This example is a continuation of the short circuit analysis described in the example 3.

The arc flash study will be conducted using IEEE 1584 procedure from the IEEE 1584 Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations implemented in the online arc flash calculator presented on this web-site. Incident energies and flash protection boundaries at nodes a) to j) of the power distribution system shown below will be determined.

Figure 1. One-line diagram of power distribution system Arc flash analysis requires 3 phase bolted short circuit current value and system line-line voltage at each of the potential fault points. These can be obtained by running online short circuit calculator. System's radial representation in terms of database records programmed in the calculator is shown below. The system "tree" is broken into levels, with each level being more focused than the last [more ..]: ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Label PSE TX-1 C-4 C-5 C-1 TX-3 TX-4 TX-2 M-2 SC MVA 2000.00 250.00 11050.00 4205.00 7735.00 83.30 7.50 16.67 2.38 5.96 8.94 0.00 66.80 66.80 2.67 1.47 1.48 X/R 7.0 22.3 1.1 1.6 1.1 12.6 3.7 5.7 17.6 25.0 28.4 0.0 1.0 1.0 4.5 14.2 4.5 Description PSE-SOUTH 2000MVA S.E. TX-1 20 MVA Z=8% D-YRG 1-1/C-4/0 AWG 210 FEET CU 1-1/C-2/0 AWG 400 FEET CU 1-1/C-4/0 AWG 300 FEET CU TX-3 5 MVA Z=6% D-YRG TX-4 0.3 MVA Z=4% D-YG TX-2 1 MVA Z=6% D-YG 398KVA 16.7%Z 17.62X/R 996KVA 16.7%Z 24.97X/R 1494KVA 16.7%Z 28.43X/R 0 SCMVA 480V PANEL 2-1/C-350 MCM 125 FEET CU 2-1/C-350 MCM 125 FEET CU 446KVA 16.7%Z 4.5X/R 247KVA 16.7%Z 14.21X/R 247KVA 16.7%Z 4.5X/R Parent ID 0 1 2 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 7 8 8 13 8 14

10 M-3 11 M-4 12 PNL-1 13 C-3 14 C-2 15 MCC-1 16 M-1 17 MCC-2

Table 1. Single line Diagram in radial representation as required for programming in the short circuit calculator. Resulting 3 phase bolted short circuit MVA and current values are displayed below (see Example 3 for details): PSE[ 2000.00 (7.00X/R) + 17.13 (13.05X/R) = 2017.10 (7.03X/R)] TX-1[ 222.33 (17.97X/R) + 18.40 (12.67X/R) = 240.72 (17.41X/R)] C-5[ 229.13 (11.94X/R) + 0.00 (7.00X/R) = 229.13 (11.94X/R)]

TX-4[ 7.27 (3.79X/R) + 0.00 (7.00X/R) = 7.27 (3.79X/R)] PNL-1[0.00(0.0X/R)] C-1[ 231.10 (13.50X/R) + 4.13 (5.27X/R) = 235.20 (13.14X/R)] TX-2[ 15.55 (5.93X/R) + 5.49 (5.15X/R) = 21.04 (5.71X/R)] M-1[1.47(14.2X/R)] C-2[ 15.66 (3.17X/R) + 1.48 (4.50X/R) = 17.14 (3.26X/R)] MCC-2[1.48(4.5X/R)] C-3[ 14.95 (3.29X/R) + 2.67 (4.50X/R) = 17.61 (3.43X/R)] MCC-1[2.67(4.5X/R)] C-4[ 222.85 (14.13X/R) + 14.31 (21.45X/R) = 237.16 (14.42X/R)] TX-3[ 60.64 (12.98X/R) + 17.28 (25.10X/R) = 77.91 (14.54X/R)] M-3[5.96(25.0X/R)] M-4[8.94(28.4X/R)] M-2[2.38(17.6X/R)] Table 2. Resulting short circuit current values in MVA. The calculator output. Short circuits contributed by upstream (red) and downstream (blue) equipment are listed across each node. For a three phase fault, simply divide total SC MVA value by 1.73 * kVLL to get short circuit current values in kA: UP STREAM MVA 2000 222.3 222.9 229 231.1 60.6 7.27 15.6 14.9 15.7 DOWN STREAM MVA 17.3 18.4 14.3 0 4.1 17.3 0 5.5 2.7 1.5 RES MVA 2017 240.67 237.1 229 235.1 77.9 7.27 21.04 17.6 17.1

ID LABEL DESCRIPTION 1 PSE 2 TX-1 3 C-4 4 C-5 5 C-1 6 TX-3 7 TX-4 8 TX-2 13 C-3 14 C-2 PSE-SOUTH 2000MVA S.E. TX-1 20 MVA Z=8% D-YRG 1-1/C-4/0 AWG 210 FEET CU 1-1/C-2/0 AWG 400 FEET CU 1-1/C-4/0 AWG 300 FEET CU TX-3 5 MVA Z=6% D-YRG TX-4 0.3 MVA Z=4% D-YG TX-2 1 MVA Z=6% D-YG 2-1/C-350 MCM 125 FEET CU 2-1/C-350 MCM 125 FEET CU

NODE a b c d e f g h I j

Table 3. Tabulated positive sequence short circuit current values in MVA. ID LABEL BUS KV UP STREAM KA DOWN STREAM KA RESULTING KA NODE 1 PSE 2 TX-1 3 C-4 4 C-5 5 C-1 115 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 10.1 9.3 9.3 9.6 9.7 0.1 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.2 10.1 10.1 9.9 9.6 9.8 a b c d e

6 TX-3 7 TX-4 8 TX-2 13 C-3 14 C-2

2.4 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48

14.6 8.8 18.8 17.9 18.9

4.2 0.0 6.6 3.3 1.8

18.8 8.8 25.3 21.2 20.6

f g h I j

Table 4. Tabulated bolted three phase short circuit current values in kA. Also, the equipment configuration, namely gap between conductors, equipment class, grounding type, working distance, and the protective device operating time is needed for arc flash study. The calculator uses bolted short circuit current values and the equipment configuration to calculate arcing current. The operating / arcing time is determined based on the arcing current, which can be considerably lower than the bolted fault current. The operating time can be obtained from the time-current characteristic of the upstream protective device of the faulted bus and the arcing current value estimated by online arc flash calculator. If a main breaker or fuse protects the bus and this breaker or fuse is connected to the bus, then the arcing time would be equal to the trip time for this main device. This applies when a worker is working on the bus or on the load side of the main breaker/fuse. However, if energized work is required on the line side of the main breaker/fuse, the tripping effect of the main breaker must be excluded and the upstream trip device characteristic is used to calculate the arcing time. Arc Arc Fault Fault Bus Name / Bus, Node kV PSE / a) MAIN SWITCH / b) BUS-7 / c) BUS-9 / d) BUS-3 - e) REFINER f) BUS-10 / g) BUS-4 / h) MCC-1 / i) 115
[1] Arc Arc Arcing Arcing Bolted Equip Flash Gap, Current, Time, SCC, Type Limit, mm. kA sec. kA ft.

Work Dist, inch 38

Incident Energy, cal/cm2

Risk Cate gory

Open Air

178

10.1

10.1

13.8

Switch 152 gear Open Air Open Air Open Air 152 152 152

9.3

9.0

0.4

12.8

18

9.7

#3

13.8 13.8 13.8 2.4 0.48 0.48 0.48

9.9 9.6 9.7 14.6 8.8 18.8 17.9

9.6 9.4 9.6 14.1 5.6 10.6 10.8

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.54 0.2 0.34 0.19

2.6 2.6 2.6 30.1 3.4 8.3 4.7

26 26 26 18 18 18 18

1.8 1.7 1.8 22.3 3.5 15 7.8

#1 #1 #1 #3 #1 #3 #2

Switch 102 gear Switch gear Switch gear MCC 32 32 25

MCC-2 / j) 0.48 MCC 25 18.9 11.2 0.19 4.6 18 7.7 #2 Table 5. Results of Arc Flash Hazard Analysis [1] - Bolted fault current the upstream protective device is subject to (see UPSTREAM KA column from table 4 above). This value is used to determine arcing current and arc duration the upstream protective device is subject to. Total short circuit current consists of current contributed both by upstream and downstream equipment (see RESULTING KA column from table 4 above). Table 5 above shows the equipment configuration, arcing current determined by the calculator for the given configuration, system voltage and bolted fault current. Arc flash boundary, incident energy at specified working distance and risk category are determined based on IEEE 1584 procedure described in IEEE 1584 Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations and implemented in the online arc flash calculator.