FOREWORD This document is an attept at a faithful transcription of the original document.

Special effort has been made to ensure that original spelling, line-breaks, and vocabulary are left intact, and when possible, similar fonts have been used. However, it contains original formatting and image scans. All rights are reserved except those specifically granted herein. You may distribute this document in whole, provided that you distribute the entire document including this disclaimer, attributions, transcriber forewords, etc., and also provided that you charge no money for the work excepting a nominal fee to cover the costs of the media on or in which it is distributed. You may not distribute this document in any for-pay or price-metered medium without permission. A word about the original copyright. By my best research, the original copyright on this work was not renewed. In accordance with the Copyright Act of 1976, the original copyright date of this book, 1939, means that the original has passed into the Public Domain.

DEDICATION
Special dedication to my very understanding wife Mylinda, my enthusiastic son Christopher, and my beautiful daughter Allison. -Kirk Lawson

WRESTLING
ByE.C.Gallagher
WrestlingCoach,OklahomaAgricultural andMechanicalCollege

A.S.BARNESANDCOMPANY PublishersNewYork

Copyright,1939,A.S.BARNESANDCOMPANY,Incorporated
THISBOOK ISFULLYPROTECTEDBYCOPYRIGHT AND NOTHING THAT APPEARS IN IT MAY BE REPRINTED OR REPRODUCED IN ANY MANNER, EITHER WHOLLY OR IN PART, FOR ANY USE WHATEVER, WITHOUT SPECIAL WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER.

PRINTEDINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Acknowledgments of appreciation is made to Joe Mc Daniels,NationalIntercollegiateChampionthreetimes; Eldon Jackson, Letterman 1939 Wrestling Team; Jay McVickers, Intercollegiate Champion; Earl Van Beb ber, Squadman 1940 Wrestling Team; and George Chiga, Canadian Champion and member of Canadian Olympicteam. Thesemenposedforthepicturesinthisbook.Allof themareexceptionalsportsmenandwrestlers. I wish also to express my appreciation to John H. WhippleoftheWhippleStudios,Stillwater,forthepho tographsappearinginthisbook The Author

PREFACE
Ibelievethatindividualsporthasagreaterplacein Intercollegiate Athleticsand that amanwillget many valuable lessons from meeting in friendly competition anothermanequallyasgoodasheis. Forthisreason andbecausemywifehasaskedmetowritethebook, Ihavespentayearcollectingthepicturesandworking out the descriptions in this book. I am giving to the wrestlingpublicthebestIhaveinthedifferentgroups ofholds,trips,locksandcounters. E.C.Gallagher OklahomaAgriculturalandMechanicalCollege Stillwater,Oaklahoma

THECONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................................................ 5 PREFACE......................................................................................... I.Standing................................................................................ II.ToBringToMat................................................................... III.Holds.................................................................................... IV.Escapes................................................................................. V.Falls...................................................................................... VI.MiscellaneousTraining........................................................ 7 11 23 28 35 76 89

WRESTLING

ChapterOne

STANDING

Figure 1. Standing positions are in all probabiliy the most important of all. To learn the proper stance one must apply himself diligently. In the first picture we have what is known as the Square Stanceexposing both legs to the same degree. Your opponent is likely to try for either leg or both. Most good wrestlers have what is called the sugar side; meaning they have developed a defense that will protect one leg better than the other. Test out the positions and fall into a stance exposing only one leg and give it protection. This stance is shown in the second picture.

11

12

STANDING

Wrestling

Figure2. TheIdealStance:onefootslightlyinfrontoftheother,legswell appart,trunkleaningforward,thefrontleggivingprotection,bothhandsready toblockortieupopponent.Orifheshouldgetoneleg,counterhimwithyour strongesthold,aswitchwristlockoranarmdrag.

Figure 3. The tie up shown in this picture is the standard usually given bythereferee.ThisisCollarandElbow.

Wrestling

STANDING

13

Figure4. ThisstanceisaMuscleGrip. Yougraspeachotherbythefleshy partofthearmwherethedeltoidinsertsintothehemures.

Figure5. Thisisthemostcommonblockforalegdive.Itisoneofthebest positions to work into Chain Holds. I have figured that the top man who blockshastwentyonechancestoeightoverhisopponent. Astheholdpro ceedsIwillexplainwhatImeanbychainwrestling.Pleaseobservetheposi tionofthetopman'shand. Alsoobservethetopmanisblockingusinghis legswhicharefourtimesasstrongasthetackler'sarms. Thepositionshave advancedtwolinks.

14

STANDING

Wrestling

Figure6. Asnumbersixprogressespleasenoticetopman'srightknee;itis gettingtooclosetothemattobesafe. Ifhiskneecomesincontactwiththe mat the under man should charge hard in the direction in contact with the mat. He must also make up his mind whether to continue forward or backup.

Figure 7. You can now see that the top man has committed the error by touchingthematwithhisweightonhisknee.Therearemanyfactorstocon sider from here on out knowledge plays an important part, strength also shouldbeconsidered,enduranceisanotherfactor. Youmustdecidequickly oryoumayspendtoomuchofyourstrengthandaccomplishnothing.

Wrestling

STANDING

15

Figure8.Agoodfortunehassmiledontheaggressor.Abottommantackled. Thetopmanblockedandmadethemistakeofgivingdownonhisknees.The offensive wrestler was alert and countered with a quick charge toward the rightknee,whichtakeshisopponentunderforacleantakedown.

Figure 9. In this picture we have the defensive man as countered by the offensivemanwithaQuarterNelson. Themanunderneathhastomakeup hismindquicklywhethertochargeorbackout. Ifthemanunderneathcon tinues to charge and the man on top strengthens his position the problem willdevelopasshowninthenextpicture.

16

STANDING

Wrestling

Figure 10. The top man has strengthened his position by keeping his legs straight, his weight properly placed and he increased the turning pres sureonhisopponent'shead. Theundermanmustmakeuphismindquickly oritwillbetoolate.

Figure11. Inallprobabilitythemanmakingthechargehasgonesofarthat hewill berappedand brought under control. This picture is another good exhibitionofchainwrestling. Itisinthethirdmoveatthepresenttime. In further explanation: one wrestler made a tackle, is blocked by the top man quickly applying the one Quarter Nelson and trying to complete the move mentandbringhisopponentundercontrol.

Wrestling

STANDING

17

Figure12. Inthispictureyouseetheconclusionorwhatmaybetheconclu sionofthisseries. Theattackerisbroughtundercontrolandisbeingforced downtoproducescoringpoints.Notonlyisthemanonthedefenseinaweak positionbyisindangerofbeingpinned,withaNelsonandCrotch. Itwould beagoodthingforthewrestlertopauseatthistimeandlearntheBreakor theCrotchandHalfNelson.

Figure 13. It is a difficult problem to convince an American wrestler that heshouldnottaketheWaistlockandallowhisopponenttotaketheoutside position.IhaveneverseenanAmericanwithastrongenoughbridgetoavoid being pinned with this combination. All foreign wrestlers try to encourage theiropponentstotakethisbodylock.

Figure14. They immediatelyfallbackinto ahighbridgewiththeiroppo nentontop of them, but not for long. Theopponent islocked tightlyand isgraduallyrolledunderasisshowninthisseries.

Figure15. Herewehavetheconclusionofthisserieswhichshouldclearly demonstrate to you what you have been told. Try it for yourself and then youwillbeconvinced.

Wrestling

STANDING

19

Figure16. Inthenext threepicturesanattemptwillbemadetoshowone of the cleverest Pickups developed in the last few years. Place your right handonyouropponent'sneckanduseittoguidehimaroundthemat,atthe sametimeobservingwhathedoeswithhisleftfoot.Pressuremustbeapplied inamannerwhichwillcausehimtostepforwardandacrosswithhisleftfoot.

Figure17. Ifyourmovementshavebeencorrect,youropponentwillassume thepositionshowninthesecondpictureofthisgroup. Allyouneedtodo nowistodropquicklytotherightkneeputtingpressureonhisneck;reach for his right ankle with all the speed you can command, and complete the pictureasisshowninthenextparagraph.

20

STANDING

Wrestling

Figure18. Thevalueofthisholdwillnotbeappreciateduntilitistriedout. The student should remember that other combinations can be worked out. Ihaveseenahighschoolboyworktheabovecombinationandcompletetwo takedowns on a National Champion in the first thirty seconds of a match duringtheOlympictryouts.

Figure19.InthenextfivepictureswllbeshownanewholdcalledtheArm Drag.ItwasfirstcalledtomyattentionduringtheOlympictryoutsin1924. Itisshownhere asachainwrestling hold tomakeitmore effective. Also fromthissamecombinationtheSingleLegPickupisagoodvariation.Please observethatthewrestlerontheleftistemptinghisopponent. Theopponent isresistingbypullingdown.

Wrestling

STANDING

21

Figure 20. When the wrestler applying the hold feels resistance the right handischangedfromlefttoright,andpressureisexertedasshown.

Figure21. Inthisthirdpictureofthegrouppleasenotetheoffensiveman's rightleg.Itisbeingthrowninbetweenhisopponent'slegtokeephimfrom stepping over. This counter position of stepping over has practically ren deredtheArmDraguseless.

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STANDING

Wrestling

Figure22. Noticehowthehandisbeingusedtopushtheopponentby,and howtheoffensivemanisgoingtocomeupbehind,ifhecankeephisopponent under control. Another point to consider is the using of the left leg by the offensivemantobringhisopponent'srightkneetothemat.

Figure23. Before concluding this seriesI want to callyour attention to a common injury in which the defensive man sprains his left wrist when he putsouthishandtobreakhisfall. Thefifthpicturemerelyshowsthecon clusionoftheseries.Iwanttowarnyouthatunlessyouarecleverandlight ningfastthispositionwillcauseyoumoretroublethanitisworth.

ChapterTwo

TOBRINGTOMAT

Figure1. Inalmosteverymatchthemanwhoisdownonthematcomesto astandingpositionwhilethemanridinghimretainsagrasparoundhiswaist. HemayeitherhaveaWristLock,orhaveaDoubleGrip,ontheopponent's wrist. ThemethodshownhereisthemosteffectiveandhumanethatIknow. Therulesdonotpermitaslamexceptinamodifiedway. Whenthemanis brought to the mat the man executing the movement must have one knee incontactwiththematbythetimehisopponentcomesincontactwithhis trunk.Letusturntothenextpicture.

23

24

TOBRINGTOMAT

Wrestling

Figure2. When themanis tripped he is given a push forward an usually fallsasshownhere.Hisarmtiedupandhislegscissoredtopreventacounter. Ihaveneverseenamaninjuredwiththisvariation. TheOlympicrulesper mitslams.

Figure 3. Although this picture is likely to develop into a foul hold, it is shownsothatyoumayproperlydefendyourself. Inthefirstplacedonotlet youropponenttieupyourarmcompletely.Ifyoukeepyourarmsfreeyouwill beinamuchbetterpositiontocounterhimwithaSwitchoraHighWing.

Wrestling

TOBRINGTOMAT

25

Figure 4. This picture shows how simple it is to protect yourself. It will have a tiring effect on your opponent when he tries to lift you before he slams. Don't give up. If you are alert, there is always a chance that you mayreversepositionandcomeoutontop.

Figure5. Inthispictureweseeonemanaboutreadytogivehisopponent the Fallback. If his opponent has the better balance he may even come out on top. The man behind must throw his opponent to either side or he might find his opponent sitting on his stomach. I have seen at least ten wrestlerswinaboutthisway.

26

TOBRINGTOMAT

Wrestling

Figure6. ThispictureshowsaHighBridge,thekindseeninInternational competition. Itisnotunusualforaforeignwrestlertotakeabridgingposi tionandholditforthreeminutes.Sometimestheygetthepraiseofthejudges, forthisdefensiveaction.Quiteoftentheygrasptheiropponentandpinhim withaSpotFall. IhaveseenaTurkishwrestlermakesixteenbridgesdrop pingbackwardandturningBackneckSpringsinonecircleofthemat.

Figure7. The most bridging exercisesinvolve simply rolling over onyour backandbridgingwiththeshouldersfororfiveinchesfromthemat. This picture shows a wrestler going back and forth first on hands and knees, facedown;thenonneckandfeet.Whateveryoudo,learntheHighBridge. It is the most important bit of information you will ever get for use in the OlympicMatch.

Wrestling

TOBRINGTOMAT

27

Figure8. Noother part ofthebodyiscalled uponto domoreworkthan the neck. Most exercises given to strengthen the neck are inadequate. In mostcasestheneckhadonlytosupporthalfthebody.Themostviolentexer cises you can take are just about as violent as the regular match. I would recommend that you go carefully with the above combination. Add some good limbering up exercises and you should see much improvement in a shorttime.

ChapterThree

HOLDS

Figure 1. The most important hold used in riding an opponent invovles theuseoftheWaistLock. ThemostimportantescapefromtheWaistLock involves the use of the Side Roll or the use of Winging tricks. I consider this group of three pictures the most important in this series. You may realize why I think this seriesimportant when I confess it is the only hold calledtomyattentionthatIcouldnotsolve.

28

Wrestling

HOLDS

29

Figure2. Alwayskeepyourlegsasfreeaspossible. Whenyouropponent starts to wing you, throw your feet high in the air and shift them to the other side of his body with your right hand grasping the opponent's right wristandleftgoingintohiscrotchasshownhere.

Figure3. Manygoodvariationscanbeworkedfromthisposition. Ihave notbeenableto solvethisproblem,withoutusingstrengthalone. Theim portance of this position can best be appreciated when you are wrestling underOlympicrulesusingtouchfalls.

30

HOLDS

Wrestling

Figure4. Beinga goodrider depnds uponleverage,initiative,andacom plete sense of balance. Let us assume that a man wrestling in defensive position is like a table with four legs. The top man is working to destroy oneormoreoftheselegs. Alsonoticethepositionoftheunderman. Note thathehashishandswellapartandistakingitaseasyaspossible.

Figure 5. If the man on top has difficulty in destroying the arm support then he must attack the support given by the legs. This will cause him to brace himself with his left arm and make it an easy matter to reach out andtakehisleftwristbreakingdownthesecondlegofthetable.

Wrestling

HOLDS

31

Figure6. Youshould nowplaceyourweight,making itadifficult task to get loose. Keep your weight on him in the direction of his left shoulder. Keephisleftwristpulledawayfromhisbodyandyouwillhaveoneofthe easiestridesyouhaveevertried. Bychangingyourweightslightlyyoucan wearyouropponentdowntoahelplesscondition.

Figure7. Thenext rideisoneofthemost difficult tobreak. Youroppo nentisforcedovertothemataswiththeprecedingridebutwithoneextra lock. The principal strength of this variation is such that it is sometimes calledaTwistingHammerlock.

32

HOLDS

Wrestling

Figure8. TheTwisting Hammerlockisshownasitisusually applied. At this stage it is not fouled but is likely to become fouled if pressure is ex erted. If any opponent gets this hold on you he would probably shift his weightto theother sideand with his right shoulder against your chest will forceyouoverintoafall.

Figure9. Thisnextrideisonecommonlyusedbytheprofessionals. Itis used to wear your opponent down to a helpless condition. Many times I haveseenStranglerLewisapplythisparticularformofrides. Ifyouroppo nent should obtain this lock and get on you he may slip his right hand in betweenyourlegsandthrowyourshouldersforafall.

Wrestling

HOLDS

33

Figure 10. In this position the right hand is going to be changed to hold thelegofthemanunderneath,brokendown. Itisalso preliminarytotak ing the Head Scissor. It is the meanest Head Scissor known. Although it does not choke your opponent it cuts off the blood supply; and if he is downlongenoughitmightmakeyouropponentunconscious.

Figure11. In this ride wefind you have broken down your opponent and are shifting your weight from side to side, holding your balance to keep him under control at all times. Please notice how easy it might be to slip your left hand between your opponent's legs and rock him on his shoul dersforafall.

34

HOLDS

Wrestling

Figure 12. This position is a very good one to work into. It keeps your opponent under constant threat of being thrown with a Half Nelson and Arm Lock. From the position shown slip on a long Half Nelson and roll your opponent over on his right shoulder. When you have him under con troltightenorshortenyourHalfNelsonandturnonthepower.

Figure 13. Sometimes your opponent is endowed with superstrength and endurance. There is no better way to take the fight out of him than by the method shown. The top man has a Hook Scissor and Half Nelson on hisopponent. Hewillkeepthisholdforabouttwominutes. Theunderman will have dissipated his strength by this time. It will be an easy matter to rollhimoverandpinhim.

ChapterFour

ESCAPES

Figure 1. Here we have what is known as a Half Standing Switch. This is usually used when the under man is being brought to the mat after a gobehind. QuiteoftenthisSwitchwillworksoeasilythattherefereewill notgiveanypointstothemanwhohaspreviouslygonebehind.

35

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ESCAPES

Wrestling

Figure 2. To continue the Switch you must look out for the following counters: the Reswitch and the StepOver. The Reswitch is best blocked by withdrawingyour armsfrom theswitchingposition. TheStepOver can be stopped by grasping your opponent's ankle with your left hand. Then turnandcomeontop.

Figure 3. Most wrestlers usually use the conventional methods of escape. This movement produces power and surprise. The tighter your opponent ridesyouthebetteritwillbeforyou.Noticethetopman'srightarmaround your waist. It is being held between the under man's abdomen and right thigh. Themovementalsoencouragesthetop mantotaketheWaistLock.

Wrestling

ESCAPES

37

Figure 4. In this picture the under man grasps his opponent's right wrist inhisrighthand,andhisleftarminhislefthand. Fromthishalfstanding position he turns quickly to the left. This will bring your opponent to a positionofdefense.Pleaseturntothenextfigure.

Figure5. Thisfigureshowsthetopmancompletelydisorganized.Itwillbe necessaryfortheescapingmantodraghisfootoutfrombetweenhisoppo nent's legs. Also you will be ready to hold your opponent's wrist just long enough. TurnquicklytotherighttakingaCrotchholdwithyourrighthand.

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ESCAPES

Wrestling

Figure6. ThenextseriesisdevotedtothestudyoftheCrossScissorRide. This position has been used successfully in the Southwest for the past fif teenyears. Ithasmanyfollowerswhocanpunishtheiropponentsandpro ductfalls.InFigure6wehavethebeginningofaseriesoftricks.

Figure7. Observecarefullythetopman'sridingpositiontobreaktheCross Scissor Ride. You will have to know the field of positions to successfully break the Cross Scissor. Grasp your opponent's left elbow in your right hand,theobjectbeingtogivehimafellingofsecurity. Straightenyourleft legslightly. Thiswillcausehimtoslipdownwardabouttwoinches. Then proceedasinthenextfigure.

Wrestling

ESCAPES

39

Figure 8. With a twist of your body and a quick jerk, thrust your left elbowthroughandgrasphimasshoneinthispicture. Ifyouusethisbreak and get it down good in style, you will not have any difficulty in shaking offyouropponent.

Figure9. Thisfigureisshowntogiveyouanideaoftheworkdonewith bothhandsandneck. Theneckmustbepulledoutfromunderyouroppo nent's arm and you must come on top withsome kind of a Crotch hold or youropponentwillkicklooseandrollawaytobecomefree. Alwaystryto clamponapinningcombinationafteryoubreakaholdofthiskind.

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ESCAPES

Wrestling

Figure10. Inthispictureweareattemptingtoshowanotherbreakforthe CrossScissorRide. WehavenameditTheLimberMan'sMethod. Theob ject is to break the Scissor on the leg, spin out, turn toward the head and comeontop. Whenyoufirstassumethispositionuseyourfeettounhook theScissorandgointopositionNumber11.

Figure11. Iwanttocallyourattentiontoaveryimportantmove. Thisis theonlyinstanceinwhichyouturnawayfromtheCrotch.Thisismadenec essarybyyouropponent'sleftarm. Assoonasyourlegisfreedtakeshort steps and run around toward your opponent's head as shown in Figure 12.

Wrestling

ESCAPES

41

Figure12. Thispicturedoesnotshowitinfulldetailbutyoumusthangon toyouropponent'sarmwithyourarm,andboreintoyouropponentwithyour rightshoulder.Usethisbreakasrapidlyaspossibleoryoumayberecaptured byyouropponent'sthrowinghisleftlegbackintoscissorposition.

Figure13. InthenextthreepicturesIwillshowthebreakforthecruelest holdpermittedinwrestling. ThisholdisnicknamedTheGuillotine. The manwhoisridinginthispicturewouldlikeverymuchtohavehisopponent takeaHeadlock. IftheundermanshouldattemptaHeadlockthetopman wouldtakeaReverseHalfNelson. Hewouldeitherpinhimortearhisside.

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ESCAPES

Wrestling

Figure14. Assoonasyourealizewhatyouropponentistryingtodo,ram your right elbow on the mat and shove it straight forward; press hard with your back on your opponent's shoulder. Please note that you have his arm inacrimp similartoaReverseWristlock. Byleaningbackandputtingon the pressure you can causehim to unhook his arms. When your arms un hook,spinquicklytotheleftasinthenextfigure.

Figure15. This figure shows the hold in the finalstages where the under manhasnotonlybrokentheholdbuthascomeoutontop. Don'ttakethis positionlightlybecausewhenyouareonceclampedinityoucannotgetout.

Wrestling

ESCAPES

43

Figure 16. There are several important parts to the study of the Hook Scissor. In the first place you should never permit your opponent to make youcarryhisweight. Ihaveneverseenamancarryhisopponent'sweight without being exhausted at the end of two minutes. My first instruction is to rolldownonthebatin such amannerthatyoumakethisweightcarry ingnull.

Figure 17. The next break I wish to show is called the High Bridge and TurnUpHill.Spreadyourfeetwide,turnonyourbackandreachforoppo nent'shead. Trytomakehimfeelthatyouwillpinhimifhedoesnotim prove his position. In orderto improve his position hewillhave to loosen hisscissor.Atthefirstmovehemakestoloosenhisscissor,turnoutandcome ontop.

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ESCAPES

Wrestling

Figure18. ThenextmoveiscalledaThreeJerkBreak. Assoonasaman puts a scissor on you drop to the side that the legs are hooked on. Now grasp his knee and give three quick pulls. At the same time putting pres sure on his ankle with your right hip. The complete break is shown in the nextpicture.

Figure19. FirstobservethatthemanbreakingtheHookScissoristurning uphill. Thatyou must turnuphill isthemost important bit of information concerning this hold. This bit of instruction will apply to any wrestling positioninvolvingaroll.

Wrestling

ESCAPES

45

Figure20. The next break is called the Old Standard. it hasbeen named Old Standard because it has been in use nearly twenty years. Drop to the sideonwhichthescissorhasbeenhookedusingthebottomlegtoloosenthe hook. Atthesametimebringingtheankleofthefootofthestraightlegto thepositionshowninthenextpicture.

Figure21. Bridgesufficienttokeeptheshouldersfromtouching. Withthe weightofyourhipspressdownonopponent'sbottomleg. Pulllegoverhead andspintowardyouropponent.ComeupbehindasshowninFigure23,page 46.

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ESCAPES

Wrestling

Figure22. Thispictureshowsthefinishofthebreak. Noticethattheman breaking the scissor follows the fundamental rule and turns uphill. It is a sintoroll ofthemat. Itisabigger sintostayonthematandberidden.

Figure 23. In all the breaks shown so far the man breaking the scissor dropped to the side on which the legs were hooked. Here is one instance where you drop to the other side. Follow the figure exactly and you will haveafastbreaktothrowyouropponentunder.

Wrestling

ESCAPES

47

Figure24. Observethatthesameruleofturninguphillistobefollowed. Also observe that you press down with your hip on your opponent's other leg.Speedisanimportantfactor.

Figure 25. Drop to the side which the legs are hooked. At the same time whip your legs out straight and grab the straight leg by the ankle. Push forward on this leg and at the same time reach back with the right arm, take a Waistlock to complete the escape and come on top. Whatever you do wrong or right, don't permit your opponent to ride you and make youcarryhisweight.

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ESCAPES

Wrestling

Figure26. NomatterwhathasbeensaidfororagainsttheWristlock,itis stillagoodhold. Instructorsshouldteachtheirmenthedefenseandoffense andalsothefoulpositions.Inthenextfewparagraphswillbeshownanum berofusableWristlocks.PleaseobserveFigure26forthefirstcombinations. ThenturntoNo.27forfurtherinvestigation. Themanunderneathputson a Wristlock, hooks his to to prevent shifting, and watches for two things.

Figure 27. Will his opponent bend his arm, or keep it straight? In this caseheiskeepingitstraight. Allthebottommanhastodoisjerkthearm overhishead,keepthetoehookedtopreventshifting,andcomeontop.

Wrestling

ESCAPES

49

Figure28. Thereareseveralimportantpointstobeconsidered. Whenthe bottommanpulledthetopman'sarmoverhisheadhepulledhimupasfar aspossible.HealsoreachedwithlightingspeedforaRearCrotchhold.This keeps the opponent flattened down on his face and permits the man under neathtocomeontop.

Figure29. Herewehavethesamestartwehadforthepreviousseries. The differenceisthatthetop manelectedtofightthepositionwithabentarm. Thebottommanelectedtocounterbyturningthearmintoaswitchingposi tion being careful not to permit his opponent to make a Twisting Hammer lockoutofthehold.

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ESCAPES

Wrestling

Figure30. Atthisstage ofthemovementwatch outfor thefollowing: the Stepoverwiththeopponent'srightleg. UnlessyoutakeaRearCrotchhold hemaybackupandcauseyoutrouble.

Figure31. Nodifficultiesshouldbeexperiencedifyouropponentiskeptflat onhisface.Thiscanbedonebyexertingpressureonhisarmasindicatedin thefigure.Pleaseobservethatthefinalpicturewastakenlefthanded.

Wrestling

ESCAPES

51

Figure32. Inthisfigurewehaveaproblemwhenthemanshiftsaroundto straddleyourleg.Asquicklyaspossiblebringyourkneeinfrontofhisthigh andkickhimoveryourhead. Ashefliesthroughtheairbethinkingwhat youaregoingtodowhenhehitsthemat.

Figure33.ThisfigureshowsindetailtheKickover.Becarefulnottorelease thetightnessofthehold. Keepyouropponent'sarmbent,withhishandon hisownchest.Asherollsoverturnyourfacetothematandturnhisback tothemat. hewillhaveatendencytogetawayfromyouandyoumustjerk backonhimtostophim.

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ESCAPES

Wrestling

Figure34. Pleaseobservehowthevariationsarechanging. Firstwehadthe leghookedoutside,thenthedefensivemanstraddledtheotherleg. Nowhe hasshiftedclearandheismakinganaturalblock.heisnotoutofdangeras wecanseebythenextfigure.

Figure35. ThetopmanshouldlookoutforaKeylock. Ifhisopponentis alert,itislikelythathewillslipontheKeylockbeforethetopmaniseven aware of the danger. the most important part of this series is that the man mustbethrowndirectlyovertheheadandnotfromsidetoside.

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ESCAPES

53

Figure36. InthenexttwofiguresweseetheRollingWristlockbeingthrown intoaKeylock. Theundermanhasnotonlycomeontopbuthasapinning combination. Always lie across your opponent's chest until the Keylock is obtained.ThenshifttoFigure37.

Figure37. DonotpermittheKeylocktobeappliedinsuchamannerthat itbecomesaTwistingHammerlock. Itmaybecomenecessarytograspyour handsandpullacrossthechest.Takemyadviceandpracticebothsidesofthe variation.

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ESCAPES

Wrestling

Figure38. WecontinuewiththedefenseforaWristlockhere. Theseposi tionsareputinsoyouwillknowwhattolookfor.Itisanaturalthingwhen youputaWristlockonamanforhimtoblockittheeasiestway.Theeasiest way is not the best way always. The defensive man has made the error of straighteningouttooflat.

Figure39.ThemanapplyingtheWristlockthrowshistoplegoverhisoppo nent and reverses him to roll underneath. When the movement is con tinuedwefindthebottommancomingontopwitharealpinningcombination.

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Figure40. HerewehavethemanwiththeWristlockfinishingoffhisoppo nentwithaDoubleFrontGrapevineandWristlockonhisarm. Wefindthe undermanisahelplessconditionbeingforceddownforafall. Althoughthe figuredoesnotshowitthemanontopmustnotusetheReverseWristlock. Ifhedoeshecanbethrownoffbytheunderman.Practicethisandyouwill getthefeelofit.

Figure41.UptothepresentwehavefiguredontheScissorbeingappliedto theweakside.Itnowbecomesnecessarytoshowitappliedtothestrongside. Thiscombinationalsoinvolvesthelegs. AgainIwanttocallyourattention totheStepover.

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ESCAPES

Wrestling

Figure 42. You can see the development of this hold. The man with the Wristlockisusingtheleftlegtokeephisopponentfromshiftingover. heis alsoturninghisWristlockintoaSwitch.

Figure43. AstheSwitchiscompletedthemanisflattenedoutandpulled forward.Aftertheserieshasgonethisfaritisalmostimpossibletoescape. Youstillhavethatlurkingdangerofhimsteppingoveryouwithhisleftleg.

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Figure 44. I am actually ashamed to show the merits and demerits of the Wristlock.Afterbuildingupyourhopestoahighpoint,wecomealongwith onefigurewhichwillstopallWristlocksandproducefallsandscorenearfalls. AsIhavesaidbefore,youwillwanttohavearefereewhowillstopthehold beforeitgoestohighupyourback. Whenyouapplythispositiongrabthe skinonyourstomachifnecessary.

Figure45. InthenextthreefigureswehaveaWingingTrick. Whenyour opponent on top of you keeps locking his arms around your chest take the outsideholdandpivotonyourshoulder,throwyourlegshighintheair,so high,infact,thattheywillfallacrossyouropponent'sbodyasshowninFig ure46.

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Figure46. AgainIwantto caution youabout turning inthe proper direc tion. Always remember to turn to the Crotch in every instance with one exception,andthatexceptionisintheCrossScissorRide.

Figure47.Inthisfinalfigureofaseriesofthree,wehavethetopmanturn ingintheproperdirection. Heisalsomaintainingagriponhisopponent's armtopinhimifpossible. Iwanttorepeatthatthebesttimetopin,orgo into a pinning combination is immediately after changing from defense tooffense.

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Figure 48. Until fifteen years ago the Winning Tricks were very small in number.Ihavecalledyourattentiontothefourlegsofthetable.Bycombin ing foot and leg positions with every known winging trick wehave opened upanewfieldandshownsomeoftheprincipalWingingTricks.

Figure49. InFigure48theundermanmerelyhookedhisrighttoeoverhis opponent'srightcalfandgrabbedhisrightwristinhislefthandandfellto theside. Theresultofthismovementisshownhere. Unlessthetopmanis verycleverandfasthewillcomeoutonthebottom.

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Figure50. Inthisfigureweareshowingtheproperreferee'spositionforthe top and the bottom man. Please observe the broad stance the under man occupies. Thetopmanhashisarmlooselyaroundtheopponent'swaistand withhisotherhandhegripshisopponentattheelbow.Coachescannotagree onthepositionofthetopman'shead. Thispositionisasgoodasaverage.

Figure51.HerewehavethebeginningofaSittingoutseries.Pleaseobserve that the top man has stopped the bottom man's attempt to sitout by using theShortWaistlock.Thetopman'spositioncanbetterbeimprovedbypull inghisopponentfurtherbetweenhislegs

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Figure52. ThisshowsthatitisnotalwayspossibletouseaShortWaistlock andwefindthetopmanattemptingtoholdonwithhishandslocked. Ifyou shouldfindyourselfinthissituationtrytokeepyouropponentfrompulling yourhandshighuponhischest.Turntothenextfigurewherethecompletion ofthemovementisshown.

Figure53. ReferringtoFigure52,thebottommanisreadytobringhisarms downhardandbringintoplaythebig musclesofhisbackandchest. The troublewiththispositionisthatonlyonethingcanhappen,thebottomman canescape.Whenhisopponent'shandsarebrokenapart,heturnsonhisface andmeetshisopponentonhandsandknees.

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Figure54.Inaclosematchthetopmanhassomanythingstoguardagainst thatheforgetsaboutthepositionofhisheadandallowshischintoslipover hisopponent'sshoulder. Theundermanreachesupquicklywiththecorre spondingarmandtakesitasshown.

Figure55. Tocompletethisposition,thebottommanmustkeephisoppo nent'sheadunderhishead. Inotherwords,pullhisopponent'sheaddown wardtotheleft. Amadscrambleusuallyresultsandtheundermancomes freeorcomesontop. Rememberthemostimportantthingintheexecution ofthisescapeistokeepyouropponent'sheadunderneath.

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Figure 56. Quite often when the Sitout is attempted the bottom man is pulled back between his opponent's legs who assumes a sitting position as shownhere.Thispositionwouldnotbetoodangerousifhedidnotstaythere toolong.Turntothenextfigureandseewhatishappening.

Figure57. Thebottommanplacesahandoneachkneeofhisopponentand triestostraightenoutoneorbothofhisopponent'slegs.Assoonasheaccom plishesthisheshiftshistailtoasittingpositionlockinghisopponent'sknee joint.AllhehastodonowiscompletethepictureasshowninFigure58.

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Figure58. Ihaveseenmoregoodmenreversedwiththis positionthanin anyothermanner.Itnotonlyendsinanescapeforthebottomman,butquite oftenthetopmanholdsontoolongandgetshimselfintoapinningcombina tion. ObservehoweasyitwouldbeforthebottommantotakeaCrotchand HalfNelsonashecomesup.

Figure59. InthispictureIamshowingabreakforaholddiscussedinthe lastthreepictures.Donotpermitamantositbetweenyourlegs.Assoonas yougetintothispositioncomeoutofitbyusingthisvariation:hookeither toeinyouropponent'skneeandfallbackkickinghimoveronhisheadoutof position.Ihaveneverseenthisbreakpublished.Itisanewversion.

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Figure60. Forthelastseveralyearsnearlyeveryindividualcoachhadsome variation of the Sitout. Here is the Old Standard. It is mighty important toknow.Whentherefereesaysgo,takeashortstepwithyouroutsideleg,at thesametimegraspyouropponent'swrist. Bendyourinsideelbowtoward opponent'scrotch.

Figure61. Shootyourinsidelegthrough,atthesametimejerkingloosethe Waistlockofyouropponent. Continuetheforwardmovementandturnyour face to the mat. Whatever you do, don't pursue the man underneath as he willalwayscomefrewhenthevariationgoesthisfar. Wehavenotfinished withtheSitoutyet,soturntoFigure62,page66.

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Figure62.Inthenextthreefiguresweshowaverycleverserieswhichrecap turestheopponentafterhehasgottenfree. Herearetheinstructions;when youropponentgraspsyourWaistlockandpullsitfreeletitcomeunderhis arminthepositionshownhere.NowturntoFigure63.

Figure63. Thisshowsthepositiontheundermanwillbein,andwillappar ently be free, but the top man's hand lies on top of his right shoulder pit. Before the under man is aware of his being recaptured, he will be turned anticlockwiseandpulleddowntoapositionshowninFigure64.

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Figure64. Thisfigureisselfexplanatory,butitshowsoneparticularthing. You cannot change directions of a movement started, with any power. It also shows the best time to get an advantage is immediately after your opponentthinksheisaway.

Figure 65. In the next two figures we show a variation that you must be onthealertfororyouwillcomeuponthelittleend. Whenyouareunder neath, your opponent may reach through with his left hand and try to breakyoudownbygraspingyourrightarm.Counterhimquicklybygrasp ing his left arm above the elbow and whipping your left shoulder to the mat.ContinuetheholdbystudyingFigure66,page68.

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Figure66. At the exact instantyour left shoulder hits the mat throw your legsintheairhighacrossyouropponent'shipsandhewillfalltotheposi tionshowninthisfigure.YoumaychangethisvariationtoaonelegStep over instead of throwing both legs over. This position is called Near Wing withStepover.

Figure 67. In these two pictures we are attempting for the first time to giveabreakfortheKeylock. Thereareoneortwopointstobeconsidered. First, do not let your opponent force your own hand up your back in a Hammerlock position; instead keep your hand on your chest as indicated here.

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Figure 68. Proceed as follows to break the hold: lock your hands across your own chest,place your feetwide apart,bridge and put pressure toward your opponent, not away, bridge and roll toward him. I realize this is a very brief statement about so important a position. You must practice this variationmanytimesbeforeyouwillbeabletoworkitsuccessfully.

Figure 69. In the next four figures we publish information concerning a reversetocomefromthebottomtotop.Itisthefirstinformationtobegiven in this important series, the movement to start from referee's position on themat. Thefirstmovementisstartedasindicatedhere. Thebottomflips hisinsidearmbackoverhisopponent's.

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Figure70. Thefirst objectiveoftheundermanistoloosentheWaistlock of his opponent. This brings him to the position shown. He assumes this Foot and Leg position. He tightens up on his opponent's right arm with hisleft,puttingslightpressuretowardthefront.

Figure71. Now comesthe reverse. Take a deep step with the right foot, pulling your opponent up with your left hand, grasp under his arm with your right to reverse him and bring him into a pinning hold as shown in figure72.

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Figure72. Letusreviewwhattheundermanhasaccomplished:Hecomes from bottom to free, scoring points, gets credit for a takedown, places his man in a predicament, and scores additional points for a near fall. This variation was the best series called to my attention for the year 1939. It will pin more men in the next Olympic tryouts than any other simple variation.

Figure73. Anybookpublishedonwrestlingwouldshowseveralvariations on the Switch. I have tried to show a series that will work. In the first figureweshowaLegandArmcombinationdesignedtoputpressureonthe shoulders. Pleaseobserve whatthebottom manistryingto do. Hekeeps hiskneeinfrontofhisopponent'srightthighandgraspshisownleg.

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Figure74. Bythetimetheholdprogressesthisfar,hehasmovedhiships farther out to get more leverage, and he has changed his right hand to his opponent'swaist. Ifhedesiresonlyonething,andthatistocomefree,he isinpositiontokickhisopponentoverhishead.

Figure75. This iswhathedoesasshownhere. Thisbrings thetwomen uptotheirfeetoneventerms,scoringanescapefortheunderman. How ever,thetopmanmaybethinkingatthesametimeandwhenheisthrown overhetriestocomeupoutofthemixupwithalegholdofsomekind.

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Figure76. As described in the previous figure, the top man refusesto be kicked over and comes up with a leg hold. The best position for a switchertobeinistohavehisshoulderstowardthemat.

Figure77. In the next four figures we are showing a simple Switch with outtheuseofthelegs. Whipoveryourrightarm,puttingyourhandsinto youropponent'scrotch.Leanbackandputaterrificpressureonyouroppo nent's shoulders. Make two separate moves to move your buttocks farther fromyouropponent.

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Figure 78. You must continue the pressure until the right side of your opponent's face is in contact with the mat. The object of flattening your opponent'sfaceistokeephimfromreswitching.

Figure79. Inthis figurethehold is progressingsuccessfully. Youroppo nent'srightarmhasbeenallowedtogofree;youhaveavoidedthestepover ofyouropponent'srightleg;youhaveshiftedyourlefthandintopositionto pullyouropponentforward.

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Figure80. Thisleavesonlythefinalconclusion. Improveyourpositionas quicklyaspossible. Moveinto agoodriding position andgetset,foryour opponentwillnotwaitlongtostarttogetloose.

ChapterFive

FALLS

Figure1. Thestudyoffalls is oneofthemost importantdepartments. It isalwaysdisappointingtobepinned. Thisislikelytohappenunlessyouare thoroughlytrainedinoffenseanddefense. ThispictureshowsaHeadlockor SideChancery.ItisseldomusedasanoffensiveholdinAmericabutinEurope itisusedquitefreelybothasadefensiveandoffensiveposition.Thevalueof thisholddependsuponyouropponent'sability tobridgeorotherwisebreak theholdwhenappliedasshowninFigure2.

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Figure2. ThetypeofHeadlockshownhereisaspecialedition. Notonly does it have the power to produce a near fall, but it also has the power to break your bridge if you have one. Please notice that the top man used hislegtobringhisopponentonhisshoulders. Healsouseshislefthandto push his opponent's elbow across his face. This combination produces the mostdifficultholdtobreak.

Figure3. Thenextseriesshowsoneofthebestpinningpositions. Itcom binestheEuropeanArm HookwithanAmericanHeadScissor. Ifyoude sire to use this as an Olympic hold merely leave the scissor unhooked, in view of the fact that a touch fall counts make this hold one of the best withwhichtogetaspotfall.

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Figure4. To getthis position, firstobtaintheArm Hook. Reach through with your right hand and grab your opponent's right wrist, then give him pressure with your chest. The next thing to do is to run around and step overhishead. Bothofhisarmswillbetiedupandhecannotprotecthim selffromtheHeadScissor.

Figure 5. Here we see the completion of the hold which will produce a fallorapredicament. ThisisespeciallyeffectiveagainstanAmericanstyle lowbridge. ThistypeofFigure4Scissorislegalandcannotbechangedto achokehold. Thisholdwillwearyouropponentdowntoaweakenedcon dition making him highly susceptible to further attack.

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Figure6. In thisserieswehavewhatisknownasaDoubleOpenScissor and a Half Nelson. Bar your opponent's arms under his chest mounting with OpenLeg Scissor, and hunch him forward to break him down with his chest onthe mat. Now reach back with left to opponent's right elbow; usealongleverageandbringthearmaroundasshowninFigure7.

Figure7. Continuethe pressureof theHalf Nelsonuntil his shouldersare nearing the mat; then slide the right arm through deep into the Half Nel sonposition,renderingyouropponenthelplessasshowninthethirdpicture ofthisseries. Don'tmakethemistakeofbeingforcedtoohighuponyour opponent'schest.

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Figure 8. The most important points are in regard to the application of the Scissor. If you hook it first allow your opponent to turn his back, then quickly snap a Reverse HookScissor or leave the legs unhooked ifyoudesire. Ifthelegsareleftunhooked,beardownhardwithyourright knee; also lift up hard with your left leg to break his bridge. To further strengthenthecombinationputaReverseWristLockonhisleftarm.

Figure 9. The next series is called the Step Over Head Scissor and the Spiral Ride. Please observe the starting position of this ride. the top man reaches through with his left hand, applies pressure with his chest to bring his opponent to the mat, then changes right to opponent's ankle. Then he putshisrightkneebehindhisopponent'sleftarm.

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Figure10. Thenextmoveistostepoverhisopponent'sheadwithhisleft foot and at the same time to jerk up on the opponent's near ankle to start him to roll on the mat. The secret of the strength is in tying the oppo nent's arm inside the Hook Scissor. You must have this hold applied to youinordertofullyappreciateit.

Figure11. PleaseobservethatthearmisincludedwithintheScissor. Also observe thatthe top manis making himselfperpendicular to his opponent's body. You do not need to touch your opponent with your hand after the Scissor is once applied. Another important point is to rock him back on his shoulders and observe your progress by glancing to the left instead of totheright.

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Figure 12. In this pinning combination we have the preliminary for the Head Scissor. In order to make this a successeach move must be followed carefully. Break your opponent down and make sure that he cannot re turn to the normal position. If your opponent is able to return to his nor malposition,itwillbepossibleforhimtobackoutoftheScissor.

Figure13. Thisshowsthemethodemployedtokeephimflattenedout. To do this properly change your right hand to your opponent's left wrist and pry him forward on the side of his head; press down hard with your left elbow. IfyouropponentattemptstoregainhisnormalpositiongrabaRead Crotchandheavehimforwardtoflattenhimout.

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Figure14. Herewehavethetopmanmaking hismovetoapplytheHead Scissor. Move quickly around to his head, putting your left knee at the sideofhisfaceusingyourkneeasapivotpoint. Liftyouropponentabout afootfromthematandclampontheHeadScissorasherollsover.

Figure15. Theimportantpoints tobeobservedaremany. Besuretoget the Scissor placed well down the side of his neck. In hooking your feet besuretogetthetoplegintheforwardposition. Pullhisarmbackunder your left hip and roll toward him to bend his neck and destroy his ability tobridge. Thisisabrutalpinningcombinationandmustbeusedwithcare.

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Figure 16. Here we have one of the most important figures in wrestling. It is the Half Nelson and Crotch. Please observe the following points: ob serve carefully the right on or the top man, and the position of his left hand and forearm. Put your pressure in your right shoulder and lift up with your left. You will find this position of great importance. More fel lowsarepinnedwiththisholdthananyother.

Figure17. Thisholdisusuallybrokenwhentheundermanslideshisright handthroughbetweenhischestandyourchest. Tostopthis,grabhisright handinyourleftandpushitbacktothemat. Putyourweightonhischest andtrytowearhimdown. IfyouthinkheisabouttoescapetaketheKey LockasshowninFigure18.

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Figure18. Thevalue ofthishold ismuchdisputed. Some oftheleading coaches say it cannot be applied legally and produce a fall. Others say it is legal. It is generally agreed, however, that if this hold is applied as a Twisting Hammerlock, it is quite easy to injure your opponent if you turn ontoomuchpressure.

Figure 19. In this figure we show the application of the ThreeQuarter Nelsonwithlegcombination. This isgoodforaquickfallwhenwrestling underOlympicrules. ItwasafavoriteholdofthelateFarmerBurns. You will have to practice this combination to fully appreciate it. When apply ingthisholddonotforceyouropponentoryoumayinjurehisneck.

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Figure20. Hereweseetheholdbeingapplied. Pleasenotetheuseofthe right legto balancetheopponentonhisshouldersandhead. Thedeciding factorintheapplicationofthisholdiswhetheryoucanbalanceyouroppo nent as indicated in the photograph. Notice the pressure is downward and forwardwithyourleg.

Figure21. InthenextfourpicturesweshowhowtobreaktheWristLock and change it to a Half Nelson and Crotch. When your opponent puts on the Wrist Lock shift quickly into the position shown here. Be careful not topermithimtoapplytheKeyLock. Alsomakesurethatyouaregoing tohavethecooperationofthereferee.

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Figure 22. In this figure we have the top man permitting a Wrist Lock to be brought up behind, and at the same time the top man is putting pressurewithhisrightshoulderinhisopponent'sarmpit.

Figure 23. In this position you see the application of the right knee to break your opponent's hands apart, and throw him into Half Nelson and Crotch.

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Figure 24. You should review Figure 22 and see how clever the top man takes the Crotch hold and gets into position to apply the Half Nelson. It was this combination that Frank Lewis won the World's Champion shipattheOlympicGamesin1936. Thesedifferentpositionsaregoodex amplesofchainwrestling.

ChapterSix

MISCELLANEOUS TRAINING

Your preliminary training for a wrestling season should cover the period from September first to January first. It goes without saying that you should have lived as clean as possible all your life, because a man once dissipated will never be quite as good as one who has taken good care of himself. Begin your training by doing crosscountry running, starting with the halfmile for a few days and gradually work up until you can do two miles without feeling tired the next day. When you reach this stage, begin to run only every other day and take wrestling instruction on the days between. the brain must be prepared several weeks in advance of the musclein orderto getthebest coordination. Imeanthatyou cannot learn a hold by trying it just before the match. The paths of reflex are not developed, and you will not be able to use anything explained just before theboutbegin. Begin your mat work by learning all the easy holds and all fundamental positions, then do your studying systematically. Never go to the mat with out having something definite in mind. Learn each group of holds, taking a few each day. And practice each position more than six times before taking another hold. If this plan is used, you will be able to think faster than your opponent when you get into a regular match, and that will win foryouifyouareinasgoodshapeasheis. Always supplement your work with some form of calesthenics. Those that will work out the lateral trunk, abdomen, front neck, back neck, biceps, and triceps are the best. To do this quickly, lie on your back and raise both feet, keeping the knees straight. This exercise works out the abdominal muscles. then with the weight supported on the sides of the feet and one ar, and with the arm straight, raise and lower the hip to the mat, working out the lateral trunk. Then bridge on your back trying

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tothrowyourarmsinasmanypositionsaspossible. Especialstudyshould begiventotheHighBridge. Turnfacedownonthematandworkoutthe front muscles. Chin for bicep development and follow with rope skipping orrunningtodevelopendurance. Watch your diet. Eat enough, but not too much. You can eat nearly everything but do not eat anything between meals, or take cold drinks of anykind. Getatleast eighthours of sleepand don't tryto taketoo many activities. You cannot work five hours a day, miss meals, wrestle, study, anddoseveralthingsandbeinanythinglikewrestlingcondition. Study each day's work before you go to the mat, and have your work outs progress in violence and in the things you are to learn. Each do go backandseeifyouhaveleftanythingundone,orhavefailedtocompletely orpartly,learnanyoftheholds,trips,orcountersofthepreviouslesson. Watch your physical condition and if you feel you are not as good as the day before or lack strength or staying qualities, you no doubt are a little overtrained. In this event, (skip one day) omit one day's mat work and reduce the amount of exercise until it seems to keep you in the best ofcondition. It may be that you are undertrained, and will have to go back and start over. Takesomeform ofenduranceworktobuilduptowhereyoucando theworkyoushould. Ifthisbethecase,increasethedistanceyouarerun ning and the musclebuilding work, but do not take enough to overdo the thing. If too much calethenic work is taken, the muscle tone is increased totoogreatadegreeandasluggishandslowmovingmuscleresults. Remember that man is an animal with very little natural coordination and abilithy to perform with hands or feet. This is nearly all acquired by constant practice. For example, a bird can fly without using any thought orwithoutthefront brainatall. Amanhastothinkorhecannotdoany thing at all. It may be only a slight effort to him, but he has to be con scious of what he is doing and for that reason is considered the poorest developedanimalwhenitcomestonaturalcondition. During the past fifteen years I have made a special study of the feeding ofsugar. Inoticethatthereisadefiniterelationinstrengthtotheamount ofsugaryoueat,uptoacertainpoint. WhenIfoundoutyouhavetohave sugar to have endurance, I selected four different sugars for the experiment plain white sugar, brown sugar, Karo syrup, and strained honey. Many thingswereconsideredenergyandsicknessduetooverworkwerethemost important, For all purposes I found brown sugar and Karo syrup about even. I also found out that man who has had sugar can definitely control his weight and recover more rapidly from the ordeal of making weight. If you are properly sugared, you can stop your weight on an ounce while, if not properly sugared, you will have a tendency to drop weight even after youhave weighed. Ifoundtwelve spoonfuls tobetheproperamount toeateachtwentyfourhoursbeforeweighingin.

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Another experiment I conducted was one to determine the proper starva tionscheduleastolengthoftime. Ifoundfourdaysthebest. forexample, if you are making weight you should starve over a fourday period to lose the necessary weight if you want to have strength. It is only a question ofnatureadjusting itselftotheuseofthetissuesofthebodyintheeasiest manner. Never, under any conditions, make your starvation period thirty six hours, for you are the weakest at this time. Let us take, for example, a definite problem: Aboy must reduce five pounds to weighin on Friday at 3 P. M. and this is Monday. Lose one pound by Tuesday, two pounds by Wednesday, three pounds by Thursday, and five pounds by Friday. I am also assuming the man has sugar after his workout Thursday. After heweightsingivehimheavilysugaredteaandafteronehalfhourfeedhim alight meal. heisallowedwater,but not to excess. Heshould maketwo andaquarterpounds bythetimehesuitsupto beathisbest. Remember hewillcontinue todropin weightifyou havenot givenhim sugar andhe willgotothematflatweightorunder. Thiswould beadefinitehandicap thatyoucanavoidbytheproperfeedingofsugar.