Ch 8 - Applications of Equilibrium

8.8

Solubility Product

More Examples Relative Solubility Effect of pH on Solubility Effect of Common Ion on Solubility

Sections to Skip: 8.3, 8.7, 8.9, and 8.10

Week 11

CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M

More Examples of Ksp

What is the molar solubility of AgCl(s)?
AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Ksp = [Ag+] x [Cl-] = 1.6 x 10-10 Notice format of this equilibrium: Solve on board AB A + + B-

Week 11

CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M

More Analysis of Ksp

Salt Format AB Ksp Expression [A+] x [B-] = s2

AB2 A2B

[A+] x [B-]2 = s x (2s)2 = 4s3

What is the K sp when the salt has a different stoichiometric format?

Week 11

CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M

More Examples of Ksp

X3Y2(s) Ca3(PO4)2(s) 3X2+(aq) 3Ca2+(aq) [Ca2+] = 3 [Ca3 (PO4)2 ] = 3s + + 2Y3-(aq) 2PO4 3-(aq)

[PO43-] = 2 [Ca3(PO4)2] = 2s Ksp = 1.3 x 10-32 = [Ca2+] 3 x [PO43-]2 Ksp = 1.3 x 10-32 = (3s)3 x (2s)2 = 27s3 x 4s2 = 108s5
Week 11 CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M 4

Solubility
What is the solubility of Ca3(PO4)2?
Ca3(PO4)2(s) 3Ca2+(aq) + 2PO4 3-(aq)

Ksp = 1.3 x 10-32 = (3s)3 x (2s)2 = 27s3 x 4s2 = 108s5 s= 1.3 x 10-32 108

s = 1.6 x 10-7 M

Week 11

CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M

More Analysis of Ksp

Salt Format AB Ksp Expression [A+] x [B-] = s2

AB2 A2B A3B2

[A+] x [B-]2 = s x (2s)2 = 4s3

108s5

Week 11

CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M

Relative Solubillity
Salt AgI CuI CaSO4 Ksp 1.5 x 10-16 5.0 x 10-12 6.1 x 10-5 Solubility, M 1.2 x 10-8 2.2 x 10-6 7.8 x 10-3

As K sp increases, solubility also increases Notice how all salts being compared here have this format: AB A+ + B Solve for solubility when comparing salts with different formats
Week 11 CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M 7

Effect of pH on Solubility
Many solids dissolve more readily in acidic solutions than in water.
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-(aq) [Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 10-17
As pH decreases (i.e. as soln is made more acidic): [H+] increases [OH-] decreases Equilibrium shifts to RIGHT More Zn(OH)2 dissolves
Week 11 CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M 8

Effect of pH on Solubility
Estimate the molar solubility of Fe(OH)3 in water. Estimate the molar solubility of Fe(OH)3 in a solution that is buffered to a pH of 2.9. Ksp = 1.1 x 10-36 Fe(OH)3(s)
y

Fe3+(aq) + 3 OH-(aq)
y 3y

Solve on board
Week 11 CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M 9

Common Ion on Solubility

If a solution and a solid salt to be dissolved in it have an ion in common, then the solubility of the salt is depressed.
AB (s) A+ (aq) + B- (aq)
What happens if some extra A+ or B- is added from another source?

Week 11

CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M

10

Common Ion on Solubility

The Ksp of thallium(I) iodate (TlIO3) is 3.1 x 10-6 at 25C. Determine the molar solubility of TlIO3 in 0.050 M KIO3 at 25C. TlIO3(s) Tl+(aq) +
[s] [s]
[Tl+] (mol L-1) Initial concentration 0 mol Change in concentration +s Equilibrium concentration s
Week 11

IO3- (aq)
[s]
[IO3-] (mol L-1) 0.050 mol L-1 +s 0.050 + s
11

L-1

CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M

PRS Question
Which salt MCO3 or M2CO3 is more soluble in water? M denotes a metal.
1. MCO3 2. M2CO3 K sp = 4.0 x 10 -10 Ksp = 3.2 x 10 -11

Solve on board

Week 11

CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M

12

PRS Question
For Mg(OH)2(s), (Ksp = 1.2 x 10-11), as the pH is raised, the solubility of Mg(OH)2 in water should:
1. Decrease 2. Increase 3. Remain the same

HINT
Week 11

Mg(OH)2(s)

Mg2+(aq) + 2 OH-(aq)

[Mg2+][OH-]2

= Ksp = 1.2 10-11

13

CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M

PRS Question
For Mg(OH)2(s), (Ksp = 1.2 x 10-11), as the pH is raised, the solubility of Mg(OH)2 in water should:
1. Decrease 2. Increase 3. Remain the same

HINT
Week 11

Mg(OH)2(s)

Mg2+(aq) + 2 OH-(aq)

[Mg2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 1.2 10-11

CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M 14