EBULLIOSCOPIC CONSTANTS FOR CALCULATION OF BOILING POINT ELEVATION

The boiling point Tb of a dilute solution of a non-volatile, non-dissociating solute is elevated relative to that of the pure solvent. If the solution is ideal (i.e., follows Raoults Law), the amount of elevation depends only on the number of particles of solute present. Hence the change in boiling point Tb can be expressed as Tb = Eb m2 where m2 is the molality (moles of solute per kilogram of solvent) and Eb is the Ebullioscopic Constant, a characteristic property of the solvent. The Ebullioscopic Constant may be calculated from the relation Eb = R Tb2 M/vapH where R is the molar gas constant, Tb is the normal boiling point temperature (absolute) of the solvent, M the molar mass of the solvent, and vapH the molar enthalpy (heat) of vaporization of the solvent at its normal boiling point. This table lists Eb values for some common solvents, as calculated from data in the table Enthalpy of Vaporization in Section 6. Compound Acetic acid Acetone Acetonitrile Aniline Anisole Benzaldehyde Benzene 1-Butanol Carbon disulfide Chlorobenzene 1-Chlorobutane Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Decane Dichloromethane Diethyl ether Dimethyl sulfoxide 1,4-Dioxane Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethylene glycol Heptane Eb/K kg mol1 3.22 1.80 1.44 3.82 4.20 4.24 2.64 2.17 2.42 4.36 3.13 2.92 3.5 6.10 2.42 2.20 3.22 3.01 1.23 2.82 2.26 3.62 Compound Hexane Iodomethane Methanol Methyl acetate N-Methylaniline N-Methylformamide Nitrobenzene Nitromethane 1-Octanol Phenol 1-Propanol 2-Propanol Pyridine Pyrrole Pyrrolidine Tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloromethane Toluene Trichloroethylene Trichloromethane Water o-Xylene Eb/K kg mol1 2.90 4.31 0.86 2.21 4.3 2.2 5.2 2.09 5.06 3.54 1.66 1.58 2.83 2.33 2.32 6.18 5.26 3.40 4.52 3.80 0.513 4.25

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