Professional Documents
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)( :
.
.
:
Neurospora crassa
) (Septum
)(, 40
N.crassa
.
.
.
.
.
""
200 N.crassa
,
3H-acetylglacosamine 3H-glucosc
) (1-3
.
1959-1958
.
F.oxysporum N.crassa Nutrient-rich
agar ) ( 2,3
.
.
-1
.
-2
. %50
.
" "
.
.
.
.
) . (2-3
. Neurospora ,
Aspergillus
.
:
:
-1
-2
-3
-4
.
.
.
) . ( 4-3 3-3 :
Chitin synthase
Chitin synthase catalyses
.
.
.
Lysine %50
Schizophyllum commune
.Microfibrils
.
Wall-lytic enzymes
.
" " 3,1 -
.
,
.
.
Well-developed
cytoskelton
.
.
Wessels1990
.
) .(5-3
,
.
,
.
1990 Saprolegnia ferax
Cytochalasin E
Actin cap
.
Actin cap Actin
Weaker cytoskeleton
). . (2-3
.
) (--- .
). (.
)(How are tips initiated
:
) (
germ pore
.
) .(6-3
) Germ tube (
) ( .
.
Aspergillus niger
. 30
44 48-24 ) -20
25 ( fold-175 2mm
.
30
, :
) .Small sporing head .(6-3
: :
A.niger .
:
-18
24 .
sporing head
.
Microcycle sporulation
.
Sapro trophs :
. Cladosporium- Alternaria.spp
Septoria nodorum
). Fusarium oxysporum
(.
Idriella bolleyi
). (.
.
.
Geotrichum
candidum
7-3
.
.
,
.
G.candidum )
(.
.
Idriella bolleyi
). -3
.(8
.
) (
. I.bolleyi
). (.
I.bolleyi
G.candidum
G.candidum
) .(Allan etal,1992
)20-5
(v/cm . Neurospora crassa
Mucor mucedo Aspergillus
nidulans .
:
Neurospora crassa .
Aspergillus nidulans Mucor mucedo
, Trichoderma
, ) (Lever etal ,1994
PH .
Neurospora crassa PH =4
PH=7
) (
.
:
Saprolegnia Ashlya
. :
180
Casein hydrolysate
. 1985
.
.
SH
.
Yeast cell cycle
,
Cytoskeletal component
,
.
.
10-3 :
(G1(first gap
(S(deoxy-ribonucleicacid(DNA)synthesis
(G2( second gap
(M(mitosis
.
1.5 Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
G1 S,G2 M .
Start G1
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
.
CDC
36 30
) ( mRNA
50
DNA ligase (for splitting DNA). ,Adenylate Cyclase
)("for producing cyclic adenosine monophosphate "amp
. DNA synthesis
CDC CDC2 pombe Schizosaccharomyces
CDC28 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
protein kinase ATP
.
%63 CDC2
.