MICROSCOPE

Function of microscope

CELL
Cells are the basic unit of all living things. All organs are made up of one or more cells.

PLANT CELL

ANIMAL CELL
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus

Experiment : Onion Cell

Experiment : Cheek Cell

1. Place a small drop of Iodine onto a clean slide. 2. Scrape the inside of your cheek with a toothpick and rub it on a dry slide. Add one drop of methylene blue to stain the cells. This will make them easier to see. Place a cover slip on the slide as described above and observe the cells under low power (4x). Draw what you see.Switch to high power (10x).. Label the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm.

CELL UNDER MICROSCOPE

Cells are very small. They are the basic building blocks of all animals and plants. These photographs show cells seen through a microscope. Cheek cells These are cheek cells, seen through a microscope:

Onion cells These are onion cells, seen through a microscope

Functions of cell structure

Cell membrane

This is a thin layer surrounding the cell. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell A jelly like medium. This is where chemical processes take place Control all cell activities

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Vacuole

Stores water and dissolved substances such as sugar and salt. Support the plant when it is full of water Contains green pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs light for photosynthesis to produce food Made up of cellulose. Support and give shape to the cells

Chloroplast

Cell wall

Comparison between animal cell and plant cells

Similarities Both animal and plant cells have cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.

Differences Animal cell Smaller in size Plant cell Large in size

Do not have a fixed shape

Do not have cell wall Do not have chloroplast

Have a fixed shape

Have cell wall Green plant have chloroplast

Unicellular and Multicellular Organism

Tissues Animal cells and plant cells can form tissues, like muscle tissue. A living tissue is made from a group of cells with a similar structure and function, which all work together to do a particular job. Here are some examples of tissues: muscle the lining of the intestine the lining of the lungs phloem (tubes that carry dissolved sugar around a plant) root hair tissue (for plants to take up water and minerals from the soil) Organs An organ is made from a group of different tissues, which all work together to do a particular job. Here are some examples of organs: heart lung stomach brain leaf root Organ systems An organ system is made from a group of different organs, which all work together to do a particular job. Here are some examples of organ systems: circulatory system respiratory system digestive system nervous system reproductive system