Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MENTAL HEALTH
WHO (World Health Report 2001) : MH= a state of well-being in which the individual: > realises his/her own abilities > can cope with the normal stresses of life > can work productively & fruitfully > able to make contribution to his/her community Mental Disorders <-------------> Mental Wellbeing (preventing-treating) (fostering-promoting) INDIVIDUAL========> COMMUNITY
Premature Death : Suicide, Accident (traffic/domestic), Violence (public/domestic), Drug Abuse, Criminals, etc. DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) Lost : GDB= 11,5 % (rank ke 2 setelah Infectious Dis.) Increase of psychosocial costs (Indirect Costs).
PSYCHIATRY:
THE MEDICAL SPECIALTY CONCERNED WITH THE STUDY, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION OF BEHAVIOR DISORDERS OR MENTAL DISORDERS
PSYCHIATRIST IS :
A PHYSICIAN WHO HAS HAD ADVANCED TRAINING IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS
COMM. PSYCHIATRY
THE BRANCH OF PSYCHIATRY CONCERNED WITH THE PROVISION AND DELIVERY OF A COORDINATED PROGRAM OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE TO A SPECIFIED POPULATION.
COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRIST
COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRIST THEREFORE WILL ACQUIRE INFORMATION FROM THE SOCIAL SCIENCES, PARTICULARLY THE DISCIPLINES OF SOCIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, AND POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCE.
SYNONIM
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY HYGIENE PSYCHIATRY PUBLIC PSYCHIATRY PREVENTIVE PSYCHIATRY
THE TERM COMM. PSYCH., SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY, AND PREVENTIVE PSYCHIATRY ARE OFTEN USED INTERCHANGEABLE
COMM. PSYCHIATRY
THE BRANCH OF PSYCHIATRY CONCERNED WITH THE PROVISION AND DELIVERY OF A COORDINATED PROGRAM OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE TO A SPECIFIED POPULATION.
SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY IS DEFINED AS THE RESEARCH EFFORT TO DISCOVER NEWER METHODS TO DELINEATE AND SUGGEST INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHIATRY
CHANGES ARE SOUGHT IN THE SOCIAL SETTINGS , EITHER IN SMALL OR IN LARGE GROUPS , THAT WOULD SURTAIN MENTAL HEALTH , PREVENT MENTAL DISABILITY OR EXPAND THERAPEUTIC OR SOCIAL REHABILITATIVE INTERVENTION
PSYCHIATRY REVOLUTION
THE FIRST WAS THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT (AFTER THE MIDDLE AGES), WHEN IT WAS DECIDED THAT MENTAL ILLNESS WAS NOT THE RESULT OF WITCHCRAFT. SECOND WAS THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOANALYSIS BY SIGMUND FREUD THE THIRD IS COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY
KEY QUESTIONS
IS COMMUNITY PSCHIATRY A MEDICAL SCIENCE OR A SOCIAL MOVEMENT? DOES IT ADDRESS ITSELF TO THE MENTALLY ILL, OR TO THE WHOLE POPULATION , OR TO THE ENTIRE SOCIAL SYSTEM WITHIN WHICH IT EXISTS? HOW FAR SHOULD MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES BE PROVIDED IN COMMUNITY? WHAT SERVICE COMPONENTS ARE NECESSARY ?
COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY
ENCOMPASSES ALL MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE SYSTEMS IN THE COMMUNITY THE AREA:
ALL ASPECTS OF CARE FROM HOSPITALIZATION CASE MANAGEMENT CRISIS INTERVENTION DAY TREATMENT SUPPORTIVE LIVING ARRANGEMENTS
COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY
USES PUBLIC HEALTH METHODS TO ASSESS THE PSYCHIATRIC NEEDS OF ANY SPECIFIED POPULATION, TO IDENTIFY THE VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO OR OTHERWISE MODIFY PSYCHOSOCIAL DISORDER, AND TO EVALUATE THE AFFECTS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION ON THE IDENTIFIED PATIENT AND SOCIAL UNITS OF WHICH HE IS A PART
SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY IS
DEFINED AS THE RESEARCH EFFORT TO DISCOVER NEWER METHODS TO DELINEATE AND SUGGEST INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHIATRY
CHANGES ARE SOUGHT IN THE SOCIAL SETTINGS , EITHER IN SMALL OR IN LARGE GROUPS , THAT WOULD SURTAIN MENTAL HEALTH , PREVENT MENTAL DISABILITY OR EXPAND THERAPEUTIC OR SOCIAL REHABILITATIVE INTERVENTION
IN 1975
ADDED THE REQUIREMENTS OF SERVICES
FOR CHILDREN OLDER PERSONS PREHOSPITALIZATION SCREENING FOLLOW UP SERVICES FOR THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN HOSPITALIZED TRANSITIONAL HOUSING ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ABUSE SERVICES
IN 1980
THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHIATRY IN CENTER
SERVICES
PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH IS A TOTAL SYSTEM, NOT A SINGLE SERVICE TO BE EFFECTIVE MUST BE INTEGRATED AND BALANCED THE PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH TEAM SHOULD INCLUDE:
PSYCHIATRIST CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS PSYCHIATRIC SOCIAL WORKERS PSYCHIATRIC NURSES ADMINISTRATIVE ELECTRICAL STAFF MEMBERS OCCUPATIONAL AND RECREATIONAL THERAPISTS FOR INPATIENT AND PARTIAL HOSPITALIZATION PROGRAMS
LONG-TERM CARE
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS ENCOURAGE CONTINUITY OF CARE BECAUSE OF CONCERNS ABOUT FRAGMENTATION OF CARE AND THE TENDENCY TO KEEP PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED OR UNNECESSARILY RESTRICTED TO ONE TYPE OF SERVICE.
CONTINUITY OF CARE
CONTINUITY OF CARE ENABLES A SINGLE CLINICIAN TO FOLLOW A PATIENT THROUGH
EMERGENCY SERVICES, HOSPITALIZATION PARTIAL HOSPITALIZATION AS A TRANSITION TO THE COMMUNITY OUTPATIENT TREATMENT AS FOLLOW UP
CONTINUITY OF CARE
CONTINUITY ALSO PROVIDES AN EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND TEAM RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE PATIENT WHEN VARIOUS THERAPISTS, FOR REASONS OF CONVENIENCE OR ECONOMY, TREAT THE PATIENT IN SEVERAL SETTINGS. A FREE EXCHANGE OF CLINICAL INFORMATION BETWEEN CENTERS AND A LIAISON BETWEEN AGENCIES ARE ALSO PART OF THE TOTAL SYSTEM OF CARE
CASE MANAGEMENT
INTENSIVE CASE MANAGERS ARE CLINICIANS WHO CAN PROVIDE CONTINUITY OF CARE BY FOLLOWING PATIENTS THROUGH ALL THE PHASES OF TREATMENT WHILE HELPING PATIENTS NEGOTIATE A SYSTEM THAT IS COMPLEX AND FRAGMENTED. INTENSIVE CASE MANAGERS PROVIDE SUPPORT, ADVOCACY, AND SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
THE COMMUNITY SHOULD PARTICIPATE IN DECISIONS ABOUT ITS MENTAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS AND PROGRAMS, INSTEAD OF HAVING THEM DEFINED SOLELY BY PROFESSIONALS. MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES ARE SENSITIVE TO THE NEEDS OF THOSE SERVED IF THE PUBLIC IS ACTIVELY INVOLVED.
CONSULTATION
CONSULTATION RANGES FROM ATTENTION TO OR EVEN TREATMENT OF THE EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS OF AN INDIVIDUAL PATIENT TO USING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HUMAN BEHAVIOR TO HELP ORGANIZATIONS ACHIEVE THEIR PROFFESIONAL GOALS WITH THE PROGRAM AND THEIR PATIENTS.
CONSULTANT
THE CONSULTANT OFFERS ASSISTANCE TO THE MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONAL WHO WORKS IN AN OUTPATIENT CENTER OR AGENCY. THE CONSULTANT MAY ALSO PROVIDE DIRECT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES, LIAISON WITH CONSUMER AND ADVOCACY GROUPS, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES.
PREVENTION
THE DISABILITIES ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC MENTAL DISORDER ARE MAJOR SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS THEY ARE COSTLY AND CREATE SUFFERING FOR THEIR FAMILY AND SOCIETY THE GOAL OF PREVENTION IS TO DECREASE THE ONSET (INCIDENCE), DURATION (PREVALENCE), AND RESIDUAL DISABILITY OF MENTAL DISORDERS.
PRIMARY PREVENTION
THE GOAL OF PRIMARY PREVENTION IS TO PREVENT THE ONSET OF A DISEASE OR DISORDER AND THEREBY REDUCE ITS INCIDENCE (THE RATIO OF NEW CASES TO THE POPULATION IN A SPECIFIC PERIOD)
SECONDARY PREVENTION
IS DEFINED AS THE EARLY IDENTIFICATION AND PROMPT TREATMENT OF AN ILLNESS OR DISORDER, WITH THE GOAL OF REDUCING THE PREVALENCE (THE PROPORTION OF EXISTING CASES IN THE POPULATION AT RISK AT A SPECIFIED TIME) OF THE CONDITION BY SHORTENING ITS DURATION
TERTIARY PREVENTION
THE GOAL OF TERTIARY PREVENTION IS
TO REDUCE THE PREVALENCE OF RESIDUAL DEFECTS AND DISABILITIES CAUSED BY AN ILLNESS OR A DISORDER
IN THE CASE OF MENTAL DISORDERS, TERTIARY PREVENTION ENABLES THOSE WITH CHRONIC MENTAL ILLNESS TO REACH THE HIGHEST FEASIBLE LEVEL OF FUNCTIONING
PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION
INVOLVES:
A COMPLEX PROCESS IN WHICH THE PROFESSIONAL ATTEMPTS TO ADDRESS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND OFTEN THE MEDICAL NEEDS OF THE PATIENT SIMULTANEOUSLY
MODERN PUBLIC PSYCHIATRY ATTEMPTS TO LIMIT THE LENGTHS OF HOSPITALIZATION NBY RAPID INTERVENTION AND MAINTAIN SOCIAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS EVEN WHEN PATIENTS ARE ACUTELY ILL
REHABILITATION
IS OFTEN ONGOING DYNAMIC PROCESS CARRIED OUT FOR THE PATIENTS LIFETIME BECAUSE OF THE CHRONIC RELAPSING NATURE OF MANY TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESS, ESPECIALLY SCHIZOPHRENIA
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