngui thnh mngtit din ch C, vi loi x g tit din
ch C m hiu 7CS2,5x059 b tr trong khong gia nh cn vi loi tit din ch C b tr
theo mp bin dc nh nh hnh v:



Mt bng b tr x g
2.1. X g ch C
Xt ti trng tc dng ln x g theo h trc to Oxy c trc Ox to vi phng ngang 1
gc 11.3
0
0 0
11.3 0, 68 s11.3 0, 67
tc tc
x
q q cos co = = = (kN/m)
0 0
sin11.3 0, 68sin11.3 0.133
tc tc
y
q q = = = (kN/m)
0 0
s11.3 0.84cos11.3 0.82
tt tt
x
q q co = = = (kN/m)
0 0
sin11.3 0.84sin11.3 0.16
tt tt
y
q q = = = (kN/m)


B A
B
L
Ging x g
X ngang X g
X g bin
tit din ch C
X g gia
tit din ch C
Ct
q
qx
qy
11.3
x
x
y
y


S tnh x g

+ Kim tra iu kin bn x g:
.
y
x
c
x y
M
M
f
W W
o = + s
2 2
. 0, 82 6
3, 7
8 8
tt
x
x
q B
M

= = = (kNm)
2
2
.
0,16 6
0,18
32 32
tt
y
y
q B
M

= = =
(kNm)
2 2
2 2
3, 7 10 9 0,18 10 (6.4 1.87)
17.1 / 21 /
236.84 26.93
y
x
c
x y
M
M
kN cm f kN cm
W W
o

= + = + = < =
+ Kim tra vng x g:
Theo phng oy:

4 4
8 8
5 . 5 0, 67 6
. . 0, 023
384 . 384 2,1 10 236,84.10
tc
x
x
q B
E I

A = = =

(m)
iu kin kim tra:
3 3
23 1
3,83 10 5 10
600 200
y
B B

A
A
(
= = < = =
(


Vy x g chn m bo iu kin chu lc v vng.
*)Khi x g chu titrng gi
tnh tItcdng ln x g l
1
0,1208 1, 53 0, 0384 0.223
tc
q = + = (kN/m)

1
0,133 1, 53 0, 04 0.243
tt
q = + = (kN/m)
Hot tI gi : gi bc, theo tnh ton tI trng gi ln khung ngang ta c
2
2.8 1.53/ 6 0.714( / )
tt
q kN m = = ;
2
2.33 1.53/ 6 0.59
tc
q = = (kN/m)
C phng tc dng vung gc vi mt mi.
+ Ti trng tc dng ln x g
0
0, 9 0, 223cos11.3 ( 0, 59) 0, 4
tc
x
q = + = (kN/m)
0
0, 9 0, 243 cos11.3 ( 0, 714) 0, 5
tt
x
q = + = (kN/m)
0
0,9 0, 243sin11.3 0, 043
tt
y
q = = (kN/m)

tt
qb
2
8
M=
q =0,5kN/m
tt
6000
m


+ Kim tra iu kin bn x g:
.
y
x
c
x y
M
M
f
W W
o = + s
2 2
. 0,5 6
2, 25
8 8
tt
x
x
q B
M

= = = (kNm)
2
2
.
0, 043 6
0.05
32 32
tt
y
y
q B
M

= = =
(kNm)
2 2
2 2
2, 25 10 9 0,05 10 (6.4 1.87)
9, 4( / ) . 21( / )
236.84 26.93
y
x
c
x y
M
M
kN cm f kN cm
W W
o

= + = + = < =

+ Kim tra vng x g:

4 4
3
8 8
5 . 5 0, 4 6
. . 13, 4 10
384 . 384 2,1 10 236,84 10
tc
x
x
x
q B
E I

A = A = = =

(m)
iu kin kim tra:
3 3
0, 0134 1
2, 23.10 5 10
6 200
y
B B

A
A
(
= = < = =
(


Vy x g chn m bo iu kin chu lc v vng.


V. XC NH CC LOI TI TRNG TC DNG VO KHUNG NGANG
1. Tnh ti (ti trng thng xuyn)
dc mi i = 20% o = 11.3
0
(sino = 0,196; coso = 0.98)
* Ti trng thng xuyn tc dng ln khung ngang bao gm:
+ Trng lng cc lp mi
+ Trng lng bn thn x g
+ Trng lng bn thn khung ngang v dm cu trc
+ Ti trng bn thn cc tm lp, lp cch nhit v x g mI ly 0,15 kN/m
2
Tng tnh ti phn b tc dng ln x ngang:
1
1,1 0,15 6 0, 99
tt
q q = = = (kN/m)

g
:h s vt ti ca tnh ti(
g
= 1,05)
+ Ti trng x g tng v tm tng:
Ti trng x g tng v tm tng a v thnh lc tp trung G tc dng nh ct v b
qua mmen gy ra bi lch tm.
1.1 0.15 6 8.3 8.22
tt
G = = (kN)
+ Ti trng bn thn dm cu trc v ray: chn s b 1kN/m
Ti ny tc dng ln vai ct khi tnh ton ta a v tim ct di dng 1 lc tp trung v 1
mmen lch tm t ti cao trnh vai ct:
1,05 1 6 6,3
tt
G = = (kN)
6,3 0,5 3,15
tt tt
M G e = = = (kNm)



S tnh khung vi ti trng thng xuyn (tnh ti)
2. Hot ti
2.1. Hot ti sa cha
Ti trng hot ti xc nh theo TCVN 2737-1995.
Tr s tiu chun ca hot ti thi cng hoc sa cha mi (mi lp tn) l
3,15 kNm
8,22 kN
6,3 kN
0.000
+ 6.30
+ 8.30
3,15 kNm
6,3 kN
8,22 kN
7
0
0
0,99 kN/m
2
0
0
0
6
3
0
0

p
tc
= 0,3 kN/m
2
, h s vt ti l n = 1,3. Quy i v ti trng phn b u trn x ngang
nh hnh v.
+ Hot ti tnh ton
. . 1, 3 0, 3 6 2, 34
tt tc
p n p B = = = (kN/m)



Hot ti mi

2.2. Ti trng gi
Ti trng gi tc dng vo khung ngang gm hai thnh phn l gi tc dng vo ct
v gi tc dng ln trn mi. Theo TCVN 2737 - 1995 . H Ni phn vng gi II-A
c p lc gi tiu chun W
0
= 0,83 kN /m
2
h s vt ti l 1,2. Cn c vo hnh
dng mt bng v gc dc mi cc h s kh ng xc nh theo s trong bng
III.3 ph lc + Ni suy.

0
11.3 o = ;
1
8.3
0, 31
27
h
L
= =

1
0.26
e
C =
2
0.4
e
C =
3
0, 5
e
C =


S xc nhh s kh ng

Gi tr tnh ton ca thnh phn tnh ca ti trng gi cao Z so vi mc tiu chun tc
dng ln 1m
2
b mt thng ng xc nh theo cng thc:
0
. . . .
p
q W k c B =

2,34 kN/m
o
c



=
-
0
,
5
e
3 c

=
+
0
,
8
c =-0,26
e1
c =-0,4
e2
e 8
3
0
0
27000

k: H s k n s thay i p lc gi theo chiu cao, ph thuc theo dng a hnh, p dng
dng a hnh B, h s k c xc nh:
+ Mc nh ct, cao trnh 8,3 m
1
1.143 k =
+ Mc nh mi, cao trnh 11 m
2
1.192 k =
Phn ti trng gi tc dng t nh ct tr xung chn ct h s k ly:

1
1.143 k k = =
Phn ti trng gi tc dng t nh ct tr ln nh mi h s k ly trung bnh:
1 2
1.143 1.192
1.17
2 2
k k
k
+ +
= = =
+ Ti trng gi ln ct:
+ Pha n gi:
( )
1
0,83 1.143 0,8 6 4,54
tc
q = = (kN/m)
1 1
1, 2 4,54 5, 45
tt tc
p
q q = = = (kN/m)
+ Pha khut gi:
( )
2
0,83 1.143 0,5 6 2,85
tc
q = = (kN/m)
2 2
1, 2 2,85 3.42
tt tc
p
q q = = = (kN/m)
+ Ti trng gi ln mi:
Trn thc t ti ny truyn ln khung di dng lc tp trung ti im t cc x g, s
lng lc tp trung > 5 nn ta c th quy v ti phn b.

+ Gi na tri:
( )
0,83 1.17 0, 26 6 1,51
tc
q = = (kN/m)
1, 2 1,51 1.81
tt tc
p
q q = = = (kN/m)
+ Gi na phi:
( )
0,83 1.17 0, 4 6 2,33
tc
q = = (kN/m)
1, 2 2,33 2,8
tt tc
p
q q = = = (kN/m)


5
,
4
5

k
N
/
m
3
,
4
2

k
N
/
m
1,81 kN
/m
2,8 kN
/m


Ti trng gi tri sang


Ti trng gi phi sang

2.3. Hot ti cu trc
Ti trng cu trc tc dng ln khung ngang bao gm p lc ng v lc hm ngang, cc
thnh phn c xc nh nh sau:
a) p lc ng ca cu trc
p lc thng ng ln nht do cu trc truyn ln vai ct D
max
xc nh theo ng nh
hng phn lc gi ta ca dm v xp cc bnh xe ca 2 cu trc st nhau vo v tr bt li
nht, xc nh c cc tung y
i
ca ng nh hng, t xc nh c p lc thng
ng ln nht v nh nht ca cc bnh xe cu trc ln ct:
( ) 1 0,367 0,883 0, 25 2,5 y
i
= + + + =

max max
. . . 0,85 1,1 77,3 2,5 180, 7
tc
c p
D n P y
i
= = =
(kN)
min min
. . . 1,1 0,85 27, 7 2,5 64, 75
tc
c p
D n P y
i
= = = (kN)
Trong : n
c
= 0,85 l h s t hp khi xt ti trng do hai cu trc ch nh hoc trung
bnh.
im t ca D
max
, D
min
trng vi im t ca dm cu trc. Ti ny tc dng ln vai ct
khi tnh ton ta a v tim ct di dng 1 lc tp trung v 1 mmen lch tm e =a+ -
0,5h =750-0,5x450~500mm=0,5m.
+ Tr s ca mmen lch tm tng ng:
max max
180, 7 0, 5 90, 35 M D e = = = (kNm)
min min
64, 75 0, 5 32, 4 M D e = = = (kNm)
3
,
4
2

k
N
/
m
5
,
4
5

k
N
/
m
2
,8
kN
/m 1
,8
1
kN
/m


ng nh hng phn lc


a) D
max
ln ct tri b) D
max
ln ct phi

S tnh khung vi p lc ng ca cu trc
b) Lc hm ngang ca cu trc
+ Lc hm ngang tiu chun ca mt bnh xe cu trc ln ray:

1
0
0, 5. .( )
0, 5.0,1.(100 8, 33)
2, 71
2
f xe tc
k Q G
T
n
+
+
= = = (kN)
Trong : k
f
- h s ma st, ly bng 0,1 vi cu trc c mc mm.
G
xe
- trng lng xe con, tra catal.
Q - sc nng thit k ca cu trc.
n
0
- s bnh xe cu trc mt bn ray
+ Lc hm ngang ca ton cu trc truyn ln ct t vo cao trnh dm hm.
(gi thit cch vai ct 0,7 m)

1
0,85.1,1.2, 71.2,5 6,33
tc
c p i
T n T y = = =

(kN)

a) Lc hm ln ct tri b) Lc hm ln ct phi

0
,
8
8
3
1
0
,
2
5
0
,
3
6
7
700
4500
3800
P
max
4500
3800
P
max
P
max
P
max
6000 6000
90,35 kNm
180,7 kN 64,75 kN
32,4 kNm
2
0
0
0
6
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
6
3
0
0
90,35 kNm
180,7 kN 64,75 kN
32,4 kNm
7
0
0
7
7
0
0
27000 27000
1
3
0
0
7
7
0
0
6,33 kN 6,33 kN
1
3
0
0

VI. XC NH NI LC TRONG KHUNG NGANG, T HP NI LC
1. Xc nh ni lc
Ni lc trong khung ngang c xc nh vi tng trng hp cht ti bng phn mm SAP
Kt qu tnh ton c th hin di dng cc biu v bng thng k ni lc, d nguyn
quy c du trong phn mm. Khi tnh ton
quy c du theosc bn vt liu nh hnh v:



Quy c chiu dng ca ni lc theo sc bn vt liu
Sau khi dng phm mm SAP ly kt qu ni lc vi cc phng n cht ti khc nhau,
hnh dng v tr s ca biu ni lc cho na khung bn tri c th hin nh hnh v
di y. n v tnh l kN,m






Bieu do noi luc cua tinh tai





Bieu do noi luc cua hoat tai






Bieu do noi luc cua luc ham trai







Bieu do noi luc cua luc ham phai






Bieu do noi luc cua gio trai





Bieu do noi luc cua gio phai








Bieu do noi luc cua d max trai




Bieu do noi luc cua dmax phai


2. T hp ni lc
T kt qu tnh ton ni lc nh trn ta tin hnh lp bng t hp ni lc tm ra trng
hp ni lc bt li nht tnh ton tit din khung. Vi ct ta xt 4 tit din: u ct, vai
ct (2 tit din), chn ct. Vi x ngang ta xt 3 tit din: u x, 1/3 x, nh x. Ti mi
tit din c cc tr s M, N, V.
+ Ta xt 2 loi t hp:
- T hp c bn 1: gm tnh ti thng xuyn v 1 hot ti
- T hp c bn 2: gm ti trng thng xuyn v nhiu hot ti nhn vi h s t hp 0,9
Kt qu c th c ghi trong bng t hp.

VII. THIT K TIT DIN CU KIN
1. Thit k tit din ct
a) Xc nh chiu di tnh ton
Chn phng n ct tit din khng i. Vi t s cng ca x v ct gi thit l bng
nhau ta c:

cot
8, 3
: 1. 0, 31
27
xa
I I
n
L H
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .

H s chiu di tnh ton
0, 56 0, 31 0, 56
1, 393
0,14 0, 31 0,14
n
n

+ +
= = =
+ +

Vy chiu di tnh ton trong mt phng khung ca ct xc nh theo cng thc:
. 1, 393.8, 3 11, 56( )
x
l H m = = =

Chiu di tnh ton ca ct theo phng ngoi mt phng khung (l
y
) ly bng khong cch
gia cc im c nh khng cho ct chuyn v theo phng dc nh (dm cu trc, ging
ct, x ngang). Ga thit b tr ging ct dc nh bng thp hnh ch C ti cao trnh
+3.500 tc l v tr gia phn ct tnh t mt mng n dm hm, nn l
y
= 3.5 m
b) Chn v kim tra tit din
T bng t hp ni lc chn cp ni lc tnh ton:
M = 156,85 (kNm)
N = -230,95(kN)
V = -49,69(kN)
y l cp ni lc ti tit din chn ct, trong t hp ni lc do cc trng hp ti trng
1,2,5,7 gy ra

Chiu cao tit din ct chn t iu kin ng
1 1
. (41, 5 55, 3)
15 20
h H cm
| |
= =
|
\ .
Chn h = 44cm
B rng tit din ct chn theo cc iu kin cu to v cng

( )
0,3 0,5 . (13 22)
f
b h cm = =
( )
1/ 20 1/ 30 (11, 67 17,5)
f y
b l cm = = Chn b
f
= 20cm
Din tch tit din cn thit ca ct xc nh s b nh sau:
( )
q

(
(
= + = + =
(
(


2
2
230,954 156,85.10
(2,2 2,8) 1,25 (2,2 2,8) 51.1 61.3 ( )
. . 21.1 230,954.44
yc
c
N M
A cm
f N h
Trong :q- h s nh hng ca hnh dng tit din, ly q = 1,25
B dy bn bng: ( )
1/ 70 1/100 0, 6
w
t h cm = >
Chn t
w
= 0,6cm.
Tit din ct nh sau:

Bn cnh: (1x20) cm
Bn bng: (0,6x42) cm



Tit din ct
*Tnh cc c trng hnh hc ca tit din chn:
= + = + =
2
. 2 0,6.42 2.(1.20) 65.2( )
w w f f
A t h t b cm
+ M men qun tnh ca tit din
3 3
3 3
4
0,5( )
20.44 0,5(20 0,6).42
2 2 22198( )
12 12 12 12
f f w w
x
b h b t h
I cm
( (
= = =
(
(



3
3 3 3
4
.
. 42.0,6 1.20
2. 2. 1334( )
12 12 12 12
f f
w w
y
t b
h t
I cm = + = + =
+ M men khng un
3
2 2
. 22198. 1009( )
44
x x
W I cm
h
= = =
+ Bn knh qun tnh ca tit din
22198 65.2 18.45( )
x x
i I A cm = = =
1334 65.2 4,52( )
y y
i I A cm = = =
+ mnh v mnh quy c ca ct
| |
2
11,56.10 18.45 62.7 120
x x x
l i = = = < =
420 10
6
x
x
y y
200
10
440

| |
2
3,5.10 4,52 77.4 120
y y y
l i = = = < =
_
4
62.7. 21 2,1.10 1,98 x
x
f E = = =
_
4
77.4 21 2,1.10 2, 45 y
y
f E = = =
+ lch tm tng i
2
156,85.10 65.2
. . 4,39
230,954 1009
x
x
M A
m
N W
= = =
Trong :
M
e
N
= : lch tm
A : din tch tit din
W
x
: m men chng un ca tit din theo trc x-x
1.20
0, 794
42.0, 6
f
w
A
A
= =

0,5; (1, 75 0,1 ) 0, 02(5 )
(1, 75 0,1.4,39) 0, 02(5 4.39).1,98 1.287
f
x x x
w
A
m m
A
q = = =
= =

1; (1,9 0,1 ) 0, 02(6 )
(1,9 0,1.4,39) 0, 02(6 4,39).1,98 1,397
f
x x x
w
A
m m
A
q > = =
= =

Ni suy ta c 1,352 q =
m
e
= qm
x
=1,352.4,39=5,935<20
Ni suy 0,195
e
| = theo bng IV.3 ( trang 95 sch hng dn)
iu kin n nh tng th ca ct trong mt phng khung c kim tra theo cng thc
2 2
230,954
18.2( / ) 21( / )
. 0,195.65, 2
x c
e
N
kN cm f kN cm
A
o
|
= = = < =
kim tra theo iu kin bn
2
15685 230.95
19,1 21( / )
1009 65.2
x
x
x
M N
KN cm
W A
o = + = + ~ <

Ngoi mt phng khung, ct lm vic theo iu kin thanh chu nn ng tm, c kim
tra theo cng thc sau
2
21( / )
.
c
y
N
f kN cm
C A
o
|
= < =

Vi C l h s k n nh hng ca momen trong mt phng un n n nh ca ct
ngoi mt phng un
1
x
C
m
|
o
=
+



Trong : :
x
m l gi tr ln nht trong 1/3 on gia ct
Ta c tr s momen ca tit din di vai ct l( ta ly t hp 1 ;2 ;5 ;7)
-44.63+0.9x(-65.63-51.75-6.57)=-156,185 (kN/m)
Vy tr s momen ti 1/3 chiu cao ct di k t tit din vai ct l
156.185 156.851
156.851 52.5
3
M

= + = (kN.m)

Do
156.851
' ( ; ) (52.5; ) 78, 43
2 2
M
M max M max = = = (kNm)
lch tm tng i theo M :
' 7843 65, 2
2,19
230.9541009
x
x
M A
m
N W
= = = <5
Nn theo (2.44) ta c
1
x
c
m
|
o
=
+

Ta c
2.1
3.14 3.14 100 99 77, 4 1
21
c y
E
f
| = = = > = =
Theo bng 2.1 ta c 0, 65 0, 05 0, 65 0, 05 2,19 0, 76
x
m o = + = + =
T
1
0,376
1 1 0,76 2,19
x
c
m
|
o
= = =
+ +

Vi 77, 4 0,736
y y
| = =
iu kin n nh tng th ca ct theo phng ngoi mt phng un c kim tra
2
230,954
12,8 21( / )
. 0,376 0, 736 65, 2
c
y
N
f kN cm
C A
o
|
= = = < =


+ Kim tra iu kin n nh cc b ca bn cnh v bn bng ct theo cc cng thc sau:
Vi bn cnh ct:
4
0 0
0,5.(20 0, 6) 2,1.10
9.7 (0,36 0,1 1,98) 17, 65
1 21
f f
b b
t t
(

= = < = + =
(
(


trn, v
_
0,8 1,98 4 x < = < nn
0 f
b t (

xc nh theo cng thc :
_
0
(0,36 0,1. )
f
b E
t f

(
= +
(
(


Vi bn bng ct: do
_
4,39 1; 1,98 2
x x
m = > = <

theo bng 2.2 ta c:

2
4
_
2
2,1.10
(1,3 0,15 ) (1,3 0,15.1,98 ). 59,7
21
w
x
w
h
E f
t

(
= + = + =
(


Ta c:
42
70
0, 6
w w
w w
h h
t t
(
= = >
(

bn bng ct b mt n nh cc b
Coi nh ch c phn bn bng tip gip gia bng ct vi bn cnh cn lm vic. B rng
phn bng ct ny l
1
0.85 0.85 0.6 59.7 30.45
w
W
w
h
C t
t
(
= = =
(

(cm)
A=2x0.6x30,45+2x1x20=76.54>A=65.2cm
2
Vy khng cn kim tra li cc iu kin n nh tng th.

Chuyn v ngang ln nht nh ct t kt qu tnh ton bng phn mm SAP trong t hp
tnh ti v ti trng gi tri tiu chun l

1,38 0, 21 1,17( )
x
cm A = = . Do :
0,0117 0, 48 1
7,3 300 300
x
H
A
= = <
Vy tit din ct chn l t yu cu.

2. Thit k tit din x ngang
a) on x 4.5m (tit din thay i)
T bng t hp ni lc chn cp ni lc tnh ton:
M = 189.57(kNm)
N = -50.68(kN)
V = 43.17(kN)
y l cp ni lc ti tit din u x, trong t hp ni lc do cc trng hp ti trng 1,2
gy ra
M men cn thit ca tit din x ngang xc nh theo cng thc

= = =
2
3
189.57.10
902.7( )
21.1
yc
x
c
M
W cm
f

Chiu cao ca tit din x xc nh t iu kin ti u v chi ph vt liu theo cng thc
di y, vi b dy bn bng x chn s b l 0,6 cm
( ) ( )
= = =
902.7
1,15 1,2 . 44.6 46.5 ( )
0,6
yc
x
w
W
h k cm
t

Chn h = 44cm


* Kim tra tit din
+ Kim tra b dy bn bng t iu kin chu ct

> >
3
0,6
2
w
v c
V
t cm
hf

Ta c : = =
3 43.17
0,6 > 0,12( )
2 44.12,18.1
w
t cm cm
Din tch tit din cn thit ca bn cnh x ngang c xc nh theo cng thc
| | | |
= ~ = =
| |
\ . \ .
3 3
2
2 2
2 44 0,6.42 2
( ) 902,7. 17.47( )
2 12 2 12 43
yc yc
w w
yc f f x
f
h t h
A b t W cm
h

Theo cc yu cu cu to v n nh cc b, kch thc tit din ca bn cnh c chn l
t
f
= 1cm; b
f
= 20cm




Mt ct ngang ca tit din x 4.5m

+ Tnh cc c trng hnh hc ca tit din
= + = + =
2
. 2 0,6.42 2.(1.20) 65.2( )
w w f f
A t h t b cm
+ M men qun tnh ca tit din
3 3
3 3
4
0,5( )
20.44 0,5(20 0,6).42
2 2 22198( )
12 12 12 12
f f w w
x
b h b t h
I cm
( (
= = =
(
(



+ M men khng un
3
2 2
. 22198. 1009( )
44
x x
W I cm
h
= = =
Tnh lch tm tng i:
2
189.57.10 65.2
. 24.17
50.68 1009
x
x
M A
m
N W
= = =
Do m
x
= 24.17>20 m
e
= qm
x
> 20 (v q> 1) nn tit din x ngang c tnh ton v kim
tra theo iu kin bn.
200
1
0
4
2
0
1
0
4
4
0
6

2
2
50.68 189.57.10
19.57 21.1 21( / )
65.2 1009
x c
n xn
N M
f kN cm
A W
o = + = + = < = =
Ti tit din u x c m men un v lc ct cng tc dng nn cn kim tra ng sut
tng ng ti ch tip xc gia bn cnh v bn bng theo cng thc sau:
2 2
1 1
3 1,15
td c
f o o t = + s
Trong :
2
2
1
189.57.10 42
. . 17.93( / )
1009 44
w
x
M h
kN cm
W h
o = = =
M men tnh ca mt cnh dm i vi trc trung ho x-x
3
( ).( ) / 2 (20.1).(44 1) / 2 430( )
f f f f
S b t h t cm = = =
2
1
43,17.430
1.39( / )
22198.0, 6
f
x w
VS
kN cm
I t
t = = =
2 2 2 2 2
1 1
3 17.93 3.1,39 18.09 1,15 1,15.21.1 24,15( / )
td c
f kN cm o o t = + = + = s = =
+ Kim tra n nh cc b ca bn cnh v bn bng
( )
( )
4
0
0,5.
0,5. 20 0,6
1 1 2,1.10
9,7 15,81
1 2 2 21
f w
f f
b t
b E
t t f

= = = s = =
4
42 2,1.10
70 5,5 5,5 173.9
0,6 21
w
w
h E
t f
= = < = =
Bn bng khng b mt n nh cc b di tc dng ca ng sut php nn
(khng phi t sn dc)
4
2,1.10
70 3, 2 3, 2 101.2
21
w
w
h E
t f
= < = =
Bn bng khng b mt n nh cc b di tc dng ca ng sut tip (khng phi t
sn cng ngang)
4
2,1.10
70 2,5 2,5 79.1
21
w
w
h E
t f
= < = =
Bn bng khng b mt n nh cc b di tc dng ca ng sut php v ng sut tip
(khng phi kim tra cc bng)
* Vy tit din x chn l t yu cu. T s cng ca tit din x ( ch tip gip vi
ct) v ct chn ph hp vi gi thit ban u l bng nhau.

b) on x 9m (tit din khng thay i)
T bng t hp ni lc chn cp ni lc tnh ton:
M = 50,81(kNm)

N = -40,43(kN)
V = -8,09(kN)
y l cp ni lc ti tit din u x, trong t hp ni lc do cc trng hp ti trng 1,2
gy ra
M men chng un cn thit ca tit din x ngang

= = =
2
3
50,81.10
242( )
21.1
yc
x
c
M
W cm
f

Chiu cao ca tit din x xc nh t iu kin ti u v chi ph vt liu theo cng thc
di y, vi b dy bn bng x chn s b l 0,6 cm
( ) ( )
= = =
242
1,15 1,2 . 23,1 24,1 ( )
0,6
yc
x
w
W
h k cm
t

Chn h = 22cm
Chn s b b dy bn cnh x l t
f
= 1cm. Din tch tit din cn thit ca bn cnh x
ngang:
| | | |
= ~ = =
| |
\ . \ .
3 3
2
2 2
2 22 0,6.20 2
( ) 242. 10,26( )
2 12 2 12 21
yc yc
w w
yc f f x
f
h t h
A b t W cm
h

Theo cc yu cu cu to v n nh cc b, kch thc tit din ca bn cnh c chn l
t
f
= 1cm; b
f
= 20cm
* Tnh cc c trng hnh hc ca tit din
= + = + =
2
. 2 0,6.20 2.(1.20) 52( )
w w f f
A t h t b cm
+ M men qun tnh ca tit din
3 3
3 3
4
0,5( )
20.22 0,5(20 0,6).20
2 2 4813,3( )
12 12 12 12
f f w w
x
b h b t h
I cm
( (
= = =
(
(



+ M men khng un
3
2 2
. 4813,3. 437,6( )
22
x x
W I cm
h
= = =


kim tra bn
Tit din x 9m
2 2
5081 40, 43
12, 4( / ) 21 /
437, 6 52
x c
x
M N
kN cm f kN cm
W A
o = + = + = < =

+ Kim tra ng sut tng ng ti ch tip xc gia bn cnh v bn bng theo cng thc
sau:
2 2
1 1
3 1,15
td c
f o o t = + s

Trong :
2
2
1
50,81.10 20
. . 10,56( / )
437, 6 22
w
x
M h
kN cm
W h
o = = =
M men tnh ca mt cnh dm i vi trc trung ho x-x
3
( ).( ) / 2 (20.1).(20 1) / 2 210( )
f f f f
S b t h t cm = = =
2
1
8, 09.210
0,59( / )
4813,3.0, 6
f
x w
VS
kN cm
I t
t = = =
2 2 2 2 2
1 1
3 10,56 3.0,59 10, 61 1,15 1,15.21.1 24,15( / )
td c
f kN cm o o t = + = + = s = =
* Do tit din x chn c kch thc nh hn on x 4,5m nn khng cn kim tra n
nh cc b ca bn cnh v bn bng.
3. Thit k cc chi tit
3.1. Vai ct
Vi chiu cao tit din ct l h = 44cm, theo cc cng thc (2.60) v (2.61) trong Thit k
khung thp nh cng nghip mt tng, mt nhp - Trng HKT HN
Ta xc nh m men un v lc ct ti ch lin kt cng - xn vai ct vi bn cnh ct, s
tnh dm vai nh hnh v:


S tnh dm vai

max
( ).( ) (180, 7 6,3).(0, 75 0, 44) 57,97( )
dct
M D G h kNm = + = + =
max
180, 7 6,3 187( )
dct
V D G kN = + = + =


B rng bn cnh dm vai chn bng b rng cnh ct 20
dv
f
b cm = . Ga thit b rng ca
sn gi dm cu trc b
dct
= 20cm. Chn s b b dy cc bn cnh dm vai t
f
dv
= 1cm. T
b dy bn bng dm vai xc nh t iu kin chu p cc b do phn lc dm cu trc
truyn vo, theo cng thc :

( )
( )
max
187
0, 4( )
20 2.1 .21.1 2
dv
dct
w
dv
dct f c
D G
t cm
b t f
+
> = =
+ +

Chn t
w
dv
= 0,6cm
Chiu cao ca dm vai xc nh s b t iu kin bn bng dm vai kh nng
chu ct, suy ra t cng thc:
3 3 187
. 38,96( )
2 2 0,6.12.1
dv
w dv
w v c
V
h cm
t f
> = = Chn 42
dv
w
h cm =
+ Cc c trng hnh hc ca tit din dm vai.
3 3
3 3
4
0,5( )
20.44 0,5(20 0,6).42
2 2 22197,7( )
12 12 12 12
f f w w dv
x
b h b t h
I cm
( (
= = =
(
(



+ M men khng un
3
2 2
. 22197,7. 1009( )
44
dv dv
x x
W I cm
h
= = =
+ M men tnh ca mt cnh dm vai
3
( ).( ) / 2 (20.1).(44 1) / 2 430( )
dv
f f f f
S b t h t cm = = =
Tr s ca ng sut php v ng sut tip ti ch tip xc gia bn cnh v bn
bng dm vai:
2
2
1
57,97.10 42
. . 5, 48( / )
1009 44
dv
w
dv
x dv
M h
kN cm
W h
o = = =


Cu to vai ct

+ Vy theo cng thc
2 2
1 1
3 1,15
td c
f o o t = + s
440
750
60
60
1
1
200
440
6
F
6
200
420
10
10
440
1 -1
310 150

2 2 2 2
5, 48 3.6,04 11,8( / ) 1,15 . 24,15( / )
td c
kN cm f kN cm o = + = s =
+ Kim tra n nh cc b ca bn cnh v bn bng dm vai:
* Bn cnh:
( )
( )
4
0
0,5.
0,5. 20 0, 6
1 1 2,1.10
9, 7 15,81
1 2 2 21
dv dv
f w
dv
f f
b t
b E
t t f

= = = s = =
* Bn bng :
4
42 2,1.10
70 2,5 2,5 79
0,6 21
dv
w
dv
w
h E
t f
= = < = =
+ Chn chiu cao ng hn lin kt dm vai vo ct h
f
= 0,6cm
Chiu di tnh ton ca cc ng hn lin kt dm vai vi bn cnh ct xc nh nh sau:
Pha trn cnh (2 ng hn) 20 1 19( )
w
l cm = =
Pha di cnh (4 ng hn) 0,5.(20 0, 6) 1 8, 7( )
w
l cm = =
bn bng (2 ng hn) 42 1 41( )
w
l cm = =
T , din tch tit din v m men chng un ca cc ng hn trong lin kt (coi lc ct
ch do cc ng hn lin kt bn bng chu)
2
2. . 2.0,6.41 49, 2( )
w f w
A h l cm = = =
3 3 3
2 2 3
19.0,6 8.0,6 0,6.41 2
2 19.0,6.22 2. 8.0,6.21 . 1199,8( )
12 12 12 44
w
W cm
(
| | | |
= + + + + =
( | |
\ . \ .

+
Kh nng chu lc ca cc ng hn trong lin kt c kim tra theo cng thc:
( )
( )
2 2
min
2 2
2 2
min
5790 187
6,14( / ) 12, 6( / )
1199,8 49, 2
td w c
w w
td w c
M V
f
W A
kN cm f kN cm
o |
o |
| | | |
= + s
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
= + = s =
| |
\ . \ .

Trong :
2
0,7.18 12,6( / )
f wf
f kN cm | = = ;
2
1.0, 45.34,5 15,53( / )
s ws
f kN cm | = =
( )
2
min
min( ; ) 12,6( / )
w f wf s ws
f f f kN cm | | | = =
+ Kch thc ca cp sn gia cng cho bng dm vai ly nh sau:
Chiu cao: 42( )
dv
s w
h h cm = =
B rng:
420
40 40 54( )
30 30
dv
w
s
h
b mm = + = + = Chn b
s
= 6cm
B dy:
4
2 2.6 21 2,1.10 0,32( )
s s
t b f E cm > = = Chn t
s
= 6cm
3.2. Chn ct
a) Tnh ton bn

T bng t hp ni lc chn cp ni lc tnh ton ti tit din chn ct:
M = 220.16(kNm)
N = -98.84(kN)
V = -54.89(kN)
y l cp ni lc ti tit din chn ct, trong t hp ni lc do cc trng hp ti trng
1,2,4,6,8 gy ra
Cn c vo kch thc tit din ct chn, d kin chn phng n cu to chn ct cho
trng hp c vng ko trong b tng mng vi 4 bu lng neo mt pha chn ct, cu to
chn ct lin kt ngm vi mng nh hnh v:






Cu to chn ct lin kt ngm vi mng
+ Xc nh c b rng ca bn :
1
2 20 2.7 34( )
bd
B b c cm = + = + =
Trong tr s c
1
chn s b trong khong (5 10) cm ; Chn c
1
= 7cm
Chiu di ca bn xc nh t iu kin chu p cc b ca b tng mng.

2
, , ,
2
2
6
2 2
98,84 98,84 6.220,16.10
65, 41( )
2.34.0, 75.1, 27 2.34.0, 75.1, 27 34.0, 75.1, 27
bd
bd b loc bd b loc bd b loc
N N M
L
B R B R B R
cm

| |
> + + =
|
|
\ .
| |
= + + =
|
\ .

Vi gi thit b tng mng mc B20 c
2
1,15( / )
b
R kN cm = vh s tng cng
3
3
75 40
1.1
34 66
m
b
bd
A
A

= = =

, tng ng vi kch thc mt mng l (0,4.0,75)m, t

xc nh c
2
,
1.1,15.1,1 1, 27( / )
b loc
R kN cm = =
Theo cu to v khong cch b tr bu lng neo, chiu di ca bn c xc nh nh
sau :
Tr s c
2
c chn s b trong khong t (1015) chn c
2
= 10cm v b dy ca dm l
(t
dd
= 1cm)
2
2 2 44 2.1 2.10 66( )
bd dd
L h t c cm = + + = + + =
Tnh li ng sut phn lc ca b tng mng pha di bn :
2
2
max , 2 2
6. 98,84 6.220,16.10
0,936 . 0, 75.1,3 0,975( / )
34.66 34.66
b loc
bd bd bd bd
N M
R kN cm
B L B L
o = + = + = < = =
2
2
min
2 2
6. 98,84 6.220,16.10
0,848( / )
34.66 34.66
bd bd bd bd
N M
kN cm
B L B L
o = = =


Kch thc bn

B dy ca bn chn ct c xc nh t iu kin chu un ca bn do ng sut
phn lc trong b tng mng. Xt cc bn :
1 (bn k 3 cnh)
2
6
1
2 1
3
4
0
6
1
6
7
8
,
5
6
1
9
5
100
1 2
1
6
7
1
6
7
330 330
110 110 11016
346 314
0
,
6
3
8
0
,
3
4
1
-
0
,
8
4
8
0
,
9
3
6
6
217
1
6
7
217 217 10010 100 10

a
2
= d
1
= 21,7cm; b
2
= 16,7 cm; b
2
/a
2
= 16,7/21,7 = 0,77
Tra bng 2.4, ni suy ta c o
b
= 0,094.

2 2
1 1 1
0,094.0,638.21,7 28, 24( )
b
M d kNcm o o = = =
2 (bn k 2 cnh lin k)
2 2 2 2
19,5 ; 8,56 ; / 8,56 / 19,5 0, 44 a d cm b cm b a = = = = =
Tra bng c o
b
= 0,06
2 2
1 2 2
0,06.0,936.19,5 21,35( )
b
M d kNcm o o = = =
Vy chiu dy ca bn xc nh theo cng thc sau :
max
6. 6.28, 24
2,84
. 21.1
bd
c
M
t cm
f
> = = Chn t
bd
= 3cm
b) Tnh ton dm
Kch thc ca dm chn nh sau:
+ Chiu cao:
dd
h ph thuc vo ng hn lin kt dm vo ct phi
kh nng truyn lc do ng sut phn lc ca b tng mng.
+ B rng: 34
dd bd
b B cm = =
+ B dy ( chn) 1
dd
t cm =
Lc truyn vo mt dm do ng sut phn lc ca b tng mng :
(10 1 44 / 4).34.0, 638 477, 224( )
dd
N kN = + + =
Theo cu to, chn chiu cao ca ng hn lin kt dm vo ct l h
f
= 0,6cm.
T xc nh c chiu di tnh ton ca 1 ng hn lin kt dm vo ct:
min
447, 224
32, 6( )
2 ( ) 2.0, 6.(0, 7.18).1
dd
w
f w c
N
l cm
h f |
= = =

Chn chiu cao ca dm h
dd
= 34cm
c) Tnh ton sn A
S tnh sn l dm cng - xn ngm vo bn bng
ct bng 2 ng hn lin kt. Ta c:

2 2
0,341.(2.11) 7,5( / )
. / 2 7,5.16, 7 / 2 1046,12( )
. 7,5.16, 7 125,3( )
s
s s s
s s s
q kN cm
M q l kNcm
V q l kN
= =
= = =
= = =

S tnh sn
Chn b dy ca sn t
s
= 0,6cm. Chiu cao ca sn xc nh s b t iu kin chu un:
6. 6.1046,12
22,3( )
0,6.21.1
s
s
s c
M
h cm
t f
> = = Chn h
s
= 24 cm
Kim tra li tit din sn chn theo ng sut tng ng:

2 2
2 2
1 1
2
2 2
6.1046,12 125,3
3 3.
0, 6.24 0, 6.24
23, 6( / ) 1,15. 1,15.21.1 24,15( / )
td
c
kN cm f kN cm
o o t

| | | |
= + = + =
| |
\ . \ .
= < = =

Theo cu to, chn chiu cao ng hn lin kt sn A vo bn bng ct
h
f
= 0,6cm. Din tch tit din v m men chng un ca cc ng hn ny l:
2
2
3
2.0, 6.(24 1) 27, 6( )
0, 6.(24 1)
2. 105,8( )
6
w
w
A cm
W cm
= =

= =

Kh nng chu lc ca cc ng hn ny c kim tra theo cng thc:
( )
2 2
min
s s
td w c
w w
M V
f
W A
o |
| | | |
= + s
| |
\ . \ .

( )
2 2
2 2
min
1046,12 125,3
10,88( / ) 12, 6( / )
105,8 27, 6
td w c
kN cm f kN cm o |
| | | |
= + = s =
| |
\ . \ .

d) Tnh ton sn B
Tng t nh trn, vi b rng din truyn ti vo sn l:
1,5l
s
= 1,5.10 = 15 cm
Ta c:
2 2
0,936.15 14, 04( / )
. / 2 14, 04.10 / 2 702( )
. 14, 04.10 140, 4( )
s
s s s
s s s
q kN cm
M q l kNcm
V q l kN
= =
= = =
= = =

Chn b dy sn l t
s
= 0,8cm. Chiu cao ca sn xc nh s b t iu kin chu un:
6. 6.702
15,83( )
0,8.21.1
s
s
s c
M
h cm
t f
> = = Chn h
s
= 20 cm
Kim tra li tit din sn chn theo ng sut tng ng:
2 2
2 2
1 1
2
2 2
6.702 140, 4
3 3.
0, 6.20 0, 6.20
18,9( / ) 1,15.21 24,15( / )
td
kN cm kN cm
o o t
| | | |
= + = + =
| |
\ . \ .
= < =

Chn chiu cao ng hn lin kt vi sn B vo dm h
f
= 0,6cm. Din tch tit din v
m men chng un ca cc ng hn ny l:
2
2
3
2.0, 6.(20 1) 22,8( )
0, 6.(20 1)
2. 72, 2( )
6
w
w
A cm
W cm
= =

= =

Kh nng chu lc ca cc ng hn ny c kim tra theo cng thc:

( )
2 2
min
s s
td w c
w w
M V
f
W A
o |
| | | |
= + s
| |
\ . \ .

( )
2 2
2 2
min
702 140, 4
11,51( / ) 12, 6( / )
72, 2 22,8
td w c
kN cm f kN cm o |
| | | |
= + = s =
| |
\ . \ .

e) Tnh ton bu lng neo

T bng t hp ni lc chn cp ni lc chn ct gy ko nhiu nht cho cc
bu lng neo:
M = 220,16 (kNm)
N = -98,84(kN)
V = - 54,89 (kN)
y l cp ni lc dng kim tra tit din ct, do cc ti trng 1,2,4,6,8, gy ra. Chiu
di vng b tng chu nn di bn l c = 34,8cm. Chn khong cch t mp bin bn
chn ct n tm bu lng neo l 6cm, xc nh c:
2 3 66 2 34,8 3 21, 4( )
3 6 66 34,8 3 6 48, 4( )
bd
bd
a L c cm
y L c cm
= = =
= = =

Tng lc ko trong thn cc bu lng neo mt pha chn ct c xc nh:
2
1
. 220,16.10 98,84.21, 4
411, 2( )
48, 4
M N a
T kN
y

= = =
Chn thp bu lng neo mc 09Mn2Si, tra bng I.10 ph lc trong "Thit k khung thp nh
cng nghip mt tng, mt nhp" ta c
2
190( / )
ba
f N mm =
Din tch tit din cn thit ca mt bu lng neo:
2
1
1
411, 72
5, 41( )
. 4.19
yc
ba
ba
T
A cm
n f
= = =
Chn bu lng u30 c A
bn
= 5,6(cm
2
)
Tnh li tng lc ko trong thn cc bu lng neo mt pha chn ct theo cng
thc :
2
2
220,16.10 98,84
358,3( )
2 (66 2 6) 2
b
M N
T kN
L
= = =


Trong L
b
: khong cch gia 2 dy bu lng neo hai bin ca bn
Do T
2
< T
1
nn ng knh bu lng neo chn l t yu cu
f) Tnh ton cc ng hn lin kt ct vo bn

Cc ng hn lin kt tit din ct vo bn c tnh ton trn quan nim m men v
lc dc do cc ng hn bn cnh chu, cn lc ct do cc ng hn bn bng chu.
Ni lc tnh ton ng hn chn trong bng t hp ni lc chnh l cp dng tnh
ton bu lng neo.


Lc ko trong bn cnh ct do m men v lc dc phn vo theo cng thc:
2
220,16.10 98,84
450,9( )
2 44 2
k
M N
N kN
h
| |
| |
= = =
| |
\ .
\ .

Tng chiu di tnh ton ca cc ng hn lin kt mt bn cnh ct (k c cc ng
hn lin kt dm vo bn )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
34 0,6 20 0,6 34 20
2. 1 2. 1 2. 1 60,8( )
2 2 2
w
l cm
( ( (
= + + =
( ( (

Chiu cao cn thit ca cc ng hn lin kt bn cnh ct theo cng thc:
( )
1
min
450,9
0,58( )
. . . 60,8.(0, 7.18).1
yc
k
f
w w c
N
h cm
l f |
= = =

Chiu cao cn thit ca cc ng hn lin kt bn bng ct theo cng thc:
( )
2
min
54,89
0, 055( )
. . . 2.(40 1).(0, 7.18).1
yc
f
w w c
V
h cm
l f |
= = =

Chn chiu cao ng hn h
f
= 0,6cm. Cu to chn ct th hin nh hnh v:


Cu to chn ct

3.3. Lin kt ct vi x ngang
Cp ni lc dng tnh ton lin kt l cp gy ko nhiu nht cho cc bu
lng ti tit din nh ct. T bng t hp chn c cp ni lc:
M = -189,57 (kNm)
s- n B
dm
s- n
bn
A
2
4
0
2
0
0
3
4
0
2x4u30
2
9
60 120 300 120 60
9
0
1
6
0
9
0
100 10 217 6 217 10100
660
1
6
6
8
1
6
6
3
4
0

N = -60,5 (kN)
V = -41,23 (kN)
y l cp ni lc trong t hp ni lc do cc trng hp ti trng 1,2 gy ra. Trnh t
tnh ton nh sau:
a) Tnh ton bu lng lin kt:
Chn bu lng cng cao cp bn 8.8, ng knh bu lng d kin l d =20 mm
B tr bu lng thnh 2 dy vi khong cc bu lng tun th cc quy nh trong bng I.13
ph lc Thit k khung thp nh cng nghip mt tng, mt nhp
pha ngoi ca ct b tr mt cp sn gia cng cho mt bch, vi kch thc ly nh sau:
+ B dy: t
s
> t
w
Chn t
s
= 0,8cm
+ B rng (ph thuc vo kch thc ca mt bch) Chn l
s
= 9cm
+ Chiu cao: h
s
= 1,5l
s
=1,5.9 = 13,5(cm) Chn h
s
= 15 (cm)
* Kh nng chu ko ca mt bu lng:
| |
. 40.2, 45 98( )
tb bn
tb
N f A kN = = =
Trong :
tb
f - cng tnh ton chu ko ca bu lng tra bng I.9 ph lc "Thit k khung thp nh
cng nghip mt tng, mt nhp "
2 2
400( / ) 40( / )
tb
f N mm kN cm = =
bn
A - din tch tit din thc ca thn bu lng (Bng I.11ph lc)
2
2, 45( )
bn
A cm =



B tr bu lng trong lin
kt ct vi x ngang

Kh nng chu lc trt ca mt bu lng cng cao (1)
165
9
6
90
55
5525
555
5
0
1
0
0
5
0
9
6
8
110
220
275
330
430
2
0
0
45 100

| |
1
2
0, 25
. . 0,7.110.3,14.1. .1 35,58( )
1,7
hb b
b
b
N f A nf kN

= = =
Trong :
hb
f - cng tnh ton chu ko ca vt liu bu lng cng cao trong lin kt ma
st, 0, 7.
hb ub
f f =
ub
f - cng ko t tiu chun ca vt liu bu lng (Bng I.12 ph lc)

2 2
1100( / ) 110( / )
ub
f N mm kN cm = = (ng vi mc thp 40Cr)
A- din tch tit din ca thn bu lng,
2 2
/ 4 3,14( ) A d cm t = =
1 b
- h s iu kin lm vic ca lin kt,
1
1
b
= do s bu lng trong lin
kt n =14>10
2
,
b
- h s ma st v h s tin cy ca lin kt. Vi gi thit l khng
gia cng b mt cu kin nn theo (1)
2
0, 25, 1, 7
b
= =

f
n - s lng mt ma st ca lin kt, 1
f
n =
Theo iu 6.2.5 TCXDVN 338-2005, trong trng hp bu lng chu ct v ko ng thi
th cn kim tra cc iu kin chu ct v chu ko ring bit.
Lc ko tc dng vo mt bu lng dy ngoi cng do m men v lc dc phn vo (do
m men c du m nn coi tm quay trng vi dy bu lng pha trong cng) theo cng thc:
1
max
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
.
2
189,57.10 .43 41, 23
64,19( )
2.(5,5 11 16,5 22 27,5 33 43 ) 16
b
M h N
N
hi n
kN
= =
= =
+ + + + + +

Do N
bmax
= 64,19 kN <
| |
98( )
tb
N kN = nn cc bu lng kh nng chu lc
+ Kim tra kh nng chu ct ca cc bu lng:
| |
41, 23
2,58( ) 35,58( )
16
c
b
V
kN N kN
n

= = < =
b) Tnh ton mt bch
B dy ca mt bch xc nh t iu kin chu un:
1 max
1
. 10.64,19
1,1 1,1 1,06( )
( ). (20 10).23
b
b N
t cm
b b f
~ = =
+ +

v
1
1
10.64,19.(5,5 11 16,5 22 27,5 33 43)
1,1 1,1 1, 28( )
( ) 43.(20 43).23
i
b N
t cm
b h f
+ + + + + +
~ = =
+ +

Chn t = 2cm
c) Tnh ton ng hn lin kt tit din ct (x ngang) vi mt bch
Tng chiu di tnh ton ca cc ng hn pha cnh ngoi (k c sn)

4.(9,6 1) 2.(9 1) 50, 4( )
w
l cm = + =

Lc ko trong bn cnh ngoi do m men v lc dc phn vo theo cng thc:
2
189,57.10 60,5
400,59( )
2 44 2
k
M N
N kN
h
| |
| |
= = =
| |
\ .
\ .

Vy chiu cao cn thit ca cc ng hn ny:
min
400,59
0, 6( )
( ) 50, 4.(0, 7.18).1
yc
k
f
w w c
N
h cm
l f |
= = =

Chiu cao cn thit ca cc ng hn lin kt bn bng ct vi mt bch (coi cc ng
hn ny chu lc ct ln nht nh ct xc nh t bng t hp ni lc)
min
41, 23
0, 08( )
( ) 2.(42 1).(0, 7.18).1
yc
f
w w c
V
h cm
l f |
= = =

Chn chiu cao ng hn l h
f
= 0,6cm


Cu to mi ni ct vi x ngang

3.4. Mi ni nh x:
Trong bng t hp ni lc chn cp ni lc gy ko nhiu nht cho cc bu lng ti tit din
nh x (nh mi):
M = 50,81 (kNm)
N = -40,43 (kN)
V = -8,09 (kN)
y l cp ni lc trong t hp ni lc do cc trng hp ti trng 1,2 gy ra. Tng t
nh trn chn bu lng cng cao cp bn 8.8, ng knh bu lng d kin d = 20 mm (l
loi C). B tr bu lng thnh 2 hng, pha ngoi ca 2 bn cnh x ngang b tr 2 cp sn
gia cng cho mt bch, kch thc nh sau:

1-1
9
6
8
9
6
90 440 25
10 420 10
555
8
1
5
0
150x90x8
s- n
45 100 55x6=330 5525
555
200
1
5
0
10 420 10
440
16 bulng
20
6 Bu lng th- ng
18
x g C
a
2
0
2
0
1 1
45 100 55 55 55 55 55 5525
555
5
0
1
0
0
5
0
2
0
0

+ B dy : t
s
= 0,8cm
+ B cao : h
s
= 9cm
+ Chiu rng : l
s
= 1,5h
s
=1,5.9 = 13,5(cm) Chn l
s
= 15 (cm)
Lc ko tc dng vo mt bu lng dy di cng do m men v lc dc phn
vo (do m men c du dng nn coi tm quay trng vi
dy bu lng pha trn cng) theo:
1
max
2
2
2 2 2
cos sin
2
50,81.10 .31 40, 43.0,981 8, 09.0,196
47, 28( )
2.(10 21 31 ) 8 8
h
b
M N V
N
hi n n
kN
o o
= =
= =
+ +

N
bmax
= 47,28 (kN) <
| |
98( )
tb
N kN = nn cc bu lng kh
nng chu lc.


B tr bu lng trong
lin kt nh x
+ Kh nng chu ct ca cc bu lng c kim
tra theo cng thc:
| |
sin cos 40, 43.0,196 8,09.0,981
0,006( ) 35,56( )
8
c
b
N V
kN N kN
n

o o
= = < =
B dy ca mt bch xc nh t cc iu kin sau:
1 max
1
10.47, 28
1,1 1,1 0,91( )
( ) (20 10).23
b
b N
t cm
b b f
~ = =
+ +
1
1
10.47, 28.(10 21 31)
1,1 1,1 0,99( )
( ) 31.(20 31).23
bi
b N
t cm
b h f
+ +
~ = =
+ +

Chn t = 2cm
Tng chiu di tnh ton ca cc ng hn pha cnh di (k c sn) xc nh tng t
nh trn l :
4.(9,6 1) 2.(9 1) 50, 4( )
w
l cm = + =

Lc ko trong bn cnh di do m men, lc dc v lc ct gy ra :
2
cos sin 50,81.10 40, 43.0,981 8,09.0,196
210,3( )
2 2 22 2 2
k
M N V
N kN
h
o o | |
| |
= = =
| |
\ .
\ .
Vy chiu cao cn thit ca cc ng hn ny:
min
210,3
0, 44( )
( ) 2.(20 1).(0, 7.18).1
yc
k
f
w w c
N
h cm
l f |
= = =

Chiu cao cn thit ca cc ng hn lin kt bn bng ct vi mt bch:

5
min
sin cos 40, 43.0,196 8, 09.0,981
2,5.10 ( )
( ) 2.(20 1).(0, 7.18).1
yc
f
w w c
N V
h cm
l f
o o
|


= = =

Kt hp cu to, chn chiu cao ng hn l h
f
= 0,6cm



Cu to mi ni nh x
3.5. Mi ni x ( nhp)
Vic tnh ton v cu to mi ni x thc hin tng t nh trn. Do tit din x ngang ti
v tr ni ging nh ti nh mi v ni lc ti ch ni x nh hn nn khng cn tnh ton
kim tra mi ni. Cu to lin kt nh hnh di.


Cu to mi ni x ( nhp)

3.6. Lin kt bn cnh vi bn bng ct v x ngang
Lc ct ln nht trong x ngang l ti tit din u x V
max
= 43,17 (kN)

Chiu cao cn thit ca ng hn lin kt gia bn cnh v bn bng x ngang theo cng
thc:
max
min
43,17.(1 20 21,5)
0, 033( )
2 ( ) 2.22198.(0.7.18).1
f yc
f
x w c
V S
h cm
I f |

= = =
Kt hp cu to, chn chiu cao ng hn h
f
= 0,7 (cm)
Tin hnh tng t, chn chiu cao ng hn lin kt bn cnh vi bn bng ct l : h
f
=
0,6 (cm).