Multi-Protocol Lable Switching - CHUYN MCH NHN A GIAO THC MPLS

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CHUYN MCH NHN A GIAO THC MPLS

1. TNG QUAN

1.1. Gii thiu MPLS l vit tt ca Multi-Protocol Label Switching. MPLS l mt cng ngh kt hp c im tt nht gia nh tuyn lp 3 v chuyn mch lp 2 cho php chuyn ti cc gi rt nhanh trong mng li (Core) v nh tuyn tt mng bin (Edge) bng cch da vo nhn (Label). MPLS l mt phng php ci tin vic chuyn tip gi trn mng bng cc nhn gn vi mi gi IP, t bo ATM hoc frame lp 2. Phng php chuyn mch nhn gip cc Router v MPLS-enable ATM switch ra quyt nh theo ni dung nhn tt hn vic nh tuyn phc tp theo a ch IP ch. MPLS cho php kt ni tnh thc thi v kh nng chuyn mch lp 2 vi nh tuyn lp 3. Cho php cc ISP cung cp cc dch v khc nhau m khng cn b i c s h tng sn c. Cu trc ca MPLS c tnh mm do trong bt k s phi hp vi cng ngh lp 2 no. MPLS h tr mi giao thc lp 2, trin khai hiu qu cc dch v IP trn mt mng chuyn mch IP. MPLS h tr to ra cc tuyn khc nhau gia ngun v ch trn mt ng trc Internet. Bng vic tch hp MPLS vo kin trc mng, cc ISP c th gim chi ph, tng li nhun, cung cp nhiu hiu qu khc nhau v t c hiu qu cnh tranh cao. 1.2. c im mng MPLS + Khng c MPLS API. cng khng c thnh phn giao thc pha host. + MPLS ch nm trn cc Router. + MPLS l mt giao thc c lp nn c th hot ng cng cc giao thc khc IP nh IPX, ATm, Frame Relay,

+ MPLS gip n gin ha qu trnh nh tuyn v lm tng tnh linh ng ca cc tng trung gian.
1.3. MPLS v m hnh tham chiu OSI

MPLS c xem l cng ngh bc m (shim layer), n nm trn lp 2 nhng li nm di lp 3, v vy i khi ngi ta gi n l lp 2,5.

Nguyn l ca MPLS l tt c cc gi IP s c gn nhn (Label) v chuyn tip theo mt ng dn LSP (Label Switching Path). Cc Router trn ng ch dn cn c vo ni dung ca nhn thc hin quyt nh chuyn tip gi m khng cn kim tra header IP.
1.4. u im v ng dng MPLS 1.4.1. Tnh thng minh phn tn

Trong mng chuyn mch knh, tnh thng minh ch yu tp trung mng li (Core). Tt c cc thit b thng minh u t trong mng li nh cc tng i toll, transit, MSC Cc thit b km thng minh hn th c t bin (Edge), v d nh cc tng i ni ht, truy cp Trong mng gi IP, tnh thng minh gn nh chia u cho cc thit b trong mng. Tt c cc Router u phi lm 2 nhim v l nh tuyn v chuyn mch. y l u im nhng cng l nhc im ca IP. Quan im ca MPLS l tnh thng minh cng a ra bin th mng cng hot ng tt. L do l thnh phn mng li phi chu ti rt cao. Thnh phn mng li nn c thng minh thp v nng lc chuyn ti cao. MPLS phn tch 2 chc nng : nh tuyn v chuyn mch : + Cc Router bin thc hin nh tuyn v gn nhn (Label) cho gi. + Cn cc Router mng li ch thc hin vic chuyn tip gi tin vi tc cao da vo nhn. Tnh thng minh c y ra ngoi bin l mt trong nhng u im ln nht ca MPLS. 1.4.2. n gin ha chc nng chuyn tip MPLS s dng c ch chuyn tip cn c vo nhn c di c nh nn quyt nh chuyn tip c th xc nh ngay ch vi mt ln tra cu ch mc trong LFIB. C ch ny n gin v nhanh hn nhiu so vi gii thut (longest prefix match) dng trong chuyn tip gi datagram thng thng. 1.4.3. K thut lu lng (MPLS Traffic Engineer) u im ln nht ca MPLS l kh nng thc hin lu lng (TE: Traffic Engineer), n m bo lu lng c nh tuyn i qua mt mng theo mt cch thc tin cy v hiu qu nht. K thut lu lng cho php cc ISP nh tuyn theo cch m h c th cung cp dch v tt nht cho khch hng kha cnh thng lng v tr. MPLS-TE cho php lu lng c phn b hp l qua ton b h tng mng, ti u ha hiu sut s dng mng. 1.4.4. nh tuyn QoS t ngun (MPLS QoS) nh tuyn QoS t ngun l mt c ch trong cc LSR c xc nh trc nt ngun (LSR li vo) da vo mt s thng tin v kh dng ti

nguyn trong mng cng nh yu cu QoS ca lung lu lng. Ni cch khc, n l mt giao thc nh tuyn c m rng ch tiu chn ng bao gm cc tham s nh bng thng kh dng, vic s dng link v ng dn end-to-end, ch chim dng ti nguyn ca nt, tr v bin ng tr. 1.4.5. Mng ring o VPN (MPLS VPN) VPN cho php khc hng thit lp mng ring ging nh knh thu ring nhng vi chi ph thp hn bng vic s dng h tng mng cng cng dng chung. Kin trc MPLS p ng tt c cc yu cu cn thit h tr VPN bng cch thit lp cc ng hm LSP s dng nh tuyn tng minh. Do , MPLS s dng cc ng hm LSP cho php nh khai thc cung cp dch v VPN theo cch tch hp trn cng mt h tng m h cung cp dch v Internet. Hn na, c ch xp chng nhn cho php cu hnh nhiu VNP lng nhau trn h tng mng. 1.4.6. Chuyn tip c phn cp (Hierachical forwarding) Thay i ng k nht c MPLS a ra khng phi kin trc nh tuyn m l kin trc chuyn tip. S ci tin trong kin trc chuyn tip c tc ng ng k n kh nng cung cp chuyn tip phn cp. Chuyn tip phn cp theo cch lng mt LSP vo mt LSP khc (xp chng nhn hay cn gi l iu khin gi a cp). Thc ra chuyn tip phn cp khng phi l k thut mi; ATM cung cp c ch chuyn tip 2 mc vi khi nim ng o (VP) v knh o (VC). Tuy nhin MPLS cho php cc LSP c lng nhau mt cch ty , cung cp iu khin gi a cp cho vic chuyn tip. 1.4.7. Kh nng m rng (Scalability) Chuyn mch nhn cung cp mt s tch bit ton din hn gia nh tuyn lin min (inter-domain) v nh tuyn min hi t (intra-domain), iu ny ci tin ng k kh nng m rng ca MPLS cn nh vo FEC (thu gom lung), xp chng nhn hp nht (merging), hoc lng nhau (nesting) cc LSP. Ngoi ra, nhiu LSP lin kt vi cc FEC khc nhau c th trn vo cng LSP. S dng LSP lng nhau cng ci thin vic m rng MPLS. 1.4.8. im vt tri ca MPLS so vi IP trn ATM

Khi hp nht vi chuyn mch ATM, chuyn mch nhn tn dng nhng thun li ca t bo ATM chiu di thch hp v chuyn vi tc cao. Trong mng a dch v chuyn mch nhn cho php chuyn mch BPX/MGX nhm cung cp dch v ATM, Frame Relay v Internet trn mt mt phng n trong mt con ng i tc cao. Cc mt phng (Platform) cng cng h tr cc dch v ny tit kim chi ph v n gin ha hot ng cho nh cung cp a dch v. ISP s dng chuyn mch ATM trong mch li, chuyn mch nhn gip cc dng Cisco, BPX8600, MGX8800, Router chuyn mch a dch v 8540 v cc chuyn mch Cisco ATM gip qun l mng hiu qu hn xp chng (overlay) lp IP trn mng ATM. Chuyn mch nhn trnh nhng rc ri gy ra do c nhiu Router hng ngang v h tr cu trc phn cp (hierarchical structure) trong mt mng ca ISP. + S tch hp : MPLS xc nhp tnh nng ca IP v ATM ch khng xp chng lp IP trn ATM. MPLS gip cho c s h tng ATM thy c nh tuyn IP v b qua cc yu cu nh x gia cc c tnh IP v ATM. MPLS khng cn a ch ATM v k thut nh tuyn (nh PNNI). + tin cy cao hn : vi c s h tng ATM, MPLS c th kt hp hiu qu vi nhiu giao thc nh tuyn IP trn ATM thit lp mi trng mng li (mesh) dch v cng cng gia cc Router xung quanh mt m my ATM. Tuy nhin c nhiu vn xy ra do cc PCV link gia cc Router xp chng trn mng ATM. Cu trc mng ATM khng th thy b nh tuyn. Mt link ATM b hng lm hng nhiu Router-to-Router link, gy kh khn cho lng cp nht thng tin nh tuyn v nhiu tin trnh x l ko theo. + Trc tip thc thi cc loi dch v : MPLS s dng hng i v b m ca ATM cung cp nhiu loi dch v khc nhau. N h tr quyn u tin IP v loi dch v (class of service cos) trn chuyn mch ATM m khng cn chuyn i sang cc lp ATM Forum Service. + H tr hiu qu cho Multicast v RSVP : Khc vi MPLS, xp lp IP trn ATM ny sinh nhiu bt li, c bit trong vic h tr cc dch v IP nh IP multicast v RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol). MPLS h tr cc dch v ny, k tha thi gian v cng vic theo cc chun v khuyn khch to nn nh x xp x ca cc c trng IP&ATM. + S o lng v qun l VPN : MPLS c th tnh c cc dch v IP VPN v rt d qun l cc dch v VPN quan trng cung cp cc mng IP ring trong c s h tng ca n. Khi mt ISP cung cp dch v ATM h tr nhiu VPN ring

trn mt c s h tng n. Vi mt ng trc MPLS, thng tin VPN ch c x l ti 1 im ra vo. Cc gi mang nhn MPLS i qua 1 ng trc v n im ra ng ca n. Kt hp MPLS vi MP-BGP (Multiprotocol Broder Gateway Protocol) to ra cc dch v VPN da trn nn MPLS (MPLS base VPN) d qun l hn vi s iu hnh chuyn tip qun l pha VPN v cc thnh vin VPN. + Gim ti trn mng li : Cc dch v VPN hng dn cch MPLS h tr mi thng tin nh tuyn phn cp. Hn na, c th tch ri cc nh tuyn Internet khi li mng cung cp dch v. Ging nh d liu VPN, MPLS ch cho php truy sut bng nh tuyn Internet ti im ra vo ca mng. Vi MPLS, k thut lu lng truyn bin ca AS c gn nhn lin kt vi im tng ng. S tch ri ca nh tuyn ni khi nh tuyn Internet y cng gip hn ch li, n nh v tng tnh bo mt. + Kh nng iu khin lu lng : MPLS cung cp kh nng iu khin lu lng s dng hiu qu ti nguyn mng. K thut lu lng gip chuyn ti t cc phn qu ti sang cc phn cn ri ca mng da vo im ch, loi lu lng, ti, thi gian
2. CC KHI NIM C BN TRONG MPLS

2.1.

Min MPLS (MPLS domain) RFC 3031 m t min MPLS l mt tp hp cc nt mng thc hin hot ng nh tuyn v chuyn tip MPLS. Mt min MPLS thng c qun l v iu khin bi mt nh qun tr.

Min MPLS c chia ra lm 2 phn : phn li (Core) v phn mng bin (Edge). Cc nt thuc min MPLS c gi l Router chuyn mch nhn LSR

(Label Switch Router). Cc nt phn mng li c gi l transit-LSR hay cn gi l core-LSR. Cc nt bin gi l Router bin nhn LER (Label Edge Router). Nu mt LER l nt u tin trn ng i ca mt gi xuyn quan min MPLS th n c gi l LER li vo (ingress-LER), cn nu l nt cui cng th n c gi l LER li ra (egress-LER). Lu cc thut ng ny c p dng ty theo chiu ca lung lu lng trong mng, do vy mt LER c th l ingress-LER va l egress-LER ty theo lung lu lng ang xt.

Thut ng upstream-LSR v downstream-LSR cng c dng, ph thuc vo chiu ca lung lu lng. Cc ti liu MPLS thng dng k hiu Ru hin th upstream-LSR v Rd hin th downstream-LSR.
2.2. Lp chuyn tip tng ng (FEC) Lp chuyn tip tng ng FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class) l tp hp cc gi c i x nh nhau bi mt LSR. Nh vy, FEC l mt nhm cc gi IP c chuyn tip trn cng mt ng chuyn mch nhn LSP, c i x theo cng mt cch thc v c th nh x vo mt nhn bi mt LSR cho d chng c th khc nhau v lung thng tin header lp mng.

2.3.

Nhn v Stack nhn RFC 3031 nh ngha nhn l mt b nhn dng c di ngn v c nh, mang ngha cc b dng nhn bit mt FEC. Nhn c dn ln mt gi bo cho LSR bit gi ny cn i u. Phn ni dung nhn c di 20 bit khng cu trc, nh vy s nhn c th c l 220. Gi tr nhn nh ngha ch mc (index) dng trong bng chuyn tip. Mt gi c th c dn chng nhiu nhn, cc nhn cha trong mt ni gi la Stack nhn (Label stack). Stack nhn l mt tp hp gm mt hoc nhiu entry nhn t chc theo quy tc LIFO. Ti mi hop trong mng ch x l nhn hin hnh trn nh stack. Chnh nhn ny c LSR s dng chuyn tip gi.

Nu gi tin cha c nhn th stack nhn l rng c su bng 0. Nu stack c chiu su l d th mc 1 s l y stack (bit S trong entry nhn t tn l 1) v mc d s l nh stack. Mt entry nhn c th c t thm vo (push) hoc ly ra (pop) khi stack.
2.4. Hon i nhn (Label Swapping) Hon i nhn l cch dng cc th tc chuyn tip gi. chuyn tip gi c nhn, LSR kim tra nhn trn nh stack v dng nh x ILM (Incoming Label Map) nh x nhn ny ti mt entry chuyn tip nhn NHLFE (Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry). S dng thng tin trong NHLFE, LSR xc nh ra ni chuyn tip gi tin v thc hin tc v trn stack nhn. Ri n m ha stack nhn mi vo gi v chuyn gi i. Chuyn tip gi cha c nhn cng din ra tng t nhng xy ra ingressLER. LER phn tch header lp mng xc nh FEC ri s dng nh x FTN (FEC-to-NHLFE) nh x FEC vo mt NHLFE.

2.5.

ng chuyn mch nhn LSP (Label Switched Path) ng chuyn mch nhn LSP l mt ng ni gia Router ng vo v Router ng ra, c thit lp bi cc nt MPLS chuyn cc gi i xuyn qua mng. ng dn ca mt LSP qua mng c nh ngha bi s chuyn i cc gi tr nhn cc LSP dc theo LSP bng cch dng th tc hon i nhn. Khi nim LSP tng t nh khi nim mch o (VC) trong ATM.

Kin trc ca MPLS cho php phn cp cc LSP, tng t nh ATM s dng VPI v VCI to ra cc phn cp trn knh o (VC) nm trong ng o (VP). Tuy nhin ATM ch h tr 2 mc phn cp, trong khi vi MPLS th s mc phn cp cho php rt ln nh kh nng cha c nhiu entry nhn trong stack nhn. V l thuyt, gii hn s lng nhn trong stack ph thuc vo gi tr MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) ca cc giao thc lp lin kt c dng dc theo mt LSP.

2.6.

Chuyn gi qua min MPLS Sau y l mt v d minh ha qu trnh truyn gi tin qua min MPLS. Gi tin IP khi i t ngoi mng vo min MPLS c Router A ng vai tr l ingressLER s gn nhn c gi tr l 6 cho mi gi IP ri chuyn tip n Router B. Router B da vo bng hon i nhn kim tra nhn ca gi tin. N thay gi tr nhn mi l 3 v chuyn tip n Router C. Router C, vic kim tra tng t nh B v s hon i nhn, gn n c gi tr l 9 v tip tc c a n Router D. Router D ng vai tr egress-LER s kim tra bng hon i nhn v g b nhn 9 ra khi gi tin v nh tuyn gi IP mt cch bnh thng i ra khi min MPLS. Vi kiu lm vic ny th cc LSR trung gian nh Router B v C s khng phi thc hin vic kim tra ton b header IP ca gi tin m n ch vic kim tra cc gi tr ca nhn, so snh vi bng nh tuyn v chuyn tip. V vy tc x l trong min MPLS s nhanh hn nhiu so vi vic nh tuyn IP thng thng. ng i t Router A n Router D c gi l ng chuyn mch nhn LSP (Label Switched Path).

2.7.

M ha nhn v cc ch ng gi nhn MPLS M ha stack nhn

Nhm 32 bit trn l mt entry trong stack nhn, trong phn gi tr nhn thc s ch c 20 bit. Phn thng tin cng thm 12 bit gm cc trng sau : + EXP (mt s ti liu gi l CoS Class of Service) gm 3 bit, c th l mt hm ca trng TOS (Type of Service) hoc Diffserv trong gi IP. a s cc nh sn xut s dng bit ny mang ch th QoS, thng l copy trc tip t cc bit TOS trong gi IP. Khi gi MPLS vo hng i, c th s dng cc bit EXP theo cch ging nh cc bit u tin trong IP. + S gm 1bit, ch th y ca stack nhn. Khi mt nhn nm y ca stack nhn, th bit S t ln 1, cn cc nhn khc c bit S t v 0. Bit S l phng tin xc nh y stack nhn t u. + TTL gm 8 bit thng c copy trc tip t trng TTL ca header IP, c gim i 1 qua mi hop chn loop nh tuyn ging nh IP. Tuy nhin cng c th t khc so vi TTL trong IP, thng dng khi nh khai thc mng mun che giu topology mng MPLS. Ch Frame Cc k thut lp 2 nh Ethernet, Token ring, FDDI, PPP khng c trng hp no ph hp trong header ca frame c th mang nhn. V vy, stack nhn s c cha trong header chm (shim header). Shim header c chm vo gia header lp lin kt v header lp mng. nh stack nm lin sau header lp 2 v y stack nm lin trc header lp mng.

Router gi frame phi c cch bo cho Router nhn bit rng frame ny c cha shim header, cch thc ny khc nhau gia cc k thut lp 2. Ethernet s dng cp gi tr ethertype 0x8847 v 0x8848 ch th frame ang mang gi MPLS unicast v multicast tng ng. Ch Cell Ch Cell c dng khi ta c mng gm cc ATM-LSR (l cc chuyn mch ATM c h tr MPLS). trong n s dng cc giao thc phn phi nhn MPLS trao i thng tin VPI/VCI thay cho bo hiu ATM. Nhn c m ha trong trng hp gp VPI/VCI, trong VPI hoc VCI ca header cell ATM.

Cell ATM gm c 5byte header v 48 byte payload. chuyn ti gi tin c kch thc ln hn 48byte t lp trn a xung (v d gi IP), ATM phi chia gi tin thnh nhiu phn nh hn, vic ny gi l phn on (fragmentation). Qu trnh phn on do lp AAL (ATM Adaptation Layer) m trch. C th, AAL5 PDU s c chia thnh nhiu on 48byte, mi 48byte ny c thm header 5byte to ra 1cell ATM.

3.

CU TRC CHC NNG MPLS

3.1.

Kin trc mt nt MPLS (LER v LSR) Mt nt MPLS c 2 mt phng : mt phng chuyn tip MPLS v mt phng iu khin MPLS. Nt MPLS c th thc hin nh tuyn lp 3 hoc chuyn mch lp 2. Kin trc c bn nh sau :

3.2.

Mt phng iu khin Nhim v ca cc giao thc trong mt phng iu khin l phn phi cc thng tin cn thit cho mi LER v LSR cu hnh bng FIB v LFIB. Mt giao thc nh tuyn s dng bng thng tin nh tuyn RIB hoc ng kt hp vi mt giao thc bo hiu MPLS s dng bng thng tin nhn LIB phn phi cc nhn. Vic phn tch mt phng iu khin v mt phng chuyn tip cho php ci t mt giao thc iu khim MPLS trn mt ATM switch. Ti sao MPLS cn giao thc bo hiu, trong khi cc Router IP c in ch cn nh tuyn IP? Mt l do quan trng phi dng giao thc bo hiu MPLS kt hp vi 1 giao thc nh tuyn xut pht t s cn thit phi thc hin nh tuyn rng buc ca ng chuyn mch nhn MPLS. 3.3. Mt phng chuyn tip (mt phng d liu) Mt phng chuyn tip MPLS chu trch nhim chuyn tip d liu ca user. N s dng LFIB thc hin chuyn tip cc gi c gn nhn cn c vo gi tr ca nhn nm trn nh stack nhn.

3.3.1. C s thng tin chuyn tip nhn LFIB

Trong mng IP quyt nh chuyn tip gi c xc nh bng cch thc hin tra cu a ch ch trong bng FIB xc nh hop k v giao din ra. Trong mng MPLS, mi LSR duy tr mt bng LFIB ring r v tch bit vi FIB. Bng LFIB c 2 loi entry l ILM (incoming lable map) v FTN (FEC-to-NHLFE). NHLFE (next hop lable forwarding entry) l subentry cha cc trng a ch hop k, cc tc v stack nhn, giao din ra v thng tin header lp 2. ILM nh x mt nhn n 1 hoc nhiu NHLFE. Cn FTN nh x mi FEC vo mt hoc nhiu NHLFE. Nh cc entry FTN, gi cha c nhn c chuyn thnh gi c nhn. Nh vy mt gi khng nhn thuc FEC i vo min MPLS, ingress-LER s s dng 1 entry LFIB loi FTN chuyn gi khng nhn thnh gi c nhn. Sau ti cc transit-LSR s dng 1entry loi ILM hon i nhn vo bng nhn ra. Cui cng ti egress-LER s dng 1entry LFIB loi ILM g b nhn n v chuyn tip gi khng nhn n Router k tip.

3.3.2. Thut ton chuyn tip nhn Cc nt MPLS s dng gi tr nhn trong cc gi lm ch mc tra bng LFIB. Khi tm thy entry tng ng vi nhn n, nt MPLS thay th nhn trong gi bng nhn ra v gi gi i qua giao din ra n hop k tip c c t trong subentry NHLFE. Nu subentry ch nh hng i ra, nt MPLS s t gi trn

hng i ch nh. Trng hp nt MPLS duy tr mt LFIB ring cho mi giao din, n s dng LFIB ca giao din m gi n tra cu chuyn tip gi.

3.3.3. Hot ng chuyn tip MPLS Thc hin chuyn tip d liu vi MPLS bao gm cc bc sau : + Gn nhn MPLS (trn LSR) + Giao thc phn phi nhn (LDP Label Distribution Protocol hay TDP Tag Distribution Protocol) thc hin gn nhn v trao i nhn gia cc LSR trong min MPLS thit lp c phin lm vic. Vic gn nhn c th gn cc b trn Router hoc trn giao tip ca Router. + Thit lp LDP/TDP gia LSR/ELSR + Mc nh trn Router s dng LDP. Trong mt min MPLS, mt nhn gn vi mt a ch FIB ch c phn phi ti cc lng ging ngc dng sau khi thit lp phin. Vic kt ni gia mng c th vi nhn cc b v mt nhn trm k (nhn t router xui dng) c lu tr trong LFIB v FIB. MPLS dng cc phng thc phn phi nhn sau :

4.

NG DNG X L LUNG D LIU

Trong phn ny em nghin cu v vic ti u mng, iu khin lung d liu s dng nh tuyn rng buc. Nhng u im m MPLS mang li ln hn rt nhiu ln so vi nh tuyn thng thng. nghin cu, th hin c vn ny, em s dng cng c m phng mng NS-2 vi m hnh mng gm 10 Router theo topology sau :

4.1.

Mng m phng IP khng h tr MPLS C 2 lung lu lng c to ra gn vao nt R0 v ch n l R10. Mi lung pht vi tc 0,9Mbps, kch thc gi l 600B. + Thi im 0,5s : lung 1 truyn. + Thi im 2,5s : lung 2 truyn. + Thi im 5s : c 2 lung ngng truyn. Kt qu : + Lung 1 : truyn 843 gi, mt 244 gi, t l mt gi : 28,9% + Lung 1 : truyn 559 gi, mt 240 gi, t l mt gi : 42,9%

Nhn xt : Mng IP s dng nh tuyn chn ng ngn nht, do c 2 lung d liu i cng 1 con ng, bng thng trn con ng ny l khng . Kt qu cho thy c 2 lung u mt gi tin. Trong khi c nhiu con ng bng thng li khng c s dng, y chnh l vn s dng ti nguyn khng hiu qu trong mng IP.

4.2.

M phng nh tuyn rng buc trong MPLS

nh tuyn rng buc nh tuyn rng buc l mt phng tin thc hin x l t ng ha k thut lu lng, iu khin lung d liu, khc phc c cc hn ch nh tuyn theo ch. N xc nh cc Router khng da trn topology mng m s dng cc

metric c th khc nh bng thng, tr, cost, bin ng tr. Gii thut chn ng c kh nng ti u ha theo mt hoc nhiu metric ny, thng thng da trn s lng hop v bng thng. M phng C 3 lung d liu gn vo nt R0 v ch n l R10. Lung lu lng c tc l 0,8Mbps, kch thc gi tin l 600B. + Ln lt thc hin nh tuyn rng buc v thit lp 4 LSP c ID tng ng l 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400 vi yu cu BW=0,8Mbps cho mi ng. + Thi im 0,5s : Lung 1 truyn trn LSP_1100(1-3-5-7-9) + Thi im 1,0s : Lung 2 truyn trn LSP_1200(1-2-4-6-8-9) + Thi im 1,5s : Lung 3 truyn trn LSP_1300(1-3-4-6-5-7-8-9) + Thi im 5,0s : C 3 lung ngng truyn. Kt qu : + Lung 1 : truyn 750 gi, mt 0 gi. + Lung 2 : truyn 666 gi, mt 0 gi. + Lung 3 : truyn 583 gi, mt 0 gi.

Nhn xt : nh tuyn rng buc t ng chn con ng tt nht c bng thng yu cu cho cc CR-LSP, nh vy ng c chn khng nht thit phi l con ng ngn nht. Nu khng bng thng, CR-LSP s khng c thit lp (nh trng hp ca LSP_1400), y chnh l cch ngn nga tc nghn v m bo QoS. iu ny cho thy hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng c nng cao.

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