SOLUBILITY RULES:

Solids (Precipitates) COMPOUND CONTAINS: Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+ NO3-, C2H3O2(Nitrates and Acetates) Cl-, Br-, I- (halides) SO4-2 (Sulfates) CO3-2, PO4-3 (Carbonates and Phosphates) OH(Hydroxides) S-2 (Sulfides) Gases COMPOUND CONTAINS: CO3-2 (Aqueous or Solid) HCO3(Aqueous or Solid) S-2 (Aqueous or Solid) GENERAL SOLUBILITY: Always Soluble Always Soluble Mostly Soluble Mostly Soluble Mostly Insoluble Mostly Insoluble Mostly Insoluble EXCEPTIONS: None None Pb(II), Ag, Hg(I), Hg(II) Ca, Ba, Sr, Pb(II), Ag, Hg(I) Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+ (see rule #1) Li+, Na+, K+, Ca+2, Li+, Sr+2, Ba+2 Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca+2 EXAMPLES: NaBr, K2SO4, (NH4)2CO3 are soluble Ba(NO3)2, Pb(C2H3O2)2 are soluble CaBr2, FeCl3 are soluble, PbBr2, AgCl are insoluble Li2SO4, ZnSO4 are soluble, CaSO4, PbSO4 are insoluble Na2CO3, K3PO4 are soluble, CaCO3, AlPO4 are insoluble NaOH, Ca(OH)2 are soluble Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2 are insoluble Na2S, CaS are soluble, PbS, MgS are insoluble

PLUS: any acid any acid any acid

PRODUCES: H2O(l) + CO2(g) + a salt (H2CO3 is the intermediate) H2O(l) + CO2(g) + a salt (H2CO3 is the intermediate) H2S(g) + a salt

EXAMPLES: CaCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) H2O(l) + CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) NaHCO3(aq) + HCl(aq) H2O(l) + CO2(g) + NaCl(aq) CaS(aq) + 2 HCl(aq) H2S(g) + CaCl2(aq)