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Biblical Regeneration

By

Billy C Sichone

December 2010

Biblical regeneration

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All quotations, unless specifically stated are from the New International Version (NIV), 1973, 1978, 1984 Copy right. All rights reserved Billy Sichone 2010 Cover picture: George Whitefield preaching in England, around 1739 and beyond.

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Acronyms
TULIP-Total depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited atonement, Irresistible grace, Perseverance of the saints ZNBC Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation

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Acknowledgements

Drafting this work would not have been possible without the dedicated and resolute support from
many people. Thanking each person by name would be an endeavour in futility. However, I would like to thank a few distinct individuals, entities and information sources whose valuable assistance greatly enhanced may work: Dr Johnson Phillip, my supervisor and mentor from the very beginning of my Doctorate studies. Zambian Reformed Baptist Pastors (i.e. Conrad Mbewe, Cholwe Mweetwa, Victor Kanyanse, Kayombo Ndonji, Isaac Makashinyi, Clement Kaunda, Kabwe Kabwe, Dr Grave Singogo, Kennedy Sunkutu, and Captain Richard Ngwisha among others) They have served as my model Pastors over many years. World Vision International (Zambia) for all the moral and material support Dr Lutangu Lubasi Mr Chikondi Phiri Dr Paul Simfukwe Mr Johnson Malipenga Mr Paul Mumba Various internet sites and source materials Last but certainly not least, my dear wife Jane and two great daughters that perseveringly stood by my side as I laboured away at my studies, many times as an absentee husband and father. I thank you all most sincerely.

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Dedication
This work is dedicated to the memory of the champions of the Reformed faith, past and present for having recovered, defined and defended this great doctrine of regeneration as enshrined in the sacred pages of scripture.

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Declaration
I BILLY CHILONGO SICHONE do this day declare that this is the result of my original work as relates to the Doctor of Theology (ThD) degree offered by the Trinity Graduate School (TGS). Signature:......BILLY C SICHONE..................................... Date:.............13./.12../.2010..........................................

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Table of Contents
Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgements................................................................................................................................... 4 Dedication ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Declaration ................................................................................................................................................ 6 Foreword................................................................................................................................................... 9 Preface/abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1................................................................................................................................................. 11 Objective of study ............................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 2................................................................................................................................................. 22 Chapter 3................................................................................................................................................. 38 Chapter 4................................................................................................................................................. 59 Marks of a New Creation ...................................................................................................................... 59 Chapter 5............................................................................................................................................... 109 Historical perspectives .......................................................................................................................... 109 The Eighteenth century......................................................................................................................... 147 The 20th Century.................................................................................................................................... 181 The testimony of the Confessions, creeds, councils and synods ...................................................... 227 Of Free Will, and Thus of Human Powers ......................................................................................... 228 Of Original Sin...................................................................................................................................... 231 The 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith ................................................................................................... 232 The Philadelphia Baptist Confession of Faith........................................................................................ 233 10. Effectual Calling ......................................................................................................................... 233 Chapter 6............................................................................................................................................... 284 Current thinking .................................................................................................................................... 284 Biblical regeneration B Sichone Page 7

Justification by faith .............................................................................................................................. 291 Conversion ............................................................................................................................................ 293 Preaching .............................................................................................................................................. 293 Chapter 7............................................................................................................................................... 348 New Creation doctrine in future ......................................................................................................... 348 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................... 379 Why are you downcast, O my soul? Why so disturbed within me? ...................................................... 389 Genuine Biblical Repentance .................................................................................................................... 407 Lots wife, a monument ........................................................................................................................ 423 The Liberated Christian ......................................................................................................................... 428 Reflections on ones spiritual birthday ................................................................................................. 433 THOUGHTS FROM GENESIS 39:3........................................................................................................... 435 CONVERSION (FAITH AND REPENTANCE) ............................................................................................. 437 MISTAKES ABOUT CONVERSION ........................................................................................................... 439 1. THE NATURE OF CONVERSION ...................................................................................................... 440

Lessons from Apostolic salutations....................................................................................................... 442 A Dream ................................................................................................................................................ 445 Reflection on new years day ................................................................................................................ 448 Book review .......................................................................................................................................... 451 Reflection on ones spiritual birthday ................................................................................................... 452 RESOLUTIONS........................................................................................................................................ 455 Index...................................................................................................................................................... 459

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Foreword
To the writing of many books, there is no end and much study wearies the Body. However, the exercise can be fruitful and immensely rewarding if one pursues a holy cause. This is what we see in this work, an attempt to exhume a long forgotten truth which is neglected in our day. Although much has been said about it in many a circle, the actual pure gem is entirely forgotten, if not discarded.

What Billy Sichone does in this work is to be applauded because this work is a contribution to the definitive definition of the subject in addition to what other sound minds have said both past and present. The doctrine of regeneration is pivotal to the Christian life, which to know is to refine ones view of the world. There are immense benefits that accrue. For one thing, the doctrine clarifies the root and progress of spiritual life. For another, it encourages evangelism as well as fosters patience with the unregenerate, knowing that salvation belongs to God. Just these two benefits make a world of a difference and this Dr Sichone succeeds in achieving. As has been his longing, may a day come soon akin to that which happened during the life and Ministry of George Whitefield in the 1700s!

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Preface/abstract

The study before us is a result of arduous labour and meticulous study of the grand subject of
regeneration. This is a neglected doctrine in our day and often assumed by many preachers though scarcely understood by many saints. What is surprising however is that even preachers and teachers themselves are mistaken on many points, at times displaying alarming ignorance or carelessness. Thus, this study is designed to correct those errors. It is divided into several chapters and sections. The sections are basically three. The first section simply states the doctrine (as well as defines matters) and its related applications across the scriptures. Galatians 6:15 is used as a basis of our discussion. No attempt is made to delve into the details or prove the doctrine in this section. The second section is essentially the literature review of the study. In this section, the researcher traces the doctrine through the Bible up to the present time. This section actually unearths the doctrine and demonstrates that the truth is as much biblical as any other. The section also offers proof texts with some related comments. Interestingly, this section is historical as it is doctrinal and thus, many authorities have been cited to that end. The third and final section achieves two purposes. The first purpose is to interpret findings in a mini survey that took place in Mpika (Zambia) as well as the implications for now and the future. The second purpose is to explore and summarise what other religious and non-religious entities hold and then relate them to what is likely to obtain in future, given the post modern liberal mindset. The work closes off with attachments in the appendix. Most of these attachments are meant to buttress what has been stated in main body of this work. We trust that at the end of this study, you will equally be persuaded that it is high time we cried to God to revive His work among us. Amen.

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Chapter 1
What counts is a new creation: A study on Regeneration and the law of God

Objective of study
The research has two objectives: 1. To understand what a true Christian is and how their spiritual life begins as viewed from Biblical perspective. 2. To clarify on the nature of true Christianity in the light of conflicting views in a relative post modern era. Aim of study The aim of the study is to investigate from the Bible and other sources what constitutes true Christianity. The study also aims at adding a definitive enquiry on regeneration in relation to the law of God. Hypothesis Regeneration is a foundational, pivotal and yet neglected doctrine today worth exhuming Overview/Background The apostle Paul came on the Christian scene some years after Jesus Christ had suffered and died [Acts 9 (converted), 13 onwards (takes centre stage)]. In all probability, Saul (later renamed Paul) must have either been a young Pharisaic scholar or a mere infant when Jesus walked the Earth leading to his eventual death about AD 321. Some actually suggest that he must have been Jesus contemporary though born and raised up in another part of the Roman domain, in Tarsus. As a scholar, well seasoned and fashioned in the traditions of the Fathers of the day, Saul joined the band wagon of the religious zealots of his day to ensure the recently budding Jesus cult was exterminated (Galatians 1:11-17, Acts 7-9). Accordingly, and in line with his passion, he pursued the people of the way in all conceivable places until encountering a dramatic experience (Acts 9). That Damascus road encounter2 would have a lasting impact on his life, world view, priorities, Theology and goals.

1 2

Some put it between AD26-30 Refer to attachment write up on Brighter than the sun

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Several years later, Paul visited different parts of Asia Minor and beyond to preach, strengthen or establish churches. He also visited Galatia where he either planted or strengthened a Church in the process. Due to problems encountered and some other pressing issues, he moved on to some other station only to receive a report that the Galatians church was rocked with some challenges. Thus he writes the book of Galatians (about AD 48 or 49) to deal with some of these bugging problems. The issue at hand bordered around what or who a Christian is. Thus he makes several fundamental/thesis statements in the book and one of them is the phrase what counts is a new creation from Galatians 6. Today, the question still lingers, what or who is a true Christian? What traits or marks characterize such a person? Is it extreme piety or being ascetics? Could it be speaking in tongues? What about being active in a local church? Or indeed, could it be being outspoken for human rights? What exactly is a Christian and when is one truly converted or considered a new creature in Christ? What exactly did Paul mean, include or exclude? How relevant are those powerful words today? This thesis that the researcher has written attempts to explore these questions from a Biblical perspective answering many issues and questions in the process, both past and present. It would appear that circumcision meant so much in the Judaisers mind to the extent that it probably overshadowed salvation by grace. In fact, the Judaisers categorically asserted that if one was not circumcised, they could not possibly be saved (Acts 15:1-20; the Jerusalem council), which generated all sorts of dynamics in the early Christians minds. It would also appear that the Galatians were not spared and thus the apostle comes down heavily on the people confusing the saints. What the said Judaisers actually did is to infiltrate the Christian ranks, spied their liberty and then introduced destructive teachings emanating from Judaism. The apostle therefore reacted and responded with a very strong letter, calling the gullible and naive Galatian saints as foolish. Obviously, they were certainly not mindless like the darkened unbeliever but in this matter, Paul could not see the logic and rationale why they could so easily be swayed, after having begun on the fine rails of free grace. As each successive chapter and verse comes along, Paul, summons about every argument he can lay hold of from Old Testament scriptures and from common logic or sense. The Old Testament silences the Jew while the logic wrestles with the Greek or Gentile mind. Thus when he asserts that Neither circumcision or uncircumcision, he is essentially saying one of two things. The first is that the physical act of circumcising the male sexual organ does not have any effectual power to usher one into heaven. Although it may be good, advantageous, once commanded by God and acceptable, it cannot change the essential nature or destiny of some one. They need to be transformed from the inside. The second probability could be the state of being circumcised in itself does not make one be advantaged over any other. The fact that I stand circumcised in keeping with the law and marking me out to be of the stock of Israel, I am no better than my gentile brother who has never seen any sharp instrument cut off the foreskin of their male sexual organ. Paul here declares that the gentile is as eligible to Heaven as the circumcised Jew. This was a revolutionary statement in its day because
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it was practically unthinkable for the Jew to be told that they were no better than their gentile neighbour before God. The apostle makes this statement (or similar ones) more than once3 to underscore its importance as relates to his strong conviction. We may further say that the Holy Spirit intended this to be so and thus ensured that the apostles assertions be riveted upon the page of scripture and our hearts. The problem is that as humans, we are prone to incline on one side rather than being balanced. Paul therefore aggressively opposed and attacked heresy. Our day is full of professors who do not wish to contend for truth because they feel No one was the monopoly of truth any way. Thus, they remain sinfully silent. But brethren, we must always be mindful that we will have to give an account before the Lord for all these things (James 4: 17). For the Biblical Christian, the clarion call is clear. JC Ryle raised the battle cry over two centuries ago for the saint to be very clear in their theology. He said much more, there is need to contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints. The Christian is therefore called to do at least two things: a. Desire to cultivate a bold, vehement and unflinching desire to serve the Lord in order to contend for the faith once for all entrusted to the saints (Jude 3). Why was St Paul persecuted? (Galatians 6: 12) .Why has he left such an indelible mark, which continues to echo through the corridors of 20 centuries? It is no doubt because of his holy jealousy for Gods pure truth and could not thus afford to sit by his fireside/ heater while truth was ablaze with the highly inflammable fuel of error! Peep through Acts 20: 24; 21: 13; Philippians 1: 21; 3: 12, 13 and note his resolution! That was the secret of His perseverance! Have you a like insight? b. Labour to have a holy jealousy for our spiritual progeny. At times, we may have to be cruel or inflict pain in order to help. A patient may have to take a bitter pill to get better. Let us ensure that error does not get anywhere near the borders of our theological knowledge. John Newton once remarked: My principal method of defeating heresy is by establishing truth. One proposes to fill a bushel with tares, now, if I can fill it first with wheat, I shall defy his attempts4.

This, I believe is a sure and certain bulwark against error and we can safely let our spiritual progeny/ children take holidays on the doctrinal country side where every wind of doctrine blows and yet be certain that all is well. For they are rooted in Christ! (Colossians 2: 7; Ephesians 3: 17 & Ephesians 4:14).

This includes the statement in I Corinthians 7:19 though spoken in a context of marriage though with a bearing on ones standing before God. 4 John Newton, Out of the depths pp 129

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Having thus laboured in the first three chapters, St. Paul proceeds to bring about the doctrinal truths and the implications there of. He does so by using common illustrations of a son or heir to the throne. He proves that we have been adopted as sons and thus are not under the law but under grace (Ephesians 1: 4; Galatians 4: 7). In so doing, he powerfully succeeds in proving that all relying on the law for salvation is like trusting on a rope of sand to pull us out of a ditch. The fifth and sixth chapters seem to be more practical or applications of the doctrinal truths hitherto stated and how that the saint should never shrink back from preaching Christ regardless of the cost. Our focus however, is primarily on the statement that the apostle lays before us in the 15th verse of the sixth chapter. We shall zero in, the Lord willing, on the latter part of the verse. Amidst all the cloudy thought of error that cast a maze of doubt upon the doctrine of salvation by grace, the apostle more or less concludes by asserting that neither circumcision nor uncircumcision avails anything. In this matter of our salvation, nothing outside Christ is necessary or sufficient which can render us acceptable before God. The apostle had the deep doctrines of justification, adoption and the glorification of the saints as powerful weapons for his bold assertions. Reading in Romans 8: 2830, one cannot fail to notice that there, the Golden chain of salvation (predestination to glorification) is unbroken. It is a blessed truth to know that all things have been decreed and none can and dares derail the eternal plans of the almighty. What then did Christ do to render all other means impotent to save us? I answer by stating that Christ, who being in very nature God, (Philippians 2: 6) died on the cross in our stead. This is the central truth of the gospel and none can afford to error at this point. Christ came from Heaven itself (Hebrews 4: 14, 8: 1) veiled in flesh in order to redeem us. None was worthy to open the scroll but Him (Revelation 5: 3). Thus, in the eternal counsels of God, it was given to the Son to come and carry out the great work redemption. Happy will that day ever be to the saint when Christ cried, it is finished (John 19: 30). The work of the atonement had been fully wrought and now our salvation is eternal (Hebrews 5: 9). Thus, the ceremonial law of physical circumcision does not hold for us who are in Christ Jesus. Acts 15 is a testimony to that effect. To show the strength of this glorious truth, the apostle echoes it in chapters 5: 6; 2 Corinthians 5: 17; Ephesians 2: 15 and 1 Corinthians 7: 19. We may therefore conclude that Christ rendered the shadows none effectual by his passive and active obedience. The Christian has abundant reason to rejoice to all eternity. But what is meant by a new creation? The wordsmith thinks that by this is meant those who have been regenerated or born again by the Holy Ghost. This work of creating a new is entirely the work of the Holy Spirit in our sub conscious lives. Whereby he quickens our Spirits from the dead and makes us alive to Spiritual
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realities. In this whole process, man is passive. Prior to this powerful operation, we are dead in our sins (Ephesians 2:1 - 3) and spiritually insensitive. Total depravity is our lot (Romans 1:28). In fact, our souls are hostile to God (Romans 8: 7a) and cannot submit to Gods law (Romans 8:7b), for the things of God are spiritually discerned (1Corinthians 2:14; Romans 8:5ff). Clearly, without the Spirit, we are at enmity with God. This deathly state is best illustrated in Titus 3:3 where the apostle catalogues some of the things that are true of an unregenerate soul. The degree of the manifestations of those attributes may vary from person to person but it is never the less true of all of us that we are totally depraved and hate the divine. It is not until God comes with His almighty power in Christ Jesus by the effectual, efficient irresistible operations of His Spirit that we are ever made conscious of our souls damning disease of sin. Upon regeneration, what a spiritual shock awaits the subject! What a filthy wretch he perceives himself! The inevitable cry will be What must I do to be saved? (Acts 16:30; 2:37) and obviously, there is only one way of escape - The narrow door of repentance and faith in the lord Jesus Christ (Matthew 7:13; Acts 16:30; 2:37). This internal work is best described in Titus 3:47 where the apostle brings about two contrasts of what they previously were as well as their present standing in Christ. In between these two extreme positions, he portrays before us the regenerating work of the Spirit in verse 5. The outward visible effect is that one suddenly has the moral fibre to quit sin like a valiant spiritual soldier (Titus 2:12). We see then, that unless God initiates this work, men can never turn to God in repentance and faith. For why should they do so if they are DEAD spiritually? Behold, they do not see or perceive their sinfulness! They are spiritually colour-blind to sin. No doubt, we have somewhat successfully established that this is the work of God in a soul but what are the sure certain evidences of this work having been wrought? The verses hovering around as well as scattered across scripture come to our aid but let us pick on 2 Corinthians 7: 9. There, the apostle shows some of the things that are true of a novice in the Lord. Their tender consciences are first of all cleansed (Hebrews 4: 12) and sensitized5 to spiritual things. They no longer love sin but are as it were repulsive to all appearance of evil (I Thessalonians 5: 22). The newborn Christian endeavours at all times to keep him/herself pure and undefiled. What labours he undertakes to flee from sin! What grief he expresses when sin slips into his holy heart! What resolution! What determination to do away with the OLD MAN! (Romans 6: 3-6; Colossians 3:5 & Galatians 6) these motions do not only end in the heart or mind but affect the whole spectrum of his life. Suddenly, the things that amused him/her suddenly lose their power and grip! The opposite sex6, novels, films/movies, and liquor that he once cherished are no longer appealing! The world is upside down within record time. What has
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Or activated to respond to spiritual realities In the Spirit of Romans 1 and other passages, this includes the sexual perverts as well.

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happened? Who has done this work? Will it last for a day only? What a dramatic change! Behold, all things are new! The old has gone and this new status does not only last for a few days, months or a few years but for eternity! The subject now craves pure spiritual milk and what thirst he portrays! (1 Peter 2: 2). S/he even surpasses the pants of a deer! (Psalm 42: 1). Admittedly, in every work of God, the devil has a counterfeit7. Some scrap metal (akin to a dethroned opposition political party) will filter through the cracks but the true work of God is so thorough that for a time the OLD MAN seems as though has been given an eternal deathblow and thus paralysed. Indeed those earlier days are full of victory over sin, the world and the devil. The placental blessings of God still protect and shield the sensitive conscience of the soul. Ah! What peaceful hours these are! The sun shines overhead 24hrs! The exhilarating feeling is like that felt by someone who has just had a warm bath and then retires to busk in the sun! The skin pores are all open and fresh. All things are indeed new! What are the grounds for the apostle firm assertion that only a new creation counts? We next proceed next to answer this query by offering a number of reasons why The new birth is the only sure way to eternal life. 1. The atoning work of Christ. This is the chief foundation in relation to the salvation of man. In this work, God the Son came via the incarnation to die a vicarious and substitutionary death on the cross. It must be noted that Christ, who is God ever more, humbled Himself so as to be born as one of his creatures. Having been conceived of the Holy Spirit in the virgins womb, he was born 100% human8 yet undefiled. This is a deep mystery, which we cannot fathom or comprehend with our finite minds. Christ was born under the law (Galatians 4: 4) and had to fulfil both the ceremonial and moral law of God. This, he perfectly satisfied and went further to take the sins of the elect upon himself. Thus on that rugged cross, the Father poured His eternal wrath upon the Son, yea, the equivalent of Hell. Being a just God, the whole eternal intense wrath was unleashed upon the Son. See, the Son of God cry upon the cross My God, My God, why have you forsaken me? (Mark 15: 34). At this moment, the Father looked away from the Son and ensured that justice was matted upon the Son. This, dear reader, demonstrates the righteousness and Holiness of God. It beats logic to know that God forsook God! And yet it was necessary for any of the elect to be justified, Christ the Divine had to die. We emphasise the Divine because no other sacrifice could be pure enough to satisfy the Father except that righteousness which is from God Himself! The blood of bulls and goats could atone only but for a year but this Jesus has satisfied or
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E.g. Hebrews 6:4; I John 2:19; 2 Timothy 4:10 etc

Or completely human

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atoned for us for all eternity! This thought should evoke praise from our cold hearts! Finally, the son climaxed his saving work of redemption by crying it is finished (John 19:30). By this cry, the work of atonement had been completed for Christ had fully satisfied the just demands of the Father. But this work did not end here. He went to the grave and on the third day rose from the grave. The resurrection is as much important to our salvation because had not Christ risen it would have meant his sacrifice was not accepted by the Father. He rose for our Justification (Romans 4:25) 2. The second ground for the assertion is the resurrection of our lord Jesus Christ. St Paul took great pains to point out the necessity and fact of the resurrection in 1 Corinthians 15. It was alleged by some quarters that Christ had not been raised from the dead and thus denying the deity of Christ (Docetism/Arianism). This false report is as old as the day of resurrection itself! In Matthew 28:12 the soldiers spread this false report. In our own age, we have the false religions that zealously endeavour to discredit the resurrection but they will never succeed because Christ indeed has been raised from the dead! (1 Corinthians 15: 20) I have heard of a book called Who rolled the stone away? Initially set out as a vehement atheist to disprove the resurrection but the more he investigated, the more he becomes convinced of the fact of the resurrection. In the end he became a follower of Christ like the blind man in John 9:25, 27! The early Christians knew the actual implications if Christ had not been raised. No wonder it was a source of alarm to the apostle. However much more men labour to discredit the historicity of the resurrection, the truth remains that the tomb in Jerusalem is empty. Their puny efforts are as significant as scratching their names by their finger nails on a Pyramid. Their arguments submerged in the light of overwhelming evidence9. Other men who have claimed to be the Christ have perished and sunk lower than the grave. Their bones are here with us. Not so with Christ! He has been raised Hallelujah! By this resurrection our Justification is sealed by the eternal hand itself, having drunk the dregs of divine eternal wrath (Romans 4:25). My name from the palms of His hand eternity will not erase Mr. Toplady declares in a hymn and who can thence bid us depart? Therefore, the resurrection means that our Justification is unquestionably certain because Christ has fully borne the eternal wrath of God drunk the cup to the full. Then on that third day, he arose! Had he not arisen, we would not have reason to believe that the Father accepted Christs sacrifice. Then we would have been men to be most pitied. To that end we can surely say with the apostle that neither circumcision nor uncircumcision counts... 3. The third ground is Christ eternal intercession for the believers. We are told that after Christ offered up an eternal sacrifice he sat down at the right hand of the Father to intercede for the elect (Hebrews 7:25). This is a mighty rock for our salvation in that this ensures that all our sins past, present and future are all interceded for. Should any sin, we have an advocate before the Father Jesus Christ (1 John 2:1). He who bore our sins in his body on the tree is the one who will in all eternity wear that body to intercede for us (1 Peter 2: 24). What a merciful High Priest is Jesus! That He should not only die for all our sins but that He should further go on to plead our case before the Father! This is a wonder of wonders! I do not for a moment think that the accomplished work on the cross
9

From different sources including archeological findings

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was insufficient in itself but that out of love Christ intercedes for us (John 19: 30; Hebrews 7:25). This seals and solidifies our salvation foundation. There is therefore no need for the children of God to fret or fear that ugly monster of loss of Salvation because Christ has done it all for us. Christs prayer in John 17: 15 cannot fail to be fulfilled. A caution however is handy here, because we live in spiritually dry times. Our eternal security should not make us complacent lazy or licentious because it is impossible! Romans 6 and 1 John 3 dismantles every such evil notion. Rather we should persevere to the end! Through much tribulation must we enter (Acts 14:22). If you find yourself not fighting10, then it may not be well with your soul! Because one of the three the flesh, the world and the devil will certainly be your uninvited guest always11. The proper Christian spontaneously responds in holiness evoked from a grateful heart. The law of God is never burdensome for the saint. 4. The fourth ground is the seed of God in us (1 John 3: 9; Ephesians 2:22). The inward witness of the Spirit (Romans 8:16) is a ground for this assurance. The scripture states that we are the Temples of the God (1 Corinthians 6:16) having been bought with a price (1 Corinthians 6:17). It cost the Son his life to purchase us from the clutches of sin and its ramifications for the Holy Ghost to come and dwell in us. Having died and resurrected, Jesus was taken up in glory (Matthew 28: 19ff; Mark 16:19; Luke 24:51; Acts 1:9) and thereafter, we see the Spirit descending in Acts 2 for the inauguration of the Church. Now the Spirit permanently lives in us from the moment of regeneration (Ephesians 2:12; Titus 3:5-9; Ephesians 5:26). The fact that God has taken abode in our breasts is a sure ground for us to boldly assert that neither circumcision The outward physical activities or actions therefore cannot save us; Christ must do it and seal with His Spirit (Ephesians 1:13; Titus 3:5; John 3:5).12 5. The perfect obedience of Christ of the law. (Hebrews 4:15; John 8:46). The Lord Jesus obeyed both the moral and ceremonial law perfectly to so as to satisfy the just demands of God. Though this point is strictly under the atonement, it is important none the less to point out that had Christ broken any of the commandments or laws He could not have qualified (a perfect saviour) to be our saviour. But God be praised that this Jesus met all the requirements of the law as he went triumphantly to the cross. Christ has thus kept all the commandments and laws in our stead so that when we appear before God in Christ, The Father accepts us as though we ourselves kept them. This does not however free us from the moral law, we must keep it! (Romans 7:12; 3:31). Rather the law is a now a rule of life not a means of salvation, contrary to what some quarters hold or teach. 6. Gods eternal Justification in Heaven (though connected to the resurrection)13. God declares guilty sinners righteous on account of the finished work of Christ on the Cross.
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Or at ease in the battle field Refer to the attached write up on The fight 12 Utmost meticulous care here must be engaged to avoid the impression of suggesting Sabellanism which many unknowingly espouse and teach. God has always been Trinitarian in every age. 13 It is important to mention here that some people especially the Open Theists and liberation theologians reject vicarious forensic Justification as would appear in a Roman court room. They claim that St. Augustine and others have been mistaken on this matter because of a faulty source they adopted the court scenario. These people thus attempt to overthrow the great doctrine of Justification by faith as relates to sin and its consequences. They rather focus on a Hell-less liberty which people have to enjoy here and now. These humanists are very subtle and to some extent logical and need a trained eye to spot their deadly error.

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Jesus Christ obeyed and met the just demands or standards of God when he passively and actively rendered obedience to God. This obedience did two things the first being to turn away the wrath of God from sinners (Expiation) and secondly, satisfied or pacified an offended God (Propitiation). This redemption came through a ransom paid by Jesus sacrifice made salvation actual. More than that, when people are regenerated by the Holy Spirit in application of the redemption through Jesus Christ, God acquits guilty sinners forensically, passing sentence as a Judge rather than as a Monarch. God alone did and does this justifying work in the courts of Heaven. Following Justification, we may add adoption into the family of God where the sinner is not just forgiven of their sin but accepted as Gods child with full rights of son ship. They now belong to the royal family, the holy priest hood and also heirs of God, yea, joint heirs with Christ. Adoption speaks acceptance and peace for the justified sinner. At what point exactly a person is adopted is difficult to tell, whether at regeneration or conversion but the person is instantly flooded with divine peace that transcends all understanding. 7. Gods predestination14: Ere time begun when God alone existed in eternity past, all sufficient and pleased with Himself, He decreed many things, including creation. In His most wise decree, God planned to create man in His own image, the fall and a redeemer to save them in the fullness of time. Thus, He predestined as well as elected people to salvation based on His foreknowledge15, rather than prior knowledge of what they would eventually turn out to be. When the time had fully, come, God sent His dear son, Jesus Christ to redeem His people from a whole mass of fallen humanity16. Application The points raised above should suffice for the grounds for our assertion with Paul that only a new creation counts. Having thus laboured than, it only remains for us to wrap up our short introduction by lessons and uses. We give them in point form before transitioning: 1) We have seen that in Christ, when and only if we are in Him, nothing counts for our salvation. Men will bring about many arguments including other saviours or their own righteousness but let it be settled in our minds that it is Christ the centre of our religion (Acts 4:12). One Puritan17 once declared that it is no Heaven if Christ were absent. Should Christ dive into Hell, he would willingly follow because Christ is all in all. Further, only they that have believed upon the Christ have been regenerated have any moral ground of ever claiming hold of Christ. In short, outside Christ is doom and everlasting torment (Revelation 22:15), with no admittance to the Celestial
14

Some have problems with any concept or suggestion of Predestination because of the possible fatalistic implications which may arise. They thus reject it altogether. Scripture must be standard and judge rather than human preferences or ideas.

15

I.e. Love not necessarily based on what the object of love would do at a future time based on their free will. Gods Predestination is free and sovereign irrespective of what men would do for in the day of His power, he makes them willing to embrace Christ. 16 This is an Infralapsarian position of sorts, though some well meaning Calvinists hold double Predestination or a Supralapsarian position. 17 Thomas Watson

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city (Revelation 21:27). We turn then to you o reader to ask this one question: Are you in Christ? Do you remember a turning point in your life whereby you realized your sinfulness, wickedness and filthiness before God? Having realized your sin, did you flee to Christ only for salvation? (Acts 4:12). Only they that are in Christ can boldly assert that nothing else except Christ matters because they have appropriated His eternal salvation and the benefits thereof. For we are seated with Christ in the Heavenly realms (Ephesians 2:6): 1. 2. 3. 4. We are reigning with Him (Ephesians 2:6) We are joint heirs of God with Christ (Galatians 4:7) We have the full rights of son ship having been adopted. (Ephesians 1:5) We have the witness of the Spirit that we are the sons of God. (Romans 8:16)

If this be true of the saints, who dares bring any charge on Gods elect? (Romans 8:33) No wonder the apostle comes to conclusion that nothing outside Christ availeth anything. The above truths should melt the saints hearts with praise and yet terrify the sinner into introspection to see whether they are in the Faith (2 Corinthians13:5). Those few applicatory points should suffice for now. We trust this overview has been handy as we prepare to delve into the next chapter that opens the door to our somewhat detailed consideration of our subject at hand.

Bibliography
Boer, A short History of the Early Church, Eerdmans Publishing Company1975 Bonsall Brash H, The Person of Christ (volumes 1-4), Christian literature crusade, 1972 Brown David, Christs second coming: Will it be Premillenial? Baker book house, 1983 Doddridge Philip, The rise & progress of religion in the soul, Baker book house, 1977 edition Ferguson Sinclair & Wright F David (editors), A new Dictionary of Theology, Intervarsity Press, 1988 Morey Robert, The Saving work of Christ: Studies in the atonement, Grace abounding Ministries Inc, 1980 Murray John, Redemption: Accomplished and applied, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1955 Newton John, Out of the Depth, Keats Publishing, Inc, 1981 edition
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Pink, A W, The Doctrine of Human Depravity, Chapel Library Price Charles, Paul: Moulded by his message, Kingsway publications, 1988 The Baptist Confession of faith, Precision print, 1990 Thomson Andrew, Thomas Boston: His life & times, Christian focus, 2004 Thornbury J F, God sent Revival, Evangelical Press, 1977 Venning Ralph, The sinfulness of sin, The Banner of Truth Trust Watson Thomas, A Body of Divinity, The Banner of truth Trust, 1958 edition Winslow Octavius, No condemnation in Christ Jesus, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1991 edition Winslow Octavius, Personal declension & revival of religion in the soul, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1960 edition

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Chapter 2
New creation, what is it?

In this chapter, we focus our attention in more detail as to what the apostle really means by the
phrase New Creation. In a day where varying views and opinions abound about what exactly happens when someone becomes as Christian, there is need for clarity on this matter. Further still, we need to have an intelligent as well as Biblical appreciation of who a true Christian really is. A right and accurate understanding of what is meant by the Bible as well as the authorial intent of the writer will sort out a lot of present misunderstandings. While some claim that nothing essentially happens when a person becomes a new creation, others say at best, the change is gradual or a process-nothing is radical or instant. On the other end of the spectrum, evangelicals emphatically assert that there is a radical total transformation of the person rather than a mere reformation as claimed by the second position. The Psychologist takes a position that the environment, background orientation and what is fed to the mind eventually has an impact on peoples world views. What do the scriptures say on this matter? It is our honoured duty to trace out what the scriptures say. In scripture, words are used economically with the intent to communicate divine truth to the human mind. Thus to understand the words used in the scripture it is fitting to explore the context and the words used. Context The apostle Paul visited Galatia early in his ministry and in all probability established the church. It would appear that when he arrived at Galatia, he not only preached the gospel but also suffered from some health defect of sorts. It would appear this problem deeply troubled him to the extent the Galatians came to his aid. Whether they were saved or not at that point is difficult to say. One thing is however sure, Paul preached the gospel and they got converted. It is probably after their salvation, and out of Christian love that they came to Pauls aid to ensure he was well and continued to work. At that time, the church demonstrated undivided loyalty devotion and affection towards him and thus Paul laboured among them for some time until he left. It appears after he left the church, some confusion arose among the believers from people who begun to teach that it was not enough to believe in Christ but they had to hold circumcision as essential to salvation. This kind of teaching emanated from the Judiazers who were either from within or outside the church. This battle raged on for some time and eventually took its toll on the church. When Paul got wind of this controversy, he was naturally disturbed and thus wrote the church in

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letter form18. His displeasure is primarily directed at the people teaching a different gospel which is no gospel at all. He directly attacks them and uses all sorts of words that clearly demonstrate that Paul was extremely disturbed. Secondarily, his displeasure is directed at the naive and gullible Galatians who he calls Foolish (Galatians 3: 1). But why was he so stern using such strong language? If we appreciate his theology and logic, we soon appreciate his contention. We give a brief reason for this: Firstly, Paul had poured out his heart to these people and was excited at their salvation. They were very close to his heart like his own biological children hence his care. This evident shift crushed his heart to the extent that he violently19 reacted. Paul displays similar care for the Thessalonian saints. Secondly, he was conscious of the implications and consequences of their damnable teaching. This teaching, although seemingly pious actually negated the saving work of Christ. By accepting circumcision and other added things, they were making a statement that Christs atonement was not sufficient to save anyone. Thirdly, he knew the ultimate destiny of those that believed a wrong doctrine on this matter of salvation. Making a mistake on this point has disastrous consequences. Wrong doctrine spelt doom. We come now to define and appreciate the words used so that we are on the same page. The apostle uses the words New Creation several times in his writings. In this book (i.e. Galatians ) alone, he uses it at least twice. What exactly does he mean and imply by this choice of words? New Creation The phrase New Creation is styled differently in scripture. Although different words are used, it is evident that the scriptures are describing one and the same phenomenon as relates to the vivifying work of the Spirit when the invincible Spirit of God works in the soul of a person and thus infuses/imparts life, yea, life eternal. When a person is transformed, liberated and set free from the power of sin, the scriptures style it the following various words and yet they mean the same experience: a. New birth or being Born Again20

Galatians is believed to have been one of Pauls earliest Epistles alongside James and 1 & 2 Thessalonians. It is believed to have been written around AD 48 shortly after that. 19 Or aggressively 20 John 3:5-8; I Peter 1:3

18

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The Bible talks about being Born Again in John 3 when Nicodemus, a learned Pharisee paid a courtesy call at a strange hour probably to compare notes as well as learn some new things. It would appear that Nicodemus must have been startled by Jesus ministry and sought to find out exactly what Jesus meant by when he asserted many things that ran contrary to what the Pharisees held and taught. Most probably, he must have heard about Jesus Sermon on the Mount and how his description of things was so radically different from their traditional interpretation of scripture. This devout Israels teacher must have marvelled at how Jesus asserted that he had not come to abolish any part of the law but rather to establish it. What probably made him sit on edge was his interpretation of the law, very unique, bold and different from the standard Pharisaic teaching. Jesus spoke with authority and knew exactly what he spoke about. This trait probably attracted this established teacher of the law. Nicodemus approaches Jesus with some level of etiquette and diplomacy acknowledging Jesus status and potency calling Jesus teacher evidenced in the way he addresses him-Rabbi, he says. This is no doubt a respectable way of addressing an authority in his day. Jesus immediately points Nicodemus to his greatest need that of being born again and explains what he means. In effect, Jesus states to Nicodemus that he needs to be reborn into another family, this time, a spiritual one. This new birth implies a spiritual transformation unlike a physical rebirth, which seems to have confused Nicodemus. It is however likely that Nicodemus eventually received and understood Jesus preaching and probably became converted as evidenced by some of his actions and sentiments later on in the book. Being Born Again therefore is biblical and carries the connotation of starting life afresh, with new desires, plans, allegiance and aims in life. It is a changing of allegiance and family from natural to spiritual family. b. New creation or creature21 When a person becomes a Christian, a lot of parameters change about them. There is a radical paradigm shift as a complete overhaul is done by the Spirit of God. The heart of stone is replaced by a heart of flesh. The unclean spirit is equally replaced as the person is recreated anew. The word used Creation has to do with the sovereign creative act of God in bringing forth life (akin to creation ex nihilo though of a spiritual sort), a re-creative act of God of sorts. As far as the Apostles were concerned, this was a miraculous work of God where he breathes life into a dead body akin to what was done at the first creation as recorded in the book of Genesis. By implication, a new creation implies a total change of heart, yea, a total
21

2 Corinthians 5:17

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instantaneous inward transformation of the person as they start on a clean slate. Though this new creation is not as complete as the first creation22, the person none the less becomes alive and for the first time able to tell their left from the right as well as have the ability to say No! to sin and yes to righteousness. The apostle styles this a new creation and proceeds to explain what he means. He states that the old has gone and the new has come. This statement, among many things implies that a new creation has first of all debugged their past life, done away with it and repented from it but secondly, they have started a fresh on a totally new page. The old no longer has its hold over them nor can it potently influence their future decisions and actions. Thus, when a person has been recreated, we expect to observe radical changes in their life, conduct and priorities in keeping with this great change effected by the finger of God. By this change, we must understand that a person will physically remain the same but what is transformed in the inner man or to use modern parlance, the software is reworked, debugging a lot of sin inclining propensities. With the heart changed, they can then direct and control their bodies to the glory of God. c. New heart23 A new heart as used in scripture probably denotes not only the emotions but the mind as well. Thus when the scripture in this context talks about a new heart it presupposes that an old Adamic heart exists that is supplanted by a brand new heart from God. This is a delicate surgery which only God can perform and thus washes out the old filthy, wicked heart replacing it with a completely new transformed heart that inclines towards God. The immediate context talks about God making some changes to the children of but in the same breathe describes the secret inscrutable operations of the Spirit in a person as the heart is transformed thus removing all hostility the previous against God that immediately ceases. d. Born of God24 The aged apostle John had to contend with a lot of issues even to the last of his days. One of the major heresies that bugged the church in those early days was Gnosticism with its attendant off shoots like Docetism. Thus, he writes in his characteristic unique style by drilling deep into the anatomy of the gospel as well as the new life in Christ. The Apostle uses the words Born of God to describe the new creation as
22

I.e. the final completion of our salvation will occur at the end of the world even when creation will be delivered from its present bondage. It is worth noting however that the work of Chris is complete to get souls into glory. Read Romans 8 to gain an insight into this idea. 23 Ezekiel 36:24-27 24 I John 5:1

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it is in Jesus. In this book (I John), he highlights at least six tests that identify the person born from above. He places his finger on one believing that Jesus was both human and divine as being truly converted. He further points out that anyone born of God does not continue to habitually sin or live in perpetual filth brought about by a sinful life. The saint is then distinct and can be identified apart from the rest. e. Circumcision of the heart25

The Bible talks about the rite of circumcision right from the book of Genesis when Abraham was instructed to be circumcised. From that time onwards, all the Hebrew children have had to be circumcised probably to be differentiated from other heathen nations around. Circumcision in its essential nature involves the cutting off the foreskin on the male sexual organ for various reasons but in the Hebrew case, the physical act had to be done on the 8th day after birth failure to which, they were not considered part of Israel. What was the significance of physical circumcision, one may ask? What does it signify? Various answers have been advanced as to its significance but one stands out, an act which demonstrates a covenant with God. It also showed that a circumcised person belonged to the God of Israel and if any was not, they were considered unclean and outcasts in the Hebrew camp. This went on for many generations even to the time of Jesus and has probably continued among the Judaizers today. However, it appears that at some point after the church was inaugurated, circumcision fell away alongside other ceremonial laws. These were replaced by the reality itself- Jesus Christ. The reality is that in the new covenant, the old way of physically circumcisizing becomes a shadow of what has now become the reality in Christ. One school of thought suggests that this has been replaced by water baptism while another holds that this is no longer a physical act but a spiritual, hence the apostle styling it circumcision of the heart in Romans 2:29. This same idea shows up in Galatians where the apostle was combating the Galatian error. In Acts 15, a similar problem was probably simmering in the back ground but the apostles take a ground breaking decision position. In that case, their position was bound in Heaven and loosed the gentiles on the earth. Pursuing the same path, we can say that when a person is regenerated, the heart is circumcised and thus they become the children of God. The Spirit of God dwells in them as a seal or mark showing that we belong to God and we are His. We can further assert that a person with a circumcised heart is a regenerate person. That does not in any way render physical circumcision evil or useless but what it does mean is that the rite itself does not have the religious significance and connotation that it once had in the presence of the reality. This writer
25

Romans 2:29

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was once confronted with the circumcision-baptism question years ago at the University but could not adequately explain issues at the time. Suffice it to say that physical circumcision cannot transform inwardly and therefore will not entitle a person a place in Heaven, they must be born from above. f. Regeneration or rebirth26 Regeneration, which is the head of this treatise, has to do with the giving of life to a once dead being. In this case, we refer to a person receiving life which is communicated to them by the agency and power of the Holy Spirit. Regeneration presupposes a prior death which happened in Adam at the fall but when the Spirit of God breathes life, the person comes alive once again. For the first time, they see that they were lost, blind, dead, corrupted and wicked but when they embrace Christ, they are suddenly cleansed from all their past filthy ways. The Bible is replete with pictures that point to giving life as well as cleansing from past sins. In Titus 3, the apostle gives a clear description of what regeneration is. The apostle highlights what people are like in their pre regenerate state but when the kindness and mercy of God appears, they radically turn and become alive to spiritual realities. This is a radical change that takes place away from the human eye. All we see are the effects thereof. In a nutshell, we could state that regeneration is the bringing to life or a vivifying akin to a plant or flowers in their due season. g. Quickening or quickened27 The Bible uses the word quicken to denote the same idea that we see in the previous point except that here, the emphasis is to the giving of life as rousing someone from a deep sleep. When you have been soundly asleep and someone shakes you, they in a sense disturb your sleep but since you are alive, you wake up from the unconscious to the conscious state. The Bible writers talk about the new birth as a quickening or cranking to life by an external power who in this case is God the Holy Spirit. Before we get regenerated, we are dead, dead, dead! Nothing spiritual can move or interest us. In fact, all the spiritual realities are dead boring and we wonder what beauty Christians find in religious things. We would rather be doing something else such as jiving, drinking or entertaining ourselves with sport. Church attendance, fellowship, Bible reading and a host of other things that warm the heart of the saint are a drag to us if not offensive. But when we become quickened, suddenly everything becomes new. Our attitude, perceptions, tastes, preferences, desires and world view radically
26 27

Titus 3:4-6 KJV, Ephesians 2:1

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changes. We see things in a completely new light and dimension! What radical change occurs! Charles Wesley has captured this idea very well when he aptly states in the classic hymn And can it be. In one stanza, he alludes to a quickening ray which obviously refers to the power and operation of the Holy Spirit on a dead soul. He further captures the idea of having been dead, clutched to sin prior to conversion as Long my imprisoned spirit lay, fast bound in sin and natures night. This is one of the most beautiful descriptions of someone who is still in a state of spiritual death. Thank God, He quickens us and makes us brand new in Christ. h. New man28 Strictly speaking, the new man has an allusion to a person after regeneration as distinct from the old man in Adam. This new man is a transformed person with new tastes, attitudes and desires which characterise a person that no longer is subject to sin and its tyrannical rule or dominion. Though the flesh is still active and potent to some extent, the new man has started a clean slate, yea, a new page where they follow the Lord fully and resolutely. The new man has been implanted with a new principle of life that loves and serves the Lord while wrestling with the elements of the old man such as slander, gossip, hedonism, sexual immorality as well as a whole host of other sin directing tendencies that marked their old nature in Adam. We can thus say that a Christian is a new man in that there has been a radical break with sin and a new transformed life has begun. Behold the old has gone and the new has come! The new man or being is being revitalised and energised to love and serve God unlike before regeneration. This permanent transformation ensures that the new man is cleaned from prior pollution and corruption of sin and now able to withstand pressure of sin alluring temptation. i. Born anew Being born anew is another way of saying being Born Again. However, this phrase emphasises the newness of what becomes from what previously was. Before regeneration, the old nature with its cohorts reign supreme and get startled when there is an encounter with Gods moral law. For the first time, the old man realises that it is not fit to please God and tries all sorts of tricks to try and avoid this reality but the law effectively does its work. Being spiritual and holy in nature (i.e. the law), the heart is pricked and descends into conviction. What results at the end of this encounter is a sound thorough turning of the heart from sin to God. Thus, the Bible styles this being born anew into a new spiritual family with completely new
28

Ephesians 4: 17 ff; Romans 6:6

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spiritual realities. How comforted the heart feels when it closes in with Christ! How so liberated it is at last! The soul can now leap for joy because it knows that God has indeed transformed it to meet His standards as highlighted in the law. Gods law is thus no longer burdensome but a joy to obey. j. Born of the Spirit Born of the Spirit is far much easier to explain because it means just that, a person that has been brought into a living relationship with Christ by the agency and action of the Holy Spirit. When a person is regenerated, the Spirit is the one that works upon them, renewing their hearts, activates their wills and enlightens their minds so that they begin to perceive eternal realities for the first time as God would have them see. Prior to the secret operations of the Spirit, there is total darkness and death in the soul. It cannot change itself and neither does it see the necessity of this change. All the heart and soul is accustomed to is that horrible condition in which it is trapped until a light is flashed upon it then it awakens and begins to crave pure spiritual milk, the milk of the word. Without the Holy Spirit initiating this work, we are impotent do anything to change our state. We must lie there and eventually languish in Hell. The good thing however is that the third person of the Trinity comes and does this work, which work cannot fail. k. A resurrection29 In Revelation 20 and John 5:25-29, the Bible alludes to an apparent multiplicity of resurrections. A resurrection presupposes a death which is followed by a rising from the dead. Some argue that there are many resurrections before the end of history is finally wrapped up while others hold on to only one resurrection of the dead (for both the righteous and wicked)30. If the latter be the case, then the John 5 passage most likely refers to a spiritual rather than a physical resurrection31. If this view is correct, then it would be consistent with the doctrine of total depravity which is only sorted out when a person is brought to life when the Holy Spirit breathes life on the dead soul. In Titus 3 and Ephesians 2, we read of what a person is prior to conversion (dead in sin) but this picture drastically changes when a person becomes born again, thus being spiritually resurrected from the dead. In the first Adam, all died but in the second Adam, all are made alive when they are regenerated by the Holy Spirit. This regeneration is a resurrection awaiting the final, total and full resurrection of the dead when Christ returns at the end of world history. The final resurrection will be so
29 30

May at times be referred to as having passed from death to life etc Acts 24:15 is another verse to buttress this assertion 31 Though some would strongly insist that this is passage refers to a physical resurrection.

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thorough and final in that everything shall be changed, including all of creation. This first resurrection therefore means that a person is made new in Christ and everything in the inner man is radically transformed forever. l. Inner man32 The Bible sometimes refers to the renewed person as the new man or the inner man or being. Of course the apostle wants to highlight one aspect of the Christian faith in relation to sin and spiritual growth. By that token, we know that when a person becomes a Christian they stare afresh like little frail children that need growing in the faith. Another aspect worth mentioning that when a person is regenerated, a lifelong struggle ensues with the world Flesh and devil. One of the things a person realises is the law and its spirituality as highlighted in Romans 7. Another passage highlights some aspects of the inner man is in Galatians 5:16ff where Paul talks about the inward tension of one individual. Paul nowhere teaches two spate distinct individuals in one but a transformed disposition still trapped in the body of sin. As can be seen each of these words or phrases emphasizes the existence of a principle of life in a person that was once lifeless, helpless, lost, blind, dead and without God. The person is spiritually dead prior to this mysterious work of the Spirit and thus made alive when the mysterious operations of the Spirit work upon a soul. As demonstrated in John 3, Jesus explains to Nicodemus that the working of the Spirit is so secret and past tracing out because it is the finger of God that works in the lifeless soul of a person. In that nocturnal discourse, Jesus makes it abundantly clear that God accomplishes this work independently of the person. In other words, man is passive in regeneration as it happens in the subconscious life of a person. The book of Hebrews calls it dividing between the soul and marrow meaning the sensitive conscience of a person is worked on by the Spirit akin to what a skilled surgeon does on a septic festering wound. It is probably appropriate to reassert here that in regeneration, man is passive while in conversion, man cooperates with God and is active. Why we say this is because the new birth happens inside a persons heart without his or her knowledge or action (contribution) and only becomes aware of this deep conviction which inevitably leads to reactions in the conscious life. The things that then take place in the conscious life are what are termed conversion. Conversion entails a person being conscious of their sin, feeling guilty, filthy, unworthy before God leading to repentance and faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. The person consciously does the repenting and calling upon Christ. They do these acts of their own free volition in their conscious lives and thus rightly claim that they did the choosing of Christ. Others call it receiving Christ, believing in the saviour among many other coined phrases.

32

Ephesians 3:1ff

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Link between Justification and Regeneration33 Justification by faith was the watch word of the Reformation that led to the separation of the Protestants from the Roman Catholic Church. While the Roman Catholic Church taught that indulgencies and good works could earn some one salvation, the Reformers violently objected and contended that a person is justified by faith apart from the law or works. This doctrine is so pivotal to the Christian faith that were it to be removed or watered down (as has been the attempt by some in recent years), our theology and hope would instantly all crumble to pieces. Justification is a legal act of God whereby He (God) declares guilty sinners righteous on the basis and merits of the finished work of Christ. Jesus Christ exchanged His righteousness for our filthy soiled garments on the Cross and thus imputed His righteousness to us34. Thus, God accounts us free to go scot free because our debt has been paid by another outside ourselves. However the question that arises and begs answering in relation to regeneration is how these two are related. They certainly are related in every way. We cannot talk about justification without talking about or alluding to regeneration and vice versa. These are like hand in glove, so intimately connected. They are also related because God alone does both. In the one, God declares a sinner free and in the other, he gives them life. Justification happens in the courts of Heaven where God acts as judge rather than as a monarch while regeneration is done in the subconscious life of a person where God imparts spiritual life. Technically, both take place at the same time (if time we may call it) though for our understanding and discourse, one precedes the other. Which one comes first? Theologians are divided on this matter as they wrestle on the ordo salutis. Some think and hold that Justification precedes Regeneration because Gods justification firstly is from eternity and secondly only a person who is thus justified can rightly be regenerated. Calvin and Hodge held this position. A second school holds that Regeneration comes first then Justification leading to conversion in the conscious life. The third school holds that a person is regenerated, then converted and finally justified. Yet a fourth school holds that a person first exercises faith and then God proceeds to either regenerate, justify and sanctify them in that or rearranged order. This is the mediate salvation school of thought where a man dictates whether they want to be saved or not having exercised their free will. Whichever school of thought one holds or subscribes to, there should be justification and regeneration somewhere bearing in mind that we split hairs for the sake of understanding. That said, this author holds the second view where a person is regenerated first then justified, adopted and converted last. The
33

Although this link may be clear many biblical thinkers, the order in which they occur is somewhat controversial. Theologians are not agreed on the ordo salutis and give their respective reasons. For instance, Calvin decidedly placed Justification before Regeneration and so did Charles Hodge. Later Calvinists however (including this author) have tended to place Regeneration before Justification, not in terms of importance per se but for our orderly logical discussion as we see it. A helpful site worth consulting is given at length: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=69157, accessed on 26/08/2010 34 Some, especially Catholic theologians and some recent liberal theologians object to the imputation of righteousness in preference for works or claiming that righteousness of God refers to Gods gracious acts in fulfilling his covenant promise to Israel! But this imputation idea is abundantly clear in the scriptures!!!

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reason for this position is that regeneration and justification are solely accomplished by the finger of God. Only a regenerate person could ever call upon God and justification is a legal forensic act rather than a feeling or emotion. Therefore, we can safely say and assert that regeneration precedes justification. The arguments thus far adduced should demonstrate the close relationship between justification and regeneration. We shall not delve into matters that relate to adoption, as to when it actually takes place. That is subject for another treatise. For now we encourage you to survey the works of Dr Tim Trumper who has done a detailed work on the great subject of adoption. Distinction between Regeneration and Conversion To further clarify the difference between regeneration and the conversion, we give a few words before summarizing in a table. When we talk about regeneration and conversion, we are really talking about two distinct issues though intimately inseparably connected. In other words, we cannot talk about regeneration without talking about a conversion because one precedes the other. For purposes of our discussion here, we hold that regeneration precedes conversion (although others hold a contra position). What actually happens when a person is becoming a Christian is that the word is preached (or read), which brings about conviction of sin by the secret operations of the Spirit. This conviction in most cases is extremely intense although others do not recall such a feeling of deep conviction or remorse for sin. Whichever way, there is some recognition of ones sinfulness which inevitably leads to some regret and turning away from the old life of sin. In turning away from this old life, a person pledges to start a brand new life though acknowledges that they cannot do this without external help. This help comes in Jesus Christ our saviour. The person confesses their sin and calls upon Christ not only to cleanse them but deliver them from sin (and its consequences) into a new and living way. Being faithful, Jesus forgives all their sins and accepts them into the Kingdom of God. They are instantly liberated and translated into the Kingdom of God. When a person has genuinely and seriously confessed their sin to God, relief comes and an inexplicable peace floods their entire being leading to rejoicing, akin to what the crippled man at the gate beautiful (Acts 3:1-10) felt. There is exuberant ecstatic joy because for the first time, they feel completely forgiven of ALL their sins: past and present, private or public. Behold, all things are new! An attached testimony attempts to explain what a regenerate soul experiences when becoming a child of God. Having been transformed, the new babe in Christ soon begins to crave new spiritual milk to feed the soul (I Peter 2:2). The hungry soul looks around for what may satisfy its longings. The old things that once charmed the heart suddenly and surprisingly lose their appeal! The films, music, filthy language, evil company, idle immoral talk, laziness and a whole host of vices that once had power and influence over their souls have no grip over them! The person is amazed at the radical
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inward changes and liberty they have over sin. But that is not all, their appetites shift to something else. At one time, they despised the Bible, church and Gods children but now all things become new! They now love godly company, spiritual talk and availing themselves to the means of grace (i.e. Bible reading, prayer and fellowship etc). The Christians now take a special place in their lives. Previously, the saints were like strangers we meet at the market or on the streets, with practically no bearing on their lives but now they soon become intimate family! The Bible takes a totally new dimension, appearing to be a love letter from God. In short, all things are new! Life becomes a total surrender to Gods will, no longer primarily for the self. Holiness and consecration marks their lives and world view. Back to our initial point of discussion: In describing what happens when a person becomes a Christian, we argue that a person becomes regenerated at the point when they begin the feel the pangs of conviction of sin. In other words, when a person begins to realise their sinfulness, they will already have been regenerated by the Spirit of God. Remember, we stated earlier on that regeneration is in the subconscious life and manifests outwardly later. Thus, the feeling of conviction of sin is only possible because something has transpired in someones heart. Someone has aptly given this illustration to demonstrate regeneration: Imagine for a moment that a person is locked in a pitch dark room where s/he cannot see anything, not even their nose... The place is quiet and warm when a light suddenly is flashed on the wall. At that moment, the person sees the horrible nauseating graffiti on the wall and begins to vomit. At that point, the person begins to feel the discomfort and wants to leave the room at all costs. The light flashed on the wall triggered those feelings. Alternatively, imagine for a moment that the same person is in the same pitch dark room unaware of anything else in that safe room. Once a light is flashed in a corner, s/he suddenly spots the black mamba (highly venomous snake found in the jungle) coiled in a corner, the natural instinct is to flee for safety. That light, once again is likened to the work of the Spirit in regeneration. The fleeing bit in the conscious life is what happens in conversion. This conviction (in regeneration) is usually quite deep and acute in some cases, sometimes going on for several years (as in the case of Joseph Hart35) while in others just a relatively short period of time. Others do not even recall such a crisis36. In the event of a very deep and intense conviction, the subject inevitably seeks relief so that they may appropriate the much needed peace once again. In seeking this peace, they realise their vulnerability, frailty, wickedness, filthiness and that only external help can rescue them. The ensuing part then is what happens in conversion as the emotions are affected. The person realises their sin, cries out to the Saviour and is saved from sin as well as its consequences. Thus, we can see that conversion is composed of two parts, repentance and faith. Repentance by simple definition has to do with a radical change of mind and heart about something. In this case, we are talking about a change of heart and mind about
35

1712-1768, he suffered under tremendous burden of conviction for nearly 6 years before coming into the glorious liberty of the Lord Jesus Christ. 36 The late Dr Martyn Lloyd-Jones was one such case in point

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sin. The person realises their plight, feels the pangs of sin, guilty, remorse37, hatred for sin and turn away from it. That is the first part. The second part has to do with having realised that they are helpless sinners, they look around and cry out to the saviour, Jesus Christ for help. This is done by confession of ones sins (past and present), as well as placing ones faith in Jesus as the only Saviour of their souls. The sinner definitely will not rest until they close in with Christ. Thus, we have briefly distinguished conversion and regeneration. To wrap up this section, we give a table that highlights the differences: REGENERATION Occurs in the subconscious life Man is passive (i.e. God alone does this work) CONVERSION Occurs in the conscious life Man is active (i.e. does the repenting, confessing and calling upon the Lord for salvation) Cooperation between man and Spirit (Synergistic) Is visible and traceable, at least when it takes place and the attendant effects in the conscious life. Human response to conviction of sin after the preached or read word Outward reformation as a result of inward transformation. Reformation of life Man repents and believes the Gospel Follows Justification Follows regeneration

Entirely work of the Spirit (Monergistic)

A mysterious work (past tracing out, like the wind)

Impartation of a new principle of life

Inward Transformation

Giving of a new heart Spirit imparts life Precedes Justification38 Precedes conversion

Though remorse in and of itself may not always imply one is under genuine conviction leading unto life. Demas and Judas Ischariot must have undergone some kind of remorse which may not necessarily have lead to eternal life. 38 Though some worthy authorities like the venerable Dr JI Packer place Justification before regeneration and for a good reason really. But when we consider the golden chain of salvation in Romans 8:28-30, calling comes before Justification though these two happen in different spheres of the subjects life (i.e. the sub conscious and conscious life).

37

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From the foregoing arguments and evidence, it is abundantly clear that the new birth, or new creation as Paul puts it here is a very critical doctrine. It is critical in the sense that this describes what constitutes life in Jesus Christ where a person is engrafted, as it were, into the family of God and take their rightful place as heirs of God, and joint heirs with Jesus Christ. They are translated from the kingdom of darkness into the Kingdom of Gods marvellous light where they are Gods treasured possession. Any one that trifles with or dares trouble them touches the sensitive apple of Gods eye. God pledges to be their God and Father from now to eternity. Having elected in Christ in eternity past, He now in providence draws them to himself through the secret & mysterious work of His Spirit infusing life into them so that they may be transformed into his likeness. They may still have some frailties but they definitely aspire, yea, long to be like their Heavenly Father. Sin, once their compatriot, is now a declared mortal enemy that they will not countenance or sign any peace treaty with. It is their avowed worst enemy. Behold, all things are new in Christ! New tastes, new hopes, new appetites as well as a new destiny from the broad to the narrow road. Their ambitions and aims are now to please God as long as God grants them breathe and will not stop at anything until they live a holy and obedient life. This is the new creature in Christ! James Petigru Boyce says this in his monumental Systematic Theology on pages 307-308: I. This is the result of regeneration. The new heart is prepared to turn to God and does actually so turn. Without regeneration, the sinfulness of man keeps him away from God, causes him to set his affections upon self and his own pleasure, and to find gratification in things which are opposed to God and holiness. The regenerated heart has new affections and desires and is, therefore, fitted to seek after God and holiness. II. It is both the act of God and of man co-operating with him. 1. It is the act of God. It is thus described in the Scriptures. 1 Kings 18:37. "Thou hast turned their heart back again." Ps. 80:3. "Turn us again, O God; and cause thy face to shine, and we shall be saved." Ps. 85:4. "Turn us, O God of our salvation." Song of Sol. 1:4. "Draw me; we will run after thee." Jer. 30:21. "I will cause him to draw near, and he shall approach unto me." Jer. 31:18. "Turn thou me, and I shall be turned." Ezek. 36:27. "And I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them." John 6:44. "No man can come to me, except the Father which sent me draw him." 2. It is the act of the regenerated heart actively co-operating in thus turning. Deut. 4:30. "Thou shalt return to the Lord thy God." Prov. 1:23. "Turn you at my reproof." Hosea 12:6. "Therefore turn thou to thy God." Isaiah 55:7. "Let him return unto the Lord." Joel 2:13. "Rend your heart, and not your garments, and turn unto the Lord your God."
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Acts 11:21. "A great number that believed turned unto the Lord." In the ensuing chapter, we proceed to consider in detail why this new birth is so critical and central to a persons being and destiny. We shall also explore why not to be created anew has damning consequences and effects both in this and the next life.

Bibliography Akempis Thomas, Of the imitation of Christ, Commission Press Inc Allein Joseph, Alleins alarm to the unconverted, Banner of Truth Trust Archibald Alexander, A brief compendium of Bible Truth, Reformation Heritage books, 2005 edition Baxter, Richard, Baxters alarm to the unconverted Bolton Samuel, The True Bounds of Christian Freedom, The Banner of Truth Trust Boston Thomas, Human nature in four fold state, The Banner of Truth Trust, Boyce JP, Abstract of Systematic theology, Brooks Thomas, Precious remedies against Satans devices, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1968 edition Brown David, Christs second coming, will it be Premillenial Baker book house, 1983 edition Denney James, The Death of Christ, Paternoster Press, 1997 Doddridge Philip, The rise and progress of religion in the soul, Baker Book House, 1977 edition Edwards Jonathan, Religious affections, Banner of Truth Trust Free Grace Broadcaster, Conversion, issue 195, International edition, Chapel library Free Grace Broadcaster, Day of Judgement, issue 210,Winter 2009, Chapel Library Free Grace Broadcaster, Hell, issue 211, Spring 2010, Chapel Library Free Grace Broadcaster, issue # 149, summer 1994, Mt Zion Publications Free Grace Broadcaster, Issue # 154, Fall 1995, Mt Zion Publications
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Free Grace Broadcaster, issue 141, October 1992, Mt Zion Publications Free Grace Broadcaster, issue 209, Fall 2009, Mt Zion Publications Free Grace Broadcaster, Justification, Chapel Library Spring 2004 Issue # 187 Hodge Charles, The way of Life, Banner of Truth Trust, 1959 edition McEwan Cameron John, Regeneration: Born Again (book 2), Evangelical Bible College of Western Australia 2006, www.ebcwa.org.au Morey Robert A, The saving work of Christ: Studies in the atonement, Grace Abounding Ministries, Inc, 1980 Murray John, Redemption Accomplished and applied, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1955 Prime Derek, Bible Guideline, Mt Zion Publications, 1967 Ralevic Simo, The Tongue:Our measure, The Banner of Truth trust, 1987 Rowland John, A new person? Reformation Africa South, 2nd & 3rd quarter, 1994 pp6-12 Smeaton George, The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit, Banner of Truth Trust edition, 1958 Spurgeon C H, Though he were dead, Spurgeon Ministries, # 121 September 1998 Spurgeon CH, An all round Ministry, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1960 edition Warfield B.B, Faith and Life, The Banner of Truth Trust edition, 1974 edition Watson Thomas, A body of divinity, The Banner of truth Trust Watson, Thomas, The Doctrine of Repentance, Banner of Truth Trust White John, Drawn by the Father, Crowne Publications, 1991 Winslow Octavius, No Condemnation in Christ Jesus, The Banner of Truth Trust edition, 1991 Winslow Octavius, Personal declension and revival of religion, The Banner of Truth Trust edition, 1960 Winslow Octavius, The Work of the Holy Spirit, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1961 edition

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Chapter 3
Why the New Creation counts

In this chapter, our aim is to establish the necessity of the new birth and its critical important.
As in every age, agreement on every point or what is most important tends to generate all sorts of controversies. Some pull one direction while others pull in the opposite. Each side is convinced about the validity of their position and would go to all lengths to defend their turf. In the Galatians passage under consideration, it would appear the apostle Paul was dealing with a case as we have attempted to describe earlier where people argued one direction causing not a little tension in the church. The Christian hearts and minds were unsettled and disturbed quite a bit. The conflict was emerging from at least two different fronts. The one asserted in no uncertain terms that Christians were obliged to obey the ceremonial and moral law in order to be truly saved while the other contended the opposite turning to the apostles arguments in Acts 15. Clearly, the issue there was the contention of some Jewish believers as well as those that had some association with the church in those early days was that unless a person was circumcised in addition to faith in Christ, they could not be saved. This was such as strong contention and stirred not a little acrimony of sorts among the believers. It would appear that there were at least two factions with the one side led by Paul & Barnabas while the other by the Judaisers. After a seemingly protracted argument, the Christians decided to settle the matter once and for all by tabling it before the apostles at Jerusalem. Why they reverted to Jerusalem is not really clear but it would appear that the original witnesses who walked with the Lord and therefore received direct revelation were there (Acts 15). The highest concentration of mature godly saints was at Jerusalem perhaps. The lesson for us is that we must never despise those that are more mature in the faith, although they may not be as vibrant or zealous as we are. Leaders from each side were accordingly sent to Jerusalem with this one big question, whether the Christians were to be subject to the ceremonial and moral law. It would appear that after some deliberation, the church settled the matter in favour of free grace, apart from the law. In other words, the apostles ruled that it was not necessary for anyone to be circumcised having been regenerated by the Holy Spirit because heart circumcision had taken place at regeneration or conversion. In as much as physical circumcision was beneficial, it had no value in relation to salvation. This assertion was hair raising to the first century Jewish mind and an explosive revolutionary statement given by a Jew, yea, a Pharisee in the person of Paul. The apostle had reasons for making such an assertion which apparently many did not catch and probably still do not. The point of the apostle is simply this: Circumcision as instituted in Genesis 17 comes long after Abram has been considered righteous by God. There was an agreement made to the effect that God would bless Abram and his seed would be as numerous as the sand on the sea shore. With Gods help, they would progress to conquer other heathen nations and thus they would be Gods people. Thus, to seal
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this Abrahamic covenant, there was need to institute a sign which would remind the Israelites that they were in a covenant with Jehovah. Thus, circumcision was the sign in this case leading to Abram (later renamed Abraham) being circumcised along side with all that he owned or were under his household. This male circumcision would be observed by every Hebrew failure to which they would not be considered part of Israel or part of Gods special covenant people. This rite was so important to the extent that Moses son was nearly slaughtered but thanks to Ziphora Moses wifes quick action. Like the rain bow after Noah and his family disembarked from the ark, God put circumcision as a sign. In the New Testament, God has instituted the sacraments of Baptism and the Lords Supper as signs or reminders of what God did in the past, though fulfilled in Christ. Baptism replaces circumcision (as a physical sign of regeneration) while the Lords Supper replaces the Passover celebration in the Old Testament. Thus, when the apostle makes the assertion that what counts is a new creation, he has taken into consideration all the above mentioned facts. Further, we may state that if the new creation counts, it follows that all other things apart from this one do not count at all, good as they may be. In our text, the apostle refers to the controversial circumcision and clearly states that it is useless to save. Whether someone is circumcised or not male or female, they are on equal footing before the Lord. They stand or fall on faith rather than the sign meant to signify the real issue, in this case faith. Thus, the outward rites and rituals were but shadows of things to come as well as pointers to something significant in the sight of the Lord. If that be the case, then any deviation from this new creation is a grave matter with serious repercussions for all who ignore it. The temerity of Gods judgement for missing the only way of salvation in Christ is too heavy to contemplate. We venture in this chapter therefore to investigate the all important subject of the crucial necessity of the new birth. The necessity of the New Birth/creation The new birth no doubt is a critical aspect in our salvation because without it, then a lot of things would be in disarray. This truth is so central to the scriptures teaching because it demonstrates the work of the Triune God in the salvation of a soul as well as shows how delicate, sensitive and effectual this work is to one entering the family of God. Being Born Again is not as simple as many people assume or portray it to be because it is a mysterious work, veiled from the human eye where no human agency or input has a place. While in conversion the human agent plays a part by repenting and calling upon the saviour, in the new birth, God must do the work of his own volition, sovereign free will and pleasure. Thus, by implication, if God does not will to infuse or impart life, there is no hope for a person ever being regenerated and thus saved. In order to further refine this thought, we offer some insights around the importance and necessity of the new birth: a. The soil and foundation of life
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The first point worth noting is that regeneration is the root and foundation of life for a person to enter the family of God. Human beings are helplessly and hopelessly dead in sin and without a changed heart, a person may try as many ways to please God and yet fall short of his glory. They may do many humanly perceived good works, be philanthropic, attend church, be baptised, advance the cause of the vulnerable, be honest and a whole host of great things and yet be a stranger to God. They may be near to God and yet far. Their case may be best described by those people in Matthew 25 who claim to have done many things in Christs name and yet he never knew them. All their best works are as filthy rugs and whatever good they do is tainted with sin which displeases God. Their motives in doing those apparent good works are not correct and thus rejected by God. Spiritual death and depravity reigns over their souls and will remain so until God by his grace transforms them, not before then. Wesley captures this deathly nature and hopeless situation succinctly when he states in a hymn: Long my imprisoned spirit lay, Fast bound in sin and natures night The unregenerate soul is said to be bound in chains to natures power and cannot free itself although it may occasionally see what is right and desirable. Tragically, the will to and ability to do spiritual good is disabled. Depravity has disabled the will leading to a spiritual blindness and insensitivity. All bearings are lost and confused. In Ephesians 4, the apostle Paul takes time to describe and make a distinction between the old and new self showing that before regeneration, a person is basically enslaved by sin, its pollution, potency, dominion and consequences. The unbeliever progressively goes from bad to worse with a continual lust for more sin. Romans1 portrays a dark, dark picture that marks the miserable unbeliever. Although the unregenerate heart knows about God, it deliberately elects to suppress the truth in preference for a lie as well as applauding those that do as well as invent ways of doing evil. Although man39 is not absolutely depraved, he is none the less totally depraved in the sense that no department of their faculties was left unaffected by the ramifications of the fall. Thus, it is absolutely necessary for the new birth to take place otherwise there cannot be any life or reconnection to God as once was before the tragic Genesis 3 fall. b. A transformation The new birth is also critical because once the new life has been implanted, a whole lot of things take place positioning a person to be acceptable to God. There is a total inward transformation that takes place in the soul of a person because they will have started a new life. The heart of stone is replaced by a heart of flesh while the unclean spirit is replaced by a clean Spirit which inclines to obey God. In this new birth, there is a cleansing symbolised by the sprinkling of water
39

The word man is used in a generic sense in most of this thesis

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and washing as described in Ezekiel 36:25, 26. Not only is there an inward change but it becomes evident in the changed world view, attitude and a readiness to obey God. There is also a growing loathing of sin which is viewed as polluting and dragging one back to the ways of sin. Furthermore, there is a continued renewing of the mind and transforming into the likeness of Jesus Christ40. Sanctification, evidenced by mortification and a longing for evangelical holiness is vivid in a transformed living heart. Prior to this radical change, the old man reigned supreme with practically no aim or desire for holiness but when the person under conviction encountered the holy law of God, they died or realised that they were dead, totally impotent to save themselves. This new person has fresh desires, aims and hopes in the new found life in Christ. For the first time, life has a meaning and direction-to please God and not self. Egocentrism is dethroned by God who now controls their lives by the Holy Spirits influence. Transformed attitudes soon become apparent to the outside world which while bewildered at the radical break with sin soon begins to oppose and resent such a person. Although they remain physically the same, the inner man is different, alive to spiritual delights. This change is unmistable and visible to all, no wonder Paul would jubilantly exclaim: Your faith is being spoken of all over the world41 c. A radical instantaneous change42 The new birth is critical to effect a new nature as well as break any pervious bondage to sin and its consequences. When a person becomes alive in Christ, they are set free from the power, dominion, pollution and tyrannical rule of sin. More than that, they are translated from the dominion of darkness into Gods kingdom where righteousness reigns. While they remained in a state of sin and death, their multiple resolutions to quit sin only ended up into graver sin or frustration, if not a deeper love and appreciation of sin or its pleasures. When a person is under the conviction of sin43, they suddenly realise how awfully powerless they are to sins torment and cry to the saviour for relief. Without the Spirits potent convicting work, a sinner will carry on as usual without any concern or care for Gods demands or glory but when conviction takes effect, it means the work of regeneration has already transpired or is taking place, hence the heightened sensitivity to sin for the first time in their lives. While in the past they may have been remorseful about some bad sin or habit, this conviction is so deep and severe that it leaves a lasting impression or change upon the soul44. Once a person is converted, there are outward changes that soon become evident. One of them is unqualified sincere obedience and devotion to God, a
40 41 42

Romans 12:1-3 Romans 1:8; I Peter 4:4, this change definitely puzzles the natural mind.

Some worthy theologians like Dr Peter Masters contend that regeneration is elongated rather than instantaneous, meaning that regeneration takes place in stages rather than a sudden complete work happening in a moment. (Physician of souls)

This conviction includes some level of remorse though remorse alone cannot achieve lasting change. One Zambian Pastor has remarked in one of his sermons that where regeneration has taken place, it leaves lasting marks! Paul would rightly assert that the Romans faith was the talk of town (Romans 1:8). A city on a hill cannot be hidden.
44

43

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cessation of hostility and the law of God is no longer burdensome unlike in the past. Another sign is the loathing of sin as well as fleeing all appearance of it45. The newly born sensitive soul dreads the approach of sin and does whatever it can to keep away from its influence as much as possible. Although not totally free from Sins polluting distractions, the regenerate soul makes a conscious deliberate resolve to follow after Christ with all its might, soul, body and spirit. That is partly what regeneration achieves and much more. Without its taking place therefore, we cannot see this radical change of soul and body. Note that this is a radical instant transformation as opposed to a process. d. Justification46 For a person to be accepted by God, they must be acquitted of all previous sinful charges that were arrayed against them. For one thing, none of us can escape the condemnation of the law because we have all fallen short of the Glory of God and cannot therefore escape the wrath of God. The only hope that all sinners have is to receive pardon or some form of acquittal without compromising the just demands of Gods law. Thankfully, this comes through to sinners when they are regenerated. As soon as a person is regenerated, they are also justified in the courts of Heaven, meaning that ALL their sins, past present and future are all done away with. God deals with them as though they have never sinned and accepts them as His very children. This is possible because of what the Bible alludes to in the book of Romans chapter 3 and following. This great doctrine was rediscovered by the Protestant Reformer Martin Luther , a watershed herculean truth it is. It was indeed the watch word and battle cry of the Reformation. It is so central to our salvation because it answers the question: How can sinners be accepted by a holy God? A regenerate soul is forensically (legally) justified (i.e. forgiven and acquitted of all sin on account of Christs imputed righteousness) and can never be subject to condemnation of the law again because the imputed righteousness is credited to their account. This Justification is so full, complete and total that it cannot be repeated. Recall that God acquits sinners when He acts as Judge rather than as a Monarch. This therefore implies that a regenerate soul can never be justified twice. This also means that a truly justified person can never fall out of favour with God because they are loved with an everlasting love, lead by Grace that divine love to know. Although there are debates as to when a exactly a person is justified (whether at regeneration or at conversion), the central truth is that regeneration secures a persons justification once and for all. Alexander Archibald has this to say on Justification: We would, therefore lay it down as a truth capable of the clearest proof that Justification, as used in scripture, does not, mean any change wrought within us, but a change of our relation or standing under the law...47 ...a common objection to this doctrine of gratuitous justification is that it tends to negligence and
45
46

I Thessalonians 5:22 Refer to AW Pinks and James Buchanans works. Buchanan has done an extensive work on this subject his 400+ pages work: 47 A brief Compendium of Bible Truth, Chapter on Justification pp 128

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licentiousness. This objection as old is as the time of Paul, for he states it distinctly and answers it effectually...48 this is in reference to Romans 6:1-2.James Buchanan premises Justification on three presuppositions namely a) The substitutionary satisfaction of Christ, b) Divine authority of Scripture and c) the divine wrath against human sin. Pay particular attention to the introductory essay by JI Packer. e. Sanctification49 Having been Justified freely by Gods grace (Romans 8:1), the person not only has eternal life, they also have the vitality to wage war against sin, its polluting influence or effect50. The Christian has at least three enemies namely: The world, the flesh and the devil. These three foes (sometimes styled, the evil trinity) wage such a bitter war with the regenerate soul to the extent that the Christian feels harassed and almost abandoning the faith but thanks to Divine Grace which is so effectual by the Spirit of God to energise the soul. The Christian often cries like the man in Romans 7:24, 25: What a wretched man that I am! Who will deliver me from this body of sin? This despairing, frustrated bitter cry is always answered by the Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! Sanctification then has to do with that continual work of the Spirit in the soul of a Christian where by the person is progressively conformed unto the image of Christ while purging the sinful tendencies that bring the Christian down. Sanctification is twofold, both positional/definitive and progressive. In the former, a person is completely sanctified forever and has met the holy demands of God while in the latter, the Christian is expected to do their part in fighting sin with the aid and power of the Holy Spirit. In Justification, God alone does the legal act of declaring a guilty sinner righteous, in Sanctification (progressive), the subject as it were works out their salvation with fear and trembling. From the time they are regenerated, they enlist into this long, sweaty, bloody irreconcilable war with sin until they breathe their last. Only a regenerate soul can thus be sanctified, hence regenerations necessity. f. Peace with God51 During the conviction process, most people experience an excruciating guilt as well as a deep awareness of their own unworthiness and filth before God. They despair of ever being pardoned for all the evil and wicked things they will have done against God. They are terrified by the many laws they will have broken with impunity without any care for the repercussions for their previous actions. For the first time, the sad reality for the penalty of their sins dawns upon their minds leading them into the deep conviction earlier alluded to. While lamenting their wickedness, the gospel light comes along and offers relief with Jesus as the only saviour.
48 49

PP 133 Romans 6 & 7; I Thessalonians 4:3;Hebrews 12:14 50 This may include anything that is at variance with Gods nature or law. 51 Philippians 4:7

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Without hesitation (although sometimes unsure), the guilty soul flies to Christ for refuge and for sure, this refuge is granted. When the transaction is done, pardon is granted to the once miserable helpless sinner. As a result, a flood of unspeakable joy floods their soul because, for the first time in what appears like an eternity, all their sins are pardoned in an instant. This forgiveness is not just a mental historical knowledge or assent but there is a peace and tranquillity that overwhelms the mind exhilarating the whole person to an extent never known or experienced before. This joy lasts throughout life though the intensity may vary in individuals, except one thing is certain in all cases, there is a release and freedom which surpasses understanding. For the first time, the person feels clean liberated and acceptable before God with a remarkable ability to stay away sin. John Bunyans Pilgrims Progress beautifully captures this scenario. As Titus states, the person is washed anew and able to say No! to sin with such ease as never known before. They can now freely and majestically walk into the throne room of God because they now have divine royal blood flowing within their veins. More than that, they also have the peace of God that transcends all understanding which the human heart may not explain or comprehend. This knowledge of divine harmony cannot be traded for anything, the saint treasures this tranquillity to the end of their earthly pilgrimage. Regeneration alone through the justifying grace of God achieves this. g. God cannot accept an unregenerate soul God is thrice holy and cannot countenance sin in his presence. The smallest taint of sin provokes His holy reaction akin to what an asthmatic person reacts to minute invisible dust particles in the air. The God who even finds folly in the pure angels cannot for a moment entertain a sinful people. Yet through the finished work of Christ on the cross, we have a privilege and boldness to dare approach the throne of Grace. For God to accept guilty sinners as his children, certain conditions must be met first, one of which is meeting his humanly impossible standards of holiness. Christ has solved this dilemma by imputing his righteousness on sinners as well as imparting a principle of life to obey God thereafter. Thus, when a person becomes converted, they will have been cleansed within which translates into a holy life. When God looks at the sinners, He views them through the perfect righteousness of Christ and thus accepts them as his own. Through regeneration, the old nature is dealt with when the heart of stone is replaced as well as the consequent washing or cleansing by the Holy Ghost. In short, God is eternally opposed to sin and His nature cannot countenance or mingle with sin, not at alland He is consistent with His nature. Thus, any post modern thinking that down plays Gods nature in any form or way is badly mistaken. h. Adoption Without the regenerating work of the Holy Spirit, it is impossible for anyone to be engrafted or admitted into the family of God because they will be unfit to belong. In regeneration, the person
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is born anew into another family, this time the family of God and for them to belong, they are adopted into the family of God, especially so that many Gentiles were once not a people belonging to God. By simple definition, adoption is the legal process of accepting or taking some one into your family granting them the same status or right of any biological child. In Gods scheme of things, the sinner is accepted as one of Gods children having declared them righteous in Justification. God thus accepts guilty sinners as his own children premised upon the finished work of Christ on the Cross. Thus, the Jewish and Gentile Christian now has equal standing before God. This point is laboured upon by Paul in Galatians and Romans. As earlier intimated, adoption not only confers son ship to God but also rights to heirs of God. They now walk around freely in the heavenly palace because God is their father. What a privilege Christians have, to be sons of God! John marvels about this fact in the third chapter of his first epistle. That is what saints become in Christ, having been regenerated by the power of effectual grace! i. Saving Faith As we all know, without faith, it is impossible to please God (Hebrews 11:6). The only way to be acceptable before God is to exercise saving faith in Jesus Christ. This faith is not self generated or imparted by some magical activity of someone but is a gift of God (Ephesians 2:8-10). Contrary to what many believe that a spiritually dead sinner can somehow exercise faith without it being granted by God, this saving faith which leads unto life comes about when a person is regenerated. Having been regenerated, they suddenly come alive to the reality of their sins, repent and apply to Christ for mercy. Thus, without the initial work of regeneration by God, it is impossible to exercise saving faith in Christ and thus can never please God. Recall that our best works are as filthy rags before God (Isaiah 64:6), no matter how well and sincerely intended. Furthermore, strangers to grace carry within their hearts and bosom a desperately wicked heart (Jeremiah 17:9) whose ways cannot be fully known. Even after salvation, this heart must be meticulously monitored because of its propensity to wonder from the God it loves. The Hymn writer knew better when he said, Prone to wonder Lord I feel it, prone to leave the God I love...52 Similarly, Robert Murray MCheyne (1813-1843) suspected his heart and carefully watched the motions of his unstable heart, no wonder he walked so saintly upon this terrestrial ball! If the saint can thus be outwitted by the wicked heart, what more the unconverted? Certainly they cannot exercise saving faith in Christ unless their depraved nature is over come, the will activated and spiritual eyes opened by the secret operations of the Spirit of God. The place and function of the law in our salvation53

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Quoted from Robert Robinson (1735-1790)s hymn Come thou fount of every blessing # 615 in Grace Hymns We strongly recommend that the reader avails themselves to Samuel Bolton and Richard Barcelloss treatise on the law, its function and continuity today.

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For many Christians, the distinction and function of the law is often confusing. They get muddled up and lamentably fail to clearly explain the relationship between the law and grace in our salvation. The best they can say is that in the Old Testament, people were saved by obeying the law whereas in the New Testament, people are saved by Grace through faith. Others hold that the law is essential to our salvation because Jesus alluded to that end in his sermon on the mount. This latter group confidently assert that no one will be saved unless they religiously and slavishly obey the moral law quoting scriptures in James as well as other passages that seemingly support their position. This confusion is not new in any way because it has been a thorny issue from the Churchs inception and would appear to have troubled the primitive church not a little. It would also appear that the saints in Acts 15 and at Galatia must have been vexed, yea, tortured by this question as to the place and function of the law. Has the law been done away with? Has it ceased to be relevant and thus we can live as we please? Were the saints in the Old Testament saved by works let alone obedience to the law? How do we reconcile Christs assertion in the Sermon on the Mount that he had come to fulfil the law to the letter rather than to abolish it? What then are New Testament Christians to hold about the law in relation to salvation? Myriads of questions arise when we open this Pandora box which we can scarcely securely close. That said, we need to make some preliminary statements before we delve into some detail over this matter. Firstly, it must be clear that the Bible talks about at least two covenants54 in relation to our salvation. The one is the covenant of works which was instituted at creation between God and Man. In that covenant, man was given a test in the Garden of Eden, whether to obey God or not. As we know, man lamentably failed and thus brought misery and calamity on the entire human race (Romans 5:12ff). God then entered another covenant of Grace in Christ where he undertook to save sinners by his grace through faith in Christ. The proto evangel in Genesis 3:15 talked about the new covenant of grace in which Christ was appointed as its mediator to reconcile man back to God. In this covenant of Grace, Christ was to enter three offices of prophet, priest and King for him to secure the salvation of the elect. This was effectually actualized in the fullness of time. Secondly, when the Bible talks about the law, there are several different kinds of laws that are referred to55. Some of them include the following: Moral law: This moral law was given by God on the mount of Horeb (Sinai) where he wrote the Ten Commandments (Decalogue) on two tablets of stone with his finger. They were written on
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Though some argue for more or less of these covenants. One school actually rejects any suggestion of the covenant of works 55 Note that some well meaning Evangelicals, especially the New Covenant theologians, reject these distinctions in relation to law as merely superficial, imposed, imagined and unreal. To this school of thought, the word Law refers to everything moral, ceremonial, civil law etc because then, it fits well with their theological position of rejecting the relevance and continuing binding nature of the moral rather than the ceremonial law.

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stone to signify their permanence. This moral law is universal and is written on the tablets of every human beings heart whether they know God or not, acknowledge or hate him. For instance, killing is universally wrong regardless of where one goes on the earth. Thus, the Decalogue is still binding today as a rule of life not as a means of salvation for no one would live up to every part of it, since we are all sinners. However, if any is to please God, they must fulfil the whole law or else be guilty of transgressing even if they keep 99.999999999% of the law. That is why Jesus passive and active obedience was essential and thus led to his death, even death on the accursed cross. Some hold that the moral law fell away when the reality came in Christ. They argue that its function as school master was temporal. Others argue that the Christian does not need to observe the ceremonial law because they cannot break it as they have the seed of God dwelling in them. Any suggestion to its observance is perceived as an attempt to impose a slavish legalistic bondage to the law, since Christ is the end (as in the close out, shut out of the law rather than its goal. They focus more on its discontinuity rather than his accomplishing it). Civil: The civil law has to do with the laws that governed the Israelites as they travelled and lived in the Promised Land. As they had judges, prophets and kings, they used these civil laws to manage their societies. If one broke any of them, the civil law had stipulations on how or what was going to be done to each respective person. For instance, if someone accidentally killed another person, they could flee to the cities of refuge for respite (see Numbers 35 or Deuteronomy 4 and 5). The moment they left that sanctuary, they could be dealt with severely. Another case in point is that of Shimei and Solomon. When David was about to die, he instructed his son Solomon to kill Shimei because of his past atrocities but Solomon decided to spare the man for a while, as long as he abided by the set rules. For some reason, Shimei broke the rules and was slaughtered. The bottom line for his slaughter however could have been treason or breaking some civil law. In a nutshell, we can say that these laws helped to maintain order and equity in the land, which Moses and others administered everyday at the city gate. These civil laws can be found in the pages of the Deuteronomy and to some extent Leviticus. Some laws somewhat overlapped between civil and moral. The moral law had more to do with the motives and internal disposition while the civil had more to do with the actions that people did in relation to the state and neighbours. Ceremonial: Then there was the ceremonial law that governed all the purity rites of the Jewish community. These ceremonial laws all pointed to the absolute purity of God and how he did not want to have anything unclean before him. Laws such as washing, touching dead bodies, burying before the Sabbath, ceremonial washing etc all had to do with cleansing and ensuring Gods standards were met and upheld. If for instance a woman was having her menses, the law declared that she was unclean and relevant rules had to be observed failure to which would provoke the displeasure of God. The book of Leviticus is replete with these ceremonial rites, clearly
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stipulating what was considered clean and unclean. This extended to personal hygiene, health and diet. This law was later to wreck a lot of havoc in the early church because the Jews insisted that the ceremonial law was still binding while the Gentiles did not thing it was essential or necessary for salvation. This brought about not a little contention and commotion among the brethren to the extent that a council had to be set up in Acts 15. The conclusion was that all believers were not to strictly obey the ceremonial law at all for salvation. The rationale perhaps was that Christ had obeyed all this and thus was the end of the law either meaning that He was the goal of that law or that he abolished it by his death on the cross. In Galatians, Paul is primarily wrestling with the ceremonial law rather than the moral law although even it (i.e. the moral law) is put in its right place as a school master. The ceremonial law depicted the holiness and purity of God. No wonder some have quaintly quipped that Cleanliness is next to godliness, perhaps alluding to the ceremonial law. It would appear that the foods and circumcision fell under this ceremonial law and thus were done away with in the New Covenant when the reality came in Christ. One may ask, which law ceased, if any when Christ came? I would venture to say that the ceremonial certainly did because the shadow gave way to the reality when it arrived. Confusions surrounding the law From what has been revealed so far in the preceding section, it is evident that confusions are bound to erupt especially to the naive Christian. The Jewish believer would contend that the whole law must be fully obeyed even today (i.e. moral, ceremonial and civil laws) in addition to having faith in Christ. The gentile Christian would be confused as to what to observe in order to please God and in the process feel burdened by the many demands from the various respective laws. Even today, many Christians wrestle on this matter and not a little blood has been spilt over this matter. But a closer examination of the scriptures as well as understanding the background and context, many of these heart aches would be allayed. For instance, the Seventh Day Adventists resolutely assert that the moral law is essential to salvation and the breaking of any of those would attract the displeasure of God (I almost said would land one in Hell, which the SDA may hold!). Their emphasis on the Sabbath law has made them stand out because they accuse anyone who worships on any other day to possess the mark of the beast! They have their own reasons for their arguments which we shall not delve into in this thesis. However, this painstaking emphasis has created an impression that the denomination has cultic tendencies. On the opposite extreme, we have the antinomians that reject any reference to or obedience to any law because Christ is the end of the law! He has fully obeyed the whole law and thus no Christian saved by Grace is bound to obey any law. They are often licentious and fall into hedonism which is so prevalent in these degenerate days. Modern antinomians like Michael Eaton hold that the law is useless and must be dispensed with because a Christian has the Spirit of God to lead them into all truth. Thus, the Spirit filled Christian cannot deliberately and
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wilfully do anything to displease God. There are no rules in the antinomian camp! Interestingly, some of the leading antinomians were once sound people who now mislead countless naive and gullible novices in the faith into their lawlessness. Decrees, stipulations, commandments and laws (Deuteronomy 5) Cities of refuge (Numbers 35 and Deuteronomy 4). Continuity of the law, has the law ceased to function as it has been replaced or it is still in force today? Was the law temporal or not? In between these extremes is a wide spectrum of positions held by various denominations, religions and groupings. For our purposes, we summarise some of the confusions surrounding the law versus grace today: a. A means of salvation56: The Church at Galatia was once a sound vibrant and thriving Church when Paul first visited there. They were excited in the grace of God and the liberty that it brings to those that come to faith in Christ. The essence and reality of free pardon was ever so real upon the tablets of their hearts. The sun of righteousness shone brightly upon their ecstatic and exhilarated hearts. Freedom in Christ was their meat and drink. Along the way however, some tendencies crept into the church and begun to tilt the focus of the church. It could be that some Jewish Christians joined the church from somewhere all even rank and file Judaisers who were strangers to Grace crept in unawares and secretly introduced destructive teachings. Some of their teaching could have sounded something like this: While it is important and cool to believe on Jesus the promised messiah, it is not enough to completely save you without obeying the respective laws. The arguments along those lines were so appealing to someone with a Jewish background while destabilising to those who had a gentile back ground. In no time, rifts and party spirit crept into the once harmonious assembly with the Jews claiming superiority over the gentiles. Thus, when Paul noticed the inconsistent behaviour of Peter and others, he reacted (Galatians 2) categorically stating that the Jewish brethren and their cohorts were being inconsistent with the gospel of Grace thus hypocritical. It appears to have been a bitter argument and pill to swallow but was clearly highlighted. Paul would then write this potent Galatian letter to defend the gospel of grace, giving clear examples. His major thesis statement was that Salvation was by Grace alone apart from the law since Christ, the reality had come to the earth at the dawn of the New Covenant (although the covenant of Grace was from way before the fall, according to Gods decree). The Reformers saw Pauls point clearly and championed salvation by grace alone though they encountered a serious problem with the assertions in the book of James57. They could not however reconcile James and Paul, thus tended to avoid the book
Galatians 2:16; 5:4; James 2:24 In fact it is said some even questioned the canonicity of James because it appeared to contradict sola gratia & sola fidei. Martin Luther particularly had harsh words to say about the book, placing it after Revelation to show just how unsure he was about it.
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and in some cases treated it as uninspired! However, as more light became available, the two books could be happily explained away. While the one (James) emphasised practical fruit and action, the other (Romans, Galatians etc) focused the legal standing in Christ and what actually saves someone. James was rebuking the unpractical Christians while Paul was correcting the legalistic Jewish mind. That said, we still have problems surrounding these age old questions. We must state here that salvation is by grace alone through faith but this faith is never alone, meaning that this living faith spontaneously produces fruit, visible fruit for that matter. Further, we must state that both the Old and New Testament saints are both saved by Grace through faith in Christ never by works. Abraham believed God and it was credited to him as righteousness, Romans 3 and 4 declares. Galatians also argues along similar lines. b. Law keeping guarantees salvation: Passages like the Sermon on the Mount as well as reading through the book of James seem to suggest that law keeping is absolutely essential to salvation. Furthermore, religious ceremonial practices carried with them an air of sanctity to the extent that these rites tended to over shadow the actual reality in Christ. Many still wrongly hold that the law is essential to salvation and breaking of any of them lands one outside the fold of God. They strongly assert that if we are to please God, we must by all means be perfect in keeping with his perfectness. In addition, our righteousness must exceed that of the Pharisees58, and boy, look at the Pharisee! They were certainly very devout fellows and no one could surpass their righteousness in their day. These and many other related arguments plausibly come to the fore but it must be noted that Christ was not arguing about their outward acts or moral uprightness. What Christ was arguing against was their wrong interpretation of the law and thus leading to wrong ethical practice. The Pharisees actually tended to lower the standards of Gods law, albeit in a very subtle way and Christ now corrects the wrong interpretation in the marathon sermon on the mount. Imagine for a moment it were to be true that law keeping would be the means of salvation, how many would measure up to its just demands? How many would be kept without breaking any of them even for an hour? Paul would further argue from another angle. If we insist on the law as essential to salvation, then we are bound to obey the entire law without breaking any and Christs death would be of no effect/useless59. But that cannot be. Salvation is by Grace alone not of works or law keeping. We are impotent to fully obey the whole law, hence the need of Christ. If this latter assertion be true, what then in the place of the law, one may ask. The next section deals with this matter. Place of the law
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Deuteronomy 6:25, Matthew 5:20,48 Galatians 3:10-14, 21-24

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The true place of the law and the moral law in particular has caused quite a stir with all sorts of opinions flying in all directions. Each proponent of any given position claims and asserts that their position is correct which should not only be respected but adhered to. What exactly is the place of the law in the Christian economy especially that Christ actually came to fulfil it to the letter? Should Christians have a place for it or simply dispense with it? In this section, we highlight the true place of the law as we see it portrayed in scripture: a. The first point worth noting is that the law helps in recognizing and identifying sin. Prior to conversion, man is wretched, blind and deceived. With this type of darkened and clouded mindset, the non-Christian is blind to spiritual realities nor does he think it mandatory to avoid sin. The typical unbeliever in the post modern era believes that nothing is absolute and thus it depends on how one view things. Sin is perceived as a weakness, challenge or preference rather than as an affront against Gods holy character. The non regenerate will not accept to be lectured on morality or his/her beliefs to be attacked. S/he also will not impose their convictions on another. Things are relative depending on ones background orientation or context. What may be poisonous to one may be meat for another. Thus, when the Bible comes along and makes strong statements about sin or defines what is wrong or right, the typical unbeliever will hurl it out in preference for humanistic tenets. However, when a person is getting converted, the first thing that highlights their utter unworthiness in the sight of God is the moral law. Reading each commandment one after the other soon reveals the extent of ones rebellion. Hence, the law is there to help man recognise and identify sin for what it is rather that a mere weakness or a point of indifferent debate. Remove the law and you have no standard or basis of spotting sin. b. In the second place, the law helps in our fight against the souls enemies. For the regenerate soul, the law serves as a constant reminder of what is wrong or right as they seek to obey God. The law screams at the saint the moment they side step the word of God or do something that is against his word. Once the sensitive conscience is alerted of a breach, the mind galvanises into fighting or repair mode as the case may be. If the law was not there, the saint would sin and not have the slightest idea that their house was on fire. Someone with a seared conscience is numb to sin or its approach akin to a leper whose infected finger is burning in a fire. The sinometer or siren against sin or its approach positions the Christian to avoid all appearance of evil, having learnt from past experience. The body is said to possess some kind of memory and easily identifies a disease that has at one time attacked the body. So also, the conscience, it recognizes sin and most likely knows what the best remedy or antidote would be in a given circumstance.

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c. Thirdly, the law teaches about our God and his holy standards. There is nothing that is left to chance or ones whims. All things are clearly laid down in the moral law. The Decalogue touches about every aspect of our lives and is thus universal in that sense, regardless of ones context, religion, orientation or location on this terrestrial ball. The Bible gives a sense of Gods inflexible holiness and purity which people must adhere to without fail. Although the Decalogue does not save any one, it teaches (or reveals) about Gods nature as well as what pleases or displeases him. d. The law is a rule of life or guide the Christian. In a relative dynamic world, Gods word acts as a reliable guide and standard of ethical behaviour. Were we left to our own whims and preferences, our world would soon degenerate into chaos at every turn! Imagine for a moment that the traffic lights were either removed or stopped functioning in a busy metropolitan city, what chaos would ensue! We would not be surprised if some motorists gunned each other down or there were countless motor vehicle pileup crashes! The reason is that the regulator would have been removed leaving everything in free fall more or less. Thus, the law to the Christian brings about sanity as well as directs them in the way in which they ought to go. Some think that the law is essential to salvation rather than a rule of life for the saint, which of course is an error. The correct place and use of the law is to help us live better God honouring and pleasing lives. The list above is by no means exhaustive but scratches on the main points relating to the place of the law. A correct understanding of the nature, importance and relevance of the law in the Christian economy is therefore very critical otherwise one runs the risk of living in constant doubt and even deception as once bugged the Galatians of old. When this author was growing up, he encountered a lot of confusing teachings from different quarters of the Christian fraternity. He was really confused and in a sense messed up by the incorrect as well as incomplete understanding of the types of laws/ what the Bible teaches about the law. This often left him depressed or unsure of his position in Christ because people he looked up to were pulling in different directions. It was not until , as an under graduate student, he came across Samuel Boltons little Puritan paper back that he finally discovered the glorious liberty we have in Christ. For the first time, the laws were explained clearly including the pearls hidden in Galatians as well as Hebrews were made manifest. What relief he felt! For the first time, salvation by Grace had a far deeper impression on his mind. This may not be the privilege for every Christian. Samuel Bolton (1645) did a marvellous job on the various laws60. Like Bolton, Thomas Watson (1692) did an equally commendable exposition of the Ten Commandments which clarified a lot on hitherto contentious issues. Yet another, Richard Barcellos (2001) has done a classic work on the Decalogue which the reader will do
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I.e. in The true bounds of Christian freedom, published by the Banner of Truth Trust.

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well to peruse through. It is a small volume, scarcely 115 pages but I can assure you, pregnant with relevant stuff! Barcellos mercilessly strikes the antinomian and New Covenant Theologian with a heavy mortal blow using one stroke of the pen. We strongly recommend the reading of that little precious potent volume especially in these degenerate days when even some so-called reformers are at daggers drawn with respect to some parts of scripture. Function of the law The law has a very critical role in the lives of both Christian and non Christians alike. For the one, it is a rule of life, guiding them how to live to please God, for the other, it is a constant terror that shouts at them as to how they daily break Gods law at every turn. The law does not in itself save any one, nor can it but has a function which we briefly explore. We consider the function of the law as laid down in the scriptures in this section. a. School master61: From Romans and Galatians it is very clear that the law had a legitimate function, to act as our supervisor. It had a whip which it would crack upon us if at all we went astray from Gods command. Paul likens the law to a school master whose task is not only to educate but guide us through the learning process. In ancient times, wealthy people often hired tutors to coach their children from home. The tutors were empowered to use every available resource at their disposal including disciplining the subject under their care. All that the master was concerned about were results, good results for that matter. If the child for some reason failed to display the expected etiquette or competence, the tutor was liable and chargeable. To avoid such a negative tag, they diligently discharged their duties and ensured that the children under their care learnt the ropes. All the while though, these children never ceased to be heirs or children of the master. Once they became of age, the school masters job ceased. In a similar light, the law did this function of not only teaching or guiding but it also ensured the man towed the divine line, having known the standards of God. A second aspect worth noting is that although the school master had authority, they did not confer the right on their subjects to become children of the master for they already were. From infancy to the time they became mature, the school master controlled and regulated them but when the children became mature and responsible, their authority progressively declined with time. This is the same function the law did and does. It did not confer or impart eternal life to anyone but merely guided people towards Christ. b. Highlighting sin62 (in its ugly colours & subtlety): As earlier alluded to, the law functions like a siren ensuring that any person that transgresses it, it will react with a
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Galatians 3:15-4:7 Romans 5:20; 7:7-24

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scream, mourn or shout! It alerts someone of what sin is and its terribleness. The laws function is to help recognise and identify sin for what it truly is. It may not directly stipulate the penalty for the sin but it certainly acts as a standard. Without the law, everything becomes relative as no benchmarks or indicators exist. What parameters are we going to use to judge or tell whether something is wrong or right? That partly explains why many unbelievers and antinomians hate the law, because it reminds them of their sins. They do not want to feel judged or condemned. If the law praised their deeds of darkness, they would love it. Further, we may say that when someone is preaching the gospel, they must first preach the law and then apply the balm of Gilead for relief to the guilty sinner. The reason for this is we first set the standard, and then offer the only solution available in Christ. Whitefield often seriously preached the law to the point that people were breaking down in deep conviction and guilt of sin. At one such time, someone in the congregation (probably a preacher himself) shouted, Is there no balm in Gilead? where upon Whitefield immediately changed the slant of his sermon and pointed sinners to the saviour. That was correct use of the law and we do well to adopt that approach. This is one of the reasons why todays preaching is largely defective and achieves fewer genuinely converted souls. It omits the root and focuses on the fruit, now tell me, who wouldnt want the fruit? People naturally want the end not the means. If the law was rightly used afresh, we should achieve far more conversions in our day than we presently do. Many Psychologists hate this approach claiming that it damages ones esteem! But a fellow professional, a Dr Tana Dineen63 has written to counter some of the unscientific advice and practices that some quark Psychologists offer! Sin by definition is the transgression, breaking and disregarding Gods law. In the original languages, sin carries the connotation of missing the mark or going on the wrong path. Sin, in its essential nature has a number of effects that include eternal death, guilt and pollution. Although some people reject the doctrine of imputed original sin64 when Adam sinned in the fall as recorded in Genesis 3, sin has been transferred and communicated to Adams progeny which continues to affect humanity even today. The law therefore comes along and highlights sin for what it is, yea, in its ugly colours although sin has always been long before the Decalogue was given at Sinai. c. Demonstrating the spirituality of the law65: By highlighting sin and demonstrating that sinners constantly transgress the standard of God, the law also clearly shows that God is
The Dr actually is contending and arguing against some wrong advice and unscientific practices prevalent in the Psychology profession. Quoted from The Metropolitan Tabernacle book catalogue (winter 1999) 64 Dr Robert D Luginbill is included, who has written extensively over the subject of Hamartiology. He states that the doctrine of original sin as taught by some ancient divines is a fallacy developed as a reaction to the Pelagian heresy. He further asserts that what was passed on in the fall was not imputed sinfulness but the sin nature. This is a tight rope and leans towards the semiPelagian error if carefully analyzed and thought through. See his write up Bible Basics: Essential Doctrines of the Bible, part 3B 65 Romans 7:14
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Holy and his ways are just. The law by its essential nature does not leave room for sin or any transgression that throws dirt at the holy image of God. Any one that approaches or reads the law soon discovers how filthy and unworthy they are before God. They cannot stand in the presence of the laws bright pure lights. The author recalls evangelising to a colleague in the college dining hall one day in 1992. When asked why he did not read the Bible, the gentleman gave an interesting answer. He said something like this: Every time I read that book (i.e. the Bible), I often feel so terrible and bad because it has arrows that come out of its pages to prick me. For that reason, I cannot read it anymore. I stopped a long time ago. While we felt sad that he had rejected our gospel offer, he gave us insight into why many avoid the Bible. It disturbs their stifled conscience and false sense of security or self worth. Another religion Professor from one of one of these world class Universities made a shocking statement once. She said something like this: I cannot allow my children to read the Bible because it can disturb their psychic. The Bible is a violent book which breaks down ones self esteem! That was shocking coming from a Professor in Hebrew Bible Old Testament!! Later on, it became clear that that Professor was either not converted or a terrible liberal. Another woman in the UK once complained raising litigation charges against the Bible. She wanted it be placed among outlawed books. Reason? It (Bible) disturbed many people out of their sense of peace and self worth!! All these and many more examples clearly demonstrate that the laws demands are too high and severe for a natural man. d. Reminds of our failing and accountability to God66: Once you and I accidentally fall down, we instantly know and feel that we should rise, why? Because that is simply where we do not belong! Were we to remain on the ground, our members in the body soon begin to revolt or complain. There is integrity, perception and all sorts of things to protect. In the shortest possible time, we spring up, clean ourselves and proceed. There is a law within us that instinctively tells us that we are in the right or wrong place. Apart from the shame, our associates may equally be embarrassed so we must do all we can to mitigate the humiliation. The drive that compels us to do certain things or act in certain ways may be rightly called a principle or law. In a similar way, Gods law has the honourable function of reminding us that we have human frailties and sins. The law consistently reminds us of our sins as well as our obligation to God. The law never praises or high lights our best moments of obedience, rather, its function is to remind us that we are mere sinners, frail children of dust. The Puritans used to say, The best of men are but men at best. By this saying they meant to remind themselves and us that no matter how competent, good or excellent we become of feel, we none the less fall short of the glory of God.
66

Romans 3:23

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We have attempted to establish and explain why the apostle boldly makes similar assertions twice over in the book of Galatians that what counts is a new creation rather than physical circumcision. In a sense we have taken many detours in a bid to trace out the nature and reason why the new creation is what matters above all things. We considered the law and its place in our salvation because this point has been subject to countless misinterpretations and understanding for many Christians in the past and present. This has been a troubling point and may account for some of the denominations and schools of thought we have today. Some hold that Christ annulled the law altogether when he came and thus replaced the Law of Moses (and thus there is discontinuity) while others hold that Christ was the actual fulfilment rather than cancellation of the law. These both hold that the law is not essential to salvation. There is another group however who hold that the law is essential to salvation and has never been annulled at all. Some have even gone so far as to accuse Paul of having confused matters because of his Gnostic influences in his type of gospel! That said, Pauls thesis statement is only this: Anything apart from a regenerate heart cannot inherit eternal life. Try as they might, their best works will be as filthy rugs and offend God every day. Their best efforts, good works, intention or plans can never please God because their premise for doing those activities is faulty and therefore not acceptable. Further it does mean that salvation is found in Christ alone. Anything outside Christ is useless and can never impart life let alone grant one entrance into heaven. Other religions claim to be a way to God but we here assert that only through the regenerating work of the Holy Spirit can one ever enter heaven. Today, many think that Christs exclusive statements are not as serious as they are portrayed but this is a serious deliberate mistake! Christianity in its essential nature is exclusive and a narrow road which few find and walk therein. When Paul went to Athens (the worlds capital at the time) in Acts 17, he did not sit idly by and try to concoct a less offensive message but rather looked around and was distressed or disturbed by what he saw. While he appreciated the context and respected the natives, he none the less preached Christ without reserve or toning down. The effect and reaction to his message was mixed. Some sneered while others believed and resolved to hear him more on the matter! Thats the gospel when faithfully preached! We must impress it on peoples consciences that they need to repent and believe the gospel short of which they cannot be saved. Regeneration is as critical today as it was 2,000 years ago and thus we must insist on their conversion producing fruit meet for repentance. The gospel is not a tottering child who can scarcely walk or stand, just declare it and the Spirit of God will do his regenerating work which translates into a thorough work of grace as people get transformed. One great preacher in history once declared that the Gospel is like a lion, all you have to do is open the cage and it will do its work! Paul was not ashamed of it, actually he was proud of and confident in it that it would achieve its intended work because it was the Dunamis or power of God. It would never return to God void but accomplish what it is sent out to do. Thus is the power of the message we have in our laps but it will only do its work if we unreservedly and boldly proclaim it!
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At this point we transition to our next chapter where we investigate and evaluate what characterizes a person that has been genuinely regenerated by the Holy Spirit of God. Bibliography Barcellos C Richard, In Defence of the Decalogue, Winepress Publishing, 2001 Barcellos C Richard, In defence of the Decalogue: A critique of New Covenant Theology, Winepress Publishing, 2001 Best W.E, Simple Faith (A misnomer), South Belt Assembly of Christ, 1993 Bolton Samuel, The True bounds of Christian Freedom, The Banner of Truth Trust Bonar Andrew, Memoir and remains of R.M MCheyne, Banner of truth Trust, 1960 edition Bonar Andrew, The life of Robert Murray MCheyne, Banner of truth Trust, 1960 edition Boston Thomas, Ye must be Born Again, Free Grace Broadcaster, Mt Zion Publications, issue # 149, summer 1994 pp 8 & 9 Boston Thomas, Human Nature in its fourfold state, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1964 edition Briscoe Stuart, The Ten commandments, OM publishing, 1986 Buchanan James, The Doctrine of Justification: An outline of its History in the church and its exposition from scripture Bunyan John, The Pilgrims progress, American Tract Society, 1890 edition Davies Eryl, An Angry God? Evangelical Press of Wales, 1991 Free Grace Braodcaster, Hell, Spring 2010, Issue # 211, Chapel Library Free Grace Broadcaster, Conversion, International edition, Issue # 195, Chapel Library Free Grace Broadcaster, Day of Judgement Winter 2009 issue # 210, Chapel Library Free Grace Broadcaster, Justification, Spring 2004, Issue # 187, Chapel Library Free Grace Broadcaster, Mt Zion Publications, Fall 1995, Issue # 154 Grace Hymns, Grace Publications Grace hymns, Grace Publications Trust, 1975
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Kevan F Ernest, The Lords Supper, Evangelical Press, 1966 McEwan Cameron John, Regeneration: Born Again (book 2), Evangelical Bible College of Western Australia 2006, www.ebcwa.org.au Murrell E Stanford, A soul set free: A study of the Epistle to the Romans, Packer J I, Concise Theology: A guide to Historic Christian Beliefs, Spurgeon Ministries Pollock A.J, Josephus and the Bible, The central Bible Truth depot Riches John, The Bible: A very short introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000 Shedd WGT, The Doctrine of Endless Punishment, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1986 edition Smeaton George, The doctrine of The Holy Spirit, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1958 edition Spurgeon C H, Fruitless Faith, Spurgeon Ministries, Bath Road Baptist Church, 1995 Spurgeon C H, The Perpetuity of the law of God and the law written on the heart, Mt Zion publications Warfield BB, Faith & Life, The Banner of truth Trust, 1974 edition Young E.J, Thy word is Truth, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1957 edition

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Chapter 4 Marks of a New Creation

When a person becomes a Christian, there is a radical paradigm shift in about everything. Their
entire world view, tastes, habits, preferences, inclinations, attitudes and distastes completely change from what they were before! This transformation occasions a great peace that ensues when someone becomes a Christian, yea a flood of peace permeates pervasively into their entire being. For a season, they seem to be above the clouds and enjoy, what some ancient divines have coined, Placental blessings meaning that for a while, sin appears apparently completely paralysed and far away from them. There is a measure of peace and triumph that often fills the mind and heart because of the glorious liberty that Christ offers to them. In the words of Charles Wesleys legendary hymn, My chains fell off, my hearts were free... they rose went forth and gladly followed the Lord Jesus Christ. For the first time in their lives, they have the power and ability to say No! to sin without any regret, hesitation or struggle. In fact, any thought of their past lives makes their heart to tremble at the approach or appearance of sin. The Christian, as it were, is bathed in the sunshine of eternal glorious blessings. All their sins are forgiven and no condemnation they dread. For some months and perhaps years, everything appears well where sin is far from their mental shores. They hate sin with perfect hatred and until at some point, the temptation begins to make its appearances. This startles the Christian and occasionally sends them into depression or fits of doubts as to whether they are truly converted. How can it be that they both love the saviour with virgin devotion and yet sin terrorises them? They soon discover that they have three lethal enemies, namely the world, the flesh and the Devil. They notice with great vexation that sin repeatedly attempts to make inroads into their lives but the Christian valiantly fights back, though many times in deep trouble of soul. That said, as the Christian grows and matures in the faith, they exhibit genuine true Christ like characteristics which include some of the ones we shall highlight in this chapter. These are by no means the only marks of a regenerate soul but attempt to give unmistakable traits that show who the true saint is. Early indications/signs of regeneration Generally before someone closes in with Christ in a saving way, people describe different types of encounters, feelings or may we say experiences. Some say they scarcely feel anything and suddenly find themselves at peace with God. The bulk of us that have once walked the ways of sin often describe some encounter, struggle and wrestling with sin and its polluting nature. Suddenly, we feel troubled and unsettled about the state we have been in for many decades, yea, the entirety of our lives up to that point. For some unexplained reasons, the sinful things that once charmed us no longer do, if anything increases the discomfort. There must be solace and
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relief somewhere but we do not know how exactly or where to find help. Depending on which context we find selves in, we may either stray into a religious meeting where the word of God is expounded, read the scriptures for ourselves or providentially have someone preach the gospel to us. Initially, this word increases the disturbance or in some cases triggers the discomfort. We may either dismiss that word for a season or wrestle with the words for some time. The duration for this inward conflict varies from person to person. The degree of intensity also varies. In the case of Joseph Hart, it took over 3 years! Despite these differences, all are plagued [those ordained to eternal life, that is (Acts 13:48)]. In the fullness of time however, the conviction becomes over powering until we close in with Christ. We simply list what the person undergoes which may indicate regeneration below: a. Conviction of sin, a discomfort with past actual sins. b. Sense of guilt over that sin. The degree of guilt may vary but there is certainly some amount of guilt. c. Self inability and in some cases helplessness and despair. d. Awareness of Gods lofty and inflexible standards of righteousness. Evangelical obedience67 Where regeneration has genuinely taken place, everything mutates for the better. The hostile antagonistic heart is replaced with a one that inclines towards the will of God. The new spirit thus implanted influences and leads the subject into paths of righteousness. At one time, the subject was naturally prone towards evil, wickedness and rebellion against any law or regulation. S/he lived for themselves and would not stop at anything to gratify their fleshly appetites and desires. Egocentrism, covetousness, envy, slander, gossip and immorality once dominated the person in question. More than that, the mind was inclined to thinking evil all the time as their ways were swift to shed blood if granted an opportunity but when the love and mercy of God appeared to them a like a flood, they were completely transformed. That strong egocentric will was conquered by invincible grace and willingly yielded to the love of God and now lives to serve Him. Paul would say of the Romans that the Gospel effectually called them to obedience (Romans 1:6) which was clearly evident to all little wonder the whole town was continuously talking about this instantaneous radical transformation. We emphasise that the change was radical rather than gradual as some erroneously teach that Christ may be ones saviour today and only later, Lord! But the Bible does not know or teach anything of the sort or type of Christian. It is either one is Christs or not at all. At whatever point, they delight to do Gods will and thus obey His law now that the law is no longer burdensome. Having been empowered by grace (i.e.
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Romans 1:6; I John 3:6

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after regeneration), the Christian is now able to deflect sin and temptations in addition to overcoming the world. A hypocrite cannot achieve such a thing (i.e. consistently overcome sin/temptation with a sincere right motive) because the seed of God does not reside in them. Holiness of life68 As part of evangelical obedience, the Christians attitude to the law is now completely altered from being adversarial to an ally. Although the law still does its established functions as highlighted in an earlier chapter, the Christian now no longer quarrels or dodges away from the law. If anything, the law greatly helps the Christian to aim for a higher standard of ethical and moral holiness. Their thoughts, actions, practice, motives and intentions are weighed against the touch stone of the Decalogue. The Christian constantly and consistently continues to renew their minds, mortify sin as well as progress in sanctification. Their best intentions are meticulously weighed and checked by the conscience which is no longer stifled but free to express itself. The Christian is eager, as it were, to cleanse himself from all their past sins and to establish a culture of inward and outward holiness. Holiness has to do with concentration, cutting off any impurities or anything that corrupts. Defilement of any sort of ones conscience or garments is avoided at all costs akin to a person wearing extremely snow white garments walking near a filthy pond. What that person does is to keep as far away from the dirty pond lest their garments be soiled. The other idea about holiness has to do with being set apart for a specific consecrated use. The Christians heart is washed and made new, fit to be used for the Masters purpose. They become vessels of noble use which in itself is counted a rare privilege. John would marvel in I John 3 that he along other saints had become children of God and exclaims ...and that is what we are! Beyond that he states that anyone who has this hope in him purifies himself from all more and spiritual filth. We can safely say that the saint is hyper sensitive to sin akin to a hair follicle invading the eye. Therefore, it is a misnomer to have one living in sin and yet claiming to belong to Zion. For all we know, children are like their parents in one way or the other, they cannot be mistaken to be the neighbours at all, unless some evil transaction happened somewhere so that they physically resemble the neighbour! But even if that were the case, the DNA test would eventually prove whose child they actually are! Genuine children dread, yea, tremble at the approach of sin because they have long discarded it from their system. They are done with sin and now live for God for without holiness no one will see the Lord. Someone has even suggested cyber holiness. The internet sites that a Christian visits matter much! Love69 At one time, prior to conversion, the Christian did not care or know the children of God. If anything, s/he despised and avoided such religious freaks who could not think objectively or
68

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Hebrews 12:14 John 13:26, I John 3:14

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realistically about life. The Christians were viewed as a deathly bore to hang around with and serious time wasters that spent all their time talking about a pie in the sky making them of no earthly use70 or relevance. They were perceived as ignorant and narrow in many respects though trustworthy in other areas like honesty and integrity. Thus life continued all their days, with the regular motions of occasionally attending church or some activities that demanded entering some sanctified place. Beyond that, the mysterious clandestine Born Again fellows were not the ideal sort to mingle with. But then a time came when they encountered the Lord Jesus Christ akin to Paul in Acts 9, when their hearts were radically transformed forever. In an instant, everything changed about them and surprisingly, they developed an unexplainable fondness and love for those same believers they once despised. Not only that, their love for God and His word became so strong that they wanted to be like Him, to please Him in every way. Further surprises were to come their way. They became tender hearted towards the poor, vulnerable and wanted to do something to help man kind in general. One of their aims was to have them (i.e. their objects of love and concern) experience the same grace that they had themselves experienced. The second was to lift them out of their state of misery, vulnerability and poverty. This led to voluntary acts of love. The Christian is one that is intimately connected to other saints and looks out for their good regardless of their background, status or location in the world. The shared bond is so strong to the extent that their blood relations cannot approximate to what the mutual love the Christians have for each other. If one saint is injured, then all the other saints are equally injured and will not move until the injured recovers and moves on. This writer has experienced all this in his brief walk in the faith because of the love of God that is shed abroad in our hearts by the mysterious working of the Spirit of God. The hymn Blessed be the tie that binds our hearts by John Fawcett (1740-1817) expresses this ideas very well. It is said that Fawcett had pastored a certain church in a particular locality but a time came when he sensed a call to another parish. Consequently, he had to relocate. When he first broke the news to the church among whom he had so lovingly and effectively laboured, they did not seem immediately affected but on the last day, having packed and ready to hit the road, the entire parish gathered to bid farewell. After giving his final address he turned to leave when suddenly, the entire assembly broke down just as he did, affected by their emotional response. They tearfully parted and he went on his way. That was a classic display of a strong mutual bond. Out of that experience, Fawcett bequeathed the world the classic hymn. Christ himself says that love is a mark of the Christian when he says by this shall all men know if you love one another71. This love is not only mutual but practical and can be demonstrated. A church that is saturated with love stands out in the world. It also attracts people to itself.

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Once a common saying in Christian circles in apparent reference to the ill balanced Christian partly due to a misunderstanding and splitting life into dichotomies-i.e. worldly or earthly. 71 John 13:35

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Fellowship72 Having been snatched from the clutches of Satan and sins jaws, the Christian flees the darkness to the light. S/he is Born Again into another spiritual family that they endear themselves to. New born babes thus devote themselves first to the Lord and then to Gods children. They long for the company of the holy and will not spare any effort to be with the ones they love, treasure and cherish men of kindred minds, as it were. Once, they delighted in the worlds filth and corrupt company but they do so no longer. Christians carefully choose their friends and seek to walk with the wise. Their best friends are believers who they clearly prefer. Church, once the last place they wanted to be associated with now becomes their new home. Whenever there is an activity, yea, even without being coerced or invited, they would rather be found in the Temple courts akin to what the Psalmist felt in the 84th Psalm. A person that thus claims to have been converted and yet does not love or covert Christian fellowship may as well stop masquerading as a saint because those that are transformed devote themselves to the fellowship of believers akin to what the saints in Acts 2:42 were. They crave for pure spiritual milk, as it were, which is only found among kindred minds. This writer has lodged with and yea, even housed some professing Christians for a considerable length of time and has concluded that not every one that names the name of Christ, attends church or is famous in religious circles is necessarily a saint. People espouse the Christian faith or let alone attend church for various reasons and motives. Some, attend because they find true love, realism and comfort among the redeemed of the Lord. Others attend church for economic benefits and thus find refuge for a season. Still others admire the way saints mingle and interact with genuine interest in each other. A myriad reason could be summoned but once these people get what they want, then their true colours then manifest. They have not changed at all, what has merely happened is that they are now able to stand on their own and can now assert their real character for all to see. One early sign of such imposters long before they depart is their inconsistency or non-committal to the fellowship of believers. They will often appear distant and at times too busy for the saints, at times even despising the holy. Two clear examples come to mind at this point. The first happened in the early nineties while the second early during the millennium years. At the time, I was a struggling undergraduate but a popular kid among the saints. I was invited to visit with some colleagues, a pack of saints who had bundled together to share costs and fellowship. It was a warm time for my soul to repair and edify my soul. One among the brethren though was conspicuously absent from the rest of the pack whenever we met to have a meal or devotions, as he was reportedly always working, though his colleagues in the same office were always home at the right time! Year later, long after that holy club had disbanded, that gentlemans cupboard was exposed for what it really was, and boy wasnt it filthy! Despite being socially intelligent, a good well instructed mind and professionally successful, he shipwrecked the faith. The second case happened early in my career
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Hebrews 10:25; I John 1:4ff; II Corinthians 6:14

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as an Accountant. A number of young men, coming out of the woodwork of sin converged at my house and I happily welcomed and housed them. As you may be aware, they were a pack of different individuals with varied views to life, much like herding cats! None the less, it was a joy to see the enthusiasm and longing they had for the things of God. They all appeared ready to vomit sin and drink in the milk of the word. For a time, all went well until one of them begun to show periodic inconsistencies, questioning obvious things and justifying the ways of the world. It soon became our chief occupation to restrain him from sin and wondered what breed of a Christian he was. The gentleman gave problem after problem and clearly, church was a drag for him but had to keep attending lest he lost his economic benefit from the team. Soon, Bible study and reading of scripture was abandoned though once asked about this, he gave rational reasons, some convincing while most, not so convincing. He lingered on none the less and eventually left our home to commence his own abode. Today, that gentleman scarcely mentions the name of the Lord. The question that begs answering at this stage is whether that young man was actually saved. For my part, I doubt whether he was truly converted despite showing some occasional and apparent evangelical signs of conversion. For one thing, he had a motive from the start. For another reason, he was sandwiched by saintly people all around him and once out of their orbit or influence, he had the opportunity to manifest his true character. Looking back, his averseness to Christian company and ecclesiastical fellowship were early indicators that he was merely in a marriage of convenience with the church. One prays that these two gentlemen see the light before they return to the dust. Growth73 When a child is born, one of the vital signs that they are alive is to cry. If the baby does not cry, it is made to cry one way or the other. If after attempting and the baby still does not respond, the midwife has reason to suspect that the child is still born or has no life in it at all. If the baby responds, there is joy everywhere as a new being has been added to the human Adamic family. Now suppose after ten years we return and find that baby still in its nappies, no teeth and unable to talk, what would we think or conclude? First, we would be startled and worried. Concern drives us to investigation until we establish the possible root cause. If however, we find the child grown and well developed, we will be excited and engage the child in some discussion with a view to establish how the child is faring and the extent of the development. The same is true in the spiritual arena. When a person is regenerated, they start off as mere babes in Christ taking strides to grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. None of us is born with a fully developed brain but learn new things as we grow. In the spiritual area as well, we progressively learn kingdom etiquette, language, codes, culture, and attitudes. We read the Bible and increasingly master the scriptures as well as adjust our minds in a manner that pleases God.
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II Peter 3:18, Hebrews 5:11

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Ten years from conversion, we would expect a measure of steady progress but would be disturbed if that were not the case. In case there is no progress at all, we conclude that a person is not converted. But if the progress is slow, then we identify the hindrances and root causes with a view to enable more growth. Christ alludes to similar sentiments in John 15 where the vine dresser prunes a tree allowing for more growth and fruit. Peter would say to his recipients of his final letter that they were to grow in the knowledge of God for that is not only proper but expected of every child of God. The writer to the Hebrews was somewhat frustrated at the slow progress of the people he wrote to and thus toned down in the way he wrote. Christians grow and never remain stagnant. Anything short of this is abnormal. Prayer74 A person that is alive will both perspire and respire no matter what their state, condition or location. Whether they are awake or sleeping, they will breathe. Another mark about living people is that they communicate with each other in one way or the other. The common is verbal mode as well as sign language. Another is written. Regardless of the means used, the goal is to communicate something. Imagine a world where you could not talk or express yourself to someone? For a while, it may be bearable but at some point, you simply break down! That is how we are as humans have to intermingle with others to remain sane. This is exactly what a Christian is in relation to God their Father. They cannot go through a day without talking to their Father in Heaven. A healthy Christian will frequently revert to the throne of grace to talk back to their God and Father, for he has not only saved them but adopted them as well. There is a serious bond which emanates from the mystical union we have in Christ. Thus, prayer is an expression and talking to the Father as one of the hymn writer (James Montgomery 1771-1854) has rightly said: Prayer is the Christians vital breath, The Christians native air, His Watchword at the gate of Death, He enters heaven with prayer The Christian trades with heaven in prayer and as it were, talks to the creator of the Universe. When a child is playing with friends outside, they occasionally run into the house to report or consult on some matters and then zoom out again to play. Why do they do that? We suggest it is because of that vital union and dependence the child has with the parents. The Christian, having been cleansed from their past sins cannot help but to delight in talking to their father or
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I Thessalonians 5:16 ff; Ephesians 6:10ff

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appearing in His presence. Anyone who is not a His child dreads the prospects of having audience with God. They do this in various ways including avoiding all prayer or inserting other mediators between God and them. The Church of Rome has inserted Mary while other religions have multiple deities. Not so the saint, they have access into the throne room of God because of a new and living way that has been made possible in Christ Jesus our Lord. Well said Fanny Crosby years ago in a hymn. Although blind most of her 95 year life time, she walked far closer to God than many Christians presently do. Despite having an extremely busy life, she valued her time of prayer with God and in the process churning out over 8,000 songs in her life time: Oh the pure delight of a single hour that before thy throne I spend When I kneel in prayer and with thee my God I commune as friend with friend Bible reading75 When a person falls in love with a potential life partner, they are often excited about them. Their talk is often laced with intermittent references with the person they cherish the most. When they receive a letter from them, how exhilarated they feel! The world seems to stand still as they patiently read and re read that sweet letter. More than that, they carefully preserve that letter repeatedly referring to it again and again as they go along in that love affair. For a while, all objectivity appears lost and this obsession feels really good and right! Similarly, when a person becomes a Christian, they increasingly love the scriptures so much as they are a love letter from God. The more they read scripture, the thirstier they become. If it were possible, they would abandon everything else in order to read this love letter in a calm restful environment. Each sentence brings out heart warming sweet juices as well as attract the reader to trace more juicy streams scattered across the Bible. The word of God is alive and holds such a powerful influence and effect upon their lives. Their happiest moments of the day are when they are meditating on the word of God or talking to God in prayer. When they arise from their quiet time, their souls are charged for the day and go out to do mighty exploits in the Lords name. A person that criticizes or scarcely reads the Bible is not converted at all, despite all their loud claims. For those that stick to the Bible for various wrong motives or detest it altogether, how can they possibly be Christians? For the Bible is the word of God written which speaks in every generation, context or time. The Psalmist would declare that the word of God was sweeter than honey to his soul and that he meditated on it day and night as an expression of his great delight in Gods word. The saint submits to the word of God and it is their chief delight and highest court of appeal in all matters relating to life and godliness.

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Acts 2:42; Psalm 119:62

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Philanthropy & good works76 Genuine Christians have a soft spot for helping out or supporting different causes whether in a movement, group or as private individuals. They derive immense pleasure & great fulfilment if they initiate or support legitimate social causes meant to advance the Kingdom of God, whether they are directly commanded by the word of God, implied or not. Although they will not aim to receive the praise themselves but give glory to God, they none the less do good to all men, especially those of the house hold of faith. Many Evangelicals fall short on this point because they overly emphasise justification by faith too much but neglect its offshoots77. As a result, very few causes have been initiated or supported by said Evangelicals in recent years. This is probably what the apostle James was wrestling with when he vehemently stated that faith without works is dead. He probably saw that the Christians were being inconsistent in the area of good works or mere philanthropic undertakings and thus took a swipe at such unchristian attitudes or practices. Todays church needs such a whip. However, there are others that have swung to the other extreme of the pendulum where they replace grace with works. That is damnable and lands many in Hell because they will have missed the bus to Heaven. The healthy Christian will not wait for a group or movement to do something tangibly kind or good to society but rather will use their resources to the glory of God, looking to God for praise not men. We are aware that some have tried to meticulously define and classify which are good works acceptable to God and which are not. We do not here venture to enter those polemics but our main point is that genuine Christians undertake philanthropic acts regardless of where they may be. The unbeliever may do the same good things but their motives and attitudes are wrong. One more thing worth mentioning here is that the saint diligently does these works voluntarily and cheerfully because they are labouring as unto the Lord not men. Evangelism78 One of the allegations that some quarters of the Christian faith have been accused of is the weakness in their evangelistic thrust. They do not sufficiently exert themselves nor show any leaning towards that end, the accusers argue. Arm chair criticism seems to be their chief trade mark instead of action, action, action! Those that demonstrate a serious effort in that direction are viewed with some suspicion and scorn, probably as extremists or some unstable minded fellows. Any hyper tendencies are to be loathed and avoided at all costs because they produce lopsided individuals. That said, every Christian should be evangelistic in outlook and normally
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Galatians 6: 9 Although one can actually argue that this doctrine is actually neglected in our day as evidenced by JI Packers write up on recent revisions on Justification. Actually, the doctrine needs to return to the core of all theology. The caution here however is said in the spirit of epistle by James where the saints veered to another extreme neglecting the ethical aspects and implications. 78 Matthew 28:16; Acts 5: 27-41; Acts 11:19; Acts 16:11-40the Acts accounts are historical and thus may not reoccur exactly but the principle is that we need to evangelise.

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characterizes the new born babes in Christ. Fresh from having been snatched from the dominion of darkness, their new found liberty is extremely exciting and overflowing to the extent that they cannot help but speak about the saviour. They readily and freely talk about the saviour and what he has done for them anywhere, any time. The exhilarating experience of sins forgiven drives them to lift high Christs royal banner and will not stop at anything to speak about him. If people ignore or do not pay attention, the compassioned filled Christian tries all sorts of ways to persuade men into the kingdom. Armed with little knowledge, they freely, sincerely spread abroad the saviours love and earnestly pray that people respond. But that is not all, they read materials related to evangelism, distribute tracts or position themselves so that they can share Christ. If they are not able to verbally share the gospel, they use other strategies such as living a consistently holy Christian life or share the gospel as they work with colleagues. Where ever they are, they know that God has placed them there for a purpose which they exploit to His glory. The Christian also attends Church based evangelistic efforts in whatever forms they take in addition to their personal efforts. This writer has been involved in about every legitimate method of church based evangelism and every time this was done, there was a sense of fulfilment that was appropriated. Mass pressure crusades and Hyper Calvinistic tendencies are loathed by the lively Christian who longs to see Gods kingdom expanded here on the earth. The message is simple, Christ and Him crucified! Spirit filled79 In regeneration, a person is baptised with or in the Holy Spirit. That is what marks them out as children of God (Romans 8:4ff). Having been thus engrafted into Christ, they must walk a consistent holy life to the glory of God which is only possible for the regenerate. However, the Christian needs to be constantly filled with the Spirit if they are going to live a normal Christian life as outlined in Ephesians 5. If they are to produce spiritual fruit and remain productive, they must keep in step with the Spirit which shows in the fruit emanating from their lives. For one thing, spiritual Christians will often be in the suburbs of heaven and yet extremely relevant to their generation. They will be diligent about the masters business and ensure that his name alone is lifted on high. For a detailed treatment of this subject, I recommend that you refer to my e-book The Spirit Filled Christian published by the Trinity Graduate School of Apologetics and Theology (TGS) in 2009. Growing hatred for sin80 As the Christian matures and conforms more unto the image of Christ, how their hatred for seen grows! Any sense or presence of defiling & polluting sin instantly spoils the soup because their
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Ephesians 5:16, 17 Romans 7:24, I Thessalonians 5:22

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entire day is disturbed by this awful presence of this enemy. When they first yielded their lives to the saviour, how relieved and exhilarated they felt! How freely they glided on the celestial wings granted to them by divine grace! They easily debugged sin and resolved to have nothing to do with it. For a season, sin appeared altogether defeated forever but alas, they had to eventually contend with its debilitating presence! Having valiantly fought it out of their spiritual radars, it made a sudden reappearance from impossible angles. How distressed they become! How displeased and affected they get! Half the time, they walk to Heaven always looking behind their backs as well as relentlessly keeping watch and Virgil so that they do not get outwitted. The constantly wear the armour of God and will not expose any vulnerable parts of their bodies or armour to the foe. While some abandon the faith and give up, the saint cries out beating their breast in bitter agony akin to what Paul expresses in Romans 7:24 but what keeps them sane and on course is the knowledge that He that is within them is greater than he that is in their world. And so although every approach of sin makes their soul tremble with disgust and discomfort, they none the less resolve to soldier on in the name of the Lord of Hosts. In short, they hate sin far more at this latter end than when their emotional well springs of liberty first expressed themselves when they arrived at the cross for relief. A life long struggle with sin At every turn, the Christian is confronted with various temptations and evil desires that war against their souls. Upon being washed by the Holy Spirit in regeneration, a Christian resolves, yea, longs to live a life of holiness, completely free from sin. The truce s/he once had with sin has been broken and an internal civil war of sorts erupts within his/her body. The battle will wage on throughout the Christians life as long as God lends them breathe. Every time sin makes an appearance and leaves a polluting effect, the Christian is most disturbed and would that the eye that caused them to sin is plucked out or that respective sinful organ. Sin is so hated that any appearance of it or suggestion to that end evokes a violent reaction from the saint. Sin is now their worst enemy and the saint will do all they can to keep away from it or keep it at bay. Time was when the Christian felt as though sin was no longer a threat but as they grow older or mature in the faith, they gradually find themselves wrestling with their once apparently paralysed enemy. Pauls words continuously echo in their mind that sin will not be their master on account of having died to sin but the opposite seems to be true, sin still exerts a powerful influence over their lives81. This fact has frustrated not a few saints, some to the point of wondering whether they are even saved! This reminder of the old mans tendencies consistently irritates and frustrates the saint to the extent of crying out with Paul in Romans 7:24-What a wretched man that I am! Oh what a mortal enemy the saint is up against! Progressive sanctification consistently takes place as the Christian wrestles with polluting sin.
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Romans 6:14

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Sanctification and conformity to Christ82 One of the traits relating to ones progeny is that they will have some characteristic features that point to their likeness. It could be the ears, nose, mouth, eyes or even their laugh. And yet the children are not exactly like their parents at birth and must learn some things from them. However, as they grow, they pick up ideas and habits from their environment but the dominant model is the parent most close to them. The same happens to a Christian hewn from a world of sin. When they are born again into a Spiritual family, they instantly start to take after their heavenly Father in thought, deeds, preferences and world view. The journey towards conformity to the Christian family norms is not easy, there are some pockets of resistance within the members of their body. The Christian has to wrestle with impediments and in the process grow to mature as well as conform to the likeness of Jesus Christ. As they grow in the faith, they keep renewing their minds and offering their bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God. Sanctification is both definitive and progressive which is possible by the aid of the Holy Spirit working in us. The Christian therefore never succumbs nor surrenders to anything that is poised to detract them from knowing God more, in the process being like Him. Mortification83 As mentioned in the previous two points above, the Christian fights against several enemies designed to ensure his/her down fall. Were they to fall into sin, the world would celebrate but as the combat rages hotter, the Christian loses some battles in the process but not the war. The Christian consistently encounters three enemies sometimes dubbed the evil trinity namely, the World, the flesh and the Devil. These three adversaries mean business and seriously want to fell the saint from his or her secure position in Christ but thanks be to God he has undergirded us with his omnipotent Spirit of grace. Further than wrestling with these enemies, the Christian engages in another form of sanctification process called mortification. In this work, the Christian works at cutting off those evil tendencies and their root cause towards sin. Although not easy or plausible, the Christian nonetheless engages in this painful, arduous, sweaty irreconcilable war against their own flesh. As the killing or crucifixion process progresses, the body consistently screams and complains calling for relief but to allow any traces of sins root to remain will only merely postpone the problem to another more damning time in future. Many an unbeliever has abandoned ship on that score (although strictly speaking holy sanctification on takes place in the regenerate) but this also serves as a distinguishing mark of genuine believers. Some of the holiest saints in history have left on record some of the fiercest mortification battles ever recorded which

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Romans 6:1-7; 12:1-3 Colossians 3: 5; Matthew 5: 29 ff

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many of us today would rationalise about or simply flee from! Mortification produces leaner, livelier, healthier and more agile saint. Spiritual obesity is loathed and thus avoided84. Justification85 When a person is regenerated, having been effectually called (i.e. the external as well as the internal call) they are subsequently declared legally86 righteous and thus acquitted from all charges arrayed against them, despite the facts having proved their guilt in the courts of Heaven. They are set free on the basis of the imputed righteousness of Christ that is freely given to them during the secret mysterious work of God. We cannot fully explain how or when exactly this Justification takes place but one thing is sure, all charges are dropped hence forth and the accused goes scot free. Justification is a legal declaration by God where God acts as judge rather than monarch because his law still is satisfied and thus remains just. A freely justified person has peace with God and is at liberty now to relate with God in a Father-Child relationship which was previously impossible. This Justification is instantaneous and thus happens only once, never to be repeated. A person realising this fact is certainly overwhelmed with joy and praise for God. The person not so Justified is not even aware of such provisions and thus remains in a state of death, some dreading all their lives while others not caring at all. The former is most grateful when they are set free because the terror of Law and of God with them87 can have nothing to do, as Toplady neatly puts it in a hymn. The fact of Justification by faith has been and remains the oasis in the desert for the sin weary soul needing relief. Humility88 Although closely connected to meekness and changed attitudes, humility none the less deals more with the inward disposition in relation to other people, regardless of whether they are converted or not. Humility has to do with deliberately and sincerely lowering oneself before a greater or lesser being whom they consider worthy of respect and honour. This has nothing to do with self esteem as such but more with the condition of the inner being. Humble people rarely clamour for attention or attracting attention as such but do what is right with a view that God will reward them. Paul talks about not thinking of oneself more highly than they ought to. In another passage of the same Philippians book, the apostle compares Christs humility who being in very nature God humbled himself by taking on flesh. When a person is converted, God becomes their centre of attraction and admiration while they regard others equally highly as themselves because
Romans 7:24, Galatians 5:12ff, Ephesians 6:10ff, I Corinthians 9:27 Romans 3: 21-23; 8:1, 29 86 Though some deviant theologians like Robert Brow reject the suggestion of a legal court (Roman court sort of arrangement) for justification claiming that St. Augustine was mistaken in his view because of his incorrect Latin source. N.T. Wright adds his own revision dimensions to Justification by faith. 87 The actual is me rather than them. Put it so for it to make sense in the context of our write up. 88 Galatians 5:22-23; Philippians 2:3; Romans 12:16; I Corinthians 1:26-31; I Corinthians 3:21-23
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they have been made in the image of God and thus precious in His sight. They relate with other brethren not based on ethnic background, tribe, race, status or class in society but based on the mystical union they share in Christ. Boasting is foreign to them. By that token, they can easily interact and mingle with anyone regardless of ones status, race or creed as pride will have been hurled out of their lives. There is now no room for boasting because all they have is from God from first to last. The many obstinate, bigoted, egocentric and boastful people claiming to be Gods children today may not fit into what the Bible regards as a genuinely regenerate person. The true saint would freely say that they are worms and frail children of dust, as feeble as frail. Charles Wesleys hymn Jesus Lover of my soul best describes them when it says Vile and full of sin I am, thou are full of truth and grace. A saint never forgets their indebtedness to God and dare not trust or boast in the arm of flesh. Whatever they are or will ever become is all of grace, from first to last. They will have received all good things by His mercy alone. Someone once protested against the hymn we have just quoted above and claimed that Wesley had a very low opinion of himself, for how could he have written as he did? That attitude betrays someones pride and probably is still a stranger to the grace of God. Wesley certainly knew better. Poverty of spirit and a desire to know Christ89 Hungering and thirsting for righteousness is said to be a characteristic mark of the healthy Christian. Akin to a deer that will not rest until it finally secures water, no matter how far it has to tread (Psalm 42), the new babe in Christ craves pure spiritual milk. They will not settle for anything less as they desire to nourish and grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. Having spent enough time in the world of sin prior to their conversion, they renounce all the works of darkness and seek to walk in paths of righteousness. They delight in, yea, long after the milk of the word because in it they find great satisfaction, fulfilment and sweetness. The scriptures are said to be as sweet as honey which alone attracts the hungry Christian. The years they spent in vanity and pride really made them waste many years chasing after the wind but upon regeneration, they realise just how poverty stricken they are in matters eternal and thus embark on a lifelong quest to know the Lord. The apostle Paul was many years in the faith and yet would unashamedly say that he wanted to know Christ! (Philippians 3:10). True Christians never get satisfied or self sufficient in things relating to their eternal souls. On the contrary, they daily discover that they know very little of their saviour after whom they pant with all their heart. A person that has correctly appreciated the grace of God in Christ will always be conscious of their continual dependence upon and need of the lord unlike the apostate who soon gets tired and vomits all they have acquired over the years. Not only do they long after Christ, akin to a bride anticipating the arrival of the bride groom, they also mourn for their sins since their consciences have been sensitized by the Spirit of God.
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Matthew 5 & Philippians 3:10

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Instantaneously altered World view90 Although people debate as to whether there is such as thing as a Christian world view, evidence both from scripture and subjective experience suggests that there is in fact a way to epistemologically look at the world. When a person is regenerated, one of the things that surprises even them is the radical mental shift in the way they perceive and judge things. Whereas prior to their conversion, they easily sin or stifle their ethical conscience, they soon discover that they cannot any longer do so with a clear conscience or previous impunity. Every time they go against the grain of Christian ethics, they cannot help but return to the throne of Grace again and again for forgiveness. What has happened is that there has been a paradigm shift in the way they look at the world. Having had a complete inward spiritual overhaul91 by the Spirits power, their Adamic world view has been completely altered as a result. The law that is written upon the tablets of their hearts since creation becomes more alive92 and active aiding the Christian to walk in the ways of the Lord. That said the Christian still needs to grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ, partly by the ongoing renewing of the mind as they seek to conform to the image of Jesus Christ through progressive sanctification. This is a life-long process and by no means easy or plausible at times. And yet it is a crucial requirement. The available means for strengthening the inner man or new world view comes through the means of grace such as Bible reading, prayer, fellowship as well as other broad reading interpreted in Theistic epistemic terms. A person therefore who claims to be a saint but has not changed a whit in their thinking and world view at conversion is merely playing religion and in need of saving grace. Transformed attitudes93 In addition to a changed world view, the inward disposition of a converted person is entirely altered. From a self to a God centred person. They acquire a realistic view to life and self worth. Gone are the days when they thought the world owed them something as well as revolving around them. With a transformed inner being, their newly implanted attitudes surprise not only the subjects themselves but the outside world. Their humility, gentleness, meekness, long suffering is not the usual traits that the world is accustomed to. The saint now freely walks the extra mile, offers the other cheek or their tunic which actions baffle the world. While the world may perceive meekness as a weakness, the saint feels indebted to God and whatever adverse experience they go through is not equal to the favours they have received in Christ. They bear with people and forgive as God in Christ has forgiven them. These transformed attitudes become
90

Romans 12: 1-3; I John 2:15; I Timothy 6: 10; Philippians 2:5ff; 3:20; Colossians 3:1-2 Robert Dabney uses the word renovation to describe this all pervasive inward transformation while others use the word activation 92 Or activated. 93 Romans 12:2ff; Philippians 2:1-5
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a marked feature of the new born creature in Christ. If anyone remains the same as they were prior to their purported conversion, then certainly they are still strangers to grace and thus in their miry bog of sin. It is shocking to encounter proud obstinate and self centred Christians in these degenerate latter days claiming to be Kings kids who are not accountable to or responsible about anything. They behave as spoilt uncultured brats in this world and thus bring shame to the name of the lord. Not so the truly regenerate soul, they want to please Christ at any and every point. Tastes94 At one time, the unbeliever loved, yea, relished fame, pride of life, boasting and being the centre of attraction. They loved the praise of men and often found themselves in wild parties (orgies) and indulged in debauchery which led to excess of about everything. They did not mind abusing substances or indulging a in a filthy lifestyle. The music, company, dress, movies and books that pleased them once were far from what would honour God or resemble anything of a transformed soul. But then a day came when they abandoned everything of those things that once dragged them away from God or his word. They now sought to fill their minds with lawful and spiritually helpful spiritual things. The things of the world progressively grew strangely dim by that token. As the word of Christ progressively dwelt in them richly, they loved the worldly things less while they followed after Christ with virgin devotion. The things of this earth progressively grew strangely dim as Christ became the object of their first desire. Despite the struggles they daily encounter with indwelling sin, they truly love God with all their heart, mind and soul after the inward man. The circle of sinful colleagues they once loved grows distant while they bond with the children of God with whom they share an eternal inheritance increases. Lying and laziness are violently hurled out of their lives as they embrace truthfulness, diligence and hard work. Hedonism is kept at bay but instead seek to do good to all men before thinking about themselves. What a transformation this is! The Television, phone or other gadget that once ruled their lives is no longer Lord and master of their lives. What they relish as important and desirable is radically altered forever. No longer will they be slaves of sex, beer or any other sinful thing in this world for Christ and Christ alone is the one that permeates through the whole of their being. He pervades every department of their souls. Inward witness of the Spirit95 A Christian is one in whom the Spirit of God permanently dwells and by him cry Abba father. These words are very deep words expressing an extremely intimate relationship. In this case therefore, the Spirit if God witnesses with the Christians spirit witnesses within that they are
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I Peter 4:2-4; Ephesians 4:17-32; Titus 3:3-5; I John 2:15; James (friendship with the world is enemty with God) Romans 8:16

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Gods children by adoption96. Since their heart has been transformed, the Spirit of God takes permanent residence in their heart in itself signifying that they not only are Gods temple but are his possession. Paul puts it beautifully in Ephesians 1:11-13 that a Christian has been marked with a seal, the promised Holy Spirit. Thus, when they doubt and go through different experiences, good or bad, the ever abiding Spirit of God assures them that they have Gods approval and belong to Him. This witness is a very powerful comforting factor for the Christian though subjective it be. All Children of God posses some measure of this assurance time and time again from the time they are converted. If this is absent, it could mean one of two things: either one is unconverted or they suffer from chronic lack of assurance of grace and salvation, in which case they must seek spiritual help. Desires and ambitions97 Time was when the subject, prior to regeneration, wished they could own the whole world at the cost of forfeiting their soul. What mattered the most was power, fame and influence above everything else. Regardless of where they were, whether in Church, the secular world or in private vocation, their goal was to gain this worlds praise and its benefits. The lust of the eyes, pride of life and earthly boasting were their distinguishing identifying badge and they lived for these. They worked extremely hard as well as used every trick in the book to get to the top regardless of what path they used. The end justified the means. Whether ethics were flouted, trickery used or corrupt avenues employed towards their goal, it mattered less. Half the time, their ambitions were larger than life and because of keeping company with the wrong people, they daily felt poverty stricken and wanted to get a little more money so that they could be happy, safe and secure, as it were. They were too busy for Christ or anything that he has to offer. If at all they did a philanthropic act, they wanted to be acknowledged publicly as well as have a chain of people who felt indebted to them. They had many boot lickers and by this they felt fulfilled. When they got converted however, all this changed. Of course they still work hard and have high ambitions but they now do all these things for totally different reasons. They seek to please Christ in whatever station or calling in life. Through the changing seasons of life, Christ remains the shining star in their lives. Their safety and self esteem does not rest in earthy pomp or prosperity but in the lamb that saved their souls. No longer do they do things for self glory or to be noticed but that Christ may be glorified as well as his kingdom extended. This is the Christian in whom the Spirit dwells! Diligence98

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Romans 8:16 II Corinthians 7: 11ff; Romans 7:14ff; I Thessalonians 4:10; Philippians 3:9-10 98 I Timothy 4:15ff; II Corinthians 7: 11

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When the Spirit descends in regenerating power upon a soul, what a radical change occurs! What mighty transformation results! It is like dynamite has detonated inside them and completely changed the inner landscape. The inward disposition, yea, inner man is completely altered and begins to love God with all their heart, strength and mind. All their best energies are therefore now directed at pleasing the Master who died for them. From being vessels of ignoble use, they ensure they position themselves to be transformed into vessels of noble use. What earnestness marks them out! What a holy sanctified resolve to break away from sin and all its polluting influence! What determination they demonstrate in positively doing things that both contribute to the expansion of Gods kingdom and also for the betterment of their own souls! Paul would say to Timothy to be diligent in the masters business so that he may show himself as a workman approved of God as well as to be above board. He was to be a living example of what it means to be actively engaged in some activity. Diligence involves a commitment to something as well as self exertion in pursuing that goal. We may further say that due diligence also carries the connotation of not sparing any efforts but turning every stone to ensure everything in your path is dealt with thoroughly with finality. Christians are thus diligent in all spheres of their lives, never lacking in zeal or slothful in business. They are as active and diligent at their respective vocations in life as they are at and around the Temple courts. Often times though, Christians fail to strike a balance. This may be acceptable in the first few months or years when one is a novice but not after that. Mistakes can be deadly with devastating effects. Zeal99 Before a person is converted, in many cases, they are usually passionate about something or at least intensely interested in something that rules over their lives100. They spend a lot of their precious time and will do everything to engage in that passion or activity. When they eventually become converted, that same fire they had for those other things is suddenly altered, sanctified and galvanised to be used for the Kingdom of God. With a changed mindset and world view, their desires will be to earnestly and unreservedly serve Christ with virgin devotion and thus, reserve their best energies for the advancing the Kingdom of God. Some of the indicators of this throb and zest (although varies in degree and expression from individual to individual) is warmth towards Gods people, visiting them, attending the means of grace, active in the local church, evangelistic, a drive to do far beyond what is expected and a consistency about their Christian character . Due to the heightened heart beat God-wards, they may make few mistakes as babes in Christ but their sincere and chief desire is to know Christ and Him Crucified. It does not matter where you place them on this terrestrial ball, they will tick and stand firm for Jesus Christ, whether alone in the Church, home, office, school or College, Christ will radiate brightly and warmly out of their heart. They seem to relish, enjoy their religion and are at their happiest
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Galatians 4:18; Romans 12:11 In our day, it could be sport, a vocation or some lawful hobby such as reading, research, music etc

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moments when they do the Masters bidding. We may say that they are aflame for Christ, ablaze, warm, resolute, self exerted, spontaneous and lovers of good things that promote Kingdom values. Not so the unregenerate soul! They not only do not see sense in religious activities but despise anyone that exerts themselves towards pious activities. Spend a short time with such people and it soon becomes evident that their hearts and minds are filled with Christ. Their earnestness is evident to all and will not stop at anything until they have obeyed the Lords word of being diligent in holy business. This burning desire to serve God is guided by knowledge which makes the heart the warmer towards Christ as the person matures in the faith. Although they may change their methods and strategies of doing something over the years, their one chief goal remains to know Christ and the power of his resurrection! Peace with God and others101 One of the inevitable results of being regenerated in peace with God for all their sin is totally and finally dealt with in Christ Jesus. Once alienated from God in Christ on account of Adams sin, the newly converted soul is, as it were, reconciled to God in Christ. With all their previous charges dropped and Christs imputed righteous on them accepted by God, they now walk in the newness of life with all liberty and joy. Not only do they have peace with God, they also possess the peace of God in their bosoms that surpasses all understanding. No eye has seen nor ear heard of the marvellous things God does for a person in Christ Jesus. As a response to this overwhelming love of God, the Christian cannot help but be at peace with all men as far as it depends upon them (and thus peace makers between colleagues in relation to themselves, each other and God). They offer restitution where it is due and necessary akin to what Zacchaeus of old did. They climb trees to see Jesus and invite him into their lives to be Lord and saviour. Accepting him as saviour now and then Lord later does not arise because these two flow together like hand in glove. They cannot talk about a saviour they do not respect or obey for that would be to throw scorn upon his finished work on the cross. Nay, they glide from one level of joy to the next and delight themselves in the Lord. The saint is happiest if s/he is at peace with God and his neighbours as this pleases God and soothes their consciences. The Unbeliever or hypocrite for that matter does not care about such things! They live for themselves rather than God. The saint on the other hand scatters light, warmth and love where ever they go. Gentleness102 In addition to meekness and humility, the Spirit filled Christian is gentle with themselves and others. Although they do not condone sin for any moment, they are extremely sensitive and careful how they handle other people whether they are Christian or not. The hypocrite is gentle
101 102

Romans 8:1; Philippians 4: 7-9; Romans 12:16;Matthew 5: 9 Galatians 5:23

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to those whom they prefer and like while rough and bigoted against those they dislike. Not so the person who has been washed from their past sins. Once they come into the glorious liberty of the cross, they cast off their past ways and attitudes in relation to their previous life styles and now put on the lord Jesus Christ. Those that once knew them get startled and initially suspect that their born again friends are ill on account of their radically altered way of treating their colleagues. Not only do they display gentleness in how they do things or treat others, their choice of words as well as how they come across to other people is entirely different. Their words are seasoned with salt and incredibly edifying to those hearing them or merely listen to them talk. Perseverance and patience103 The Christian faith is not for the faint hearted. Only those that have truly been touched by God in a saving way persevere to the end and endure much adversity with an incredible amount of patience. Despite the struggles with the world, flesh and the Devil, the regenerate soul contends with challenges outside their bodies. Pockets of resistance, persecution or opposition arrayed against them repeatedly surface and affect the Christian. They have to put up with far much more than face the average human being because they are constantly in combat with various issues confronting them. The normal thing would be to give in or give up in preference for the easier less costly option, the Christian stands firm and labours on for the glory of God. For a long time, things may not be rosy and in fact progressively become worse compelling the saint to soldier on while their character progressively formed and refined in the fire in order to prepare them for Heaven. Nothing moves them from their virgin commitment and devotion to Christ. They possess the same Spirit that the apostle Paul exhibited in Acts 21:13, ready not only to suffer but to die for Christ also. They have made up their minds, whatever betides. Submission to and trusting God Many people tend to trust in their own abilities and competencies. As they progressively prosper, they less and less rely on the Lord. They will not accept anything that will stand in their way and will do whatever it takes to have their way. They trust in the arm of flesh as well as boast about themselves. However, upon regeneration, they realise that they can do whatever they do only through Christ that strengthens them. Much more, they learn to have a loving simple trust in God believing that he will provide all their needs in Christ. While they work extremely hard and exert themselves, they never lose sight to the fact that God gives them the grace to accomplish whatever they achieve. They are responsible for whatever decisions they make as well as ensure that they are within Gods will, to bring glory to Him alone. When things do not work according to plan or expectation, they learn to humbly submit to Gods will knowing that He does all things

103

Acts 14:22

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well and that for their good. Romans 8:28-30 characterizes them. A detailed treatment of the Christians attitude to Gods will is attached in the appendix. God glorifying and Christocentric104 Prior to ones conversion, they no doubt do many things, good or bad. The only difference is that their motives and attitudes for doing those things are egocentric. When they do eventually become regenerated however, one of the resultant effects is that they cease to live for themselves but for Gods glory. In the language of the apostle Paul, they no longer live but Christ lives in them as he leads and guides them by His Spirit. Keeping in step with the Spirit, the Christian is always alert and alive to the fact that they have been bought at a price and must thus live for His glory and honour at every turn. They are no longer slaves to sin but to righteousness having been redeemed from the slave market of sin. Thus, when they are engaged in spiritual duty or some service, Christians will do all things with sincerity of heart as unto the lord, whether the eye of man is upon them or not or touch. This translates into hard work and excellence in whatever their hands find to do. Not only in their work or ethical lives, their closet is full of prayers that flow from a sincere heart which only God can judge. Self examination is therefore common place, much like what holy MCheyne used to do. God receives the glory in whatever they do. This obviously goes against the grain of contemporary Christianity whose values are the oppositepeople seek their own glory rather than Christs. Much more than that, Christ is clearly visible in their lives as they move around like living memorials of Christ. They are indeed trophies of Grace as letters of Christ read by the whole world. Some people may never pick up a Bible to read but the best read they have is the Christians life. Some of the greatest impressions people have about our faith is what we display in our lives. There was an elder in a church this author once attended for several years. The distinguishing feature about this elder was their Christocentric-ness in all they deed. Their inward disposition was clearly full of Christ and flowed out to the rest of the world like a sweet fragrance. Thus, we rightly dubbed him the Seraphic elder. That is what a Christian is and ought to be. Soberness and clear mindedness Prior to conversion, life does not have a purpose or direction but as soon as the heart is transformed, the mind becomes enlightened and begins to ask pertinent questions relating to destiny and meaning of life. Happily, the saint soon discovers that the Bible has addressed all these matters and now, they can think clearly through things. In the language of the shorter catechism, the saint soon realises that Mans chief end is to know God and enjoy him forever. Thus, his/her chief delight revolves around the will of God from which they derive immense fulfilment. But more than that, the Christian ceases to be wasteful of resources (including time)
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I Corinthians 10:31

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and begins to redeem the time as well as walk circumspectly on this terrestrial ball. Prudence and biblical thinking marks their ways. We can safely assert that a Christian possesses an unusual wisdom, insight and discernment into matters that they would ordinarily have not possessed if they had remained in a state of sin. That does not necessarily mean they become the cleverest or wisest fellows on the block but rather that they make better quality decisions and actions. Peter captures this thought very well in the fourth chapter of his epistle where he states that the unbelievers find it strange that the saint does not wilfully plunge into the sinful pleasures they once relished. Instead, they are sober, steady and clear minded so that they can pray. Joy When a person becomes converted, one of the unmistakable signs and may we say, evidences is Joy, the joy of the Lord that comes as a result of the Holy Spirit indwelling a soul. As opposed to happiness which is contingent on outward circumstances, joy is a fruit of the Spirit and thus inward. Its source and origin is in God as shed abroad in our hearts. Nehemiah would say that the Joy of the Lord was his strength in the midst of trials round about him105. Deep in the throes of discouragement, betrayal and declining morale, the servant of the Lord soldiered on as he galvanised his kinsfolk during the rebuilding of Solomons Temple, with the city walls being completed within 52 days! Joy fires the heart and gives strength to the bones in the midst of affliction. It also regulates the saint in their happiest moments because the true source of their joy is delighting in the Lord. The unbeliever therefore cannot be said to possess joy in the same sense the saint is because the saint is indwelt by divinity while the other remains in the sleep of death. Both the saint and sinner may experience happiness but not the joy of the lord. Reality, sincerity and down to earth The regenerate soul is most real and down to earth. They do not claim a higher status or position than they are legitimately warranted and would rather take the lower sit than pump their ego in public. Although they will diligently exert themselves in their lawful vocation and at times excelling all others, they remain the same simple old self, approachable and real about things. While the unbeliever glories in the high status pretending to be something big in society when in reality they are paupers, practically not able to even employ a servant. The saint on the other hand employs sincere motives when about their business whether in the sanctuary or away from it for the whole of life is worship to God, as far as they are concerned. The dichotomy that bugs some post modern saints which has Gnostic tendencies (i.e. dividing life into spiritual & Natural) is absent with them because whatever they have or will ever possess is from the Lord

105

Nehemiah 8:10b

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and unto His glory alone. Further, they will not engage into escapist tendencies or reality106 denials that is ever so common in these degenerate days. Very well then, we have graphically sketched some vivid characteristics of a regenerate soul, it is only fitting that we similarly sketch a picture of the opposite extreme so that we have a contrast for both comparison and information purposes. Many a professor often ignores these traits to their spiritual ruin. This should not be the case for you because you have been forewarned in this volume. Let us then proceed from here. Some marks of non-regenerate souls In a day where many people are religious (in the developing world) while others are largely irreligious (e.g. in the developed world), it is critical that we trace the actual marks of the unregenerate soul. By identifying or highlighting these marks, some obvious while others somewhat surprising, we will do ourselves great service to put our fingers in the right place. This section highlights some of the unmistakable characteristics as listed below: Worldliness107 (Predominant love of the world: secret or public): The unregenerate mind is filled with the things of this life and adheres to the standards of this world. This mind will do any and everything to ensure that its egocentric wants and desires are fully satisfied. It will defend the world and is deeply wedded to the standards and thinking of this world. In the post modern context such as the one in which our lot falls, relativity is the currency of the times. Absolutes and inflexibility about views are detested and despised. In a humanistic evolutionary controlled world, everything is in flux and may not be static forever. What was viewed correct and good in one generation will not necessarily be so in the next. Thus, when the Bible comes along and defines what morality and righteousness is, the humanistic mind dismisses the Bibles claims as being archaic and out of step with the times. The word world is used in different senses in the scriptures which includes the following: 1. The physical globe where all vegetation and living things live and move. The seas and oceans are found on this planet. 2. The known civilized location such as Rome or Athens as the case might be. This the sense in which Paul uses the word in Romans 1 for instance. It is said of the lord that the whole world went followed him often when he preached 3. Humanity in general and sometimes in totality. This is used in some passages of scripture where the entire human race is alluded to.

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Care must be taken here in our understanding of reality because it may mean something else to the atheist or empiricist. I John 2:15

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4. The last is the system and way of thinking. Humanity operates in a particular way and may be referred to as the way of the world or worldly. Thus, when we refer to worldliness, we talk about the last point where a person is so baptised in that way that the whole of natural humanity thinks. Thus, without the Spirit, a person will only be concerned about the things of this world, in the here and now. They will have no eye to eternity at all and spare no efforts to gain what the world wants and expects of them. Another example would be the fear of mans opinion and peer pressure, the desire to fit into a given context even at the cost of disobeying Gods command. Laying up treasures on the earth108: The worldly mind only primarily thinks uni-directional, to accumulate as much as possible of what the world has to offer. This world indeed offers many things and pleasures such as the ones shown to Christ on the mount but these come at a cost. The worldly mind does not spare any efforts but zealously hurtles along to lay up treasures on this earth as if they will never die. For a moment, they appear to be immortal and pride is their necklace because of the wealth that they accumulate. They live for the now and give no thought of eternity. Wealth, property, pleasure and money makes their days without which, they feel empty and stranded. They must have what their hearts yearn after at all costs, whether by hook or crook. The humanist can be placed in this category of those that believe in self indulgence and enjoyment while they have breath because tomorrow they die. The apostle captured part of this way of thinking when he stated Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die. The more they accumulate the more pleased and puffed up they become, always looking for ways to make an extra dollar at the cost of their very souls. The Christian on the other hand will also accumulate wealth where possible but this will be done in an ethical manner which not only pleases man but God as well. They will engage in clean transactions, responsible and philanthropic with an eye to please the lord. If a Christian prospers in physical terms, they throw their weight behind the church hoping to advance the work of Christ while God lends them breath. How different the unbeliever is from the saint! Love for this present world109: Although connected to the first point under this head, this point rather focuses on the LOVE of this present world rather than mere way of thinking as highlighted in the previous point. A person who does not know the Lord lives for themselves and tenaciously holds on to the temporal things that this vain world has to offer. To have what they want and desire, they will cheat, steal, kill or malign other people. Even much more, they will involve themselves in trickery as well as live double standards of life. People who love this world will not part with what they love, no matter what it costs them, even to the point of death. They will accumulate as much of the worlds goods, boast in those things and live a lavish lifestyle far
108 109

Matthew 6:19-24 2 Timothy 4:10

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beyond their means. This sometimes leads them into debt or live an extremely thrifty life so that they might hoard just a little bit more! Such people would rather sink with a sack of diamonds tied to their necks than to throw the extra weighty diamonds over board so that the ship may survive. They run for the things of this world even to the point of destroying their health. Such is the deep love of the world exhibited by the unbeliever! The Christian on the other hand works extremely hard and smart in order to obey the Lord as well as generate wealth so that they can contribute to the extension of Christs kingdom. Their motives are right and do not get clouded or captivated by the worlds way of thinking. They hold on loosely, as it were, to the things of this passing world. Demas of old stands as a monument from where we can learn a negative lesson. Having begun and ran well for a season in the faith, he eventually made ship wreck of his faith. We scarcely hear anything about him after that spiritual desertion in II Timothy 4:10. Scorn and hatred for strictness in religion: Unbelievers hate and despise strictness in religion. They are content with generalities and ambiguous views or statements. Anything that exerts some demands on them especially touching on their creature comforts must of necessity be debugged from their horizon. Any strictness and standards in matters of religion is seriously burdensome and complained against as an infringement on their rights. Such people as antinomians and hedonists cannot countenance any regulation from Gods law. The law of God is accordingly burdensome and a wet blanket on their wildest desires. They will find all sorts of excuses to throw mud at Gods word and prefer to major on the grey areas of the Bible rather than what is clear. They generate a lot of heat and debate year after year and do not seem to make any spiritual headway in matters eternal. God is viewed as the unjust judge who intrudes into peoples privacy with his archaic laws. Thus, the unbeliever raises his green ugly head and fist against the Lord almighty. This type of people is not only found in the world but in the church as well. They have filled our theological faculties and hijacked entire churches and denominations to do their bidding. Such people can thus safely be called ravenous wolves clad in sheeps clothing. Furthermore, this cadre of people despises those that love the lord who humbly submit to His will. The devout are secretly despised and opposed by the unbelievers. In a predominantly religious context like Zambia, hatred towards Gods word or opposition to it is not manifestly obvious or universal as people have some kind of reverence. Thus, their hatred and opposition to the word of God will come in subtle ways such as claiming that Christians are dull, unrealistic or not sharp enough to fit into this modern world. The Christian is viewed as second rate and sheepish or backwards and one that disrupts deals. The unbelievers may not in that case physically murder the Christian but use other means such as engineering their removal from some key position where the Christian has been blocking pilferage. In other cases, they will frame the Christian so that he or she in implicated in a shameful scandal and thus bring shame to the name of the Lord. In a predominantly secular society where God is not respected or looked up to, the system itself works against God. Laws are passed that have nothing to do with God or laws that prohibit the freedom of worship as it is the case in Islamic nations. In a purely
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humanistic secular state, Christianity is opposed from all fronts claiming that it is no different from any other religion. If one insists on the gospel claims, they are marked out and marginalised systematically. Thus, many godly people are constantly living in fear of what will be done next against their freedom of worship. That said unbelievers secretly hate strictness in religion giving it names like fundamentalism or extremism....A typical example of an unbelievers reaction to the law of God: It is monstrous to be told, that you have a heart as sinful as the common wretches that crawl on the earth. This is highly offensive and insulting; I cannot but wonder that your ladyship (Huntingdon) should relish any sentiments so much at variance with high rank and good breeding...I shall be most happy to accept your favourite preacher (Whitefield), and shall wait your arrival. The Duchess of Queensberry insists on my patronising her on this occasion; consequently she will be an addition to our party110. In this post modern era, people can scarcely stand a 45 minute sermon, because it is a dead bore to them! Many surveys and statistics have been published which suggest that the sermon is not effective, obsolete and out of step with the times111. They suggest that this should be replaced with other compromised methods but this must not be because its mandate (preaching) and origin is in the word of God! The tool may not be effectively used but not certainly blunt once inspired by the Holy Spirit! Not submitting to Gods law and hostility to it112: When people do not have God in their lives, they have someone else as their master. Their allegiance at that stage is total and undivided but when the law of God comes along, it suggests that their loyalty must change. Because of its sting and strictness, the unbeliever reacts and attempts to snuff out the word of God. This is hardly surprising because the scriptures are very clear in relation to this matter. The Bible says that the unbeliever is not only blinded in the futility of his thinking, he is also violently opposed to God and his word. Try one time to start talking about God in a context where people are clearly sinning against God and see the reaction they give you! Some will give you a threatening angry look because any talk about God reminds them of their accountability as well as how they owe him everything. The proud natural heart hates, yea, detests any suggestion that there is a God out there who created the well ordered and designed world. This sounds nonsensical and rubbish to such as mind because evolution seems to have answered every question that mankind needs. Another example will do and then we move on to the next point. For six days people are free to do whatever they wish to do but any suggestion of devoting one day of rest out of seven to God will evoke violent reactions from all quarters! Why is this? The reason is simply because the natural mind is constitution hostile to God.

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....pp 132 Volume I George Whitefield, words of the proud Duchess of Buckingham Refer to lecture by Klaas Runia, What is preaching according to the New Testament?, Tyndale Biblical Lecture, 1976 112 I Corinthians 2:14b; Romans 8:5ff, this includes rejecting the Bibles authority, veracity and inerrancy

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Rationalisation113on serious matters: The times in which we live are interesting times indeed. Everything is relative and no absolutes are tolerated. Thus what one views as important or correct may not necessarily be the case for the next person. With the Bible hurtled out of many a life, there are no standards or benchmarks any more. In this case however, we refer to those that know what the Bible says exactly on a given case but chose to offer excuses or reasons of indulging in what they please. For instance, a person attempting to justify polygamy will quickly revert to the Old Testament to the case of Solomon or David and argue that God surely must understand that men need more than one lover to survive! Other cases of rationalisation relates to prostitutes who are now respectably called sex workers alleging that they offer a service to the community! The Gay movement is another clear case of rationalisation because they sin against the light adducing all sorts of justifications and reasons for their defiance against the word of God. To cover up for their sin, they peddle the idea that the word of God does not prohibit homosexuality but what the abuse of it! Others even go so far as to claim that the Bible is old fashioned and therefore not accurate to competently comment on such matters! Yet another case of rationalisation is that of the Death penalty. Although this matter is admittedly highly contentious, most people who argue against that law do so from a humanistic point of view rather than from a Biblical premise. Suppressing (and rejecting) the truth of God114: This is the dark mark of the times. Although the world knows the just standards of Gods law, they deliberately ignore it as though not valid or correct. They claim to be neutral and atheistic and yet the truth of the matter is that there is no neutrality in this world. In fact, the unbeliever has so structured his systems in all areas of operations in such a way as to oppose anything suggesting Divinity. This is evident in some of the pronouncements coming out of our courts of law in our land. The interpretation of the law is so relative because people believe that the constitution is a breathing and living document. Thus, the Judiciary has usurped the Legislatures function of making laws but does both the making and interpretation of the law. The ancient tried and tested ways (i.e. separation of powers and independence of various government arms) among the Legislature, Judiciary and Executive has been abrogated in preference to what the humanistic eye wants to see, in the name of justice. Another way in which the unregenerate mind suppresses the truth is to allow clearly sinful things to have a hearing and be on equal footing with what God has ordained. Although God has written his law on the tablets of all human beings, people wilfully reject what God commands and expressly ask Who is the lord that I may obey him? akin to what Pharaoh of old did.

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A lot of this comes across in the post modern era, people rely on their intellect rather than faith. Biblical thinking is rare, far and little between. Errol Hulse (Postmodernism: Attack on the heart of Biblical Christianity) and Klaas Runia (What is Preaching according to the New Testament?) have well analysed the times coming up with sound conclusions. Their works are well worth perusing through). This is definitely the characteristic nark of the times! 114 Romans 1:18-32

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Insincere and wrong motives: At times, the unregenerate can be very interesting in that they go ahead to do a lot of things with wrong motives. Sometimes they think they are sincere and yet the sinful nature has deceived them into thinking that they are doing things without any ulterior motive. They may even be extremely religious and do great things in the church of Christ, which even the godly, appreciate. However, a close analysis viewed from the touch stone of scripture will eventually reveal their veiled egocentric motive attached to it. Unbelievers want to be seen as helpful, loving, sincere or disinterested in what they do when actually they long to be recognized and feted. The evidence vividly manifests when they are ignored as relates to what they think they had a deep stake in. They frown, become bitter and eventually have nothing to do with that matter altogether. Next, a flood of malice and insults is unleashed akin to what Sanballat and his colleagues did in the book of Nehemiah. Their real motives are tested at that stage. Make no mistake to assume that an unbeliever will ever do anything with a clean and pure motive. There is a catch somewhere. The writer recalls one incidence several years ago early in his ministry. He was joined by a number of people to set up a church. Among them was a set of diligent looking people that did about any and everything (great and amazing exploits we must say!) to ensure the church was vibrant, up and running. And for sure, this happened but what was not communicated to these folks is that an initial group of saints had been instrumental to the initial setting up of the church though they left earlier than that latter group of people arrived. That initial group covenanted among themselves to ensure that the church remained on a Reformed path no matter what succeeding generations did. When the initial short history of that local congregation was published in a periodical, the said group of people were greatly stumbled and quit the church returning to their vomit. This incident puzzled this author but later realised that the motives with which that group had come with into the church was to be heaped with praise and recognition115, which thing did not occur in the manner they expected it. In as much as we ought to be gracious and sensitive how we acknowledge people, the unregenerate mind will never accept anything less than what their initial veiled motive or desire. Love of ease and pleasure (Hedonism116): Another sign is the predominant love of ease and pleasure. Unbelievers will always gravitate to where things appear attractive, simple and easy going with no rules or responsibility attached to their actions. If the rules appear inhibitive, they definitely abandon or avoid such a scenario. Churches that offer nice food and creature comforts will soon have crowds flocking to their congregations. Equally, churches that emphasise outward material prosperity comfort and reward are jammed with blessing seekers. Since the church officers also have an agenda, they will craft all their messages in such a way as not only to drain
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Although we must hasten to state that it is good and right to offer accolades to colleagues doing a fantastic job but it becomes a problem when this praise is sought as of primary importance by the accolade recipients. This appears to have been the case at the church in question. 116 Though John Piper talks about Christian Hedonism (i.e. to enjoy God) we however use it here in the literal natural usage of the word with respect to egocentric sensual indulgence etc.

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peoples pockets but give them what their itching ears want to hear. In such scenarios, the word of God is laid aside in preference for motivational speaking or at best, selective preaching of the Bible passages. This comes across as evangelical when it actually is trickery dressed in evangelical garb aimed at extorting money out of naive gullible people. That said, this environment breeds an army of people that love to have an easy time as opposed to hard or smart work. They want to gain where they did not saw. Furthermore, they want to reap sweet where they did not sweat. The scriptures demonstrating blessings are efficiently summoned without reading or understanding them in their rightful context117. This skill has attracted thousands into churches in the developing world, since no one wants to remain in the clutches of poverty. The hedonist may not be in the church only, they are found everywhere. In this individualistic capitalistic context, the generation X and Y increasingly want instant gratification as well as reward for their work. When they get their due, their priority is to own big cars, luxurious mansions, best clothing, Jewry, best food alongside the pomp and show that goes with it. Everyone naturally desires such a life style and aspires after it but what is troubling about this ambition is that it is not regulated by Gods word or his law. The subject lives to enjoy themselves without any care about the plight of others. When and if they do offer some help to the despised poor or donate to the church, they give out of their abundance. They change from their shopping is what drops into the offering bag rather than what affects them. If their creature comforts are threatened in any way, the said subjects swiftly mutate strategy, even if it means violating all the ethics of good practice. Orgies, debauchery, swimming in pleasure and having a good time marks them out and by that token have no time for this worlds paupers. James and John talk about love of the world and pleasure. (I John 2:15, James 4:4). The fellows at Mars Hill had hedonists among them-The Epicureans118. Unbelief and twisting scripture119: This mark is very subtle because it comes veiled in very complicated translucent garb. One can scarcely detect or see through it unless they have clear spectacles that make the opaque seduction transparent. This calls for clear thinking and knowledge of what you are talking about or believe. Unbelief may be bold and direct or veiled hidden and subtle. For the former, it is easy to detect but for the latter, it takes a bit more analysis and meticulous thinking to tease apart. Many times, the subtle unbelief is meshed and mingled with truth. Thus, when someone twists the scriptures to mean what they want it to say or communicate, they will do so in a very clever smart way so that they have their way. Such twisting mostly thrives where ignorance has found a comfortable home. Tragically, many saints are deceived unless they have a wide campus of scripture as well as discerning. The person thus engaged in deliberately twisting the scriptures does not have reverence for God or his written word which clearly shows that they are strangers to grace. To turn the scriptures into a jig saw
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E.g. Deuteronomy 7:14,15; Jeremiah 29:11 or some other Marketing gimmick Acts 17:18-21 119 I Timothy 4:1-4, sadly, this twisting is ever so common today
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puzzle is a sign of suspicious motives. Many of these imposters and liars prefer the scriptures that appear difficult to interpret or unlock such as the apocalyptic books. They will major there and focus on things that are not essential to salvation, although it is equally important to know what the whole Bible says. In these latter degenerate times, these twisters have become bolder than ever to the extent of even venturing in clear waters offering alternative interpretations to the Bible which the authors never meant or intended to communicate. Thus, entire churches are led astray and thus have weak ethical practice as a result. This deceit and deliberate twisting of scripture is a form unbelief. Despite the many warnings, many saints sadly elect to remain ignorant and thus pay heavily for this. That said, a myriad others do not even mince their words when they declare that they do not believe in the existence of God. Although they may not engage in any clandestine activities to extort money out of people or lead them astray, they none the less zealously transmit false hood about their convictions. Love of worlds praise: As human beings, we naturally love to be noticed, acknowledged and praised somehow. However, there are some who primarily live for this, to be well thought of and to be loved at any and every cost. To get this praise and applause, people will engage in about anything such as organisational politics, unethical practice as well as mudslinging others so that they appear the good ones. The Bible warns if one perpetually coverts after and gets the worlds praise at the cost of their souls. The non regenerate will not ordinarily stop to think through the ethical implications of their actions as long as it benefits them in some way. If they will potentially draw the greatest praise and notice from the world, then they will do anything without much ado or due care. If the lime light goes to another, the unbeliever will gnash his teeth with envy, jealousy and disdain against the other person. Some do amazing things that leave the world stunned long after they have left the life centre stage. This attitude has even ascended into many pulpits today where preachers water down their messages so that they may retain their popularity among men. Any rough edges to their sermons are chiselled out so that only what the itching ears want to hear remains and goes to the world. Double standards/hypocrisy (double lives): It is amazing how that in these latter days, people are frequently caught pants down living double lives! While in the one, they are considered holy, up right and family loving, in the other, they are dishonest, adulterous and egocentric. How they efficiently and seamlessly simultaneously juggle these two masks for many years is beyond explanation. That said, they succeed for many years before what one would term a silly mistake betrays them, opening up the Pandora box for the world to see. At other times, some perfect the art so well that only the last day will reveal to the shock of everyone. Hypocrites have this skill to juggle two different lives and yet get the best of two worlds. In the event that they are discovered in this life, the saints are left at a loss as to whether the person was truly a Christian or an imposter all along. The bottom line is that it is we ourselves who know exactly what we truly are before God. The eye of man may be beaten clean and deceived but not God. A genuine
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Christian will never be comfortable in or happy with such a hypocritical life while the unbeliever has no qualms about it. Their seared consciences are perfectly at peace and view this act as cleverness or a witty strategy. Unmortified pride120: This is the characteristic mark of the times and finds fertile ground both in the church and the world. It is especially evident among youths that believe in expressing themselves because it is their right! That said, pride comes in various ways and expresses itself in different ways. One way is to assert itself so as to be noticed. If that expected notice is not granted, the person becomes extremely infuriated and will not cooperate. They will go to great lengths to cause havoc in the community, office or church until the attention they desperately desire is granted. Some would like to be elders, deacons, managers or people of high influence and will do any and everything to achieve their objective. Their motives are questionable once weighed against the touch stone of scripture. Humility is viewed as weakness in their minds and anyone who approximates to that description is despised and avoided like a plague! Young men are especially susceptible to this vice because they feel that the world should revolve around them and anything short of that generates problems. In the name of being Kings Kids (Gods children), many religious people exhibit some of the worst forms of pride which leaves one wondering whether the grace of God has taken effect in their lives. Unbelievers have pride as their necklace and make all sorts of boasts as well as insult anyone who dares cross their path. Self sufficiency: In a way, self sufficiency is a form of pride because someone is declaring in one way or the other that they do not need God at all. At the turn of the millennium (i.e. 2000), humans declared boldly that they did not need God and were in the post Christian era. They physically demonstrated this by building a huge Dome in the UK where the history of the world was documented stage by stage. The Christian faith was viewed as a mere epoch in the evolutionary process of the human beings effectively declaring that believing in God was basically nonsensical. This was one bold claim to self sufficiency and not seeing the need of any divine help. In fact, the post modern mind accepts about anything including witchcraft as part of freedom of expression! Whereas in the modern era, many denied the existence of God, the latter era accepts any and everything. The physically prosperous person does not see the need or reasonableness to pray to God because they have about everything they would ever need here on this terrestrial ball. All they have to do is click the button and what they want appears before them in a flash. Technological advancement, the increase of knowledge, rising quality of life, discoveries of remedies to previously menacing diseases, creation of functional synthetic cells through human ingenuity all have contributed to human beings mistakenly thinking they do not need God at all. In fact, some even boldly assert that God is irrelevant and obsolete! That is the spirit of the times where even evangelicals are now captivated into this web of lies. Science and
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I John 2:16 especially the pride of life

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recent discoveries are the ones that set the trends rather than the sure and certain written word of God. An unbeliever therefore may attend church periodically and do some humanly good works and yet be full of themselves. Prayer, Bible study or anything that suggests dependence upon God does not resonate with them, if not offends them. Prayerlessness: The self sufficient person does not see the need for prayer nor relish the quiet time before God to commune with the Lord. Prayer is viewed as a needless waste of time which must be replaced by pragmatic activity. Pragmatism in this context is just doing what appeals to the mind and makes sense so as to mitigate or supply a perceived need. While this is good and commendable, there is need to ask of the Father so that He may give direction and guidance since in Him we live, move and have our being. The non-Christian will not have any of that time wasting activity. If they are religious at all, they will say what is called frying pan prayer which is used to pacify the conscience rather than to sincerely ask from God what His will would be in given matter. As breathe is a sign of life, prayer shows that spiritual life exists. Furthermore, we may say that the unbeliever does not remember the last time they seriously prayed nor do they care about that statistic. For those that are from generally religious contexts, three short prayers often routinely take place at breakfast, Lunch and supper! In this hurried generation of hustle and bustle, people never take time to pray or think it is important at all. They walk into life assuming all will be well and God will understand or fit into their schedule. They rationalise that since God knows all things, why pray? Why waste breathe when God knows and even knows the end result. This kind of thinking is a serious indicator of a spiritual malady. Detesting/avoiding the means of Grace: Unbelievers prefer to keep as far away from anything that would remind them about God or their accountability to Him. The means of grace and many and include prayer, Bible reading, Fellowship, Evangelism among many others. The unbeliever is generally uncomfortable when these issues are introduced to them or imposed upon them because these disciplines are part of the natural Adamic nature. The sinful nature actually opposes these things and suddenly feels very tired, in fact too tired to be engaged in. If Bible reading for instance is introduced as part of the domestic devotions, the unbelievers in that home is most agitated and complain in more ways than one. The writer recalls several times when unconverted visitors to his home were most not amused once invited for the family alter. Very few of them willingly attended such sweet times. Person to Person evangelism is another. All sorts of excuses are summoned to justify why a person cannot engage in it. Some claim they fear, others do not feel like it while others just stay away. This could be a sign that someone has never experienced the exhilarating liberty that comes from the cross. In general, the non-regenerate detests anything that will remind them of God or his power. They would rather hide or flee from such a scenario.

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No spiritual fruit121: Many claim to know the Lord and make many boasts about this but are conspicuously barren. Day after day, they testify to the goodness of God and what he continues to do in their lives but surprisingly do not produce and evidence to show that they belong to God. Despite their profound claims of divine experience, they are barren and do not exhibit any spiritual fruit. The expected fruit of the spirit as tabulated in Galatians 5 and other passages of the Bible are conspicuously and painfully absent. The Lord Jesus states that it is by their fruit that genuine Christians will be known one of them being love for God and the brethren. Some have a long and illustrious career as Christians of yester years but are presently barren! What has caused that barrenness? Why do they show signs of the unfruitful tree that was cursed by Christ? When do they not point men to the saviour by their lives, since these (lives) are meant to be living letters to be read by men? Why is there no spiritual progress in some peoples lives even after supposedly many years in the faith? It would not be far from the truth to suggest that such people have never truly known the saviour, because if they had been transformed by the gospel, they would bear much fruit and fruit that will last. They may still be strangers to grace merely playing religion. They may also be sincerely deceived. Genuine saints spontaneously bear fruit, although the degree may vary from person to person. Disobedience to Gods law (Gods law is also burdensome)122: One of the heaviest burdens that a non-Christian dreads in their ordinary conscious selves is that of being forced to do things they do not like or relish. If such a thing is imposed upon them, no matter how plausible or beneficial, they will naturally riot or complain. That is how human nature is probably naturally wired. However, the non-Christian does not stop at merely complaining, he goes further to oppose or avoid that issue. One of the things that s/he avoids is the issue of Gods law as enshrined in the Ten Commandments. The natural mind hates the things of God because they have a tendency to undress his/her pride and exposing their nakedness to the world. The law of God stands as a sign or indicator of what is right or wrong. It has absolute standards with no room for compromise or flexibility. This latter bit is what infuriates as well as irritates the sinful nature because it prefers to have its own way. The only way out to express its displeasure and freedom from God is to rebel. This rebellion comes in different forms including disobedience to Gods clear commands. The unbeliever will not only refuse to submit but will encourage many others to join in the rebellion which in the end creates the impression that Gods law is unreasonably harsh, impossible and unrealistic. The best is to remove it from public view so that the conscience is not disturbed. What people forget is that God has written his law on mens consciences and thus these will stand as Gods witnesses regardless. In a nutshell then, the whole idea of obeying Gods word or commands is hugely burdensome to the uncircumcised heart.

CH Spurgeon preached a powerful sermon on Fruitless faith from James 2:17 on 21st February, 1861. A well-worth read. Such empty professors are like the withered fig tree being loud but empty. They are a mere bag of wind! 122 For the liberated saint, the law of God is never burdensome, I John 5:3

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Fear of the unknown (The wicked fleeth when no man pursueth): Before conversion, although people claim to be free and happy, many of them live in fear, fear of the unknown. They cannot explain exactly what terrifies them but one thing is sure, they live in perpetual dread of some unforeseen danger. They are enslaved by fear, especially the fear of death. The fear factor is really deeply engrained in many souls that only the gospel can cure. Sadly, many reject this free remedy and prefer to do something to protect themselves such as owning guns, watching diets, exercise among many. While these are good and legitimate ways to preserve and lengthen life, these will not stop death from approaching let alone the innate fear. Some fear darkness, others dread developing a sudden but terminal illness while others spend endless hours thinking how they will die. Others dread their own shadows what will come after death and lose sleep over that. The truth is that no one knows how they will die or what will cause their deaths but the gospel alone offers satisfactory conclusive answers to all these fears. Only the Son sets free and if anyone is still captive to fear, then the perfect love of God has not been made manifest in their lives for divine love drives out all fear. Comparatively greater diligence and sensitivity to earthly matters rather than spiritual: The unbeliever is more mindful about what is physical and temporal rather than the spiritual. They will more bitterly complain about having missed a physical meal and be silent for having missed a thousand personal spiritual meals. What is valued and weighs more is what they get out of this life rather than what they gain in eternity. Furthermore, the heart is inclined to and easily disturbed when an injustice or inconsistency occurs threatening their physical well being than when righteousness is under attack. They would rather choice the easier compromised route rather than suffer for Christ with little or no qualms about their inconsistency. For many years to come, they will mourn over some injury, hate people and keep a record of wrongs done to them but swiftly forget any spiritual blessing covering it over with other layers of activities. Christ is dim rather than the object of their first desire. A faint pulse about spiritual things is a sign of deadness. Comparatively greater diligence/sensitivity to earthly rather than spiritual matters/exercise123: The unbeliever lives for self and to some extent intellectually knows exactly what they want to get out of this present life, despite their thinking being distorted by the ramifications of the fall. They live for themselves and will not spare any efforts to grab whatever their hearts can lay hold of. That partly explains why ethics and rules of conduct are often viewed as hindrances rather than as allies. While in public, they claim to uphold the highest ethical standards and even demonstrate that they support these values, in public, they do the exact opposite. A corruption ridden country like Zambia is one such case where the unbeliever will exploit the very law meant to protect the citizen to extort money out of them! The spiritually
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Refer to Matthew 6:32

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dead mind will not only exploit every opportunity, but spend hours scheming how best to maximise benefit out of the window of opportunity that falls along their path. As long as they are not caught in the act or no one will be immediately affected, they will go right ahead. Unfortunately, even the church of today has not been spared from this covetous spirit or may we say idolatry. Other examples that come to mind relating to this vice include overly concentrating on physical rather than spiritual food. Once an unbeliever misses a meal, the whole town will instantly know but never a complaint raised about a spiritual meal missed. That is the way of the world, always chasing after the wind! We may further add one more point under this head. The unbeliever is generally indifferent about eternal realities and their destiny. While they may get an occasional fright, they generally stifle their consciences and want to believe there is no day of reckoning set for a future date. From our experience, many such people demonstrate excessive dread and in some cases exhibit serious piety and devotion to the Lord when they see death upon their path either by terminal illness or a close shave with death. For the Christian, they devote themselves to the Lord regardless and because of their thankfulness to God for His matchless grace. Mistakes about Regeneration124 One of the tragedies of the times in which our lot falls is the whole problem of mistakes about conversion (here conversion is used interchangeably with regeneration). Many people lay claim to having been Born Again when in fact the outward evidence points in the opposite direction. It may be said of them that they lay claim to Heaven with their lips and yet their very lives loudly scream against the very Heaven they claim to possess. A further tragedy is that the very few Physicians of souls (to use an old popular Puritan phrase) are ready or adequately equipped to discern and diagnose spiritual maladies, let alone the existence of life in a soul. The Puritans excelled on that score because they had an amazing ability to detect spiritual pulse in the soul and could prescribe appropriate remedies to that effect. To be thus meticulous today is to invite trouble to one self or be labelled all sorts of derogatory names such as Pharisee, Bible moth among many. And yet this is what we ought to do. We need to examine ourselves very closely to make sure we are in the faith and just in case we fail the test, speedily make amends before it is too late. In other words, we cannot be too strict over matters eternal.

Joseph Allein has done a wonderful work on this section in his potent volume: Alleins alarm or its recent title, A sure guide to heaven. CH Spurgeon also preached a sermon in similar lines, A Call to the unconverted in 1857. Richard Baxter wrote a book called Baxters call to the unconverted or something close to that. Their call is to arouse the sincerely deceived amongst us or indeed those indifferent to religion to reconsider their ways, casting off dead relics of sin to rest in the savior. Another point worth noting from the ancient writers is the character depicted as Talkative in John Bunyans Pilgrims progress. The gentleman by all standards would pass for a great saint in our day and yet is an empty professor of the faith, its all just mere talk. The said book brings about hair raising pictures to which the saint ought take warning, especially the gentleman who cannot repent in that large spacious house and room.

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The reason for the lament in our day is because we have experienced an unprecedented number of people that lay claim to Heaven and yet will miserably fail to enter it through the narrow gate. In other words, the failure rate is rather too high compared to the number of those that make decisions for Christ in many decidedly emotionally charged forums. Good as those efforts might be, the concern is that those that eventually backpedal become twice hardened and cannot listen to the gospel ever again because they will have been disappointed before. We may further argue that if only one tenth of those multiple decisions for Christ were genuine and true, the world would have been far better impacted with the message of Christ than it presently is. Think of it, if there were just ten seriously consecrated saints in every work place, institution or locality, these would effect such a profound impact on society because they would be both salt and light. The opposite seems to be the effect at present. The question that logically begs answering then is why, why such a weak witness? The answer is not far from view and points to the many fake conversions. The fact that someone made a public decision for Christ does not automatically mean that they have been translated from the dominion of darkness into the Kingdom of God. There is therefore need to investigate this anomaly and offer some tangible answers. The venerable Jonathan Edwards once took a meticulous study and gave the world a classic book, The Religious Affections125 in which he carefully investigated many purported conversions in his day drawing the line between a genuine and false case. We may not go into that detail but leave the reader to delve into the detailed works that Edwards brought to the fore. We are confident that his deeply searching insight should sort out a lot of issues, if not raise further queries for further research. Remorse126 When a person transgresses against what they consider correct or are discovered, the often feel awfully terrible about what they have been doing. They may even reform as far as the public eye is concerned and yet remain unmoved in the inner being. Judas felt bad about what he did and committed suicide though never repented. While repentance has to do with a turning away from sin as well as a change of mind, remorse is often egocentric because of some immediate consequence not so much God centred. A religious person may be remorseful and make repeated resolutions to quit committing some evil activity and yet fail repeatedly. However when a person is truly converted, they are empowered to boldly reject sin. The unbeliever remains a prisoner of sin and may demonstrate some signs of genuine repentance and yet merely remain remorseful no further. Alter call response/sinners prayer
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Or Charity and its fruits Judas Ischariot is a classic case of a person who died of remorse rather than genuine Biblical repentance; Matthew 27:3,4; Acts 1:18

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This practice is ever so common and accepted that people scarcely pause to ask pertinent questions as to the effect and meaning of the alter call system. Charles Finney is no doubt the originator of this innovation primarily because he believed that a sinner could exercise their will to be saved if only they were persuaded to do so. While it may have seeming worked in his day, today it is abused. When people are emotionally charged and momentarily made to see their sin or need of a saviour, they definitely will respond depending on how emotionally moved they might be. The next step is to take them through the sinners prayer and then finally declare them as Born Again Christians afterwards. Although some have genuinely been converted through this method, it is a flawed method for a number of reasons. The first is that anyone under emotional pressure can make about any confession that may bring some respite. If a person is not converted, they may become twice hardened and not listen to any further gospel preaching sessions, since the anointed man of God has declared them saints! Secondly, this method is foreign to scripture and thus, in our opinion amounts to coercion, pressure tactics or deception in some cases. People who have entered the church register through such means should especially re-examine themselves to see whether they are indeed in the faith. Tears More often, as people narrate their salvation experience, they refer to a point where they sobbed, moaned, mourned, and wept about some specific sins or the overwhelming experience they went through. While this shedding of tears may be present when a person is getting converted, this alone does not prove anything apart from the fact that some salty water flowed down someones cheeks. In Whitefields day, as he preached to the dark faced coal miners in 1739, he observed many white lines on his listeners faces as they wept over their sins and eventually embraced the Christ. This was amazing because consciences were crushed by the gospel resulting in a thorough work of salvation. Jonathan Edwards had similar experiences and thus penned down that classic volume, The Religious Affections. Today, we encounter similar experiences. We can confidently say that many of those tears and weepings are merely crocodile tears not leading to salvation other than someone emotionally overcome by a momentary charged atmosphere. Our argument is based on the premise that if tears were genuine pointers of regeneration, then we should have a transformed world many times over for the myriad weepers would have impacted the world with the gospel by the spoken word or pious lives lived. Others even give out beastly noises, hissing, mourning or gnawing and yet remain in their sins still unless they turn to the saviour. Falling and slaying in the spirit When someone falls under the spell of an alleged Spirit filled miracle worker, they suppose that the old nature has been dealt a mortal blow and new life infused into them. They focus on the apparent extra ordinary experience and equate it to salvation. This is a grave mistake indeed
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and sends thousands to a Christ-less grave. Many claim that the touch of the Lord gave them a new lease of life and assume that they have a new nature and new heart. Alas, when they eat their Nshima127 or main meal, strength returns and they swiftly plunge back to their vomit. Some however, may linger on in Christian circles for a longer period claiming that the Lord has changed them but entertain some hidden sin, wrong motives in service or do things that shock even themselves. What these people do not realise is that unless a new heart and spirit are implanted, they are still steeped in their sins. The falling and slaying in the spirit are way too often in these latter days mistakenly viewed as evidences of or equal to salvation. Interestingly, some of these fallings are stage managed, trickery involved or purely psychological. If the mind has been programmed to fall at the touch of the man of God, then the person will instinctively and automatically fall when the right time and condition comes. This is perfectly possible in a conditioned conducively charged environment designed to trigger a particular emotional response. Still others use subtle means such as buzzers or stun gadgets that transmit an electric circuit paralysing the person touched at the end of the finger tips or palm. Others use other power sources such as witchcraft and hypnosis. It is therefore not clear from where these powers emanate and as such we cannot be sure that God is truly at work. That said, falling or rolling over is certainly not a sure definite sign of regeneration regardless of the ecstatic emotions associated with the experience or event. The Bible never mentions this as a distinct evidence of regeneration. Demon cleansing/exorcism128 In these days of explosive and exponential practice and discussion of demonic activity, it is very easy to mistake or link regeneration to every supernatural experience. Many point to having been delivered from some demonic activity or possession as when they became Christians. While this may be true in some instances when and if they immediately accept the saviour, the vast majority of these incidences do not in any way point to regeneration let alone any appreciation of the gospel. A person can have their demons exorcised and yet remain in their sins. What is more crucial then is to preach the gospel to such ones and in the event they accept the saviour, then the demon must depart for how can Christ and a demon inhabit the same person? If the Son sets you free, nothing can separate you from him. Alternatively, if you do not have the saviour in your life, you are still in your sins. We can thus state that most of what goes on in todays so called evangelism is a mere pomp and show with no bearing on the gospel of Christ. It is in effect a waste of resources and time instead of profitably spending such scarce resources on directly preaching the gospel. Paul, once confronted with this temptation would say something like this:
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This is a local Zambian main dish, staple food. We may include even physical healing here. Some have used passages such as that of Naamans healing and subsequent change of heart in 2 Kings 5 as a proof text. But does the text serve to prove salvation or the greatness/existence of the true and living God? We need to take care how we interpret texts

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Jews demand miraculous signs, Greeks look for Wisdom (and logic) but we Preach Christ crucified!129 The apostle knew better that the gospel is the dynamite with a potential to change entire soul landscapes forever. Demon chasing, no matter how spectacular, cannot and should not replace the gospel (external and internal call). Exercise of Charismatic gifts A person can have and exercise the charismatic gifts listed in the Bible and yet not be converted (whether they are genuine or false is another debate). Paul talks about one doing just that and even offering their bodies to the flames to be burnt but if they do not have Christian love, they are nothing (i.e. not converted)130. A person can pray in strange tongues, prophesy, preach moving sermons or even perform the miraculous such as exorcism and yet remain unregenerate. They may undergo some charismatic experiences as those mentioned in Hebrews 6:3-6, come so close to real religion and yet be lost at the last. In such cases can we say that they lost their salvation? Not at all. They simply associated with the church and yet never closed in with Christ. They probably had romantic affections for Christs power and yet never turned to him. The Matthew 7 passage vividly demonstrates what we are talking about here. While Christ does not deny that they did many powerful things in his name, yet He declares that He NEVER knew them from the start! As though that were not bad enough, He calls them evil doers!!! These are hair raising prospects although Christ does not merely focus of the miraculous but anyone who names the name of Christ with or without the charismatic acts. Bible reading For many years the Bible has remained the best seller globally. This has puzzled many people though this shouldnt be. The puzzle though is that Christianity is not as universally popular as it is expected given the post modern context that distastes absolutes instead embracing relativitism as enshrined in humanism. One probable explanation is the way the Bible is written. Its classic majestic language sets it apart given its divine origin. By that token, its fascinating power continues to grow as the years go by. That said, the mere daily or occasional reading of the Bible in itself does not mean someone is converted. While they may be heavily influenced by and outwardly reformed by the word of God written, Bible readers need to personally be transformed inwardly by the power of the gospel. The Bible is the special revelation of God leading to salvation but only becomes effectual once the Spirit of God has worked on a persons heart. One group of people merely delights in the interesting case studies in the Bible while others are intrigued by the timeless Beatitudes or some other lofty sayings that the Bible encapsulates and yet not know the saving work of the Spirit. Many Bible moths have arisen in these latter days,
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I Corinthians 1:18ff I Corinthians 13:1-10

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some of whom fill our Theological faculties but do not truly know the saving power that is revealed in the Bibles they carry or daily refer to. What is needed is the divine application of the specially revealed will of God upon the heart of a person in regeneration, nothing short of that. Water baptism131 Some think that when they get baptised, especially by immersion, then they are converted and know the saviour. They will do any and everything to get that crucial baptism and subsequently enter local church membership (this practice differs though from church to church), then they assume that they are full members of the body of Christ. They believe that their public confession through baptism, then of necessity, they must belong to the saviour. This point here is not some much the mode as what baptism signifies. Recall that this is but a sign to show what has transpired inside someone when the heart circumcision takes place. In some contexts, you cannot convince some one about what water baptism means because they have been persuaded that water baptism equals regeneration. Others hold baptismal regeneration which is another misunderstanding of scripture altogether. Visible Church membership If and when someone finally has their name in the church register/roll, they feel they are regenerate. If their ancestors were on the register, then they feel satisfied that they have achieved what they wanted and move on to live as they please. Others feel they have achieved the unimaginable, feat of sorts because their kinsfolk and ancestors failed to achieve what they have. They feel very proud, fulfilled and pacified such that every day is party time! They may commit themselves to regular church attendance, take part in all the church rites (i.e. the sacraments), do good and be zealously active in their local context. They also enjoy other fringe benefits during their membership such as association capping their membership with a decent Christian burial once gathered to their Fathers. These external benefits and facts do not in any way guarantee that a person is regenerate. Prayer Myriads pray or offer some kind of chant to some divine being. While many feel closer to their deities as well as psychologically fulfilled, they may still be thousands of miles from the saviour. Some offer very orthodox and doctrinally sound extemporous or written prayers yet remain strangers to the grace of God. An orderly and even earnest prayer mode does not in itself confirm
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H, Brash Bonsall mentions at least 5 different baptisms in his volume 3pp 192-195 namely: a. Jewish proselyte baptism b. Qumran baptism c. Johns baptism d. Gospel Baptism and e. New Testament Baptism as practiced by the apostles etc

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ones salvation although could be an indicator to that end. Pray as they might, many times coupled with fasting, their efforts amount to nothing, if not offend God. Having an organised prayer diet may be good and psychologically beneficial but these motions alone cannot save nor do they definitively indicate that someone is for certain converted. The same goes for meditation. Not only does it matter what you focus on in your meditative moments but how it is done is critical. Thus, this too may not guarantee salvation. Philanthropy or physical good works Others excel in doing good, many times to the benefit of human kind in general. They zealously devote themselves to many worthy causes and spare no efforts until something meaningful is achieved. This is good and commendable but does not and cannot save anyone. Many mistake some ones good and gracious heart, buttressed by their pragmatism as a mark of the work of grace having been effected on a soul. This may not necessarily be true unless someone has closed in with the saviour. If the Spirit has not touched their rebellious hearts, all that they do, no matter how plausible and good before men are as filthy rags before God. That said, care must be taken here to interpret what we mean because this solid position has been abused to mean that Christians are therefore not obliged to engage in any philanthropic good or do good works. That is far from what we stand for here. Christians can and should engage in all sorts of good causes from a creational point of view though they themselves must have first been regenerated. The latter point is our contention-regeneration and then the fruit of that inward transformation is philanthropy. The Christian church desperately needs such genuine philanthropists. Consistent Church attendance In many religious contexts, regular church attendance is often equated with salvation. The assumption is that for one to be thus regular, consistent and committed to church affairs, they must have a lively interest in eternal realities. For how can someone in their right mind be thus devoted? It beats logic, many argue. But the truth and sad reality is that many of such people attend church to keep up appearances, with wrong motives and probably derives some benefit out of the practice. The benefit may not necessarily be in material terms but psychological fulfilment as well. Scan their private lives away from the public eye and see what you find! Most of them are mere hypocrites or sincerely deceived at best. In secular societies, no one seems to bother what their neighbour does or where they spend their leisure time. It is thus surprising at times when they discover that one goes to church in the 21st century! By that token, they are either dubbed Christian, Muslim, Hindu or whatever tag depending on the place of worship they frequent. This gives a false sense of assurance that someone is actually regenerate. Others glory in having their names etched on the church register when they cannot remember the last time they entered the inside of a church!
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Imbibing evangelical jargon There was a time in Zambia (and possibly other countries) when one spoke the King James Version Bible kind of language, every ear paid attention and head turned. The language was by far the private preserve of the saintly because unbelievers found it hard to imitate or masquerade as angels of light. With time however, the world appears to have become religious and people flocked to churches to hear the word preached as well as read Bibles in the process. The poetic nature and sweetness of the Biblical language soon was copied by all and sundry. What has happened now (at least in the Zambian context) is that nearly any one can use the language of Zion to their own ends. It is now hard to tell apart who a genuine Christian is from the Imposter because they both spot the same vocabulary. This author has been deceived on several occasions by people that spoke the language he was accustomed to only to realise too late that those people were hard core con men. An example will do. In 1993, an interesting case occurred at the Lusaka Baptist Church one Sunday morning. It was drizzling when a frail looking person walked into our prayer meeting. The visitor was clearly wet to the bone and shivered quite violently given his fragile structure. Naturally, we accommodated him to join us in the early Morning Prayer meeting. He asked for time to share his ordeal before we could pray. The gentlemans story was so moving that several of us gave the little we could offer to this needy brother. A colleague even gave his jacket, probably the only one he had at the time. The man narrated his release from the maximum security prison on Presidential pardon that morning claiming to be a well known notorious criminal turned saint. Kapenda132 feelingly told his story amidst sobs and tears which melted all of us and yet we rejoiced that a soul had been saved from the clutches of death. Indeed, the hang mans noose was really close by but thank God that His mercies are new every morning. The elder present with us in that meeting immediately declared that the man had to be given opportunity to share with the main church about his miraculous deliverance from the clutches of death. The visitor mentioned a few key people in the Prison Fellowship which confirmed to most of us that he was genuinely a novice in the Lord. We went into specific worship expecting that this powerful testimony would melt any heart in the congregation and for sure, as he narrated his near death ordeal, not a few shed tears of pity and joy133. He was accorded a seat in the front pew and graciously sent off with blessings, well wishes after the service but asked him to keep in touch on how he was settling in his new found liberty. A few weeks later however, we were shocked to learn that the same gentleman had been arrested for swindling churches with his moving story! He was actually an imposter posing as a known

I.e. the actual name of the actual deadly criminal in question whose identity was at play here. Interestingly, the Pastor then, discerned and expressed reservations at allowing the gentleman to share his testimony in Church as he had no peace over the matter. The Pastor actually attempted to block this move and if I recall correctly, the man scarcely got an opportunity to share in Church but to individuals, whose testimony spread like wild fire in a dry grass land. The rest of us felt the Pastors actions were unreasonably hard over a desperate matter! He would however be vindicated a few weeks later. Sometimes these Elders have trained eye and thus deserve special respect as was the case here.
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former criminal. Our hearts sunk with disbelief because the man exhibited clear signs of a new born babe in Christ! His language deceived us. Possessing a College or University Theological credential At one time, if one possessed a Theological degree or any such credential, people automatically assumed that they were godly, trusted the Lord and his word. Men of the collar generally still universally command some respect134. It was also respectable and prestigious to be men of the cloth and as such this attracted not a few souls. Some of todays Theologians are mere professionals etching out a living out of their ability to tear scripture to shreds or defend its tenets. In contexts where the State and Church are still in a marriage of convenience with the former supporting the latter, many people who hold high church offices may not necessarily be regenerate. As though that were not bad enough, the bulk of the Theological colleges have been infested with people that know nothing of the work of grace in their lives. They are strangers to grace, as it were, thus easily abandon ship when the going gets tough135. In Germany and other places, the liberal Theologians136 early infiltrated the college faculties as well as churned out hundreds who turned out like them. Today, the German church is on its knees, if not dead. This deadness has spread far and wide which in effect has emptied the gospel of its power. Tragically, these defective theologians church out hundreds of replicas who are equally defective as their mentors, graceless, with good heads not hearts! In other parts of the world like Zambia, the Theological academic graze and desire to be called by multiple big titles (such as Bishop, Apostle, Reverend Dr etc) has taken its toll on the church vitality. Repeatedly what we witness are dreadful stories that were not once mentioned among the saints at least historically. Some of these educated Theologians, Apostles, Pastors and Bishops are clear cut conmen and women whose chief motive is to swindle the church of God out of their hard earned cash. May we say that they deliberately extort money out of gullible saints many of whom scrape around for a living across the week while their leader lives a lavishly pompous life style in the same period! Many of these congregants can scarcely keep body and soul together because they are stripped of the little they earn! Thus, academic credentials are no longer an indicator of someone having been regenerated. Unique and rare mental appreciation of divine matters (i.e. Theological issues/facts) Many think because they can easily grasp spiritual matters as well as baptise themselves in the scriptures or any sound Christian literature, then they must be converted137. They thus reason because an unbeliever does not relish or understand things spiritual as they do and so they
Though one Marketing Text book of 2010 states that Preachers are some of the least believed in the western world because they often lie or exaggerate 135 Could these be stony ground believers? 136 Tragically, they church out myriads that are like them who spread their corrupt doctrine or practice abroad. 137 That is to saturate the mind with sound orthodox doctrine and yet be stone dead.
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erroneously conclude that a work of Grace must have been effected in their lives. What could be further from the truth for it is possible for ones mental faculties to be tickled by new discoveries in the Bible and yet still be in a state of spiritual death. As long as those things remain appealing, and help them to find acceptance in their setting, context, locality or church, they will hold fast but soon or later their true colours eventually manifest. The first signs of this problem are the little inconsistencies between their talk and walk. While they make great boasts and fill their minds with things of God, their hearts pull in the opposite direction. This struggle may continue for some time but the flesh eventually carries the day. In our experience, we have met and interacted with great minds that by all counts initially impressed us. Alas, many of these no longer walk with us to Heaven today. Looking back, those little, little inconsistencies we all ignored as minor setbacks in the Christian life were in fact indicative of a greater subterranean spiritual problem eventually leading to some disaster in future. The real test of such people is TIME and POWER. Just simply give them enough time and you see who the person exactly is. In their humble138 days, many usually appear meekly religious but once given power, influence and wealth, then the real character manifests. How they control both their power and their bodies/souls tells a lot about who they exactly are. Some however, may be well cultured and manage these well and only the last day will tell who they actually were while on the earth. This is a sad situation because such people sin against the light. One of the saddest episodes for this writer is to have to part company with some of his once trusted colleagues at different stages in life. The earliest departed from the faith soon after professing while others departed while in College or University. The final set of friends have departed when they got power and influence in their settled lives, then the old man runs out of the bag and wrecks havoc. This is and has been painful because most of these were well read and seasoned men and women. Some even had far superior and clearer minds than this writer but alas, their ships hit against the prosperity rock and ran aground. Earnestness, external diligence, eloquence and outward visible Zeal Not all earnest men are necessarily right or converted. Many, with high profile testimonies and credentials have graced the evangelical horizon but alas, prove to be something else in the end. Their ship runs aground amidst the rocky shores of this world. They begin well, exhibit clear marks, signs of grace and promise of a good finish but alas, something comes in the way and cuts in on them. They fall and rise no more. Instead, they direct their energies in something else other than divine things. Not so the saint, though he falls seven times (i.e. completely), he rises again and continues to run the race. Our lot falls in an era where all eloquent and fine sounding speakers are presumed to be right, regenerate and from God. Much more than that, if they are diligent, appear passionate and ready to do any good work, no one questions their sincerity or
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salvation. In our short pilgrimage, we have learnt by bitter experience that not everything that glitters is gold. It may appear like the genuine article but not quite it. Furthermore, the person who is thus zealous gets assurance from colleagues and friends who somewhat confirm them as believers when in fact what they exhibit and possess is nothing more than mere enthusiasm. They have not closed in with Christ and thus remain in a state of spiritual death, yea, unregenerate. We may well add that the motives and motivations for that diligence and fire for the Lord are premised on wrong grounds other than Christ and His word. The central thing here is to fly to Christ first for mercy before we fly with evangelical zeal. Paul would talk about those who had a wrong zeal, but zeal nonetheless (Galatians 4:17). Consider his own case, a very devout Jew prior to conversion but entirely mistaken. It took the grace of God to transform Paul139. Generous giving to the church, man of God or sowing the seed Some people think they are converted by virtue to giving to the man of God or church which in turn recognise their good gifts. Others are deceived into believing that the more they give, the more the chances of business success or even salvation! Some even measure spirituality of someone by the regularity and amount someone offers to the church! If you do not give or for some reason are inconsistent, then your salvation is dubbed questionable! While it is true that one of the signs of a regenerate heart is to support the work of God out of a thankful heart, it is incorrect, if not deadly to place a tag on someones salvation based on the benefits you derive from their pocket. It would not be too much to state that in Hell, some who will be there will have been serious resource contributors to some of the greatest evangelists that ever lived! They will have sowed the seed much but forgot their eternal souls! So much then for the common mistakes often encountered and experienced in the world today. Many more characteristics140 could be summoned but we rest the matter here. The fact that we carry within us a desperately wicked heart means that we can easily be deceived into believing a lie. We may mistakenly content ourselves with the imitation rather than the genuine article only to discover too late, even more terrifying, on the day of reckoning. In extremely religious contexts, many are sincerely deceived and thus hardened against the gospel, becoming twice the children of Hell. Many believe that if God does not arrest your heart while you are still young, the probabilities of eventually getting converted reduce with age, at least with the human eye141.

Read Acts 9, Philippians 3 & I Timothy 1. At several intervals in the historical book of Acts, Paul recounts his conversion to prove the unlimited mercy of God. 140 E.g. Sporting spiritual talents relevant to the church, disorderly conduct (thinking spirit filled), evangelical influence, rolling in the dust after an experience, miracle working and any other seemingly spiritual experience. 141 Bethan Lloyd-Jones holds a contra opinion though. Refer to her to book, Memories of Sanfields published by the Banner of Truth Trust. Another volume, The Force of Truth by the Banner of Truth Trust also proposes similar sentiments to what we suggest. John Flavel in his classic volume, The Mystery of Providence narrates amazing accounts of salvation that happened long after the word had been preached, in one case, after 15 years! Ichabod Spencers book A Pastors sketches: conversations

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Benefits of regeneration to the vivified sinner When a person is a new creature in Christ, many things change about them. Though they may still be physically the same outwardly or their status in society not change much, they none the less have great blessings that accrue to them as a result. Some of these blessings have already been alluded to in the previous section but we highlight the great benefits that result from a person having been given new life in Christ. The first benefit clearly is that they are adopted and thus become children of God. They are raised from slavery into royal blood flowing through their veins because Christ is now their brother. They are heirs and joint heirs with Christ and now have full rights of son ship. More than that, they have liberty to enter the throne room of God and call Him Abba Father which thing was impossible before regeneration. This new status brings with it peace with of God as well as the peace of God that floods their hearts. Having been bought from the slave market of sin, they now move along freely in life with Gods special eye upon them. Anyone who hurts them hurts the apple of Gods eye. The second benefit is freedom from sin, its pollution, consequences and dominion/power. Once sin reigned supreme in their lives. They could not resist it or turn away from its savage domineering polluting power but now they have the Spirit of God that dwells within them enabling them to fight off sin. They are thus freed from sins pollution that came upon the entire human race in Adam. Since no part of mans faculties were left untainted by the fall, all their best works are as filthy rags in the sight of the holy one of Israel. More than that, in the natural state, every motive, desire and spiritual good that man tries to do in order to please God is rejected on account of sin142. The Christian in the second place is freed from the dominion or power of sin. Time was when the person made many resolves to avoid sin but found themselves lamentably failing to the point of considering themselves prisoners of sin. Upon regeneration, the Christian is set free from this domineering presence and potency of sin. They can resolutely say No! to sin and Yes to righteousness. Paul captures this very well in Romans six when he talks about using the members as instruments of righteousness since they have been set free143 from sin. Finally, the Christian is freed from the awful consequences of sin such as physical and eternal death in Hell. Every person that is not regenerate is firstly spiritually dead here and now and then they shall die physically and finally suffer eternal death in hell unless they repent and believe the gospel. When a person turns to the Lord, this three-fold condemnation is lifted and discarded, what glorious privileges these are!

with anxious souls concerning the way of salvation is another excellent read on this matter. MCheyne talks about an American who heard Flavel as a youth but got converted much later in life (over 80 years later) from that same sermon! 142 Romans 8:8 143 Or liberated

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The third benefit is closely connected to the second but this is in relation to the law. At regeneration, the person is freed from the curse of the law. The law has always stood condemning anyone who breaks it or does not fulfil it to the letter. Thus when a person is under conviction, the law does its work of condemnation, hence the discomfort but when a person comes into the glorious liberty of the gospel, what a relief they get, what a joy they experience! Akin to the Philippian Jailer or Lydia, the newly born babe in Christ leaps for joy because the terrors of law of God cannot lay any charge against them because Christ has paid it all on their behalf. Through the passive and active obedience of Christ, the transactions fully done, nothing ever to be raised against the saint. The law now takes another role in the believers life, that of helping them live a holy life as well as keeping the conscience tender and sensitive to what God requires. Before conversion, the law is so forbidding, is a weight, a drag and terrifying but when one enters the glorious liberty and light of the Gospel, the law is no longer burdensome an allay rather than a foe! The fourth benefit of regeneration is freedom from demon possession. This point is especially important in a day when people hold on to all sorts of suspect theologies. In regeneration, the person is not only cleansed from their past sins, the unclean spirit is replaced by the Holy Spirit who now takes residence in the believer. The heart of stone is replaced with a fleshly soft heart responsive and malleable by the word of God. Thus, the Christian is viewed as the Temple of God and does not need to make a trip to Jerusalem or some other special place of worship as people of old used to do. Divinity dwells within them and thus are a sacred Temple of God which has been bought at a price. If that be the case, it therefore means that demons must flee for light and darkness cannot coexist144. Further, we may argue, and with good reason, that once the Son sets one free, they are truly and really free indeed. Nothing in all creation will ever separate them from the love of God, not even demons!145 The Christian does not need to dread anything in their past or future because all things are yea and amen in Christ. Whether these are witch craft, generational curses, besetting sins or whatever, these are broken when the power of the cross works in some one. Paul says the power that raises a dead sinner in regeneration is akin to that which raised the Lord from the dead!146 That is great power indeed and no creature dares frustrate the work of God. But we need to say more on this point. Suppose the fact of demon possession were true for a moment, then we can safely conclude that Christ salvation was not complete on the cross and needs aid from a mere mortal to complete it. That cannot be because Christ cried Tetelestai for It is Finished/completed! The Lord totally and finally satisfied the just demands of God in the atonement and has thus secured eternal freedom for the captives. Christians lose a lot when they spend needless sleepless nights demon chasing or imagining all sorts of things when they have been set free from the slave market of sin!
144
145

II Corinthians 6:14 Romans 8:35-37 146 Ephesians 1:19

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In the fifth place, the Christian gains much confidence, liberty and victory over the world/sin. Before regeneration, they are powerless and helpless slaves to sin but when the almighty power of God descends in regeneration, their wills are enabled as they once again have the new man alive while the old man is crucified. For the first time, they have the ability to resist and with stand sin! The can with confidence face their past sins because greater is He that is in them than he that is in the world. They can wage successful battle and warfare against the world, the flesh and the devil. Only Christians can successfully live consistently victorious and holy lives because they know themselves as well as have the Spirit living within them. Their goal is to please their new master as well as resolve to keep far away from darkness in preference for walking in the light. Although they may occasionally stumble and fall, deliberate sin is no longer normal or acceptable to them. They have left the devils native air, control and have entered the glorious liberty of the gospel. They are powerfully delivered from the dominion of darkness and now walk in the newness of life offered in the new and living way in Christ. What liberty the Christian has! How bold they become, as bold as a Lion! This is the heritage of the Children of God, after all, they are from the Heavenly royal family! Summary This marathon chapter has explored and identified the marks or characteristic traits of the regenerate as well as touched on other equally important aspects. A lit up city on a hill cannot be hidden when it is dark unless it is covered over. A salt flavoured meal cannot be mistaken for anything else unless the taste buds are faulty. Generally, a truly regenerate soul is easily identifiable from the pack regardless of where one may be or located. It does not matter whether in the far flung places of Timbuktu or in the heart of New York City, their light will radiate one way or the other. Paul would proudly and confidently say of the Romans147 that their faith was being spoken of all over the world. Although he was geographically far away from them, yea, had never met them in person, he could not help hearing about their faith. That is true Christianity! It bears much fruit and speaks for its Master despite where one lives or relocates to. So much then for the traits of a Christian, we now transition to examine what the ancients have said about this great truth. It would be good for you to have your Bible by your side because the ground we are about to traverse is over grown with scripture and quotations! It is a forest of scripture, historical in nature and design. In a sense, the next chapter constitutes our literature review or synthesis of previous works on this subject as well as documenting from scripture what we assert. Bibliography Dangers of Decisionism, Sword and Trowel, 2000, # 1, pp29-31, The Metropolitan Tabernacle
147

i.e. Romans 1:8; I Thessalonians 1:7-8

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Allein Joseph, Alleins alarm to the unconverted, Banner of Truth Trust Bennet Richard, Howell Harris and the Dawn of revival, Evangelical Press of Wales, 1962 edition Boston, Human nature in its fourfold state, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1964 edition Bridges Jerry, The Practice of Godliness, NavPress, 2001 Bridges Jerry, The Pursuit of Holiness, NavPress, 2001 Briscoe Stuart, The Ten Commandments, OM Publishing, 1993 Brooks Thomas, Precious remedies against Satans devices, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1968 edition Brow Robert, Freedom: discussion papers by a liberation theology theologian. Brown Rabecca, Prepare for War, Whitaker house, 1992 Bunyan John, The Pilgrims progress, American Tract Society, 1890 Collinson David, Encounters with Darkness, Autumn House, 2001 Geisler L Norman, Christian Apologetics, Baker Academics, 1976 Gurnall William, The Christian in Complete Armour, The Banner of Truth Trust Lloyd-Jones Bethan, Memories of Sandfields, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1983 Murray Iain H, The Puritan Hope, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1971 Murray John, Redemption: accomplished and applied, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1961 edition Newton John, Out of the depths, Keats publishing Inc Octavius Winslow, No condemnation in Christ Jesus, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1991 edition Pollit J Herbert, The inter faith movement, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1996 Ravelic Simo, The Tongue: Our measure, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1987 Ryle JC, Christian Leaders of the 18th Century, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1978 edition Ryle JC, Old Paths, Evangelical Press

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Seventh Day Adventist Church manual, 17e, 2005, Secretariat, general conference of SDA Spencer Ichabod, A Pastors sketches: Conversations with anxious souls concerning the way of salvation, Solid Ground Christian Books, 2001 edition Watson Thomas, A body of Divinity, The Banner of Truth Trust edition, 1958 Watson Thomas, The Ten Commandments, The Banner of Truth Trust Welford S Marvin, Free indeed from sorcery bondage, Pathway press, 1999 White Ellen G, Christian service, Eastern African Division Publishing Association Whitefield George, The Letters of George Whitefield, The Banner of Truth Trust Wright John, Designer Universe, Monarch, 1994

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Chapter 5 Historical perspectives


In this chapter, we explore many source materials as well as document our previous assertions in relation to regeneration. Much has been written on this subject from earlier generations and we do well to exhume it as we attempt to recover this historic doctrine covered over by many layers of dust as the centuries have gone by. The critical point however in this chapter is to demonstrate that this doctrine is indeed rooted in the scriptures right across from Genesis to Revelation. The veins and arteries of this doctrine can be proved from the Holy Writ though it seems to have been lost and forgotten with time. As we shall see, this doctrine is directly alluded to or by proxy in the scriptures. At times it is illustrated in picture form or events which the watchful eye will quickly discern. Another aspect worth mentioning is that we appeal the testimony of many ancient and present writers to establish that this doctrine is as old as the Church itself. When the lord discoursed with Nicodemus of old, he was stating fundamental things which we do well to pay heed to. Unfortunately, like any other Biblical truth, this fundamental doctrine marking the beginning of the Christian life has been subject to abuse, misunderstanding or misinterpretation. Without regeneration, we cannot begin to talk about the Christian life or even salvation. We may further assert that regeneration presupposes some prior lifelessness or death. It is from this state of death therefore that every person who lays claim to Heaven has been hewn. Thus, we commence an appreciation of this subject by clearing ground prior to stating the doctrine. In doing this, we commence with Anthropology and proceed to Soteriology. At the end of this chapter, it is envisioned that reader will have an intelligent appreciation of what has been and is in relation to the new birth. It is hoped that this chapter will also prove the necessity of preaching the new birth as well as the grave danger the doctrine falls in at the present time. Anthropology To correctly understand and frame our Bible interpretation, we need to have a wide campus in addition to the right principles of interpretation as our background. Some of the points we need to bear in mind as we approach the interpretation of scripture are: a. Let the Bible speak for itself and then follow its dictates not the opposite where we come with our prejudices attempting to impose what we wish the scripture should have said. Approach the Holy Writ with an open objective mind. Thomas Akempis said well when he stated that we must interpret scripture as it was meant to be understood by the author148.
148

The Imitation of Christ, book one, fifth chapter page 14, Holiness Data Ministry edition, 1995

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b. Scripture always interprets scripture. Always interpret scripture within its context and where a passage is unclear, the clearer passages will help interpret. Clearer scripture will often, though not always shed some light on some obscure difficult passage. c. Never build a doctrine on an isolated verse or non repeatable historical event/occurrence. Read it in its natural context and then interpret. Always bear in mind what other parts of scripture say, remember that there is need to be consistent, though not a forced but natural consistency. d. Do not unnecessarily allegorise or even spiritualise passages where they are meant to be literary interpreted or understood. The reverse is also true. This means that the interpreter must be well versed with what type of scripture they are interpreting whether it is apocalyptic, prophetic, historical or doctrinal etc. In short, be as literal in interpretation of scripture unless the passage before you clearly dictates or suggests otherwise. e. If possible, in the event of unclear meaning, revert to the original Greek or Hebrew to counter check. This may not totally solve the problem but ensure you get as close to the actual meaning as possible. f. Always deliberately aim to grasp the authorial intent as you interpret, remember that our task is to merely explain149 the word of God as Ambassadors or heralds. This is a sacred trust to us by God and we must retain fidelity to truth. g. Desist from the temptation of speculation or going beyond what is written. Having armed ourselves with some basic hermeneutical/exegetical principles, we therefore proceed to highlight some biblical facts before delving deeper into Harmatiology (i.e. the study of the nature and effects of sin). From Genesis to Revelation, the Bible brings out many truths whose threads may be scattered across its spectrum. Some truths however are concentrated in some parts of the scriptures and are thus easily recognizable. One such doctrine is that of spiritual death entering the world. The other is that of theistic creation. These two doctrines are stated in no uncertain terms in the Bible and no sane person dares argue about their place in scripture. Denying their truthfulness is another matter altogether but the fact of their existence is important to ascertain. Having ascertained their place in scripture, we then proceed to determine whether they are to be believed or not. Our query is settled when we answer the question relating to the authority of the scriptures. If they are binding, then the accounts of creation, the fall must be unquestionably believed by every genuine Christian. If one rejects any of these scriptural

149

Or deliver the word

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tenets, then they are not believers but still strangers to grace no matter what their agruments150. We can further assert that if one denies the fall, then they also deny original sin as we have it firmly stamped on the page of scripture. Harmatiology James I Packer says in one of the books from which he has been quoted151: Paul, in Romans, affirms that all mankind is naturally under guilt and power of sin, the reign of death, and the inescapable wrath of God...He traces this back to the sin of the one man whom, when speaking at Athens, he described as our common ancestors...This is authoritative apostolic interpretation of the history recorded in Genesis 3, where we find the account of the Fall, the original human lapse from God and godliness into sin and lostness. The main points in that history, as seen through the lens of Pauls, are as follows: a) God made the first man the representative for all his posterity, just as he was to make Jesus Christ the representative for all Gods elect.....b) God set the first man in a state of happiness and promised to continue this to him and his posterity after him if he showed fidelity by a course of perfect positive obedience and specifically by not eating from a tree described as the tree of knowledge of good and evil...c) Adam, led by Eve, who was herself led by the serpent (Satan in disguise:...), defied God by eating the forbidden fruit. The results were that, first, the anti-God, self-aggrandising mindset expressed in Adams sin became part of him and of the moral nature that he passed on to his descendants...Second, Adam and Eve found themselves gripped by a sense of pollution and guilt that made them ashamed and fearful before God-with good reason. Third, they were cursed152 with expectations of pain and death, and they were expelled from Eden. At the same time, however, God began to show them saving mercy; he made them skin garments to cover their nakedness, and he promised that the womans seed would one day break the serpents head. This foreshadowed Christ.... 153 JC Ryle in his monumental work on Holiness has stated similar sentiments, devoting an entire chapter to the subject of Sin! Basically the starting point of any Anthropological study, and therefore Harmatiology is the study of sin and how it entered or affected the world. To what extent was the human race affected and what is the remedy? Under that broad Anthropology subject, our task is to establish the state of the human mind and heart before or after the fall. The narrow subject of Harmatiology under that broad head therefore is to establish what the fall entails. If we properly set our bearings right, we should arrive at the right destination. For our purpose, we make some statements without deeply summoning scripture to prove their validity. The following points should therefore suffice for our purposes:

This may run contrary to the Chicago declaration somewhat. This declaration allows one to reject inerrancy of Scripture and yet be a child of God. 151 Concise Theology: A guide to Historic Christian Beliefs, pp3 152 Though some scholars argue that they were not directly cursed, if not cursed at all! 153 Concise Theology, pp 3, 4

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1. Before the fall, man was created righteous, pure with positive holiness. In other words, Adam was not created indifferent but an inclination towards righteousness. 2. When Adam ate the forbidden fruit154, he disobeyed and therefore brought spiritual death on himself and all his posterity. 3. In that one act, Adam acted as the federal head and therefore representative of the entire human race. 4. This disobedience had devastating (or disastrous consequences) effects to the extent that spiritual darkness, insensitivity and enmity between the holy and wicked became the norm. This was original sin, as Augustine dubbed it. 5. The ramifications of the fall meant separation from God, hostility, spiritual blindness, insensitivity and a preference for darkness rather than light. Darkness entered into the human mind when the Spirit who had previously connected man to God departed155. 6. Further, with the fall came corruption of every faculty of the human being. Thus, we have total as opposed to absolute depravity. By total we refer to the fact that no faculty or part of the human being was left unscathed by the fall. Every part was corrupted or affected by the fall, including the image of God in man. At regeneration, this is reversed. 7. The will became disabled towards spiritual realities but inclined towards evil all the time. Thus, a dead sinner does not wilfully choose Christ unless an external help comes to their aid.

It is in this state that regeneration becomes critical, to repair the damage that resulted in the fall. Only God can do that and hence Christs assertion, Unless my father draws you, you cannot come.156 God must come in to save sinful, helpless sinners. It is our task then to attempt to investigate this grand work of God which baffled even angels157. Like skilled researchers we commence our investigation by the call, although the road we tread is mysterious at many points. Calling
The actual fruit or type is not known but some unscrupulous theological quacks suggest that it was sexual intimacy. There is no suggestion what so ever of this assertion anywhere in scripture. The Unification Church (Moonies) strongly hold such an erroneous position. 155 This may be a controversial position but our argument is based on the fact that when a person is regenerated, the Spirit returns and permanently dwells in man in the new creation. The question obviously that begs answering is what about the spirit spoken of in the Scriptures as belonging to man? Our suggestion is twofold: First, it could mean that soul and spirit are one and thus used interchangeably. This fits well with the dichotomist position. Second, it could be that man has a spirit which is reinforced by the Divine Spirit at regeneration. This is in sync with the trichotomist position. 156 John 6:37-44 157 I Peter 1:12, 18-23;
154

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Calling has to do with Gods way of summoning the elect home to Himself. When the gospel is broadcast and sounded out to the whole world, people either respond or reject the offer. In theological circles therefore, we seek to explain and understand the means that God uses and how people respond. The call is a universal invitation and better understood under two heads: General or universal calling This is the call extended to all without exception or distinction. All Adams children must hear the gospel proclaimed just as Jesus commanded before he left the world158. His goal was to have the good news spread to all nations (or every creature) before His final return. Thus, when we talk about the general call, we mean the public summoning or broadcasting of the evangel to as many people as we possibly can. This general call is administered and comes in various ways that includes verbal preaching, through literature, person to person evangelism and by life style. As people hear the evangel, they are at liberty to make informed judgements whether to accept or reject the message. Thus, not everyone will accept the external offer of the gospel. We can thus safely assert that the general call can be ignored and rejected. This assertion is in agreement with Boyces position when he states: The Gospel is, therefore, commanded to be proclaimed to every creature, in as much as there is the work of Christ a means of redemption for everyone. This is the external call of the Gospel. This proclamation, however, meets with no success because of the wilful sinfulness of man, although, in itself, it has all the elements which should secure its acceptance...159 This general or outward call often precedes regeneration160, for there has to be a call out being the means instituted by God to gather the elect. Effectual calling Whereas the general call can be rejected, the effectual call cannot. By effectual call we refer to that call which is inwardly effected by the Holy Spirit. In Keeping with what Jesus said in John 10161, his sheep hear the call and respond to the gospel summon. In other words, the elect hear the urgent gospel cry and irresistibly respond leading to salvation. This call is thus invincible. Thomas Watson defines it as that ... gracious work of the Spirit, whereby he causes us to

Matthew 28:16-20 J Boyce, Systematic Theology, Chapter 31, Outward call and effectual calling 160 For the preached word is the appointed means by which the elect are summoned or awakened though it is the Spirit who immediately gives life to the sinner, hence the response. Supralapsarain Calvinists further argue that the preaching of the word or even exercising faith may not be essential to regeneration because of various reasons brought about by the covenant of redemption such as Justification from eternity, reprobation etc. A lot of debates surround this view though. Boyce has a chapter on Reprobation (Chapter 30), very interesting to read. Reverend D Engelsma defended the biblicity of Reprobation ReprobationIs it Reformed? (Berean Tape Ministry, C 92), He asserts that it is a doctrine under immense threat and generates a lot of attacks today even from people claiming to be Reformed . 161 Or John 6:37
159

158

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embrace Christ freely, as he is offered to us in the gospel162. The elect are made willing in the day of His power163 and are thus sweetly drawn to the saviour, having been made alive to God. By this definition, it is very clear that the inward effectual call or effective call as Gruden coins it, responds to the free offer of the gospel and explains why no two people react the same to the gospel preached on the same occasion, similar environment or circumstances. One walks away totally unaffected, if not infuriated while another descends into deep conviction resulting in a thorough sound conversion. The explanation is that the one is not regenerated by the Spirit while the other is. The word is therefore the instrument or means God uses to awaken the elect. In Romans 8 the apostle mentions calling, definitely referring to calling out of darkness through the regenerating work of the Spirit. Having been effectually called or regenerated, the person is imparted with saving faith, enabling him/her to call upon the saviour resulting in justification, adoption and sanctification. Our primary focus in this treatise however is on regeneration to which we now turn tracing it from its historical roots right up to the present day. Historical development of the doctrine How did this doctrine of regeneration develop? Was it actually part of what the apostles held and taught, or like the Trinity, was a doctrine that evolved over time as men pondered on many aspects of scripture? Did it arise out of some controversy and refined over time as other major doctrines? We seek to unearth164 these facts in the present chapter as well as demonstrate that this is not a new doctrine. It was held and taught by Christ himself, his Apostles and right across the corridors of the centuries although it may have appeared lost along the way. We shall also demonstrate that this truth was expressly taught or implied by various theological giants as well as saintly people across the ages. The fact that the 1000 year Dark Age was covered with spiritual darkness in the church in general does not mean that the truth was completely snuffed out. It was there because in every age, God always has his remnant that hold on to truth, albeit in the minority, and at many times a persecuted, neglected detested lot. We trust that this consideration will convince the doubter while strengthening the faith of those wondering why we ought to make much of an issue. Before progressing, however, let us hear what the venerable James I Packer says on this matter before us in one of his writings (in this case, the Elwell Evangelical Dictionary): The fathers did not formulate the concept of regeneration precisely. They equated it, broadly speaking, with baptismal grace, which to them meant primarily (to Pelagius, exclusively) remission of sins. Augustine realized, and vindicated against Pelagianism, the necessity for prevenient grace to make man trust and love God, but he did not precisely equate this grace with regeneration. The
162 163

PP 220, Body of Divinity, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1958 edition Psalm 110:3ff 164 I.e. to make clear, highlight or bring to the fore that which has apparently lain covered over in recently decades.

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Reformers reaffirmed the substance of Augustine's doctrine of prevenient grace, and Reformed theology still maintains it. Calvin used the term "regeneration" to cover man's whole subjective renewal, including conversion and sanctification. Many seventeenth century Reformed Theologians equated regeneration with effectual calling and conversion with regeneration (hence the systematic mistranslation of epistrepho, "turn," as a passive, "be converted," in the AV); later Reformed theology has defined regeneration more narrowly, as the implanting of the "seed" from which faith and repentance spring (I John 3:9) in the course of effectual calling. Arminianism constructed the doctrine of regeneration synergistically, making man's renewal dependent on his prior cooperation with grace; liberalism constructed it naturalistically, identifying regeneration with a moral change or a religious experience165. The fathers lost the biblical understanding of the sacraments as signs to stir up faith and seals to confirm believers in possession of the blessings signified, and so came to regard baptism as conveying the regeneration which it signified (Titus 3:5) ex opere operato to those who did not obstruct its working. Since infants could not do this, all baptized infants were accordingly held to be regenerated. This view has persisted in all the non-Reformed churches of Christendom, and among sacramentalists within Protestantism.166 We may add and state from the outset that the new birth was largely enshrouded in Justification by faith during the Reformation unlike at any other earlier time. Later generations would however tease out this truth so that it is clearly identified, appreciated and understood in its complex web of interconnected doctrines. The New Dictionary of Theology167 mentions some interesting historical aspects to this doctrine. This volume is worth reading as it is in a highly summarised form. Basically the dictionary states that regeneration and baptism were viewed in a particular light i.e. when one gets saved, they immediately get baptised. This practice led to a situation where the actual essence of regeneration in relation to baptism was lost with further introductions of infant and baptismal regeneration, which some churches still hold today. It was however the Anabaptists and later the Reformers followed by the Puritans who basically recovered this lost doctrine. The Great Evangelical awakening was like the icing in the cake as it clearly and vigorously brought the doctrine to the fore. For now, we trace the doctrine as far back as we can go. a. Old Testament: The Old Testament generally does not explicitly deal with or mention regeneration but shows aspects of it in a number of passages. While tracing this doctrine in the Old Testament, we need to be mindful of one major point, that unlike in the New Testament, the Spirit did not permanently dwell in believers in the sense we know it in

To some extent, liberation theology falls in the same category with its primary focus on physical, mental freedoms arising from an alternative interpretation of scripture. Thus, the inward transformation is not critical, at least in most of their writings rather than advocacy issues that take the centre stage. 166 Refer to the following site: http://mb-soft.com/believe/txs/regenera.htm, accessed on 26/08/2010 167 New Dictionary of Theology, pp 574

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the New168. A survey of the Spirits dealings in the Old Testament will reveal that the Trinitarian God has always worked in unison, Father, Son and Spirit, regardless of which Testament169. At creation, the Spirit is mentioned170 and when Adam and Eve are created, it is certain that they had the Spirit of God indwelling them could thus be dubbed a Trichotomy (i.e. body, soul and spirit)171. When the fall however occurred, spiritual death reined and thus would only be rectified in the new creation. We can therefore safely assert that after the fall, the Spirit would selectively indwell some people at particular times for a purpose and then depart when that task was accomplished. The cases of Joseph, Samson and David come to mind. But there are also other passages in scripture that are prophetic or point to a future age to come when the Spirit would be poured out on all flesh and thus permanently dwell in believers as was the case before the fall. The Joel 2:28ff case comes to mind. As relates to regeneration, perhaps the best and most explicit passages we have in the Old Testament are found in Jeremiah 13, Ezekiel 36 and 37172 where a clear portrayal of the new birth is spelt out. We can also argue about cases of salvation, and therefore regeneration in Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Rahab and David among many. One has even suggested the case in 2 Kings 13:21 as figuratively pointing to regeneration! That said, we would not be far from the truth to state that all these (i.e. David, Rehab etc) are spoken of elsewhere in scripture as having known the Lord in a salvific sense. The Late Dr George Smeatons volume, The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit, gives helpful insights into the work of the Holy Spirit right across the scriptures, including the Old Testament. We can therefore safely conclude that God was at work in human hearts long before the advent of the Christ. This would however become clearer in the New covenant. b. New Testament (AD 4-70)173: When John the Baptist was born and subsequently ventured into the wilderness only to emerge later as a fiery preacher, he preached repentance because the right time for the messiah to be manifest had arrived. A 400 year
i.e. after the fall in Genesis 3 There is need to jealously guard against Sabellanism though! 170 E.g. Genesis 1:2 171 I Thessalonians 5:23, though as highlighted above, many worthy and prominent theologians like Hendrickson hold dichotomy. To them, soul and spirit are one and the same thing, hence their interchangeable use in scripture. Thankfully, I also have atleast one historical giant on my side, CH Spurgeon. This is what he remarked once in commenting on Romans 8:23: This groaning is universal among the saints: to a greater or less extent we all feel it. It is not the groan of murmuring or complaint: It is rather the note of desire than of distress. Having received an earnest, we desire the whole of our portion; we are sighing that our entire man hood, in its trinity of spirit, soul and body, may be set free from the last vestige of the fall; we long to put off corruption, weakness, and dishonor, and to wrap ourselves in incorruption, in immortality, in glory, in the spiritual body which the Lord Jesus will bestow upon His people. (quoted from Spurgeons Morning & Evening daily devotional readings on evening of December 4). Clearly, this Theologian held a trichotomist view. 172 Although opponents to monergistic regeneration object that these passages refer to the Nation of Israel rather than individual renewal. There could be merit in this argument but what makes up a nation, is it not individuals? In that case, these renewed individuals collectively make up the nation!!!! 173 Some argue that the New Testament starts after the Lords supper while others argue that it starts about 4 BC not 4 AD. This latter group places John the Baptist as the last prophet in the Old Testament.
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period had elapsed without a direct revelation from on high before God raised Christs emissary in the person of John. His message was simple, bold and direct. Although the baptiser may have sounded a very rough speaker, the message this prophet carried was extremely important as he pointed people afresh to the long awaited Saviour-Jesus Christ. Of John, as in the language of Isaiah, it may be rightly said that he was not the light itself but one that prepared the way174. We may further argue that in preaching repentance, John was alluding to conversion assuming that regeneration would take place by the finger of God after the Christ had accomplished His mission. For John says of the Christ that He would baptise people with the Holy Spirit (John 1:33). The Messiah himself talked about regeneration as he discoursed with Nicodemus as well as alluded to this work of God in other passages. Recall the discourse in the chapters 14 -16 of the book of John? Jesus states that it was necessary for Him to go to the Father for the Spirit to come and permanently indwell believers. What about the discourse with the woman at the well recorded in John 4? Jesus states that a time would come when God would not dwell in Temples made by men but in the hearts of His people. But that is not all, Jesus apostles would more clearly teach the new birth as they carry on the work of Christ in the historical book of Acts as well as the Epistles. Paul, Peter and James all talk about the new birth in explicit terms, proving that when a person is converted, they will in effect already have been regenerated by Holy Spirit. Thus, when Jesus died about AD 32175, His apostles held and taught that the new birth was essential rather than a mere adherence or observance of the law. When addressing the Jew, they would stress that salvation was more than just mere proof by miracles but the actual essence of the message of the CrossJesus Christ. If it was the logical Greeks the apostle was dealing with, demanding wisdom, logical arguments and so forth, the apostles would again point them to the cross and emphasise that even wisdom of the scholar was of none effect. Where is the wise man and the scholar, the Prophet or Apostle would ask. As they travelled around in the midst of trials, temptation and persecution, the apostles offered valuable advice and direction to the churches as was the case in Acts 15 for instance. As age, fatigue, affliction and persecution intensified, the apostles, one after the other begun to lay down their lives for Christ. Some perished by the sword, others were speared or beheaded while some were offered to wild animals, burnt at the stake or died of old age. As death approached and in the bid to dispel some of the early heresies of the time, the apostles penned down epistles which have served as a more sure record for future generations of the church. Their successors, often extensively quoted from their letters and in some cases almost re wrote entire epistles! So meticulous were the early Christians about the
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By that token, theologians like Robert Brow summise that John was not part of the Kingdom Jesus was to introduce!??? Others like Gresham Machen and Oscar J Boyd put it between AD 26-30 (A brief Bible History: A survey of the Old and New Testaments)

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truth of God. By AD 70176, many of the apostles had been gathered to their fathers, though a few still lingered around. But what did the apostles teach? In Acts 2:42, we read of the apostles doctrine while is Acts 18:24-26 we read of Apollos teaching accurately about Jesus though he had some deficiency somewhere which the missionary couple swiftly correct. The content of their teaching has not been made known to us but a sanctified guess would include the person and work of the Holy Spirit for we read in Acts 6 that the Apostles recommend that the deacon must be filled with the Holy Spirit meaning that the church must have been conversant with the work of the Spirit as promised by Jesus both before He died or ascended to Heaven (Acts 1:8). Thus, when John, the last apostle talks about being born of God he most probably has in mind the Nicodemus discourse as well as his declaration in John 1:12-14. For John, while combating Docetism and Gnosticism, it is clear in his mind that certain traits and marks set apart the children of God. One of them is having the seed of God in their hearts as well as not being able to commit the sin that leads to death (I John 3: 9; 5:16-18). As the apostle writes, John at some point mentions a resurrection as well as being dead177 in relation individuals and to a number of churches. Polycarp and others therefore clearly understood the apostle John and thus carried on to the next era. c. Apostolic Fathers (AD 70-200): This is a company of a few early Christian leaders that had direct personal contact with the 12 Apostles. They were instructed by and learnt from the apostles and they themselves wrote matters that are considered valuable though not divine or inspired like the Apostles writings. They therefore appeared on the scene in the second half of the first century and the first half of the second century. Among these Apostolic fathers are Polycarp of Smyrna, St. Ignatius of Antioch and Clement of Rome. d. Church fathers (AD 200-500): The later Church fathers (although the apostolic fathers were themselves church fathers) came after the apostolic fathers. Most of these did not have the privilege of meeting the Lord or his 12 apostles. They were however instructed and had personal contact with the apostolic fathers or their writings. At about that time, many heresies sprung up and it was thus the duty of these Church fathers to rise to the occasion to defend the faith. They were not only theologians but defenders of the faith using various apologetic approaches. According to one Wikipedia site, it defines these as: A Church Father is anyone who (1) taught orthodox doctrine and learning, (2) possessed holiness of life, and (3) had a certain antiquity. Early authors who do not possess these qualities are considered ecclesiastical writers.178From this definition,
AD 70 is an important calendar date in Jewish history because the Temple was destroyed and generated untold affliction to the Jews. The Jewish historian Josephus writes about this event which fulfils Christs prophecy recorded in Matthew 24. The Commander Titus directed the destruction of the temple due to Jewish rebellion. 177 E.g. Revelation 3:1; John 5:25-29 178 Refer to this site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Father , accessed on 05/08/2010
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clearly, this may include both the apostolic fathers and others close to their generation, probably into the next two to three centuries. In this case, it could include Athanasius, Cyril, Chrysostom, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria (notably the first to differentiate regeneration usage largely in OT (i.e. eschatological sense) and Spiritual regeneration as found in Titus 3:5)179, Tertullian, Ambrose of Milan, Cyprian of Carthage, Jerome of Stridonium, Augustine of Hippo and Origen among many. These gave themselves to both teaching and defending the faith. What did these Fathers teach? Various things but they ensured that the truth was fine tuned and preserved. They wrestled with heretics, corrected teaching and pointed people back to the scriptures. In other words, they were not only Theologians but preachers, teachers and defenders of the faith (apologists) in some cases. We look in more detail on some notable ones earlier mentioned above. e. Athanasius (296-373) Athanasius is definitely known as the champion and defender of the Trinitarian doctrine, especially as relates to the divinity of Jesus Christ. His contention revolved around the doctrine of Salvation which he held that when a person is converted, they become like God, though not God himself. The deification doctrine which he tenaciously held from 2 Peter 1:4, Athanasius taught that God works in the hearts of men through the person of Christ to make them partakers of the divine nature. Clearly for this champion, regeneration was implied in his teaching because only God can make people like Himself. He is quoted to have said: No-one else but the image of the Father could recreate human beings in Gods image. No-one else but our Lord Jesus Christ, who is life itself, could give immortality to mortal humans. No-one else but the Logos, who imparts order to everything and is the one true and only begotten Son of the Father, could teach us about the Father and destroy idolatryHe became human that we might become divine; He revealed Himself in a body that we might see the invisible Father.180 We can see that though he may not have had the developed or refined doctrine of regeneration as we know it today, it was an assumed truth when someone becomes converted. f. St Augustine (354-430): was a valiant Bishop at Hippo, North Africa and is known for his remarkable conversion as well as his sound doctrinal convictions. Augustine was born and raised in North Western Africa (present day Algeria) into an interesting family, for his father was a pagan while his mother (Monica) a saint. Having lived a riotous life, Augustine came to the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ (about AD 386, after reading Romans 13:13-14) and made rapid progress in his new found Christian faith eventually ending up as Bishop (i.e. AD 396-430). He is said to have uttered the famous saying:
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Refer to this helpful site: http://www.biblereferenceguide.com/keywords/regeneration.html, accessed on 26/08/2010 to get better insight. 180 As quoted by Needham, 2000 years of Christs Power (Part one) pp210

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Our souls are restless until they rest in you as referring to God. It was during his tenure as Bishop at Hippo that he heard of and became embroidered in several controversies (including Donatism) most of which he won or was vindicated posthumously. He is notably known for having contended with Pelagianism, which heretical teaching he vigorously wrestled with only being fully vindicated a year after his death in AD 431. The man attacked Pelagianism with all his might that the pen could muster but was a bit tolerant with the Semi-Pelagians (or better still semi-Augustinians) as he viewed them as brethren simply in error as opposed to the heretics, the Pelagians. Augustine is reputed to have reasoned on and laid the ground for the doctrine of Total depravity of all human beings as well as the need for God to quicken dead sinners enabling them to accept Christ. He argued both from reason and scripture, clearly demonstrating that human beings are in desperate need of Gods intervention without which spiritual death reigns to their just condemnation. From his deep sound arguments, one can see that he was inclined towards the Infralapsarian position of predestination although even he mysteriously allowed for loss of salvation, suppose a person did not continue in a state of grace and holiness. None the less, his position assumed regeneration and was thus adopted by most of the Reformers. Like all other men, Augustine had his clay feet for he held that any one claiming to have faith outside the Catholic Church could not possibly be saved181 (i.e. Roman Catholic), was thus lost and damned forever. He held and taught that salvation came through the Roman Church which the Reformers rejected stating that salvation was directly to the soul by the Spirit of God not through the Church. Another blot in the man is that he saw nothing wrong with infant baptism. In fact, he used this to argue for original sins reality! None the less, Augustine was a very solid, able theologian182 whose legacy still guides our thinking today. g. The dark ages183 (AD 450-1450)184: The Dark Age is so called because there was heavy pitch dark spiritual cloud that covered the world185 where the Christian Church had once
Needham, 2000 years of Christs power, (part one) pp 246 Needham suggests that many actually regard Augustine as the greatest theologian since the Apostle Paul, pp240, volume 1, 2000 years of Christs power 183 Although some dispute the term dark age in preference for Middle age or some other term. We use this in respect to spiritual darkness not intellectual development or culture per se. We also refer to it because it was the age in which Romanism reigned supreme after the fall of the Roman empire (i.e. in 476 AD). Note also what the Wikipedia site accessed on 05/08/2010 has to say in relation to this age as relates to the Renaissance/Reformation: The first British historian to use the term was most likely Gilbert Burnet, in the form "darker ages", which appears several times in his work in the last quarter of the 17th century. His earliest use of it seems to have been in 1679 in the "Epistle Dedicatory" to Volume I of The History of the Reformation of the Church of England, where he writes: "The design of the reformation was to restore Christianity to what it was at first, and to purge it of those corruptions, with which it was overrun in the later and darker ages.", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Ages, accessed on 05/08/2010 184 Some place it as having commenced about AD 606 (while others place it at AD 476) when the first official pope was named, though prior to this, the various Bishops placed at different points were equally influential for a time. Of the five Bishops, two were embroidered in serious scuffle of superiority until AD 606 or there about. Refer to Stenhouse book The sin of Sectarianism, 1957.
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flourished as an agile organism whose seed was the blood of the Martyrs. When Constantine recognised and declared the Christian Religion as official over the entire Roman Empire, the church quickly slid into worldliness, because tussles ensued between and among church officers, each claiming and clammering to be noticed. They all craved worldly pomp and power that Constantines regime offered. This development made the church immediately attractive to the heathen and was soon infested with people masquerading to be saints but whose sole motive or aim was to access power. Some succeeded while others failed. The relative ease, peace and tranquillity that the church enjoyed at that stage led to lowering of: guards, aspiration, self exertion, consecration and diligence. Most of these graces literary ceased. Holiness became the exception rather than the rule. But there was more. The Bishop at Rome and the Bishop at Constantinople186 (capital established by Constantine in AD 330) were locked in a power struggle as to who was superior. Eventually, the Pope in the Western church based at Rome prevailed and eventually wielded comparatively more power even over political potentates. As the centuries went by, the Papacy assumed greater power and strength, thus placing itself even above the scriptures. The Pope came to claim apostolic succession stating that the Apostle Peter was the first Pope. The Roman Church further claimed that the Pope was infallible, the Vicar of Christ and could add to Scripture. Idolatry, tradition, superstition, and many vices became the order of the day. Successive popes were merely political figures hidden in a religious garb. Some of them were seriously immoral and fathered illegitimate children (or bastards, in the language of the King James Version). Thus, the Roman Catholic Church reigned over the state for a thousand years187. In between, some interesting events also took place. The rise of Islam in the seventh century out of a reaction to the rank idolatry then common in the Church. The Crusades in the 11th and 12th centuries designed to stop the advance of Islam into Europe as well as reclaim Jerusalem (or the holy lands) was an epoch making event where millions of souls perished. But God also retained unique individuals within her (Church) ranks who distinguished themselves as they sought after holiness as they best knew how. We have in mind here St Bernard of Clairvaux188 (1091- 1153), St Francis of Assisi (Giovanni Francesco di Bernardone; 1181/1182 October 3, 1226) Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), Thomas A Kempis (1380-1471) among many. These and a few others (including the
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Another voice, Nancy Pearcey adds her voice stating that the middle or dark ages were not completely full of superstition or no progress at all. Nancy says the following in the Pro Rege June 2002 issue: The middle ages are no longer denigrated as a time of superstition and irrationality. Instead, contemporary historians tend to express respect for medieval philosophy and theology as the matrix from which early modern science emerged (page 3). Grant , who has devoted his entire career studying Medieval era holds similar views, if not stronger. This clearly demonstrates the fact that it was a mixed bag though largely the scriptures appeared largely unknown by the masses in the sense we know and appreciate them today. 186 This was conquered by the Turks in 1453 and some say this signaled the end of the middle/dark age. 187 Though Stenhouse mentions a group in that period called the Paulicans who refused to bow the knee to the Pope and you can imagine the wrath they incurred from the Papists! 188 Author of the hymn: Jesus the very thought of thee

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hermits) seemed to have seen a bit of the evangel though it is not clear that they actually closed in with Christ. However, their longing after purity, sanctity, piety and aversion to wickedness made them stand out. But there were the Monks and Hermits that separated themselves from the rest of the world, establishing their monasteries (monasticism, largely in the western church) far from civilisation and the world, hoping that they then could be pure. They were mistaken but their motives sincere though still tainted with sin. During the Dark Age therefore, we seek to trace the trickle of regeneration teaching and the bright meteorites God raised in those distant degenerate days, now locked away in the irretrievable past. The renaissance would come along and cast off this dark blanket for better things that were to come. For now, we focus on the early reformers and then progressively consider other spiritual giants as the centuries rolled on. h. The Forerunners to the reformation The forerunners to the Reformation were scattered individuals springing up at different points of the earth whose light could hardly be visible beyond their immediate context and thus not enough to spark a revolution. They came and went having demonstrated flashes of seraphic bright flashes but were soon snuffed out by the forbidding pitch black darkness that had settled over mankind. None the less, their lonely isolated battle cries did not go unnoticed by the world and were echoed for later generations who would draw immense encouragement or confirmation for their cause. This was scarcely a trickle or stream because numbers play a significant role in ensuring effective change. The fore-runners were like the first or last stars over the horizon before sunset or sunrise. They pointed to what would come, though delayed, but would certainly come in the fullness of time, and for sure the flood came in the 1500s and thereafter. 1. The Waldenses (12th century onwards): This is a group of saintly people who stood for truth and were referred to as the poor men of Lyon. This band was started by one Peter Waldo, a wealthy merchant at Lyon who eventually disposed off all his property turning to preaching apostolic poverty in an attempt to reach perfection. The Waldenses were not accepted as orthodox until the Pope recognised them for a season on condition that they did not preach. The Waldenses disobeyed and were thus declared heretics. Persecution would continue for many centuries afterwards. For instance, in 1211, over 80 of them were burnt at the stake in Strasbourg. They paid heavily for their perceived extreme positions such as holding onto the Bible as the sole authority in matters of life and doctrine. The Columbia Encyclopaedia sixth edition says the following: The Waldenses proclaimed the Bible as the sole rule of life and faith. They rejected the papacy, purgatory, indulgences, and the mass, and laid great stress on gospel simplicity. Worship services consisted of readings from the Bible, the Lord's Prayer, and sermons, which they believed could be preached by all
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Christians as depositaries of the Holy Spirit. Their distinctive pre-Reformation doctrines are set forth in the Waldensian Catechism (c.1489). 189 The descendants of this valiant group of saints are still with us today and numbered among Reformed congregations in the USA. We could also talk about the valiant Albigines who equally stood firm for truth but for now, we pass over them as we consider others that demonstrated a measure of light and thus have left an indelible mark upon the corridors of the centuries. 2. Thomas Aquinas (Aquino, 1225 Fossanova, 7 March 1274): A very deep immensely influential philosophical thinker and author of various definitive works upon which the Roman Catholic bases its theology190. He was posthumously conferred the title of Doctor though in his life time was not as highly regarded by the church. Thomas Aquinas, an Italian Priest (of the Dominican order), grew up in his native Italy (Aquino) but was educated in various places in Europe ending up as Professor and teacher at various institutions of learning. Being a deep thinker, and having been influenced by some prior Greek philosophers (i.e. Aristotle), Aquinas contended that the Christian faith was intelligible and the knowledge of God could be attained or proved through reason. He thus, set to work to prove this by writing and teaching, at times being misunderstood. His monumental work is the Summa Theologica where he presented his systematic thoughts bringing out his mental genius, although some of his conclusions were more philosophical than Biblical. For instance, he talked about natural and special revelation as well as attempted the first kind of systematic theology. We here quote a section from his Summa on article 12 where he says the following in relation to revelation and reason: Whether we can know God in life by natural reason?... I answer that our natural knowledge takes its beginning from sense. Hence our natural knowledge can go so far as it can be led by sensible things. But our mind cannot be led by sense so far as to see the essence of God, because the sensible effects of God do not equal the power of God as their cause. Hence from the knowledge of sensible things the whole power of God cannot be known; nor therefore can His essence be seen. But because they are effects and depend on their cause, we can be led from them so far as we know God whether He exists, and know of God whether He exists, and know of Him what must necessarily belong to Him as the first cause by Him. Hence we know of His relationship with creatures that He is the cause of them all; also that creatures differ from Him, since He is not in any way part of what is caused by Him by reason of any defect on His

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Refer to: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Waldenses.aspx , See study by E. Cameron (1984),accessed on 16th July 2010 In fact the Roman Church considers him the greatest Theologian and Philosophical thinker. Pope Benedict XV declared that Aquinas doctrine was the Churchs own position.

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part, but because He super exceeds them all... 191 Further, in article 13 Aquinas says: Whether by Grace a higher knowledge of God can be obtained than by natural reason?...I answer that, we have a more perfect knowledge of God by grace than by natural reason....The knowledge which we have by natural reason requires two things: phantasms received from sensible objects, and the natural intelligible light, whose power we abstract from intelligible concepts. Now in both of these human knowledge is assisted by the revelation of grace. For the intellects natural light is strengthened by the infusion of gratuitous light. And sometimes also phantasms in the human imagination are divinely formed, as to express divine things better than those do which we receive from sensible things, as appears in prophetic visions; while some sensible things, or even voices, are divinely formed to express something divine, as in Baptism, the Holy Ghost was seen in the shape of a dove, and the voice of the Father was heard, This is my beloved Son.192 From these brief quotes, we can see that Thomas had a correct idea about reason and divine revelation but as to whether he really held regeneration is difficult to definitively conclude. He certainly had a clear mind on the issue of revelation. Having toiled all his life to reform, teach and bring about change in his context, Aquinas suffered a depression in which he expressed disillusionment declaring that all his monumental works were as useless as straw. Thomas died shortly thereafter. We may not agree with all that this man stood for but one thing is sure, he sought after God and did all he could to discover Him through scripture and natural Greek Philosophy193. Very few have risen unto his industrious stature. 3. John Wycliffe (c. 1324 31 December 1384): Wycliffe has been rightly called as the Morning star of the Reformation because he was the first to translate the (Wycliffe) Bible into vernacular English from the Vulgate (Latin). His dream was to have every English person whether peasant or noble have access to a Bible. As a Reformist, theologian, preacher and writer he was unmatched in his time and organised companies of lay preachers (called Lollards) that went around proclaiming the gospel. In a day when the Bible was locked away in Latin and scarcely seen or known, these Lollards contributed to the evangelisation of the English nation. As a result of advancing the cause of Christ in preaching, Wycliffe attracted the wrath of the Papacy who hunted him all the way nearly to his death in 1384. Thank fully he escaped but
Great Books of the Western World, Britannica Volumes 1 & 2 (# 19& 20), pp 61. These great volumes house some of the greater works of Aquinas and the articles 12 & 13 thus quoted are from his Summa Theologica as published by the Britannica. 192 Ibid, pp 61-62 193 His epistemology reveals something of his views in relation to the Knowledge of God. We quote the Wikipedia site at length in relation to Aquinas: Aquinas believed "that for the knowledge of any truth whatsoever man needs divine help, that the intellect may be moved by God to its act."[50] However, he believed that human beings have the natural capacity to know many things without special divine revelation, even though such revelation occurs from time to time, "especially in regard to [topics of] faith."[5. Refer to the following site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas , accessed on 05/08/2010.
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about eighty years later, his remains were exhumed and burnt whose ashes were hurled into the sea. John held Justification by faith, though not as refined or hammered out as by Martin Luther in a later generation. He must have therefore held regeneration which brings people into the glorious liberty of the gospel. Wycliffe once wrote: "If a man believe in Christ, and make a point of his belief, then the promise that God hath made to come into the land of light shall be given by virtue of Christ, to all men that make this the chief matter." In a book194, Wycliffe makes more of his scriptural insights known which no doubt helped many souls in his day and long after he had physically exited the earth. 4. John Huss (1372-1415): Jan Hus, as he is known in some circles, was a Bohemian Roman Catholic who came across the scriptures and studied them. He developed theological convictions which eventually opposed any unethical abuses of the Church. This brought him into sharp conflict with the Church and was eventually burnt at the stake in 1415. Some of his theological convictions were passed on to Martin Luther and others later who wondered why a person of his calibre suffered such a cruel death. Although he may not have primarily been known as a theologian, his polemical works demonstrate deep learning and unusual evangelical theological depth and prowess. 5. Thomas Akempis (ca. 1380 25 July 1471): A very devout devotional Catholic monk born and raised in the lower Rhine region (Kampen), Germany. Thomas was educated within Germany and later was ordained Priest in 1413 or 1414. He belonged to a group of mystics that then occupied most of the Rhine valley from Switzerland all the way to the Netherlands. Thus it is hardly surprising that his lifes work revolved around close meditation and thinking. A very devotional and religious monk who earnestly sought the ways of the lord spending many hours in holy meditation and solitude. He would later devote himself to copying or translating works, the Bible as well as write his own contemplations. His best known work is of the Imitation of Christ largely attributed to him although some have argued that he merely translated it rather than wrote it. There is however sufficient evidence suggesting that he was the actual author of this lively devotional work scarcely having an equal in his age or after. From his writings, it is striking that he had a correct view on many issues relating to Christian character as well as suggesting our allegiance to the Bible alone as our authority, long before Zwingli and other later Reformers proclaimed this. We quote his Imitations of Christ at length: BLESSED is he who appreciates what it is to love Jesus and who despises himself for the sake of Jesus. Give up all other love
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Christ stilling the storm

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for His, since He wishes to be loved alone above all things. Affection for creatures is deceitful and inconstant, but the love of Jesus is true and enduring. He who clings to a creature will fall with its frailty, but he who gives himself to Jesus will ever be strengthened. Love Him, then; keep Him as a friend. He will not leave you as others do, or let you suffer lasting death. Sometime, whether you will or not, you will have to part with everything. Cling, therefore, to Jesus in life and death; trust yourself to the glory of Him who alone can help you when all others fail. Your Beloved is such that He will not accept what belongs to anotherHe wants your heart for Himself alone, to be enthroned therein as King in His own right. If you but knew how to free yourself entirely from all creatures, Jesus would gladly dwell within you. You will find, apart from Him, that nearly all the trust you place in men is a total loss. MY CHILD, when you feel the desire for everlasting happiness poured out upon you from above, and when you long to depart out of the tabernacle of the body that you may contemplate My glory without threat of change, open wide your heart and receive this holy inspiration with all eagerness. Give deepest thanks to the heavenly Goodness which deals with you so understandingly, visits you so mercifully, stirs you so fervently, and sustains you so powerfully lest under your own weight you sink down to earthly things. For you obtain this not by your own thought or effort, but simply by the condescension of heavenly grace and divine regard. And the purpose of it is that you may advance in virtue and in greater humility, that you may prepare yourself for future 179 trials, that you may strive to cling to me with all the affection of your heart, and may serve me with a fervent will. My child, often, when the fire is burning the flame does not ascend without smoke. Likewise, the desires of some burn toward heavenly things, and yet they are not free from temptations of carnal affection. Therefore, it is not altogether for the pure honour of God that they act when they petition Him so earnestly. Such, too, is often your desire which you profess to be so strong. For that which is alloyed with self-interest is not pure and perfect. Ask, therefore, not for what is pleasing and convenient to yourself, but for what is acceptable to me and is for my honour, because if you judge rightly, you ought to prefer and follow my will, not your own desire or whatever things you wish. I know your longings and I have heard your frequent sighs. Already you wish to be in the liberty of the glory of the sons of God. Already you desire the delights of the eternal home, the heavenly land that is full of joy. But that hour is not yet come. There remains
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yet another hour, a time of war, of labour, and of trial. You long to be filled with the highest good, but you cannot attain it now. I am that sovereign good. Await me, until the kingdom of God shall come TRUTH, not eloquence, is to be sought in reading the Holy Scriptures; and every part must be read in the spirit in which it was written. For in the Scriptures we ought to seek profit rather than polished diction. Likewise we ought to read simple and devout books as willingly as learned and profound ones. We ought not to be swayed by the authority of the writer, whether he be a great literary light or an insignificant person, but by the love of simple truth. We ought not to ask who is speaking, but mark what is said. Men pass away, but the truth of the Lord remains forever. God speaks to us in many ways without regard for persons. Of this gentleman, it may be justly said that this phrase summarised his life: "In all things I sought quiet and found it not save in retirement and in books." We can certainly see that this monk was not only devotional but had the right principles and doctrinal inclination in some areas. But we must hurry on and meet the next intriguing character, whom some people have dubbed, the Father of Apologetics, Savonarola. 6. Girolamo Savonarola (21 September 1452, Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna 23 May 1498, Florence): Was a robust eloquent deep thinking Italian Roman Catholic priest (Dominican Friar) who over time developed convictions that were somewhat Biblical though not acceptable to the decayed Church. Girolamo read the Latin scriptures and with time questioned the practices and abuses of the church laity or clergy. Being an able debater and somewhat excellent apocalyptic communicator (thus, some argue that he was a preacher rather than a theologian), he preached increasingly powerful sermons to the extent that the higher powers of the church took note and progressively moved in to silence him. This vigorous attack on corrupt morality would cost him his life, being burnt as a heretic but vindicated by posterity many years later. Savonarola has been known as a social Reformer in that he used the scripture as his basis for judgement as well as an astute apologetic, defending Gods word in an age where the Bible was locked away in Latin. What did he teach or believe about salvation? James E Dainty, in his great PhD Thesis195 has stated thus about this towering reformer under the section Medieval Soteriology: A great deal of dispute centred around the issue of regeneration. Could a man choose to repent and God respond in the grace of regeneration. Or as Luther taught, following Augustine, mans will is in bondage and so regeneration is a free act of grace on the part of God. Calvin spelled out the Christian doctrine of Predestination, more completely, according to which a person's ultimate destiny, whether it be salvation or damnation, is determined by God alone prior to, and apart from, any worth or merit on the person's part. Some claimed that God only determines those to be saved; while others said that he also determines those to be condemned. The latter teaching is called
195

Under the section: Medieval Soteriology1st November 2008

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double predestination. The debate turned upon those who wanted to apply logic to the concept of Gods sovereignty, and those who wanted to be affirming of Mans moral responsibility. Yet almost all agreed that salvation was through faith in Jesus Christ and his sacrificial death196 Dainty demonstrates that Savonarola held salvation by grace through faith though from a semi-pelagian perspective. Although James does not expressly state that Savonarola was a semi-pelagian theologian, it is evident when he compares him to Sproul, whom he dubs a Hyper Calvinist197. That said, Savonarola was a reformer in embryo form because he raised pertinent questions long before any other person did in Italy. No wonder Martin Luther and even Calvin himself considered Girolamo a Reformer. CH Spurgeon also had high views about this man.

7. The Anabaptists (1500s): This is a sect of believers that developed during the radical Protestant Reformation. The basic tenet of the Anabaptists is their rejection of infant baptism (or even credo-baptism) in preference to the Biblical mode of believers baptism by immersion on public profession of faith. Thus, any one baptised in infancy was required to be properly baptised by immersion, thus the Greek name, Anabaptist or re-baptisers. This radical stance ruffled not a few feathers including some of the main line Reformers like John Calvin. It is therefore little wonder that both the Roman Catholics and Protestants persecuted this company of believers, accusing them of being heretical or apostate. It is also interesting that pockets of Charismatic groups were found among the Anabaptists of the age. The Anabaptists are a diverse group including Baptists (although some hold that the English Puritans and Baptists do not originate from the Anabaptists though were heavily influenced by them), Mennonites, Brethren in Christ, Hutterites, Church of the Brethren and the Quakers among many. These held and taught Justification by faith, exclusively baptised those that were so justified by faith. In addition, they held that the Sermon on the Mount had to be literally interpreted. The Anabaptists definitely have etched a place for truth on the page of history and worth emulating in many senses. 8. The Huguenots (1550-1700s): A group of French Protestants heavily influenced by the teachings of John Calvin. After some heavy persecution, they spread out across Europe and beyond. They were thus Calvinistic and held on to the doctrines of grace. Today, they are known as the French Protestants, having been hewn from the Protestant Reformed Church. Thousands of Huguenots (about 3,000) were slaughtered on St. Bartholomews day which is remembered to this day. The reason was basically for their belief and insistence on correct reformed doctrine. Truth is
196
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Dainty E James, Girolamo Savonarola: The forgotten father of apologetics, PhD Thesis, Pp 67-74 Refer to Calvinism or Hyper Calvinism compilation by Ernest C Reisinger & Thomas K Ascol for a clearer treatment of what constitutes either of these. It appears people confuse these terms as to what they exactly mean. The small volume draws thoughts from different theological giants. Chapel Library in USA printed this booklet, 1989.

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often in the minority as some have correctly observed. Beza had a soft spot for these persecuted saints and did everything he could to help them. i. The Reformers The Reformers were a company of individuals that were divinely raised by God in separate places and at different times. These people or individuals grew up as ordinary individuals who after some time of interacting with scripture developed Biblical convictions. This revelation naturally led them into trouble with the authorities because they soon begun to question and attack the abuses of the church which were clearly at variance with the word of God. Whilst mostly acting as separate individuals, these people sparked a fire and revolution that would affect the entire Europe towards the scriptures and away from men or traditions. As Tudor Jones rightly points out in his book The Great Reformation, the Reformation was by no means uniform or coordinated from one central point. It took different twists, shades and turns with different focus and emphasis. For instance, Zwingli in Zurich emphasised that only what was commanded and taught in scripture had to be accepted while anything outside it was to be rejected. Martin Luther, in Germany held a different position. Calvins reform at Geneva took another direction. The Reformers none the less all had one burden, to ensure that the church was liberated from the pitch darkness that had engulfed the world away from God. Though sparks of dawn light was shown by the forerunners to the Reformation, the Reformers would ensure that this Augustinian fire was launched and furthered by the English Puritans and others after them. In this section therefore, we visit some significant Reformers that were pivotal in the game change. We commence our consideration with the venerable John Calvin: 1. John Calvin (1509-1564): John Calvin no doubt is probably historically the most influential Theologian after the apostle Paul. His rise to fame is interesting because he in the first place never intended to be a theologian. Calvin actually studied law (France) and went to Geneva where he would settle. Eventually, he became governor and ruler of Switzerland serving both as civic and religious leader. John or Johannes systematically preached from the scriptures authoring many works, most famous being the Institute of Christian Religion. Throughout life, Calvin was constitutionally weak and frail often laid aside by illness. At one time, it is estimated that he simultaneously had over 42 diseases! And yet he endlessly preached, wrote and ruled!198 The Great Geneva Bible would be published from Switzerland during the Reformation era. With time, Geneva would become the hub and centre of
It is said that Calvin kept four secretaries trotting on their feet at all times I order to keep up with his productivity, compiling and writing his works! This shows how massive, productive and deep the man was!
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Reformation with countless people visiting there to be trained, refreshed or armed for spiritual combat. Reading Calvins works, it is evident that he held the new birth though his thoughts were not as detailed or arranged as we find today. For instance, the New Dictionary of Theology states that Calvin saw regeneration as a life-long process199, though he insisted on a change of life in conversion. "Indeed the Word of God is like the sun, shining upon all those to whom it is proclaimed, but with no effect among the blind. Now, all of us are blind by nature in this respect... Accordingly, it cannot penetrate into our minds unless the Spirit, as the inner teacher, through his illumination makes entry for it."200 Our mind has such an inclination to vanity that it can never cleave fast to the truth of God; and it has such a dullness that it is always blind to the light of God's truth. Accordingly, without the illumination of the Holy Spirit, the Word can do nothing. From this, also, it is clear that faith is much higher than human understanding. And it will not be enough for the mind to be illumined by the Spirit of God unless the heart is also strengthened and supported by his power.... In both ways, therefore, faith is a singular gift of God, both in that the mind of man is purged so as to be able to taste the truth of God and in that his heart is established therein. For the Spirit is not only the initiator of faith, but increases it by degrees, until by it he leads us to the Kingdom of Heaven."201 Calvin has further said the following:"...Only when God shines in us by the Holy Spirit is there any profit from the Word. Thus the inward calling, which alone is effectual and peculiar to the elect, is distinguished from the outward voice of men."202 Certainly, John Calvin was a giant in his own right. Despite the immense afflictions he endured throughout his life, its a wonder that he has left us so much a rich spiritual legacy. Conrad Mbewe captures the amazing spirit of this arch Reformer at Geneva in his little monograph. Its a well worth reading. One comes away immensely challenged and enriched when they consider the industriousness of this mortal that once walked the face of the earth.203 2. Theodore Beza (June 24, 1519 October 13, 1605)204: Friend and colleague of John Calvin, equally French national who lived most of his life in Switzerland. He worked closely with the French born Swiss Reformer and effectively succeeded him after his
New Dictionary of Theology, pp574 Calvin's Institutes 3.2.34. as quoted by John Hendrix 201 John Calvin, 'Institutes of the Christian Religion', III.ii.33 as quoted by John Hendryx. This quote further proves that Calvin held on to life long regeneration. 202 Quote attributed to Calvin from the following site: http://www.monergism.com/start_here.php 203 Published by the Evergreen book store, Kabwata Baptist Church, June 2000-Life and Times of John Calvin 204 The reader is further encouraged to read Keith Sewells article Theodore Beza-the man next to John Calvin: A review essay that appeared in the Pro Rege issue of March 2005, pp15-17. It was an excellent analytical essay highlighting the fact that Beza has generally been neglected largely because he lies in the shadow of the towering John Calvin. Sewell states that Theodore was equally magnificent in many areas and fitted in well into his predecessors shoes though on some doctrinal points was not as stout as Calvin. That said, he in the main remained steadfast to the original Reformed doctrines as taught by Calvin and others.
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death. Originally born raised and educated in France, Theodore at some point came to the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ and thus left France for Geneva, the sanctuary of French Reformers, where he would meet John Calvin. He was well received and soon fitted into the life of the town being subsequently involved in two controversies one of Predestination and the other on the burning of Servetus. In the latter, he attempted to exonerate or justify Calvin alongside his magistrates for the action they took in relation to the heretic. He took several trips abroad (a long side William Farel) on behalf of other persecuted Protestants (e.g. the Waldenesses) despite his efforts being strongly opposed by their German compatriots. That notwithstanding, he appears to have got on well with Melanchthon. However, when Calvin was ailing, Beza trekked back with a view to help out and possibly succeed him. A plan was put in place but Calvin died shortly after wards205 and thus the youthful Beza took over the reins of the gigantic Calvin. He demonstrated his peculiar strengths and abilities such as ably expounding the purest Calvinistic teaching, setting up a law school, a humanist, exegete, Greek expert, orator as well as advising both the magistrates and others. Certainly, the Reformation age owes much to this able man and theologian, second in rank probably to Calvin. Despite a childless 40 year marriage, the union to Claudine was a happy one. Following her death, he married as second time and continued to labour away until his strength declined, dying in 1605, a clear foe to the German counterparts for he had criticised some of their doctrinal views. Thus lived and died this great Reformer, after tireless distinguished service to the world. Unlike Calvin his teacher, he was buried in a marked grave. 3. Ulric Zwingli (1484-1531)206: A native born Swiss Protestant Reformer. He grew up in Switzerland and educated in several places before becoming a Roman Catholic Priest. However, as the years went by, his conviction about the source of truth shifted from Church to Bible. He would eventually make his convictions public around 1522 and then led a reform where idols were removed from the churches. He was certainly more radical than his German counterpart, Martin Luther in that he held that anything outside scripture or not expressly commanded therein was to be rejected. Luther had a slightly different view on certain points (e.g. Eucharist-The Lords Supper) as evidenced by his (Luthers) allowing for transubstantiation. While Zwingli held that bread and wine were symbolic of what Christ did, Luther held that Christ was literary present. The two men just never agreed and hurled all sorts of abusive words against each other. Even the political alliances between the two nations did not help matters, further fragmentation of the Protestant churches ensued. However, like King Asa/Josiah of old, Zwingli was much more thorough in his reform and wanted
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May 27, 1564 Most of this section from the following site: http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/REFORM/ZWINGLI.HTM , accessed on 04/08/2010

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immediate results. Interestingly, Ulrich did not like the Anabaptists who appeared even more radical in their conviction than him! That said Zwingli helped the church to further align itself to scripture rather than traditions of men (which Luther probably did not emphasize). He contributed to what has come to be known as the regulative principle in theological circles. Being somewhat a man of war, he was killed in battle, his body cut to pieces and mixed with dung so that his ashes would not be used as a religious relic. His clear mind, radical position and deep thinking (though a single theme compared to Calvin & Luther) made this Swiss Reformer stand out from the crowd in his day. His theology on salvation was decidedly evangelical. 4. Martin Luther (1483-1546)207: Reputed to be the Father of the Reformation in Germany which quickly spread to the rest of Europe and the world. Luther was brought up in a pauper peasant family and destined to study law but upon being struck by lightning, Martin studied to be a Roman Catholic Priest. Being brilliant and extremely religious, Luther excelled at his studies eventually avidly reading the vulgate Bible and adhered to ecclesiastical rites which were believed to lead one to salvation. As he religiously advanced in his theological convictions and piety, Luther kept searching for an answer to how a person could be justified by God208. He was desperately looking for lasting eternal peace. The Church taught good works, indulgencies, piety and prayer for the dead but this peace repeatedly eluded him for he still did not find peace for his soul. Having religiously observed all these rites, he visited Rome itself in search of respite for his weary soul. It was while on the steps of the Basilica of Rome that Romans 1:17 struck him which declared that acceptance before God was by faith not works. Luther would later find eternal peace, wrote and posted the 95 point dossier on the Church door209. The Reformation spark and fires soon spread everywhere though there was a price to pay for this. Martin remained a hunted man throughout the rest of his life, narrowly escaping at the diet of Worms, where he declared those famous words (at the inquisition) when asked to recant his position. He declared: Here I stand, I can do no other. To go against conscience is neither safe nor right, so help me God210. Luther tenaciously held Justification by faith to the extent that if anyone did not, they could not possibly be a Christian
Some point to Luther as the primary instigator of the Protestant reformation. Peterson Dean has however given a brief background to the origin of the phrase Protestant as relates to those that protested against the powers of the day. He says the following on page 202 of his book, A concise history of Christianity: In 1529, Charles V felt he could turn his attention to religious matters. At another Diet of Speier he revoked the concessions to the Evangelicals. That led to the Reformers to protest. It was this protest that gave Evangelicals the name Protestants. Thus it may be that the name was first used in a given locality and not directly in Germany per se. 208 Or be at peace with God 209 31 October, 1517, Wittenberg Church door 210 Others have given this quotation relating to the same occasion: I cannot and will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise. God help me. Amen Diet of worms 1521
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because Justification by faith was the pivotal doctrine. The Lutheran Church is named after him and his teaching. Martin Luther worked very closely with Philip Melanchthon, who in many senses systematised his teaching on many subjects. Although temperamentally different, the two men none the less worked closely together to the Glory of God. 5. Philip Melanchthon (February 16, 1497 April 19, 1560): A systematic thinker and theologian of the Reformation in Germany. He collaborated with Martin Luther helping to refine Protestant theology and thinking. He is well known for clearly making the distinction between law and gospel where law referred to Romanism and its excesses while gospel referring to the saint approaching Christ directly for salvation. Philip worked closely with Martin Luther and was the quieter of the two, with remarkable ability to compile Luthers thoughts and systematise them for teaching. Luther was the fiery sort, pushy and worked like a wounded buffalo while Melanchthon was the peace maker, a student of Luther. Although Melanchthon was a genius in his own right, the man had his own clay feet, at times displaying serious indecision, which had to be sorted out by the domineering Martin Luther. Clearly, Philip was not as deep a theologian as Luther but none the less had unique leadership traits that made him the natural leader of the German Reformation cause after Luthers death in 1546. Although attacked by colleagues, afflicted by bodily sufferings and dissent, this patient godly man soldiered on until he laid aside the earthly tent on April 19, 1560 having fought a good fight. Doctrinally, he was evangelical in every sense though he at times displayed occasional shifts in theology. For instance, he appears to have shifted his position on free will as quoted at length: After giving up determinism and absolute predestination and ascribing to man a certain moral freedom, he tried to ascertain the share of free will in conversion, naming three causes as concurring in the work of conversion, the Word, the Spirit, and the human will, not passive, but resisting its own weakness. Since 1548 he used the definition of freedom formulated by Erasmus, "the capability of applying oneself to grace."211His definition of faith lacks the mystical depth of Luther. In dividing faith into knowledge, assent, and trust, he made the participation of the heart subsequent to that of the intellect, and so gave rise to the view of the later orthodoxy that the establishment and acceptation of pure doctrine should precede the personal attitude of faith. To his intellectual conception of faith corresponded also his view that the Church also is only the communion of those who adhere to the true belief and that her visible existence depends upon the consent of her unregenerate members to her teachings. That said, Melanchthon stands tall among great contributors to the
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Quote from the following site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Melanchthon , accessed on 04/08/2010

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German Reformation over 500 years ago. Well may his name be etched on our hearts, that there once lived one Philip Schwartzerdt (his initial/actual German name) whom God was pleased to use as a vessel of honour. But there were others that interacted with or objected to the reformation stand. Names like Ambrose, Erasmus (earlier alluded to in this section) and others come to mind but for now, we pass by and leave the student to investigate those details. 6. John Knox (1514-1572): This Scottish theological giant is known to have been an extremely fiery preacher whose prayers made even the Queen of Scotland to tremble. Considered the pioneer and founder of the Presbyterian denomination, Knox had such a strong passion for the conversion of his native Scotland and once took a trip to Geneva to be sharpened by John Calvin. He returned to Scotland and declared, Give me Scotland or I die! This demonstrates his resolve to ensure that the gospel of Christ was advanced. Knox held on to regeneration and his thoughts are expressed in the Scottish confession of 1560 which he supervised during its preparation. Knox is known to have advocated for the Reformation of the Scottish church as well as served in the Church of England for a time before heading out and later returning to his native Scotland. 7. John Rogers of Dedham (c. 1500 4 February 1555): A mighty reformer of the earlier sort. Rogers was born near Birmingham and attended school in the vicinity before taking on studies in other places, whilst still a Roman Catholic. He later met William Tyndale and soon abandoned his Catholic religion for the evangelical faith. At some point, he spent some years in Germany, mingling with men like Melanchthon and other Reformers returning to England in 1548 as a preacher. He was imprisoned (1553), condemned and burned at the stake as a heretic in 1555, the first Protestant martyr. It is said that he joyfully went to his death as though he was going to his wedding, what a faith! It is clear that he had come to the saving knowledge of Christ and thus was ready to spill his blood to seal the truth. Rogers is better remembered as a fiery preacher, translator (of the Bible, completing the work begun by Tyndale) and writer. It was often said by people wanting to get warmth for their souls, let us go to Dedham to fetch fire! Indeed, God raised a unique person in this man! Foxe gives a moving account about this valiant man. Ryle echoes the same moving account in his Five English Reformers212 8. Nicholas Ridley (c. 150016 October 1555): Once an avowed Roman Catholic Bishop, Ridleys evangelical convictions progressively crystallised and expressed in his writings. The Church was not amused and demanded that he recants or face the
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See review on Ryles book on the Five English Reformers.

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stake. He elected to burn rather than deny the Christ. He was burnt in 1555 along side Hugh Latimer, another equally fiery preacher of the times. Born and raised in a prominent family of Northumberland, Ridley was educated at the Royal Grammar school, Newcastle and later at the University of Cambridge. He was ordained Priest and went to Paris for further studies before returning to England in 1529. He was connected to the University and arrived at a time when people were debating on the supremacy of the Pope over the Church. Nicholas, being well versed in the scriptures influenced the University in rejecting Papal authority. He would later graduate with a BD and then continued influencing the thinking of the times. Apparently, this influence did not sit well with the papists and thus, they plotted to have the man deposed, arrested, charged with heresy (1543) and much later have him burnt at the stake, having destroyed his works. Although Ridley successfully parried many of the initial false allegations using his deep appreciation of scripture, they none the less were determined to have him pinned down one way or the other and they did. Clearly, Ridley was a Reformer of high rank whose theology was as Biblical as could be. 9. Hugh Latimer (c.1487 16 October 1555): Equally a Reformed thinker and fellow sufferer with Nicholas Ridley, Latimer takes a place among the valiant men that stood to the very end. He was born and raised in Leicestershire of farming stock. His actual birth date is not exactly known but this man grew up to become one of the prominent thinkers of the time, studied at the Cambridge University. He became a fellow of Clare College, was ordained Priest and also acquired a Master of Arts degree. Although he initially rejected and opposed the Reformed doctrines from the continent, he would later subscribe to them and become one of its strongest advocates for which he eventually paid with his life. He was burnt on the same stake with Nicholas Ridley at which time he is reputed to have encouraged Ridley with powerful words here quoted: Be of good comfort, Master Ridley, and play the man; we shall this day light such a candle, by God's grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out. Certainly, no one could have willingly and courageously died for their faith in the manner he did unless the regenerating power of God had flowed within his veins. 10. Thomas Cranmer (2 July 1489 21 March 1556): was an influential archbishop of Canterbury who strategically placed Reformed thinking church officers in important positions such as Ridley. He supported the Reformed thinking that was being propagated by the continental Reformers and thus did everything within his power to further the cause of Christ during his tenure. When a papist queen however came to the throne, Cranmer was soon charged with treason and heresy, deposed and imprisoned for over two years. Interestingly, recanted his earlier reformed views and reconciled with the church but in a dramatic turn of events, after much thought and
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reflection, he vomited Catholicism and embraced his earlier Reformed creed. He would later be burnt at the stake before a huge crowd. His thoughts still live in the Anglican Book of common prayer and the Thirty nine articles, most of which are clearly evangelical. Born in Nottinghamshire, he died in Oxford, 1556, only six months after Latimer and Ridley had been burnt, interestingly at exactly the same spot. 11. John Hooper (ca. 1495-1500 9 February 1555): A very serious reformer of the Zwinglian sort. He had been earlier banished out of England, went to the continent and aligned himself with Ulric Zwingli in Zurich. He naturally came up with a stricter kind of reform which made him clash with Ridley over Vestments when he returned from exile (1549). Hoopers radical position soon made him a marked man and target of the Papists. They martyred him in 1555 after charging him with heresy for he was a decidedly Calvinistic theologian and debater of high repute. Though he held some important church positions, he eventually was condemned (a long side John Rogers and Rowland Taylor) and burnt during the Marian persecution. Thus lived and died this champion, burnt at the stake, Gloucester, February 9, 1555. 12. John Bradford (15101555)213: His ministry after ordination lasted less than five years but what a high impact ministry it had. John Bradford was born and bred in England, educated at Manchester grammar school before taking up studies at the Cambridge University, having abandoned his legal for theological studies. Bradford converted to the Reformed faith following the influence of student colleague and would zealously pursue this new found faith to the end of his days. At College, he was often referred to as Holy Bradford because of his sincere devotion to God. His salvation was certainly evident to all. Later, John was ordained a Priest by Bishop Ridley, became a roving preacher and chaplain. Thus by the time the Roman Catholic inclined bloody Mary ascended to the throne, John Bradford was a well known and established preacher. He was thus marked out for execution, following a flimsy charge. John was imprisoned in the Tower of London and is reputed to have uttered the famous words There, but for the grace of God, goes John Bradford as he saw a criminal walk past to his execution. Bradford never saw his liberty again and in fact at some point shared prison with Hugh Latimer, Nicholas Ridley (the one who ordained him) and other notable worthy saints of the time. Having been condemned, he was accordingly executed (burnt at the stake) a long side a young man (John Lease) at Smithfield. He is said to have encouraged his fellow sufferer with these words: Be of good comfort brother; for we shall have a merry supper with the Lord this night! and
A Check on the Wikipedia site reveals some useful information. Refer to it on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bradford , accessed on 06/08/2010
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shortly burnt to their deaths. Bradford was buried at the Marians martyrs monument in London, having confidently faced the terror of terrors-Death. The regenerating work of God was radiant from this saint to the very end. Thus, we have concluded a short account and witness from the Reformers in years gone by. A very resolute, determined lot they were and have encouraged countless souls along the corridors of the centuries. What they stood for even to the point of death should certainly stir us on to greater heights of devotion to God. The best is that they were all regenerate men and were persuaded beyond reasonable doubt that God changes lives without which change no one shall see the lord. Bloody Mary slaughtered thousands of saints because of her allegiance to Rome rather than Christ but what she actually did was to fire up the subsequent generations to detest Roman Catholicism with perfect holy hatred. The Puritans then received the baton and contended for further reform until their fire was snuffed out by the end of the seventeenth century, only to be revived in the eighteenth by Whitefield and others. We thus transition to consider some notable Puritans from a sea of spiritual giants. j. The Puritans The Puritan age is an era which God raised by His grace in England and other outlying areas. This generation first begun as a small insignificant stream around 1550 growing to maturity around mid 1600s and declining after that, especially after the 1662 great ejection of over 2000 Puritan preachers from the Church of England. The name Puritan today is often misunderstood and misrepresented as some form of asceticism or extremism which affected the church in the Victorian age. But that is not a correct understanding. Puritanism had to do with the quest for the reform of the Church and life of Christians. This view emphasised that reform had to be thorough and as complete as possible, affecting all aspects of ones life214. Anything else short of or beyond this was rejected. In the case of the English Puritans, they contended that the Church of England still needed further reform away from papal influence. This age therefore covers the earlier, middle and later Puritans that graced the ecclesiastical horizon of English church life in the 17th century. This indeed was a galaxy of decidedly industrious saints, probably never to be repeated on the same scale. They were collectively the finest preachers England has ever had. Their reverence and deep devotion to God is sadly hard to come by in these degenerate days. J I Packer adds his voice about this magnificent company of saints in his book Among Gods Giants215 written in 1991. One does well to peruse through this work if they want to get an accurate picture of this ancient nation divines.
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They advocated for a continuing Reformation, yea, Sempa Reformanda as some would coin it. Published by the Kingsway publications

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Another reliable source is Peter Lewis whose book The genius of Puritanism succinctly summarises what a Puritan is in small campus. In this section therefore, we consider some of the famous Puritans and what they held. 1. William Perkins (1558-1602): Was one of the earliest Puritans and insisted on the systematic preaching of Gods word. Born in 1558 in Warwickshire, he studied at Christs College and Cambridge graduating with distinction and then held a fairly long but fruitful ministry at Great St Andrews between 1584 and1602. He is best known for several works which include the book The Art of Prophesying in which he laid a solid foundation in relation to Homiletics. It is also important to notice that he viewed the preacher as the Prophet of God delivering His word with a special divine charge. Sinclair Ferguson has this to say as he describes this man: A man of considerable ability Perkins has been described as The Puritans Theologian of Tudor Times216. Deeply committed to the awakening and transforming of professing Christians, he recognised the central importance of Christian godliness and the strategic, God-given significance of what transpired in the pulpits of England...217 Clearly, this preacher was very effective and probably led many to the Lord. Although not initially converted, he would turn to the Lord later and devote his life to the Preaching of the gospel. A decade after his death (about 1613), the memory of troubler of sinful peoples consciences was still fresh at the time young Thomas Goodwin arrived in the town where Perkins once laboured. He has this to say: the town was then filled with the discourse of the power of Mr Perkins ministry, still fresh in mens memories. He no doubt preached the necessity of turning to God in repentance much like he himself had turned from drunkenness218. Though his doctrine was not as distinctly refined like today, he nonetheless preached the Gospel. He believed that preaching should rip up the hearts meaning that he believed that the preacher must be the physician of souls who should lead people to Christ. 2. Richard Baxter (12 November 1615 8 December 1691): A well known Puritan who exercised a very powerful ministry in the town of Kinderminster. It is reported that when he first arrived in the town to labour as Minister of the gospel, the town was generally godless, given to pleasure and Sabbath breaking. At the time he was leaving, almost the whole town had been influenced God ward! Baxter is well known for his famous book, The Reformed Pastor which he authored on his sick bed within a week! It remains a classic to this day. In all, he is reputed to have written over 168 books, many of which remain in print today. His Saints everlasting rest
M.M. Knappen, Tudor Puritanism (Chicago, 1939), p 375 Preface of the Puritan paperback, pp vii 218 One parent while scolding their child was heard by Perkins to say: Hold your tongue, or I will give you to drunken Perkins yonder. This was his dark tattered image prior to conversion.
217 216

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(1650) is an unequalled work in relation to meditations on Heaven. He believed in spending at least 30 minutes daily meditating on Heaven, no wonder he wrote that voluminous work! His Baxters call to the unconverted was another celebrated evangelical treatise that masterfully brings out the gospel and the reason why sinners ought to flee to Christ for salvation. Though he suffered much during his life time, the man never lost sight of his master and was greatly used as an influential minister in his day. Born in Shrophire, UK, his education was rather poor, many times at the hands of local clergy, he would struggle through and find his feet among the theological giants of his day. He, like the rest of the Puritans insisted on the new birth as the only way to enter the Kingdom of God. Interestingly, he was not a five point Calvinist but largely held the major tenets of the doctrines of Grace. These things must indeed be revealed by God not man. After a life of vigour, activity and labour, Baxter succumbed to the cold hand of death in 1691 having struggled with stones in the kidneys as well as other bodily ailments. 3. John Owen (1616 24 August 1683): Prince among the English theologians, John Owen stands out as the most voluminous monumental theologians and writers of the Puritan era. His sixteen volumes in small print scarcely can be equalled by any mortal and deals penetratively on many subjects as relates to Christian Doctrine. There is a saying that you cannot claim to be a worthy theologian of high standing unless you have successfully read through Owen! The man was simply deep! Born in Oxfordshire, England, John was a non-conformist and held various high offices within England before he retired to write. He is said to have been married and fathered 11children though none of them survived him (ten of them dying in infancy). He had amazing capacity of sleeping only a few hours (probably 3) throughout his life and often lamented in old age that this practice had wrecked his health. Dr John Owen is better known as a Theologian, as earlier mentioned rather than as a preacher, though he held important offices such as Vice Chancellor of Oxford University for 8 years. His position on regeneration is clearly monergistic as evidenced in his writings (16 volumes in small print). He is said to have remarked about John Bunyan one time when asked why he often went to hear the uneducated tinker: I would give all my learning if only I could preach like that Tinker! We here see the humility of this giant. Owen died in August 1683 having exerted himself to the limit. He was, clearly a prince among theologians before or after him in England. 4. Stephen Charnock (16281680): A deep voluminous preacher known for his detail and popular preaching abilities. He shared a Pulpit with Thomas Watson and together impacted the world with their preaching. Born in London, Stephen studied at Emmanuel College where he got converted. He would then move to Ireland and back
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to England where he exercised an effective Ministry at Crosby Hall with Watson. His best known work is on the attributes of God and other related subjects. Charnock was principally evangelistic and preached Christ to his hearers both in Ireland and England. Conviction, change of heart and peace with the Triune God were some of the subjects he excelled at. Regeneration no doubt is enshrouded in his works. 5. Thomas Watson (ca. 1620-1686): A very racy and experimental Puritan preacher, author and Pastor. He is famed to have been very simple, easy to understand and extremely suggestive in his writings. CH Spurgeon said of him: Watson was one of the most concise, racy, illustrative, and suggestive of those eminent divines who made the Puritan age the Augustan period of evangelical literature. There is a happy union of sound doctrine, heart-searching experience and practical wisdom throughout all his works and his Body of Divinity is, beyond all the rest, useful to the student and the minister. Although Thomas Watson issued several most valuable books, comparatively little is known of him - even the dates of his birth and death are unknown. His writings are his best memorial; perhaps he needed no other, and therefore providence forbade the superfluity.219Thomas is reputed to have given himself to hard study at Emmanuel College, Cambridge and is the author of several classic volumes that include The Ten commandments, The Beatitudes, The Lords prayer and A Body of Divinity. As Spurgeon rightly points out, very little is known about his back ground but some believe that he was of wealthy stock but gave up everything for the sake of the gospel. After a sixteen year fruitful ministry at the St. Stephens, Walbrook as well as at the great hall in Crosby house, Watson was gathered to his fathers and has found his place among influential Puritan minds. Though he is dead, he yet speaks through his works. His Body of Divinity (an exposition of the 176 sermons from the Shorter Catechism) clearly demonstrates the mans theology among which is effectual calling (with regeneration referred to). The Puritans at times tended not to split hairs and thus incorporated regeneration under effectual calling. Thank fully, they were monergistic rather than synergistic. 6. John Bunyan (1628-1688): wrote the immortal Pilgrims progress despite suffering twelve years incarceration (In Bed ford prison, UK). The two part volume has only been superseded by the Bible in popularity probably because of how it was written and amazing way it brings forth spiritual truth resonating to countless generations. The volume is a priceless mine of spiritual truth depicting a pilgrimage from this world to the next. Bunyan achieves the impossible by successfully describing the conviction a sinner goes through until they finally find relief at the cross. The Puritans were masters at diagnosing spiritual maladies as well as prescribing the right
219

Introduction to A Body of Divinity, published by the Banner of Truth Trust

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remedy. This is one of their best works. Bunyan is also well known for other allegorical and biographical classics, Grace abounding to the chief of sinners, Prayer and The Holy War being numbered among them. John, a poor illiterate tinker taught himself to read the Bible and wrote countless books. That shows the efficacy of regenerating power in the life of a soul. 7. Joseph Alleine220 (baptised 8 April 1634 17 November 1668): Allein was a very zealous and enthusiastic Puritan that gave himself to the salvation of souls. So diligent was he for the conversion of souls that he probably worked himself to an early grave. It is said of him that when his wife would suggest rest about his relatively extreme self exertion, Joseph would respond that saints had all eternity to rest! He was equally jealous about his spiritual exercises and resolved to be the first to wake up and last to sleep in the town. If at all he awoke later than the earliest cobbler or silver smith, Alleine would seriously reprimand himself becoming even more diligent the next day. The man was more than just a mere preacher in the pulpit but in the spirit of the apostle Paul, went from house to house persuading them to come in. He went, as it were, in the highways and by-ways ensuring that the elect (where ever they could be found) were called home. Consequently, his extremely heavy work load and persecution took its toll on his health succumbing to a relatively early grave at only age 56. He has however left us a very potent book which communicates something of his high passion and zealous urgency in his little but pithy volume, Alleines alarm to the unconverted (1672). This book takes a very serious tone from the start and evidently shows that the writer was really consumed, yea, swallowed up with a longing to see the unconverted won over to the Lord. In that book, he deals with very pertinent soul searching and destiny defining matters such as conversion (Repentance & faith), mistakes about conversion, the marks of the unconverted, the necessity of this work as well as motivations towards conversion. Joseph ends his work with an urgent appeal to the sinner to flee from the coming wrath. Clearly, this Puritan believed in conversion of the soul and insisted on a changed heart and mind. He may not have delved into defining regeneration per se but like his fellow Puritans, assumed regeneration as a monergistic work of God on the soul. 8. Jeremiah Burroughs (c. 1600 London, November 13, 1646): Was a congregational non-conformist of Puritan stock. He studied at Emmanuel College, served as influential Pastor and part of the Westminster Assembly that drew up the Confession. A well thought out, balanced theologian, Burroughs contributed to the Assembly. Like other Puritans, his works and preaching is replete with evangelical views of salvation. As an author, he bequeathed the world with some of the classic works we
220

Refer to this site for some more detail: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Alleine

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read today which include: The rare Jewel of Christian contentment, The Evil of Evil: The exceeding sinfulness of sin and A treatise of Earthly-mindedness among many. Puritan Baxter once remarked about his colleagues saying: If all the Episcopalians had been like Archbishop Ussher, all the Presbyterians like Stephen Marshall, and all the Independents like Jeremiah Burroughs, then the breaches of the church would soon be healed.221 This opinion gives us an objective estimate of what the man was. 9. Samuel Bolton (1606 15 October 1654): Samuel Bolton is famed with his meticulous study in matters relating to salvation and Christian living. His True bounds of Christian freedom has stood the test of time as a classic, enlightening many minds over the centuries. Born and raised in London, he took up several pastorates as well as influential positions within the academia as well as the Westminster Assembly. So desirous to preach the gospel was he that he continued to preach regularly despite holding high influential positions in society. From his writings, it is evident that this Puritan held correct views of salvation as relates to the Law.

10. Richard Sibbes (15771635): Was one of the early Puritan theologians that imbibed the scriptures, sought to preach and teach it as it is in Jesus Christ. Richard had an unusual grasp of the scriptures in a generation when many people were not very well read or exposed to the scriptures and would thus make up part of the early Puritans. He is well known as a fine Bible exegete with a unique ability to accurately apply the scriptures in his context. Born in Suffolk, he attended St Johns college in Cambridge from about 1595 ending up as a lecturer at Holy Trinity Church from about 1610 shortly before the commissioning of the famous King James Version translation. Although he was instrumental in the setting up of a number of congregations and for preaching, he is best known for his legendary works on various subjects including The saints cordial and the Bruised reed. He was Calvinistic in theology as influenced by William Perkins and others thus holding on to effectual calling. 11. William Guthrie (1620-1665): A very able Scottish preacher and Puritan whose work The Christians greatest interest was fondly referred to as a classic by many towering theologians including John Owen. It is said that Owen always carried a copy of Guthries book because he felt it was one of the finest works in his day. Guthrie is sometimes referred to as the Puritan of the Puritans in that his work was very instructive and referred to by many Puritans in his age. Guthrie was born, raised in Pitforthy, Scotland, studied at St Andrews University, entered Ministry at Fenwick, Scotland having a lasting, effective and successful ministry. Many were brought to
221

Refer to this site: http://www.victorybaptistpress.com/vbp2_003.htm , accessed on 19/07/2010

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the saviour and after many years of labour, he reduced his experience by documenting them in wonderful works that include one on conscience. Interestingly, Guthrie touches on regeneration in his classic, The Christians greatest interest, no wonder he was highly regarded! Here is what one site says about the longing this man had for the salvation of souls: His special love for the souls of men could be seen in the extraordinary lengths to which he went in getting men to come to hear the preaching of the Word. On at least one occasion he went into a house in which he knew the occupants did not attend the worship services. In the course of conversation with them, he would ask them what they thought of their minister. When he was told that they didn't really know much about him because they never went to church, he invited them to come, sometimes even bribing them with money, or arranging to meet them there. When they arrived they were surprised to find that it was the minister himself who had visited and invited them! We are also told of a man who neglected the public worship of the Lords people so that he could go hunting. When asked what he would make by going hunting for the day, he replied that he would get half-a-crown. Upon hearing this, Guthrie promised that if he came to church that week he would give him that same amount. The man came, and never failed to attend services after that, eventually becoming a member of the session.222 This was real zeal! 12. Thomas Godwin (1600-1680)223: Was a strong English Puritan that grew to become a leader of the independent or dissenting brethren during his tenure on the Westminster Assembly. Godwin studied at Cambridge University and served as minister in various places including in Holland where he had fled from persecution in native England. He would return to England later and engaged in effective Christian Ministry and writing. Thomas worked with John Owen to produce the amended Westminster confession of faith of 1658. Most of Thomas ministry was carried out in London and thus added to the galaxy of Puritan preachers. Clearly, Godwin stands as one of the stars of the Puritan era having caught the fire of William Perkins whose image probably left a lasting impression. 13. Isaac Ambrose (1604-1663/64) One of the leading Puritan divines and graced the evangelical horizon with his warmth, pathos and ready writing skills. It is said that though many did not relish Puritan theology in their day but they certainly loved this preachers writing. It certainly reflected in Bunyans writing. Born of Richard Ambrose of Catholic parents, Isaac entered Brasenose college in 1621 graduating three years later before proceeding to serve in Derbyshire. He served there for a long
Refer to: http://www.ccel.org/g/guthrie , accessed on 09/08/2010 Most of the material of this Puritan from the following site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Goodwin , accessed on 09/08/2010
223

222

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time and definitely his writing is scarcely equalled by any Puritan of his day. As a non-conformist, he definitely paid the price, dying in about 1664, two years after the great ejection. We briefly quote this Puritans thoughts on the new birth as captured by Randalls compilation: If the new birth is necessary, how should we labour to be born again? I do not mean as Nicodemus, to enter into our mothers womb again and be born. It is not the seed of man in the womb of our mother, but the seed of grace in the womb of the church, that makes us blessed. And if we are thus born by grace, then are we sanctified, made children of God, heirs with Christ, over whom Satan can have no power at all. Now then, as your tender souls, and desire heaven at your ends, endeavour to attain this one thing necessary. Lift up your hearts unto God so that you may be washed, justified and sanctified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and that by the Spirit of God you walk in new ways, talk with new tongues as being new creatures, created unto good works224 14. Thomas Brooks (1608-1680)225: Thomas Brooks was a non-conformist English Puritan who served the Lord effectively in London and died in 1680, full of years and productivity. Although deposed from his preaching site in the 1662 act of uniformity, he appeared to have remained in his parish but preached as opportunity availed itself. But who is Thomas Brooks exactly? Not much is known about him or his family but it seems he was from a well established and prosperous family, entering Emmanuel College in 1625 and licensed as a preacher in 1640. In between (1625-1640) he appears to have not only studied but went to sea probably to work as Chaplain for a few years before returning to take up his licence. He would then labour at two churches (Thomas Apostles & St. Margarets, both in London) before being deposed. Famed as a preacher of righteousness, Thomas preached before the House of Commons226 as was the case in those days with his sermon having a lasting impact. It was later published227 for all to read. As was common among the Puritans, this divine was a deep theologian and writing, authoring many works that included Precious remedies against Satans devices, Heaven on Earth, The secret key to Heaven among others. No doubt, the new birth was part of his meat and drink. 15. John Flavel (1628-1691): An able English Puritan that exercised an effective ministry in several places especially at Dartmouth (from 1656). Many were converted in his powerful ministry of which one of them said about him: I could say much, though not enough of the excellency of his preaching; of his seasonable, suitable, and
224 225

Randall J Pederson, Day to Day with the English Puritans: selected writings for daily reflection, pp65 Refer to the following site for more detail: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Brooks_(Puritan), accessed on 07/12/2010 226 December 26, 1648 227 Under the title: Gods delight in the progress of the upright from Psalm 44:18

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spiritual matter; of his plain expositions of Scripture; his talking method, his genuine and natural deductions, his convincing arguments, his clear and powerful demonstrations, his heart-searching applications, and his comfortable supports to those that were afflicted in conscience. In short, that person must have a very soft head, or a very hard heart, or both, that could sit under his ministry unaffected. Clearly, this man was an able physician of souls that knew the best remedy for any and every case. Four times married (the first three wives died before him), Flavels lucidly clear theological views are evident in both his preaching and six volume works including The Method of Grace which focuses on the application of redemption, including regeneration. A sample of the effectiveness of this preachers power is recorded by Dr Joel Beeke in the following quotation: Flavels preaching was blessed by the Spirit. Robert Murray MCheyne tells about an American immigrant, Luke Short, who remembered listening to Flavel preach in England when he was fifteen years old. The text was, If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be anathema maranatha. Eighty-five years after hearing Flavel preach on the horror of dying under Gods curse, the Spirit of God effectually converted him at the age of one hundred as he meditated on that sermon! We never know the ways of the Lord as He regenerates souls! After a fruitful life full of activity and persecution, John said the following to his colleagues shortly before he was gathered to his Fathers, following a massive stroke (1691): We have long borne the burden and heat of the day; we are veteran soldiers almost worn out. Thus lived and died the valiant soldier of Christ. Certainly, precious volumes as the Mystery of Providence have surely outlived him far into the future. 16. Isaac Watts (17 July 1674 25 November 1748): Rightly called the Father of English hymnody, Watts grew up as a frail but intelligent child. His genius soon became evident as he soon excelled at his studies. Hailing from a non conformist conservative back ground, Watts would soon author about 750 Christ centred hymns which eventually replaced Psalm singing as later hymn writers like Charles Wesley further fired up this new trend. Hymns transmit doctrine in capsule form. Apart from his polemical writings, Isaac had a unique ability of reducing big truths into bite size theology which can be sung in a few sentences. For instance, his hymns When I survey, Come ye that love the Lord, Joy to the world, and Jesus Shall reign wherere the sun clearly demonstrate his view on regeneration and Christs power to rule and save. 17. Henry Scougal (1650-1678): Was an influential Scottish minister, theologian and author. Scougal originally published an influential volume titled The Life of God in the Soul of Man which around 1735 was instrumental to the conversion of George
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Whitefield probably the greatest preacher all time. Whitefield said of Scougals volume: I never knew what true religion was till God sent me this excellent treatise Despite living a relatively short life, it was effective and greatly used of God to the conversion of one of the worlds mightiest greatest evangelists, George Whitefield. Like Robert Murray MCheyne long after him, Henry seemed to have been on a rather short but specific impactful mission to earth and thereafter was transported to glory. Oh for such a useful life! 18. Thomas Boston (1676-1732): Extremely influential Scottish theologian and preacher though worked in the remote location (Ettrick). Despite many challenges (health and otherwise), Thomas Boston is famed for his grand work on the state of man in a fourfold sense. His grand work, Four Fold state gained international repute as a classic work which to this day is a major reference point for many Reformed theologians. He wrote one of the most comprehensive works on Regeneration in his day and we thus quote his work at length: Regeneration is absolutely necessary to qualify you to do anything really good and acceptable to God. While you are not born again, your best works are but glittering sins; for though the matter of them is good, they are quite married in the performance. Consider that without regeneration there is no faith, and without faith it is impossible to please God Hebrews 11:6. Faith is a vital act of the new born soul....This is a melting consideration. You do many things materially good; but God says, All these things avail not, as long as I see the old nature reigning in the man, For in Jesus Christ neither circumcision availeth anything, nor uncircumcision, but a new creature (Galatians 6:15). If you are not born again: a. All your reformation is naught in the sight of God. b. Your prayers are an abomination to the Lord (proverbs 15:8)...228 Boston further comments on regeneration in his monumental volume thus: so regeneration is a supernatural real change on the whole man, fitly compared to the natural generation, as will afterwards appear229 But regeneration is a real, thorough change whereby the man is made new creature (2 Corinthians 5:17)230

228
229

as quoted by the Free grace Broadcaster issue # 149, summer 1994 pp8. Fourfold, pp 204 230 Ibid pp 207

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So much then for the seventeenth century great heroes, many of whom we have not mentioned here231. We must however hurry on to the eighteen century with its epoch making events.

The Eighteenth century


The Great Evangelical awakening The eighteen century came around on a rather low note. Many things had declined on all fronts whether the economic or social life of the world. The spiritual liveliness of the previous generation had in many senses died down. For our discussion, we focus on England and to some extent New England232. In these great nations, things were in serious steady decline if not retrogressing. The Puritan era and influence had worn out in England. Others had crossed the Atlantic to settle in the Americas far away from Papal influence or tyrannical treatment wanting to exercise liberty of conscience as well as worship God freely. In England, the 1662 great ejection of over 2,000 Puritan preachers, the finest England has ever had, left the soul of the Established Church in utter ruins and decline. The said Anglican Church has never been the same since and remains in a state of death practically from all sides. Its Ministers were some of the vilest citizens indulging in all sorts of vices including drunkenness, immorality, cheating, gambling, card playing and horseback riding even on the Lords Day. These Ministers could hardly compose a sermon or preach and bought prepared sermons which they literary struggled to read out on Sundays. In the absence of Truth, Deism and other heresies thrived at that time. On the other hand, the non conformists and dissenters secluded themselves into small holy but weak companies with hardly any tangible influence beyond their tiny circle. There was nothing but spiritual death and lethargy in the church. In the social, political and economic dimensions, conditions were not any better either. JC Ryle and Arnold Dallimore have excellently described the despicable conditions in which the English people wallowed in. Corruption, drunkenness, immorality, crime, Juvenile delinquency and all manner of social vices were the order of the day. In fact, it is said that the situation was so bad that ale233 abuse was so rampant and normal to the extent nearly every forth house in England brewed or freely sold the illegal alcoholic drink. People drunk like fish in water even failing to walk afterwards, publicly wetting their pants in the process! This scenario was hardly surprising then. The Politicians and the aristocrats lived artificial lives that revolved in their own orbs, far detached from the excruciating poverty that affected the

231 232

E.g. Cotton and Love among many others I.e. the Eastern part of the pre USA states which were colonized by the Pilgrim Fathers. 233 Or liquor

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common masses. This was a dark, dark day for England as the nation had forsaken God. Indeed, the Puritan influence was past, buried and forgotten, if not in the shadows. It was in such heart rending conditions and era that God raised a small army of saints that would shake the world upside down. They would, as it were, bath England in the Holy Ghost bringing about a radical transformation. a. George Whitefield (1714-1770) George Whitefield came on the scene in the mid 1730s and joined John & Charles Wesley at Oxford University as a servitor. The Wesley brothers along other colleagues invited Whitefield to join them in their frequent devotions and practice of piety leading to their group acquiring a nick name The Holy Club. This was of course a derogatory name but it soon stuck. Later, this group expanded to about ten with authoritative John Wesley at its helm. When John left Oxford, Charles took over the reins though John kept constant touch. Methodism had its earliest roots from this group. From this small club, God was pleased to save George Whitefield first in 1735234 who after a serious excruciating struggle with a deep conviction of sin came into the glorious liberty of gospel light. He soon became a famed, powerful and popular preacher whose theme was basically the new birth for which he was so passionate about. The truth of this doctrine offended the Church of England where he was a member who reacted and eventually closed all doors to his vigorous uncompromised preaching. It is said that his first sermon drove 12 people mad as he pounded away on the need for a new birth. As you will realise, the spiritual conditions were extremely pathetic that when Whitefields voice thundered the strong old gospel, it came as if new and providentially effected a deep conviction of sin aided by the Spirit of God. Soon, thousands flocked to hear him preach in the open air fields (since the church doors were closed to his pointed preaching). Whitefield was rejected because he made strong statements relating to what it meant to be a Christian as well as opposed all those that held church office and yet were not regenerated. This displeased many because they were not converted and this kind of teaching was new to many of them. That said, Whitefield Joined up with other preachers and laboured away to the point of death in 1770, far away in New England. Thus lived and died the matchless soul winner. Here is what Whitefield says during this time to highlight the animosity received for preaching the new birth and other related doctrines: At first (he writes), many of the clergy were my hearers & admirers; but soon grew angry, and complaints were made that the churches were so crowded that there was no room for the parishioners and that the pews were spoiled. Some called me a spiritual pick-pocket and others thought I used some kind of charm to get peoples money. A
234

Charles, then John were born again in 1738

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report was spread abroad that, on complaint of the clergy, the Bishop of London intended to silence me.... 235 so potent was his preaching right from the start! Whitefield gives further evidence for the reaction to his preaching thus: What irritated some of my enemies the more, was my free conversation with many of the serious Dissenters,...My practice in associating with them, I thought, was quite agreeable to the word of God, their conversations was savoury, and I imagined the best way to bring them over was not by bigotry and railing, but by moderation and love, and by undissembled holiness of life... 236 Whitefield thus concluded: Only the judgement morning will reveal who converts really are... 237 Whitefield would at another time say, Time would fail me to relate how many have been awakened and how many pray for me. The great day will discover all...238 in relation to his person and insignificance in Gods design of things. But what was Whitefields contribution to the cause of Christ, we may ask? Countless. For one thing, he led the way into open air preaching when the church doors were closed to him. For another thing, he taught others to follow his path. Whitefield also revived Puritan doctrine after a serious decline. Finally, he was greatly used by the Lord to gather myriads into the kingdom of God, trusting the Lord awaken dead sinners. J R Andrews239 has highlighted some important facts relating to the greatest soul winner of the eighteenth century, George Whitefield. b. John (1703-1791) and Charles (1707-1788) Wesley Other people that were closely connected to Whitefield that God was pleased to raise were the Wesley brothers (John and Charles). These two are better known today than Whitefield because they outlived him by over 20 years. Whereas Whitefield was Calvinistic and freely declared the doctrines of sovereign free Grace, the brothers were avowed Arminians in doctrine. Of the two brothers, Charles was more of a hymn writer (although he too was a fiery preacher) while John was the Preacher and strong organiser, from whom we have the Wesleyan Church today, probably named after him. John travelled over 240,000 miles on horseback relentlessly preaching the Gospel of Gods grace, was married once and wrote many books. Unlike Whitefield or Charles, John was more of a scholar and great manager organising people into bands or small churches. He, like Whitefield emphasised the new birth as well as holiness to the Lord. John strongly believed in entire sanctification, drawing his argument from Matthew 5:20 &48. Comparatively, Whitefield was far more emotional,

Volume I George Whitefield , Dallimore, pp135 Ibid pp 135 237 Ibid pp137 238 Ibid pp 138 239 George Whitefield, Barbour and Company, Inc 1990. The reader is encouraged also to read Conrad Mbewes monograph on Whitefield or alternatively, listen to his audio presentation from the Kabwata Baptist Church website.
236

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dramatic and extremely eloquent than the Wesley brothers, though they outlived him in usefulness240. Charles Wesley laboured side by side with his brother and wrote hymns to encapsulate doctrine into words that could be repeatedly sung. He is said to have written over 6,500 hymns in his life time, which in itself was a feat! Victor Shepherd makes interesting graphic descriptive words about this hymn writer and poet that if he were to live today, would be viewed as eccentric!241The Wesley brothers strongly believed that truth could be rehearsed in song and thus stick longer and faster. At some point, Charles settled in London with his wife and children quietly but still productive in hymn writing242. These three were all originally from the established Church (Whitefield & Wesley brothers) and were no doubt mightily used by God to turn the world upside down. Despite being despised, the church produced some of the finest preachers the world has ever known. Collectively, these men catalysed the revival of the Puritan Hope. c. Other eminent saints of the age in England But there were other people God greatly used in that generation in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Howell Harris was a potent Welsh preacher that exercised an effective ministry in his native Wales. He preached all over Wales and once in a while in England as well. He too was Calvinistic and thus naturally blended with Whitefield to facilitate the formation of Calvinistic Methodism. He would later establish a settlement243. He too, akin to his colleagues, fervently and effectively preached the new birth. Another notable Welsh figure during that era was the godly William Williams who exercised a robust and potent Ministry among the Welsh. He is better known as a hymn writer though he was equally a great preacher. He is the author of the classic hymn Guide me through O thou great Jehovah. We may also add the name of John Cennick among this fervent company of effective zealous preachers of the times. He was stoned to death in Northern Ireland while preaching the everlasting gospel. They were men of many parts as it were.
Whitefield died nearly twenty years earlier while the revival fires continued to blaze into the next century, although progressively weaker with the passage of time. Also refer to Victor Sherpherds assertion from his 1998 sermon where he confirms this position. He says: At the funeral of George Whitefield, the Anglican evangelist who was a much more dramatic preacher than either John or Charles Wesley, Charles praised his departed friend in a poem 536 lines long! The site is given at length: http://www.victorshepherd.on.ca/Wesley/The%20Life%20and%20Art%20of%20Charles%20Wesley.htm, accessed on 02/09/2010 241 Refer to the following site to get the entire write up on Charles Wesley: http://www.victorshepherd.on.ca/Wesley/The%20Life%20and%20Art%20of%20Charles%20Wesley.htm, accessed on 02/09/2010 242 Strangely, Charles married a Roman Catholic woman! Men of God too can make grave mistakes! 243 A place called Travecca. He attempted to retreat into evangelical monkism of sorts. Although this retreat has its attendant benefits, it generally hardly yields effective and long lasting impact on its generation.
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Among the non conformists and evangelical party, the likes of Dr Isaac Watts (earlier mentioned), Christmas Evans, Dr Philip Doddrige, William Romaine, Augustus Montague Toplady, John Berridge, John Fletcher, William Grimshaw, Henry Venn, William Cowper, John Newton and many others had a considerable influence in their day. We mention some of these leading figures later in this section d. In New England (The Great awakening) Across the Atlantic, God used the towering Jonathan Edwards to spark some awakening in Northampton, New England. It is said that Jonathan Edwards (we look at him in relatively more detail later) had been labouring away in a church where his grandfather (Solomon Stoddard) had been a Minister without much success but one day, while preaching a sermon called Sinners in the hands of an angry God, he is said to have whipped many into Heaven because such dread captivated the people fearing for their souls244. His sermon is interesting because it is said to have been the beginning of the awakening in the Americas so much that by the time Whitefield was arriving on American turf in the late 1730s, the embers of revival were still smouldering in the back ground. What Whitefield actually did is to fan the flames to a fresh all time high. Edwards was and is still a very influential figure in Theological and philosophical245/natural science circles because he is said to have had deep penetrating insight into Gods word as well as unusual intelligence. For instance, he wrote the book, The Religious affections around the revival of the 1730s which highlight deep insights into what was actually happening. Edwards examined the cases around him and like a skilled surgeon working on a festering septic wound, prescribed the correct treatment. He accurately and meticulously discerned true conversion differentiating it from the counterfeit. His writings are pregnant with traces of the new birth. Lessons From what we have briefly scanned, we can see that the Puritan Hope, according to Iain Murray, was awakened. The Puritans, emphasised conversion of life to God because only that would result in lasting fruit. After they were defrocked from their callings during the great ejection of 1662, their influence steadily declined and died out except for few traces here and there. It was commonly believed that the strong old doctrines had worn out but God raised an army of Christian soldiers who preached basically one message although occasionally differed on emphasis or conviction. We can summarise their teachings in point form where they agreed:
244 Liberation and liberal theologians in general take great exception to such fear evoking preaching for various reasons. Some of them do not believe in an eternal conscience Hell and thus pour scorn on any brimstone preacher. Among the leading such proponents include the venerable CS Lewis (shockingly so in his book the Great Divorce!), John Stott and Robert Brow. These poisonous writers must be read with great caution as they have rejected scripture on this crucial point. 245 Edwards was a great metaphysicist, great mind.

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1. The necessity of the new birth246. All these preachers insisted on this inward transformation and would not settle for anything less. The Nicodemus encounter with Christ was often on their lips and impressed it on the consciences of all their hearers. Nothing short of the new birth was good enough. It is said of John Wesley that he would occasionally meticulously inspect a given congregation which initially had many members, say 600 strong when he begun the inspection. By the time he completed the work, more than two thirds would have been declared unconverted! Thats how serious and thorough these valiant preachers were! Todays minister dares not do that, besides, many of them are ill equipped for the task! It is said that Whitefield publicly preached over 18,000 sermons in his entire ministry of which over two thousand were from John 3:3 because he understood the crucial nature of the new birth! 2. The importance of a converted minister/ministry. They contended that the blind could not possibly lead the blind. Most of the Ministers of the Gospel in their day were involved in all manner of activities which had nothing to do with salvation and thus the life line and punch of the church progressively declined. The spiritual pulse was undetectable owing to multiple layers of sin that had engulfed the Church. Tragically, the resident preachers were fast asleep and unable to declare life giving clarion call. The small but holy company of awakeners appeared on the scene, blasted the clear and unmistakable sound of the gospel. Eye brows were raised while the dead in Christ responded to the certain gospel sound. This gospel call was too loud to be ignored or misunderstood. Many of these heralds literary preached themselves to death if only one more soul could be ushered into Heaven. They were distinctly men of purpose. Later preachers and ministers of the gospel like Ryle and Lloyd-Jones would re-echo this call. 3. Holiness of life and practice. In addition to regeneration, sanctification takes place in the life of a Christian throughout their lives. The inner man is renewed and caused to conform more unto the image of Christ. Holiness and consecration fills their heart and mind so that if anything sinful ventures into their souls, the Christian spirit reacts. This contamination is immediately detected and rejected otherwise no peace reigns in the desecrated heart. More than that, the Christian outwardly lives a holy life which reflects in the quality of their ethical decisions and seasoned language emanating from their lives. When these firebrands candidly preached and insisted on holiness,
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The all experienced the new birth and wrote about it. George Whitefield (1735), Charles Wesley (27th May, 1738) and John Wesley (30th May, 1738), only three days apart from the brother! Charles Wesley says the following about his conversion as quoted by Shepherd: ...by degrees [the Spirit of God] chased away the darkness of my unbelief. I found myself convinced....I saw that by faith I stood. Soon, he wrote that great hymn: And Can it be, which many Christian churches still sing to this day.

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the slumbering dead preachers and sin infested congregations/masses initially violently reacted in various ways. Some turned to Christ while others further detested the gospel as well as the heralds of the message. 4. Spiritual fruit. The regenerate heart has the Holy Spirit permanently in dwelling them and as such, spontaneously produce spiritual fruit, and fruit that will last. Having been instantaneously transformed, the inward disposition is inclined towards doing good which pleases God. Being a new babe in Christ, what pleases you is what God approves and get grieved by what grieves the heart of God. Good works mark out the Christian because of the power of God that has invaded the soul. A real change from the inside out! The preachers insisted that what made this fruit fragrantly rise out of such souls was the regenerating work of the Holy Spirit rather than the works themselves247. Before they came on the scene, the Church had been reduced into a mere social club but by the time they left the centre stage, the picture had entirely been altered. 5. Service to the King of Kings. Wesley, Whitefield, Harris and other company of saints were all sold out to Christs service. They spent and were spent for Christ. The reason for this self exertion and absolute surrender to the master was their belief that their lives were sacrifices to God. They thus were careful what type of service and motives behind those good works offered to the King of Kings, bearing in mind that they would have to give an account on the last day. But we must continue with the tale of eminent individuals in the eighteenth century. I. Philip Doddridge (London, 26 June 1702 Lisbon, Portugal, 26 October 1751): Born in London and lost both parents whilst quite young, Philip was kept by various different people until he grew up to become a great mind in theological circles. Doddridge aligned himself with the dissenters and thus educated in their academies. He would later retain a lifelong interest in education as well as theology. Philip led a grammar school and later took on a pastorate (at United Reformed Church, Northampton) where he successfully laboured for many years. It was whilst here that the Aberdeen University conferred upon him the title of Doctor of Divinity (DD), maintained a close correspondence with many revivalists and theological thinkers of his day, including the venerable Dr Isaac Watts. He married Mercy Maris and they had nine children of whom only four survived to adulthood. Doddridges theology was clear for he understood the new

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That is why we have problems with those who teach that any one should be baptized or enter church membership prior to conversion. In the quest to retain numbers in the church enshrouded in all sorts of humanistic rational reasons, these theologians like Robert Brow in effect weaken the church. For how can you expect spiritual fruit from an unregenerate soul?

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birth and wrote an influential book The Rise and Progress of Religion in the soul (1745) which led to the conversion people like William Wilberforce much later. But Philip was not only an educator or preacher, he was also a famed hymn writer, authoring over 400 hymns. Dr Doddridge definitely exerted himself to the extent that his health was negatively affected eventually. After many years of tireless, incessant labours as well as declining health, this valiant soldier of Christ was requested to travel further south on the continent so that he could possibly recover. He would not return. Philip entered glory on October 26, 1751 in the 49th year of his life. II. Jonathan Edwards (October 5, 1703 March 22, 1758): Arguably one of the greatest thinkers of all time (Theological and otherwise). He was a prolific writer and deep theologian. Edwards said this on regeneration: Conversion is the greatest change that men undergo in this world. In the Religious Affections, Edwards traces out the new birth and synthesises what he thinks are true marks of someone who has been regenerated. "There are very many of the most important things declared in the gospel, that are hid from the eyes of natural men." ...but..."as soon as ever the eyes are opened to behold the holy beauty and amiableness that is in divine things, a multitude of most important doctrines of the gospel, that depend on it (which all appear strange and dark to natural men), are at once seen to be true."248 Edwards further says, "True gracious affections are attended with a reasonable and spiritual conviction of the judgment, of the reality and certainty of divine things."249 Archibald Alexander (1772-1851): Although technically part of the eighteenth century, Alexander was a prolific writer and said the following in relation to the necessity of regeneration: The necessity of a change of character in man arises from the fact that by nature all men are dead in trespasses and sins (Ephesians 2: 1) and therefore if any of the human race are every saved, they must be regenerated. In His excellent work, A brief compendium of Bible Truth he has this to say in relation to Regeneration and conversion: .... Even if a man could be justified and yet remain under the power of sin, he could not be happy, because sin contains in itself the seeds of misery, and such a one would certainly be incapable of participating in the joys of Heaven, which require a holy nature to perceive or relish them. Therefore, our Lord said to Nicodemus, except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God (John 3:3)250...it is not necessary to

III.

248
249

Edwards, Religious Affections Edwards, Religious Affections as quoted by John Hendryx, from the internet accessed on 13/07/2010. 250 A brief Compendium of Bible truthPP134

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be very exact in distinguishing between regeneration and conversion especially as the scriptures appear to speak of both of them. But it may not be amiss to remark that regeneration, which is the communication of spiritual life, is the act of God, conversion, which is a turning from sin to God, is our act, in consequence of the divine influence exerted on our minds...251 That God is the author of regeneration is evident from scripture and from the nature of the case. The same power that caused light to shine out of darkness must shine in our hearts to give us the light of the knowledge of God. Which are born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God (John 1:13).... He further says: Life in all cases, is the gift of God. If spiritual life be extinct in man, none but the power of God is adequate to rekindle it...252 It is said that we are born again...by the word of God which liveth and abideth for ever (I Peter 1:23), and that God of His own will, begat...us with the word of truth (James 1:18)... The word here is considered the instrument in the hands of the Spirit yet ...it has no saving efficacy without a divine energy accompanying it. But now how is the word a means of regeneration? To answer this, two answers may be given, accordingly as we use the word regeneration in a stricter or wider sense. As the operation of God in the communication of life to the soul is an instantaneous act, there is no place for any instrumentality in producing the effect, when the heart is prepared by grace, the word is the means of regeneration only as God has connected the influences of the Spirit with the preaching & reading of the word. But if we take the new birth in a wider sense, to include not merely the operation of God on the soul but also the effects produced in the changed views & feelings of the soul, then we can easily understand how the word is a means of giving knowledge to the mind, and exactly those exercises and affections in which the spiritual life essentially consists. The word alone can never generate a true faith; but, when the Spirit of God has operated on the mind, the glorious truths of the gospel begin to appear in their true light and become the object of a saving faith...253 ...in regeneration there is no new faculty created, understanding by the word faculty some constituent power of the soul; for as by the fall, man did not cease to be a moral agent, but retained all the faculties which belonged to him as man, so that no new faculty is produced...the loss was not any physical power, but the moral excellence in which man was created...254 ...the moral character is a kind of clothing of the soul which may be essentially changed, while the essence of the

251 252

Ibid PP134 Ibid PP 135 253 PP135-136 254 PP136

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soul and its natural faculties remain unchanged...255 This theological giant has summarized a lot of truth in capsule form. His position on regeneration and other related doctrines is clearly monergistic. IV. Matthew Henry (1662 -1714): Born near Wales the year of the Great ejection, Matthew Henry is well known for his six volume commentaries on the whole Bible. Following the path of his preacher father, the Rev Philip Henry, he would turn out to be a strong Calvinistic exegete of high quality and repute. He worked on the devotional work for many years and died before he completed it. His students and like minded brethren took over from the book of Acts right to the end of the Bible. It is abundantly clear from his writings that the man knew what it is to be a new creature in Christ as well as what characterises a true worshipper of the living God. The quote on regeneration we refer to at this point is given at length: Nicodemus was afraid, or ashamed to be seen with Christ, therefore came in the night. When religion is out of fashion, there are many Nicodemites. But though he came by night, Jesus bid him welcome, and hereby taught us to encourage good beginnings, although weak. And though now he came by night, yet afterward he owned Christ publicly. He did not talk with Christ about state affairs, though he was a ruler, but about the concerns of his own soul and its salvation, and went at once to them. Our Saviour spoke of the necessity and nature of regeneration or the new birth, and at once directed Nicodemus to the source of holiness of the heart. Birth is the beginning of life; to be born again, is to begin to live anew, as those who have lived much amiss, or to little purpose. We must have a new nature, new principles, new affections, and new aims. By our first birth we were corrupt, shapen in sin; therefore we must be made new creatures. No stronger expression could have been chosen to signify a great and most remarkable change of state and character. We must be entirely different from what we were before, as that which begins to be at any time, is not, and cannot be the same with that which was before. This new birth is from heaven, 13, and its tendency is to heaven. It is a great change made in the heart of a sinner, by the power of the Holy Spirit. It means that something is done in us, and for us, which we cannot do for ourselves. Something is wrong, whereby such a life begins as shall last forever. We cannot otherwise expect any benefit by Christ; it is necessary to our happiness here and hereafter. What Christ speak, Nicodemus misunderstood, as if there had been no other way of regenerating and newmoulding an immortal soul, than by new-framing the body. But he acknowledged his ignorance, which shows a desire to be better informed. It is then further

255

PP137

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explained by the Lord Jesus. He shows the Author of this blessed change. It is not wrought by any wisdom or power of our own, but by the power of the blessed Spirit. We are shapen in iniquity, which makes it necessary that our nature be changed. We are not to marvel at this; for, when we consider the holiness of God, the depravity of our nature, and the happiness set before us, we shall not think it strange that so much stress is laid upon this. The regenerating work of the Holy Spirit is compared to water. It is also probable that Christ had reference to the ordinance of baptism. Not that all those, and those only, that are baptized, are saved; but without that new birth which is wrought by the Spirit, and signified by baptism, none shall be subjects of the kingdom of heaven. The same word signifies both the wind and the Spirit. The wind bloweth where it listeth for us; God directs it. The Spirit sends his influences where, and when, on whom, and in what measure and degree, he pleases. Though the causes are hidden, the effects are plain, when the soul is brought to mourn for sin, and to breathe after Christ. Christ's stating of the doctrine and the necessity of regeneration, it should seem, made it not clearer to Nicodemus. Thus the things of the Spirit of God are foolishness to the natural man. Many think that cannot be proved, which they cannot believe. Christ's discourse of gospel truths, verses 11-13, shows the folly of those who make these things strange unto them; and it recommends us to search them out. Jesus Christ is every way able to reveal the will of God to us; for he came down from heaven, and yet is in heaven. We have here a notice of Christ's two distinct natures in one person, so that while he is the Son of man, yet he is in heaven. God is the "HE THAT IS," and heaven is the dwelling-place of his holiness. The knowledge of this must be from above, and can be received by faith alone. Jesus Christ came to save us by healing us, as the children of Israel, stung with fiery serpents, were cured and lived by looking up to the brazen serpent, Numbers 21:6-9. In this observe the deadly and destructive nature of sin. Ask awakened consciences, ask damned sinners, they will tell you, that how charming soever the allurements of sin may be, at the last it bites like a serpent. See the powerful remedy against this fatal malady. Christ is plainly set forth to us in the gospel. He whom we offended is our Peace, and the way of applying for a cure is by believing. If any so far slight either their disease by sin, or the method of cure by Christ, as not to receive Christ upon his own terms, their ruin is upon their own heads. He has said, Look and be saved, look and live; lift up the eyes of your faith to Christ crucified. And until we have grace to do this, we shall not be cured, but still are wounded with the stings of Satan, and in a dying state. Jesus Christ came to save us by pardoning us, that we might not die by the sentence of the law. Here is gospel, good news indeed. Here is God's love in giving his Son
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for the world. God so loved the world; so really, so richly. Behold and wonder, that the great God should love such a worthless world! Here, also, is the great gospel duty, to believe in Jesus Christ. God having given him to be our Prophet, Priest, and King, we must give up ourselves to be ruled, and taught, and saved by him. And here is the great gospel benefit, that whoever believes in Christ, shall not perish, but shall have everlasting life. God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, and so saving it. It could not be saved, but through him; there is no salvation in any other. From all this is shown the happiness of true believers; he that believeth in Christ is not condemned. Though he has been a great sinner, yet he is not dealt with according to what his sins deserve. How great is the sin of unbelievers! God sent One to save us, that was dearest to himself; and shall he not be dearest to us? How great is the misery of unbelievers! They are condemned already; which speaks a certain condemnation; a present condemnation. The wrath of God now fastens upon them; and their own hearts condemn them. There is also a condemnation grounded on their former guilt; they are open to the law for all their sins; because they are not by faith interested in the gospel pardon. Unbelief is a sin against the remedy. It springs from the enmity of the heart of man to God, from love of sin in some form. Read also the doom of those that would not know Christ. Sinful works are works of darkness. The wicked world keeps as far from this light as they can, lest their deeds should be reproved. Christ is hated, because sin is loved. If they had not hated saving knowledge, they would not sit down contentedly in condemning ignorance. On the other hand, renewed hearts bid this light welcome. A good man acts truly and sincerely in all he does. He desires to know what the will of God is, and to do it, though against his own worldly interest. A change in his whole character and conduct has taken place. The love of God is shed abroad in his heart by the Holy Ghost, and is become the commanding principle of his actions. So long as he continues under a load of unforgiven guilt, there can be little else than slavish fear of God; but when his doubts are done away, when he sees the righteous ground where on this forgiveness is built, he rests on it as his own, and is united to God by unfeigned love. Our works are good when the will of God is the rule of them, and the glory of God the end of them; when they are done in his strength, and for his sake; to him, and not to men. Regeneration, or the new birth, is a subject to which the world is very averse; it is, however, the grand concern, in comparison with which everything else is but trifling. What does it signify though we have food to eat in plenty, and variety of raiment to put on, if we are not born again? if after a few mornings and evenings spent in unthinking mirth, carnal pleasure, and riot, we die in our sins, and lie down in sorrow? What does it signify though we are well able
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to act our parts in life, in every other respect, if at last we hear from the Supreme Judge, "Depart from me, I know you not, ye workers of iniquity?256 Henry makes another comment on 2 Corinthians 5 relating to the necessity of regeneration: The renewed man acts upon new principles, by new rules, with new ends, and in new company. The believer is created anew; his heart is not merely set right, but a new heart is given him. He is the workmanship of God, created in Christ Jesus unto good works. Though the same as a man, he is changed in his character and conduct. These words must and do mean more than an outward reformation. The man who formerly saw no beauty in the Saviour that he should desire him, now loves him above all things. The heart of the unregenerate is filled with enmity against God, and God is justly offended with him. Yet there may be reconciliation. Our offended God has reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ. By the inspiration of God, the Scriptures were written, which are the word of reconciliation; showing that peace has been made by the cross, and how we may be interested therein. Though God cannot lose by the quarrel, nor gain by the peace, yet he beseeches sinners to lay aside their enmity, and accept the salvation he offers. Christ knew no sin. He was made Sin; not a sinner, but Sin, a Sin-offering, a Sacrifice for sin. The end and design of all this was, that we might be made the righteousness of God in him, might be justified freely by the grace of God through the redemption which is in Christ Jesus. Can any lose, labour, or suffer too much for Him, who gave his beloved Son to be the Sacrifice for their sins, that they might be made the righteousness of God in him?257 From the foregoing quotations, it is definitely clear that monergistic regeneration is the way to go. The eighteenth century was really an exciting and momentous time. A lot of changes took place then. Learning, the arts, scholarship and much more were coming to the fore. God was also pleased to bless that generation with mighty preachers who went in His name to accomplish mighty feats in His name. Had we time and space, we could have summoned many mighty instruments by name but we however must transition to the next century for now. The 19th Century The opening of the 19th Century was occasioned by some significant activities that included the abolishment of the slave trade in 1807 as well as the passing of most of the
256
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Source: http://www.christnotes.org/commentary.php?b=43&c=3&com=mhc, accessed on 05/10/2010 Source: http://www.biblegateway.com/resources/commentaries/Matthew-Henry/2Cor/Necessity-Regeneration-God, accessed on 05/10/2010

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leading fiery evangelists of the 18th Century. Only very few survived to this century and were either aged or quite drained after a life full of activity and energy. Cowper died quietly in 1800 while John Newton was gathered to his Fathers in 1807. Whitefield (1770), John Wesley (1791), Charles Wesley (1788)258, Howell Harris and a host of others had already been gathered to their fathers. The new century appeared to hold promise for further work of God as interest in eschatology was revived. The great Missionary enterprise would be the result of these interests as people longed for Christs return. Thus, God raised the great missionaries who forsook everything if only they could be counted among those Christ had called to serve him in the unknown and unevangelised lands such as Africa, India, China among many. Amongst these were William Carey, Hudson Taylor, and David Livingstone in the long line of devoted servants of God. The century also raised mighty preachers and thinkers of which BB Warfield, Charles Hodge, DL Moody, JN Darby, CH Spurgeon and JC Ryle rank among the best minds and preachers of the age. The century had a fair share of challenges and apostasies. Firstly, this generation saw the rise of liberal theology in Germany which quickly spread to the rest of Europe and eventually to the ends of the earth. The higher critics questioned the Bible and disputed that the Holy Scriptures were indeed the actual infallible, inerrant word of God and whether they were authoritative at all. In effect, the critics attacked or questioned the inspiration of the Bible. Then there was Charles Darwin who hailed from theological circles only to create a monster in the name of evolution. His 1859 Origin of species volume struck at the root of Biblical Christianity and effectively rejected the existence of God or His having created the world. Then there was Hume, Huxley, Kant (much earlier) and a myriad others that dismissed the written word as fanciful thoughts of men schemed and designed to stifle enquiry into the truth. To counter these errors, particularly Darwins theory, a number of apologists rose to the occasion using different methods and tools attempting to quench the evolutionary fires but the blaze was far too strong. Others wrongly assumed that this little theory would soon die away and truth continues to flourish as before but they were badly mistaken. Evolution is still here with us today and pervasively envelopes most, if not all the curriculums found in public schools and Universities across the world. That said the century was a great one in many senses because raised a great standard that better refined the Bible truths which we presently relish today. In recounting some key figures of the century, we pick out some whose works demonstrate that they held regeneration and have left evidence of this on the printed page. We commence our investigation with Octavious Winslow, whose works clearly highlight his sensitivity to the work of the Spirit:

258

Charles Wesleys wife, Sarah Gwynne, died in London, 1822 having out lived her husband by over 30 years!She was 96.

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1. Octavius Winslow (1808-1878): Winslow was a Minister who spent a larger part of his ministry in England. He demonstrates a passion and inclination towards the work of the Holy Spirit which many theologians in his day appear to have seriously neglected. He mentions this lament in his works and puts across many searching propositions which todays theologians do well to consider seriously and address. To demonstrate what we mean in relation to his deep concern, we quote his words at length: Regeneration, as taught by many in the present day, differs widely from the doctrine as preached in the days of the Apostles and Reformers. In their writings and discourses the basis was deeply and broadly laid in the original and total depravity of man; this doctrine is now by many greatly modified, if not absolutely denied. In the days of primitive Christianity, the utter helplessness of the creature, and absolute and indispensable necessity of the Holy Spirits influences in regeneration of the soul, were distinctly and rigidly enforced; sentiments the reverse of these, subversive of the scripture doctrine of regeneration, and destructive of the best interests of the soul, are now zealously and widely promulgated. Surely this is a cause of deep humiliation before God; May He restore to His ministers and people a pure language, and graciously revive the precious soul- humbling, Christ honouring truths, once the safeguard and the glory of our land.... 259 and further Winslow says: Regeneration is a work standing alone and distinct from all other operations of the Divine Spirit. It is to be carefully distinguished from conversion, adoption, Justification and sanctification, and yet must be regarded as forming the basis and the spring-head of them all. For instance, there can be no conversion without a principle of life in the soul, for conversion is the exercise of a spiritual power implanted in man. There can be no sense of adoption apart from a renewed nature, for adoption confers the privilege only, not the nature, of sons. There can be no comforting sense of acceptance in the Beloved until the mind has passed from death unto life, nor can there be the smallest advance in conformity of the will and of the affections to the image of God while there is wanting in the soul the very root of holiness. Faith is a purifying grace, but faith is only found in the heart created anew in Christ Jesus. There must necessarily be the spiritual renewal of the whole man, before the soul can pass into an adopted, justified and sanctified state.... 260 No doubt, this sensitive minister of the gospel probably was among the first to spot the deficiency in Pneumatology and write about it in his day. Others would follow in his tracks much later. 2. Charles Haddon Spurgeon (1834-1892): A very evangelistic Baptist preacher, arguably the Prince of Preachers, unsurpassed among 19th century British
259 260

The Work of the Holy Spirit, pp32 Ibid pp32-33

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evangelistic pulpiteers. A constant admirer of George Whitefield and the Puritans before him. This is what he had to say about regeneration: It is the hinge of the gospel. It is a subject which lies at the very basis of salvation. It is the very ground work of our hopes for heaven; and as we ought to be very careful of the basement of our structure, so should we be very diligent to take heed that we are really born again, and that we have made sure work of it for eternity.261 In one other book, Spurgeon mentions some very revealing statements as he handles the subject of regeneration. Here are selected portions of the chapter on regeneration: ...The new birth is from above, and therefore it is not in the creatures power ...I freely admit that the new birth is supernatural, and that it cannot be wrought by the sinners own self....the Lord does in fact produce the new birth in all who believe in Jesus; and their believing is the surest evidence that they are born again...It is ours to believe, it is the Lords to create anew. He will not believe for us, neither are we to do regenerating work for Him. It is enough for us to obey the gracious command; it is for the Lord to work the new birth in us...but the work of the Holy Spirit is secret and mysterious, and can only be perceived by its results...it is certain that no man who believes in Jesus will ever find that the Holy Spirit refuses to work in him: in fact, his believing is proof that the Spirit is already at work in his heart...we repent and believe though we could do neither if the Lord did not enable us. We forsake sin and trust in Jesus, and then we perceive that the Lord has wrought in us to will and to do his own good pleasure. It is idle to pretend that there is any real difficulty in the matter...do not commit spiritual suicide through a passion for discussing metaphysical subtleties.262 Charles clearly under stood the doctrine very well as demonstrated in his earnest appeals to the sinner to take the right step and yet reminds them that salvation belongs to our God. Many modern preachers need to learn this amazing blend of clearly sounding the truth and yet pressing the responsibility on the sinner to make amends with the ever ready saviour. 3. Charles Grandison Finney (August 29, 1792 August 16, 1875): Charles G Finney is famed as one of the greatest evangelists of all time. He was part of the second great awakening (in USA) and is reputed to have commenced the alter call system in order to persuade people to turn to the saviour. Charles was undoubtedly a very passionate and persuasive preacher that often spent time perfecting his public speaking skills at many times literary preaching to trees in the woods! No wonder he has been called the Father of modern revivalism. Finney was also a very holy, gracious and prayerful man who when eventually came out to preach the gospel, he was an arsenal in the
261 262

C H Spurgeon, Regeneration, May 3 1857 sermon delivered at the Royal Surrey Gardens, as quoted by Isaac Makashini. From the ebook All of Grace by CH Spurgeon.

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hands of the master! Being Arminian263 in persuasion (though initially hailing from a Calvinistic background), Finney believed that people had the ability and moral capacity264 to regenerate themselves once motivated and persuaded to do so. This belief propelled him to use all sorts of arguments he could marshal to show men the need to make a decision for Christ, and to some extent, he succeeded with the human eye. Though he be dead, Finney has bequeathed us with the sometimes controversial alter call system nearly universally practiced today by about every arminiastic inclined Tele-evangelist. As earlier intimated, Finney preached the need of the new birth although he also believed that a person could make a decision to turn to Christ being free moral agents. For that reason, he has been handled with extreme caution and reservations because of his Pelagian tendencies in his theology. Conrad Mbewe has written a small monograph which adequately deals with this gentleman. 4. Dwight L Moody (February 5, 1837 - December 22, 1899): Was a fiery preacher that was mightily used by God in 19th century American evangelicalism. His meetings were characterised by deeply evangelistic appeals to sinners urging them to turn to the saviour or be lost forever. More than just an evangelist or preacher, Moody was a publisher, established the Moody Church and institute in Massachusetts, USA. Like CH Spurgeon of the UK, Moody exercised a very powerful and effective ministry both in the USA and across the Atlantic. Although not fully a five point Calvinist, Dwights theology was clearly sound and evangelical insisting on the new birth as the only way to salvation. The crowds attending his ministry often numbered over five thousands when he preached and at times reached as high as 30,000! After a tiring and punishing itinerary, his frame gave way to what was suspected congestive heart failure. Thus lived, laboured and died the great evangelist, D L Moody. 5. Ira D Sankey (August 28, 1840 August 13, 1908): Known as the sweet singer of Methodism, Sankey was associated with the evangelist D L Moody alongside whom he laboured. Whenever Moody was scheduled to preach, Sankey would first sing prior to and after the powerful evangelistic preaching. His music was very evangelistic and clearly displayed sound theological gospel content. At one time, he visited the UK in Moodys company where they had a lasting impact, as evidenced by CH Spurgeons support and promotion. Most of his Hymns were extremely evangelistic and appealed to sinners to respond to the gospel call.

Though strictly speaking, this man was a Pelagian because he denied original sin and held that a sinner could volitionary turn to God of their own accord, if only they were persuaded to do so. He thus crafted many tactics designed to persuade the will to respond to the gospel, since their will was sovereign on this matter of salvation. Refer to Reformation Today, Sept-Oct 2010, # 237 pp 8 264 Or will

263

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6. John Charles Ryle (10 May 1816 - 10 June 1900): J C Ryle is arguably one of the finest if not the greatest theologians to have graced the established church. His mind and theology leave one hungering for more because Charles had a way of making these strong old doctrines sweet and digestible. Most of his works are still relevant and fresh to this day, despite having become Bishop at age 65 when many mortals are looking forward to retiring. Instead of being less effective, he instead became even more fruitful. CH Spurgeon once said of Ryle that he was the best man in the established church indicating that the Bishop of Liverpool had caught and impressed his eye. Ryle was a convinced Evangelical within the vale of the dying Church of England. Charles led a group that were persuaded in the truthfulness of the scriptures as well as the necessity of the new birth. On many occasions than one, this theologian spoke about the new birth as being essential to one entering the Kingdom of God. We quote him at length: It is that complete change of heart and character which the Holy Spirit works in a person when he becomes a Christian. The Church catechism (Anglican) calls it a death unto sin, and a new birth unto righteousness. It is the same thing as being born again, or born of God, or born of the Spirit. Except a man be born again means except a man be regenerate. If any man be in Christ, he is a new creature; that is, he is born again, or regenerate (John 3:3; 2 Corinthians 5:17).265... In Knots Untied, Ryle has this to say about regeneration. He defines it as ...that change of heart and nature which a man goes through when he becomes a true Christian266 and then proceeds to say the following about its necessity as well as in relation to Baptismal regeneration: Exceeding sinfulness of our natural hearts necessitates regeneration because without regeneration we shall never be saved at all... (I Corinthians 2:14). I propose in this paper to supply an answer to the common arguments in favour of Baptismal Regeneration which are based on the Baptismal service of the Prayer-book. I wish to show that in this, as in any other questions, the truth is not entirely on one side, as many seem to suppose. Above all, I wish to show that it is possible to be a consistent, honest, thoughtful member of the Church of England, and yet not hold the doctrine of Baptismal regeneration...267 Clearly, Ryle did not hold Baptismal regeneration despite being an Anglican. Spurgeon once raised an issue about this doctrine (Baptismal Regeneration) prompting a flood of responses from all quarters within the established church circles! Thus, although the new birth was rejected or unknown in Anglican circles, certainly JC Ryle knew about and held monergistic regeneration.

265
266

The Upper Room, pp 350, Evangelical Press Refer to Ryles sermon on regeneration in Knots Untied pp87 267 Knots Untied pp 103

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7. Charles Hodge (Dec. 27, 1797, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.-June 19, 1878, Princeton, N.J.): A deep thinker and theologian that was greatly influential in American Evangelical thinking. Charles is certainly numbered among great theologians in the 19th century whose fame spanned far and wide, but his best was at the Princeton Theological Seminary where he served as Principal and Professor of Systematic theology. As a result, his three-volume Systematic Theology stands tall and relevant to this day in addition to his other works such as The way of life and apologetics (i.e. What is Darwinism?) among many. Hodge was one of the many theologians that responded to Charles Darwins theory of evolution using his unique approach to apologetics. That said Charles deserves to be numbered among great thinkers who contributed to our understanding of monergistic regeneration. He says the following in relation to the subject: The scriptures teach us that religion is a new, spiritual life. Its commencement is therefore, called a new birth, a creation, a spiritual resurrection. It is, as to its principle or source, mysterious. No man can tell what life is. He sees its different forms in vegetables, in animals, and in the rational soul; but he cannot detect the secret spring of these different kinds of activity. The nature of spiritual life is not less scrutible. The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it commeth, and whither it goeth: so is everyone that is born of the Spirit. A new kind of activity manifests itself in the soul that is born of God; but whence that activity springs, and how it is maintained, are among the secret things of God. We cannot doubt, however, that there is some permanent cause of these new exercises. We know that life of the body does not consist in the acts of seeing, hearing, tasting, etc; nor does the soul consist of thought and volition; neither does spiritual life consist in acts which manifest its existence. There is in regeneration a change effected in the state of the soul which accounts for its perceptions, purposes, and feelings being different from what they were before, and for their so continuing...268 The Princeton Theologian is at one of his many bests when describing the nature of spiritual life. His view on the new birth is unquestionably monergistic. 8. Alexander Archibald Hodge (July 18, 1823 November 12, 1886)269: A son and successor of the towering Charles Hodge at the Princeton Theological Seminary, Alexander had an illustrious career as pastor, missionary (to India) and preacher before taking over as Systematic Theology professor at the Princeton Theological Seminary. Among his major works include, Outlines of Theology, The Atonement and his commentary on the Westminster confession of faith. Alexander, like his father, was a deep thinker and has the following to say on regeneration: "That
268 269

The Way of Life, pp205-206, Banner of Truth Trust 1959 edition Refer to the following site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Alexander_Hodge , accessed on 03/08/2010

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the sole agent in this effectual calling is the Holy Ghost; that he uses Gospel truth as his instrument; and that, while all sinners are active in resisting the common influences of grace before regeneration, and all believers in co-operating with sanctifying grace after regeneration, nevertheless every new-created soul is passive with respect to that divine act of the Holy Spirit whereby he is regenerated ... voluntary acts of the human soul are determined by, and derive their character from, the affections and desires which prompt them; and that these affections and desires derive their character from the permanent moral state of the soul in which they arise. In the unregenerate this permanent moral state and disposition of the soul is evil, and hence the action is evil. Action positively holy is impossible except as the consequence of a positively holy disposition. The infusion of such a disposition must therefore precede any act of true spiritual obedience. Effectual calling, according to the usage of our Standards, is the act of the Holy Spirit effecting regeneration. Regeneration is the effect produced by the Holy Spirit in effectual calling. The Holy Spirit, in the act of effectual calling, causes the soul to become regenerate by implanting a new governing principle or habit of spiritual affection and action. The soul itself, in conversion, immediately acts under the guidance of this new principle in turning from sin unto God through Christ. It is evident that the implantation of the gracious principle is different from the exercise of that principle, and that the making a man willing is different from his acting willingly. The first is the act of God solely; the second is the consequent act of man, dependent upon the continued assistance of the Holy Ghost." 270 Surely, who can argue against such deeply biblical theology? Its extremely rich in content and soundness! 9. John Nelson Darby271 (1800-1882): An Irish clergy man who with several brethren withdrew from the Anglican Church to meet and subsequently form an assembly at Plymouth, hence the group272 name, Plymouth brethren. As the higher criticism battle against the Bible, its inspiration and authority raged higher, some conservative orthodox brethren resolved to remain steadfastly true to the revealed word of God whose leader was Darby. Born in London, educated at Trinity College (Dublin), Darby, like other ministers in his day started off as God fearing evangelicals who soon encountered the damaging winds of liberalism and thus raised their doctrinal defence shields. After defending the faith for several years, arduous labour, wide travel and diligent study, his body gave way. It was while he was seriously ill for some time that he had more time to reflect on some theological issues. He would develop his dispensational views as relates to the advent of Christ. Nelson is thus
270 271

(A. A. Hodge The Westminster Confession of Faith Commentary Chapter Ten Of Effectual Calling). Quoted by Hendryx Most of the information has been sourced on the following site: http://www.histable.com/JND.html , accessed on 10/08/2010 272 In effect, the Brethren, were initially none denominational and actually detested all denominational label or attachement.

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considered the Father of modern dispensationalism. But there were other works that Darby is famed for. John has over 53 volumes to his credit worth perusing through and certainly, the saint will not be disappointed in the main. One distinctive however is that he insisted on the literal interpretation of scripture as well as consequent evangelical obedience. Though he differed with some of his colleagues (even leading to a split among the brethren), his name none the less still towers above all others in the brethren circles in general. In terms of his theology in relation to regeneration, Darby appears to have probably held the synergistic position. Though we may not entirely agree with him on every theological point of doctrine, he certainly exerted himself towards Biblical truth as he saw best. For that, we salute his efforts. 10. Charles Robert Darwin273 (12 February 1809 19 April 1882):

Wikipedia /08/2010

Voyage of The Beagle274

Although our present character scarcely deserves to be in this list of witnesses in


favour of regeneration, we thought it wise to include him to act as a back drop to our narration as well as to prove that philosophies of men cannot inhibit the secret operations of God. The Lord saves who He wills to save, where and at what time it pleases Him. In the same breathe, He hardens others to their just condemnation such as was probably the case of the person we now turn to consider275. We trust this little justification note brings us back into focus rather than diverting our attention or goal.

273

Note that BB Warfield has written an interesting write up on Darwins religious life in his Studies in Theology, published by the Banner of Truth, 1988 edition 274 Picture found on the following site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg#file 275 Though some argue that Charles Darwin recanted his deviant theological ways and returning to the Lord on his death bed. Testimonies to that effect differ, with his children flatly denying such a thing ever happened and rather claiming that the aged Charles went to the grave in his state of unbelief. As earlier mentioned, BB Warfield has written on Charles Darwins Religious life in his Studies in theology pp541-584 of the 1988 Banner of Truth Edition.

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Charles Darwin started off as a trained Anglican Minister of the Gospel but it would appear he was searching for something else. His interest in the natural sciences and other phenomena finally found full expression when he decided to go on a long trip around the world in which Charles determined to gather tangible evidence for his theory of origins, although in embryo stage at the time. After travelling to many islands and continents across the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans, Darwin reached Australia and then headed back home to England. In 1859, he published his famous book, The Origin of species, in which he proposed a theory stating that the origin of life lay in the evolution of species over time rather than created by the hand of God. In that theory, he categorically rejected the Biblical account of theistic creation in favour of progressive evolution of species over long periods of time. Charles further submitted that as species evolved, some became extinct while others mutated into higher and more complex species. Thus, the survival of the fittest theory gained currency in support of his ideas. He would later come out in open opposition to the Christian faith in which he had been trained and naturally, he attracted the wrath and violent reaction from the clergy. Despite the flurry and avalanche attacks from literary all fronts of the faith community, Darwin steadfastly stuck to his guns summoning every argument he could marshal to defend and foster his theory. Stinging Theological giants from all over the world as far afield as the USA rose to the occasion to argue against the watershed teaching which quickly spread like wild fire and gained momentum276. Theological giants like Benjamin B Warfield, Charles Hodge, Charles Haddon Spurgeon, John Charles Ryle among others firmly stood on the inspired page and vigorously defend the Bibles correct historicity. Try as they might, the tide generated by Darwins theory was far too strong. Their efforts (Theologians), approaches and methods varied with different effects and success though Darwin soldiered on. Eventually, Darwinism permeated all sectors of society and even over threw the faith of some. Today, nearly all the public higher institutions of learning in the Western world are premised on Darwins evolutionary theories rather than on theistic foundations as had been in times past. Darwin created a monster that is still with us today and promises to be around for a long time to come. The take home lesson is that even theologians can go astray. We could further assert that not every person that wears the collar or preachers gown is necessarily regenerate, hence the need to carefully watch and check these people because they too are prone to err, wonder or sin. At its core and in its essential nature, Darwinism rejects God and therefore regeneration as well. It also challenges the sufficiency and inerrancy of scripture as revealed in the Bible.

276

Or prominence

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11. Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield (November 5, 1851 February 16, 1921): A theological giant of high rank, illustrious and deep thinker of the nineteenth century. He was professor of Princeton Seminary and wrote many theological works that include Faith and Life, Counterfeit miracles, The work of the Holy Spirit etc. Every Lords day, he held talks on various subjects with theological students at the seminary as well as contended for the faith in various journals and other periodicals. Born in Lexington, Kentucky, he was to emerge as one of the theological heavy weights of his era. He says the following on regeneration: The Christian is described in the New Testament as one who is born again and has become a new creature. This is contrasted with his previous condition in which he was dead in trespasses and sins. This great change is an operation of the Holy Spirit. It has been described as a radical and complete transformation wrought in the soul by God the Holy spirit, by virtue of which we become new men, no longer conformed to this world, but in holiness and knowledge of the truth created in the image of God277 Warfield stands as a legend in his era because the sheer amount of thought and works he produced leave many of us breathless. This can only be explained by the fact that the man loved truth and so exerted himself to the limit. This is a challenge and rebuke to many of us today. 12. W T G Shedd (1820-1894)278: A Literature Professor and Theologian of high repute handled various neglected doctrines as well contributed to important subjects of the day. He is well known for many works among them the volume on the doctrine of Endless Punishment which was and continues to be under severe attack by the liberal theologians. He is also known for other works such as Calvinism: Pure and Mixed, Dogmatic Theology, and Sermons on Natural Man among others. Shedds held monergistic regeneration and one of his sermons called The necessity of divine influences of 1876 has this to say: THE reality, and necessity, of the operation of the Holy Spirit upon the human heart, is a doctrine very frequently taught in the Scriptures. Our Lord, in the passage from which the text is taken, speaks of the third Person in the Trinity in such a manner as to convey the impression that His agency is as indispensable, in order to spiritual life, as food is in order to physical; that sinful man as much needs the influences of the Holy Ghost as he does his daily bread. If a son shall ask bread of any of you that is a father, will he give him a stone? If this is not at all supposable, in the case of an affectionate earthly parent, much less is it supposable that God the heavenly Father will refuse renewing and sanctifying influences to them that ask for them. By employing such a significant comparison as
277
278

As quoted by the Inter varsity Doctrinal statement on the new life as in regeneration. Refer to the following site: http://www.the-highway.com/influences1_Shedd.html accessed on 03/08/2010

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this, our Lord implies that there is as pressing need of the gift in the one instance as in the other. For, he does not compare spiritual influences with the mere luxuries of life, with wealth, fame, or power but with the very staff of life itself. He selects the very bread by which the human body lives, to illustrate the helpless sinners need of the Holy Ghost. When God, by his prophet, would teach His people that he would at some future time bestow a rich and remarkable blessing upon them, He says: I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh. When our Saviour was about to leave his disciples, and was sending them forth as the ministers of his religion, he promised them a direct and supernatural agency that should reprove the world of sin, of righteousness, and of judgment. We should be grateful to the Lord for such minds as Shedds who delved into areas which many of us dread to go into and yet, he held regeneration as demonstrated above! 13. William Cunningham (1805-1861): Was an unrivalled authority in Church History. His monumental two volume Historical theology stands unrivalled to this day with so much meat more than any average reader can take in. Williams voluminous work is his own memorial and traces all sorts of historical issues that would be of interest. He commences his historical consideration right from the book of Acts right up to the 19th century with unusual remarkable depth and precision. Cunningham was a Scottish historian who lived from 1805 to 1861 shortly after CH Spurgeon commenced his popular Ministry in London. William was clearly Calvinistic in his theology and therefore modernistic. To further cement our assertion, we quote his writings at length. With respect to effectual calling Cunningham says: ...Calvinists admit that the impetration and the application of spiritual blessings are distinct things, --impetration being the immediate effect of Christs work, and being completed when Christs sacrifice of himself in mens room was presented and accepted; and application, or the actual bestowal of these blessings upon men individually, being the result of the operation of the Holy Spirit, when by Him men individually are united to Christ through faith, so as to actually to receive the blessings which He purchased for them, and are created again in Christ Jesus by His almighty power. Cunningham makes an objective analysis of all sides of the coin with respect to different views and gives a position from the scriptures. On regeneration he says: The free-will of fallen men, even in reference to spiritual good accompanying salvation, is only weakened or enfeebled, but not lost or extinguished, --the position that mans freewill co-operates with divine grace in the process of regeneration, and this in a sense which the Reformers and Orthodox Protestant Churches have regarded as inconsistent with scriptural views of mans natural capacities and of the gospel method of salvation (614).. The passivity which the Reformers ascribed to man in the process of regeneration, implied chiefly two things, - -(1) that Gods grace must begin
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the work without any aid or co-operationthere being nothing in man, in his natural state, since he has no ability of will to anything spiritually good, from which aid or co-operation can proceed; (2) that Gods grace must by itself effect some change on man, before man himself can do anything, or exercise any activity in the matter, by willing or doing anything spiritually good(617). [Man] is altogether passive, until being quickened and renewed by the Holy Spirit, he is thereby enabled to answer this call, and to embrace the grace offered and conveyed in it279 As can be seen, this master historian had a deep grasp of theological matters and could easily swing either way but bring out truth. 14. John Leadley Dagg (17941884): A very robust American Christian that overcame many seemingly insurmountable challenges in his life and yet ended up a successful deep theologian, scholar and Baptist Pastor. Despite having a limited education, health challenges (e.g. near blindness) and physical disability, Dagg would work his way to produce the first Systematic Theology from a Baptist in the Americas as well as other outstanding works which include his Manual of Theology (1857). We do not have much bio data about this Calvinistic giant except to quote some of his writings as relates to regeneration: In our natural state we are totally depraved. No inclination to holiness exists in the carnal heart; and no holy act can be performed, or service to God rendered, until the heart is changed. This change, it is the office of the Holy Spirit to effect. Pardon, justification, and adoption, are changes in a man's condition; but if no other change were wrought, the man would remain a slave to sin, and unfit for the service and enjoyment of God. Grace, therefore, does not stop with a mere change of condition, but it effects also that change in the character, without which the individual could not participate in the holy enjoyments of heaven, or be fitted for the society of the blessed. Various forms of expression are employed in the Scriptures, to denote the change of heart; and they signify it with various shades of meaning. It is taking away the heart of stone, and giving a heart of flesh;[122] giving a new heart;[123] putting the law in the heart;[124] quickening or making alive;[125] a resurrection from the dead; an illumination;[126] a conversion, or turning back to God.[127] So great is the change produced, that the subject of it is called a new creature,[128] as if proceeding, like Adam, directly from the creating hand of God; and he is said to be renewed,[129] as being restored to the image of God, in which man was originally formed. With reference to the mode in which the descendants of Adam come into the world, the change is denominated regeneration;[130] and the subjects of it are said to be born again.[131] The change is moral. The body is unchanged; and the identity of the mind is not destroyed. The individual is conscious of being the same
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Source: www.aplacefortruth.org/Cunningham.Historical.Theology, accessed on 02/09/2010. A word document with excerpts from his writings is downloadable.

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person that he was before; but a new direction is given to the active powers of the mind, and new affections are brought into exercise. The love of God is shed abroad in the heart by the Holy Ghost.[132] No love to God had previously existed there; for the carnal heart is enmity against God. Love is the fulfilling of the law, the principle of all holy obedience; and when love is produced in the heart, the law of God is written there. As a new principle of action, inciting to a new mode of life, it renders the man a new creature. The production of love in the heart by the Holy Spirit, is the regeneration, or the new birth; for "he that loveth, is born of God."[133]The mode in which the Holy Spirit effects this change, is beyond our investigation. All God's ways are unsearchable; and we might as well attempt to explain how he created the world, as how he new-creates the soul. With reference to this subject, the Saviour said, "The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, or whither it goeth; so is every one that is born of the Spirit."[134] We know, from the Holy Scriptures, that God employs his truth in the regeneration of the soul. "Of his own will begat he us with the word of truth." The term regeneration is sometimes used in a comprehensive sense, as including the whole formation of the Christian character. At other times it is used for the first production of divine love in the heart. In the latter sense, the work is instantaneous. There is a moment known only to God, when the first holy affection exists in the soul. Truth may enter gradually, and may excite strong affections in the mind, and may for a time increase the hatred of God which naturally reigns in the heart. So Paul says, "Sin, taking occasion by the commandment, wrought in me all manner of concupiscence."[139] But, in his own time and manner, God, the Holy Spirit, makes the word effectual in producing a new affection in the soul: and, when the first movement of love to God exists, the first throb of spiritual life commences. Faith is necessary to the Christian character; and must therefore precede regeneration, when this is understood in its widest sense. Even in the restricted sense, in which it denotes the beginning of the spiritual life, faith, in the sense in which James[140] uses the term, may precede. But a faith which exists before the beginning of spiritual life, cannot be a living faith. Yet some have maintained that faith produces love. This opinion is of sufficient importance to demand a careful consideration. An inspired writer has said, "We love him, because he first loved us:"[142] but these words do not teach, that our love to God originates in the conviction that we are the favorites of his love. The love of God towards us, operates both as an efficient, and as a motive. 1. As an efficient cause. "For his great love where with he loved us,[143] when we were dead in sin, hath quickened us together with Christ." Here is an operation entirely distinct from that of mere motive. The dead body of Christ in the grave, was quickened by the Spirit; and a like power quickens the dead soul. "We believe according to the working
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of his mighty power, which he wrought in Christ, when he raised him from the dead."[144] Here faith itself is ascribed to this divine operation. All this operation proceeds from God's great love wherewith he hath loved us. It is plain, therefore, that this love operates as an efficient cause, before it operates as a motive to holiness. It cannot operate as a motive without faith; and faith is produced by its efficient power. After this efficiency has quickened the dead soul, the love of God towards us then operates. 2. As a motive. The goodness of God leads to repentance, and every attribute and act of God has a tendency to call forth the love of the heart, when in the right state. Nothing so effectually melts the heart, as a view of God's great love towards us, while we were yet sinners: and of Christ's love in giving himself for us: but many a heart has felt this melting influence, without having in view the personal benefit to be received from this love. Our love to God does not produce a disregard to our own happiness, but it rises above the consideration of it. It is, therefore, not a modification of self-love280 Clearly we can see that Dagg held a monergistic position though he places faith before regeneration, in a qualified sense as he attempts to explain matters. A careful reading of his work will however reveal that his theology was Reformed in every sense. 15. James P Boyce (1827-1888): James Boyce was born of wealthy stock in Charles Town, 1827. He went to the best schools available in his day where he would come under the influence of some of the finest thinkers of the day such as Charles Hodge. Having been converted under the preaching of Richard Fuller, Boyce later became an influential theologian in his day. He has written many works, one of which is his Systematic Theology from which we quote at length: "Without regeneration, the sinfulness of man keeps him away from God, causes him to set his affections upon self and his own pleasure, and to find gratification in things which are opposed to God and holiness. The regenerated heart has new affections and desires and is, therefore, fitted to seek after God and holiness." 281 He further says the following: III. The Scripture teaching is that God operates immediately upon the heart to produce the required change, by which it is fitted to receive the truth, and mediately through the word in its reception of that truth. 1. He operates immediately upon the heart to prepare the way for the truth. This is evident (1.) From the description given of man's spiritual condition. (a) As spiritually dead. Eph. 2:1. (b) As blind. Eph. 4:18.
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Refer to online copy of the book on the following site: http://www.founders.org/library/dagg_vol1/bk7c3.html#sec4 , accessed on 10/08/2010 281 Boyce's Abstract of Systematic Theology--Chapter 32

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(c) As slaves to sin. John 8:34; Rom. 6:17, 19. (d) As needing deliverance from the powers of darkness. Col. 1:13. (e) As incapable of knowing or discerning the things of the Spirit. 1 Cor. 2:14; Eph. 4:18. (f) As incapable of changing himself. Jer. 13:23. (g) As defiled in conscience. Tit. 1:15. These passages show man in a condition from which he must be rescued even to understand and appreciate the truth of God. (2.) The Scripture attributes the birth to the will of God exclusively, thus showing that in some aspect it is not to be regarded as due to the reception of the truth. John 1:13. [For sections (3), (4), (5) and (6), see Hodge's Outlines, p. 451.] (3.) The influence of the Spirit is distinguished from that of the word. John 6:45, 64, 65; 1 Cor. 2:12-15; 1 Thess. 1:5, 6. (4.) A divine influence is declared to be necessary for the reception of the truth. Ps. 119:18; Acts 16:14; Eph. 1:17-20. (5.) Such an internal operation on the heart is attributed to God. Matt. 11:25; Luke 10:21; Phil. 2:13; 2 Thess. 1:11; Heb. 13:21. (6.) The nature of this influence is evidently different from that effected by the truth. Eph. 1:19; 3:7; 2 Tim. 2:25. (7.) This influence is spoken of as a preparation of the heart for the truth; which, therefore, must be distinct from the truth or its reception. Luke 8:8, 15; Acts 16:14. This preparation of the heart comes from God. 1 Chron. 29:18, 19; Ps. 119:18; Prov. 16:1; Acts 16:14; Rom. 9:23. 2. The Spirit acts mediately through the word. (1.) He inspired that word and sends it forth for the accomplishment of the ends designed. John 14:16; 2 Tim. 3:16. (2.) He aids the ministry and others in making it known. 1 Cor. 4:7; 2 Thess. 3:1. To the extent that these are his agents he uses the word. (3.) The instrument thus used is in itself effective as truth. Heb. 4:12. Therefore, Christians are commanded in their spiritual warfare to take the word of God as the sword of the Spirit. Eph. 6:17. It is, however, made especially so to the heart prepared for it by his illuminating influences, which reveal its beauties and its suitableness, and by the aid of the memory which recalls, and the conscience which applies, and the affections which lay hold upon it. 2 Tim. 3:15, 16, 17. (4.) Christians are, therefore, said to be "brought forth, (James 1:18), by the word of truth," because that is the seed sown in the prepared ground through which they are led by repentance and faith to union with Christ and sonship of God. (5.) Since this use of the Scriptures is due to their own fitness to present motives to action, the Spirit of God is not limited to this word alone but uses such other truth, and such events of life as may be effective towards the contemplated end. Thus any events in God's providence, as afflictions, or dangers, or personal sins, or the conversion of others, or aught else that may lead to seeking God, are used as a means of awakening, or of giving deeper conviction, or of enforcing the Scripture truths which lead to conversion. (6.) This is especially true of the ordinances of Baptism and the Lord's Supper duly set forth before mankind. So far as these ordinances are fitted to convey truth, or to impress
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duty, they are instrumental in regeneration. (7.) But neither of them regenerates or confers regeneration. (a) This is not done by the Lord's Supper. It has been argued from John 6:51-58, where Christ promises eternal life to those who shall eat his flesh and drink his blood, and denies it to all who shall not. The language used refers to spiritual participation in his salvation. It is similar to the promise to the woman at Sychar that "Whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall become in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life." John 4:14. It is argued that Christ must have meant partaking of his real body, because he did not correct the Jews who, because they so understood him, rejected him. But, John 8:51-53, he did not correct a similar mistake which led to a similar result when he said in verse 51, "If a man keep my word he shall never see death." (b) Even more distinctly is this true of Baptism. Spiritual effects are spoken of in connection with this ordinance. Thus we have "the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Ghost." Titus 3:5. We have Paul exhorted by Ananias, Acts 22:16, "arise and be baptized and wash away thy sins," and the language of Christ, John 3:5, "Except a man be born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God." The first of these has reference to the cleansing influence of regeneration by the Spirit in like manner as his renewing, which is spoken of in the immediate context and has no reference to baptism. That the last refers to baptism is at least doubtful; but admitting that it does, which is doubtless true of the second, we have here outward baptism, only as symbolizing an inward change and not producing it. The following reasons plainly show that neither of these ordinances has regenerating power.282 From the foregoing quotation and from other sections of his monumental Systematic theology, it is abundantly clear that Boyce was Reformed in every sense. He held monergistic regeneration. 16. Robert Lewis Dabney (March 5, 1820 January 3, 1898): Another great mind of the nineteenth century. A theological giant in his own right and graced the Union Theological Seminary in Virginia. His lectures were compiled into a Systematic Theology that is extremely rich in content and depth of thought. It is both unique and striking how the professor weaved his thoughts together, teased out truth and spotted deviations in such a lively and interesting way. But he did much more. Dabney meticulously examined and commented on the current thinking relating to a given subject of his day, weighed it against the touch stone of scripture and gave his seasoned and well hammered out opinion on difficult points. Dabney was not afraid to question or commend great minds like Charles Hodge on certain doctrinal points in his day. Robert has this to say about regeneration in his voluminous systematic theology283: The Scriptures always speak of the Holy Spirit as the efficacious Agent of effectual calling."Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit," John 3:5. "It is
282 283

Systematic Theology pp 304-306 Chapter 22: Agent and instrument of regeneration

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the Spirit that quickeneth," 6:63. See, also, 2 Cor. 3:17; Eph. 4:30. But this proposition will be supported by the whole subsequent argument. It is also very important that we assert, against Mystics and Fanatics, the counterpart truth, that His customary instrument (in all cases except the redemption of infants and idiots) is the Word. If we allow any other standard or instrumentality of regeneration than the Word, there will be no barrier to the confounding of every crude impulse of nature and Satan, with those of the Holy Spirit. The work of grace is the work of the divine Spirit. The Word is also His, and He always works His works in accordance with, and through His word, because He is a wise and unchangeable Agent. Such is the uniform teaching of Scripture, confirmed by experience. Christians are "born again, not of the corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth forever," 1 Pet. 1:23. The Holy Spirit renovates the mental vision; the word of God alone furnishes the luminous medium through which the renovated vision sees. Here is the only safe middle ground between Rationalism on the one hand, and Fanaticism on the other. To give up the first truth is to surrender the whole doctrines of grace. To forsake the second is to open the floodgates to every wild delusion. Clearly, we can see his magnanimous fertile meticulous mind which he rightly applied the study of scripture as well as its defence. His position on regeneration is modernistic seeking to be very thorough and as close to scripture as possible. 17. Louis Bekhorf (1873 1957): One of the greatest minds in theological circles of the 19th and 20th centuries. Berkhofs Systematic Theology has remained a foremost text in many Reformed Theological Seminaries and not a few personal libraries stock this book. His Summary of Christian Doctrine or the History of Christian doctrine further succinctly reduces the great doctrines most surely believed amongst us in capsule form. This theological giant tackles regeneration and calling on page 115 onwards of his Summary of Christian Doctrine and states thus: Divine calling and regeneration stand in the closest possible relation to each other. With respect to regeneration several points deserve consideration; Its nature: the word regeneration is not always used in the same sense. Our confession uses it in a broad sense, as including even conversion. At present it has a more restricted meaning. In the most restricted sense it denotes that act of God by which the principle of the new life is implanted in man, and the governing disposition of the soul is made holy. In a slightly more comprehensive sense it designates in addition to the preceding, the new birth or the first manifestation of the new life. It is a fundamental change in the principle of life governing disposition of the soul, and therefore affects the whole man, I Corinthians 2:14; 2 Corinthians 4:6; Philippians 2:13; I Peter 1:8. It is completed in a

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moment of time, and is not a gradual process like sanctification...284About its necessity, Bekhorf points to the ramifications of the fall as the primary reason for this crucial work. As to the order in which regeneration comes in relation to other modernistic and synergistic actions, Bekhorf masterfully says: The question is often raised which of the two is first, calling or regeneration. In answer to this it may be said that in the case of adults external calling usually precedes or coincides with regeneration in the restricted sense. Regeneration, as the implanting of the new life, precedes internal calling, and internal calling precedes regeneration in the broader sense, or the new birth. We find the greater part of this order indicated in the record of Lydia, Acts 16:14....285Louis goes on further to quote Jeremiah 13:23 about the Ethiopian changing his skin or leopard changing spots as a way to reinforce this radical transformation as well as prove human inability to regenerate themselves. 18. Herman Bavinck (1854-1921): A Dutch Reformed theologian that wrote a famous Systematic Theology text having for many years taught the Reformed faith. Born in Hoogeveen, Netherlands, Bavinck pursued theological studies at both Kampen and Leiden where he wrote a dissertation on Ulrich Zwingli. He was later appointed Professor of Dogmatics at the Kampen Theological Seminary. After many years of distinguished service, this great Calvinist was persuaded to take on a position at the newly founded Free University in Amsterdam where he eventually succeeded Abraham Kuyper as Professor of Theology. Herman is well known for various works but all well written and deeply thought out. His theology on regeneration is modernistic. 19. Abraham Kuyper (Maassluis, 29 October 1837 Den Haag, 8 November 1920): Abraham Kuypers image is still a big one to this day in that he was such a profoundly deep thinking theologian leaving an indelible mark on both his day and generations to come. Abraham was a combination of theologian, politician, statesman, writer, journalist and thinker, all in one! He was a man of many parts, as the good old Puritans used to say. Furthermore, he helped found a University, denomination as well as influence the political thinking of the times. For Instance, the Dordt College286 in the USA stands on Kuypers Calvinistic slant as does a number of South African Dutch Reformed churches. But who was Kuyper and where did he hail from? What made him so famous? Abraham Kuyper (Kujiper) was born in Maassluis, Netherlands and partly home schooled as well as at the Gymnasium of Leiden. He would later study literature, philosophy and theology at the Leiden University up to
284 285

Summary of Christian Doctrine pp 116,117 Ibid pp118 286 Refer to the various issues of the Pro Rege journal that highlights many aspects related from Kuypers perspective.

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about 1858. He received his doctorate in 1862 after writing a dissertation relating to differences in rules of Church between John Calvin and John Laski. After this, he took part in many activities, ecclesiastical, political and otherwise ending up as Prime Minister of the Netherlands between 1901and1905. He continued to develop his thoughts and is said to have contributed to the doctrine of common grace as well as sphere sovereignty. Tired and exhausted but yet full of a desire to toil on, Abraham died in 1920. 20. George Smeaton (1814-1889): A great Scottish Theologian well known for his work on the doctrine of the Holy Spirit. Highly regarded a long side William Cunningham, Smeaton focused his research on the work of the Holy Spirit because he felt it was an area highly neglected or assumed not needing any clear definition. In his day, his work is a standard ground breaking survey and has gone through several editions from which we gleaned a lot of truths in relation to the Spirits work. The beauty is that George does an extensive survey of the work of the Holy Spirit right from before creation to the end of Revelation 22 with remarkable insight into Gods word. Like a skilled surgeon, he identifies and brings pathogens to the fore, slays them on the operation table and then clears the wound so that it is no longer septic. Ordained to the Ministry of the Church of Scotland in 1839, George worked tirelessly dying on 14th April 1889 and reputed one of the brilliant galaxy of men on the staff Edinburghs New college. His other works in addition to the one earlier alluded to demonstrate his clear modernistic thinking in relation to regeneration. From page 175 of his book, Smeaton says the following: The Spirits work in the application of the redemption purchased by Christ to the individual will next engage our attention.the efficacious operation of the Spirit presupposes Gods sovereign love to individuals, or a personal election. Considered from the true point, the electing purpose of God implies that the Spirits saving efficacy has a special destination, and it will reach its proper objects. They who interpret the divine word by the primary axiom that all men must share alike, and who impugn the absolute right of God to bestow salvation as men bestow alms on whom He will by a purely free donation, forget, in their anxiety to be friendly footing with the spirit of the age, that the advantage which their theory seems to gain by enlarging the extent of Gods love is more than counterbalanced at another point-by lack of efficiency.into the discussion of the relation of free-will and divine grace we are not required, by the topic which we are treating, to enter in all its bearings. As it is often handled, it is frequently more a metaphysical debate on the laws of the mind than a question in exegetical or Biblical Theology. On the subject of free-will and the Spirits agency, the following remarks suffice: Mans free agency is postulated by everyone who apprehends the subject with any measure of precision, as a point which may be described as necessary to his personality and
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responsibility as a rational creature. But along with the admission of spontaneity and freedom, we must not less stringly hold that man in his natural state, under the forfeiture of the Spirit, uniformly chooses the evil in preference to the good.Regeneration is wholly supernatural, not less so than creation or Resurrection, which are described as incommunicable acts of the same Spirit by whom we are renewed. It is not effected by moral suasion on the one hand, nor by natural man on the other, making so good a use of the light of nature as to win or procure the greater grace of this renovation. For all the subsequent movements are still effected by the same Spirit who works in us both to will and to do (Philippians 2:13). As to the concomitants of regeneration, the reigning power of sin ceases in the regenerate, and their seed that remaineth in them becomes fruitful of results, which evince a constant increase till the renewed man reaches the full development to which he is destined. As to the effects of regeneration, they are known by such terms as the new creature (2 Corinthians 5:17); the new man (Ephesians 4:24); the divine nature ( 2 Peter 1:4); as wisdom in the understanding, holiness in the will; as faith, love, and hope, and all those fruits of the Spirit which are expressly enumerated by the apostle (Galatians 5:22)the essential feature of Christianity, according to our Lords own delineation, is the new birth; and so indispensible is it, that without the new nature there can be no evangelical health or progress, nor any interest in Christ and in the blessings of His purchasewith regard to the first, the doctrine of original sin, it is obvious that a theory which asserts a synergism, and by this means qualifies the sole operation of the Holy Spirit, does not presuppose a human nature which is subjected to such a moral change as is seen in the issue of the fall287 Beyond any doubt therefore, we re-echo our earlier sentiments, Smeaton was modernistic rather than synergistic with respect to regeneration. 21. James Buchanan (1804-1870): A very serious and detailed Scottish theologian whose work on the doctrine of Justification (1866) is unrivalled. He is both deep and thorough in his treatment of this grand doctrine of Justification as evidenced by the voluminous work. Buchanan surveys the doctrine from the scriptures right through the Reformation to his day and in the process counters or refutes wrong teachings in his day and before. James has also done a detailed work on the Office and work of the Holy Spirit (1842), an equally monumental work. As we all know, regeneration and Justification are inseparable doctrines which he clearly relates in the book. What he does is to collate the teachings of various historical authorities on the subject as well as to redefine/reassert the doctrine to the contemporary readership. This doctrine has been under attack for some time and his monumental work is therefore definitely
287

Refer to The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit Pp198-220

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handy even today. But James was more than just a theologian, he had an LLD tied to his name and a fervent powerful preacher who probably pushed his weight behind theological training of other Christians and by that token held different portfolios in his life time. Born in Paisley, Buchanan grew and was educated in Scotland where he studied Theology under the famed Thomas Chalmers and later took on a 12 year Pastorate at North Leigh. Although mostly frail in health a greater part of his life, he had a successful ministry, read widely and wrote several popular books. James succeeded the great Chalmers as professor of Systematic Theology at New College, Edinburgh in 1847 after holding the Apologetics fort for some time. He died in 1870, a decade after the 1859 revival commencement. His was a tireless effective preaching and teaching ministry. Reading through his works, one cannot fail to pick his distinctive Calvinistic theology which is clearly modernistic. 22. Karl Barth (1886-1968): A noted Swiss theological thinker of the twentieth century. His rise to fame came partly as a reaction to dead orthodoxy that reigned as a result of the rise of liberal theology which effectively killed vital Christianity. In a bid to address this concern as well as to appear relevant to the times, he developed a neoorthodox theological perspectives (i.e. dialectical theology) as relates to the Holy scriptures. He held and taught that scripture was Gods word no doubt but it only became inspired when it jumped out of the written page and effected a response or an impression on some ones mind. In effect, he actually was claiming that the scriptures were not 100% inspired if they did not produce an effect. His teaching carried some currency for some time but upon deep reflection proved to counter the traditional orthodox perspectives as well as the verbal/plenar inspiration of the word of God. E J Young288 and other champions reacted to Karls teaching. That said, Barth was not entirely or grossly in error on all other points besides this inspiration defect. But who is this Karl Barth and why did he come to prominence? What did he hold about the regeneration? Born (Basel, Switzerland), raised and trained in Europe, Karl briefly pastored later becoming Professor of Theology in both Germany (19211935) and Switzer land (1935-62). He vehemently rejected the liberal theological ideas in his day in preference for the Reformed theology though with some modifications. He has been dubbed the Thomas Aquinas of modern times by some because of his meticulous thinking mind ready to differ with who ever, as long as he judged them to have veered from the word of God. Barth is famed for his monumental 13 volume work, Church Dogmatics in which he fully expresses his views on various subjects. Despite his several theological detours, Barth was Calvinistic in his theology and thus held a form of modernistic position on
288

Thy Word is Truth, The Banner of truth Trust, 1963

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regeneration. In his philosophical style, Barth says the following in one context: In the resurrection the new world of the Holy Spirit touches the old world of the flesh, but touches it as a tangent touches a circle, that is, without touching it.289 Despite his huge contribution to theological thinking, Barths inconsistencies in private life290 as well as some of his controversial theological positions on some points, he is heavily criticised even today in conservative theological circles. 23. Cornelius Van Til (1895-1987): A gigantic aggressive Calvinistic apologetics theologian. He is famed for his uncompromising stance on the defence of truth and basing all his presuppositional (as opposed to evidential) arguments on the scriptures. Originally a Dutch national, his parents immigrated to Highland Indiana, USA in 1905 where he did both his early studies before proceeding to Calvin Theological Seminary. He would later earn his Masters (1925) and Doctorate (1927) degrees at the Princeton University where he taught for some time (1928-29) before relocating to the Westminster Theological Seminary. He remained there for over 40 years contending for the scriptures as the epistemological source of all God honouring apologetics. Although he is better known as a tough controversial presuppositionalist, Cornelius was Calvinistic in all his theology, and thus modernistic in his position on regeneration. So much then for the 19th century and its numerous champions. We have many other authorities we could have summoned to come to our aid but limited ourselves to these few. As Spurgeon once said, as one traverses through history, we encounter Reformer after Reformer standing to meet us and shake our hands. Names such as Philip P Bliss, Asahel Nettleton, J. Gresham Machen, CR Vaughan and William Carey among many giants come to mind as we think upon this subject but we leave it to the researcher to delve into the details and prove for themselves that this is verily the truth of God. Its high time we shifted to the next century and unravel the hidden truths therein. The 20th Century The 20th century arrived in a sense with some momentum from the previous eventful century. CH Spurgeon had just died (1892), the great missionary enterprise had sent many potent emissaries right across the world and Charles Darwins theories were fast spreading their ugly tentacles across the globe with speed and in a sense finality. The
289 Church Dogmatics, pp 30. Barth was a neo-orthodox theologian, not entirely way off the Orthodox position though with some tangible modifications to his theology, especially as relates to inspiration. This is a big point of contention even today. For this point alone, serious Reformers do not consider Barth a Reformed Theologian like them. 290 Although strictly speaking, the saint does not have a private life because their lives are forever in view and under stricter surveillance from the world.

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century also had some budding theological giants springing from the previous 19th. Names such as BB Warfield, D Martyn Lloyd-Jones, Cornelius Van Til, Andrew Stenhouse among many would cross over into the next century to champion the cause of Biblical Christianity. In a sense the century arrived on a trying note because secular academic scholars were progressively commanding more respect than preachers in everyday life. Thus, this newly established century was poised to be both promising and the down fall of the Church as atheism ascended to the throne. Economic advancement and prosperity appeared to be the main agenda on many minds rather than the spread of the Gospel. The Church was infested, yea, plagued with liberal theologians emanating from Germany and other places spreading all over in effect weakening or emptying the gospel of its power. Human ingenuity was the order of the day. Einsteins relativity concepts did not make things any better as this relativity idea, albeit wrongly understood by some, spread all over the world. Though the theory probably made perfect sense to the scientist, it definitely opened a Pandora box which no one has succeeded or attempted to close. For instance, the scriptures were supplanted by mens ideas, dogmas hurled out and unprecedented changes introduced in the church in the bid to remain relevant and up to date with the times. It was in this same century that we saw a vivification in Puritanism and their theology, which in many senses had been neglected for nearly three hundred years. As we enter this century therefore bear in mind that God still had a remnant despite a serious proliferation of the Liberal theologians. The great Martyn Lloyd-Jones, the Welsh preacher is our first bet and then we proceed to consider others equally prolific and powerful in their preaching, though probably lesser in global influence. 1. Martyn D Lloyd-Jones (1899-1981): Reputed one of the greatest consecutive Bible verse expositors of all time, probably only equalled or rivalled by Albert Martin in the 20th Century. The Doctor as he was fondly called has massive monumental works tied to his name as enshrined in the numerous preaching sessions as well as his richly recorded or documented sermons such as the Romans and Ephesians series. Except for a few points of doctrinal blots291, the Doctor stands in his own class. His collected works have been printed and others rearranged or bound into devotional materials, most profitable to the soul. It may be truly said about him, that though he be dead, yet he speaketh. One such profitable source are his devotional notes compiled in a day to day volume where he systematically comments on various subjects including regeneration. He says the following on January 15 in relation to regeneration: what is regeneration? It is the implanting of a principle of new spiritual life and a radical change in the governing disposition of the soul. The important thing to grasp is the
291

Or skirmishes

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whole idea of disposition. In addition to the faculties of our souls, there is something at the back of them that governs them all, and that is what we refer to as our disposition... He would say the following on the January 16th devotion on A seed of life: The change in my disposition does not mean that I have a greater intellect now than I had before. No, I have exactly the same intellect, the same mind. But because the disposition governing it has changed, my mind is operating in a different realm and in a different way, and it seems to be a new mind. And it is exactly the same with the feelings. A man who used to hate the gospel now loves it. A woman who hated the lord Jesus Christ now loves Him...the next thing we say is that this change is instantaneous... On 17th January, Lloyd-Jones comments on the New Birth as follows If you are regenerate, you will remain regenerate. It seems to me that this is absolutely inevitable because regeneration is the work of God. Yet there are those who seem to think that people can be born again as a result of believing the truth, and then if they backslide or fall into sin or deny the truth, they lose their regeneration, but if they come back again and believe again, then they are regenerate again...regenerate people cannot go on sinning because they are born of God (I John 3:9)... Martyn Lloyd Jones was pre-eminently a preacher of a very evangelistic sort and endeavoured to lay bare, the historic doctrines of the Christian faith. In his ground breaking Ministry at Sandfields, even his own wife became converted after having lived a life of mere religion. She recounts in a 1983 book as follows: In those years at Aberavon, I rejoiced to see men and women converted-drunkards, evil-liversall manner of types and backgrounds and all different ages! I rejoiced to see them and I envied them and sometimes wished, when I saw their radiant faces and changed lives, that I had been a drunkard or worse so I could be converted. I never imagined that I needed to be converted, having always been a Christian or that I could get any more than I had already! In those first two years, God graciously used Martyns morning sermons to open my eyes and to show me myself and my needs. I came to know my sins forgiven and the peace of God in my heart....292Lloyd-Jones had a very effective, fruitful and profound ministry starting off in rural south Wales and ending up at the Westminster Chapel, London, as Pastor, though initially assisted Dr Campbell Morgan until 1943 when the latter retired. Martyn insisted on a converted ministry and once remarked that believers should never place themselves under the teaching of unregenerate tutors293. He held strong Calvinistic Biblical tenets to the end of his days on March 1, 1981 at the grisly hands of a returning cancer from 1968.

292
293

Memories of Sandfields pp 10-11 Refer to Reformation Today # 211 (May-June 2006) pp 11

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2. Albert Martin (1939-): A great and faithful pastor of the Trinity Baptist Church Montville, New Jersey for 46 years. The man exerted himself at the said church in preaching the gospel from age 28 in 1967 until 2008 when he stepped down as Pastor-Teacher. A very powerful exegete and unequalled expository powers, Albert has stood distinct and clear in his theology. He was as clearly a modernistic earnest preacher and once stated that God is in the business of making new creatures not patch work!294 Very few preachers have remained unwavering and humble over the years as they have become more popular and on international demand. For instance, Martin has a doctorate in theology conferred upon him way back in 1976 and yet Albert preferred simply to be addressed as Pastor rather than Dr Martin or Senior Pastor etc, which men crave after in these degenerate days. Many of us would be most elated to be thus elevated by titles, but not this man! Albert Martin escaped the trappings of power probably because he knew why he was in the ministry, to preach Christ and Him crucified! Perhaps before we transition, it is fitting to quote from his treatise on what a biblical Christian is. Martin says the following in describing a regenerate soul: True faith works by love, and that which love works is not the ability to sit out on a beautiful starlit night and write poetry about how exciting it is to be a Christian. True faith works by causing you to go back into your home and to obey your father and your mother, or to love your husband or wife and children as the Bible tells you to do, or go back to your school or to your job to take a stand for truth and righteousness against all the pressure of your peers. True faith makes you willing to be counted as a fool and crazy-willing to be considered outdated-because you believe that there are eternal, unchangeable moral and ethical standards. You are willing to believe in chastity and the sanctity of human life and take your stand against premarital sex and the murdering of babies in mothers wombs295 3. Arthur Walkington Pink (1886-1952): A W Pink has been a progressively rising English296 personality over the years and interestingly, his star has radiated much more brightly posthumously. His voluminous works speak for themselves as to how solid the man was doctrinally and other wise. Although largely unknown to the greater Reformed world while Pink lived in some reclusive obscurity and would we say, splendid isolation, his writings radiate with warmth and are thought provoking in many senses. His best known mind blasting book The Sovereignty of God, initially written as a series of articles in his monthly periodical Studies in the scriptures has had a transforming effect on myriads of saints. But who is Arthur W Pink and what
294 295

Quoted from his farewell sermon, 2008 Excerpt from: what is a Biblical Christian? published with permission by the Evergreen bookstore, page 8 296 Born in Nottingham, England

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do we know about him? Little is relatively known about him except from his correspondence and to some extent, his writings (although it appears Pink found it almost sinful to talk about oneself). We also know that he was a Briton (born in Nottingham) who briefly studied at Moody Bible institute, USA and held several Pastorates in different places including as far afield as Australia before finally settling on the isle of Lewis, Scotland with his wife to dedicate themselves to writing. It would appear that whichever church he either pastored or attended did not satisfy him, he elected to retire into a private but exceedingly busy life of letter, and book writing. There was no end to his correspondence and issuing out of the magazine from about 1922 until he died (1952). Like Calvin before him, Pink is buried in an unmarked grave in Stornoway, Scotland. Walkington was very careful who he interacted with and time was of the essence to him. That said, he appears to have been an extremely godly man whose chief occupation was to glorify the Lord. Someone once remarked and rightly so, that Arthur lived 300 years outside his generation, for he was a Puritan! Arthur W Pink is very clear in his theology and ascribes absolute sovereignty to the ancient of Days, unlike what many people hold today, even in the area of Salvation. 4. Peter Masters (): Peter Masters assumed pastorate of the world acclaimed Metropolitan Tabernacle in London where he has diligently laboured since 1970. The Tabernacle made famous by CH Spurgeon in the nineteenth century, the church went through different upheavals which eventually affected the Churchs effectiveness until this theological giant came around, revived Spurgeons methods of ministry as well as added many other Biblically based evangelistic methods. One avenue is the strengthening of the aggressive evangelistic thrust, making the church decidedly multi racial, connecting with people where they are as well as being innovatively in touch with students as well as tourists. An example of this aggressive approach is to have huge banners, sign posts or advertisements in the underground train or subways strategically positioned so that people would see these attractive communication materials. In a day when few churches attract far fewer than a hundred people, the Tabernacle still boasts of a weekly attendance of over a thousand, and that in London! To sum up Masters views on regeneration, we quote one of his works from his book The Faith: Great Christian Truths In which he devotes a chapter to regeneration. Although he, like Dr Ngwenya does not distinctly differentiate between conversion and regeneration, Masters successfully bring to golden pearl to the fore: The term born again Christina has been massively devalued in recent years, having been freely misapplied by the media. Stripped of its meaning, this description is also claimed by a variety of well-known worldly personalities, many of whom admit they hardly ever attend church. Being born again is also a favourite term with happyBiblical regeneration 185 B Sichone Page

clappy style Christians, many of whom lack any depth of commitment to Christianity. Yet it is a vital concept which should never have been cheapened, for it was introduced by Christ with the weighty words, verily, verily (the double amen). Today we would say, I most solemnly assure youDogmatic statements are not acceptable in todays culture, but everyone realises that sometimes they are necessary. Who would want a surgeon who watered down the urgency of essential surgery and made it sound no more necessary than self-treatment with dandelion tea? If we want to be told the truth about physical matters, how much more should we want plain language where Heaven or Hell are involved? Christ said, in effect, there is only one way to spiritual life and Heaven, and that is by a new birth, or as some original Greek says, a birth from above. This birth analogy provides some startling insights into the nature of Christian conversion. For example, a baby does not bring about his own birth using his brains and so making his way into the world. Birth is a process outside his power, and spiritual new birth exactly parallels this. An unbeliever is brought to see his need of Christs pardon and renewing grace. He sincerely believes in Christ, repents of his sin and prays for spiritual life, soon becoming aware that he has been altogether changed and brought into communion with the Lord. The great change is not wrought by the new believer, but by Goddespite the similarities between child birth and spiritual birth, there is a marked difference in the way they are achieved, this difference being described by the Lord in these words:- the wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth; so is every one that is born of the Spirit. While child birth is a highly visible event involving a midwife and perhaps other helpers, spiritual birth is an inner secret work of the Holy Spirit. It is not imparted by any rite or ceremony by a church, but by the marvellous power of God. However, like the power of an invisible gale, the effects of the Spirits work are very apparent. To add to the kind of changes already mentioned, by conversion the pliable person becomes strong, the coarse and immoral person becomes refined, and the nave person becomes discerning, the fearful one becomes courageous, and the sullen individual becomes happy and content. Every convert receives a new mind, a new way of thinking, new attitudes and tastes. The Christian Church has always seen magnificent examples of transformation in people who came to Christ, changes that could not be accomplished any other way than by new birth by the power of the Holy Spirit. When people are converted, their relations and work colleagues or fellow students are usually surprised at the differences in them.297 We can see that Dr Masters is a master at this subject of regeneration as evidenced by his most skilful treatment of this grand subject. Very careful with his choice of words but still holding on to the historic position of
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Refer to: The Faith: Great Christian Truths, pp73-82

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regeneration as spelt out in the word of God. This subject definitely needs to thunder afresh in our day! 5. John Murray (1898-1975): A very influential Scottish Theologian in his day. Born raised in the UK (Bonar Bridge, Sutherland) but studied Theology in the USA (Princeton Seminary) where he taught for many years besides Westminster Theological Seminary (1930-66). He finally returned to his native UK (about 1968) and continued to labour. The one eyed Professor never married until much later in life (1967), perhaps too consumed with theological works to consider marriage! In his classic volume, Redemption: Accomplished and applied, Murray brings to the fore the marrow and essence of redemption as relates to Christs sacrifice resulting in the application of His work of atonement. Murray holds that the application of redemption has an order which commences with effectual calling and wrapped up in eternity by glorification. In between these extreme ends, we have regeneration, conversion, Justification and other related steps. That is his ordo salutis in short. On regeneration however, he raises important questions which he answers later on in the said chapter. He says: We have found that the application of redemption begins with an effectual call by which God the Father ushers men into the fellowship of His Son....how can a person who is dead in trespasses and sins, whose mind is enmity against God, who cannot do that which is well-pleasing to God answer a call to the fellowship of Christ?...They that are in the flesh cannot please God (Romans 8:8)...God effects a change which is radical and all-pervasive, a change which cannot be explained in terms of any combination, permutation, or accumulation of human resources, a change which is nothing less than a new creation by him who calls the things that be not as though they were, who spake and it was done, who commanded and it stood fast. This word, is regeneration. There is no passage of scripture more relevant than the words of our Lord himself to Nicodemus. They are familiar words, but how frequently their most obvious meaning is ignored or distorted. The mode of regeneration is truly mysterious and this Jesus points in this passage when He says, the wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit (John 3:8)...The embrace of Christ in faith is the first evidence of regeneration and only thus may we know that we have been regenerated. The priority of regeneration might create the impression that a person could be regenerated and yet not converted. The passages in I John should correct any such misapprehension. We need to remember again that the leading emphasis in these passages is the invariable concomitance of regeneration and the other graces mentioned...Regeneration is at the basis of all change in heart and life. It is a stupendous change because it is Gods recreative act. A cheap and tawdry evangelism has tended to rob the gospel which it
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proclaims of that invincible power which is the glory of the gospel of sovereign grace. May the Church come to think and live again in terms of the gospel which is the power of God unto salvation.298 Further, the Professor has this to say about the definition and nature of regeneration: Regeneration is the beginning of all saving grace in us, and all saving grace in exercise on our part proceeds from the fountain of regeneration. We are not born again by faith or repentance or conversion: we repent and believe because we have been regenerated299. What could be clearer with respect to regeneration than those pithy deep and yet pregnant statements? 6. Watchman Nee (1903-1972): A very influential Chinese Christian Preacher and writer of the 20th century. Nee was born in China and got converted at age 17 immediately begun writing Christian books. He also was a very zealous preacher who went around the country setting up churches and preaching the gospel until he was arrested by the Communist regime in 1952. He would remain incarcerated for 20 years before dying in prison in 1972. The exact estimate of his work and influence is hard to measure but his best memorials are his works. Among the things Nee dealt with or alluded to in his writings/teaching was regeneration and we thus quote him as he writes about the ten virgins: The Lord therefore dwells in us by His Spirit. But oil in the vessel means more than the indwelling of the Holy Spirit; it speaks of being filled with the Holy Spirit. The indwelling Holy Spirit is received at the time of regeneration, but the filling of the Holy Spirit comes through continual seeking following the moment of regeneration. Each believer has the Holy Spirit, yet not all have the fullness of the Holy Spirit. A vessel is something other than the lamp. Yet this is not the emphasis here. Since oil is a liquid, it has to be contained in a vessel. God's will is for us to be filled to the full, not just having oil in the lamp. In order to realize this, neither trimming nor decorating the lamp will be a good way, for God looks for extra oil in the vessel. Yet the believer's attention is usually drawn to the outward appearance of the lamp. The less oil one has, the more assiduously he takes care of the appearance. Nevertheless, trimming can never be a substitute for the oil. We imagine that receiving oil once is enough, but God desires us to receive it twice. The second time is different from the first, in that at the first instance God gives freely whereas at the second instance He demands a price to be paid. If anyone refuses to pay the price - denying himself and seeking earnestly - he will not be given the oil again. So let us be alert. People may not be able to detect whether or not we have the oil twice over; and we may indeed get by without any trouble today, but on that future day we will be found out. Are we willing to pay the price? To be filled with the Holy Spirit is the condition for rapture. Just as a balloon filled with helium
298 299

Redemption: Accomplished and Applied, Banner of Truth Edition, pp 95-105 As quoted by Peter Jeffery in Christian hand book pp 153

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will ascend heavenward, so will those who are filled with the Holy Spirit be caught up. Let us therefore pay the price in providing oil in the vessel, or else we will be those like the foolish virgins.300 As we can see, Watchman was not exactly Reformed in theology but certainly recognised that the new birth is essential (and amazingly the distinctions between being filled with the Spirit and regeneration) to starting the new life. Despite no formal theological training, Nee proved that a person can be self trained in divine things as long as they wait upon the Lord and trust in Him as they delve into the scriptures. 7. Iain Hamish Murray (b. 1931; Lancashire, England): A prolific writer whose books have gone far beyond his personal reach. He is an author of numerous popular works that include biographical and doctrinal/historical papers. Iain has written on the Puritan Hope, Revival as well as authored famous biographies of Spurgeon, LloydJones, Jonathan Edwards and Pink among many others. But Murray is not only a writer he is a pastor (once served as Dr Martyn Lloyd-Jones assistant at Westminster Chapel), preacher and founding member of the Banner of Truth whose mission is to publish sound reformed literature. Murray certainly has exerted himself in right matters and clearly monegistic in his theology as relates to regeneration. 8. Ernest Reisinger (1920-31 May, 2004): Author of the world acclaimed Todays evangelism: Its methods and practices is a classic and does justice to the question of whether the Reformed faith supports evangelism or not. Ernest also takes time to examine todays evangelistic methods whether they are Biblical or not and then offers what he considers to be the right way to go. This is such a high profile reformed thinker today and scarcely needs any introduction. However, for future generation we offer a little bio data: Starting off as a business man (construction), Ernest attended a local church (in Pennsylvania) as a regular but relatively active member in one of the Presbyterian churches. When a new work was to be set up, Grace Chapel, Carlisle, Ernest moved over with his entire family and devoted himself to the work though sceptical of the newly rediscovered doctrines of grace. In the providence of God, he grasped these truths and increased in his evangelistic thrust. With time, the chapel turned into Grace Baptist Church where the doctrines of Gods sovereign grace were not only embraced but zealously practice. Ernests used many methods to interface with students and people round about him. His passing (of heart attack) therefore was sad but a life well lived nonetheless! He held modernistic regeneration and yet was extremely evangelistic.

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Refer to the following site: http://www.dimensionsoftruth.org/Watchman_Nee/watchman4.html , accessed on 10/08/2010

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9. John Piper (1946-): A world famous Reformed Baptist preacher and author in the 20th and 21st century, Piper currently serves as Pastor of the Bethlehem Baptist Church in Minnesota. John stands as one of the few distinctly Calvinistic brethren who have firmly with stood the tide of liberalism that has been blowing over the American Evangelical landscape. His effective and world famous on-line site Desiring God named after his famous book by the same title, has been used by God not only to minister spiritual needs but offer the much needed direction to countless saints including those plucked out of the hands and confusion of charismatic craze that characterises the world today. But who exactly is John Piper and what is his genealogy, if we may care to ask? Born in 1946 to Bill and Ruth Piper in Tennessee, educated in South Carolina for his high school before taking on theological studies at Wheaton College (1964-68) as well as other studies and from 1980 has served as Pastor at Bethlehem. Although not a cessessionist along side Wayne Grudem, Piper holds modernistic regeneration. 10. Geoffrey Thomas (1931-): A lucid and clear writer on many theological issues. He has written on numerous subjects including regeneration. His writings are simple to read and grasp though they run deep into the theological arteries. One just needs to look out for and read his writings and see his modernistic position on regeneration. 11. Paul Helm (): A prolific writer and Calvinistic theologian. Writer of a famous book Calvin and the Calvinists (1982), Paul helm has authored numerous other equally simple but deep theological books, including on Soteriology. Helm lectured at the University of Liverpool for many years, though now teaches at Regent College, Canada. His book The Beginnings is replete with modernistic view in relation to salvation. We quote the said book at length: According to scripture Christian conversion is the work of God. The strands of experience of conversion-conviction of sin, faith in Christ, and true repentance-are jointly the effect of the work of God the Holy Spirit working together with the word of God. It is a new life which He imparts in regeneration which leads to new beliefs, new desires, and new feelings. The Holy Spirit work is not restricted merely to proposing or suggesting certain matters, or to promoting or suggesting certain matters to the mind, or to prompting a person in a particular direction, but it extends to creation of a new principle or disposition which revives and redirects a persons deepest characteristics, so that what he once was indifferent to or despised he now is committed to and loves. That is why the New Testament with the Old presents regeneration in radical terms: as a new birth, a new creation, or a resurrection. It is a change which is the result of power of God and which brings life and being where there was deadness and nothingness and in the

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receiving of which the dead soul is passive301We need more of such digestible theologians in our day, both deep and concise. 12. Walter J Chantry (1938-): An equally prolific writer and preacher, Walter Chantry pastors at the same church that Ernest Reisinger once laboured, the Grace Baptist Church, Carlisle, USA. Known for his candid and uncompromising Ministry, Walter has exercised an influential preaching and writing ministry. His land mark work is the book Signs of the Apostles which questions the various claims of today by many Christians. As a convinced Calvinistic preacher, Chantry is unashamedly modernistic in theology. Born at Norristown, Pennsylvania, 1938 and raised a Presbyterian, he graduated with a B.A in History from Dickson College in 1960, B.D (Westminster Theological Seminary) 1963 and has been in the Ministry since. Among his numerous writings include on Free will, Baptism and Covenant theology, Todays Gospel, Authentic or Synthetic? 13. John Fullerton McArthur (1939-): John McArthur, like Chantry is a very well known figure in the Reformed fraternity, having proved his mettle and solidly Biblically based theology. McArthur has authored many works, booklets and pamphlets in addition to his wide preaching ministry, influencing many generations in and outside the United States. He is noted for his broadcast, Grace to you which has transformed millions. Born 1939 in the USA, John has been the Pastor of the Grace Community church, California since 1969. With at least two honorary doctorates, McArthur stands out as a very clear thinking and resolute Calvinist, not afraid of any mortal. He strongly holds on to modernistic regeneration and considers all others not holding onto this position as unconverted. Many detest him for this dogmatic stance. 14. Wayne A Grudem (1948-): Wayne Grudem is one of the leading theological minds of our time whose documented work is generally exegetically sound. His systematic theology for instance is a demonstration of his clear lucid thinking as well as puts before the reader a biblical thinkers thoughts. We thus quote parts of his writing at length from his Systematic Theology pages 699- 706: When Jesus speaks of being born of the Spirit (John 3:8), he indicates that is especially God the Holy Spirit who produces regeneration. But other verses also indicate the involvement of God the Father in regeneration: Paul specifies that it is God who made us alive together with Christ (Ephesians 2:5; cf Colossians 2:13)....What is the connection between effective calling and regeneration? As we will see later in this chapter, scripture indicates that regeneration must come before we can respond to effective calling with saving faith. Therefore we can say that regeneration comes before the result of
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The Beginnings, pp 96

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effective calling (our faith). But it is more difficult to specify the exact relationship in time between regeneration and the human proclamation of the gospel through which God works in effective calling...and it is not correct to say that the only thing that happens in regeneration is that our spirits are made alive (as some would teach), for every part of us is affected by regeneration: If anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has passed away, behold, the new has come (2 Corinthians 5:17). Because regeneration is a work of God within us in which gives us new life it is right to conclude that it is an instantaneous event. It happens only once. At one moment we are spiritually dead, and then at the next moment we have new spiritual life from God. Never the less, we do not always know exactly when this instantaneous change occurs....The change will become evident over time in patterns of behaviour and desires that are pleasing to God...Neither Jesus nor Paul nor John point to activity in the church or miracles as evidence of regeneration. They rather point to character traits in life. In fact, immediately after the verses quoted above Jesus warns that on the day of judgement many will say to him, Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and cast out demons in your name, and do many mighty works, in your name? 15. Conrad Mbewe (1961- ): Often fondly referred to as the Spurgeon of Africa for his great pulpit powers, Conrad has been a very effective preacher strongly holding on to modernistic regeneration. He has preached on numerous occasions (both internationally and locally, radio or TV) his sermons being highly evangelistic and trusting in God the Spirit to apply the work of redemption through regeneration. Thousands have been converted under his ministry. Among the Zambian Reformed Baptist Pastor, Mbewe ranks among the leading strategic thinkers, planners and managers. Conrad has the unique blend of being both a preacher and administrator, many times thinking several years ahead of his time. With such insight, he is able to proactively position himself and church so that when the crunch arrives, the church would have forestalled issues from afar. But Conrad has another rare skill, that of writing. Although most of his works appear in monogram form, once collected, they make up a wide collection, in addition to managing a busy blog on the internet. Because of such traits, Conrad Mbewe is constantly on the move around the world, heralding the eternal and glorious gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. 16. Choolwe Mweetwa (): This is the John Owen of the Zambian theological landscape. At times referred to as Rabbi, Pastor Mweetwa has a unique insight into Gods word able to draw out lessons that would ordinarily not be visible. In writing about the Implications of the doctrine of regeneration, he says this on regeneration itself: But what is regeneration? Regeneration can be defined as the act of God by which he supernaturally transforms the heart of an elect sinner to exercise faith and
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repentance unto salvation. Several points deserve underscoring. First, regeneration is an act of God. Second, it is an act of God the Holy Spirit. Third, it is a supernatural instantaneous work. Fourth, it is performed on the elect sinner. Fifth, it is the source of faith and repentance. The prophet Ezekiel gives a pithy description of the radical and transformatory power of regeneration... (Ezekiel 36:26, 27). As can be seen, this is a resurrection of some sorts, it is a new birth and its subject is a new creation, spiritually and morally...302 17. Peter Lewis (): A very avid reader and scholar of the Puritans, Peter Lewis has written an informative volume, The Genius of Puritanism. In this brisk pithy volume, Lewis brings the Puritans to life by examining them from different perspectives that include their teaching, world view, content of preaching and the age in which they lived. He demonstrates mastery on Puritan theology and gives insightful brief biodata for a mini galaxy of Puritans. His (Lewis) theology is deeply Reformed in outlook and application, holding on to modernistic regeneration. 18. William S Barker II (): A fine scholar and author of the famous book on Puritan Profiles of those that attended the drafting of the Westminster confession of faith. Barker does a detailed study of the leading puritans as well as clearly brings out their distinctive and theological leanings. From his writing, one cannot fail to decipher his theological inclination on regeneration for it is undoubtedly modernistic. But who exactly is Professor William Barker, II? What is his theological DNA? William is professor of Church History at the world acclaimed Westminster Theological Seminary having been ordained Minister in the Presbyterian Church. He studied at Covenant Theological seminary for his B.D. (B.A, Princeton University, 1956) and at Vanderbilt University for his PhD, served as Pastor from 1960 to 1972 before moving over to the Westminster in 1987 where Van Til and other illustrious giants once laboured. 19. Joe Simfukwe (1958-): A remarkable preacher, very sound and eloquent in communication of theological concepts. Joe Simfukwe stands as probably one of the founding Fathers of Calvinistic Biblical theology in Zambia. Although he detests303 labels, Joe has had a lasting impact on the Zambian theological landscape. Born in Zambia in the late fifties, he soon immigrated to Scotland where he would spend a good part of his life (in fact all his undergraduate student life) only returning to Zambia in the early seventies. He sensed the call to Ministry and thus attended Spurgeons college in London before taking on an extremely fruitful but strenuous
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Reformation Zambia, issue # 008, pp 17 Sept-Dec 2006 Or uncomfortable with labels

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ministry at the Lusaka Baptist Church. From about 1979 or earlier, a Mini religious awakening swept across Zambia. The said revival, among many things, occasioned the conversion of thousands to Christ as people suddenly had a lively desire to know Christ and to do his work. Everywhere people were conscious of the presence of God and attended every prayer meeting as well as evangelised when opportunity availed itself. Among the key revivalists at the time was Joe Simfukwe, a recent theological graduate who was a fervent and fine expositor of the word. He adopted a systematic approach to expounding the Holy Scriptures to the end that many people might be built up as leaders. Every Sunday, he exercised a powerful and affecting ministry. Simfukwe guarded his pulpit jealously. This activity went on for nearly ten years before he suddenly left the Lusaka Baptist Church to pursue further studies abroad. However, between November and December 1983, Joe carried out a rare series on the Holy Spirit as relates to Baptism with and by the Holy Spirit. Being an unassuming deductive preacher, Simfukwe sought to clear the air on the confusing aspects in relation to experience that were poisoning the evangelical air at the time. Among the points he tackles is the whole issue of regeneration and we quote him at length: In our first study we looked at what may be called Christian Initiation. By this I mean that the New Testament expected that every Christian would be characterised by a number of things that would happen to him at (or very close to) his conversion. We can summarise this initiation in terms of three Baptisms. It involved what the apostle Paul called the Baptism by the Spirit into Christ (I Corinthians 12:13). This is just another way of speaking about our regeneration or new birth by which we become new creatures and are incorporated into Christ. It involved secondly Baptism in water in the name of Jesus Christ (Acts 2:38). This was very closely bound up with the first and it was the appointed way of responding to the gospel. It was the way faith was openly shown. It was never viewed as an option for those who were so led. The Third Baptism was that spoken of by John the Baptist in connection with Jesus. I baptise you with water, but he (Jesus) will baptise you with the Holy Spirit (Mark 1:8). So the third Baptism is the baptism with the Holy Spirit. The first Baptism is not necessarily on the level of our consciousness. It is the mysterious work of the Spirit whereby we are made new (John 3:8). Our desires are changed and we are morally transformed from being rebels to being Gods children. The second one is obvious and we know when weve been baptised in water. The third Baptism needs exploring so that we may know exactly what John the Baptist had in mind when he said that Christs ministry would be characterised by initiating his people with the Baptism with the Holy Spirit...304 Without doubt, Simfukwe is the father of

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Refer to: The Promise of the Father: The Holy Spirit in Christian Experience, Lusaka Baptist church, December 1983

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expository preaching in Zambia after the manner of the venerable Dr Martyn LloydJones of the Westminster Chapel. 20. Joseph Imakando (): Dr Imakando presently runs the largest charismatic Church in Zambia (over 15,000 adherents)305 having curved its image internationally and locally in record time. Although Dr Imakando is largely known as a motivational speaker in religious garb, he is originally & initially a fine expositor who holds on to the new birth and has preached about this over many occasions. Founder and Bishop of the Bread of Life international Church (with over 85 branches dotted across the country), Joe started off as a Reformed Baptist preacher in 1976, went on to study in both Kenya and the UK before returning to pastor the then Emmasdale Baptist church. After a short stint as Executive Director of the Evangelical Fellowship of Zambia (EFZ), Imakando returned to his former congregation as senior Pastor with a vision to expand and grow the congregation. Joe transformed the struggling church from obscurity and rebranded it. His apparently sudden mutation from the Reformed faith surprised many though some claim to have spotted the signs long before his eventual departure. Today, with a powerful international network, Joseph carries on a very wide ministry all over the world including on local television (ZNBC). Based on his earlier theological position, we can safely conclude that he most likely holds regeneration probably from a Semi-Pelagian perspective. 21. Ronald Kalifungwa (): A giant in the Zambian Reformed Baptist fraternity. He is arguably the most balanced Zambian Pastor, strong both as a counsellor and preacher, rightly dividing the word. He is very fine on the text and neatly dissects them so that truths become easy to chew and palatable to the soul. Ronald has held several pastorates across the African continent (i.e. Fairview Reformed Baptist, MufuliraZambia & Lynnwood Baptist Church, Pretoria-South Africa) and is presently Pastor of the Lusaka Baptist Church. Kalifungwa has written and preached evangelistic sermons that clearly demonstrate that he holds the new birth. Kalifungwa is presently majoring in Greek studies and has preached both on radio and Television. 22. Victor Kanyense (): Numbered among the Reformed Baptists with a keen theological eye and unique pulpit powers. Victor is a deep thinker, an avid reader or detector spotting the latest theological trends as well as apologetic approaches long before they become major issues. He is a keen student of Cornelius Van Til and subscribes to his presuppositional approach to apologetics whole heartedly. Victor has preached on the new birth several times both at his church (Mount Makulu

305

Source: Lutangu Lubasi PhD Thesis 2009

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Baptist) and at conferences/camps which clearly drip with the new birth. He has on occasion served as Missionary Pastor to Ethiopia for very short stints. 23. Michael Bwembya (): In a lively article on the means of regeneration, Pastor Bwembya gives helpful insights on regeneration as follows: The Bible tells us that all people on earth are sinners and are given to sin. It further tells us that there is nothing than man can do to save himself from this all invading and evil influence. In Jeremiah 17:9 the heart of man is described as follows: The heart is deceitful above all things and beyond cure. Who can understand it? Having noted that sin has invaded man and influenced him towards evil, we must, however, know that it is not a hopeless situation. God in his goodness has set out the redemption plan for man. This redemption is a process (Romans 8:30). It does not begin and end with our confession of sin. It is a process and regeneration is that process...when we say that regeneration is an act of God and God alone, it is simply means that no one can come to faith in Christ Jesus unless God forbids. He does so by means that he deems fit. Through the person of the Holy Spirit we see God drawing people to himself by regeneration. In Titus 3:5, the scriptures record, He saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit. The work of the Holy Spirit is regeneration has no substitute in redemption plan of God...The primary means of regeneration is the word of God (the gospel). It is the word that God uses to call people from bondage of sin (Charnock: 1980, 279). In the scriptures we read that those that are saved to eternal life are the called of God. In other words we are saying that if one does not hear the call of God such a one cannot be saved and cannot respond. We can also say that many are called but only those who hear the effectual call will respond. This call is tied up with Predestination....furthermore when Paul talks of the word of God, he talks of it as an instrument that is able to bring change in the life of an individual. We had earlier said regeneration brings about moral change. This moral change comes as one reflects on Gods word and then experiences its life changing power. This lifechanging power initially starts with people thinking through the word of God which they have heard. Paul in his writings shows us that he has a very high and uncompromised opinion of the gospel (the word of God) for the regeneration of many. He knew the power that was in the gospel as he wrote...I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of... (Romans 1:16). In other words Paul is saying that salvation is found in the gospel. He does not give us any other option....Regeneration is the work of God from beginning to end. We cannot exclude God from Biblical regeneration and remain on safe ground...306 Pastor Bwembya has served as Missionary Pastor to several churches across Zambia
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and is thus a seasoned preacher, strategic linkage pastor and effective in person to person follow up and witness. 24. Kabwe Kabwe (1961-): Kabwe Kabwe is one of the clearest thinking theologians of our times. His characteristic mark is the ability to reduce big theological concepts into digestible chunks. Kabwe has this to say about regeneration: The disaster of our present day is that we have many people in the church and on some church registers who claim to born again and yet live without producing any corresponding fruits of that same experience. The words of John the Baptist still sending warnings to many professing Christians: Then he said to the multitudes that came to be baptised, Brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the wrath to come? Therefore bear fruits worthy of repentance, and do not begin to say to yourselves, we have Abraham as our Father... (Luke 3: 7, NKJV)...The scriptures are very clear that a radical inward change produced in regeneration has a corresponding outward change in the life of a person who is regenerate. John Murray crystallises this by simply saying that regeneration is at the basis of all change in heart and life (1961, 105)...The term regeneration and new birth are used interchangeably, meaning one and the same thing. The term new birth never occurs in the Bible. The noun regeneration occurs only twice in the Bible (Titus 3:5 & Matthew 19:28). The Greek word translated regeneration is palingenesia, which, when broken down into parts, means born-again (i.e. plin=again; genesia=birth). While the term new birth is not directly found in the scriptures, related words occur many times, such as new creation, born again, and new man. The import from these phrases vividly illustrates what takes place spiritually when the life of God completely transforms a sinner. In regeneration an experience of the quickening of the heart or the receiving of new life takes. The holy operation sets in motion the whole process related to the practical experience of conversion. The divine agency, the Spirit of God, creates a new nature, which results in new desires, affections, and interests. These new desires are spiritual in nature and God-centred. The Spirit of God is active in this operation to give life to a spiritually dead human heart (John 6:63). In this change, the Spirit of God is the only agent; and the person-the subject-is completely passive. He does not act, but is acted upon. This is because of the state of the human heart. It is said to be totally depraved and corruption in its natural, fallen state......This new life is the very essence of regeneration, by which a spiritually lifeless person is enlivened with the very life of God. The picture of the valley of dead and dry bones in Ezekiel 37 illustrates what happens in regeneration. By the power of God the lifeless dry bones are given life so that they can live again. So it is regeneration. Gods power produces new life in a spiritually dead person. This new life, which is produced by the power of God, is not just a passive or inactive form of new life. It is a new birth that
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consequently manifests itself in real and living activities. Thus, this new life serves in one sense as the cause and in another as the effect of the new spiritual life in a person, resulting in a change of heart....307 He then talks about the results of regeneration as a change of human heart and conversion. Kabwe highlights some distinguishing marks of a regenerate soul. Among those, he mentions adoption, humility, zeal, devotion, prayer, love, and hunger for God among many traits. In concluding that article, Kabwe says: We have seen that in regeneration, the spiritual life is imparted to a spiritually dead person. Regeneration is the genesis or beginning of life and God is the only source of regeneration and remains the only active player in regeneration. This spiritual operation results in a new life, which issues into a changed heart leading to conversion...the notion so-called non-committed or Carnal Christian should not be entertained when these non-negotiable distinguishing marks of a regenerate heart are absent. That individual needs to be born again and experience new life in Christ. The very essence of regeneration is to produce new life in Christ that provides a new nature or disposition, by which we can now have a relationship with God.308 Kabwe is yet another theologian akin to Thomas Watson, very easy to follow and understand. This grace belongs to a few amongst us. Trained in South Africa for his undergraduate theological studies, Kabwe holds a masters degree in theological studies whose thesis focused on the recent trends in charismatic circles such as the Deliverance Ministry among many. 25. John R. W. Stott (1921-) :Born in London, John is an English Anglican Christian that has championed evangelical Christianity for most of the 20th century. Stott has remained staunchly Biblical despite his denominations general decline and distance from the Bible veering towards Roman Catholicism and ceremony. On many doctrinal points, John stands tall above his contemporaries and even surprising why he sticks to the decaying Church of England309. Like William Gurnall and JC Ryle before him, Stott has stuck it out. Although he is not 100% reformed in theology, his evangelical inclination endears him to many saints across the world as well as his teaching and written works. Stotts works include: The Cross of Christ, Basic Christianity and on the Baptism of/in the Holy Spirit from which we quote in this section. In the introduction and subsequent sections of the said book, Stott makes a clarification as to his position in relation to his earlier edition. His work on this matter is a lucid argument and reasoning of Baptism with the Holy Spirit and being filled. It is a great work and does not delve into detail about regeneration. What he does is to
Reformation Zambia pp 12-15 2006 Ibid pp 16 (Reformation Zambia, 2006) 309 Sadly, this man has denied the evangelical doctrine of eternal punishment as taught in scripture and must thus be read with extreme caution.
308 307

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refer to it in passing probably assuming that regeneration is a foregone conclusion. We pick up some sections of his thoughts at length: Wherever one looks in the Church today, there is an evident need for a deeper work of the Holy Spirit. In the west the old concept of Christendom which has lasted for centuries seems to be rapidly dying, as more and more people repudiate the faith of their Fathers. In the sixties, attempting to interpret the gospel to the modern age, secular theologians openly denied the fundamentals of Historic Christianity. Having largely lost the Christian faith, the western world has lost Christian ethic also. Society is now confessedly pluralist and permissive. The institution of the Church survives, but is regarded by most people as a relic from the past, an outmoded structure like the superstitions to which it clings. Meanwhile, there are some signs of spiritual renewalpockets of fresh vigour in the older denominations, in which the house church movement and in para-church organisations. Yet the general picture remains one of steadily diminishing Christian influence in an increasingly secular community. The dead, dry bones of the church need the living breath of God....In the light of all this biblical testimony, it seems 310Despite some clay theological feet311, this giant is worth reading with a clear conscience by and large, especially as relates to regeneration. 26. Michael Haykin (): One of the great minds and clear theologians of our times. Hay kin has been Principal as well as Professor of Church history in addition to his other works. He has written extensively on many doctrinal subjects and widely quoted as well. Some of his works include on Church history, apologetics as well as doctrinal. Haykin has said the following on modernistic regeneration: "It is wrong to suppose that the doctrine of justification by faith alone, that storm center of the Reformation, was the crucial question in the minds of such theologians as Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, Martin Bucer, and John Calvin. This doctrine was important to the Reformers because it helped to express and to safeguard their answer to another, more vital, question, namely, whether sinners are wholly helpless in their sin, and whether God is to be thought of as saving them by free, unconditional, invincible grace, not only justifying them for Christs sake when they come to faith, but also raising them from the death of sin by His quickening Spirit in order to bring them to

Refer to John Stotts Baptism and Fullness, Intervarsity Press, pp13-27 For instance, Stott needs to be read with caution on eschatology; he holds the total annihilation rather than everlasting torment of sinners. In other words, he does not believe in/rejects an eternal hell of everlasting punishment of sinners. Instead, he holds that sinners after a time will be wiped out of conscience existence. This is a dark blot on this giant. Read JI Packers stern warning remarks on this matter as he treats the subject of modern revisions on Justification. Stotts sad departure from scripture is indeed tragic. The doctrine of endless punishment or Hell is under severe attack today as WGT Shedds alongside others warned long ago. There is need to revisit and positively preach this doctrine once again.
311

310

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faith."312 Michael is therefore a recommended read both for the theologian and apologist.313 27. Nigel Lacey (1942-2007): Nigel Lacey took the Zambian preaching scene by storm when he first appeared in 1994. He would return in 1997 and eventually take up the pastorate at the Lusaka Baptist church in 1999. He diligently and fervently laboured at that church for five years and exited its orbit in 2004 back to England where he went to glory August 2007, after an illustrious and moving ministry across the world. He deeply longed for Gods visitation and often preached evangelistically so that people might be awakened from their sleep of death. 28. Kunda Kalifungwa (): Although settled in the UK, Kunda was born and bred on Zambian turf before he and his wife Evadine immigrated to England to pursue theological studies about 1993. He preaches part time at his local church but has on numerous occasions preached the new birth. Apart from being a loving parent of two children, Kunda is a qualified school teacher and studied theological studies up to PhD level starting off with the London Theological Seminary (LTS) (1993-94) onward to University of Wales for both his Masters and PhD where he remains a candidate for the doctorate (viva stage). During his younger days, Kunda served as chairperson of the youth fellowship at the Lusaka Baptist Church where the historic Baptist Confession of faith as well as Systematic Theology were studied and imbibed. He would serve as travelling secretary for Scripture Union for several years before immigrating to the UK where he presently serves the Lord in different capacities and forms. No doubt, Kundas stamp will forever remain imprinted on the Zambian Reformed Theological scenario. He is the brother to the famed Ronald Kalifungwa, Pastor of the Lusaka Baptist Church. 29. J I Packer (1926-): J I Packer has for a long time stood as a towering theologian for many decades specifically as a master on the Puritans and their theology. He seems to have mastered John Owen and even wrote an introductory essay to Owens Death of Death, a monumental work in its day in relation to particular redemption. Packer has commented on many other works, including writing a pithy preface to Ryles book on Holiness among many other historical works. Packer has this to say about regeneration: The signs whereby a regenerate person may be known correspond to the natural actions of the new born child314 Dr Packer remains an authority on many theological matters including on the grand subject of regeneration as relates to historic Justification by faith. A valiant champion of the faith in modern times, on
312 313

Quote attributable to Haykin from the following site: http://www.monergism.com/start_here.php , accessed on 03/08/2010 One of his books, Defense of the Truth: Contending for the faith yesterday and today is worth reading. 314 As quoted by Peter Jeffery in his Christian Handbook on page 154

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many occasions than one, the professor has often stood at daggers drawn even with some of his once closest allies when they have crossed paths over vital doctrines of the Christian faith. On classic example is his differing with John Stott over modern revisions to Justifications by faith as relates to the eternal state of the wicked. Stott has crashed into annihilationism which is contrary both to scripture and Reformed tradition. Pack has ably demonstrated leadership by rejecting Stotts erroneous views on the matter of the wicked. That said, Packers ordo salutis starts with Justification and then progresses to calling, regeneration, sanctification and so one. The major reason is because of the central place that the venerable Professor places the grand Doctrine of Justification alongside Martin Luther and others. 30. William Hendriksen (1900-1982)315: Originally born a Dutch national, Williams family immigrated to the USA in 1911 where he would remain the rest of his life. He studied at the Calvin Theological Seminary for both his Bachelors and Masters Degree before taking on two doctorates. Hendricksen served as Pastor for several Reformed congregations, was a Professor as well as a writer of many classic commentaries on Bible books. Reputed to be a very intelligent man with a clear grasp of the scriptures, Hendricksen towers above many theologians of his day and era. William was a rare master linguist holding on to modernistic regeneration and has bequeathed us some of his rich thoughts. Here are some of his sayings in relation to regeneration: The relation of the wind to your body resembles that of the Spirit to your soul. The wind does as it pleases; so does the Spirit to your soul. Its operation is sovereign incomprehensible and mysterious The learned Professor has certainly bequeathed the Church some of the lasting biblical truths and views worth returning to again and again. 31. Sinclair B Ferguson (): Sinclair has been one of the great Scottish theological giants in the 20th century and written a lot as well as preached. He holds an MA, BD and PhD (Aberdeen) presently serving at the Westminster Theological College (Professor of Systematic Theology) after a remarkable ministry in his native Scotland (19711982). A good portion of his books have been published by the Banner of Truth Trust. We quote his writing on the new birth at length: In fact, by nature, we are children of wrath, not children of God (Eph. 2:3, where the NIV word objects is, literally, children, tekna). Rather than seeing us as amiable mischiefs, God sees us as we really are in his sight unfaithful sinners worthy only of his judgment, prodigal sons who are both lost and dead (Lk. 15:31). There could be no more serious delusion for us to suffer from, therefore, than that we are naturally his children. Rather, we need to become children of God.
315

Refer to this site: http://www.olivetreelibrary.com/cyclopedia/index.php?title=William_Hendriksen&printable=yes

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All this is assumed in the Prologue to Johns Gospel when he says: To all who received him, to those who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God children born not of natural descent, nor of human decision or a husbands will, but born of God (Jn. 1:12-13). He could not be more unequivocal; we need to become Gods children. Moreover, we can become his children only by the decision of Gods will. The new birth of which John speaks here and elsewhere is not ours by nature, nor is it within our natural powers to accomplish! Not only is this devastating to human pride, but it also underlines the spiritual peril of our natural condition. The Prologue to Johns Gospel serves the same function as the overture does in a symphony. It suggests the various motifs which are to be more fully worked out in what follows. John explains and illustrates what he means by this birth from God when, later, in Chapter 3, he describes the encounter between Jesus and Nicodemus. Nicodemus was Israels teacher, and yet he did not seem able to understand our Lords teaching on the necessity of the new birth for all those who would become children of God (Jn. 3:10). Here was a man with every possible natural advantage: a Jew, with the promises and word of God at his fingertips; a Pharisee, living scrupulously close to the law of God; a student of theology more, the leading professor of theology among his peers. Nicodemus was a religious devotee, if ever there was one. Yet he did not understand that he needed to be born again in order to become a child of God and enter his kingdom. Nicodemus illustrates all that it is possible to be without being a member of the family of God. When Jesus told him that no one can either see or enter Gods kingdom without being born again, Nicodemus illustrated the very failure to see the kingdom of which Jesus spoke. How can this be? (Jn. 3:9) he asked. Only later would he understand the difference between belonging to the family of God and being a member of the family of the devil (cf. Jn. 8:42-47; 19:39, I Jn. 3:10). What, then, is this new birth of which Jesus spoke, which lies at the heart of belonging to Gods family? It has often been understood to be a special, personal, conversion experience. In recent years it almost became fashionable to be born again; it was described by the media as a sociological movement. But very often the phrase denoted little more than having a religious experience of the vaguest kind. The New Testament means something much more specific. Here it is important to enter a word of caution. Born again and regeneration can very easily become buzz words. But using biblical language does not mean we have had genuine biblical experience. A little knowledge of the New Testaments background would help us to understand that. The idea of regeneration or new birth was not limited to the Christian faith in the first century AD. On the contrary, it was commonplace among the mystery religions of the ancient world. (That may be the
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reason why Paul generally avoids this terminology.) Hence the New Testament places considerable stress on explaining what it means when it speaks of being born again. In a nutshell, it means to come to share in the risen life and power of Jesus Christ, and to enter into vital fellowship with him. Jesus prophesied that a final new birth or regeneration would take place at the end of time (Matt. 19:28). His resurrection from the dead was actually the first fruits of that great event (1 Cor. 15:20). By it he became the firstborn of many brothers. Gods ultimate purpose is to conform us to the image of his Son in the same way, through our resurrection (Phil. 3:21). In this sense, we can rightly speak about Jesus resurrection as his new birth. He was dead because of sin (ours, not his). But God raised him into new life (Rom. 6:910). He was transformed and marked out as the Son of God with power through the resurrection (Rom. 1:3-4), and thus entered into a new dimension of humanity altogether, in which death no longer has mastery over him (Rom. 6:9) Paul makes essentially the same point when he describes Gods work of grace in Christ as a new creation (2 Cor. 5:17). God brought creation into being for his glory, and to be the sphere of mans life as Gods son. He made man (that is, man and woman) as his image (Gen. 1:26-27). In the world of the Old Testament, as we have already seen, the idea of bearing someones image is related to family-likeness (cf. Gen. 5:3). At creation man was made as the image of God, or as the son of God. But he has fallen from that status. The glory for which he was made has been profoundly marred and its reality distorted. The whole creation has been tragically affected so much so that Paul says that the whole creation has been groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time (Rom. 8:22). But what birth is creation expecting? Paul has already explained: The creation was subjected to frustration, not by its own choice, but by the will of the one who subjected it, in hope that the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay and brought into the glorious freedom of the children of God (Rom. 8:20-21). Scripture looks forward to a day when all that was originally meant to be will come to pass. The fall of man, with its accompanying frustration and decay in the natural order, will be rectified. There will be a new creation in which the entire universe will participate. This is what Paul means when he speaks of the new creation. Then, all that God intended men and women to be as his image, as his sons and daughters, will be fulfilled. This is what Jesus described as the regeneration (Matt. 19:28, A.V.). It will be a new creation. But this is not simply some far off divine event to which the whole creation moves (Tennyson). From the New Testaments point of view, there are signs that it has already begun. Jesus resurrection was the beginning of this new creation. He is the first sign of Gods springtime, and the guarantee of the final harvest. The
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regeneration has already begun with him. It continues with each of us when we are united to him by Gods grace, and share in the new family of which he is the firstborn (Col. 1:18, Heb. 12:23). To become a child of God, to be born again, therefore, involves nothing less than sharing in the risen life and brotherhood of Jesus! In our present time we need to learn to appreciate the magnitude of our relationship with Jesus, for several reasons. One is that we have a tendency to think of being born again as an inexplicable, private, mystical experience. For the New Testament, however, being born again meant entering into fellowship and brotherhood with Jesus Christ. (This is why the teaching on new birth in John 3 is set in the context of instruction about trusting in and believing on Jesus as Saviour, Jn. 3:16). A second reason for emphasizing our new brotherhood with Jesus is that it helps us to see what a glorious thing the new birth is. We tend to have a very superficial appreciation of what God has done for us. When it dawns on us that we have entered into brotherhood with the risen Lord Jesus Christ, that we now participate in the power of his resurrection, that the glory of Gods image is being restored in our lives then everyone who has been born again will rejoice in the grandeur of the change that God has accomplished in us through his Spirit! We will not (as some mistakenly do) wish we had a more spectacular experience of conversion, because we will realise that the grace of God is just as wonderful in our lives as in the lives of those whose conversions make headline news in the Christian media. It is no easier for God to give you a new birth than it is for him to give it to the worst man who ever lived! In Chapter Four we will notice some of the effects of regeneration in the life of the Christian. But at this juncture we should underline an important statement from Pauls teaching. Speaking of what is involved in regeneration as it is symbolised by baptism, Paul says that believers have been united with him [Christ] in his death and we will certainly also be united with him in his resurrection (Rom. 6:5). The expression united with is a very interesting word in Pauls vocabulary. It may be derived either from the verb to plant together with, or to grow together with. Scholars are not in agreement. But in either case it provides a vivid picture of becoming a Christian through rebirth. It means to be planted with Jesus in the soil of his death to sin, or, to be united with Jesus in such a way that our Christian lives grow in union with him in his death to sin (Rom. 6:10: The death he died, he died to sin). Paul further emphasises this sense when he writes that we are (literally) the kind of people who died to sin (Rom. 6:2). What does this dying to sin mean? From the moment of rebirth we enter into a changed relationship with the sin that once held us captive. We died to it. It is no
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longer our master, and we are no longer its slave. Formerly, it reigned over us, ruled us like a general would direct the artillery at his disposal, and, as our employer, paid us wages (see Rom. 6:14,17,23, for these word-pictures). Paul does not mean that we are totally free from the presence or influence of sin. Sin still indwells the children of God (Rom. 7:17, 20), but they no longer have the same relationship to it. They belong to a new family in which sin is not the order of the day. Instead, righteousness, peace, and joy mark the family life of Gods people (Rom. 14:17). We are the kind of people who have begun to taste that deliverance from the reign of sin, which will be consummated at the regeneration of all things. How helpful this teaching should be to us in an age when so many people have lost their sense of identity, and search either for roots in the past, or somewhere they can belong in the present. Our roots are in Jesus Christ; we belong to him and his family. We have a new strength and security built into our way of life because of regeneration. How, then, does regeneration take place? Like natural birth, it is not something we ourselves instigate. By nature we are dead in transgressions and sins (Eph. 2:1). God alone is able to bring us to new birth, through the Spirit. He does so through the power of Christs resurrection from the dead (1 Pet. 1:3). Just as Christ stood at the tomb of Lazarus and called his name, and the dead man came to life and emerged from the tomb (Jn. 11:43-44), so Jesus Christ speaks into the death of our hearts, calls us by name, and we respond (Jn. 5:25; 10:3). As at the first creation, so in the new creation God breathes on us with his Spirit, and we are brought into new life. Regeneration is a sovereign act of God. But like natural birth, in which we are unconscious of the precise moment of our conception, yet active in coming from our mothers womb and giving our first cry of life, so it is in regeneration. Given new life by God, we too cry out. But our cry, Paul tells us significantly in his great chapter on sonship is Abba, Father (Rom. 8:15). This, perhaps more than anything else, is the sign that we have been born again. We have come to know God as our Father. This is the beginning of a new life which will develop more and more in the disciplines, service, privileges, and joys of the family of God. With such a life in prospect, who would remain content until he had been born into such a family?316 From this lengthy quote from the article New Birth, it is clear that Ferguson holds the new birth in its biblical perspective. The beauty about this write up is that he gives both the right rendering as well as cautions against abuse, as has been evident in these degenerate days.

316

Source: http://www.the-highway.com/articleMar06.html, accessed on 05/10/2010

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32. W E Best (): Best has been dubbed all sorts of names from hyper Calvinist to an extremist by various theologians even among the Reformed minds. He has unflinchingly continued to churn out his works as well as offer them freely through the W.E. Best Book Missionary Trust, USA. The reason this label probably is because he holds an uncompromising Calvinistic theology and position which is generally out of taste among many well meaning Christians today. Thankfully, Best has written and published a good portion of his teachings and works for the world to judge him for what he truly is. People should use the touchstone of scripture as a measuring rode for this mans work. We quote one of his works where he is treating the subject of salvation. For instance, while commenting on II Tim 1:9 he says: Both regeneration and conversion are mentioned. Election, which is first in the divine order, is followed by redemption, regeneration, and the effectual call of God. These, like Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, naturally fall in order. Regeneration preceded calling. The principle of life which is given in regeneration is brought to light in calling.....the nature of regeneration can best be understood by contrasting it with what took place in the fall of Adam in the garden of Eden....every part of man was affected by the fall. Therefore, man cannot think properly about spiritual things (I Corinthians 2:14). His emotions are affected. He abuses his body because his mind is out of gear. He is under the dominion and power of Satan (II Peter 2:14)317 Best has further points to say in relation to this grand doctrine. He states the following in relation to the means as against that power of God in the new birth: Regeneration is not effected by the use of means. The dust from which Adams body was formed was not a means by which God originated his physical life. The dust made no contribution to Adams physical life. The light of the day was not a means of giving sight to blind Bartemaeus (John 9:6-7)318 Best highlights different views advanced by various schools of thought with respect to the nature of regeneration and then gives his own position. Regeneration and the effectual call are distinct319 he says. As far as he is concerned the two are distinct and must be treated as such. While many contend the opposite or that there is no difference, he makes a clear distinction for our understanding as well as to submit his own ordo salutis position. In all his arguments in the said book, Best comes across as a convinced Supralapsarian rather than an Infralapsarian Calvinist. He takes scripture and reasons his way from it rather than into it. This approach is rare in these latter days. His conclusions may be painful for some people and even utterly repulsive, but what do the scriptures say on this matter as the highest court of appeal?
317 318

Life brought to Light ,pp17-18 Ibid pp20 319 pp 23 Life brought to Light, South Belt Assembly of Christ, 1992

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33. Lorraine Boettner (1901-1990): Born on a Missouri farm in 1901, Lorrain Boetner went onto be become a theologian of high repute. He trained at Princeton for both his ThB and ThM. Having come across and devoured Charles Hodges systematic theology, Boetners Calvinistic convictions were solidified and eventually gave birth to several classic volumes including Roman Catholicism and What is the Gospel among many. In the chapter 13320, on Efficacious grace, of one of his monumental volume321, Boettner has this to say in relation to regeneration which he styles an inward change wrought by supernatural power. This writer (i.e. Boettner) seems to place regeneration as part of effectual calling. Lorraine says: In the Scriptures this change is called a regeneration (Titus 3:5), a spiritual resurrection which is wrought by the same mighty power with which God wrought in Christ when He raised Him from the dead (Ephesians 1:19,20), a calling out of darkness into Gods marvellous light (I Peter 2:9), a passing out of death into life (John 5:24), a new birth (John 3:3), a making alive (Colossians 2:13), a taking away of the heart of stone and giving of a heart of flesh (Ezekiel 11:19), and the subject of change is said to be a new creature (II Corinthians 5:17). Such descriptions completely refute the Arminian notion that regeneration is primarily mans act, induced by moral persuasion or the mere influence of the truth as presented in a general way by the Holy Spirit. And just because this change is produced by power from on high which is the living spring of a new and re-created life, it is irresistible and permanent. The regeneration of the soul is something which is wrought in us, and not an act performed by us. It is an instantaneous change from spiritual death to spiritual life. It is not even a thing of which we are conscious at the moment it occurs, but rather something which lies lower than consciousness. At the moment of its occurrence the soul is as passive as Lazarus when he was called back to life by Jesus. Concerning the soul in regeneration Charles Hodge says: It is the subject, and not the agent of change. The soul cooperates, or, it is active in what precedes and in what follows the change, but the change itself is something experienced, and not something done. The blind and the labour in getting into His presence, and the labour in getting into His presence, and they joyfully exerted the new power imparted to them, but they were entirely passive in the moment of healing. They in no way co-operated in the production of that effect. The same is true in regeneration.....322 Regeneration involves an essential change of character. It is a making of the tree good in order that the fruit may be good. As a result of this change, the person passes from a state of unbelief to one of saving faith, not by any process of research or argument, but of inward experience. And as we had
320 321

13th Chapter of the Reformed Doctrine of Predestination The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination, Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing Company, 1932 pp164-165 322 Reformed Doctrine of Predestination, pp164-165

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nothing to do with our physical birth, but received it as a sovereign gift of God, we like wise have nothing to do with our spiritual birth but receive it also as a sovereign gift. Each occurred without any exercise of our own power, and even without our consent being asked. We no more resist the latter than we resist the former. And as we go ahead and work out our own salvation after being regenerated...323 Lorraine Boettner remains one of the greatest theologians in recent times, having written on many touchy subjects such as Roman Catholicism and yet is practically unchallenged to date, if one uses scripture in the right sense. 34. Gordon C Olson324 (): Dr Olson has steadily curved an image for himself over the theological landscape away from or a mixture of classic Calvinism and Arminianism. Olsons aim is to remain true to scripture as he sees/interprets them. He claims to follow an inductive approach. The Doctor is a mediate theologian with respect to regeneration, a semi-Pelagian. Gordon holds the following: that regeneration is contingent upon repentance and faith. In other words, regeneration is a result of the mediate work of the Holy Spirit after the word has been preached and understood. The mind is illumined but makes the decision whether to accept or reject Christ. At the point of electing to accept Christ, the person is regenerated to become a child of God. This position seeks a delicate controversial balance between Arminianism and Calvinism. This is the mediate position where Faith precedes regeneration.

In his book, Beyond Calvinism and Arminianism, Olson states the following: If we were to treat the Spirits ministries diachronically, we should have started with our Lords words to Nicodemus in John 3:1-15 about the new birth and Johns reference to it in his prologue (John 1:12-13):But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, even to those who believed in His name, who are born, not blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God. From this it is clear that it is by the new birth that we become children in the family of God. The new birth is a supernatural and irreversible work of the Spirit, not just a reformation or turning over a new leaf. Not only did Peter understand that God has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead (I Peter 1:3), but also that you have been born again not of seed which is perishable but imperishable, that is, through the living and enduring word of God (2:23). Pauls unique use the word regeneration (palingenesia) in Titus 3:5 is reminiscent of Christs use of it in Matthew 19:28 to refer to that end time transformation of all creation. That certainly will be an

323 324

Ibid pp 165/66 Beyond Calvinism & Arminianism: An inductive mediate theology, Global Gospel Publishers, 1981 pp 307-488

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irreversible transformation as well.325 Olson on page 488 under the subhead Regeneration is always wrought directly by the Spirit through the word of God, a bit contradictory to his earlier assertion but none the less sums up his inductive study and makes comments on the Spirit of God in regeneration. Gordon further says: We have examined a number of definitive statements about the new birth: John 3:3-18; James 1:18; and I Peter 1:23. All of them refer to the word of God and/or the Holy Spirit of God as the active agents. None of them mention water baptism. Salvation is frequently referred to in both Testaments as a washing, but this washing is never accomplished by baptism. When the lord Jesus washed the feet of the apostles, he used the symbolism of salvation as a washing (John 13:1-20): He who has bathed needs only to wash his feet, but is completely clean, and you are clean. But not all of you (13:10). Salvation is the bath; the believer needs to cleanse his walk by confession of sin (I John 1:9). We noted Ananias use of this symbolism (Acts 22:16). Peters vision of the unclean food in Acts 10 speaks of Gentile salvation as a cleansing (10:15; 11: 9). In I Corinthians 6:11 Paul refers to the Corinthian Christians as having been washed. It occurs again in Ephesians 5:26 and Titus 3:5. John speaks of forgiveness as a cleansing (I John 1:7, 9). Finally, martyrs are said to have washed their robes and made them white (Revelation 7:14). This always accompanied by the Spirit through the word without any reference to baptism. The symbolism is obvious and should not be ignored.326 35. Robert Charles Sproul (1939-): A Reformed scholar (holding two doctorates), teacher and Pastor, this American Calvinistic theologian has been schooled in the tradition of Aquinas, Augustine, John Calvin and Jonathan Edwards. Sproul is the founder and chairman of the Ligonier Ministries in the USA and holds on to a modernistic theological position in relation to regeneration. Despite being labelled a determined extremist by some liberal and Semi-Pelagian theologians alike, Dr Sproul stands as a pillar in the Historic Christian faith. We quote him at length: The classic issue between Augustinian theology and all forms of semi Pelagianism focuses on one aspect of the order of salvation (Ordo Salutis). What is the relationship between regeneration and faith? Is regeneration a modernistic or synergistic work? Must a person first exercise faith in order to be born again? Or must rebirth occur before a person is able to exercise faith? Monergistic regeneration means that regeneration is accomplished by a single actor, God. It means literally a one working. Synergism, on the other hand, refers to work that involves the action of two or more parties. The Reformers taught not only that regeneration does precede faith but also that it must precede faith. Faith is regeneration's fruit, not its cause. For Luther the irresistibility of grace is what makes it so gracious. Irresistible grace denies the converted sinner
325 326

Beyond Calvinism and Arminianism pp 307 Beyond Calvinism & Arminianism pp 488

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any basis for boasting327 Sproul is undoubtedly one of the clearest thinking theologians of the times, not merely an extremist as some seem to think. 36. Samuel Ngewa (): Some seem to regard regeneration as synonymous with conversion such as Dr Samuel M Ngewa. He has this to say about regeneration: Nicodemus may have understood what Jesus meant when speaking of the Kingdom, or (more likely) he may have thought only in terms of the awaited Messianic Kingdom. However, this is not what he wanted to discuss. The words about being born again captured his attention, as Jesus had intended. In the light of the entire Gospel, we can argue that the whole idea behind being born again includes a) acknowledging328 oneself as a sinner, followed by b) repentance, c) Inviting Jesus into ones heart as saviour, and d) being declared by God to be his child....329 As can be seen, Dr Ngewa has it and knows what he is talking about-the new birth. What he may differ with other theologians perhaps is the ordo salutis in addition to the distinction between conversion and regeneration. That said, his description of the new birth approximates to what the scriptures teach. Trained at the Westminster Theological Seminary, Ngewa holds a PhD and this African theological giant has contributed greatly to the African Bible Commentary (Principles of Bible interpretation and some aspects of the commentary on Deuteronomy). 37. James Montgomery Boice (July 7, 1938-June 15, 2000): Was a deep thinking theologian whose ministry spanned many years (over 32) until the lord took him home in 2000 after an aggressive liver cancer attack. Being a prolific author, James written and spoken ministry has far reaching implications and appreciated by a wide section of the Christian community, both nationally and internationally. A Reformed theology inclined theologian, the Doctor held modernistic position in relation to regeneration as evidenced by his writings. For Boice, the ordo salutis would take the following pattern: Calling, regeneration, justification, adoption, sanctification and glorification. In each case the Holy Spirit applies the work of Christ to us personally.330 He further devotes a chapter to the new birth and says the following: The birth of a child of God is a spiritual resurrection, the passage of one into a new life who formerly was dead in trespasses and sins. A child of wrath becomes a child of the Father who is in heaven. The theological term for this new birth is regeneration.331 Rebirth is a metaphor of the initial step in salvation. Its use goes back to Jesus himself. He did not mean to teach the need for a literal, physical rebirth.
327

Sproul, R.C., Willing To Believe, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, 1997. Page 23, 122 Probably conviction of sin 329 The Gospel of John, Evangel Publishing House, pp 53, 2003 330 Foundations of the Christian Faith, pp 374 331 Ibid pp 401
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That would be nonsense, as Nicodemus recognizedthe metaphor of rebirth also points out that regeneration is Gods work and not the work of sinful human beings. One cannot be born physically by his or her own doing. It is only as a human egg and sperm join, grow and finally enter this world that birth occurs-a process initiated and nurtured by the parents. Likewise spiritual rebirth is initiated and nurtured by our heavenly parent and is outside our own doing.332 becoming a child of God requires Gods grace. While we must believe on Jesus as the divine saviour to become Christians, we believe because God himself has taken the initiative to plant his divine life within us.333 When we consider Christs words to Nicodemus in the light of these passages, we are able to think of God as the divine begetter, the Father of his spiritual children, and of the word of God employed by the Holy Spirit as the means by which new spiritual life is engendered. That is, in John 3:5 Jesus is using two images: water and wind. The first stands for the word of God, the second for the Holy Spirit. He is teaching that as the word is shared, taught, preached or otherwise made known, the Holy Spirit uses it to bring forth new spiritual life in those whom God is saving334 No one is ever the same after the Holy Spirit of God has entered to implant the life of God within him or her335 Born (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) and raised in the USA, he studied in different places including Harvard, Princeton and Basel University in addition to an honorary DD. His influence was immense and was party to some ground breaking initiatives in relation to Biblical inerrancy and alliance of confessing Evangelicals. His work is certainly one of his best memorials. 38. Alfred Guevara Nyirenda (1950-): In many ways than one, Alfred Guevara Nyirenda had an early grasp of the doctrines of grace and zealously preached them. Alfred was once known as the brimstone preacher because he was not only graphic in his description but had a powerful appreciation of scripture as well as an effective communicator. He preached often on the new birth and led countless to the lord. Having held several successful pastorates, he took on other work but remains a very effective elder and popular preacher. Nyirenda held the pastorate at the Lusaka Baptist (1993-1996) before retiring to pursue other aspirations although he remains a popular preacher and elder within the Zambian Reformed Baptist circles. His epoch making evangelistic moment among many was during his tenure at the Lusaka Baptist where many embraced the saviour. A Cessationist Reformed Baptist preacher, Alfred has championed other causes which are often neglected or overlooked by many
332 333

Ibid pp 403 Ibid pp 404 334 Ibid pp 406-407 335 Ibid pp 407

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evangelicals such as caring for widows and orphans. He goes down in history as one of the finest and first reformed theologians in Zambia. To cap this Reformed icon, we proceed to look at what he has written with respect to the new birth: Our natural being has been disabled in many ways. We cannot relate with God acceptably. In fact we are dead. By nature, death separates---we have been so cut off from God that no amount of efforts from our side can ever be noticed by the God of all creation whom we have terribly offended. As HE physically flushed us out of Eden (a place of unqualified fellowship with God) through our first parents (Gen.3:23, 24), HE also cut us off from His dwelling place. We are totally depraved, and like a dead body, we must remain where death found us---we cannot move ourselves but rot where we are. Unless an action from elsewhere is exerted on us, we remain still. Several things are true about a copse: It is lifeless, signifying that at one point, it had life in all its fullness directly from its Maker. But now there is no vibrancy---such vibrancy as is whole and fulfilling. It has no freedom except the freedom to remain motionless and totally helpless. All the life it knew has altogether evaporated from its memory---it is oblivious to the fact that it had some life at one time. It is at the disposal of other forces. Unless another force works on it, it remains motionless. That is why you will have to pick up my body one of these days, dress it up, put it in a coffin, view it for the last time, and then take it to the grave for its final disappearance! You see, I will not say, Ill bath, clothe, get into the coffin and take myself to the grave---I will have no ability to do those things---other forces must do that. Sin is the greatest force working on lifeless human beings---it controls every faculty of theirs. More than that, it is dead in trespasses and sins (Eph.2:1ff). It is at home with things that militate against it. It knows what it must not do, but it goes ahead to do it. The world knows that it is going from bad to worse---but it is doing things that enhance that downward trend. For example, the cell phone with all its advantages for much good, is responsible for much evil that is taking place in our world. Secret meetings are arranged and sin committed with impunity. In other words, a dead soul is free with sin and averse to the righteousness. I briefly worked for an organization that felt threatened with the righteous approach to work! A fish that was born in dirty water is unaware of the existence of clean, refreshing and healthy water---for this fish, life is natural in its surroundings! So it is with man born in sin; unless he is born again, he cannot see what the best thing is for him. No amount of trying to clean himself will ever make him clean--he is immersed in dirt---he is in a dirty fluid any way! In other words, he is a slave to sin
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(Jn.8:34) and sin has only one ability---lock him in until he naturally heads to his eternal dwelling---hell (see below). It is at the disposal of natural elements as God created them. There are certain elements that were created to make more nutrients for the survival of other creatures such as the insect and plant life---hence to dust it must return (Gen.3:19). There is another awful element that must forever consume the soul that dies in sin---it is called hell. You see my dear friends, hell is a natural destination for such a soul. It would not even head heavenwardthat would be unnatural! What we are saying is that man, in his natural state, is totally depraved. No amount of religioning can ever make him acceptable before his Maker. Nicodemus tried that route and he was told that it counted for nothing---he was still blind and unable to see the kingdom of God. It was therefore necessary that an action from outside Nicodemus should be exerted on him if he was to see the kingdom of God (whom he thought he was serving). Amen, Amen, I say to you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again. Jn.3:3. The mystery of the New Birth is beyond human description or understanding, and yet it is as real as the mystery of the wind (Jn.3:8). God, its creator, is responsible for its source, direction and effects. God is responsible for the New Birth. We are told here that the person who is born again is born of the Spirit (Jn.3:8). In Jn.1:13, we are told that such a person is born of God. In a word, the new birth is a re-creative act of God on a dead soul (see 2 Cor.5:17). What we do know, is that Gods Spirit operates through the word, through the proclamation of the gospel... (C.H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of the N.T., p.265). The Spirits creative power does the following 1. Illuminates the ignorant mind (2 Cor.4:6), ...to give us the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Christ. A poor, graphic example is that of my religion...what, you mean I am not a Christian...? That happened 40 years ago in a school hall at DKSTS336. HE made me see the hollowness of my so-called Christianity that night and I pleaded for help from Christ! 2. Influences the will---making it captive to Christ; the preached word of God demolishes strongholds...making every thought captive to Christ (2 Cor.10:5). Elsewhere, the true apostle Paul says ...I want to know Christ... (Phil.3:10)

336

I.e. David Kaunda Secondary Technical School (DKSTS)

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3. Introduces new affections; ...I consider them rubbish... I remember telling my friends the next day that I had become a Christian the previous night---Alfred, what have you been all these years? I would reply, All I know is that I was born again last night, I dont care what I was before! In other words, the Spirits power totally transforms the person that they become a new creature; the person is born from above by a heavenly act which can never be put in words. When He calls out, you hear his recreative voice and follow Him (Jn.10:26, 27). That is what He does and that so acts upon the dead soul that several things happen in an instance: It awakes from its deathly slumber; ...Awake O sleeper, and Christ shall give you life... Eph.5:14 It sees its awful peril and cries out for help; like Peter, it cries out Lord save me (Mat.14:30). And there is an assurance which says ...and whoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved Rom.10:13. It recognizes that it is responsible for its deathly slumber; like the prodigal son, it saysI have sinned against heaven... Lk.15:21. This is called confession of sin which leads on to repentance. You not see how your acts destroyed your relationship with the God of your creation, but also how those acts were destroying you and militating against you. You see that you were your own destroyer. Now you have seen the destructive elements of what you thought was life! You must turn away from them to serve the true God (1 Thes.1:9). You see these things because you have now been transferred from the kingdom of darkness to that of light (Col.1:13). The new birth makes you detest the evils of your heart. If you find that sin is as sweet as it ever were, then you are not born again! You have not seen the kingdom of God nor have you entered it. It sees the solution to its perilous state in the proclaimed Christ and flees to Him, pleading for forgiveness and salvation; like the disciples, it says Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life. Jn. 6:68 By the time all this takes place, Gods prevenient grace will have been in operation upon that soul---drawing it to Himself in sovereign grace (Jn.6:44, 65). This happens to any soul in any state be it religious or otherwise. I was steeped in legalistic religion (SDA) at the time I saw the light in Christ (August 1969) through a simple gospel message preached by a CMML missionary. A man was trapped in a very dark cave for a number of days. While in that cave, he had heard some sounds but did not care to think what made those sounds. One day a flooding beam of light shone in that cave and suddenly, he
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saw a black mamba coiled up by itself, not too far from him (you can finish off the story!). That man lived with death all the days he was in that cave and he was not aware of its presence! The drama that resulted from this snaky story is like that of an awaken soul. An action from elsewhere reveals the danger and provides the solution. The soul sees, and flees to safety in Christ. Here is how George Whitefield (through Charles Wesley) described his new birth, Long my imprisoned spirit lay, fast bound in sin and natures night; Thine eye diffused a quickening ray, I woke, the dungeon flamed with light; my chains fell off, my heart was free; I rose, went forth, and followed Thee. Has this happened to all of us here? Is someone in here just comfortable with churching, doctrining and religioning? Have you truly seen the light of salvation in the face of Christ? For without the new birth, you cannot even begin to understand the gospel of Christ or recognise its demands. The gospel is Christ and Christ alone. Are you born again? I am not saying Have you accepted Christ?, but Are you born again by the actions of the Holy Spirit through the preached word? Amen, Amen, I say to you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again; from this revolutionary statement, we have noted the The New Birth ...unless he is born again. What could be better than this in describing the new birth? But we must transition to yet another theological bulwark, R Tudor Jones. 39. R Tudur Jones337 (28 June 1921 - 23 July 1998): A very solid Calvinistic Welsh theologian and perhaps preacher. Reputed to have been the most influential Welsh Protestant after the decline of Welsh Calvinism. The Doctor authored several high quality works both spiritual and national. Born in Tyddyn Gwyn,Wales, Tudor Jones grew up in a Christian family and went to school there. His interest in Church history was aroused by his teacher SM Houghton who read Church history with him for some time. Being a brilliant young man, he attended University of Wales, Bangor, graduating with a degree and then went to Oxford to pursue further studies. He would then Pastor briefly before taking up an academic post at the Bala-Bangor Theological College from where he eventually retired only to be recalled at the University of Wales-Bangor as professor of religion. Jones diligently laboured there for nearly a decade and then finally retired in 1997. Tudur Jones went to be with the Lord shortly after that, having distinguished himself not only as a scholar (authored over 341 books!) but as preacher, contender for the faith and nationalist, in an age when the Welsh had long abandoned the faith. Certainly, Wales shows abundant evidence of
337

Refer to this site for more detail: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Tudur_Jones , accessed on 10/08/2010

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Gods great work in the past. May He visit that land again soon. Jones was no doubt modernistic in his theology on regeneration. 40. Andrew Stenhouse (1899-1991). First missionary to Chile hailing from Scotland. He was a very godly saint belonging to the brethren society that seriously detested denominationalism or any sectarian tendencies. He held very strong views on various subjects such as the true church, simplicity in worship, Parity of elders, independence of assemblies and the necessity of a regenerate membership. Although he was rather stern and dogmatic, Stenhouse stands out as a very clear minded theologian whose heart was not only regenerate but loved the redeemed of the Lord. His writings are replete with the doctrine of regeneration, clearly unmistakably so! We could quote a host of other equally influential theologians on the subject of regeneration such as Briscoe Stuart, E J Young, Professor Donald McLeod, Dr Witcomb, Dr Henry Morris, Dr Ferrel Griswold, Dr Greg Bahnsen, Francis Schaeffer, Ronald Eskinazi, Martin Holt, Brian Stone, Errol Hulse, Joe Kapolyo, Kennedy Sunkuntu, Dr Grave Singogo, Raphael Judge Banda, Paul Mutemi, Sky Banda, AW Tozer, Tim Trumper, Nervous Mumba (as the Evangelist not politician), Joshua Banda, Pukuta Mwanza, Paul Mususu, Nsenduluka, Beston Chileya, Jonathan Mwalimu, Emmanuel Sakala and a host of others. These all hold some aspect of regeneration though from different perspectives. Some are thorough going Calvinists while others have Pelagian, Semi-Pelagian or Arminian inclinations and hence hold a synergistic kind of regeneration. We now dive into the 21st century before proceeding to other sources and authorities that we must summon for our treatise. The 21st Century and beyond The 21st century poses its own unique challenges for the Christian faith, especially Biblical Christianity. The challenge is heightened by the fact that many churches and individuals have embraced relativism to the core and thus will not entirely submit to the authority of scripture. Many now view the Bible as a mere guide and not binding. Further, many do not trust or rely on the divinely inspired page, thinking that perhaps there could be some errors here and there which science will eventually expose, to the embarrassment of the saint! That is a needless fear because science and the Bible have never been enemies, let alone at variance. The scriptures were written with specific divine intent to demonstrate divine revelation. The stream of preachers who are resolutely convinced of these biblical truths are few and far between. The devastating effects of liberalism are now having their harvest and full effect, which makes one having a strategic eye into the future to tremble. However, there is hope that a remnant still will stand firm and soldier on into the future for many generations to come. In this century therefore, we focus on the frontline foot soldiers that have been set apart to work, defend the truth or preach the gospel to the salvation of sinners. It is heart warming to know that even in this age, God has his 7,000 who
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have not bowed the knee to the Baal of the times. May we see an increasing number of heralds deep into future generations and centuries! Isaac Makashinyi stands at the door of this century, with a clear mind, sound theology, great Greek insight and a powerful preaching/delivery voice, not to mention his modernistic theology! 1. Isaac Makashinyi (1970-): An amazing new generation scholar and preacher among Zambian Reformed Baptist pastors. He had very useful things to say on Regeneration in an editorial of the Reformation Zambia magazine of 2006: A proper understanding of the new birth is crucial to the Christian faith. If our view of the new birth is unbiblical , it will affect and compromise our understanding of other important doctrines such as the doctrines of God, original sin, human ability, predestination etc.....It is sad that there are many professing Christians today who are twice ignorant as Nicodemus was on this important doctrine. Sadder still is the fact that the teaching on the new birth is far from being Biblical. This is not in the least surprising to keen students of Church history. There has been no time period when the church has been entirely free from error and heresy. Today, as it has been in the past, we are confronted with many errors concerning the new birth. Perverted versions of this truth abound among many evangelicals and liberal Christians... The Bible describes regeneration as spiritual birth, a spiritual recreation, and a spiritual resurrection....It is said that George Whitefield preached over two thousand times on John 3:3, I tell you the truth, no one can see the Kingdom of God unless he is born again. When asked why he preached so often on the new birth, he replied, Because you must be born again! May we, with the help of the Spirit, examine ourselves and search our hearts in the light of Scripture, and be certain that we stand on Christ the solid rock, with the hope of heaven firm and secure, because Christ has saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal of the Holy Spirit (Titus 3:5). Makashinyi raises some very pertinent points worth noting by every saint in Zion for a tragedy has struck. Ignorance is the fertile ground for error. There is need to revive this great doctrine, as it once was preached abroad by Whitefield and others in centuries gone by. 2. John Hendryx (?): A very serious and deep Calvinistic thinker whose identity is not very clear on the internet. Whatever the case, whether he is a real live person on not, what John says is eye catching. We quote one of his classic articles on regeneration at length: The following shows three major ways the Spirit works to convert sinners: I. Regeneration is described as a spiritual new birth. 1. This is affirmed in the following New Testament passages: John 1:12-13; 3:3-8; I Corinthians 4:15; Philemon 10; James 1:18; I Peter 1:3, 23; I John 2:29; 3:9; 4:7; 5:1, 4, 18.
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2. The embryonic stage of regeneration is what is called "quickening", and it is the work of the Holy Spirit alone. 3. The final stage of regeneration is delivery or birth, and it is the work of the Holy Spirit in dependence upon the Word as a means. Consequently, the spiritual knowledge conferred by illumination is the spiritual content or revelation (Holy Scripture). 4. J I Packer says, "Infants do not induce, or cooperate in, their own procreation and birth; no more can those who are 'dead in trespasses and sins' prompt the quickening operation of God's Spirit within them." II. Regeneration is described as a spiritual re-creation 1. The following New Testament passages affirm this: II Corinthians 5:17; Galatians 6:15; Ephesians 2:10; 4:24. 2. When an elect sinner is regenerated, he undergoes a second birth and becomes a new creature. 3. While belief in the gospel makes man an active participant in Salvation, the Holy Spirit must first implant the desires which enable Him to see and apprehend God's beauty and excellency. In this respect man is utterly passive since such a sense is not within his independent natural affections, capacity or desires. III. Regeneration is likened unto a spiritual resurrection. 1. The following New Testament passages affirm this truth: John 5:24-26; Romans 6:13; Ephesians 1:19-20; 2:5; Colossians 2:13; I John 3:14. 2. When he/she is regenerated, the sinner, having been quickened, passes from spiritual death unto spiritual life. 3. Just a Jesus, when calling Lazarus out of the grave, did not ask for permission, so the dead sinner does not play a role in his spiritual resurrection nor make a contribution to God's spiritual work. Spiritual affections, which give rise to the desire to come to Christ, are only possible though regeneration, the sovereign act of a merciful God. This re-creation generates the effects of repentance and faith. Many modern-day churches have abandoned this biblical teaching which was recovered at the Reformation. Some pastors turn the truth on its head and say that a mans autonomous faith is what produces the new birth. But this fails to account for the existence of spiritual desires ... where did they get them? ...and especially, prior to conversion, why do some men have such spiritual affections and not others? This utterly fails to recognize the depth of our hostile unspiritual heart condition, prior to salvation, nor does it account for the existence of spiritual affections at all. Such a wonderful gift does not appear out of thin air ... no ... it derives its source and benefit from the person and work of Christ alone.338 From this
338

Quoted from internet published paper, accessed on 13/07/2010

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position, we can see that Hendryx has done some serious home work and thus comes up with strong statements. Following his reasoning and exegesis, it is abundantly clear that monergism is his position. 3. Clement Kaunda (1966-): A passionate earnest preacher, Pastor Kaunda has held the new birth for many years. In an article, The necessity and nature of regeneration, he had this to say about the great doctrine: although it is impossible to heal ourselves from sin and its consequences, with God it is possible. Scripture declares, With God nothing will be impossible (Luke 1:37). God sets men free by regenerating them. The subject of regeneration is one which we find in the scriptures and is a very important one, yet it is insufficiently expounded in the pulpits today. Inspite of the clear teaching from Gods word about it, there are still many misunderstandings. The scriptures, both the Old and the New Testament, are replete with teachings about it....The Bible uses many different metaphors to describe regeneration, such as a) Being again or being born from above (John 3:3). Both meanings are intended in this passage. It is called the new birth or being born again from above because it has a striking analogy to the natural birth in that it is the beginning of spiritual life. It is the moment when life in imparted to a spiritual dead person...b) Being born of God (I John 1:13). Regeneration is such a big change that those who experience it are said to be born of God. It means that change which takes place in the heart of a sinner is accomplished by the power of God alone...c) The first resurrection. This may surprise the pre- and post millennialists who believe that the first resurrection in Revelation 20:4-5 is the resurrection of the body. If you compare John 5:25 most assuredly, I say to you the hour is coming and now is when the dead will hear the voice of the son of God and those who hear will live with Revelation 20:4-5, it must be obvious that the first resurrection in the book of Revelation is not that of the body, but that of the soul....d) Taking out the heart of stone and being given a heart of flesh (Ezekiel 36:26).....in talking more about the nature of regeneration, Kaunda says: a) The new birth is the supernatural working of the Holy Spirit. He renews the human heart by his powerful grace. The heart is the deepest point of the human person. The Holy Spirit acts on it; hence a sinner does not contribute anything to the new life imparted to him by God...b) The Spirit renews the heart instantaneously. The renewal is not in phases nor is it a process like sanctification. The Spirit renews the heart by giving the light of the knowledge of the glory of god in the face of Jesus Christ. Although a person is not entirely sanctified or made sinless at the time of regeneration, the principle of holiness is implanted in the heart....c) The Spirit works sovereignly and mysteriously in his renewal of the human heart. The Lord told Nicodemus,
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The wind blows where it wills and you hear its sound, but you do not know where it comes from and where it goes (John 3:8)...we cannot understand the operation of the Spirit as he renews the heart. We are only conscious of the effects that follow....d) Regeneration is a basic and radical change. People do not enter the kingdom of God by trying on their own to improve their moral lives... A soul that once wallowed in sin is set free from bondage of sin... Jesus sets free from bondage of sin by regeneration. In the new birth, a vital principle of holiness is implanted in the heart. So those who are born again become slaves of righteousness. They become partakers of his divine nature and imitators of God...where regeneration takes place, repentance and faith will follow. Scriptures sometimes speak of both of them as one. Conversion is never nullified in regeneration; man still needs to repent and believe in the lord Jesus...339Pastor Kaunda has spoken well and quoted the right authorities. It is instructive to think about the past and current errors have taught and then showing the correct position. This is what Clement successfully achieves in this write up. 4. Solomon Muntanga Sibalwa (1964-)340: A very devoted servant of the Lord and has spent many years working in rural Zambia as theologian, preacher, teacher, consultant and lecturer. Muntanga is a minister in the Church of Christ but held different position in the corporate world before sensing the call. He is presently a Doctorate candidate having done his Ms Div years ago. He too holds regeneration and has said the following: What is regeneration? In the Greek the word means new birth, rebirth or reproduction. Although the word occurs only two times in the New Testament, the texts refer to the new birth or rebirth or the new nature. Regeneration occurs when a person repents of his sins and accepts Jesus Christ as his personal saviour341 It is seen clearly in Titus 3:5 that it is the role of the Holy Spirit to regenerate. Regeneration is the giving of a new nature, the nature of God342 It is not the work done by ourselves but by His mercy we are saved. Solomon goes further to give what he terms, results of regeneration at length: 1. One receives a new nature343 2. Sins are forgiven344 3. One becomes a part of the body of Christ345 4. One receives the seal of the Holy Spirit346. One receives the Holy Spirit to dwell in him.347 Although the ordo salutis
339 340

Reformation Zambia 2006 pp 3-7 Issue # 008 This section is a written statement by Solomon Sibalwa on regeneration and constitutes his personal position relating to Regeneration. 341 Romans 10:9, 10; 6:1-6;John 3:3-5 342 2 Peter 1:4 343 Romans 6:1-13 344 Acts 2:38 345 I Corinthians 12:13 346 Ephesians 1:13;4:30 347 Romans 5:5;8:9

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may at first appear reversed, our fears are soon allayed when we further read the Pastors description of the nature of regeneration. It is definitely a modernistic position. 5. N R Needham (): A famous Church historian having worked on three of five volumes relating to 2,000 years of Christs power. His writings are not only easily comprehensible but pungent with doctrine, historical facts and an unusual allure that keeps one engaged. Needham writes in a way that both informs and updates ones knowledge. As the world awaits his fourth and fifth volumes to complete his mammoth task of completing all the volumes, one does well to devour his first three volumes. Clearly, Dr Needham is a Reformed thinker of the Augustinian type. His views on regeneration are therefore modernistic. Like in the previous section, we do have many other witnesses who we have not quoted. We have in mind names like Pastors Sichalwe, Kayombo Ndonji, Joseph Phiri, Emmanuel Sakala and Lawrence Lama among others who have valiantly championed the Reformed cause in these degenerate times. It is prudent for us to now turn specifically to written documented works to further buttress our thinking and position. Works and thoughts Having sampled the thinking of some of the leading thinkers of yesterday and today, we now proceed to consider some definitions and views about those same respective definitions. Since our position is modernistic, the bulk of the definitions will by that token have that slant, unless otherwise stated. Definitions of regeneration There are many definitions of regeneration on offer though there may not be as many interpretations of it. In this section, we sample some of the foremost definitions on offer and then construct or synthesise our own definition. We commence with the venerable Robert Dabney. In his Systematic Theology, Dabney defines regeneration under the heading Regeneration Properly Definedas: But we prove that regeneration is not a mere change of the human purpose, occurring in view of motive, but a supernatural renovation of the dispositions which determine the moral purpose, and of the understanding in the apprehension of moral and spiritual truth, the whole resulting in a permanent and fundamental conversion in the actings of the whole man as to sin and holiness: the flesh and God. To such a change the human will is utterly inadequate and irrelevant, because the change goes back of the will. It is therefore a divine and almighty work of the Father and Son through the Holy Spirit, as Their Agent. And this conception of regeneration is in strict conformity with that view of the nature of the will, which
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we saw a correct psychology dictate. It distinguishes properly between motive and inducement, the former being subjective, the latter objective; the former being the efficient, the latter only the occasion, of rational volition. So, our view recognizes the practical truth, that the subjective disposition is decisive of all rational volitioni. e., that the free agent chooses according to his moral nature, because his own moral nature decides how he shall view inducements. And we also concur with that practical view, which regards subjective character as a permanent and uniform cause, communicating regularly its own quality to the series of moral volition. This character is, in the sinner, carnal. To make the conduct spiritual, the character must be renewed.348 Wayne Grudems definition: Regeneration is a secret act of God in which he imparts new spiritual life to us. This is sometimes called Being born again (Using language from John 3:38).349 From this definition, we can see that regeneration is firstly an act of God done once and for all. Secondly, it is a mysterious act of God past tracing out by the human eye. Thirdly, when it does take place, new life is imparted or implanted in a soul. Wayne excellently weaves his words together to get this potent definition together so that we can see John 3 for what it was really meant to communicate. Alexander Cruden (1699-1770) has this definition in his classic complete concordance on the Holy Bible of 1737: Regeneration or new birth, is the change and renovation of the soul by the Spirit and grace of God, John 3:5, 6. Clearly, we can see that Cruden had the correct view of this doctrine because in his definition he states several important aspects. Firstly, he mentions that it is a new birth whereby someone starts a new life on a clean slate. Secondly, he says that this change is a renovation of the soul, a new start up altogether where the inward disposition or new qualities are introduced into person when s/he is enlightened. Thirdly, Alexander says that it is the work the Holy Spirit does. He initiates this transformation. Lastly he mentions that this is purely as a result of the grace of God and thus removing all human boasting. The Websters Universal Dictionary defines regeneration as to renew, give new life to; to be reborn spiritually; to reorganize; to produce anew350 while the Websters Universal Thesaurus351 defines it as to Reproduce; renovate, revive, change, convert, renew, sanctify, born again, reformed, regenerated. Though these documents are related and published by the same source, they capture some of the important salient points in relation to regeneration. Words like renew, give life, reborn spiritually, renovate, revive etc all point to this idea of starting afresh from what previously had either died or was not functional for a long time. In our case it would point to starting afresh after the fall in Adam. Though the dictionary may be secular and general, it none the less catches some aspects of the essence of regeneration.
348 349

Chapter 22 of Dabneys Systematic Theology Pp 699 systematic theology Intervarsity Press, 1994 350 Websters Universal Dictionary, Geddes & Grosset, 2006 pp240 351 Websters Universal Thesaurus pp 228

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Another worthy dictionary necessary to consult is The Smiths Bible Dictionary352 which in essence is a dictionary dedicated to define Biblical terms and concepts. This dictionary defines the regeneration as: Birth into new spiritual life (John 3:3), and thus becoming a new creature (2 Corinthians 5:17), and being made part takers of the Divine Nature (2 Peter 1:4) by means of the Holy Spirit (John 3:4). The washing of regeneration alludes to the purifying by the Holy Spirit (Titus 3:5). The especial work of the Holy Spirit in restoring man to the original image of God. Although many words are used in this book to clarify or define the new birth, it is abundantly clear that it is a spiritual birth and essentially the work of the Holy Spirit when renovating a soul back to its original state where corruption is dealt with. The next source we turn to for our definition is the East Bible Dictionary. This dictionary gives us one of the most comprehensive descriptions we have on regeneration. It says: Regeneration is, therefore, the spiritual change wrought in peoples hearts by an act of God in which their inherently sinful nature is changed and by which they are enabled to respond to God in faith....Regeneration is an act of God by which a person is thus released and by which he may exercise the dispositions of a freed nature....Regeneration is, therefore, an act of God through the immediate agency of the Holy Spirit operative in man (Col 2:13), originating in him a new dimension of moral life, a resurrection to new life in Christ. The new life is not merely a neutral state arising out of forgiveness of sin, but a positive implantation of Christs righteousness in a man, by which he is quickened (John 5:21), begotten (I John 5:1), and given a new life (Rom 6:4)....Regeneration involves an illumination of the mind, a change in the will, and a renewed nature. It extends to the total nature of man, irrevocably altering his governing disposition, and restoring him to a true experiential knowledge in Christ. It is a partaking of the divine nature (2 Peter 1:4), a principle of life having been implanted in the heart....The efficient cause of regeneration is God (I John 3:9) acting in love through mercy (Ephesians 2:4-5) to secure the new life in man through the instrument of his word (I Peter 1:23)...In Regeneration, the soul is both passive and active: Passive while still in bondage to sin and active when it is released...353 We can clearly see that regeneration is primarily and solely the work of God whereby He imparts a principle of life in the once dead sinner. In recent times, there has been need to redefine or may we say to reassert the Biblical position in the light of the many definitions of regeneration available on the market. Thus, Sinclair Ferguson alongside other authorities have given a concise and yet comprehensive definition or description of the essence of the doctrine in the New Dictionary of Theology as given below: Regeneration or new birth (Titus 3:5; John 3:3; I Peter 1:3) describes the inner renewal by the Spirit of God, which takes place when a person becomes a Christian. The decisive historical grounds for this renewal are the coming of Jesus Christ and for his vicarious death (Titus 2:12; 3:4, 6; John 3:16).
352 353

The Smiths Bible Dictionary, Barbour and company, Inc, 1987, pp 259 Pp851-2 Douglas D J & Tenney C Merrill (editors), Bible Dictionary, Zondervan , 1963

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A person receives forgiveness of sins through belief in Christ, and is born again to a life characterised by faith, love and hope. The biblical teaching on regeneration includes the following emphases: a. It is not the result of human endeavour, but a creative act of Gods spirit (John 1:13) b. It is a once for all event, in which God substantially intervenes in a persons life (Titus 3:5, saved; cf the contrast between the past and the present in vv.3-5) c. It includes being added to the family of God: the regenerated person becomes a child of God: the regenerated person becomes a child of God, and is also incorporated into the fellowship of the children of God354 As the world becomes more secular, relative and liberal, so also the language and definition of terms. Thus it was necessary to come up with a unique dictionary that retains the original meanings in the Biblical sense as well as help stick to the authorial intent. The Complete Christian Dictionary for home, school and office has filled in this gap. This dictionary is brisk and retains most of the Biblical terms as they are originally meant to be defined. It says on regeneration: New birth by the grace of God; that change but which the will and natural enmity of man to God and his law are subdued, and a principle of supreme love to God and his law are implanted in the heart: when the kindness and love of God our saviour toward man appeared, not of works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his (Gods) mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration and renewing of the holy Spirit, whom he poured out on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our saviour (Titus 3:4-6 NKJV)355 It is evident that the definitions may vary here and there as they emphasise different aspects but essentially they speak or communicate the same idea, that of God initiating and imparting spiritual life to dead sinners. How then can we coin a definition for ourselves? What would it look like and what would be its slant? We attempt a definition which may not be entirely comprehensive but representative we trust, here goes: Regeneration is that instantaneous act of God the Holy Spirit in a soul whereby He initiates, quickens, enables and imparts life to the dead sinner to respond to the gospel call. This definition highlights some points worth noting. Firstly, it brings to the fore the aspect that this is instantaneous and probably all pervasive. Secondly that it is solely an act of God who initiates this work. In other words, it is a once for all act. Thirdly, it is God the Holy Spirit who specifically applies the work of redemption (although we can equally argue that the entire Trinity is involved in this work). Fourthly, the definition points out the actual actions that God does in regeneration and these are: Initiating, quickening, empowering the will to choose Christ, as well as imparts eternal life now that the person is alive to eternal realities. The last point in the definition highlights the total depravity and effectual call of God upon the soul. From this definition we can also see that a person will only respond to the gospel having been regenerated not before.
354 355

The New Dictionary of Theology pp 574 The Complete Christian Dictionary for home, school and office pp 572

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One of the good illustrations of regeneration is one offered by David Dunlap. It is by no means a perfect or comprehensive description but gives a lively idea that would resonate to the modern mind: In 1883 on the island of Krakatao, in the Straits of Sunda, a volcano erupted, splitting mountains from top to bottom and scattering rock, landscape, and debris into the sea. Nothing was left of the island but a lifeless mass 100 feet deep of lava and volcanic ash. Observers estimated that 36,000 people lost their lives, thereby making this one of the deadliest eruptions in history. Scientists declared positively that no animal or vegetable life would be able to survive. Nevertheless, over the next three years, flowers and ferns began to sprout out of the dark soil. Seeds had been carried there by the wind and the sea. By 1897, many portions of the ground were covered with vegetation. Soon the entire island was covered with plant growth, and an array of birds, animals, and insects populated the island. This account vividly illustrates what takes place spiritually when the life of God completely transforms the sin-darkened souls of men through faith in Christ. The name the Bible gives for this experience is regeneration or quickening (KJV). In defining regeneration, he gives us this classic definition: What is regeneration? Regeneration is the one-time experience of receiving new life in Christ, when the work of a new creation is begun, and the process of sanctification is set in motion. The regenerate man is no longer the man he once was. By virtue of the work of the Holy Spirit, the new life (created after the image of God) has come into the souls of men. This new nature has its own desires, affections, and intereststhey are all spiritual, rooted in Christ, and God-centred. That which is born of the Spirit is spirit; the new nature is spiritual, for it shares the nature of the One who imparts it. The believer is made a partaker of the divine nature... (2 Peter 1:4). However, the old nature remains within the believer, struggling with the new356 That said, there are different views on regenerations and we merely mention some of them just now: 1. Augustines view of regeneration was modernistic (God alone regenerates) while conversion is synergistic (man co-operating with God in conversion)357. 2. In Augustines day, some people however felt that there should be middle ground, called semi-Pelagianism (or would we call them the semi-Augustinians?). This view bears a character of original sin though not definite enough. They acknowledge some aspects of original sin, hence this Truth champion (Augustine) was relatively softer on them than the pure Pelagians whom he regarded heretics.

Source: http://www.middletownbiblechurch.org/reformed/ddregen.htm, accessed on 26/08/2010. This site is not a Calvinistic or Reformed school of thought per se but attempts to give an accurate position of the Reformed position though must be read with meticulous due care. It actually appears to have a semi-Pelagian slant. 357 As quoted from Conrad Mbewe, lecture on Controversy on Anthropology in History, Reformed Baptist Preachers College,1995

356

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3. John Calvin held that Regeneration was life-long although some of his definitions give the impression that it is an instantaneous work of God in which a person is radically transformed. The original Greek text rendering: The Greek word Palingenesia i.e. born again or to be restored is used to denote regeneration and is only used twice in the entire New Testament. It is used in Matthew 19:28 and Titus 3:5 and as some authorities have written, we break this down as given below: The Greek word Palingenesia (Palin= again, genesia= birth) is used by classical writers with reference to the changes produced by the return of spring. In Matthew 19:28 the word is equivalent to the restitution of all things (Acts 3:21). In Titus 3:5 it denotes that change of heart elsewhere spoken of as passing from death to life (I John 3:14); becoming a new creature in Christ (2 Corinthians 5:17); born again (John 3:5); a renewal of mind (Rom 12:2); a resurrection from the dead (Eph 2:6); a being quickened (2:1,5). This change is ascribed to the Holy Spirit. It originates not with man but with God (john 1:12, 13; I John 2:29; 5: 1, 4). As to the nature of the change, it consists in the implanting of a new principle or disposition in the soul; the impartation of spiritual life to those who are by nature dead in trespasses and sins. The necessity of such a change is emphatically affirmed in scripture (John 3:3; Romans 7:18;8:7-9; 1 Corinthians 2:14; Ephesians 2:1; 4:21-24)358 Another Monumental work we consulted is Vines complete expository dictionary which gave Greek equivalents as well as some exegetical insights into the word of God. The said dictionary also gave the other texts in which the same etymological root word in used. This is what Vine says: Palingenesia new birth, is used of spiritual regeneration, Titus 3:5, involving the communication of a new life, the two operating powers to produce which are the word of truth,... The new birth and regeneration do not represent successive stages in spiritual experience, they refer to the same event but view it in different aspects. The new birth stresses the communication of spiritual death; regeneration stresses the inception of a new state of things in contrast with the old; hence the connection of the use of the word with its application to Israel, in Matthew 19:28. Some regard the kai in Titus 3:5 as epexegetic, even; but, as scripture marks two distinct yet associated operating powers, there is not sufficient ground for this interpretation...359

358

http://www.geocities.com/vinetechsystems, (c) 2007 Rotimi F. Fasola

359

Vine, William Edwy (1873-1949),Vines Complete expository dictionary, Thomas Nelsons publishers 1968, pp 517

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We trust that it has been demonstrated that even the original language usage confirms our position on regeneration360. But our case is not yet rested, we must still turn to other witnesses hence before we finally rest our case at the end of this mammoth chapter.

The testimony of the Confessions, creeds, councils and synods


The 1645 Westminster Confession of faith This was a land mark confession that was written over time by a group of solid Puritans of the day. They convened in the Jerusalem Chamber of the Westminster Assembly hall. The spiritual giants of the day meticulously examined the scriptures and synthesized what they thought represented what Gods word spoke or said. Names like Jeremiah Burroughs, Richard Baxter, John Bunyan, Thomas Case, Richard Sibbes and John Owen were among the great minds that graced those august sessions. Although the Puritans had different persuasions and leanings on different points, they none the less delivered a master piece which has stood the test of time even to this day. Many were infralapsarian Calvinists while others were Supralapsarian and this comes out in the final product though the average Calvinist may not detect this. Professor William S Barker II has done an excellent analysis of these godly men. His book, Puritan Profiles is a well worth read by any serious Puritan scholar. What we present therefore, is the final product that was presented to the world even after final amendments by Owen and Goodwin361: Chapter 10, of effectual calling: 1. All those whom God hath predestinated unto life, and those only, he is pleased in his appointed and accepted time effectually to call by his Word and Spirit, out of that state of sin and death in which they are by nature, to grace and salvation by Jesus Christ; enlightening their minds spiritually and savingly to understand the things of God, taking away their heart of stone, and giving unto them an heart of flesh; renewing their wills, and by his almighty power determining them to that which is good; and effectually drawing them to Jesus Christ; yet so, as they come most freely, being made willing by his grace. 2. This effectual call is of God's free and special grace alone, not from anything at all foreseen in man, who is altogether passive therein, until being quickened and renewed by the Holy Spirit he is thereby enabled to answer this call, and to embrace the grace offered and conveyed in it. 3. Elect infants dying in infancy, are regenerated and saved by Christ, who worketh when, and where, and how he pleaseth: so also are all other elect persons who are incapable of being outwardly called by the ministry of the Word.

360

Although admittedly some words remain ambiguous even after reverting to the original languages. This unfortunately gives room for subtle scripture twisters to advance their cause. 361 About 1657/58?

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4. Others not elected. although they may be called by the ministry of the Word, and may have some common operations of the Spirit, yet not being effectually drawn by the Father, they neither do nor can come unto Christ, and therefore cannot be saved: much less can men not professing the Christian religion, be saved in any other way whatsoever, be they never so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of nature, and the law of that religion they do profess: and to assert and maintain that they may, is very pernicious, and to be detested. The Shorter catechism This is the Westminster Confession in shorter form, in other words, it is a mini confession with scripture proofs. Interestingly, there is also the large catechism of the same said document. For now we quote questions 31 & 32 which deal with Effectual calling and its benefits: Q. 31. What is effectual calling? A. Effectual calling is the work of Gods Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ,[86] and renewing our wills,[87] he doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ,[88] freely offered to us in the gospel.[89] Q. 32. What benefits do they that are effectually called partake of in this life? A. They that are effectually called do in this life partake of justification, adoption, and sanctification, and the several benefits which in this life do either accompany or flow from them.[90] The Helvetic Confession of Switzerland (first and second) This confession has some important points from which we can learn many things. Although ancient, it is amazingly accurate on many vital points. For now, we turn to the ninth chapter of that confession: CHAPTER IX362

Of Free Will, and Thus of Human Powers


In this matter, which has always produced many conflicts in the Church, we teach that a threefold condition or state of man is to be considered. WHAT MAN WAS BEFORE THE FALL. There is the state in which man was in the beginning before the fall, namely, upright and free, so that he could both continue in goodness and decline to evil. However, he declined to evil, and has involved himself and the whole human race in sin and death, as has been said already.
362

Source: http://www.ccel.org/creeds/helvetic.htm, accessed on 02/09/2010

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WHAT MAN WAS AFTER THE FALL. Then we are to consider what man was after the fall. To be sure, his reason was not taken from him, nor was he deprived of will, and he was not entirely changed into a stone or a tree. But they were so altered and weakened that they no longer can do what they could before the fall. For the understanding is darkened, and the will which was free has become an enslaved will. Now it serves sin, not unwillingly but willingly. And indeed, it is called a will, not an unwill (ing). [Etenim voluntas, non noluntas dicitur.] MAN DOES EVIL BY HIS OWN FREE WILL. Therefore, in regard to evil or sin, man is not forced by God or by the devil but does evil by his own free will, and in this respect he has a most free will. But when we frequently see that the worst crimes and designs of men are prevented by God from reaching their purpose, this does not take away man's freedom in doing evil, but God by his own power prevents what man freely planned otherwise. Thus Joseph's brothers freely determined to get rid of him, but they were unable to do it because something else seemed good to the counsel of God. MAN IS NOT CAPABLE OF GOOD Per Se. In regard to goodness and virtue man's reason does not judge rightly of itself concerning divine things. For the evangelical and apostolic Scripture requires regeneration of whoever among us wishes to be saved. Hence our first birth from Adam contributes nothing to out salvation. Paul says: "The unspiritual man does not receive the gifts of the Spirit of God," etc. (I Cor. 2:14). And in another place he denies that we of ourselves are capable of thinking anything good (II Cor. 3:5) Now it is known that the mind or intellect is the guide of the will, and when the guide is blind, it is obvious how far the will reaches. Wherefore, man not yet regenerate has no free will for good, no strength to perform what is good. The Lord says in the Gospel: "Truly, truly, I say to you, everyone who commits sin is a slave to sin" (John 8:34). And the apostle Paul says: "The mind that is set on the flesh is hostile to God; it does not submit to God's law, indeed it cannot" (Rom. 8:7). Yet in regard to earthly things, fallen man is not entirely lacking in understanding. UNDERSTANDING OF THE ARTS. For God in his mercy has permitted the powers of the intellect to remain, though differing greatly from what was in man before the fall. God commands us to cultivate our natural talents, and meanwhile adds both gifts and success. And it is obvious that we make no progress in all the arts without God's blessing. In any case, Scripture refers all the arts to God; and, indeed, the heathen trace the origin of the arts to the gods who invented them. OF WHAT KIND ARE THE POWERS OF THE REGENERATE, AND IN WHAT WAY THEIR WILLS ARE FREE. Finally, we must see whether the regenerate have free wills, and to what extent. In regeneration the understanding is illumined by the Holy Spirit in order that it many understand both the mysteries and the will of God. And the will itself is not only changed by the Spirit, but it is also equipped with faculties so that it wills and is able to do the good of its own accord (Rom. 8:1ff.). Unless we grant this, we will deny Christian liberty and introduce a legal bondage. But the prophet has God saying: "I will put my law within them, and I will write it upon their hearts" (Jer. 31:33; Ezek. 36:26f.). The Lord also says in the Gospel: "If the Son makes you free, you will be free indeed" (John 8:36). Paul also writes to the Philippians: "It has
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been granted to you that for the sake of Christ you should not only believe in him but also suffer for his sake" (Phil. 1:29). Again: "I am sure that he who began a good work in you will bring it to completion at the day of Jesus Christ" (v. 6). Also: "God is at work in you, both to will and to work for his good pleasure" (ch. 2:13). THE REGENERATE WORK NOT ONLY PASSIVELY BUT ACTIVELY. However, in this connection we teach that there are two things to be observed: First, that the regenerate, in choosing and doing good, work not only passively but actively. For they are moved by God that they may do themselves what they do. For Augustine rightly adduces the saying that "God is said to be our helper. But no one can be helped unless he does something." The Manichaeans robbed man of all activity and made him like a stone or a block of wood. THE FREE WILL IS WEAK IN THE REGENERATE. Secondly, in the regenerate a weakness remains. For since sin dwells in us, and in the regenerate the flesh struggles against the Spirit till the end of our lives, they do not easily accomplish in all things what they had planned. These things are confirmed by the apostle in Rom., ch. 7, and Gal., ch. 5. Therefore that free will is weak in us on account of the remnants of the old Adam and of innate human corruption remaining in us until the end of our lives. Meanwhile, since the powers of the flesh and the remnants of the old man are not so efficacious that they wholly extinguish the work of the Spirit, for that reason the faithful are said to be free, yet so that they acknowledge their infirmity and do not glory at all in their free will. For believers ought always to keep in mind what St. Augustine so many times inculcated according to the apostle: "What have you that you did not receive? If then you received it, why do you boast as if it were not a gift?" To this he adds that what we have planned does not immediately come to pass. For the issue of things lies in the hand of God. This is the reason Paul prayed to the Lord to prosper his journey (Rom. 1:10). And this also is the reason the free will is weak. IN EXTERNAL THINGS THERE IS LIBERTY. Moreover, no one denies that in external things both the regenerate and the unregenerate enjoy free will. For man has in common with other living creatures (to which he is not inferior) this nature to will some things and not to will others. Thus he is able to speak or to keep silent, to go out of his house or to remain at home, etc. However, even here God's power is always to be observed, for it was the cause that Balaam could not go as far as he wanted (Num., ch. 24), and Zacharias upon returning from the temple could not speak as he wanted (Luke, ch.1). HERESIES. In this matter we condemn the Manichaeans who deny that the beginning of evil was for man [created] good, from his free will. We also condemn the Pelagians who assert that an evil man has sufficient free will to do the good that is commanded. Both are refuted by Holy Scripture which says to the former, "God made man upright" and to the latter, "If the Son makes you free, you will be free indeed" (John 8:36). The writers later deal with conversion which buttress the points here raised.

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The Scottish confession363 The Scotts framed their own confession in 1560 to express what they felt was the summary of what the Bible teaches on various key points. This confession also affirms what they believe to be the truth as revealed in the word of God. In Chapter 3 of the said confession, the Scotts clearly demonstrate they belief in original sin as well as the remedy God has given in Christ through the supernatural work of the Holy Spirit in regeneration. They hold an immediate rather than a mediate position on this matter of regeneration. We quote parts of the said confession at length: Chapter 3

Of Original Sin
By which transgression, commonly called Original Sin, was the image of God utterly defaced in man; and he and his posterity of nature became enemies to God, slaves to Satan, and servants to sin;[1] insomuch that death everlasting has had, and shall have, power and dominion over all that have not been, are not, or shall not be regenerated from above: which regeneration is wrought by the power of the Holy Ghost, working in the hearts of the elect of God an assured faith in the promise of God, revealed to us in his word; by which faith we apprehend Christ Jesus, with the graces and benefits promised in him.[2] Scripture proofs given below: 1. Ps. 51:5; Rom. 5:10; 7:5; 2 Tim. 2:26; Eph. 2:1-3. 2. Rom. 5:14, 21 6:23; John 3:5; Rom. 5:1; Phil. 1:29.

The Heidelberg shorter catechism (1563) This confession, in commenting on Gospel preaching says that it opens or shuts the Kingdom of God. It further says: By proclaiming and openly witnessing, according to the command of Christ, to believers, one and all, that, whenever they receive the promise of the gospel by a true faith, all their sins are, really forgiven them of God for the sake of Christs merits; and on the contrary, by proclaiming and witnessing to all unbelievers and such as do not sincerely repent that the wrath of God and eternal condemnation abide on them so long as they are not converted. According to this witness of the gospel God will judge, both in this life and in that which is to come364

363 364

Available on the following site: http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualNLs/ScotConf.htm#CH03 , accessed on 19th July, 2010 Refer to Lords Day XXXI, Answer 84

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The 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith


The Baptist confession of faith is almost word for word derived from the Westminster confession of faith, except a few amendments on an article or two does not have an independent article on Regeneration per se. Instead, it is embedded in article 10 under effectual calling: Those who God has predestination to life, He pleased in His appointed and accepted time to effectually call by His word and Spirit, out of the state of sin and death which they are in by nature, to grace and salvation by Jesus Christ. He enlightens their minds spiritually and savingly to understand the things of God. He takes away their heart of stone and gives them a heart of flesh. He renews their wills, and by His almighty power, causes them to desire and pursue that which is good. He effectually draws to Jesus Christ, yet in such a way that they come absolutely freely, being made willing by His Grace. Article 2 says further: This effectual call is of Gods free and special grace alone, not on account of anything at all foreseen in man....Man is dead in sins and trespasses until quickened (made alive) and renewed by the Holy Spirit. By this he is enabled to answer the call, and to embrace the grace offered and conveyed by it. This enabling power is no less power than that which raised up Christ from the dead... The Lusaka Baptist church Opening the book Bible correspondence course on the book of Titus part three has this to say on verses 57 in relation to salvation, having adequately dealt with the first four verses: What it means to be saved (vs5-7). In these verses Paul moves to explain to us what it means to be saved. Once again these words are packed with meaning and we will seek to unpack them. Paul is saying that three things happen when we are saved: (i) We are made new people by the Spirit of God. In v 5b he says we are saved, through the washing of regeneration and the renewing of the Holy Spirit. There are two key words in this passage: washing and renewing. Both point to the fact that we are made new people. Firstly, Paul makes reference to the washing of regeneration. Regeneration means to be born again. It is when God gives to a person a new heart. We have seen from Ephesians 2:1-2 that before we became Christians we were dead in trespasses. When God saves us the first thing He does is to regenerate us, by which we mean He makes us alive. This is why in Ephesians 2: 1 Paul says to the Ephesians, and you He has made alive who were dead in trespasses and sins. If God is to Minister to a person who is spiritually dead then it is essential that He first gives that person spiritual life. Now in this passage in Titus when Paul refers to the washing of regeneration, he is saying that the work of God in regenerating a person is such that that person becomes a new man. He is no longer what he used to be. He was at one time dead in trespasses and sins, he was an enemy of God, and he was unable to understand the things of God. But when God made him born again he became alive to the things
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of God, he began to understand spiritual truths and to respond to them. He became a new creation (2 Corinthians 5:17). Secondly, in this passage Paul refers to the renewing of the Holy Spirit. It is quite clear that the two phrases washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit are very closely linked. We could say that in this second phrase Paul is alluding to how it is that we are made new people. We are made new people by the power and working of the Holy Spirit. A Christian is a new person. He is no longer what he used to be. Whereas at one time he lived in obedience to the lusts of the flesh he can no longer do so. He is now a new person under a new lord and so lives a changed life. (ii) We are justified by the grace of God (v.7a)....365

The Philadelphia Baptist Confession of Faith


As earlier intimated, The Philadelphia Baptist confession of faith is effectively a replica of the Westminster Confession of faith with the exception of one or two articles. The Baptists agreed with nearly everything that the Puritan party that met in the Jerusalem chamber at the Westminster Abbey when the confession was being crafted. This confession differs with the 1689 Baptist confession of faith366 on one point, # 3 where the Americans (in agreement with the Westminster Confession) felt not all infants are saved at death. They modified that point and used the words Elect infants. That said, this shows that the Baptists in England were in near total agreement with their counter parts across the Atlantic. However, as earlier alluded to, the Baptists did not agree with article on infant baptism with the Westminster and thus left it out. For record purposes, we here quote Chapter 10 on effectual calling as a proof: 10. Effectual Calling367 1. Those whom God has predestinated to life, He is pleased in His appointed and accepted time to effectually call by His Word and Spirit, out of that state of sin and death which they are in by nature, to grace and salvation by Jesus Christ. He enlightens their minds spiritually and savingly to understand the things of God. He takes away their heart of stone and gives to them a heart of flesh. He renews their wills, and by His almighty power, causes them to desire and pursue that which is good. He effectually draws them to Jesus Christ, yet in such a way that they come absolutely freely, being made willing by His grace. 2. This effectual call is of God's free and special grace alone, not on account of anything at all foreseen in man. It is not made because of any power or agency in the creature who is wholly passive in the matter. Man is dead in sins and trespasses until quickened and renewed by the Holy Spirit. By this he is enabled to answer the call, and to embrace the
365 366

refer to pp 13-14 Especially the one edited by CH Spurgeon 367 Visit the following site: http://www.spurgeon.org/~phil/creeds/bcof.htm#part10, accessed on 24/08/2010

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grace offered and conveyed by it. This enabling power is no less power than that which raised up Christ from the dead. 3. Elect infants dying in infancy are regenerated and saved by Christ through the Spirit, Who works when, where, and how He pleases. So also are all elect persons who are incapable of being outwardly called by the ministry of the Word. 4. Others are not elected, although they may be called by the ministry of the Word, and may experience some common operations of the Spirit, yet because they are not effectually drawn by the Father, they will not and cannot truly come to Christ and therefore cannot be saved. Much less can men who do not embrace the Christian religion be saved, however diligent they may be to frame their lives according to the light of nature and the requirements of the religion they profess The Savoy Declaration of 1658 This document, once again is derived from the monumental Westminster confession of faith but with some modifications to fit a congregational setting. We quote the chapter 10 on effectual calling at length: 1. All those whom God hath predestinated unto life, and those only, he is pleased in his appointed and accepted time effectually to call by his Word and Spirit, out of that state of sin and death in which they are by nature, to grace and salvation by Jesus Christ; enlightening their minds spiritually and savingly to understand the things of God, taking away their heart of stone, and giving unto them an heart of flesh; renewing their wills, and by his almighty power determining them to that which is good; and effectually drawing them to Jesus Christ; yet so, as they come most freely, being made willing by his grace. 2. This effectual call is of God's free and special grace alone, not from anything at all foreseen in man, who is altogether passive therein, until being quickened and renewed by the Holy Spirit he is thereby enabled to answer this call, and to embrace the grace offered and conveyed in it. 3. Elect infants dying in infancy, are regenerated and saved by Christ, who worketh when, and where, and how he pleaseth: so also are all other elect persons who are incapable of being outwardly called by the ministry of the Word. 4. Others not elected. although they may be called by the ministry of the Word, and may have some common operations of the Spirit, yet not being effectually drawn by the Father, they neither do nor can come unto Christ, and therefore cannot be saved: much less can men not professing the Christian religion, be saved in any other way whatsoever, be they never so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of nature, and the law of that religion they do profess: and to assert and maintain that they may, is very pernicious, and to be detested. The Chicago Declaration (November 25, 1975)

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Despite its one major flaw on the last article relating to ones belief in the infallibility368 of scriptures as a mark of one being regenerate, the declaration makes important statements that in every sense support the idea of the new birth being a prerequisite to one entering the Kingdom of God. For instance, the declaration states that: We proclaim no new gospel, but the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ who, through the power of the Holy Spirit, frees people from sin so that they might praise God through works of righteousness..... The Belgic confession This is a great document that treats many connected doctrines from the scriptures systematically arranged. We pick out some important articles relevant to our discussion here: Article 15: The Doctrine of Original Sin We believe that by the disobedience of Adam and Eve original sin has been spread through the whole human race. It is a corruption of all human naturean inherited depravity which even infects small infants in their mothers womb, and the root which produces in humanity every sort of sin. It is therefore so vile and enormous in Gods sight that it is enough to condemn the human race, and it is not abolished or wholly uprooted even by baptism, seeing that sin constantly boils forth as though from a contaminated spring. Nevertheless, it is not imputed to Gods children for their condemnation but is forgiven by his grace and mercynot to put them to sleep but so that the awareness of this corruption might often make believers groan as they long to be set free from the body of this death.30 Therefore we reject the error of the Pelagians who say that this sin is nothing else than a matter of imitation. This point effectively refutes Pelagianism from whatever angle. The confession goes on to say the following in the next article Article 16: The Doctrine of Election We believe that all human beings having thus fallen into perdition and ruin by the sin of the first pairGod exhibited divine character in mercy and justice. God is merciful in withdrawing and saving from this perdition those who, in the eternal and unchangeable divine counsel, have been elected and chosen in Jesus Christ our Lord by his pure goodness, without any consideration of their works. God is just in leaving the others in their ruin and fall into which they plunged themselves. Article 17: The Recovery of Fallen Humanity We believe that our good God, by marvellous divine wisdom and goodness, seeing that humans had plunged themselves in this manner into both physical and spiritual death and made themselves completely miserable, set out to find them, though humans, trembling all over, were fleeing from the divine presence. And God comforted them, promising to give them the Son, born of a woman,31 to crush the head of the serpent, 32 and to make them blessed.
368

One major flaw of point of weakness in this declaration is the point stating that one does not have to hold infallibility or inerrancy to be regarded a Christian.

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The Synod of Dordt (Dordrecht, 1518-19) The synod of Dordt was convened between 1618-19 in the Netherlands to settle a controversy in the Reformed Churches as raised by the Remonstrant party of 1610. The founding father of this remonstrating party is the Professor Jacobus Arminius of Leiden University who questioned the established Reformed teachings and position respecting salvation in relation to mans ability to respond to the gospel call. His successors and followers raised five points which they presented to the state for discussion in 1610. To remonstrate is to question or disagree. This question generated a lot of heat and so in 1618, a Synod was held to consider this all important question. Being national in nature, it attracted a lot of interest including some delegates from beyond the borders of the Netherlands, hence its international significance. Over 26 international delegates attended the deliberations of that august assembly. As intimated earlier, Five points were raised and responded to in four points though broken into five. The advanced points by the remonstrating party revolved around Soteriology tabulated below: 1. Conditional Predestination 2. Universal atonement 3. Freewill 4. Resistible grace 5. Falling from grace In response, five points were raised which in effect summarized what the Reformers held and taught, including Calvin. Thus, these were called Calvinistic as opposed to the Arminianistic tenets. The council meticulously examined the issues at hand weighing them against scriptures and found them wanting. They were thus ejected and considered at variance with the word of God and thus erroneous. The synod of Dordt judgement is very elaborate and gives Biblical proofs and reasons for espousing one position and rejecting the other, contrary to what some semipelagian sympathisers hold today. Surprisingly, even some of the most prominent theologians and thinkers of our times subscribe to semi-pelagian tenets. The council of Toledo, Trent, General Ephesian council etc Augustine of Hippo died in 430 AD having valiantly fought and triumphed over the major heresies of the times. He systematised many theological issues far more than any one of his time. He vigorously fought the Pelagian heresy with its attendant offshoots. By the time he died,

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Augustine had fought a good fight though his theological position would only be upheld and recognised posthumously in 431 at the general council of Ephesus. The other councils focused on some other issues that troubled the church though some of them touched on the Anthropologetic controversy. For instance, the Council of Toledo, though primarily focused on the Trinity indirectly dealt with Anthropologetic issues. Intervarsity Fellowship Doctrinal statement Does not deal in detail about regeneration but has this statement on page 44 under the head The Christian life and its consummation: The necessity of the work of the Holy Spirit to make the death of Christ effective to the individual sinner, granting him repentance toward God and faith in Jesus Christ. The said document further states: The Christian is described in the New Testament as one who is born again and has become a new creature. This is contrasted with his previous condition in which he was dead in trespasses and sins. This great change is an operation of the Holy Spirit. It has been described as a radical and complete transformation wrought in the soul by God the Holy Spirit, by virtue of which we become new men, no longer conformed to this world, but in holiness and knowledge of the truth created in the image of God.369 This great change is made real in experience as a result of what is known as the effectual call of God. The call is normally mediated through the Holy Scriptures (read, preached or remembered), whereupon the Holy Spirit leads to awareness of sin, repentance unto life and saving faith in our Lord Jesus Christ...370 We can clearly see that the Intervarsity fellowships original creed was most evangelical resting on the solid written word of God. World Vision International statement of faith World Vision International is a partnership of Christians started in 1950 by Bob Pierce. He was an Evangelical whose beliefs have defined the organisation since. The said entity has a statement of faith where one of its many articles talks about regeneration. We quote a section of that statement and place it here for consideration:

We believe the Bible to be the inspired, the only infallible, authoritative Word of God. We believe that there is one God, eternally existent in three persons: Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit. We believe in the deity of our Lord Jesus Christ, in His virgin birth, in His sinless life, in His miracles, in His vicarious and atoning death through His shed blood, in His bodily resurrection, in His ascension to the right hand of the Father, and in His personal return in power and glory.

369 370

Quoted from BB Warfield Intervarsity Press, London, 1935

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We believe that for the salvation of lost and sinful man, regeneration of the Holy Spirit is absolutely essential. We believe in the present ministry of the Holy Spirit by whose indwelling the Christian is enabled to live a godly life. We believe in the resurrection of both the saved and the lost; they that are saved unto the resurrection of life and they that are lost unto the resurrection of damnation. We believe in the spiritual unity of believers in our Lord Jesus Christ.

We can clearly see that World Vision clearly acknowledges the new birth, although to what extent this is true in its employees is open to some considerable discussion and debate. That said, the organisation strives and aims to adhere to these truths and thus explaining the higher than usual concentration of saints in the organisation, at least historically. Although these saints hail from different church traditions, many have certainly have experienced the new birth. Seventh Day Adventist Church manual371 At this stage we quote the SDA church manual. One may wonder why. We do this for one simple reason, to show what other people say, though they may not necessarily agree with or exactly mean the same thing as Evangelicals, despite sharing the same words. Unless one has a trained theological eye, chances are that they may not spot any errors or deviations. Another reason could be to wake us up unto more exactness than hitherto has been the case. Finally, we seek to demonstrate the breadth of our research in our quest to arrive at truth. In chapter 6 of the Church manual under the head Church membership the volume clearly states that church membership is on spiritual basis: The serious, solemn obligations of church membership should be impressed on everyone who applies for admittance to the church. All should be faithfully taught what it means to become a member of the body of Christ. Only those giving evidence of having experienced the new birth, and who are enjoying a spiritual experience in the Lord Jesus, are prepared for acceptance into church membership....372 The manual further says: The members of the church, those whom He has called out of darkness into His marvellous light, are to show forth His glory. The church is the repository of the riches of the grace of Christ; and through the church will eventually be made manifest, even to principalities and powers in heavenly places, the final and full display of the love of God373 A number of critical issues here are raised but note how the same words that evangelical use and yet the meaning or interpretation may differ. We further read: The experience of a Christian is one of spiritual rebirth, joyful reconciliation, faithful mission, and humble obedience to (2 Corinthians 5:17; Philippians 2:5-8). Whatever a
371 372

SDA Church manual, 17th edition, 2005 SDA church manual , Review and Herald Publishing Association, 2005, pp 29 373 The Acts of the Apostles, p 9, this is a document that SDAs refer to as instructional and in a sense authoritative.

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Christian does, or participates in, including the services and meetings of the church, is a testimony of this new life in Christ and a sharing of its fruits in the Spirit. The purpose of the services and meetings of the church is to worship God for His creative work and for all the benefits of His salvation; to understand His word, His teachings, and His purposes; to fellowship with one another in faith and love; to witness about ones personal faith in Christs atoning sacrifice at the cross; and to learn how to fulfil the gospel commission of making disciples of the world (Matthew 28:19, 20). Note here once again the use of words and verses that even evangelicals refer to. Words like spiritual rebirth, fruits of/in the Spirit etc are words all too familiar with the Evangelical but do we mean the same thing as our colleagues? The new birth it seems to be distinct from baptism in SDA circles as evidenced on pp 209 though this new birth is not clearly defined in the said manual: The baptised believers being assembled, it is well to present a brief review of the leading principles of our faith, such as belief in the God head with the personhood of God the father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit, salvation by grace through faith, the new birth, the priesthood of Christ, the second advent, the law of God, the Sabbath, the nature of man, the state of the dead, the judgement, the church, baptism, the communion service, spiritual gifts, Christian stewardship, health and Christian social standards....374 From the reading of this source, we note that they may use the same words but what exactly do they mean? Do they hold the new birth in the same sense that Evangelicals do? If they do, could we consider the SDAs as Evangelicals? This calls for an etymological investigation so that we determine this one grand question. The author of regeneration The author of regeneration is God the Spirit. Although all the persons of the God head are involved in salvation, the Spirit is the one that applies the work of redemption as witnessed in regeneration. Christ having accomplished the atonement on the cross, the Spirit makes alive those who were elected by the Father in eternity past. This view therefore rejects the Arminians suggestion that a dead sinner can exercise faith using their free will. It is only when the Spirit liberates one that they can now freely and willingly exercise their free will to please the Father. The Pelagians and semi-Pelagians both claim that a sinner can regenerate themselves375 and thus transform themselves though they can frustrate the Holy Spirits effectual grace. Others do not even think regeneration exists at all since they deny original sin376. Robert Brow is one such subtle example. The agency and instrument of regeneration
374 375

Pp 75 under the sub head Purpose of the services and meetings of the Church Though strictly speaking Pelagianism denies the fall, sin or the consequences thereof thus rejecting regeneration as unnecessary while some semi pelagians try to hide under what is termed previnient grace as taught by the later Arminian, John Wesley. 376 The Pelagians infact deny original sin

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As has been suggested, the Holy Spirit is the person of the Godhead that immediately (not mediately) applies the work of redemption when the general external call is extended to the sinner. God uses the word preached (or read) as the means or instrument to effectually call the sinner but it is the Third person of the Trinity that directly regenerates. The word in and of itself is impotent to vivify. Although Christ is said to call his sheep that hear his voice, it is the Spirit who makes them willing to respond. Dabney adds his voice to this issue in his monumental systematic theology: There is a sense in which the Holy Spirit is said to operate regeneration only mediately, through the truth, which is held not by Pelagians, but by Calvinists. But that we may do no injustice, let us distinguish. Among those who explain depravity and regeneration by Gospel light, there appear to be four grades of opinion. The lowest is that of the Pelagian, who denies all evil habitue of will, regards regeneration as a mere self determination to a new purpose of living, and holds that it is wrought simply by the moral suasion of the truth. This virtually leaves out the Holy Spirit. The second is that of the semi-Pelagian, who holds that the will is not indeed dead in sin, but that it is greatly corrupted by evil desires, cares of this world, bad example, and evil habits con not habitus . Hence, Gospel truth never engages the souls attention strongly enough to exert an efficacious moral suasion, until the Holy Spirit calms and fixes the mind upon it by His gracious, suasive influence. The truth, thus gaining access to the soul, regenerates it. The third class, disclaiming all semi-Pelagianism, hold that the truth ought to, and would control the will, if clearly and fully seen; but that in virtue of the natural blindness of the understanding (which regard, as the source of depravity) the truth cannot be thus seen, until the mind is divinely illuminated; and this illumination, a true, gracious, spiritual and efficacious work, is regeneration. As soon as that is done, the truth spiritually seen, revolutionizes the will by its natural power; for the will must always follow the prevalent dictate of the understanding. Such was most probably the scheme of Claude Pajon. The fourth class is that of Dr. Alexander, Dr. Dick, and we presume, of Dr. Hodge. Holding that the rudiments of our depravity are in the blinded understanding primarily, and in the perverted will derivatively, they also hold that illumination is regeneration, but they add that, in order for this illumination, a supernatural operation on the mind itself is necessary. And that operation is the causative source of conversion. This distinguishes their scheme from that of Pajon. This also saves their orthodoxy; yet, we repeat, it seems to us an inconsistent orthodoxy in one particular. We ask them, is that immediate operation of the Holy Spirit-that prerequisite of illumination-the sovereign and immediate revolution in the habitus of the will? And they answer, no, for that would imply the view which we hold, and they disclaim it, as to the radical source of moral quality in the soul. What then is the operation? They reply, we do not know; it is inscrutable, being back of consciousness. But to us it appears, that if illumination of the understanding is the whole direct efficiency of the Holy Spirit in regeneration, it is more natural and consistent to stop where Pajon stops, with a mediate conversion through the truth.377 The agent of regeneration is indisputably the Holy Spirit using the appointed means of the preached or read word. There has been some confusion and considerable debate surrounding the statement that we have just made but a careful and meticulous study of Gods word will reveal that word can only be effective if the Spirit makes it so, otherwise, we may pour out a thousand fine sounding correct theological words and yet the sinner remains as dead as ever.
377

Dabney, Systematic Theology, Chapter 22

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Subjects of Regeneration The subjects of regeneration are the elect, those that were elected in Christ ere time begun. It is not every person that is ever born into the world that is regenerated or potentially so but those and those alone that have been ordained to eternal life378. These who are so elected will respond but they must first be exposed to the gospel of Christ as it is proclaimed. Since men have the law of God written upon the tablets on their hearts, they have an idea of Gods existence but special revelation is what turns them into Gods children by spiritual recreation rather than by mere physical creation. Biblical documentation of the doctrine We now proceed to consider the Biblical basis buttressing our assertions. The regeneration gems scattered across the scripture forest will help us cement our convictions having appealed to what mere mortals have said in the past. The beauty is that most of their sayings have been derived directly from the word of God written and in some cases, merely expounded on. We will consider these in point form though we expand/ add some words to make the verse clearer to the reader. a. State before conversion-dead, blind, depraved, lost, wicked, non-righteous Ephesians 2: 1-3 As for you, you were dead in your transgressions and sins, 2in which you used to live when you followed the ways of this world and of the ruler of the kingdom of the air, the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient. 3All of us also lived among them at one time, gratifying the cravings of our sinful nature[a] and following its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature objects of wrath. Ephesians 4:17-20
17 1

So I tell you this, and insist on it in the Lord, that you must no longer live as the Gentiles do, in the futility of their thinking. 18They are darkened in their understanding and separated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them due to the hardening of their hearts. 19Having lost all sensitivity, they have given themselves over to sensuality so as to indulge in every kind of impurity, with a continual lust for more. 20You, however, did not come to know Christ that way. Titus 3:3-4

378

Acts 13:48

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At one time we too were foolish, disobedient, deceived and enslaved by all kinds of passions and pleasures. We lived in malice and envy, being hated and hating one another. 4But when the kindness and love of God our Savior appeared, Genesis 6:5 The LORD saw how great man's wickedness on the earth had become, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the time. Genesis 8:21
21 5

The LORD smelled the pleasing aroma and said in his heart: "Never again will I curse the ground because of man, even though [a] every inclination of his heart is evil from childhood. And never again will I destroy all living creatures, as I have done. Psalm 51:5

Surely I was sinful at birth, sinful from the time my mother conceived me.

Jeremiah 17:9
9

The heart is deceitful above all things and beyond cure. Who can understand it?

Prior to conversion, every human being is said to be spiritually dead in sin and trespasses. They are so impotent that they cannot change themselves because their will is disabled by the fall in Adam. This spiritual death is sometimes styled as blindness or being foolish because of groping around in darkness, marching to their eternal destruction, unless a quickening ray flashes into their path and thus enables them to see their deathly plight. The scripture in Ephesians 2 reminds the saints at Ephesus of having been dead at one time, chained to sin and having lived like the rest of humanity in sin. They lived in malice and envy, hating and being hated much like any child of Adam. As far as they were concerned, what they did and how they lived was normal and acceptable as the right way to be happy but at one time the law was introduced and they for the first time realised just how depraved they were. Try as they might, they could not change their state until God was pleased in His grace to grant faith in regeneration. Thus, before any person could ever talk about having been set free from sin, there is a presupposition that they were once in bondage to sin, which only the power of the gospel could untie. In Ephesians 4 from the 17th verse onwards talks about how the unregenerate think and operate, in the futility of their thinking. They are blinded, possess a darkened mind and have a continual lust for more sin. In fact, they invent ways of doing evil applauding anyone that so function, consistent to their nature. But then something radical happens when they are regenerated. They are released from Satans captivity and offer their
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allegiance to God. Paul would say of the Thessalonians that they turned from Idols to serve the true and living God. This radical instantaneous transformation is all pervasive affecting the entire being of a person. Their liveliness to spiritual realities soon becomes evident to all but not before. b. Regeneration John 3:1-6 1Now there was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a member of the Jewish ruling council. 2He came to Jesus at night and said, Rabbi, we know you are a teacher who has come from God. For no one could perform the miraculous signs you are doing if God were not with him. 3In reply Jesus declared, I tell you the truth, no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again. 4 How can a man be born when he is old? Nicodemus asked. Surely he cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb to be born! 5Jesus answered, I tell you the truth, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless he is born of water and the Spirit. 6Flesh gives birth to flesh, but the Spirit gives birth to spirit. In this passage, we have the classic story of Nicodemus, a Pharisee and teacher of the Law who comes to Jesus at a rather awkward hour to make some enquiry. He probably has been puzzled by the new authoritative teacher that has come to town and shows flashes of the promised messiah evidenced by the miracles and teachings he demonstrates. While many Jews out rightly reject him as an imposter, Nicodemus somewhat braves it out and comes to make what looks like a genuine enquiry. He asks some leading questions but surprisingly gets a totally confusing and different answer. While he is asking about the way to Heaven as probably relates to ones external deeds and works, Jesus answers using a word picture which baffles the man. Jesus categorically states repeatedly that unless someone is Born Again, he cannot enter the Kingdom of God. Upon further enquiry by the good law teacher, it becomes apparent that what Jesus is actually alluding to is a new birth from within. Christ makes it clear that entering the kingdom of God is more than just mere outward performances of activities, rites or ceremonial observances but one must be born of water and the Spirit. As for the water, Jesus most probably alludes to the picture of washing or cleansing while the Spirit has to do with one being permanently indwelt by the Spirit of God. It could further mean that the outward act and sign to the new birth is water baptism while the inward act (done by God) is the new birth effected by the finger of God in ones subconscious life379. Further, the lord Jesus indicates the mysteriousness of this act or instantaneous event by
379

Others like James M Boice hold that water refers to the word of God rather than suggested above.

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demonstrating that it is a sovereign work of God whose evidence is seen by the effects akin to what the wind does to the leaves. The Lord in this passage is revealing a very deep spiritual truth that begs each mortals careful attention lest they miss the road to eternal life. Although the word regeneration is not directly mentioned in this passage, the idea is none the less clearly connected to it because the new birth has to do with new beginnings in ones spiritual pilgrimage. In both regeneration and being born again, God alone is the actor while man is passive. We may further assert that in the God head, the Spirit specifically effects this life giving communication as He applies the work of redemption. Titus 3:5-7 5he saved us, not because of righteous things we had done, but because of his mercy. He saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit, 6whom he poured out on us generously through Jesus Christ our Savior7so that, having been justified by his grace, we might become heirs having the hope of eternal life. The Titus 3 passage is one of the clearest in scripture that shows or demonstrates the extent of the radical change because it begins from the pre-Christian state right through to the time that a person a living being, pleasing to God. In verses 3 and 4, the apostle tabulates the traits of the unbeliever, succinctly stating that at one time they were of a certain calibre. This at one time gives irrefutable evidence to the fact that the apostle is now (alongside other saints) a different person to what he used to be. In addition, this statement means that there is a beginning of spiritual life at which one is transformed. The pre-Christian state is marked by excess, acrimony, hatred, discord, jealousies and a totally different world view. However, when God begins a work of Grace, he transforms them from the inside to the extent that everything changes in a moment. While some things can be felt and experienced in the conscious life, others take place in their subconscious lives as well as in the courts of Heaven. The heart is washed and cleansed of its past sins and made new in the Lord Jesus Christ in the subconscious life whereas the person feels the evangelical pangs leading to conviction, repentance and faith in the conscious life. The subject thus personally and wilfully does the choosing of Christ in their repenting and accepting him as their Lord and personal saviour, to use modern parlance. What actually happens is that the person chooses Christ because he first chose them. In I John 4:19, we read, we love Him because He first loved us. This is no way a tit for tat arrangement but the person is made willing in the day of Gods power. Thus, from verses 5 to about seven, the apostle takes a birds eye view of the transforming work of the Holy Spirit which results in a changed world view in the
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conscious life as well as a changed destiny following the divine acquittal in the courts of Heaven at Justification. In this passage, the word regeneration is used to communicate the giving of spiritual life as well as indwelling by the renewal (of heart, inward disposition etc) of the Holy Spirit. Thus, the new life begins to give off evangelical fruit which every keen eye notices almost immediately or shortly after wards. Ezekiel 36:25-28 25I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean; I will cleanse you from all your impurities and from all your idols. 26I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit in you; I will remove from you your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh. 27And I will put my Spirit in you and move you to follow my decrees and be careful to keep my laws. As God deals with Israel, sometimes stubborn, at other times obedient and loving, God uses picture language to communicate through His prophets. One such incidence is the one we have here when the Lord is telling the nation that He will do certain fundamental things that will change the landscape of the nation from a stubborn rebellious nation to one that fears/reverences and loves the Lord. The nation, although is dire trouble and agony, God is able and willing to change their lot. In this present chapter and section, He points out what actions He will do to make them obedient and blessed by that token. In stating what He would do, God uses pictures that resonate to the Israelites and thus have a lasting impression. These pictures obviously symbolise or point to regeneration. In the 36th Chapter passage, God pictures what happens when a person is transformed from a rebel to a saint, from a convicted criminal to a spotless loving obedient child of God. How does he do this? Well, the passage gives some hint. First He washes them from the inside to clean out all the impurities and filth that once characterised their lives. That is partly what water baptism symbolises. Secondly, He takes away the heart of stone which connotes our hardened and dead state before God visits us. We are dead, cold, indifferent or uninterested in the ways of God. Further, He replaces the heart of stone (which could signify the mind, thoughts etc, the deepest part of a person) with a heart of flesh. That hard obstinate heart is softened by the word of God so that it accepts and submits to Gods ways. God does much more for He takes away the unclean spirit and replaces with a new clean Spirit which permanently resides in them unlike in the past. Ezekiel at this time probably talks somewhat prophetically of what would happen in the new covenant where saints become the Temple of the Holy Spirit rather than the physical structures that the Judaiser emphasised. Lastly, God makes them obedient to His law because He not only puts the law in the hearts but actually writes it there. The Christian is therefore

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joyfully obedient to the law of God. This then is the wonderful supernatural work that God effects in a person that becomes regenerate by the Holy Spirit. Ezekiel 37:1-10 1The hand of the LORD was upon me, and he brought me out by the Spirit of the LORD and set me in the middle of a valley; it was full of bones. 2He led me back and forth among them, and I saw a great many bones on the floor of the valley, bones that were very dry. 3He asked me, Son of man, can these bones live? I said, O Sovereign LORD, you alone know. 4Then he said to me, Prophesy to these bones and say to them, Dry bones, hear the word of the LORD! 5This is what the Sovereign LORD says to these bones: I will make breath enter you, and you will come to life. 6I will attach tendons to you and make flesh come upon you and cover you with skin; I will put breath in you, and you will come to life. Then you will know that I am the LORD. 7So I prophesied as I was commanded. And as I was prophesying, there was a noise, a rattling sound, and the bones came together, bone to bone8I looked, and tendons and flesh appeared on them and skin covered them, but there was no breath in them. 9Then he said to me, Prophesy to the breath; prophesy, son of man, and say to it, This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe into these slain, that they may live. . 10So I prophesied as he commanded me, and breath entered them; they came to life and stood up on their feeta vast army. Having shown what God would do in future to Israel, the prophet turns and uses another picture to symbolise what God does when He effects the work of regeneration. The picture we have before us is one of a vast valley filled with dead dry bones. These bones are lifeless and cannot possibly generate or bring life to themselves. Another power is needed outside themselves or else they forever remain in the state of death. What happens next is a wind blows across this valley and amazingly brings about some form of life in the bones and thus they wake up and begin to vibrate and move! This is exactly what human kind is outside Christ, lifeless, depraved and enslaved to sin but when God infuses life, they become alive. Charles Wesley captures this idea very well when he says: long my Imprisoned spirit lay, fast bound in sin and natures night; thine eye diffused a quickening ray, I rose went forth and followed thee. It is God who does this entire work. Note further that the wind blows in a seemingly random fashion but ultimately gives life to the bones. This signifies the mystery of as well as the secret operations of the Spirit in salvation. He is both sovereign and in control of salvation. The Lord Jesus somehow alludes to this fact when He in John 3:8 talks about the wind blowing where it pleases

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and we only perceiving its effects. This passage talks about regeneration and effectual calling which is evidenced in evangelical obedience to the law of God. Matthew 19:28 28Jesus said to them, I tell you the truth, at the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. The Lord is here speaking eschatologically about what will happen when the present creation order is renewed having been messed up by the fall in the Garden. At the fall, everything was affected, more than just sin entering the world but corruption, imperfection, change and decay. Creation itself was not spared because thorns, thistles and all sorts of things went hay wire or disjoint. In recreating the world afresh therefore, God begins with the human beings (2 Corinthians 5:17 etc) and then in future, as highlighted in Romans 8:20, creation itself is delivered from its burden. Only when the new Heaven and Earth are reconstituted will things come back to normal as probably initially was supposed to be. Thus, in the text above, the lord Jesus is peering into the future and uses the word in the REGENERATION or when things are recreated or restored, the saints would confidently sit with certainty because of the privileged position they have as opposed to the wicked. The important point to note here is the usage of the word Regeneration which apparently appears in one other place in the Bible (Titus 3:57). Other passages use different words to describe the same word or experience. Romans 12:2 2Do not conform any longer to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God's will ishis good, pleasing and perfect will. In the Old Testament, God demands purity and holiness of life. He is pleased and pacified by holy sacrifices which He meticulously prescribes to His people what and how things ought to be done. In the New Testament however, there appears to be a transition from Temple centred worship and its attendant sacrifices. The person becomes the Temple of the living God and is thus instructed to be sanctified. To achieve this consecration, a person is indwelt by the Holy Spirit who not only cleanse them but to take permanent residence. In this Romans 12 passage, the apostle refers to at least two things. The first is that when a person becomes a Christian, they become renewed resulting in a total mental paradigm shift. The entire life is affected God ward. The second thing that happens is the offering of spiritual sacrifices to God by our lives, devotion, commitment and love. This is only achievable once someone has been regenerated and brought into
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the glorious liberty of the gospel. The Christian there fore will progress on from milk onward towards bones. Stagnation is not the norm for a child of God for growth is the expected logical progression for every living being. In regeneration, the soul acquires an ability not only to conform to the image of Christ but also to with stands sin. The Christian offers their lives to Christ in all aspects including the thought pattern. There is much more that happens. The Christian joins the body of Christ, becomes a living block as well as are part of divine priesthood of believers. These are the privileges that accrue to the saint. John 5:21 21Dear children, keep yourselves from idols. At regeneration, a person is translated from the dominion of darkness into the Kingdom of light where Christ reigns. That persons allegiance also changes from Satan to God. The Thessalonians are said to have radically abandoned the idols of their day embracing the true and living God as revealed in scripture. Having been made alive and empowered to live a holy life, the saint soon realises that their hearts are drawn to the God of Israel and thus want to live for him. The things that once held sway over them are now dethroned and replaced by God. Any idol, no matter in what form, magnitude, shape, style, structure or mode is cast out and Christ embraced. Thus, John would say the words in I John 5:21, the Children born of God are thus exhorted from keep themselves from besetting idols. Some of the idols of our times may include sport, money, property, family or occupation. The early church saints were seriously persecuted for standing firm against the idols of the times.380 2 Corinthians 5:17 17Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has gone, the new has come! This is a classic passage that is addressed to the saints at Corinth. Paul dwells on many subjects as relates to the troubled church and in the process points to some marks of a Christian in the present and succeeding chapters. In this classic verse, Paul mentions some fundamental points that point to who a Christian is and what has happened to them now that they are converted. The first thing that we notice in this passage is that Paul makes a blanket statement and in a sense assumes every saint is as such. He says if anyone or if any man be in Christ, certain things are true. In other words, this applies
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Refer to Christianity Today article Why were Christians suffering in the early church? available at: http://www.christianitytoday.com/biblestudies/questions/theology/suffering.html , accessed on 20th July, 2010

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exclusively and particularly to those who are in Jesus Christ by way of salvation. He goes further to state that such ones are new creations or new creatures in Christ meaning that they have not only been transformed but changed completely by the finger of God. Only God can create Ex Nihilo, without any pre-existing matter. All He does is to speak a word and it is so. God is the one that breathes into the flesh and it becomes a living soul thus assuming the image of God. In this case however, this is a recreation from the initial corrupted image at the fall. When God creates afresh, He restores the image of God as He progresses to complete this work of recreation at the resurrection. The new creation experiences at least two things that convincingly mark them out as Gods possession. The first is that the old is gone, the past life, behaviour, habits, tastes preferences and view of things have been washed away and changed. The old tendencies to sin and indulge in sinful pleasures are dealt with finality. But God does much more; He forgives all their past and present sins never to bring the charge against them ever again. The second thing that He does is that he brings in a new nature (the new man) with a completely new world view of things. Suddenly, the hearts desires, tastes, longings and ambitions are completely altered in a fundamental way. The change is instantaneous and all pervasive affecting the entire campus of the soul. The person is made alive and now able to respond to Gods ways. The new person no longer lies, steals or live for themselves but for God. Once transformed, they proceed not only to become Christs ambassadors in this world but the agents of reconciliation between the world and God, though Christ is the one that actually paid the price on the cross. Only Christians radiate the Christ, all others are but imitations and forgeries. We may therefore conclude that the 2 Corinthians 5 passage clearly alludes to regeneration and its effects. It is therefore shocking and unacceptable for a Christian to claim to be regenerate and yet still wallow in sin with the least regret. A saint will hate sin and attempt to flee away from it at all costs, though it is consistently hot on their trails. I Peter 1:3 3Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! In his great mercy he has given us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, The apostle Peter talks about what God has done in saving us. Not only has He brought us into a living hope, far beyond the grave as well as in this life, God has delivered us from the dominion of darkness. He has done this by giving us new birth which enables us to access the kingdom privileges from which we were previously locked away eternally. When a person is regenerated, they experience an infusion of a principle of life into their hearts. Having been made alive, the Christian enters into the glorious liberties and
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blessings that accrue to them. For one thing, they become citizens of Heaven with full rights of Son ship. They can enter the throne room of God with liberty to directly address God as their father. For another thing, they are given the ability to live a holy life as well as offer spiritual sacrifices to God through their lives. Peter thanks God for this great work of salvation that has wrought an effectual change in their lives, thus changing their eternal destiny. Regeneration is here talked about. 2 Peter 1:4 4Through these he has given us his very great and precious promises, so that through them you may participate in the divine nature and escape the corruption in the world caused by evil desires. The apostle states that Gods divine power has enabled us to live a holy life that is pleasing to God (verse 3) and thus builds his argument stating that the Christian has immense potentials and capacities to add to their faith certain graces through the work of sanctification. Peter makes a startling statement that saints participate in the Divine nature having been regenerated, why? Because God dwells in them when they are transformed. This idea captivated and convinced Athanasius upon which he developed the doctrine of deification where saints have some semblance and stamp of God enabling them to live a holy life. Because of Gods presence (John styles it the seed of God) the saint is not only enabled to live a holy pleasing life but also to escape the corruption caused by evil desires or even the context in which they live. This statement hits against the grain of conventional wisdom which asserts that we cannot resist the pressure around us as we are all sinners because Peter here makes a categorical statement that a regenerate person can and will overcome the world. This is in sync with what John says in his first epistle. It is therefore confusing and unnatural for a saint to remain wallowing in sin after regeneration, forever blaming external forces. That said, Peter proceeds to give the means by which the inner man may be strengthened and exercised in matters eternal, such as adding on to their character and inward graces for this is the only way that they will remain productive, effective and lively in their knowledge of Jesus Christ. I Corinthians 6:9-11 9Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor male prostitutes nor homosexual offenders10nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God. 11And that is what

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some of you were. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God. When the Corinthian church was constituted, it appears to have held promise for great things. It was endowed with many fine minds and saints in addition to the charismatic gifts. The church most probably was strategically positioned, a centre of learning and culture as well. It was influenced by the rich Greek philosophy as well. The church also had its own fair share of challenges which the apostle equally addresses in this book. However, in reminding this church, Paul mentions that the Corinthians like other saints all over the world and thus points to what God has done in and for them. Having highlighted what they were before conversion (i.e. Sexual perverts, wicked and filthy), the apostle states they were washed from their past filthy lives and this by the Holy Spirit in regeneration. He further mentions that they were positionally and progressively sanctified in Christ. More than that, they were justified, declared righteous as though they have never sinned. All these privileges accrue to the believer when s/he turns to the Lord. Their transformation is deep and eternal. Once they have been delivered from their past sinful ways, they should not return there or prove that they never were saved in the first place. What about the homosexuals, lesbians or other people that argue otherwise? How can we explain their claim that they are genetically thus wired? Is the scripture wrong and out of step with the times? Scripturally, the person is transformed from within and thus empowered by the Spirit to withstand the propensity. Secondly, some argue that sexual orientation is a conscious decision one makes. Just as much as it can be learned, it can equally be unlearned by the power of the Spirit. In our flesh, we cannot stop this practice. The Corinthians were changed and the impact evident for all to see. They once lived that way in their previous lives (i.e. that is what some of you were) but at regeneration, everything changed forever. That is the power of regeneration! James 1: 18 18He chose to give us birth through the word of truth, that we might be a kind of first fruits of all he created. The book of James historically was a misunderstood book and often shunned by many good theologians. They did not like it for a good reason, because it apparently tended to go against the grain of Justification by faith alone. But that is not so, James was addressing and correcting an issue. It would appear the saints in his day were either hyper or had veered to another extreme where they sat content in their justification by faith alone. Thus, to whip them out of their hide outs, James cracks his whip making statements that were calculated to set them thinking about their state. His thesis statement is simply something like this: Justification is by the grace of God alone but the
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outworking of this grace in a soul must show tangible fruit as evidence381 It was therefore not enough to claim that someone had living faith in God and yet bankrupt of evangelical obedience. However, in this passage, James makes a classic statement that those that are truly saved and have faith in God have been born again and that it is God who initiated this action of new birth having used his appointed means, the word382. This verse then proves that a person must first of all be regenerated to perform any spiritual good that pleases God and this is the basis upon which the world will judge. Our evangelical obedience is the window of what may be inside us. 1 Peter 1:23 23For you have been born again, not of perishable seed, but of imperishable, through the living and enduring word of God. Peter was very clear and persuaded about the new birth. This is evidenced by the choice of words he consistently uses in both the first and second letter. It was very clear in the apostles mind that for any living and lasting change to occur, there was need for a touch of God by way of regeneration. Nothing short of being born into the spiritual royal family would be good enough. He thus states, that the saints, probably gentiles, were born again of imperishable seed meaning that once it is implanted, it cannot be destroyed, repeated or fail at the last. Further, the writer states that the word of God is both living and enduring able to effect a lasting change on the soul of a human being, upon whom the wind of the Spirit blows. This verse is a bulwark for the fainting saint because God seed abides in them and thus makes them victorious over the world. In sync with what the apostle John would say, Greater is He that is within you than he that is in the world. The Christian cannot therefore go on sinning because the indestructible seed of God remains in them by whom they were transformed. Acts 16 13On the Sabbath we went outside the city gate to the river, where we expected to find a place of prayer. We sat down and began to speak to the women who had gathered there. 14One of those listening was a woman named Lydia, a dealer in purple cloth from the city of Thyatira, who was a worshiper of God. The Lord opened her heart to respond to Paul's message. 15When she and the members of her household were baptized, she invited us to her home. "If you consider me a believer in the Lord," she said, "come and stay at my house." And she persuaded us..29The jailer called for lights, rushed in and fell trembling before Paul and Silas. 30He then brought them out and asked, "Sirs, what must I do to be saved?" 31They replied,
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Acts 26:20 Others think that the word in this context may refer to the Spirit as He makes the word effectual.

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"Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be savedyou and your household." 32 Then they spoke the word of the Lord to him and to all the others in his house. 33 At that hour of the night the jailer took them and washed their wounds; then immediately he and all his family were baptized. 34The jailer brought them into his house and set a meal before them; he was filled with joy because he had come to believe in Godhe and his whole family. In the 16th chapter of the Acts has at least two classic cases of salvation one of which quite clearly alludes to regeneration in its narration, that of Lydia. We are told that when Paul and his colleagues get into Philippi, in the process of looking for a place of worship stumble across a group of women who were at prayer. They preach the gospel to them and one of them, a dealer in purple cloth, responds to the gospel call. The Bible mentions the words the Lord opened her heart which means that without the Lord opening her heart, she most probably would have gone away unaffected like her other colleagues, although admittedly, we cannot tell the spiritual state of the others from the text. That said, this was virgin territory that the apostle was touching with the gospel and thus we can safely assert that Lydia and her colleagues were merely religious but only hear the gospel through the apostolic preaching. The next case we refer to is that of the Philippian Jailer whose job was to guard a group of prisoners among whom Paul and Silas were. Interestingly, Paul and his company are put in the inner cell, in stocks presumably viewed as problematic fellows. What happens during the night is our focus because we here witness another soul getting converted as a result of the incident. We pick up the narration at the stage where the prison doors are open and the jailor is about to take his life (for he knew very well that if the prisoners escaped, his head would literary be on the chopping board). Paul quickly, and may we say evangelistically yells out to the man to halt what he is about to do. When he realises that all the prisoners are in the cells intact, the man trembles before Paul and asks that all important question that every person under conviction in regeneration asks: Sirs, what must I do to be saved? The Evangelists immediately point him to the saviour where he finds relief for his soul. The point at which the man cries out what must I do to be saved means that he has already been regenerated but the calling upon the saviour and all that follows happens in the conscious life (conversion). We may conclude that in both cases the newly regenerated souls (i.e. Lydia & the Jailor), they both show vivid signs of regeneration. These include, their joy, feeling fresh and new, obedience (i.e. baptism), Christian love and benevolence to the saints. These two, like the Ethiopian Eunuch in Acts 8 go on in life after that rejoicing that they had met the Lord in salvation. Acts 10 (Cornelius)

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42He commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that he is the one whom God appointed as judge of the living and the dead. 43All the prophets testify about him that everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins through his name." 44While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit came on all who heard the message. 45The circumcised believers who had come with Peter were astonished that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles. 46 For they heard them speaking in tongues[b] and praising God. Then Peter said, 47 "Can anyone keep these people from being baptized with water? They have received the Holy Spirit just as we have." 48So he ordered that they be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked Peter to stay with them for a few days. We have before us the account of Cornelius, a devout worshipper of God and also a prominent gentleman in the roman establishment. He had been faithful seeking the ways of the Lord and thus the Lord sends Peter from a distant place to come with this one message, of salvation. Peter omits all other households and is directed specifically to this mans house, akin to what had happened to Philipp in Acts 8. In this case however, Peter enters a gentiles home escorted by his circumcised Jewish brethren. In that homestead, they find many people including Cornelius himself to whom they explain the gospel. What happens after the preaching is what is dramatic and startling to all for the people are regenerated and immediately begin to show evidence of having been regenerated by God. We do not know exactly what they said in those languages (tongues) but whatever it was was probably fulfilling more of the Joel 2:28 Prophecy. But there is more. They obey the Lord in baptism as well as urge Peter to tarry a little longer so that they could enjoy more fellowship. The point in this case is the radical transformation that Cornelius and his kinsfolk go through in that house. Secondly, we note the statement of the Jewish believers, that the gentles also had been initiated spiritually into Christ, just as had been the case for them at an earlier time. Jeremiah 4:3, 4 Break up your unploughed ground and do not sow among thorns. Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, circumcise your hearts, you men of Judah and people of Jerusalem, or my wrath will break out and burn like fire... When a person is unregenerate, their heart is said to be hard and insensitive to spiritual realities. They are dead to spiritual things, blind and lost without any possibility of ever rescuing themselves unless external help is extended. In a sense, their hearts are like unploughed ground where anything that is sown or planted will not germinate or grow well. Chances are that weeds, thorns and even poisonous plants will grow on that ground that inhibits the proper growth of palatable plants. Unless the ground is worked on, then the air pockets as well as loosening the soil structure, then and only then can plants grow
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properly. Thus, the Lord calls upon the Israelites to plough the fallow ground and better still, circumcise their hearts so that the Spirit can dwell therein as well as enable them to produce evangelical fruit. Jeremiah 9: 25-26 The days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will punish all who are circumcised only in the flesh-Egypt, Judah, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all who live in the desert in distant places. For all these nations are really uncircumcised, and even the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart The children of Israel were at many times disobedient and therefore displeased God. They had a tendency of lapsing into previous sins and evil practices which would provoke the wrath of God. None the less, they were his covenant people and had instituted a mark that would differentiate them from all other surrounding nations namely Egypt, Ammon, Edom, Moab etc by the sign of circumcision as agreed in the covenant. Although the other nations practiced some form of physical circumcision, they were not in a covenant relationship with God although some of them shared some blood relations with the Jewish people. And yet God makes a striking statement that even Israel is uncircumcised at heart! The physical act of cutting of the fore skin of the male sexual organ had continued for many centuries and yet the essence of the act had been lost or was not understood. What God required is a transformed heart, mind and practice rather than the mere outward physical act. As Paul mentions in Romans 2, probably quoting passages such as this one, is a transformed heart with the circumcision done by the Spirit of God. Jeremiah 13:23 23 Can the Ethiopian [b] change his skin or the leopard its spots? Neither can you do good who are accustomed to doing evil. Jeremiah is talking about something else in the context that confronts us at this stage but makes a fundamental statement in the process which all of us do well to take heed. He pauses a rhetoric question whose answer is obvious and then applies it to his hearers. Simply Jeremiah points out that a person cannot change their skin pigmentation wilfully much can a leopard change or remove its spots. In the natural normal world, such things are impossibilities unless some external help or something is artificially done. In a similar way, a person, left to themselves cannot transform themselves, they need the power and
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agency of the Holy Spirit of God to work upon their souls. This is yet another classic portrait of human inability and the need of God to regenerate souls. John 5:21 21For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, even so the Son gives life to whom he is pleased to give it. Jesus is discoursing on some difficult subject and in the process makes fundamental statements as relates to peoples salvation and inability. He highlights his point by using word pictures so that it resonates to his hearer. The first thing we see is that dead persons cannot ordinarily raise themselves from the graves. The second point is that God is the one that gives this life. Finally, Jesus points out the fact that the son gives life (i.e. regenerates, thus grants eternal life). One more point though worth noting is that the son grants it to whom he pleases to not every Jim and Jack that is ever born. When he pleases to grant this life, he therefore ensures that the person is regenerated at the right time. John 3:14-15
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Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the desert, so the Son of Man must be lifted up, 15that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life.

Here the Lord has been discoursing with Nicodemus about being born again and goes on further to make more land mark statements. In this verse, Jesus gets a picture from the Old Testament and points to Himself as the long awaited saviour. In the picture before us, any person that looked to the iron serpent lifted on the pole by faith was instantly healed. If they did not do that, they perished. What is it that healed them, was it their faith or the serpent? I venture to say that it was the God through the serpent. In a similar way, Christ says, what people need to do when they are bitten by the power of sin, and they realise it is to quickly look to the saviour who will come to their aid, not before. The reason why they look to the serpent is because of the pain and desire for relief. Similarly, when a person is under conviction (i.e. being regenerated), they realise their filth and utter helplessness and naturally cry out to the Lord Jesus for Mercy (i.e. conversion). Hebrews 10:32383 Remember those earlier days after you had received the light, when you stood your ground in a great contest in the face of suffering.
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Although some assert that the book of Hebrews does not mention or allude to regeneration at all. I think this is implied in passages as the one above. It is also significant that the epistle does not at all contradict the doctrine of regeneration.

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The Hebrew Christians were undergoing severe trials and it would appear many of them were contemplating giving up the faith altogether. The writer therefore comes in with his epistle not only to encourage them to remain faithful but also to explain some intricate issues relating to the faith. It would appear his readers had a Jewish background but probably scattered in the Diaspora somewhere. In this passage however, he takes them down memory lane and in doing so alludes to what God had done in them. He uses the word received the light probably to refer to their reception of the gospel truth or regeneration. Enlightenment can be used in different sense in the Bible. Sometimes it may be unveiling something that was previously hidden. At other times, it may refer to a mental enlightenment to facts but at other times, it may refer to regeneration, through the means of the word of God. We propose that this text refers to both the knowledge, appreciation of truth as well as the radical transformation from the inside out. Matthew 15:17-20 For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, slander. These are what make a man unclean; but eating with unwashed hands does not make him unclean. The Lord Jesus encountered opposition at every turn in his earthly ministry. All sorts of booby traps and malicious accusations were laid in his path but Jesus was able to surmount them all. At times, they would want to get a testimony out of him with a view to get grounds for accusing him. At times, they directly opposed him. His greatest rivals were the religious interestingly, and for a good reason, he challenged what they held and taught. Their teaching had supplanted the actual word of God with that of mens traditions. In the passage before us, we have a classic case where Jesus confronts subtle but wrong teaching by pointing the religious leaders to the truth. When they attack him through the practices of his disciples, Jesus boldly responds by pointing out their error with scripture. He makes it abundantly clear that the truth had been circumvented and in effect rejected by the teachings and interpretations of men. This must have shocked and startled the Pharisee cohort. Christ further makes land mark statement which demonstrates that the Pharisees had focused on the wrong things rather than the genuine article. While they tended to focus on outward ceremonial activity, Christ points to what matters, a transformed inner being. The problem is not the physical but the spiritual being. Jesus here highlights total depravity of man in talking about the soiled corrupted fountain, the heart, for he states that out of the heart arises all manner of vices rather than what goes into the mouth. We see a few points worth considering. The first is that the heart is rotten and thus cannot give out good fruit. Secondly, this heart cannot be fixed of its own self or volition, another outside that heart must to do it, which takes place in
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regeneration. The third thing we note from this passage (19-20) is that outward ceremony and activity, good as it may appear has no spiritual value in terms of make one holy and acceptable before God. What matters is a circumcised heart which eventually will bear fruit and fruit that lasts. Jesus is very blunt and candid when he talks about the religious leaders for he not only over throws their wrong interpretations but declares them blind guides (v13-14) meaning that they are still lost, sinful and therefore unregenerate. They need to have scales fall from their eyes for them to see and then lead others in the way of life. Thus we can see that the scriptures are replete with verses that directly talk about regeneration or refer to it by proxy. Want of time and space fails us to summon all the Biblical data that we have but it would be good if the reader took time to peruse through the following New and Old Testament scriptures which all point to regeneration, sometimes in picture form: Deuteronomy 30:6; Jeremiah 31:31-34; Jeremiah 32:39-40; Ezek. 11:19-20; Ephesians 2:5; Colossians 2:13; 1Pe 2:9; Ro 6:13; Acts 3:21 etc. At this stage, we now transition to consider the critical indicator of regeneration c. Signs/indicators of regeneration Upon regeneration, a number of fundamental changes take place in the inward man which inevitably manifest outwardly. Though regeneration is not primarily a mere moral change, it however effects moral changes in the person because the entire being is affected. The faculties that were affected in the fall are reactivated so that the person is able to perceive and appreciate spiritual realities. Their understanding is made clear, darkness departs and the veil lifted. The things that once enslaved them are suddenly over powered by potent grace. Their tastes, world view and attitudes are radically altered and thus the person for the first time is enabled to live a God pleasing life. They commence to love the Lord with all their hearts, souls and minds which previously was not tenable. Now Christ becomes the object of their first desire for whom they could willingly die or lose all things. Like the Hebrew saints (Hebrews 10:32ff), they are willing to suffer loss for the sake of the cross regardless of where the trials originate, whether it be from their own countrymen as was the case of the Thessalonians, from governments or indeed their own immediate families. They are ready to be disowned knowing that God has accepted and will take care of them. The internal revolution is so radical that all things are new firstly for the subjects themselves and secondly for the onlookers. This author vividly recalls the startling radical changes that took place in him when he was converted. He felt the glorious liberty that comes from knowing the Christ and went away rejoicing telling the world about Gods goodness. This sudden change in itself surprised his colleagues and immediate family because what they were hearing and seeing did not quite fit into
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the person they had known all along. This is the power of regeneration! Some worthy writer has commented the following with respect to this divine work: Regeneration may always be known by the fruits and effects it produces on a persons life and character. It is always attended by certain marks, evidences, effects, results, and consequences. Every regenerate person has these marks more or less distinctly, and he that has them not is not regenerate. A regeneration which produces no effects, bears no fruit, and cannot be seen in a persons life, is a regeneration never mentioned in Scripture384 We can see clearly that as far as Ryle is concerned, there must be tangible fruit for all to see without which the person is said not to be regenerate. The apostle Paul would say of the Romans385 that their faith was evident and had become the talk of town. The same may be said of the Thessalonians386, their faith was unmistakable because they radically turned from idols to obey the living God. They were transformed from rebels into obedient saints that proved their repentance by their good works. Myriads today claim to be born again but fall short in many respects. They, with the rich young ruler confidently boast that they have religiously obeyed, kept the whole law and yet have hidden idols that take them away from God387. Genuine regeneration cannot be hidden, it is well lit like a city on a hill on a pitch black night. Unless someone is blind or challenged in some way, they cannot ignore the light, though they may not physically venture there. Ryle says something even more. He goes on to state the evidences of regeneration: They are laid down for us so clearly and plainly in the first epistle of St. John that he who runs may read them. It is written there, Whosoever is born of God doth not commit sin; whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God; Everyone that doeth righteousness is born of Him; Everyone that loveth is born of God; whatsoever is born of God overcometh the world; He that is begotten of God keepeth himself.... If plain English words have any meaning, these texts mean that these marks is born again or regenerate, and he who has them is not regenerate388 The clear signs of regeneration cannot be hidden much like a lit lamp mounted on a tower on a pitch dark night. Spiritual progress and pulse immediately give signs of some form of life. But then, regeneration has its definite effects to which we briefly turn our attention in the next section. d. Effects and benefits of Regeneration

384 385

JC Ryle, The Upper Room, pp 350, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1970 edition Romans 1:8-10 386 I Thessalonians 1:8 387 Luke 18:21-23 388 Ibid pp pp 351-52

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Lorraine Boettner, in The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination, pp 171 has this to say about the effects: The immediate and important effect of this inward, purifying change of the nature is that the person loves righteousness and trusts in Christ for salvation. Whereas his natural element was sin, it now becomes holiness; sin becomes repulsive to him, and he loves to do good. This effective and irresistible grace converts the will itself and forms a holy character in the person by a creative act. It removes a mans appetite for sinful things so that he refrains from sin, not as the dyspeptic refuses to eat the dainties from which he longs, lest his indulgence should be punished with the agonies of sickness, but rather because he hates sin for its own sake. The holy and thorough submission to Gods will, which the convert before dreaded and rested, he now loves and approves. Obedience has become not only the obligatory but the preferable good. But so long as people remain in this world they are subject to temptations and they still have the remnants of the old nature clinging to them. Hence they are often deluded, and commit sin, yet these sins are only the death struggles and frenzied writhings of the old nature which has already received the death blow. The regenerate also suffer pain, disease, discouragement, and even death itself, although they are steadily advancing toward complete salvation. At this point many people confuse regeneration and sanctification. Regeneration is exclusively Gods work, and it is an act of His free grace in which He implants a new principle of spiritual life. It is performed by supernatural power and is complete in an instant. On the other hand sanctification is a process through which the remains of sin in the outward life is gradually removed, so that, as the shorter catechism says, we are enabled more and more to die unto sin and to live unto righteousness. It is a joint work of God and man. It consists in the gradual triumph of the new nature implanted in regeneration over the evil that still remains after the heart has been renewed. Or, in other words, we may say that complete sanctification lags behind after the life has been in principle won to God. Perfect righteousness is the goal which is set before us all through this life and every Christian should make steady progress toward that goal. Sanctification, however, is not fully completed until death, at which time the Holy Spirit cleanses the soul of every vestige of sin, making it holy and raising it above even the possibility of sinning....389 Thus we have seen that any changes or transactions leave a trail whether good or bad. So it is with regeneration. Radical mental paradigm shift (World View) Once a person is regenerated, their entire thought pattern is altered. Although their faculties are not replaced or receive new parts, none the less, their hearts and minds are radically enlightened so that the persons views completely change. They are made alive,
389

The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination, pp172

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darkness removed, thinking no longer futile but now become responsive to spiritual realities. In the changed world view, the Christian now perceives and approaches the world differently from those of the world (i.e. unbelievers)390. For instance, lies are perfectly normal and accepted in the world but the Christians conscience becomes very sensitive and tender hating any untruthfulness. The world runs after earthly glory to get their reward here and now. The Christian, while working hard and smartly, is content to get their reward in glory. They can now think well of others unlike in the past. Many inner changes soon become manifest in the outward as well as the quality of decisions made hence. Epistemologically, the Christian is God rather than humanistic centred. They now think Biblically. Priorities change/altering At regeneration, the mind becomes theocentric meaning that everything that a person does is weighed in the light of what God says in His word. What becomes more important is what God desires. If a person were to list things to do in order of importance or where to preferably spend their money, their natural inclination would be that which advances the Kingdom of God. No more would they waste resources or focus on self indulgence but on what God desires. Although they would make responsible sound decisions in all they do, their heart has a special place for God and His glory. For instance, tithe would be none negotiable (although some in our day amazingly do not believe in tithing!). Implications of the doctrine on: Anthropology This doctrine confronts many erroneous teachings in the face. The facts are that God alone regenerates dead impotent sinners turning them to the saviour from Satans grasp. The scriptures have given incontestable evidence of the fact that sinners cannot possibly regenerate themselves of their own free volition. They need another power outside themselves. Knowing this fact is a great encouragement to the evangelising or evangelistic saints. No matter how feeble and frail their evangelistic voice, if used in humble obedience to Gods command, they are assured that someone somewhere will believe. They duty is to faithfully and diligently spread the word and God will do the rest. This will also teach the saint to be patient with sinners who are may be steeped in sin. The fact that it is God who saves not we ourselves makes the saint all the more bold and yet patient. The preaching saint will also be persistent, consistent and persevering in their preaching. In His own appointed time, the elect will respond akin to what the scriptures declare: 48When the Gentiles heard this, they were glad and honoured the word of the Lord; and
390

I John 4:5

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all who were appointed for eternal life believed. Although spiritual death surrounds the unbeliever round about, God changes the entire picture at regeneration to who be the glory and honour! Evangelism From the above point in relation to anthropology, we may say that this doctrine encourages rather than discourages effective diligent evangelism. The reason is simply that we go not in our own name but in the name of the Master, who alone gives life. Hyper Calvinists misunderstand and twist this doctrine to their own damnation. On the contrary, Calvinists ought to be the boldest and evangelistic people because they trust in the saving God rather than depend on the sovereign will of man, corrupted as it is. Rather, God speaks and the elect hear the saviours voice rising from the dead much like what Lazarus did in John 11. We may further say that it is in excusable for any reformed person to shy away from being bold, confident and trusting in the saving power of God. The gospel is the power of God which can transform forever. We may loosely say that it has inherent power put there by God! Ethical evangelistic methods that avoid pressure tactics From a consideration of the above point, we may therefore say that we do not need to employ any under handed methods or unethical pressure tactics. Many evangelists today have worked hard to refine and use many antics aiming drawing decisions out of people. This is needless and also pointless because it is God that saves rather than a pressured will to make a decision. This explains why many claim to have turned to Christ through the sinners prayer and yet still remain hard core sinners, sinning against the light. Let us allow the Spirit to do his thorough work of regeneration. In that way, the converts to Christ will be genuine and last in the kingdom, bearing much fruit many years hence. That said, we must be as persuasively factual in our preaching urging sinners to believe on the Lord Jesus Christ! Discipleship Although God begins the work and preserves to the end, it is our Christian duty to ensure that we make disciples of all nations, teaching them to obey all things passed down to us by the Lord. We are not to behave like cold blooded animals that abandon their young as soon as they are born but rather we are to be warm blooded caring for the new babes in Christ. Paul was 10 thousand times convinced that the elect would persevere to the end and yet cared enough to worry about their estate. The Thessalonians report thus warmed his heart when Timothy finally reported back that for a fact, a work of grace had been wrought in their hearts and were standing firm. That said, he wanted them to grow and mature in the faith so that their love and faith may infect other churches as well as attract many other people. For love is the badge of Christs own.
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More than that, the apostle shared not only his doctrine but his life also, so that he would pass on many values to generations yet future. We now transition to consider some problems that attend this doctrine, both past and present. Errors and heresies relating to the Doctrine yesterday and today 1. Pelagian and Semi-Pelagian View of Regeneration Robert Dabney had a great mind and meticulously competently analysed theological issues of his day and before. He comments on one of the major theological struggles stretching even to our day. In his Systematic theology, chapter 22, he says: There are two grades of Pelagian view, as to the nature and agency of regeneration. Both regard it as only a change of purpose in the sinners mind, whereas Calvinism regards it as a revolution of the moral dispositions which determine the purpose of the mind; accompanied with an enlightening of the understanding in spiritual things. The ancient, thorough Pelagian taught a regeneration produced, in the baldest sense, by mere moral suasioni.e., by the mere force of moral inducements, operating according to the laws of mind. In his mouth, converting grace meant nothing more than Gods goodness in revealing the moral inducements of the Scriptures; in endowing man with reason and conscience, and in providentially bringing those revealed encouragements into contact with his sane understanding. See Histories of Doctrines. But the New England Pelagian attributes to the Holy Spirit some indirect agency in presenting moral truths with increased energy to the soul. Still, he denies a proper supernatural agency therein; teaches that the office of the Holy Spirit is only suasive through the truth, and not renovating, and makes His work the same generically, only vastly stronger in degree, with that of the minister who holds forth the gospel to his fellow men. It was said, for instance, that Dr. Duffield said, "The only reason I cannot convert a sinner with gospel truth, like the Holy Spirit, is that I am not as eloquent as He is."! We briefly consider these and other errors that continuously bug the theological world: a. Pelagianism Pelagianism was a heresy that was initially parked by three people namely, Pelagius (British Monk), Selestius (Bishop, Italy) and Julian (monk). The monks were not clergy men per se but laity while Selestius was an established Bishop. However all these were from the western church. They argued that man contributes to his salvation contrary to what many believed at the time. They thus caused their position to be discussed at Rome in 411, bringing them into direct conflict with Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, North Africa. They believed and taught the following, tabling their convictions for discussion and debate at the 411 meeting. This is what they held in a nutshell: a. Adam was created neutral, neither holy nor evil. Unlike what was held by many that Adam was created with positive holiness, they claimed that they had liberty to go either way, holy or wicked.
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b. When Adam fell, he was affected alone, not affecting posterity. They therefore denied original sin. c. They thus claimed by implication that there was need for divine grace or any agency, thus no need for a saviour or atonement. No justification needed! d. They further taught that man was not really fallen but still had ability to exercise faith and thus regenerate himself. In effect, they denied original sin making regeneration of no consequence or use. This damaging teaching robbed Christianity of its distinctiveness, as it was reduced to a mere morality rather than a divine religion. Augustine took them on proving from the scriptures that Pelagianism was heretical. However, he later attacked the semi Pelagians as well though as we shall later discover, Augustine was slightly more moderate on this latter group. Another theological giant of the 20th Century, A W Pink wrote well on the matter of human depravity, effectively refuting the Pelagian heresy from a Biblical position. In his book The Doctrine of Human Depravity, Pink has this to say about human inability to regenerate themselves: the depravity of human nature is seen in the sad and general reversion to darkness of a people after being favoured with light. Even where God has been made known and His truth proclaimed, if He leaves men to the working of their evil hearts, they quickly fall back into a state of ignorance. Noah and his sons lived for centuries after the flood to acquaint the world with the perfections of God, yet all knowledge of Him soon disappeared-Abram and his father were idolators (Joshua 24:2). Even after a man has experienced the new birth and become the subject of immediate Divine influence, how much ignorance and error, imperfection and impropriety still remains!..391. Pink also asserts imputation of original sin on Adams posterity in the same book. He says: instead of placing each member of the human race on probation separately and successively, it pleased God to put the whole of them on formal trial once and for all in the person of their head. Probably it will make it easier for the reader to grasp the nature of Adams legal relation unto his descendants if we make use of a simple contrast and analogy, which have been employed by other writers on this subject. God did not treat mankind as with a field of corn, where each stalk stands on its own individual root; but rather has He dealt with our race as with a tree-all the branches of which have one common root. While the root of a tree remains healthy and unharmed, the whole of it flourishes. But if an axe strikes at and severs the root, then the whole of the tree suffers and falls-not only the trunk, but all the branches, and even its smallest twigs wither and die. Thus it was in connection with the den tragedy...392 effectively blasting all argument to the contrary.
391 392

The Doctrine of Human Depravity-its evidences pp 184 Ibid pp 37-38

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A section393 of the Historic Belgic confession should add more meat to our discussion. It basically strengthens our case: We believe that by the disobedience of Adam and Eve original sin has been spread through the whole human race. It is a corruption of all human naturean inherited depravity which even infects small infants in their mothers womb, and the root which produces in humanity every sort of sin. It is therefore so vile and enormous in Gods sight that it is enough to condemn the human race, and it is not abolished or wholly uprooted even by baptism, seeing that sin constantly boils forth as though from a contaminated spring. Nevertheless, it is not imputed to Gods children for their condemnation but is forgiven by his grace and mercynot to put them to sleep but so that the awareness of this corruption might often make believers groan as they long to be set free from the body of this death.30 Therefore we reject the error of the Pelagians who say that this sin is nothing else than a matter of imitation.394 Another source, the Ask.com encyclopaedia has this to say about Pelagius and his beliefs: Pelagius believed that people were born pure, with Gods Spirit already at work, making the need for spiritual regeneration from a previous sinful state irrelevant What could be more damning than this? It is clear why Augustine and other clear thinking minds have pelted this heretic. b. Semi-Pelagianism The Semi-Pelagians are descendants of Pelagius in that they elected to take a middle ground between the Augustinian and Pelagian positions. These agreed to some kind of fall though they still maintained that man could exercise faith in Christ using their free will. Whereas Pelagius totally rejected original sin of Adam and its imputation on posterity, rather than Satan as held by some people, the semi-Pelagians accept the fall of some sorts though believe that man still is sovereign in salvation. Later on however, this error was taken on and modified by Jacobus Arminius and John Wesley respectively. Wesley further rejected some tenets of the Bible as defined by the Calvinistic scheme such as Predestination but held entire sanctification (a bit different from sinless perfection, though related). A number of Calvinistic inclined Christians today hold on to this semi Pelagian position which include those of the mediate theology school. They hold on to a mediate rather than an immediate work of the Holy Spirit in regeneration. This

393 394

Article 15 Belgic Confession, Article 15: The Doctrine of Original Sin

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school of thought therefore assume a synergistic position rather than modernistic view of the new birth. c. Arminianism This is a direct fall out of Semi-Pelagianism as demonstrated earlier. Jacobus Arminius was a Theology Professor at Leiden University, Nether lands but later questioned the established Reformed teachings proposing some teachings fostering the sovereignty or cooperation of man in salvation. Arminians hold some aspects of the Semi-Pelagian view stating that man has the ability to exercise free will in salvation (i.e. to accept or reject the grace of God). They however may differ from Semi-Pelagians in that they claim that salvation initially commences with God, then a person either accepts or rejects Christ and then God regenerates the person as a response or consequence (i.e. should they choose to be saved). Arminians repeatedly deny being SemiPelagian-inclined because of what is known as Prevenient grace as briefly described above where God first enables a person to potentially respond to the gospel call395. The subject is there after responsible as to what decision they make. Arminians also hold that after a decision has been made to accept Christ (i.e. to exercise saving faith), God monergistically then regenerates them. This sounds quite impressive and somewhat in line with scripture at first glance but there are serious flaws with this kind of analogy. Firstly, where in the scriptures is prevenient grace taught? Secondly, why should begin a work and then sit idle hoping and may we say praying that the sinner accepts Christ and then respond? That does not in line with the entire tenor of scripture. The God of the Bible is the Sovereign God of Heaven and Earth, He can certainly do as He pleases in conformity with His will. Thirdly, the grace of God is effectual and cannot thus be resisted by puny human beings. There could be other reasons summoned to counter this flawed thinking. Furthermore, Arminians hold that election is conditional, atonement universal, grace resistible and loss of salvation possible. In recent years, we have another view relating to election, of nations not individuals. For a detailed examination and refutation of this teaching, refer to John Owens works that competently exposes this error. Note that John Wesleys brand of Arminianism slightly differs from that advanced by Jacobus Arminius. We do not go into details here. The Ask.com encyclopaedia, for our purposes, finally says: Arminian Theology holds that after a believer has made a decision to follow Christ, God regenerates them spiritually. In this scenario, God merely responds to mans decision.396 d. Humanism

Among those that vehemently hold on to this kind of Arminianism is the debater Joshua Thibodaux email: jcthibodaux@gmail.com

395 396

Ferrel Griswold adds his voice by stating that Arminians believe that all are elect but fall when they reject/repudiate the gospel. They further hold that in effect, all people are saved but lose their salvation of their free volition.-Griswold, The Arminian Controversy

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Humanism claims that the centre of the world and life should revolve around man. Humanists are of different sorts including theistic or atheistic humanists. In both cases, man is the reason for living and ensures that everything in the world must be exploited to make the world a better place to live. The humanist thinks that man has all the answers and can make the world better by development of technology and appropriate gadgets. This position thus makes God irrelevant. With respect to regeneration, they reject this teaching altogether claiming that man develops from bad to good by behavioural change, training and education etc. An instantaneous change is impossible and not necessary. What humanism believes is that humans do not need to feel guilty about anything or change outwardly. Regeneration is viewed as wishful thinking and probably psychological! Everything is relative with Humanism. e. Baptismal regeneration Charles Spurgeon once preached a sermon in which he denounced baptismal regeneration. This obviously infuriated many Anglicans but he stuck to his gun. Here is what Charles Ray in his book A Marvellous Ministry has to say about this on pages55-56: The Preacher then declared that the great and growing error to be contended with throughout England was one in direct opposition to his text, namely, the doctrine of baptismal regeneration, a doctrine which he maintained was plainly taught by the Established Church in its Prayer Book. But, he continued, I hear many good people exclaim there are many good clergymen in the Church who do not believe in baptismal regeneration. To this my answer is prompt, Why, then, do they belong to a church which teaches that doctrine in the plainest terms? and he went on to speak in somewhat firm language of the attitude of evangelical clergy towards this dogma, and what he considered that attitude involved. Naturally, on the publication of this vigorously worded sermon, the whole evangelical party of the Church of England was put in arms. Replies and refutations were preached and printed, not by the score, but literally by hundreds, and no complete collection of pamphlets issued exist. C.H. Spurgeon himself possessed ten stout volumes of tracts and sermons on the subject..... Interestingly, Alexander Archibald has this to say about Baptism in relation to the sacraments: According to the universal testimony of Jewish writers, baptism was practiced by the Jews on the admission of proselytes, long before the advent of Jesus Christ. And , though circumcision was restricted to males, the ceremony of baptism was extended also to females, and, like circumcision, was administered to infants... Obviously, Alexander is arguing as a classical Presbyterian would passionately contend. However he further says: ...commanded by Christs own direction, the disciples administered baptism to such as acknowledged Christ to be the messiah. But baptism, as a rite was not until after Christs resurrection... The Westminster larger Catechism says, Baptism is not to be administered to any that are out of the visible church until they profess their faith in Christ and obedience to Him; but the children of such as are members of the visible church are to be baptised (LC

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166)...397 Though much debate continues to rage to this day, Baptismal regeneration has no place in scripture. However, we further to cite other equally worthy authorities on this matter. Alexander Archibald demonstrates his defence of infant baptism in a chapter under Baptism as follows: House hold baptism was practiced by the apostles, and children form a part of most households. Infants are depraved and need the washing of regeneration, and are capable of being regenerated; and this renovation, baptism does strikingly represent. The practice may be traced back to the earliest periods of the church, and was then universal in all parts of the world. It is scarcely credible that so great a change should have become universal in the church, without being noticed by writers of ecclesiastical history.398 Another, Needham demonstrates in his book 2000 years of Christs power399 that believers baptism was equally practiced. He gives the case of Gregory (335-94) and Basil (330-79) who were baptised as believers rather than as infants. Needham further states that this mode was a prevailing custom (believers baptism) in the 4th century. Here is what JI packer has to say about this matter, although written in a context of the history of regeneration: The fathers lost the biblical understanding of the sacraments as signs to stir up faith and seals to confirm believers in possession of the blessings signified, and so came to regard baptism as conveying the regeneration which it signified (Titus 3:5) ex opere operato to those who did not obstruct its working. Since infants could not do this, all baptized infants were accordingly held to be regenerated. This view has persisted in all the non-Reformed churches of Christendom, and among sacramentalists within Protestantism.400 So we can see that one error led to another and had it not been for some of the Reformers unearthing these truths by Gods grace, pitch darkness would still prevail today. It is however instructive to read Andrew Stenhouses401 crisp but informative analysis as to how infant baptism wormed its way into the church. He traces it all the way from the first century right through to the time it replaced regeneration or its real significance was altered. This error persisted for over a thousand years only to be diagnosed and uprooted by later enlightened saints during or after the Reformation. f. Decisional regeneration Once again, Kaunda comes to our aid when he says The Puritans of the sixteenth century would call it moral persuasion. This means a person decides to be born again without the agency of the Holy Spirit. This is taught in many pulpits today. A preacher at the end of his sermon makes an alter call. Those who respond are made to say the sinners prayer. They pray after the preacher by repeating his prayer, sentence by sentence. At the end of that prayer they are usually declared born again. The scriptures teach that the new birth is not of the will of man, but of God (John 1:13). In saying that scripture does not teach decisional regeneration, we are not denying
397 398

A brief compendium of Bible Truth, pp182 Ibid pp185 399 Ibid pp215,218 400 Refer to: http://mb-soft.com/believe/txs/regenera.htm, accessed on 26/08/2010 401 The Sin of Sectarianism, 1957

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the reality of the Human response in believing in Christ. What we maintain is that Gods work of regeneration is wholly sovereign and gracious...402 This error, or may we say heresy is very destructive in many subtle ways than one. It is therefore incumbent upon the saint to watch out and not be outwitted by this slippery error that is so prevalent in our times. Clement has done well to highlight it but how we desperately need to get the message across! g. Mere moral change or reformation Clement Kaunda aptly says: It is not an improvement of ones behaviour. A person may abandon certain sins in his life because of the misery, pain and other consequences those sins bring upon him and his family and decide to patch up his life. This patching up of his life is not regeneration. We are not in any way pouring out cold water on moral reformation-its a good thing-but it falls far short of regeneration. It is true that when a person has experienced the new birth (another name for regeneration) there is a moral change that progressively takes place. This change is the fruit of the new birth. It is the effect not the cause of regeneration. Nicodemus, Cornelius, Lydia were not profane persons before conversion. One was a respected teacher of the law, Cornelius feared God, while Lydia worshipped God. Though by Gods common grace they were kept from open wickedness, they were still sinners... Pastor Michael Bwembya offers similar sentiments when he says: Hence, it is right to say that regeneration brings about a change in an individuals life. This change is a moral one-change of heart and change of mind.403 Liberalism is the school of thought that crafted this doctrinal dimension but biblical regeneration achieves far more than a mere out ward moral change, although this aspect is included in the transformed beings subsequent character. h. Sabellanism This heresy was championed by Sabellus who taught that God has manifested Himself in different phases during successive dispensations across the Bible. He taught that God came across as Father in the Old Testament, as God the Son in Gospel times and as the Holy Spirit post Christs ministry. This teaching has gained currency in some circles unawares and affects the way people relate to God. A random test in one religious setting revealed that over 50% held this erroneous view of God while the rest could scarcely define or defend the Trinitarian doctrine. God is Trinitarian before and throughout the Bible age. In other words, God has always been Trinitarian and never acted in linear phases as Sabellious taught. i. Creation of new faculties

402 403

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Kaunda says this: By faculties I mean the abilities of the soul, such as mental abilities. The natural faculties of the soul remain unchanged in the new birth. This is so because in the fall (in Genesis 3), he never lost these faculties. What he lost was the moral perfection in which he was created. It is clear that in Gods common grace, man, even in his depravity, has been able to do amazing things. Technological advancement is one of them....404 Man is totally but not absolutely depraved and thus remains in a state of spiritual death until the quickening ray is spread over his soul. Thus, when a person is regenerated, what actually happens is that the will is activated or enabled to actually put into motion what it has willed. Prior to that, the ramifications of the fall have a terrible blinding effect thus making man unable to take or make the right decisions, with right or correct motive. This explains why a non regenerate soul may do some physical good but totally fail to please God because of their corrupted nature. Further, we may add that this activated will is helped by the enlightened mind or understanding which was affected in the fall. Any suggestion of new faculties added is not correct, at least without Biblical support. j. No suffering, challenges and difficulties in this life once one is born again This wrong faulty teaching has amazingly been attached to being born again. The teaching goes something like this: If you want to be prosperous, accept the Lord Jesus Christ and be born again. When you receive the Lord as your personal saviour, then God will bless you and bring about a breakthrough in your various areas of your life. Your finances, health and family problems will be instantly sorted out! Obviously this has nothing to do with regeneration. While it is true that the lord actually sets one free from sin and its consequences, they still remain in a world fraught with troubles and temptations. Both Christians and non-Christians are subject to similar environments and economic pangs. What differs is their reactions to challenges and destinies. A wrong understanding of this doctrine produces wrong ethical practice and unrealistic expectations failure to which the person vomits everything and subsequently abandons the faith out of frustration. k. Antinomianism This teaching centres around the belief that when a person is regenerated, they are freed from sin (which is correct) to the extent that the law becomes irrelevant. The reason is because the new born Christian cannot sin at all as the seed of God remains in them and thus can never lead them into sin. The assumption is that a Christian will never entertain sin nor fall into it because the Spirit energises them so to live. To some extent this line of thought carries some weight but once analysed closely against the touchstone of scripture, it amounts to rank antinomianism , a mere wishful thinking. The New covenant theologians pedal this line of thought which does not have
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any Biblical warrant. The Christian once regenerated is for sure delivered from the power and dominion of sin and enabled to live a holy life unto God. Their will is enabled as a principle of life is implanted though the Christian soon realises that there remains within him, a propensity to sin called indwelling sin. The Christian soon bitterly laments with the apostle Paul what a wretched man they are (Romans 7:24) but their relief lies in the fact that Jesus has indeed procured an eternal salvation effected by the Spirit at the implantation of new life. Christians never forsake the law but now count it as an ally helping them to live a holy life. The law is no longer burdensome and thus helps them keep in check, lest the old man takes over. In as much as the law cannot save anyone, it has the honourable function of an indicator and alarm against breaking Gods decreed holy ways. We may further say that regeneration never liberates Christians from accountability to God to live a holy life but it certainly makes saints alive to be able to live that expected holy life. This was previously impossible. The errors are indeed legion but we have picked up the most common contemporary examples which the reader can resonate with. We could equally add to this list the following: Soft music strategically played and designed to evoke emotion in a charged atmosphere, alter calls, empty promises, generation curses, sowing the seed, martyrdom for error, good works, Lordship teaching, congregation size etc, etc. The list goes on. We however stop here and consider some objections raised against the doctrine of regeneration as has been stated thus far.

Objections to Historic Biblical Regeneration


1. Is the new birth a reality or mere novelty, a passing fad? The New birth is a reality as evidenced by the written word of God. Further, the transformed lives both in the scriptures as well as what we see in the world are clear evidence of its reality. Contrary to what some people claim that these definitions and beliefs are subjective, everyone who has been regenerated can confidently testify to the goodness of God in their souls. It is therefore no passing fad or novelty as one would be tempted to think. 2. This doctrine is new having been started in the 18th Century, how can we believe it? The new birth has always been a Biblical doctrine, drawing its very roots in both the Old and New Testaments. The Bible gives pictures of this as well as in other passages which clearly show that the scriptures mention the new birth. For instance in Ezekiel 37, we have the picture of the dead dry bones that are given life. Another interesting passage is in the 36th Chapter of Ezekiel as well as other passages scattered across the OT. In the New Testament, we see pictures of this as well as direct allusions to regeneration as in Matthew 19:28, Titus 3:5ff among many other passages. However, because water Baptism was widely practiced as closely connected to a Christian in their public confession, the church tended to focus on the
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outward acts and subsequently forgot about regeneration itself only to be recovered in later centuries. Thus, this appeared a new doctrine when in fact the scriptures have always talked about this divine mysterious work of God. It is therefore no fad or made up story of sorts. 3. Baptism of infants has been the Church practice from the first century, how do we know we are right, better than the primitive Christians? It is true that Baptism of infants has erroneously been practiced from very early in Church History405. Recall that water baptism was far more significant then than it appears today for it was a public declaration that one had turned to the Lord Jesus. The church probably adopted and carried on this practice to show that they themselves and progeny belonged to the lord, not that the water itself regenerated anyone. We all turn to the highest court of appeal, the authoritative written word of God which clearly teaches that Baptism is only for believers as an outward sign of inward grace demonstrating that someone has been inwardly transformed. After all, the scriptures often use picture forms to signify a deeper spiritual meaning and in this case, water baptism signifies the cleansing done by the Spirit of God. 4. Is there empirical evidence for the truthfulness of this doctrine? Evidence and proof comes in more ways than one. The Scientific method demands the use of empirical procedures and tangible repeatable observations. But there are other ways of ascertaining the validity and truthfulness of facts. In this case our evidence is based on the following subjective and objective evidences: Bible stories and what we see or experience. The objective evidences are found in the biblical accounts while the subjective evidences are derived from experimental/experiential happenings. The subjective would include: Transformed lives, practices, world view attitudes, tastes, perseverance, love, radical behaviour change, corresponding results consistent with the faith, Titus:3-5; James 2:14-17; John 3:3-6;John 1:12 ff; Matthew 5:12ff;Jeremiah 2:2-3; I John 3: 9. The objective evidences from the scriptures include Paul, The Philippian Jailer, Lydia, The Ethiopian Eunuch, Cornelius cases among many others. These lives were radically transformed and were never the same. 5. Paul circumcised Timothy in Acts 16:1-3, how then can you claim that the apostle trashed circumcision? Is it not a case of imperfect understanding on your part?
Refer to Andrew Stenhouses book The sin of sectarianism for some further clarifications on this matter. He says on page 35 of the said book: With the passing of the first generations of Christians, the insistence upon the need of personal conversion became less and less emphatic. Children of Christian parents were not required to give testimony of having definitely turned to God with repentance and faith. Already toward the end of the second century the baptism of infants was being practiced, the belief in baptismal regeneration having replaced the scriptural and evangelical belief in regeneration by the living word of God. (I Peter 1:23, James 1:18)
405

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It is true that Paul circumcised Timothy and later in Acts 21:26ff, Paul and team mates strategically take a purification rite with a particular goal in mind. The reason in both cases is strategic in nature so that the Gospel may not be hindered in any way. This also proves that those acts in and of themselves are not bad which people can practice but what should be clear is that those practices have no saving power in themselves. It was a case of becoming all things to all men so that the gospel proclamation may not stall or be hindered. Thus in Galatians 6:15 and other scripture passages, Paul makes this abundantly clear that what counts is a new creation rather than these outward rites or activities in which the Jews erroneously relied. We could extend our arguments to other areas such as the use of the Roman law in Acts 22:25 for instance. Admittedly, this issue has been quite thorny from the very foundations of Christianity having been hewn from Judaism which centres on these rites. 6. Cant what you describe (i.e. Regeneration) be achieved by mere education or behaviour change techniques? We have proven cases where people break bad habits or develop psychomotor skills after adequate repeated training? When we talk about regeneration, we refer to a deep work of God which instantaneously transforms a person from the inside. When God changes someone, it is not a rehearsed kind of thing which you perfect over time like an art but rather a radical paradigm shift of the mind in the person which completely alters their being and world view. In as much as their faculties or physical frame do not change, the inner disposition has been converted towards God and thus inclines towards His ways irrespective of their efforts or will. This radical change is so real that the effects are unmistakable for all to see. Further, this change also makes them become children of God and therefore candidates of Heaven. Education and other activities you mention are merely there to merely equip people to be better citizens and more competent at what they do but do not effect an internal real lasting change in terms of their sinfulness or destiny. I am alive to the fact that some people, even in Christian circles, erroneously think that mere education is what is meant by regeneration. Nothing could be further from the truth than that! 7. Jesus, Paul, James and John in several passages talk about keeping Gods commands as the ultimate requirement of any person to be right with God not regeneration. Dont you think you have overstretched your claims too far? Not exactly, the passages that you allude to most probably if read in their rightful context would explain a lot. In general we can say that none of the people you refer to state that salvation comes by law observance but rather that one of the offshoots of regeneration is evangelical law keeping and obedience. Remember that no one was ever saved by law keeping as we are all incapable. In the covenant of Grace, God undertook to save us through
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His grace in the person and work of Christ. The Spirit then applies the work of Christ in transforming sinners to God. Thus, we can say that every Christian obeys the law not for salvation but as a result of a transformed heart. There is therefore still need to have a spiritual heart transplant or circumcision. 8. Isnt Regeneration as you have defined it (modernistic) at variance with the word of God? The Bible says people themselves must repent and place their faith in Christ, so why should this command be given when sinners cannot respond unless God regenerates them? Why preach anyway? Good question! If we are to objectively and sincerely let the Bible speak for itself, we should arrive at a modernistic position. However, if we come with preconceptions, we may arrive at a different humanistic conclusion. As for the command, that is what God has directed and the human being is responsible for their rebellion. I may not explain how or why God has thus directed but one thing I know is that the sinner must responsibly do the right thing, repent or perish! 9. Isnt your position fatalistic or deterministic? My position is the Bibles position. I may not explain every detail but what I know is that the Bible has said so and I humbly submit to its dictates. 10. In one of your assertions, and in quoting Athanasius, you mentioned a word deification, dont you think people become divine when they get saved? The text says we share in the divine nature! True that we share in the divine nature, but that is because we are transformed and indwelt with the Holy Spirit. This means we have divine influences as well as perspectives but never assume the status of God or even an idol may I say. God would never permit such as situation. What he does do however is to make us like Him in transforming us so that we may declare His praises offering sacrifices of praise. Listen to what Spurgeon once said in one of his devotional thoughts in reference to 2 Peter 1:3-4 which has been the verse of contention: To be partakers of the divine nature is not, of course, to become God. That cannot be. The essence of Deity is not to be participated in by the creature. Between the creature and the creator there must ever be a gulf fixed in respect of essence; but as the first Adam was made in the image of God, so we, by the renewal of the Holy Spirit, are in a yet diviner sense made in the image of the Most High, and are partakers of the divine nature... 406. Thus, we can see that those who claim to be God or gods are entirely mistaken, if not offending God.

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11. I have problems with your ordo salutis especially the place of faith. I think and hold that faith precedes regeneration because the Bible clearly teaches that it is our exercising faith first that we are justified. How can you claim that faith is the consequence of regeneration? Indeed, with the human mind and to some extent some Biblical passages, it appears that faith is the condition for regeneration to take place. But a meticulous analysis of the scriptures will actually reveal that a dead sinner is granted faith having been regenerated by God monergistically. In fact, the Bible says that saving faith is a gift of God in the first place! (Ephesians 2:8). Granted, in conversion, a person exercises faith and repentance unto salvation in the conscious life but we argue that they thus respond because they have been made alive and aware of their sinfulness in the first place and not before. In short, we may say that a sinner cannot regenerate themselves, let alone initiate this work of grace. God must do it from first to last, by his sovereign grace alone. If a man first exercised faith first and then God responded in regeneration that would mean that a sinner has the ability to transform themselves at will. Summary This has been a mammoth chapter, covering a lot of ground in a short small campus. A lot of veins, arteries have been traced and highlighted as relates to the great subject of regeneration. This truth is pivotal to the Christian life without which, no one can respond to the grace of God. Although sometimes enshrouded in Effectual calling or conversion, regeneration is a distinct and important step in the redemption process. It is an act of God monergistically rather than synergistically. This strong old doctrine desperately needs to be revived alongside the historic doctrine of Justification. The present humanistic post modern context has seriously attacked and eaten away at the vitality of this doctrine. These new errors and heresies attempt to rob God of His absolute sovereignty and glory in salvation. The doctrine needs to thunder once again in its purity so that our nations are bathed in the Spirit once anew. Like Habakkuk, we would cry for an awakening (Habakkuk 2:3). Oh may such a day soon arrive! Bibliography Akempis Thomas, Of the imitation of Christ, online edition by The Bruce Publishing company 1940, available at: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/kempis/imitation.all.html , accessed on 09/08/2010 Akepmis Thomas, Of the imitation of Christ, Commission Press, Inc Andrews J.R, George Whitefield, Barbour and Company, 1990

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Another great site quite helpful and gives some historical aspects relating to the doctrine of regeneration is found at: http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc09/htm/iv.vii.cxii.htm, accessed on 26/08/201 Aquinas Thomas, Summa Theologica, Britannica (Great books of the Western world) Archibald Alexander, A brief compendium of Bible Truth, Reformation Heritage books, 2005 edition Arnott Anne, He shall with Giants fight: the story of John Bunyan, Kingsway publications, 1985 Ascol K Thomas & Reisinger C Ernest, Calvinism or Hyper-Calvinism? Chapel Library, 1989 Barcellos C Richard, In defence of the Decalogue: A critique of new covenant theology, Winepress Publishing, 2001 Barker William, Puritan Profiles: 54 Puritans, Mentor, 1996 Baxter Richard, Dying thoughts: The Christians Hope in the life hereafter, Baker Book House, 1976 edition Baxter Richard, The Reformed Pastor, The Banner of Truth Trust Belcher P Richard, A Journey in Grace, Richbarry Press, 1988 Belcher, Richard P. Arthur W Pink, Born to Write, Richbarry Press, 1982 Bennet Richard, Howell Harris and the dawn of Revival, Evangelical Press of Wales, 1987 Berkhof Louis, A Summary of Christian Doctrine, Banner of Truth Trust Berkhof Louis, Systematic Theology, WM Eermans Publishing Company, 1996 edition Best W E, Life Brought to Life, South Belt assembly of Christ, 1992 Blanchard John, Is God past his sell-by date? Evangelical Press, 2002 Boer R Harry, A short history of the early church, William B Eerdmans Publishing company, 1976 Boetner Lorraine, The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination, Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1932 Boice Montgomery James, Foundations of the Christian Faith: A comprehensive & readable theology, Intervarsity Press, 1986
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Boston Thomas, Human Nature in its Fourfold State, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1964 edition Brooks Thomas, Precious Remedies against Satans devices, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1968 edition Brown Rabecca, Prepare for war, Whitaker house, 1992 Burkhart H, The Biblical doctrine of regeneration, Exeter, 1978 Bwembya Michael, The means of Regeneration, Reformation Zambia, Issue # 008, Sept-Dec 2006, Ever Green Publishers Collinson David, Encounters with Darkness, Autumn House, 2001 Coxon Francis, Latimer and Ridley, Reformation Africa South, 2nd & 3rd Quarter, 1994, pp 2631 Craig Lane William, Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and apologetics, Crossway books, 1984 Cunningham William, Historical Theology, Volume I, The Banner of Truth Trust Dainty E James (PhD Thesis), Girolamo Savonarola: The forgotten Father of Apologetics, Trinity Graduate School, 2008 Dallimore Arnold, George Whitefield (two volumes), The Banner of Truth Trust Davies Eryl, An Angry God? Evangelical Press of Wales, 1991 Davis J K (editor), Who is in Control? Grace Publications, 1981 Dobson H John, Learn New Testament Greek 3e, Baker Academics, 1988 Doddrige Philip, The Rise and progress of religion in the soul, Baker Book House, 1977 edition Dryness William, Themes in Old Testament Theology, Paternoster Press, 1977 Edwards, Jonathan, Religious affections, The Banner of Truth Trust Engelsma J David, Evangelism and the Reformed Faith, Chapel Library Evans Christmas, The Grave yard sermon, Reformation Africa South, 2nd & 3rd Quarter, 1994, pp39-44 Elson Ron, Green House Theology: Biblical perspectives on caring for creation, Monarch, 1992 Flavel John, The works of John Flavel (6 volumes), Banner of Truth Trust, 1968
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Foulkes Francis, Ephesians (commentary), Intervarsity Press, 1989 Free Grace Broadcaster, Issue 161, Summer 1997 Free Grace Broadcaster, Justification, Issue 187, Spring 2004 Geisler L Norman, Christian Apologetics, Baker Academic, 2008 edition Gillies John, Historical collections of Accounts of Revival, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1981 edition Goodrick W Edward, Do it yourself Hebrew & Greek, Zondavan/Multnomial Publication Griswold Ferrel, The Arminian Controversy, The Berean Tape Ministry Griswold Ferrel, The Philadelphia Confession of faith: The fall of man, The Berean Tape Ministry Griswold Ferrel, The Philadelphia Confession of faith: The law, The Bearean Tape Ministry Griswold Ferrel, The Philadelphia Confession of faith: Adoption, The Bearean Tape Ministry Griswold Ferrel, The Philadelphia Confession of faith: Justification, The Berean Tape Ministry Gunton E Colin (editor), Christian Doctrine, Cambridge University Press, 1997 Gurnall William, The Christian in complete Armour, The Banner of Truth Trust Harman A.M & Renwick A.M, The History of the Church, 3rd e, Intervarsity Press, 1999 edition Harman Allen, The Old Testament, Christian Focus, 2000, Harrison Mott Frank, John Bunyan: A story of His life, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1964 edition Haykin Michael, The life and legacy of Charles Haddon Spurgeon (1834-1892), Spurgeons Ministries Helm Paul, The beginnings: Word & Spirit in conversion, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1986 Hendryx John, Biblical regeneration and Affectional Theology, available on the internet, accessed July 2010 Houghton SM, Sketches in Church History, The Banner of Truth Trust Hulse Erroll, Positional Sanctification, Reformation Today, # 237, Sept-Oct 2010
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Hulse Erroll, Postmodernism: Attack on the heart of Biblical Christianity, Chapel Library I found this site most helpful in checking the accuracy of my doctrinal position in relation to Regeneration, Justification and sanctification. The reader is encouraged to visit this potent site: http://bible.org/article/regeneration-justification-and-sanctification, accessed on 26/08/2010 James Angell John, An earnest Ministry, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1993 edition Jeffery Peter, Christian Handbook, Evangelical Press of Wales Jordan George William, The majesty of calmness, Commission Press, Inc edition Kabwe Kabwe, The consequent results of regeneration, Reformation Zambia, Issue # 008, Sept-Dec 2006, Ever Green Publishers Kaunda Clement, The necessity and nature of regeneration, Reformation Zambia, Issue # 008, Sept-Dec 2006, Ever Green publishers Keating Karl, Catholicism and fundamentalism: the attack on Romanism by Bible Christians, Ignatius Press, 1988 Knox John, The History of the Reformation of religion within the realm of Scotland, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1982 edition. This book was written by Knox as dictated to his secretaries between 1559-1571. It is not an orderly account but gives great insight into his life and times. Lewis Peter, The Genius of Puritanism, Carey Publications, 1977 edition Lloyd-Jones Bethan, Memories of Sandfields, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1983 Lloyd-Jones D Martin, Walking with God: Day to day daily devotions with Martin Lloyd-Jones, Lloyd-Jones Martyn D, Romans: the gospel of God, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1985 Lloyd-Jones Martyn, The Puritans: Their origins and sucessors, The Banner of Truth Trust 1987 Loane L Marcus, Makers of Puritan History, Baker Book House, 1961 Makashini Isaac, Editorial, Reformation Zambia, Issue # 008, Sept-December 2006, Ever Green Publishers. Marshall Paul, Understanding Radical Islam, Pro Rege (March 2010 issue, pp 22-27), Dordt College Martin Albert, What is a Biblical Christian? Evergreen bookstore,
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Masters Peter, The Faith: Great Christian Truths, Wakeman Trust, 2006 Mbewe Conrad, Anthropological Controversy, (lecture in Church History on tape 1995), Lusaka Baptist Church McFarland Ken, The CalledThe Chosen: God has always had a people, Review and Herald Graphics, 2006 Mell Hues Patrick, Predestination, Mercer University Merle dAubine J. H, The Reformation in England (Two volumes), The Banner of Truth Trust, 1963 edition Morey Robert A, Introduction to defending the faith, Crowne Publications, 1989 Morey Robert A, The Saving work of Christ: Studies in the atonement, Grace Abounding Ministries, Inc, 1980 Murray H Iain, The Puritan Hope, The Banner of Trust, 1971 Murray John, Redemption: Accomplished and applied, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1955 edition Murray, Iain H. The Life of Arthur W. Pink, Banner of Truth Trust, 2004 Mwetwa Choolwe, Implications of the Doctrine of Regeneration, Reformation Zambia, issue # 008, Sept-Dec 2006 Needham N R, 2000 years of Christs power (Parts 1-3), Grace Publications Trust, 1997 Newton John, Out of the depth, Keats Publishing, Inc, 1981 edition Olson C Gordon, Beyond Calvinism & Arminianism, Global Gosple Publishers, 1981 Opening the Book Bible Correspondence course, The book of Titus part 3: The Christian Salvation and life, Lusaka Baptist Church Packer J I, Among Gods Giants: The Puritan version of the Christian life, Kingsway publications, 1991 Packer J I, Concise Theology: A guide to historic Christian beliefs, Spurgeon Ministries Packer JI, The death of death in the death of Christ (introductory essay to Owens treatise), Gospel Mission Press, 1980

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Park Soo Ock, Born Again: The secret of forgiveness of sin & being, Good news Publications, Inc Park Soo Ock, Repentance & Faith....... Pearcey Nancy, Recent Developments in the History of Science and Christianity, Pro Rege Vol. xxx # 4, June 2002, Dordt College Perkins William, The Art of Prophesying, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1996 edition Peterson R Dean, A concise History of Christianity, 2e, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1999 Pink A W, The Doctrine of Justification Pink A. W, The Doctrine Of Human Depravity, Chapel library Pollock John, George Whitefield: The awakener Ramsbottom B A, Christmas Evans, Bunyan Press, 1984 Randall J Pederson (editor & compiler), Day by Day with the English Puritans: Selected readings for daily reflection, Hendrickson Publishers 2004 Ray Charles, A Marvellous Ministry, Pilgrim Publications, 1905 edition Reformation Today, May-June 2006 edition (# 211) dedicated to the memory of Dr Martyn Lloyd-Jones Ryle J C, Knots Untied, James Clarke & Co. Ltd, 1977 edition Ryle J C, The Upper Room, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1970 edition Ryle J C, Warnings to the Churches, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1967 edition Ryle, J C, Christian leaders of the 18th Century, The Banner of Truth Trust Ryle, JC, Heading for Heaven Ryle, JC, Holiness, Evangelical Press Ryle, JC, No Uncertain Sound, The Banner of Truth Trust Ryle, JC, Old paths, Evangelical Press Scougal Henry, The Life of God in the Soul of Man, Sprinkle Publication, 1986 edition
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Shaw Ian, Social Issues and the local Church, Evangelical Press of Wales, 1988 Simfukwe Joe, The Promise of the Father: The Holy Spirit in Christian experience, Lusaka Baptist Church, December 1983 Smeaton George, The Doctrine of The Holy Spirit, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1958 edition Spencer Ichabod, A Pastors sketches, Solid ground Christian books, 2001 Sproul, R.C., Willing To Believe, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, 1997. Spurgeon CH, All of Grace Spurgeon CH, An all round Ministry, The Banner of Truth Ministry edition, 2003 Spurgeon CH, Fruitless faith, 1861 sermon Spurgeon CH, Morning & Evening: Daily readings, Christian focus publications, 1994 edition Spurgeon CH, Receiving the Spirit, sermon Spurgeon CH, The Power of the Holy Ghost, 1855 sermon # 30 Spurgeon CH, Though he were dead, 1884 sermon Spurgeon CH, Uses of the Law, sermon The Baptist Confession of Faith of 1689, Metropolitan Tabernacle The Belgic Confession of faith of 1561, available at: http://www.puritanseminary.org/media/BelgicConfession.pdf, accessed on 25th June, 2010 The Confessions of St Augustine (Mp3) The Scottish Confession of 1560, available at: http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualNLs/ScotConf.htm , accessed on 19th July, 2010 Thomson Andrew, Thomas Boston: his life and Times, Christian Focus, 2004 Thornbury J.F, God sent revival, Evangelical Press, 1977 Vaughan C.R, The Gifts of the Holy Spirit, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1975 edition Vine WE, Unger F Merril & White William, Vines complete expository dictionary, Thomas Neslon Publishers 1968
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Warfield BB, Faith and life, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1974 edition Warfield BB, Studies in Theology, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1988 edition Watson Thomas, A body of Divinity, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1958 edition Watson Thomas, The Beatitudes, The Banner of Truth Trust Watson Thomas, The Lords Prayer, The Banner of Truth Trust Watson Thomas, The Ten Commandments, The Banner of Truth Trust Websters Universal Dictionary and Thesaurus, Grosset and Geddes, 2006 Welford S Marvin, Free indeed from sorcery bondage, Pathway Press White Ellen G, Christian Service, Herald Publishing Association White James, Drawn by the Father, Crowne Publications, 1991 Whitefield George, George Whitefields Journals, The Banner of Truth, 1960 edition Whitefield George, George Whitefields letters (1734-1742), The Banner of Truth Trust, 1976 edition Whitefield George, Select Sermons of George Whitefield, The Banner of Truth Trust Wright F David & Ferguson B Sinclair (editors), New Dictionary of Theology, Intervarsity Press, 1988 Wright John, Designer Universe, Monarch, 1994 Wright Tom, Justification: Gods Plan and Pauls Vision Young E J, Thy word is Truth: some thoughts on the Biblical doctrine of Inspiration, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1957

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Chapter 6 Current thinking

There is a lot of thinking that is going on at all times. Christians of all walks of life are involved
in research, exegesis and archaeology. Many findings have helped to reinforce what has traditionally been believed or held for centuries by the church of God. This enquiry and criticism has also helped to refine or define some doctrines. It is said that every controversy helps to further refine a teaching commonly held or disputed by people. For instance, the great doctrine of Justification was red-discovered and refined at the birth of the Great Reformation. Christs divinity and the Trinitarian doctrine by and large definitively defined and beaten out at one particular time in Church history by the Arian controversy which Athanasius championed. Eschatological/apocalyptical questions have also bugged the church in recent times, thus we have an avalanche of writings on this subject. The Person and work of the Holy Spirit has also been a bone of contention since the emergence of the Charismatic movement on a full scale from around 1960, or better 1901-06 relating to the Azusa street revival. However, in this chapter, our intention is not to delve into all the wide areas alluded to above. Our focus is to examine what the current thinking is on the doctrine of regeneration among different people, believers or not today. Strictly speaking, we are within the Pneumatological orbit as relates to Soteriology. As part of our study, we carried out a mini research between April and August 2010 in Mpika, Zambia and thus gives the feedback in this chapter before making comments on the doctrine. The aim was to get an idea of what various people think about being born again in Mpika. The questions were as comprehensive as possible covering the entire campus of the doctrine under discussion. Methodology The methodology employed to carry out this research was simple. It was a questionnaire based research on the congregations represented in Mpika. An effort was made to get other religions to respond but was not possible. The research administered the questionnaires in two ways. The first was to give respondents a questionnaire requesting them to respond. The second was to read the questionnaire to respondents while marking out answers on the questionnaire depending on their responses. The major target group were religious people from a cross range of denominations represented in Mpika. These were:
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1. Roman Catholic 2. United Church of Zambia (UCZ) 3. Reformed Church in Zambia (RCZ) 4. Reformed Baptist 5. Pentecostal Churches 6. Charismatic churches 7. Seventh Day Adventist (SDA) 8. Evangelical Church of Zambia (ECZ) 9. Church of Christ In total, 21 respondents constituted the research and were representative of their respective churches. These 21 were either church officers or lay people. As earlier intimated, the main objective of this research is to establish the knowledge level of todays Christians on regeneration and to some extent establish how much work needs to be done by the churches. Having collected the responses, the researcher used a computer software (excel) to analyse and interpret the findings. Based on those findings, it was possible to establish how well the evangelical doctrine of regeneration is known. From the findings (shown below), it was clear that the Christian world needs to revisit this doctrine. The table below summarises the statistics as related to the questionnaire attached

Trinity Graduate School Questionnaire analysis Sheet


2010

Question
1 What do you understand by being Born again?

Not Correc correc t t # #


20 B Sichone 1

Not sur e #
0

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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

How does one become Born again? When do you consider some one BA? What do you expect to see in a person who is BA? Do you know the difference between regeneration and BA? Explain Does a person play a part in becoming BA? What role is this, if any? What are some of the hindrances to being BA? What are the benefits of being BA? Do you have scriptural backing for the teaching on being BA? Do you think it is necessary to be BA? Explain. What is the place of the law in the Christian life? Is the law essential to salvation? Explain Can a BA person be demon possessed? Explain with scriptural proof How can such a person in (13) above be helped? Can the Generational curse affect BA believers and to what extent? 15 Please explain. What do you understand by the statement "If the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed" (John 8:31-33) in relation to your answer in 16 # 14 & 15 above? 17 Do you have any favourite writer/author? Which one and why?

21 3 20 5 1 14 21 19 21 12 11 16 6 10

0 18 1 16 20 7 0 0 0 8 8 5 14 9

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 2

16 16

3 0

2 5

Interpretation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

98% claim to understand the new birth and somewhat able to explain it though some not clear or have devian 100% claim to know how one can be BA 86 % do not know what exactly constitutes regeneration but mix it with conversion 95 % seem to know what is expected in a BA person 76 % do not know the difference between regeneration and Conversion 95 % hold synergistic regeneration partly because they do not understand what regeneration is in its esse 67 % know that Depravity in sinful nature hinders one responding to the gospel call though in reality a hig 100% know the benefits of salvation, despite the current wrong teachings that mix or add to salvation 90 % know of or have an idea of the biblicity of the doctrine of regeneration while 10% were unsure of its 100% Think and know that the new birth is both necessary and essential to enter the kingdom of God. Some h 57 % know the proper place and function of the law in relation to salvation while the rest do not or unsur 52 % Correctly understand that the Law is not essential to salvation while the rest (48%) are either not sur 76 % know that a Child of God is set free and thus not subject to demon possession for they have been de 67 % think that a demonized saint has to have demons exorcised, prayed/fasted over. The rest think noth 48 % hold that the generational curse as taught today does not apply to the saint as all curses are broken 76 % think and know that a saint is free from the power and penalty/consequences of sin while the 24% is Some do not have favourite authors while others do not read at all. The diverse preferences on authors expla B Sichone Page

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Analysis for ThD 2010.xls

Attachment

Research conclusion From the analysis above we can see that there is a lot that still needs to be done. Many people are ignorant of what regeneration really is in its essential nature. Many tend to confuse it with conversion. Secondly, the definition of born again is not clearly understood let alone how or what happens. This is a worrying development because it affects the understanding of all other doctrines like Justification, Sanctification, Adoption or any other related doctrines. Other current aspects needing attention Varying views of regeneration or related doctrines Paul C Jong of South Korea seems to have specialised in preaching as well as writing on regeneration (being born again).This is commendable and encouraged in these degenerate days. He does so for various reasons, and we think Jong does it for a good, sincere and genuine purpose. It could be that he has realised that being born again is a very central doctrine and experience for any person to becoming a child of God. Paul also correctly notes that what is often preached today is far from what the Bible meant to communicate. Further, he makes a correct analysis that there are very few saints that know about or understand this truth407 as relates to biblical regeneration. However, some of Jongs conclusions and assertions are not 100% in line with scripture. We agree with some aspects but not all. In his bid to appear a champion exegete and to ensure it is well etched on the consciences of his readers/listeners, the man makes a number of careless statements which make ones hair stand on end. For instance, in his book Return to the Gospel of Water and the Spirit he categorically states that it is not enough to believe on Jesus for salvation408 and that his blood alone is not sufficient to save any one! Well, Paul may have a point in trying to lash out at the wrong hedonistic antinomian tendencies that
407 408

Jong, Return to the Gospel of Water and Spirit, pp23 Ibid pp 9 He states: However, today, most Christians believe that they can be saved by believing only in the cross of Jesus, disregarding His baptism Think for a moment, what about the thief on the cross, was he saved? What about the other baptisms in Jesus day, could they save? There is need to be careful in our assertions.

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have lately infested the Christian church but surely, are we not returning to the Galatian error? Are we not revisiting the Jerusalem council of Acts 15 again? But Paul Jong does not stop there. He wonders away into areas where he is not clearly competent to comment on such as Predestination. He dubs it a theory!? Unless our understanding of the word theory is faulty or incorrect, a theory is an idea that has not been proved yet probably due to insufficient evidence or is still a mere suggestion. But are Predestination or Election theories, let alone fallacies? Are passages such as Ephesians 1:4, Romans 8:2830; 9 and many more mere imaginations of men? Have they been forced on or into the word of God? These letters were written to saints scattered all over the known world then, whether Jewish or not, how then can Jong claim that they are theories/fallacies? The best is let scripture speak and we obey. In the event we cannot understand some points, in the spirit of Ulrich Zwingli, let us admit that only the author of that word can unravel! We may not explain everything but God knows best. It could be due to our imperfect light or understanding. Chances are that we do not understand His word due to our prejudices which have blurred our objectivity. How one views these doctrines also inevitably affects their eventual understanding of other doctrines including regeneration if it is modernistic or synergistic. For ourselves, we are content to let scripture speak, dictate and chart the way forward rather than imposing on it what it never was meant to communicate. Others hold that conversion (i.e. faith & repentance) precedes regeneration. They hold that a person must first independently exercise faith in Christ activating their almighty sovereign will to believe in Jesus and then God responds by regenerating them. This view holds that God helplessly stands by hoping that the dead sinner will make the right decision and somehow be able to choose Christ, be converted (in effect convert themselves) and then God excitedly jumps from his throne to regenerate them. This may appear plausible and make sense to the natural mind but not in line with the scriptures. For we read that salvation exclusively belongs to our God and by that token begins as well as concludes the work of salvation. Paul knew very well when he asserted in Philippians 1:6 that God had begun the work in their lives and would work in them to will and to act according to His good pleasure. Paul knew better than many in our day claim to. While the apostle knew that God would preserve His own to the very end, yet in his correct human mind, Paul responsibly did what is right and expected. Still others think and teach that conversion and regeneration are one and the same thing. They use the words interchangeably without the slightest idea that these two are not necessarily the same, though inseparably connected. They claim that when a person verbally decides to follow Jesus, then they are both regenerated and converted simultaneously. But this is not so. For God first regenerates a soul which then, in
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realisation of it sinfulness calls upon the saviour in faith and repentance (which in themselves are gifts of God) as evidenced by a thorough radical transformation of life and practice. The one occurs in the sub-conscious while the other takes place in the conscious life where man responds. For others, being born again is a mixture of literal Water and Spirit Baptism. They quote the John 3 passage as a reference point. But a careful analysis of the said passage in its rightful context as well as comparing with other related scriptures, it becomes evident that Jesus is using picture language to communicate a spiritual principle or truth. In this case, Jesus uses pictures which resonate to his hearer, the learned Nicodemus. This is evident when Jesus asks (almost in a surprised tone I suppose!) that Nicodemus is Israels teacher and yet not able to understand or comprehend simple truth. For this category of people, they claim that it is not enough to believe on the Lord Jesus only but a person must be water baptised. In other words, salvation, to this group of people is incomplete until water and Spirit baptism are administered. However, this is not what Jesus intends to communicate in this particular text. Another group within this bracket claim that after water baptism (which they take as primary to salvation), a person must experience a second work of grace much like what the apostles were before Pentecost (so they claim). This appears pious and reasonable a point but not consistent with the rest of scripture. Baptism with/by the spirit points to regeneration. It is in fact being born from above or of God.409 There is yet a group of believers who think being born again has no bearing on the atoning work of Christ as well as their allegiance to the Lord. This is a great error because this work is rooted and grounded in the work of Christ. How can we possibly be saved and from what, if Christ did not come to make atonement for our sins? It was because of this redemption that the Spirit applies his divine work. If we do not rightly understand this crucial point, we run into the erroneous heretical teaching of Lordship gospel where some claim that we can first become saved and yet not yielded to our God. Such a teaching is foreign to the Bible because once one is saved by Jesus their Lord and saviour, their world view changes resulting in obedience. The law of God is never burdensome to the child of God because he over comes the world. The Hebrew and Thessalonian Christians stand as a monument of true genuine living faith in a regenerate soul for they turned from idols to the living God!410 We may add the New Covenant theologians under this head who seek a middle ground between the antinomian and the Covenant theologian. Cleverly winding their way through scripture, they come up with a doctrine that effectively rejects the law of God in the new covenant.
409 410

I John, John 1:13-14 Hebrews 10:32ff; I Thessalonians 1:9

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A troubling group misunderstands this great truth and claim that only the spirit being of the person is regenerated and therefore affected. They fall into dichotomy which prefers the spirit over the flesh. The flesh is blamed for about everything while the spirit is hailed to be pure, holy and righteous. This leads to asceticism or a form of Gnosticism. The Monks in ancient times were guilty of these extremes. Some modern day evangelicals are equally guilty of this lapse and thus appear imbalanced in their walk or world view. A less evangelical school of thought holds that by good works, people can progressively earn their salvation. They teach that God by steps gets appeased as we do more works and thus by degrees approach heavenly life. Thus, such adherents will not hear any suggestion of simple faith in Christ for salvation. They feel they must do something or contribute to their salvation. Justification by faith alone sounds a crazy proposition to them. Thus, the mysterious work of the Spirit never crosses their mind or fit into their scheme of things. Thomas Aquinas argued that God could be known by reason and enquiry. This brilliant mind may have best known what he was trying to communicate but has eventually misled thousands after him for they try to find God by acquiring all manner of knowledge as a means of salvation. They contend that God can be known for He is not far from us, reachable if we diligently seek Him. Aquinas further taught that by exploiting logic or reason, we could finally end up with no option but to believe in God. The scripture indeed does encourage our seeking Him as well as getting wisdom for our good, God none the less makes it is clear that he is knowable by special revelation in Christ rather than by the wisdom of men. In other words, Christ is the wisdom of God whom to know is eternal life. Others think regeneration is a progressive work or process rather than an instantaneous radical event. While it is true that some good saints (e.g. John Calvin) in the past mistakenly held such as position, it is however clear from scripture that regeneration is an event that happens in a moment. It is complete and all pervasive. Can we know at what instant we become born again? In other words, is it possible to tell exactly at what moment that God does the work of regeneration? Some think so while others hold a contra opinion. Those that think we can know the exact moment actually refer to conversion in the conscious life rather than regeneration itself. What they do not know is that regeneration takes place in the subconscious life and by the finger of God. Much like we are unconscious at our physical birth, so also, we only become aware later by the effects and vital life signs we observe or experience. Biblically, it is not possible to know the exact point of our regeneration but as the effects indicate, akin to the wind among the leaves. We thus conclude that new life indeed commenced in our hearts. The
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second indicator that helps us know that we have actually been regenerated is the peace that invades the forgiven soul! Before conversion therefore, we cannot tell at what point God regenerates us. Legalists confuse evangelical obedience to be a means of salvation instead of a consequence thereof. They think the law is essential to salvation and suppose that human contribution to salvation is essential. This group falls into at least two classes: Those that hold obedience to the Decalogue as a means of salvation while the other group depend on baptism or some other rite. The Judiaser thinks it is by imbibing some facts or truth (and thus deny regeneration) while the Mohammadan holds that by a thrice declaration of allegiance to their God in addition to performing certain rituals/activities relating to the religion. Other religions have different approaches and views ranging from a total denial of regeneration to mysticism, asceticism or even Gnosticism.

Justification by faith
The doctrine of Justification by faith has been under severe attack in these latter days, practically from all angles. It is a most hated doctrine among the Roman Catholics while it is the most prized doctrine among the Reformed brethren because in this watershed truth lies Christian liberty. Interestingly, the doctrine has suffered attacks from within the protestant ranks who now claim that the doctrine has not been properly understood historically, projected or applied. In short, they claim that the Reformers were actually entirely mistaken and built imaginary castles in the air! Still others would like to modify the doctrine to fit the humanistic mind set. Among them is Tom Wright411, an accomplished scholar, preacher, author and Anglican thinker. This man has been poisoned theologically and in effect repudiated the historical solid doctrine of Justification by faith, introducing his heretical human reasoning. Briefly, this modern heretic holds the following among other points (some good but others wrong. We focus on the weak and dangerous points): 1. Justification by faith as understood and interpreted by the Reformers was wrong. In other words, he claims they were mistaken and in as sense made needless noise in their dissent from the Roman Catholic Church. 2. The doctrine falls under ecclesiology rather than Soteriology and thus ecumenical in nature. Tom Wright clearly has an evil agenda of making light the differences between false doctrine and true. 3. He rejects the idea of imputed righteousness in preference for the idea that the righteousness of God alluded to in Romans 3 is understood by Wright to mean the
411

In his book: Justification: Gods Plan and Pauls Vision

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righteous act of God in fulfilling his covenant with Israel rather than relating to the acquittal of a sinner before God. This appears a contradiction as well as a twisting of scripture. 4. As far as this gentleman is concerned the gospel is the proclamation of the good news about the Kings arrival (the Lord) rather than as system of salvation. This view has implications such as not addressing the issue of salvation because Jesus Christ also means Jehovah saves. 5. From the foregoing, we can see that Wright holds Universal atonement for the entire human race, he rejects the doctrine of endless punishment for the wicked. He probably May be joining John Stott and others that have been questioning the doctrine of Endless Punishment. Could this be part of the continual decline of the Anglican church? 6. This heretic under plays the seriousness of sin and thinks God does too. 7. He argues that Pauls focus is on the future and corporate justification rather than a personal Justification. The question that begs answering at this stage is, has Wright ever been Evangelical or just an associate? His language sounds evangelical but once meticulously analysed reveals that this man exactly is, a heretic! The Banner of Truth Magazine has therefore done well to expose this man and his wrong teaching.412 To have a wrong view of Justification by faith affects all other related doctrines in the scripture, and in fact to reject scripture itself413. Adoption Closely related to Justification by faith is adoption and is under severe attack too. The reason is that it is viewed as a mere late introduction or wishful thinking. They claim that the doctrine was never taught by the Apostles let alone the Reformers. Thus, they dismiss it as an imaginary doctrine not worth wasting time over. But Dr Tim Trumper has ably proved that the doctrine is both Biblical and taught by the Apostles as well as the Reformers. Others who reject the doctrine because as far as they are concerned, God cannot adopt mere sinful mortals. How can God have children? they argue hurling it out with the scorn they think it deserves. The group that holds a remote, removed and impersonal God especially find this doctrine nonsensical. But reading the
Refer to Peter Barnes article Tom Wright and modern Evangelical revisions of Justification by faith,The Banner of Truth Magazine, August-September 2000 issue # 443-444. Can also refer to Dr S Dyers extremely insightful article at the following site: http://www.banneroftruth.org/pages/articles/article_detail.php?195, accessed on 26/08/2010 413 Interestingly, some articles published by the Reformation Revival Journal (www.reformationrevival.com) by Travis Tamerius & Rich Lusk seem to support Wright, appealing to the Evangelical world to objectively, honestly read Wright aright and follow his arguments! Refer to Volume 11 # 2, Spring 2002 which focuses on Justification: modern reflections. This issue deals with Justification by faith from a historical perspective as well as highlighting some current thoughts on the subject such as those raised by N.T. Wright.
412

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scriptures will reveal that adoption is indeed scriptural and a sweet tonic to the saint as it answers the question as to how both Jews and gentles are brought into one family. As earlier intimated, may have explored this truth, preached or taught it across the centuries. Two of these great minds are the great CH Spurgeon414 and Dr D Martyn Lloyd-Jones (in his monumental Ephesians series). Certainly, these were not mere dreamers of wishful thinkers!

Conversion
Many hold that conversion is merely shifting from one religion or denomination to another. They think it is a mere change in philosophy or practices period. But conversion to Christ is far much more than that. It includes a total paradigm shift both mentally and otherwise. It includes renouncing the previous sinful way of life and embracing the Christ through faith. While others just get converted by merely assenting to or declaring allegiance to several facts a number of times, conversion to Christ is from the inside out. Thus we may say that conversion happens in the conscious life and involves two aspects-Repentance and faith.

Preaching
Today, there is amazing debate as to the relevance and effectiveness of preaching as historically practiced. Others even dismiss preaching as obsolete, out of step with the times and even inconveniencing! Others claim that preaching is alright but what matters is the content, where they fill the pulpit with all sorts of drama. A lot of research has been carried out in response to this and the following are the ways people claim to be most effective way of communicating the gospel: a. Reasoning with souls: the first group claims that we may preach from the pulpit but do not too aggressively preach or pace around the podium or pulpit. This group suggests and actually asserts that todays mind does not being lectured to but reasoned with in a calm, logical and collected manner. Some within the Reformed fraternity415 hold this view and go to great lengths to support their view and approach. b. Shouting: The traditional kind of preaching is still tenaciously held by many churches today whether Reformed or not. This approach involves someone preaching from the Pulpit, raising their voice tone regardless of the congregation size. The more one shouts, exercise their diaphragms or displays some antics such as pacing around, sweating, acting and the like, the more they are perceived as serious. Fewer and fewer churches now practice this approach though in religious contexts like Zambia, this approach is common rather than the exception.

414 415

Refer to sermon # 228: Adoption-The Spirit and the cry , reprinted by the Spurgeons Ministry, December 2009 One of them Is Dr Peter Masters

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c. Graphic, audio and video: Another group holds that there is need to change with the times so that the church remains both user friendly and relevant. In such churches, latest cutting edge technology is exploited to communicate the gospel where the listener not only gets graphical presentations but statistics, audio and even presentations. Many churches are veering to this direction. d. Lay preachers: this emphasises lay preachers taking turns to mount the pulpit or some evangelistic venture. In such a setting, no formal Pastor exists but the Priesthood of all believers doctrine holds sway. In some circles, the sex of the preacher of the day does not matter. What matters is the word! e. House groups: this approach emphasise house churches or units within a given locality. This was the most common mode in the early church and thus explains why the apostles referred to a plurality of elders as opposed to one elder. Each house group has an elder or over seer who probably is part of a collective body of elders headed by the preaching elder when they meet say on the Lords Day. f. Others emphasise the miraculous or Charismata hoping that the Unbeliever among them will be convicted and eventually true to the saviour. In such settings, a charged atmosphere is generated and all sorts of words are spoken which in many cases frighten or startle visitors into believing that God is among these people. g. The last is the alter call system. As earlier intimated, Finney largely introduced this practice but you and I would agree that this is now a run-away monster beyond control. This has been abused by nearly every one that practices it into forcing confessions out of people, many of whom do not even actually get converted. Despite the huge numbers of recorded conversions, there is scarcely any impact on the world, what could be the reason? I suggest that it could be that most of those people are not actually regenerated but emotionally moved by the moment. When they recover, they abandon everything with severe scorn! This makes them hardened and twice the children of hell. That said some fine Christians are salvaged through this corrupt system though! In all the cases presented above, we see that the church attempts to create a contact point with the lost so that they may be saved. Some approaches are good, biblical and plausible while others are far from scripture and not worth considering. Whatever pragmatic approach, the aim is to have a correct presentation of the gospel faithfully delivered and people allowed to make a sober decision whether to close in with the Christ or not. The church must be relevant and create many contact points to interface with the lost, for that is part of our commission, to go out there and pluck them out of the fires! Summary as relates to current thinking
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The table below attempts to summarise a wide campus of teachings or views held across the world. The table is specifically designed to answer the question Does X hold or know about regeneration in their belief system? It is thus not an exhaustive treatment but a birds eye view, an over view.

Denomination/ religion/Ideolog y

Belief in the new birth?

How a person is put right with God

View of Holy Scripture (i.e. Bible)

Comment

Reformed

Yes, regeneration by the Holy Spirit (monergism).

By the Inerrant, immediate authoritative work of the Holy Spirit when a person is made alive in Christ. Justification by faith is a key tenet in the Reformed faith.

Hold that the Bible alone is the final word of God and nothing outside it. Most reformed churches are doctrinal, confessional and Cessationist though there is an increasing number of people called Reformed Charismatics some of whom have gone beyond what Dr Martyn Lloyd Jones taught. Examples of such people include the venerable Wayne Crudem, RT Kendell, John Piper, JI Packer and a host of others that claim to be Open to the Holy Spirit. Largely Cessationist and hold the Bible as the highest court of appeal in matters of life and doctrine.

Reformed Baptist

Yes, holds on The Holy to modernistic Spirit is the regeneration author, initiator and completer of the act of regeneration. Immediate act of the Spirit

Hold on to inerrancy, sufficiency and final authority of Scripture in all matters of life and

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not mediate. Reformed Church in Zambia (RCZ) Yes but allows for infant credo baptism Regeneration by the Holy Spirit

doctrine. Hold on to scripture as final authority in all matters of life and doctrine. Originally planted by the Dutch Reformed Church. This church has a very sound credo statement that has been translated into the local languages and recited often. Apart from infant Baptism and a few little deviations, the Church is very sound in the main, holding on to the Reformers teaching as revealed in the word of God. Like any other Church, it has had its own struggles but remains solidly committed to the word of God. The Presbyterian denomination is believed to have initially been facilitated by people like John Knox, the Scottish reformer. The Presbyterian church believes in a presbytery type of church government as opposed to the Independents or Congregationalists. This presbytery or body of elders rule over and provide doctrinal direction for the entire denomination. They set up church policy and practice. That said there are theoretically no
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Presbyterian

Yes, holds regeneration

Repentance and faith, hold Justification by faith

Scripture is held to be authoritative, final and rule of life/practice

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bishops (as distinct from elders, for they distinguish these) in the denomination. The Presbyterians are sound in about every sense and are distinctly Biblical in every sense but hold infant Baptism. They argue also that the mode of baptism does not matter but the idea is what is critical. Most Presbyterian Churches are Calvinistic in doctrine. In Zambia however, for some reason, the Presbyterians are not as vibrant or focal compared to their fore fathers and legacy (i.e. the English, Scottish or New England Puritans.) Evangelical They hold the new birth as essential though interpretations differ on the nature and out working of Justification by faith (i.e. Conversion in the conscious life). Some hold synergistic regeneration while others hold modernistic regeneration. Scripture is the final court of appeal though different hermeneutic approaches lead to different interpretation . This movement came out of the initial Protestant Reformation churches insisting on the Bible alone as the standard and source of all Religion. If it was not in the Bible, it was rejected but accepted and practiced if Biblically based. While denominations like the Lutheran Church retained some of the traditions practiced by the Roman Church such as vestments, the evangelicals emphasised the new birth
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and biblical church order and practice. However, even the evangelicals have been infiltrated with all sorts of divergent views and opinions where the Bible is interpreted in different ways. The Evangelical of today is very different to the one of yester years. The Salvation Army Yes, point 7 of the churchs belief states: We believe that repentance towards God, faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, and regeneration by the Holy Spirit, are necessary to salvation. Repentance and faith. Hold Justification by Faith Here is what their statement says 8. We believe that we are justified by grace through faith in our Lord Jesus Christ and that he that believeth hath the witness in himself. Holds on to scripture as the source of all knowledge leading to salvation. Originally started by William Booth (in 1865), the Salvation Army went on to become one of the major charitable denominations on the Christian scene. Deeply evangelical in doctrine, William and Catherine Booth worked their way to set up a rather militant and aggressive evangelistic army of saints that went everywhere to share the gospel to any one on the street focusing especially the poor and marginalised. It adopted a quasi military structure akin to a physical earthly army though spiritualised with a view to enhance Christian response to mans need. Believers pass under the flag rather than undergo the waters of Baptism to enter
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membership having made a vow to serve Christ. Brethren In Christ (BIC) Yes, they hold regeneration by the Holy Spirit Repentance and faith. Hold Justification by faith and the need of Christs atonement for mans salvation. Scripture is held as final authority A Church with Anabaptist roots, the denomination stands tall among the worlds influential Christian denominations today. It was established about 1778 in Pennsylvania, USA by Jacob Engle and others. They are convinced in believers Baptism by immersion as stated in their confessional statement of 1780. They insist on peaceful coexistence avoiding all manner of violence including war. Their roots originate from the Anabaptist/ Plymouth brethren who tenaciously hold on to scripture and its literal application. The brethren are of two types, the open and the exclusive or closed brethren. The former are relatively open to other saints and to some extent easier to interact with while the latter are particular, closed in and rather reclusive. They are very particular about their creed as taught by the founders (John Nelson Darby and others) and will
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Christians Yes, they hold Missions in regeneration Many Lands (CMML)/Brethre n

Repentance and faith, having been regenerated. Some hold monergism while others hold synergism.

They hold scripture as the final authority. Anything outside the complete canon is rejected.

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not easily interact with others outside their denominational circle. That said the brethren strive to hold scripture as the final authority although their insistence on women veiling and not having full time Pastors has caused the brethren to come under criticism. They however summon Biblical authority for their practice such as the Priesthood of all believers (I Peter 2:9) or Women veiling/remaining silent in worship as instructed by the apostle Paul in I Corinthians 14: 34 The brethren are very aggressive evangelistically (at least historically) and largely influenced by their eschatological views. Darby is reputed to be the father of modern Dispensationalism. Like other denominations, several splinter groups have emerged from within the brethren among them, the Charismatic wing. Evangelical Church of Zambia (ECZ) Yes, holds regeneration by the Holy Spirit Repentance and Faith Hold on to scripture and reject anything This denomination was constituted in Zambia after the entering of the Africa Evangelical fellowship in
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outside it, at least on paper.

1910 and largely worked in North western province among the Kaonde people. Basically founded on evangelical principles as enshrined in the Holy Bible. That said, this denomination is evangelical and holds on to scripture as the highest court of appeal though has been infiltrated with the Charismatic overtones in recent years. Actively came into being 1901 in the USA, led by Mr Parham in Topeka, Kansas. The Azusa street revival of 1906 led by Mr William J Seymour added impetus to the rapid explosion of this movement. The denomination was for a long time one of the fastest growing denominations in the world but has had other off shoots such as the Charismatics. Classical Pentecostals have some respect for the written word of God. They were once known as the tongues movement which emphasised baptism with

Pentecostal Assemblies416 (institution formed in 1914)

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Refer to Anthony E. Del Giudices little booklet Tongues published by the Chapel Library. Booklet originally written in the 1940s prior to the rise of the Charismatic movement in the sense we know it today.

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or in the Holy Spirit as a second work of grace with the evidence of speaking in tongues. The reception of the Holy Spirit was believed to be conferred by the laying on of hands as was the case in the book of Acts (e.g. Acts 19). An example of a classical Pentecostal is Jimmy Swaggart or Jim Baker. Largely regarded as Evangelical though a sect exists within them, the United Pentecostals, which is Unitarian and therefore heretical. They are hard to fish out because they emphasize what everyone emphasises today, the charismata. Charismatic Movement417 Yes they hold regeneration but it is not clearly defined because many ideas are floated bordering on charismata and Largely by public confession or sinners prayers guided by spiritual leaders. Others point to some supernatural experience Scripture is mere guide and contains the word of God, believe in new/fresh or extra biblical revelation. In effect, this movement rejects the This movement has had many roots from as far back as the first or second century led by Montany (Montanism) but subsided though pockets come up along the centuries (e.g. among the Anabaptists). Montanism troubled the church and was silenced for a while by the apologists but showed up in the great

Refer to Giudices booklet for a brief background on this group/movement. Other sources worth referring to are by Peter masters (The healing epidemic), Kenneth Haggins He gave Gifts unto men, Chantrys Signs of the Apostles or The Charismatic Chaos. These books give both an outsider and insider view of how the movement functions.

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superstition. Their view of regeneration is often pelagian or semipelagian.

such as a crisis, healing etc as the genesis of their salvation.

notion that the canon of scripture is closed, rather revelation is still forth coming even today.

awakening (e.g. the French Prophets) of the 18th Century, the Irvingites to some extent RA Torrey and finally on a broad scale after 1960 when they effectively became a movement and a force to reckon with. In the 1960 explosion, the movement was ignited by a father Dennis Bennet, the rector of St. Marks Episcopal church in Van Nuys, Califormina USA and rapidly spread like bush fire all over the states and to the ends of the earth. Today, a flood of Charismatic stars exist. Among these stars include Kenneth Hagin, Kenneth Copeland, Benny Hinn, Creflore Dollar, Earnest Angeley and Prophet T.B. Joshua of Nigeria. This is a movement (not denomination) and thus not limited to one denomination or congregation. Unlike the classical Pentecostal Assemblies, this movement emphasises signs, wonders, the miraculous and lately, have extended to generational curses (i.e. the deliverance movement etc)
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among many. This group does not hold the holy scriptures as the final authority but as a mere guide meaning extra biblical revelation is accepted if not expected. The subtle thing about this movement is that it does not preach the gospel but focuses on secondary issues such as money, wealth, health, miracles or testimonies. This is a hedonist antinomian movement which some believe could usher in the antichrist mentioned in 2 Thessalonians 1 & 2. It thrives on ignorance of people and extorts millions, yea, billions of dollars out of unsuspecting gullible followers. Being extremely popular, it attracts millions across the world with state of the art places of worship as well as effective use of the electronic media. Dr Peter Masters of the Metropolitan Tabernacle among others has written some helpful books to counter and question this movement. Biblical exposition is not popular and in fact viewed as stifling the Spirit. Anything
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goes in a Charismatic pulpit. Everything is relative. In a nutshell, this movement fits in well in a relative and humanistic postmodern context and thus inclined towards man centred worship rather than God. Baptist Yes, they hold regeneration though from a Semi-Pelagian perspective. Repentance and faith in the Lord Jesus. Others emphasize good works Generally hold the Bible as the final authority although practice may suggest otherwise. The Baptists are of various origins and persuasion. While most are Arminian or Charismatic in doctrine/ practice, some are Calvinistic or rediscovering their Calvinistic roots. One distinguishing feature of all Baptists is their insistence on Believers baptism by immersion as opposed to infant. With Presbyterian roots, the Churches of Christ is one of the lively evangelical churches that has been consistent in its witness of the faith with outreach efforts all over the world using various means such as colleges, schools in addition to congregations. The denomination is strongest in the USA where it runs successful Universities, colleges and schools as well as good theological colleges. The
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Church of Christ

Yes they hold regeneration but often Semi-Pelagian in slant.

Justification by faith but emphasise baptism as essential to complete the salvation process. Biblical conversion is clearly held and taught.

The Bible alone as the final authority in all matters of faith and life. The churches hold scripture inerrancy. The Churches tend to avoid using the word

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theology in preference for the word Doctrine because they view one in line with scripture (doctrine) while the other as mens interpretation of what scripture says. The church thus rejects all creeds outside the Bible. Methodist Yes, they hold both modernistic and synergistic regeneration, depending on which congregation one attends Repentance and faith. Hold Justification by faith Scripture is held as authoritative.

Church has also effectively exploited the internet to further spread gospel. The distinctive feature about this church in addition to holding historic justification by faith is their insistence on baptism to complete ones salvation. The Church also insists that only Christ is the head of the Church and no other.

This church has its roots from the Holy club practices in the 1730s. This group consisted of students at Oxford University who later were instrumental in the great evangelical awakening of 1737 onwards. Notable early members of this group include John and Charles Wesley and George Whitefield among others. Their methodical practice is what eventually became the denomination name.
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Methodists are of different sorts. Some are Calvinistic (after Whitfield and Howell Harris) while others are Arminian, after John Wesley. Once influential in England, the Methodist potency has been in steady decline over the years with some of their chapels being closed, sold or turned into places where other activities take place e.g. meditation centre. Wesleyan Yes, the new birth is a distinctive feature of this denomination Scripture is Repentance and faith upon authoritative exercising ones will to accept salvation offered in Christ. This is further refined by a point called prevenient grace which actually enables a person to choose salvation in Christ. This is an indirect admission of total depravity though the As the name itself suggests, the Wesley brothers, the church emanates from the holiness movement, modelled after John Wesleys Arminianistic teaching. Formed in 1843, the church emphasises entire sanctification and human more agency in relation to salvation, having split from the Methodist Episcopal Church. Heart purity is central to this denomination.

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denomination rejects the doctrine as stated by Augustinian Calvinists. As far as Wesleyans are concerned, anyone has an equal chance of being saved since Christs atonement is universal. Anglican (Evangelical) Yes the Evangelical wing holds biblical regeneration Though the larger section holds baptismal regeneration. The Spirit regenerates and gives life The Evangelical party holds on to scripture as final court of appeal though it allows for the Prayer book, as well as the 32 articles of the established Church. Although some argue that the Anglican church has never been evangelical or reformed, the Church has none the less had an evangelical party that exists even today within her vale. Because of the insignificance of this party, the church is considered as never held the doctrine of forensic Justification for instance. This view is understandable given the denominations history. It was once an extension of the Roman Catholic Church but when a dispute arose between the British monarch and the Pope, the former severed all contacts with Rome and assumed
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headship of the church. Thus, although the church changed its allegiance, the Romish tendencies remained within it and still do today. As time went on however, a new generation of preachers, scholars an saints having strong links to the Reformers to the continental reformers begun to converge around the established church and thus pushed for church reform from inside. There was considerable opposition from the crown resulting in the martyrdom of many valiant clear minded saints from about 1555 onwards. At a later time, various acts were passed which were either oppressive or unfavourable to this new wave of reformation leading to the great ejection of 1662. Not every Puritan left the Church at that time however. A remnant lingered on and some of them distinguished themselves whose works we cherish even today. Names like William Gurnall, JC Ryle and John Stott are examples of some prominent Evangelicals
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that have firmly stood for this Biblical truth within the churches ambit. Later additions like Tom Wright orbit within the Anglican framework. Protestant Yes, though they focus more on Justification by faith as the key doctrine from which all others emanate or link in. Believing on the Lord Jesus Christ and then Justified (i.e. Justification by faith) Historically, these churches tenaciously held on to the Bible and Bible alone. Anything outside the holy writ was rejected. Here lay the strength of the Church against Romanism. The watch word was summarized in the five Solas; Sola fidei, sola gratia, sola Christus etc. For nearly five hundred years, the Church of Rome failed to break this code but now
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The Protestants were a group of people that walked out on the Roman Catholic having discovered the great doctrine of Justification by faith as enshrined in the Bible. They are dubbed Protestants because of their protest and rejection of Romish doctrines, traditions and papal authority. The spark of this Protest first ignited in Germany and led by Martin Luther set the stage for the all the latent Protest which up to that time had been suppressed. The sixteenth century saw the door open up for dissent and birth of a new set of denominations outside the Roman Catholic Church. Today, the original Protesting Churches are few and far between compared to the later Churches that include the Evangelical, Charismatic and Reformed, all hailing out of the now relatively
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an compromised Protesting opportunity denominations. has arisen as many of these churches abandon their first pledge to the Scriptures in preference for whims of men. Lutheran Yes, though veiled under the overarching doctrine of Justification by Faith. Repentance and faith. Justification by Faith is a central defining article which Lutherans hold. Scripture is final and rejects anything outside it. That said, the denominatio n has carried on some practices from the Roman church such as vestments etc. rejects transubstanti ation. Founded by the Reformer Martin Luther after nailing 95 theses points on a church door on October 31, 1517. The church stands solidly on Justification by Faith though has retained some traditions from the catholic church such as vestments and bodily presence of Christ during the Eucharist. Ulric Zwingli and others quarrelled with Luther over such things. The Puritans detested anything that reminded them of the papacy. A combination of at least three denominations that clustered to make one denomination. These include the Methodist, Presbyterian and the
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United Church of Yes, but Zambia (UCZ) rarely preached or emphasised.

Repentance and faith though rarely preached. Outward ceremony

Holds Scripture as final though creed has a largely Presbyterian

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takes the centre stage.

slant. The position held by the Presbytery may take pre-eminence over scripture at times Scripture is highest court of appeal

Church of Barotse land. Franois Coillard (missionary) and other early missionaries contributed to the mission work in Northern Rhodesia.

Reformed Church of Zambia (RCZ)

Yes, though not emphasised in some congregations . However, the denomination is to be commended for its unique ability to effectively catechise its members in the Reformed doctrines held by the Dutch Reformers Yes, but rarely heard of in the denomination in the evangelical sense.

Repentance and faith though not emphasised in some congregations .

Has Dutch reformed roots and is highly Calvinistic in Creed. The church has deep roots in the Eastern Province of Zambia and has a synod/Presbyterian type of church government that makes decisions for the entire denomination. The church is confessional and has translated most of its creeds into vernacular languages. It practices Infant Baptism.

Presbyterian

Repentance and faith though rarely preached in the church.

On paper, still hold on to scripture but tradition at times takes centre stage.

Once champions of orthodoxy and reformation. Most of the Puritans were Presbyterians. This church has a synod kind of Presbytery or body of elders that control the entire church.

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Catholic

Parts of the Catholic church do believe but the interpretation differs. Some of it is Biblical while the other is not.

Views also differ here. Some hold good works while others hold a mixture of faith and works.

Some hold that scripture is a good guide but not sufficient. Traditions come in.

The word Catholic in its strictest sense refers to the Universal Church regardless of ones affiliation or denomination. It is in general sense that we use it here. To refer to a particular denomination, Others hold we add a prefix such as that the Bible Roman. In that sense alone is the then we can say that this sole authority holds on to the fundamental and inerrant dogmas alongside other as well as sections of the church such complete. as the Trinity. The Roman Catholic Church (i.e. Not the Catholic Church) claims to be the original church from which all denominations hail. By that The Church token, it claims among also holds on many things to be to extra infallible, representative of Biblical Christ and the very way to books such salvation as taught to the as the congregants. One must apocrypha therefore think very books such critically before they as abandon ship. For over a Maccabaeus, thousand years, the Roman and Tobit. It Catholic Church reigned also holds supreme with a Pope at its Mariology, helm. The Church claims praying for Apostolic succession from the saints and the apostle Peter (the Rock) good works. right down to the present The Bible is not final, the church is supreme over the word.
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Roman Catholic

Not in the evangelical new birth but one done by baptismal regeneration

Good works, nice character and people can pray for your soul to move from purgatory to heaven, hence salvation is possible after death.

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day. In that dark age period, they church sunk into all sorts of abuses, superstition and extra Biblical strange doctrines. The Reformation is what broke the power of the Roman church when Martin Luther posted his 95 theses on a Church door one day (Oct 31, 1517). This would generate the formation of the Protestant which in itself would disintegrate into countless different denominations today. The Pope at Rome of the Western Church still claims to be the head of the church and affects world politics significantly. The strength of the Church is its traditions, hierarchy and longevity because of its strategic manoeuvres. Its greatest weakness is its-non Biblicity in doctrine and practice although many mighty philosophers have arisen within her ranks to defend it. One of them is Dr Karl Keating whose voluminous works express some unmatched level of philosophical thinking and arguments. In summary the Church of Rome holds a Pelagian/Semi-Pelagian
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view of salvation based on works. The Church is the final authority rather than the Bible. By that token, the church through the Pope can decree, add or subtract from the Holy writ. For a long time, Many considered the Church of Rome as the anti Christ because of its past atrocities towards humanity. Others consider this not a Church of Christ but a cult with changing faces over time. Only the strategic thinking eye can discover the true nature and identity of this entity. Anglican No, except the evangelical wing holds on to the new birth Baptismal regeneration and church membership Hold on to scripture plus some traditions largely because of Roman Catholic Church influence This church was set up in England as the established church where the Queen or King is the head of the institution. There have been attempts to reform it towards a more Biblical church but this effort has been met with resistance. Presently, the Church appears more to resemble to Roman Catholic Church (with its Bishop of Canterbury, a type of Pope). The Church has been split in recent years over several issues the worst being the ordination
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of homosexual clergy. The African wing including some sections of the Church in South America have steadfastly refused to accept the position taken by the Church in the richer north. Since the great ejection of 1662, the church has never been the same and steadily has been declining. Clearly, the 32 articles, prayer book and church tradition take precedence over the holy scriptures. Cults and others No, though some of them may mention the word born again or regeneration yet mean something completely different from what the Bible means or teaches. Good works as well as subscribing to some teachings or practices such as taking a vow, ritual or engrafting. Most of the cults in the final analysis reject the Bible or its claims. Some subtle ones appear to cling to or spring from the Bible when actually their authority lies elsewhere such as the writings of their cult leaders, bizarre supernatural This section deals with those religious entities and organisations/ philosophies that either uphold or deny the existence of a supreme deity. Usually, a cult has a central figure at its core who dictates or around whom teachings revolve. Another aspect is that they have veered from one or several fundamental truths of the Christian faith such as the Trinity. Another point is that cults are often very subtle and complicated in their beliefs or practice. One needs to have excellent first-hand knowledge of the Scriptures to detect them or
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experiences or some obscure apocalyptic claim.

their errors. Usually, they major on the Minors of the Christian faith and trivialise the Major tenets of the faith. A striking observation is that most of these are very well funded with wealthy adherents. The cults often are clandestine in their operations and often work under wraps. At times, persecution strengthens rather than weakens their faith in their beliefs. Others in this section hold on to some ancient relic that depicts/ semblance of the Christian faith or even have a common back ground with the Christian Bible. For instance, they may share the Old Testament with the Christian faith but either veer off at a tangent at some point or stop somewhere thus rejecting the Lord Jesus Christ as the Saviour of mankind.

Jehovahs No. This 418 witnesses (JW organisation or Watchtower) clearly denies
418

Good works and belief in Jehovah

Views the Bible as the word of God

These are Arians that deny the divinity of Christ and thus reject the Trinity.

Though people some suggest that the cult is mutating/changing direction from Prophecy, doctrine or numbers to a new image for itself. It refuses to be called a church but prefers the term organization. This new move in some sense is true but essentially remains the same. Refer to the Metropolitans Sword and Trowel magazine issue # 1, 2000. Interesting article on page 19 entitled The Watchtowers new image by David A Reed.

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the new birth though it equates this to water Baptism

but interpretation is completely warped leading to all sorts of errors and convictions, far away from what the Bible intends to communicate . Largely apocalyptic in world view and approach to scripture.

Their doctrine revolves around their founder, Russells teaching. This is one of the most dangerous heretical groups every age has encountered. In fact, the sect refuses to be called a Church but an organisation. There has been some kind of revival of this cult globally because truth is now in the minority. For instance, on every major high way in Zambia, at every 5 kilometres or so, you find a Kingdom Hall structure strategically placed. They have far more foresight than many Evangelicals realise for they (JWs) are proactive rather than reactive. The cult produces two well known and established magazines (the Awake & Watchtower). One is scientific while the other is doctrinal. Get hooked on one and then long for the other, a smart bait! Though there are debates as to whether this is truly a cult. Theologians are divided because these hold some fundamental doctrines such as the
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SDA

No, though some sections of the church in recent times appears to hold on to

Good works, obedience to the law as well as baptism though some

Hold on to scripture and the writings of the Ellen G White. These latter

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the new birth. The confusion lies in the fact that the church uses the same evangelical jargon but at times means something else.

recent Adventist theologians combine spiritual renewal (regeneration? ) with baptism to make salvation complete. In fact, salvation is viewed as a process rather than an event. Only in Heaven will we know if we persevere in doing good. These variations are the ones that make it extremely difficult for Evangelical theologians to correctly classify this denomination whether cult or evangelical.

writings are considered authoritativel y inspired by God and therefore at par with Scripture though an average SDA will deny this. They would prefer to explain the writings as the Lesser light akin to what the moon is to the Sun.

Trinity alongside others. Some have tended to place them among Protestants rather than a cult. The reason is because there has been some evident shifts in some of their doctrines, at least how they bring them across. Others argue that this remains a cult because it is centred around the writings of Ellen G White whose writings are considered at par with scripture as the lesser light akin to what the Moon is to the Sun.

Mormonism (Church of Jesus

No, it is submitting to certain

No, it is all Does not about what we hold do, practice Scripture as

Revolves around the teachings of smith and the book of Mormons which is
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Christ of Latter day saints)

ceremonies and regulations

and believe relating to Mormon teaching

final but instead places emphasis on Smiths 1832 revelation The Book of Mormons.

viewed at par with the holy scriptures. Believes in priestly Ministry and allows polygamy. Prevalent in USA, Utah, salt lake city but have spread across the world. Blacks are now allowed to be priests but in the past were forbidden since not considered worthy or clean enough. A cult that has hailed from within the Catholic Church. It focuses around a central figure (former Roman Catholic Priest) and combines a lot of traditional African practices, mysticism and rituals/activities. This cult is largely found in or around Mpika. There are other cults such as the Lenshina or Lumpa Church whose theology basically has nothing to do with Christ per se. These fall into the same bracket as the Mutima or Sweet heart cult. Eckanker is a mystic religion that claims to have direct contact with God within the person, connected to the supreme being above. The cult holds that each person has a
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Mutima

No, regeneration is foreign to this cult, only works are emphasised

Works and observance of some cultic rules.

The Bible is used but as one of the many sources of direction. Selected portions of it are used.

Eckanker (ECK)

Does not believe in Biblical regeneration as such but in spiritual renewal

By purifying the soul of Karma (sin) when the ECK is involved. Adherents are

The Bible really has no place in this cult, and probably consulted occasionally

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through several practices as one engages the ECK (Holy Spirit, they say)

progressively purified as they engage in what is known as spiritual exercises, soul travel, past lives etc. These techniques emphasise the issue of sound and light. Eckanker carries the connotation of working with God or some such implication.

as one of the many sources of truth on some cult specific related teachings such as the Holy Spirit etc. The teachings of a central focus spiritual leader are authoritative, not the Bible. This teaching however is in continuous evolution/im provement. This religion is a kind of metamorphos ed Gnosticism or ascertism.

particle of God in them which was transmitted to the earth and is thus purified by the ECK until all karma or at least most of it is removed. Some of its major doctrines include: Soul is eternal. Soul exists because God loves it. Soul is on a journey of Self- and GodRealization. Spiritual unfoldment can be accelerated through conscious contact with the ECK, Divine Spirit. This contact can be made via the Spiritual Exercises of ECK and the guidance of the Living ECK Master. You can actively explore the spiritual worlds through Soul Travel, dreams, and other spiritual techniques. Spiritual experience and liberation in this lifetime are
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available to all As highlighted earlier, every ECKist believes they and they alone have direct communication with the God within them and above, unlike all other religions. Meditation is a central activity in this cult. Reincarnation and out of body travel are strongly believed in these circles. Transcendental Meditation (TM) No, regeneration is foreign to this cult. What it focuses on is peace, tranquillity, fulfilment and health enhancing. There is no salvation needed in this religion but emphasises having a healthy life here and now. Has nothing to do with the Bible but rooted on the teachings of various religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism etc. It is now taught as a scientific approach at a fee to bring about health and reduce stress. This is a meditation technique founded or made popular by Maharishi Yogi in the 1950s. This cult focuses on meditation for about fifteen to twenty minutes twice a day where the subject uses specified techniques to meditate thereby deriving immense health benefits such as peace and tranquillity of soul. Although initially had religious roots and connotations, it mutated over time to a semiscientific position and thus was able to appeal more to the secular Western world. It is practiced in many learning institution and private individuals across the world. Interestingly, it is also taught in some schools! One Zambian
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President nearly introduced this cult on large scale in Zambia in 1989 there about but the vigilant Zambians vigorously opposed this attempt. Church of Barotse land Originally yes because evangelical in nature though not clear now, given the traditions of men that have compassed it. Justification by faith as evidenced by conversion. Works in practice seem to take the central role. The Bible is one of the Many reference sources although this church has strong evangelical roots; hence the earlier name Evangelical Church of Barotseland akin to the free church of Scotland. This is a traditional church found in the western part of Zambia where indigenous people are affiliated. It was one of the churches that was incorporated or fused into the newly formed United church of Zambia (UCZ) in 1965 but pulled out of this union in 2002 there about. Notable people that may have been instrumental to the formation of this church were the earlier missionaries like Franois Collard (Paris Evangelical Missionary Society) and others. However, with time, the church has become especially traditional incorporating many traditions into its worship service. This church, mostly common in the USA holds many Evangelical tenets but rejects the Trinitarian doctrine in preference for the Unitarian doctrine where only the Father is
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Unitarian Church No, the denomination rejects the Trinity, Predestination and original sin. The
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Some kind of Justification by faith evidenced by conversion but regeneration

Claims to hold on to the Bible alone as the sole authority for the saint.

denomination also rejection eternal Hell.

is not a tenet among them. Many of them tend to be ecumenical and was legalised in the UK when the Trinitarian act was amended and later repealed. This also gave entrance to Islam and other like minded faiths. Interestingly, this socinian group rejects the propitiatory atonement.

Though similar doctrinally to conservative evangelical churches, this church is non Trinitarian and viewed as liberal

God not the son or the Spirit. This group for all intents and purposes appears like any other Evangelical church but rejects one fundamental Christian Doctrine. It is interesting to note that the Unitarian Church has a long history as far back as the first century (so some sources claim) but is in serious decline in the UNK, with less than 6,000 adherents, most of whom are over 65. The other name for this group is Socinian as taught by Laelius and Faustus Socinius in Poland (in the 15 and 1600s). The reader must take note that this group is different from the Unitarian Universalism which is not Christian at all but another serious cult.

Coptic Orthodox Church419

No, focuses on rites, ceremonies and sacraments to forgive sin. Regeneration is not a

Good works, observing the sacraments and church traditions/teac hings. This sect has a mixture of

The Bible is referred to but not the final authority. Interpretation of the same scripture is

The Church is centred around what is known as St. Mary or Mariology. The church venerates/honours Mary the mother of Jesus as immaculate, sinless and the mother of God or

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Refer to the following site for more details: www.copticchurch.net accessed on 11/11/2010

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central tenet

Biblical teaching and asceticism within it.

not the evangelical hermeneutica l approach and thus arrives at different conclusions. The Book of ecclesiology is an authoritative source other than the Bible

Theotokos. By virtue of her being selected from among many virgins, it certainly means that she must have been flawless morally and spiritually. The Church has multiple sacraments that include: Priesthood Baptism Holy Matrimony Unction of the sick Holy Eucharist Repentance and confession Confirmation

In many senses, this resembles the Roman Catholic church except that it has placed Mary at the centre of its worship rather than God (although they claim Mary is only an example for them and not taken Gods place!). One prominent Coptic church member is the former UN secretary general, Boutros Boutros Ghali. Moonies or Unification Regeneration is not held but the family Observance of Does not rituals, hold the ceremonies Bible as Revolves around cultic Korean religious leader Sun Moonie who conducts
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Church

(church or individual) is key to establishing a world of peace. This grouping is thus strongly ecumenical.

and cultic ideals. Salvation is not a central tenet per se.

authoritative but as incomplete revelation which Moonie has come to close and fulfil. Their fullest expression is in a volume called Divine Principle where all the teachings are laid down to be observed by adherents. Bible is one of the many sources this cult refers to but is actually anti Bible in many senses.

mass marriages. They are also in various businesses across the world. The central claim is that Jesus was killed prematurely and thus did not accomplish his mission one of which was marriage and raising a family. Moonie has come to complete this task. The forbidden fruit in Genesis is taken as sexual sin, hence the stigma around the act. The main goal of this cult is to establish Gods physical Kingdom, universal salvation and peace.

Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCK)

Regeneration although mentioned by some adherents is not essentially held or believed in.

The Cult mentions salvation of some kind but focuses on everything else apart from the Cross of Christ.

This cult has recent origins in Brazil and has spread rapidly across the world. It claims to have only one doctrinal statement-Do that which is right which may eventually lead one to salvation. It is thus ecumenical and rejects some biblical teachings claiming that these have been misinterpreted. For instance, the doctrine of Hell is rejected and instead the church emphasizes prosperity, wealth and a good life here below. The
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cult has often been accused of all sorts of things including Satanism due to some of its clandestine activities which may be viewed unethical in evangelical Christianity. New Apostolic Church No, Works regeneration is not held since this cult is probably universalist. It also holds that no one can tell whether they are saved or not. The Bible is an appendix and not final. The Apostles word is above scripture and adds to it. This is a cult within the Christian fraternity that believes in an elaborate hierarchy of church officers commencing with the Chief Apostle himself right down to the shepherds and lay people. The Church believes in apostolic succession and continuing ministry of the apostles today. Thus, when members go to church, they are not allowed or encouraged to carry Bibles nor refer to them when the apostle is speaking lest they be viewed as disbelieving or arrogant. It has German origins and has spread all over the world as well as makes occasional broadcasts to its global audience at immense cost. The church seems very well financed and poised to increase its global influence given its immense resource base and wide reach.
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Buddhism420

Regeneration in the biblical sense is not part of this religion but holds on to rebirth or reincarnation into another life form in the next life

There is no salvation is the sense Christians understand things but emphasises a kind of self determination what one becomes in the next life. Buddhism emphasises spirituality none the less especially as practiced by the monks who seclude themselves from society for the purposes of meditation and prayer.

The Bible is not the central focus but one of the many reference points...The teachings of Buddha carries more currency and weight.

This cult predates the Christian faith and has its roots in northern parts of India where Buddha believed and taught different things relating to life and living. This religion does not have a specific set of writings to refer to per se but is a set of rules which should guide the living today because the shape they take in the next life is contingent on what they do in the present life. Below are some of the Buddhist ethics or beliefs: The five precepts are training rules in order to live a better life in which one is happy, without worries, and can meditate well: To refrain from taking life (nonviolence towards sentient life forms), or ahims To refrain from taking that which is not given (not committing theft) To refrain from sensual (including sexual) misconduct To refrain from


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lying (speaking truth always) To refrain from intoxicants which lead to loss of mindfulness (specifically, drugs and alcohol) To refrain from eating at the wrong time (only eat from sunrise to noon) To refrain from dancing and playing music, wearing jewelry and cosmetics, attending shows and other performances To refrain from using high or luxurious seats and bedding

The complete list of ten precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods. For the complete list, the seventh precept is partitioned into two, and a tenth added: To refrain from taking food at an unseasonable time, that is after the mid-day meal To refrain from dancing, music, singing and unseemly shows To refrain from the use of garlands,
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Islam

Regeneration is foreign to Islam because God is impersonal and does not have any children or connections. He stands alone literary.

Conversion to Islam by the three fold verbal declaration that only Allah is God, submitting to him, observing the stipulated rites/activities as well as doing good to all.

No, the Bible is rejected as corrupted over the centuries. The Koran, as revealed to Muhammad is the supreme authority for this religion. Some sections of the faith believe that the Koran is uncreated and therefore eternal while others hold a contra opinion.

perfumes, ointments, and from things that tend to beautify and adorn (the person) To refrain from (using) high and luxurious seats (and beds) To refrain from accepting gold and silver[90] This is presently one of the fastest growing religions after Christianity. A number of reasons account for it. Firstly, it has received wide publicity in the worlds global media in recent years especially after the 2001 bombing of the twin towers in New York. The second is the violent and forceful philosophy of the religion which is imposed as it dominates lands. Finally, there has been a lot of migration of Muslims to the western world in recent years, many of them as potent business people while carrying their religion along. This religion was formed by the Prophet Mohammed (570632) who handed down Gods revelation (Allah, Arabic) as recorded in the Quran. Those that belong to this religion are called
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Muslims or Moslems (i.e. those who submit to God) while the religion is called Islam (i.e. making submission to God). There are several types (or denominations) of Muslims within the religion with different emphasis and convictions. The prominent two are Shiite and Sunni Muslims. One of these considers the Quran as eternal and uncreated while the other holds the opposite view. However, both hold that any translation into another language of the Quran constitutes a corruption and thus the translated text is not viewed as inspired. That partly explains why Muslims consider the translated Bible as corrupted and full of errors. Some have considered Islam as the Anti Christ while others do not think it is a threat at all. The Muslim God is impersonal and does not have any contact or dealings with humans for Allah is holy. He communicates through the written laws and regulations in the Quran. The closest Islam gets to
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contact their God by proxy is through the Angel Gabriel. Any one opposing Islam is declared an enemy and a Jihad sanctioned against them. An example is Salmon Rushdie who has been in hiding since 1990. The western world is viewed as the Christian west and thus a target of terrorist attack because they are viewed as polytheistic infidels. However, Islam is not exactly hostile as largely perceived because it is a peaceful religion with human fair and just laws. Malise Ruthven421 has attempted to explain what Islam exactly is about, the quest for a just society. All the terrorism and violence attributed to it is dismissed and considered propaganda by people who do not understand the soul of Islam. Dr Marshall of the Dordt College has done an excellent analysis Islam in his article Understanding radical Islam in the March 2010 Pro Rege issue. In that write up, he attempts to explain the real differences in Islam as opposed to
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Islam: A very short introduction, Oxford University Press

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fundamentalist/terrorist Islamists. New Age Movement422 No, regeneration is not known or accepted in this cult. Interestingly though, some parts of the Evangelical movement have indirectly adopted some New age concepts and practice, if not vigorously defend them. Salvation is not a point for of serious consideration for this group although it does engage in philosophical thinking. The Bible is not the sole source. This cult has been evolving over the years and so its written tenets though they are not uniform nor universally accepted by adherents. This movement broke grew out of the Theosophical society423 which is a Greek word for divine wisdom. The New age movement begun by Alice A Bailey (1880-1949), a British national who immigrated to the USA. She laid the foundation of the movement and was regarded the Movements Priestess. Being a Spiritist, she claims to have received messages from a so-called wisdom master-the Tibetan Djwal Khul, which messages she wrote down as expressed in numerous books. Her secret teachings are still followed to this day which include keeping from the public eye until 1975. Her basic teaching hinges around the plan for a new world order. Among its plans, the organization claims to have the answer to the worlds needs using many different approaches including mysticism,

422

Most of the materials drawn from a research paper by Fra John Carlo Rosales, FFI as well as other reliable sources

423

This society was formed by Helena Petrovna Hahn Blavatsky (Ukraine Born, 1831) and Henry Steel Olcott (American lawyer) in the 1870s in New York. They were both Spiritist students and wrote much in the process. Some of the Theosophical society leaders relocated to India and settled there.

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occult, astrology methods among many. The central idea is not salvation but improving the lot of human kind. In a sense, this organization fits well in the post modern era. In every sense, this is a present version of Gnosticism integrating religious, philosophical and scientific insights drawn from different sources//traditions mainly Hindu philosophy and scientific occult practices. The movement has its own scriptures and mantras that regulate the organization. Some of the practices include Yoga, meditation and astrology. Confucianism No, has nothing to do with religion but everything with right living before men (this includes hard work, dedication, excellence etc). Salvation not part of this philosophy. Encourages right living and hard work. Confucianism is not really concerned about the state of the soul but emphasises serious study, morals, justice, family Does not have any relationship to the Bible but is based on the teachings and writings of Confucius a Chinese philosophical thinker in ancient times (born 551 BC). This is a philosophy or way of living and doing things. Established by and around the writings of a Chinese legend, Confucius in the far east (i.e. China, Japan etc) it promotes hard work, honest and well being for all men. It is not strictly a religious sect but a philosophy by which people live and react to life.

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ties and fairness. Bahai No, Bahai does not hold biblical regeneration because it accepts many ways to God through successive prophets all pointing to this one true God, almighty, inaccessible, eternal and impersonal. No, Bahai does not hold any specific tenets relating to salvation but has at least three principles namely, Unity of God, Unity of religion and unity of mankind. This cult is therefore universalist and all embracing. The teachings of Bahaullah are central not the Bible. Mono theistic religion incorporates all the major religions This religion holds that there are many ways to go to God as expressed in the multiplicity of religions. Thus any religion is correct and an expression of the one true God to which the entire human race aspires after. The Bahai faith thus has many messiahs leading to the one true God. Any one is thus free to attach themselves to any religion without any adverse repercussions. Largely grouped among the oriental eastern religions, Bahai has spread across the world commanding a following due to its universal appeal. This religion is largely in India and has millions of gods. Any and everything can be a god depending on how it has been coined or denoted. For instance, a cow is sacred in Hinduism and thus must be revered and treated well. It has evolved over thousands of years and is all embracing to any and every religion, thus no central focal point like other faiths.

Hinduism

No, regeneration is not held by this polytheistic religion.

Conversion is historically not found in this all embracing religion probably because of its historical roots. The religion did not have any competition at all until much recently when

Bible is not necessarily regarded as the central authority. Other scriptures are revered and considered authoritative because it has no single founder.

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evangelisation of other religions is threatening this faith. Atheism No, Atheism rejects any notion of God or any supreme being either here on the earth or anywhere in the Universe. Since Atheism says there is no God, there is also no need of salvation or conversion. Reform out of a willing heart or education/trai ning is accepted as reasonable not an supreme being. This rejects any kind of organised religion and claims to be without God. It does not have any scriptures per se but reinforces its existence by the writings of men. This religion has had different proponents and adherents. It exists in different forms. Although its original proponents would deny that this is essentially a religion, it is one none the less because it has a creed or set of beliefs that stand against theism. There are certain presuppositions and tenets one has to adhere to if they are to qualify to be classified as such. For instance, they have to proclaim (without proof) that God does not exist, the world has no purpose or design and that the origins of the universe are random, having begun from a big bang somewhere. Presently, a number of scientists claim to hold on to this atheistic view because they claim that they cannot empirically and factually prove the existence of God, and thus, anything not provable using conventional
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scientific methods does not exist. Atheists hold that no book written by man should be binding or have any divine stamp. They claim that truth is relative, in flux and subject to change as more facts are discovered. Not even science is static they claim. Thus, any book that prescribes absolutes such as moral or ethical standards is viewed archaic, useless and out of date with the times. That explains why an atheist will not impose or dominate their convictions on another (although they do actually attempt to dominate others by their opposition to other contra views such as theism.) Atheism starts and ends on the premise of some kind of faith. Humanism No, regeneration is not once mentioned its ethics. In fact, any talk of salvation, God is viewed as insanity in this No, there is no need of salvation or change. What people need is education, training and development period! God is violently It has its own writings which guide people how they should be, behave or react. This philosophy claims that man is the Humanism is closely connected to atheism if not a branch of it. Humanism believes that human beings are the centre of everything in the universe and must thus be in charge of all things. A humanistic world view holds that any and everything in the world
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philosophy.

rejected by many Humanists.

centre of all things and thus rejects any notion of God. It has had its own God fathers who have promoted this philosophy for many years. Though many types of humanists, exist, its central theme is humanity at the core of everything to enjoy in this present world and now.

must be mobilised and used for the common good of man. Another tenet is that man is part of the ecosystem, with no special place but part of the cog. Thus, humans must fit into this system and contribute to its preservation and exploitation rather than degrading or destroying it. Thus, a humanist condemns the religions that elevate man as special created to dominate the world. They hold that it is this view that has led to the present global problems facing the planet such as global warming, climate change, reduced biodiversity, and civil unrest among many. Humanism does not believe in any inspired book or deity preferring to enjoy life here and now not a pie in the sky as some religious people believe. Humanism has been accused to be behind some of the worst atrocities presently practised in the world such as homosexuality, abortion, mercy killing among a host of other problems. Their high priest is no doubt..

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Social science

No, there is no God but some other explanation for what happens or why people behave the way they do.

No, salvation is irrelevant in this field although different types of social scientists exist.

This does not have any central focal scriptures or teaching but is made up of observations resulting from human behaviour. It is not an exact science per se but attempts to give answers to a relative world, since it is relative itself.

The social sciences largely focus on studying human activity and evolution as the context changes. Thus, these hold certain tenets which do not fall in the exact sciences though claims to use some scientific methods to arrive at truth. The social sciences are not hard and fast about what is fact but rather focus on observed habits, reactions, experiences and human inclinations. For instance, the social sciences are premised on the humanistic philosophies that humans respond to the context in which they find themselves rather than a radical inward transformation stated by the Bible. For the social scientist, back ground orientation, exposure and training is what changes the person not pressure tactics employed by religious fanatics over vulnerable souls. In the social scientist world, God does not exist but people have to make do with what they have and improve their lot. In other words, everything is relative in the social science domain, no
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absolutes! Evolution No, regeneration is not once mentioned in strict evolutionary circles. Salvation is rejected because God does not exist. Species are said to have evolved by natural selection and continue to do so. The hot bed of this theory stem from the writings of Charles Darwin or his later heirs like Kant etc. It claims to be scientific but is actually not science in the strictest sense of the word. Evolution was first suggested by Charles Darwin in 1859 when he published his epoch making book, The Origin of Species. In that watershed book, Darwin, a theologian of sorts, suggested and contended that the world was not created by a divine being as taught in the Bible but species actually progressively evolved from lower to more complex beings. From a simple cell, evolution has progressed to produce human beings who themselves are still evolving slowly into something else. In his new world view, Darwin suggested that only the fittest organisms survived while the weaker ones were extinct in the evolutionary process. Basically, evolution begins on a premise of faith although claims to be scientific and an alternative explanation to the origin of species as well as the world. Evolution dethrones God and enthrones a process that is unguided, random
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and ongoing. Basically, most of todays teaching in many Universities is premised on the Evolutionary assumption as taught by Darwin and others like Dawkins etc. Ecumenical movements (e.g. World Council of Churches) No, regeneration is largely not accepted as universal though some sects within this wider bracket may hold on to some kind of renewal, though not in the biblical sense No need for salvation, many ways are suggested on how to get better to ones neighbours! No central text or scripture superior over the other. Any and every inspired text from different religions are accepted or admitted as helpful. The Ecumenical movement has its roots from around 1975 when a group of denominations decided to cast off their denominational distinctions in preference for human unity. This ecumenism is based on one God which all religions accept or believe and not specifics such as Salvation by Grace or belief in Gods Prophet /Messiah. As can be seen, the ecumenical movement is now wider than the Christian faith but is open to all religions that are interested in world peace. The group thus is intolerant to strong doctrinal convictions but open to relative common beliefs that are perceived to promote peace and unity among human beings. This grouping therefore does not have one single authority and can welcome or refer to any religion without
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much ado. Pollitt424 has done a detailed study on this movement and one does well to read through the work. World Wide Church of God No, not in the biblical sense of the word. This cult is quite complex in that it claims to be Universal, Christian and futuristic. Salvation is not its central theme although may be alluded to here and there, and that not in the proper evangelical fashion. Subscribing to particular teachings, possess knowledge in Judaism, sincerity and by birth (though schools within Judaism differ Claims to stick to scriptures but revolves around the writings of Armstrong. It is apocalyptic in inclination. Revolves around the Apocalyptic teachings of Armstrong though some recent reviewers suggest that this movement has mutated some of its views to a more evangelical position425. The cult has been publishing a well known magazine, the PLAIN TRUTH.

Judaism (Yehudah)

Does not hold the New birth, it is a foreign concept to Judaism

Hold on to the Hebrew Bible not the Christian one. Their sacred scriptures are binding on religious Jews

This is one of the oldest surviving religions (though some argue that it is a philosophy rather than a religion) in the world from which several world religions have emerged directly or indirectly. One of them is Christianity which was effectively hewn from this ancient

424
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The Interfaith Movement: The New Age enters the Church, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1996 Refer to Nichols L & Mather Gs book: Discovering the PLAIN TRUTH. Check the Metropolitan Tabernacle bookshop cataloque of Winter 1999

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over the question, who is a Jew?

religion. The other religion is Islam (the Quran has parts of the Hebrew Bible). Islam calls Judaism as People of the book and share a special relationship. Basically, Judaism, as the name suggests, is found among the Jews and relates to the God of Israel, although various denominations of this exist (i.e. Orthodox, Reform and Conservative Judaism). It is based on the Hebrew Bible and retains many of the rites as commanded in the Old Testament. Its worship takes place in synagogues or Temples. Among its core tenets, Judaism still expects a Messiah to come and redeem/reign over the Children of Israel and flatly rejects Jesus as that long awaited Messiah. The other core tenets are found in the Maimonides' thirteen principles of faith426 although other formulations exist to which different Jews subscribe. If one wants to convert to Judaism, they have to subscribe to certain terms, knowledge, sincerity and

426

See appendix for the thirteen principles

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practices which then can allow them to be included in the religion. That is what makes a Jew, traditions and beliefs (although humanistic Judaism rejects the religious aspect). Nothing of regeneration is known in Judaism.

We could go on to list other equally significant cults and religions but the ones highlighted above should suffice. Among the cults we could mention are the Church of Scientology, Christian Science, Shintoism, Jainism, Chinese religion, Deism, Epicureanism, Gnosticism, Greek Religion, Hare Krishna, Mayan religion, Hedonism, Nation of Islam, New Thought, Rastafarianism, Sikhism, Spiritism, Stoicism, Taoism, Zoroastrianism, Wicca and Pantheism among many other. The Big Religion Chart has given an excellent summary of the major religions.427 For now we hurry on to conclude of this chapter. Summary The exponential proliferation of religious grouping and cults in the recent years is over whelming. One hardly needs to travel far to gather evidence relating all these facts. If the apostle Paul walked in many a city today, like he did at Athens (Acts 17: 16-34), his spirit would definitely be troubled by what he would find. The root cause for these developments is simple to discover. Our lot falls in post modern times in which relativity is the currency of the age. Anything goes and nothing is to be declared wrong or right. The second reason is probably the Truth has not been as vigorously proclaimed as it once was. The primitive Christians were ready to lay down their lives for Christ but not so now. Could it be that the times are not revival times? For the Amillenialist, this seems to confirm what they have always said and held. But then this could only be a temporal set back before Christ returns to reign in his earthly Kingdom at the end of the age as held by the Premillenialist. Whatever the case, things do not presently look attractive or plausible. There is urgent need to address this matter in keeping with the blessed hope. In the final chapter, which is in effect our last lap, we briefly peer into the future and attempt to postulate what may or may not happen as relates to the great doctrine of regeneration. This is a critical cap chapter because we there suggest areas of investigation for future researchers.
427

For further reference, access the following site: http://www.religionfacts.com/big_religion_chart.htm accessed on 20/10/2010

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Bibliography Barnes Peter, Tom Wright and modern Evangelical revisions of Justification by Faith, The Banner of Truth Magazine, August-September 2000, pp40-51 Belcher Richard, A Journey in Grace, Richbarry Press, 1988 Boer R, Harry, A short history of the early Church, Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1976 Boettner Loraine, The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination, Presbyterian and Reformed publishing company, 1932 Boston Thomas, Human Nature in its four fold state, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1997 edition Bullon Alejandro, Signs of Hope, Accra Publishing co, 2009 Chantry J Walter, Signs of the Apostles, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1973 Cook Michael, The Koran: A very Short introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000 Davies Eryl, An Angry God? Evangelical Press of Wales, 1991 Deere Jack, Surprised by the power of the Spirit, Kingsway Publication, 1993 Dyer H. Charles, World News and Bible Prophecy, Tyndale House Publishers Elson Ron, Greenhouse Theology, Monarch, 1992 Engelsma J David, Evangelism and the Reformed Faith, Chapel Library Eryl J, An angry God? Evangelical press of Wales Evangelical Belief, Intervarsity Press, 1935 -------glimpses of World Religions, Jaico house, 2006 edition Geisler Norman L, Christian Apologetics, Baker Academic, 1988 edition Glimpses of World Religions, Jaico Publishing House, 2006 edition Grudem Wayne, Systematic Theology: An introduction to Biblical doctrine, Intervarsity Press, 1994 Guidice Del E Anthony, Tongues, Chapel Library, Hagin Kenneth, He gave gifts unto men, Faith Library publications, Rhema Bible Church, 1992
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Harman A.M & Renwick A.M, The Story of the Church, Intervarsity Press, 1958 Heffren H. C, Daniels Prophecy: An examination of, Chapel Library Hugh Selwyn, Revival: Times of Refreshing, Kingsway Publications, 2001 Hulse Erroll, Post Modernism: Attack on the heart of Biblical Christianity, Chapel Library Jones R Hywel, Gospel & Church, Evangelical Press of Wales, 1989 Jones R Hywel, Gospel and Church: An evangelical evaluation of ecumenical documents on church unity, Evangelical Press of Wales, 1989 Jong C Paul, Return to the gospel of Water and the Spirit, Hephzibah Publishing House, 2001 Judaism, available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism, accessed on 25/06/2010 Lacey Nigel, Apostles and Prophets, Lusaka Baptist Church, 2004 Lloyd-Jones D M, Knowing the Times, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1989 Lloyd-Jones Martyn, The Sovereign Spirit: Discerning his gifts, Harold Shaw Publishers, 1985 Masters Peter, The Healing Epidemic, The Wakeman Trust, 1988 McElveen Floyd, The Mormon Illusion: What the Bible says about the latter-day saints, Kregal publications, 1997 edition Merle dAubine J. H, The Reformation in England (Two volumes), The Banner of truth Trust, 1963 edition Morgan C Campbell, The Acts of the apostles, Pickering & Inglis Ltd, 1924 ODonovan Wilbur, Biblical Christianity, an African perspective, New life literature (pvt) ltd, 1992 Olson Gordon C, Beyond Calvinism and Arminianism, Global Gospel Publishers, 1981 Perkins William, The Art of Prophesying, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1996 edition Peterson Dean R, A concise History of Christianity, 2e, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1999 Pollitt J Herbert, The Interfaith Movement: The New age enters the church, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1996 Ravenhill Leonard, Why Revival Tarries, Kingsway Publications, 1959
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Reed A David, The Watch Towers new image, Sword & Trowel 2000 # 1, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Reed A David, The Watch Towers new image, Sword and the Trowel, The Metropolitan Tabernacle, issue # 1, 2000 pp 19 -------Religion Chart, available at: http://www.religionfacts.com/big_religion_chart.htm, accessed on 20/10/2010 Riches John, The Bible: A very short introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000 Ruthven Malise, Islam: A very short introduction, Oxford University Press, 1997 Ryle JC, Warnings to the Churches, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1961 edition Ryle JC, Old Paths, The Banner of Truth Trust, 2005 edition Sargent Tony, The Scared anointing: The preaching of Dr Matyn Lloyd-Jones Crossway books, 1994 Shaw Ian (ed), Social Issues and the Local Church, Evangelical Press of Wales, 1988 Shaw Ian (editor), Social Issues and the local Church, Evangelical Press of Wales, 1988 Shaw Ian, Social Issues and the local Church, Evangelical Press of Wales, Shedd W G T, The doctrine of Endless punishment, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1986 edition Spurgeon C H, A defence of Calvinism, Chapel library Spurgeon C H, No compromise, Chapel Library Spurgeon CH, Adoption-The Spirit and the Cry, Spurgeon Ministries, December 2009 sermon print out Spurgeon CH, An all round Ministry, The Banner of Truth Trust, 2003 edition Stenhouse Andrew, The sin of sectarianism, 1957 Stenhouse Andrew, The Sin of Sectarinism, Keeling and Mundy Ltd, 1957 The Great Controversy ended Better living publication, 1990 Wallis Arthur, In the day of thy power, Kingsway publications, 1956 Walter Martin, The Kingdom of the Cults, Bethany House Publishers, 1965
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Woodrow Ralph, Daniels 70th week: Future or fulfilled? Chapel Library Wright Tom, Justification: Gods Plan and Pauls Vision Yerby R.B Up, Up and away, GAM Publications, 1976

Chapter 7 New Creation doctrine in future

Clearly, the historic foundational doctrine of regeneration is under serious threat if not trashed
already. What is worse is that even among those that claim to stick to the Holy Writ, some reject monergistic regeneration as once espoused by our spiritual fore-fathers in preference for humanistic philosophies. The Reformers, their heirs or the thin thread of ancestors before them made much of this truth as couched in the gigantic doctrine of Justification by faith. They unearthed Justification by faith along with its related doctrines like the new birth after having been lost for nearly a thousand years. Regeneration has deep biblical roots and foundation which no sane theologian or Christian dares deny. What differs perhaps is how they interpret or explain the new birth from the scriptures. This final chapter therefore focuses on what or where this doctrine may eventually turn out to be in future. Although we cannot precisely point out what is likely to occur many generations hence, we may safely employ the present realities to strategically postulate into the future what may eventually happen then. Further, Reformed Christians do well to think outside the box so that they prepare NOW for what may inevitably come to pass. If thus fore-warned, then the church shall be forearmed, equipped to handle whatever betide then. In any case, the apostle urges or encourages Timothy to highlight some of the perils that would soon or later affect the church and thus impact his congregation at Ephesus. Paul in I Timothy 4 says: 6If you point these things out to the brothers, you will be a good minister of Christ Jesus, brought up in the truths of the faith and of the good teaching that you have followed.7 Have nothing to do with godless myths and old wives' tales; rather, train yourself to be godly. 8For physical training is of some value, but godliness has value for all things, holding promise for both the present life and the life to come. 9This is a trustworthy saying that deserves full acceptance 10(and for this we labour and strive), that we have put our hope in the living God, who is the Saviour of all men, and especially of those who believe. 11Command and teach these things. 12Don't let anyone look down on you because you are young, but set an example for the believers in speech, in life, in love, in faith and in purity. 13Until I come, devote yourself to the public reading of Scripture, to preaching and to teaching. 14Do not neglect your gift, which was
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given you through a prophetic message when the body of elders laid their hands on you. 15Be diligent in these matters; give yourself wholly to them, so that everyone may see your progress. 16 Watch your life and doctrine closely. Persevere in them, because if you do, you will save both yourself and your hearers. Jude would further add his voice when he calls upon the saints to contend for the faith once for all entrusted to the saints428. And so in this spirit, we seek to peer into the future using our sanctified imagination. Only time will prove or disprove our telescopic insight into the future. In these degenerate days, everything appears to be in flux. Nothing is static, steady or constant. We may say, as others have aptly quipped The only thing that is constant is change. This is the currency of the times and any one hoping to withstand this once static crumbling dam wall will be crushed under the weight of the water as it comes rushing downstream. To swim against the strong current of modern heretical and erroneous teaching is a tough job only for the stout hearted. The faint hearted better stay clear, far from where the action is taking place. In order to correctly respond to the rapid changes, one has to be properly armed and possess a trained eye that detects trends long before they develop into mighty uncontrollable floods. In the quest to neatly table our case before our readers, we have elected to highlight some pertinent issues affecting us today and tomorrow in point form. Every effort has been made to expand on some points so that we make them clearer to our readers so that they better appreciate the issue(s) at hand. Here goes: New ways of salvation rather than the traditional views In keeping with the rapid changes as well as relativity that envelopes the times into which our lot fall, people will pick and choose what they want to believe or practice. Whatever sits well with and pats them on the back will not only be welcome but whole heartedly embraced as long as it remains profitable. If it threatens their egocentric private agendas, it will be vigorously discarded if not ferociously opposed summoning all sorts of arguments, even using the very Bible that we all claim to espouse as saints. They will endeavour to paint legitimate sound Biblical doctrines with the darkest colours they can come across. For instance, modernistic regeneration teaches that only God regenerates immediately rather than mediately, the human heart finds this position repulsive. This is because human pride and boasting is removed and eclipsed by the grace of God. The Semi-pelagians and their heirs the Arminians advocate that man has a say in his salvation and thus has the power to reject or accept the grace of God. Thus, because human inability clips all pride wings, it (modernistic regeneration) is presently painted black and viewed as primitive or erroneous. A humanistic mindset prefers to take charge of their destiny and make God subservient to their personal wills, no matter how corrupted! This humanistic thinking party has many disciples in these relative times. But what does the scripture say on this matter?
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Jude 3

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This is the big question worth answering. But that is not all. The future holds many more surprises such as viewing legitimate Marriage as no longer solely between a man and a woman as may be the case today. Things are in flux and relative mode emanating from the creative antirealism type of arguments leading to serious relativism. The other extreme is naturalism where humans are one cog in the huge purposeless universe. Many other issues will be viewed from completely different perspectives and angles429. The reason is because we are not be singing from the same hymn book, in this case, the Bible rejected and neglected. The danger genuinely saved future generations may face is that the doctrine of regeneration will not only be covered over with mountains of error but practically unknown! If we are not diligent today, we run the risk of losing it forever and replace it with human imaginations or ingenuity. How expensive ignorance is! How inconveniencing it is to live such a directionless life! But we need to move from this mould for we have lingered long here Decline in doctrinal Christianity opening the door to any and every kind of teaching The Christian Church has and will further witness a decline in doctrinal Christianity. The post modern winds ferociously blow against the Christian grain and thus any one holding on to the historic Christian truths is viewed as not only archaic but a needless menace. The wrong things appear right and vice versa. A relative environment and context cannot stomach absolutes and thus does everything within its power to eliminate any opposing or strong view. But truth is stubborn as it will with stand many a battering from every angle. Didnt Paul warn about perilous times ahead? Perhaps those times could have arrived or the beginning there off. He would say: The Spirit clearly says that in later times some will abandon the faith and follow deceiving spirits and things taught by demons. 2Such teachings come through hypocritical liars, whose consciences have been seared as with a hot iron. 3They forbid people to marry and order them to abstain from certain foods, which God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and who know the truth. 4For everything God created is good, and nothing is to be rejected if it is received with thanksgiving, 5because it is consecrated by the word of God and prayer.430 At one time, this prophecy appeared remote, far-fetched and unlikely but here we are, it is nearing fulfilment as it has been in other ages. There has been an evident shift across all fronts in the Church of Christ. Thus, in the absence of doctrinal Christianity, the something else takes its place. The migration is highlighted below: a. From Religion to Spirituality where people focus more on themselves and what they can benefit rather than focusing on the eternal God. This includes Eckanker, Transcendental Meditation, being gods etc. Linda Woodhead mentions a transition from
As evidenced by what we see from the Open Theists led by Robert Brow and others. With the ecumenical movement garnering more clout, we see an unprecedented openness in a pluralistic context where Christianity is viewed as one of the many ways to get to God. 430 I Timothy 4:1-5
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Biblical Christianity (Religion) to Spirituality (or Mysticism) in her book Christianity: a Very short Introduction on pages 104-107. It is a sad fact that Biblical Christianity is in rapid decline. Spirituality has its special allurement to the post modern mind thus wielding some strange power over them. As a result, people prefer soul travel and hold self deification rather than focusing on God, the giver and sustainer of all creation/life. In other words, the spiritual reality that people seek today is different from the spirituality spoken of in the scriptures. The one is humanistic while the other is theistic. Furthermore, Biblical Christianity entails internalising and believing the truth as it is in Jesus while the post modern spirituality is doctrine-less except for the observations of several rules and practices. The Colossians had a feel of what we now speak of. The apostle John also addresses something of the mystic, ascetic and Gnostic teaching that bugged the early church. Both these apostles point people away from strange human centred teachings to the Christ as the very essence of their desires. The empty or dying churches in the Europe and beyond are casualties of the Liberal theology that swept across them and removed the divine essence of religion. In the place of divinity, there have been humanistic innovations that have taken the centre stage. Thus, it is scarcely surprising that churches continue to decay and die. This trend is fast spreading to the other parts of the world especially as western materialistic decadence spreads its tentacles across the globe. b. Motivational speaking rather than gospel preaching. This is in a bid to both remain relevant as well as to keep or attract the crowds. Since many followers are gullible, they will be subject to all sorts of abuse that include extortion, error and even out right wickedness. Many preachers long ago abandoned the preaching of Christ crucified on the cross and replaced it with man centred emotionally charged stories. They not only invent ways of spreading error or half truths but also they shift the focus from the cross. Some even take offence at the mention of Christian soldiers or The blood of the lamb. For instance, the Moonies (i.e. the Unification church cult) think the Cross is offensive and must be abolished or buried! Many modern evangelists would rather talk about everything else apart from the way of salvation as revealed in the simple gospel as it is in Jesus. They treat Biblical truths with reservations, suspicion as if they were something detestable threatening to curtail their evil schemes. In future, this evil trend will not only be entrenched but actually increasingly be viewed as The normal way to transmit the truth. Since pure Biblical truth is detestable and thus, human centred easily stories find currency. People are naturally curiously looking for answers to lifes perplexing questions which this company of quack preachers promise to instantly solve. More than that, the said cowboy/quack preachers focus on the pocket, good health, prosperity and promise liberty from poverty, curses or family troubles. They specialise in talking about and pointing to the ideal rather than showing the HOW TO where by the people are empowered to generate their own wealth as well as properly manage the same. Sadly,
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where they do learn the correct management principles, it is often more often with wrong motives. All these gimmicks come from Marketing text books and if anyone cares to investigate or read for themselves, they will save themselves a lot of embarrassment as well as their hard earned precious dollars. The strategy these motivational speakers employ is simple: First create fear in your subjects and secondly, create dependence on yourself. This scheme also shifts the focus from the cross to the self. Paul purposed to know nothing among the Corinthians save Jesus Christ and Him crucified. His was a determined goal and he went for it. c. Non historical Biblical interpretations. There will be a rise in scholarly for sure, with the availability of many new facts, information and archaeological finds. While this is positive and encouraged, some will abuse these and come up with all sorts of teachings, effectively refuting historical interpretation of truth as revealed in Jesus. For instance, within the Reformed ranks, some will arise that will even refer to the original languages to prove a point, claiming that the truth has been hitherto deliberately veiled by past theologians. An example includes the interpretation of the man-woman relations with respect to gender, feminism or role in the church/home set up. Another school will claim to hold on to the historical truths but whose practice is largely impacted by the relative times attitude. For instance, in the name of Christian liberty, they will become hedonists or antinomians altogether. The sad part is that some of these will be respectable figures. Others will take another twist altogether claiming discontinuity of the law thereby subtly reintroducing a brand of antinomianism. The New Covenant theologians fit this description. Names like Tom Wells, John Reisinger, Jon Zens, Fred Zaspel, Gary Long, Geoff Volker, Michael W. Adams and probably Lance Quinn, immediately come to mind. Now these names are by no means small, perhaps mighty theologians of our day! Thus we walk circumspectly as we differ with them. These men are largely Calvinistic in their theology but have a soft spot for some not-so traditional practices in Reformed circles. They seem to align with Luther and others who did not thoroughly reform their practice and outlook to church life, ceremony, worship and practice. Zwingli has far fewer followers on that score. But in the spirit of the Bishop of Liverpool, we call no man master. The Church is especially warned to look out for these new departures and many more to come in future. Holding onto similar leanings does not mean you are necessarily the same! Dr Peter Masters warnings, although often despised and unpalatable to many Calvinistic brethren should be heeded. Other lone voices scattered across the globe must be heard as well, hoping it is not too late. Again, there is need to heed Stenhouse warning against needless sectarianism! The rise of Evangelical popes and cults where everything is relative

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This evangelical Pope-dom has been long in the making but has steadily been taking shape. While the Reformers laboured to liberate the Christian Church from Romanism, these evangelical imposters have secretly and cleverly weaved themselves into an established institution. It all begun with the twisting titles such as Bishop, Elder, Pastor, Apostle, Shepherd etc and then into hierarchies which we now have entrenched. Everyone of these imposters differing with their mother church rebels and spins off an independent ministry which is not accountable to anyone. The said ministry may elect to selectively submit to scripture or discard it altogether in practice. With time, the founders syndrome creeps in with the ministry initiator at the helm. To ensure they retain power over their ministry, for which they even hold title, they create bureaucratic hierarchies with them at the pinnacle as the Most-high Bishop. This arrangement naturally sits well in previously monarchical contexts. Since in Africa, democracy is far from taking deep root , this approach finds fertile ground and so easily resonates with people. It appears innocent and orderly. But this is amazingly not limited to traditionally tribal societies, it also thrives in elite contexts too! It is shocking how gullible people can become even when they have an open Bible before them. Wycliffe would certainly mourn if he saw what presently obtains. Were the Reformers to awake and see what is happening today, they would shake in their graves or collapse back into death with massive shock! Heresy and error thrive in a context where ignorance of Gods word reigns. Thus, in future, we are set to see more of these popes growing more potent as well as competing with each other much like what obtained between the Popes of Rome and Constantinople in ages gone by. Departure from Theo-centric to humanistic worship Post modernism promises freedom and acceptance of any or everything. In such a setting, nothing is wrong or right but depends on how someone perceives or thinks of things. This breeds a situation where people determine what they think is agreeable to them rather than what God wants. Once this becomes the norm, the God of the Bible is cast out and replaced by human centred worship. Tale-tale signs of this abound everywhere today. People flock to church to be motivated, encouraged, to receive physical healing, demon cleansing, curse breaking and name it but the Cross is no longer the centre. Granted, all these activities take place in the guise of Christianity but is actually a subtle way to reject Biblical Christianity. That explains why churches are presently like Disco houses filled with loud music, theatre, dancing and all. Gods worship is not primary but how or what I feel and experience is what is important. Egocentrism rather than theocentrism is the centre of worship. In fact, some take strong exception when the gospel is faithfully preached and people urged to flee from the wrath to come! Hell preaching is not only strange but bitterly opposed! Another angle though is worth mentioning. Even among the so called Reformed brethren, claiming to hold on to the solid truths as set out in scripture, there will be and indeed are new departures from the truth as passed on from our fore-fathers.
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Many are plagued with the unmortified desire to be dubbed a success and thus will not rest at anything to attract crowds to their mammoth structures. They will slyly introduce all sorts of things into worship which shift the attention from Theo to humanistic enjoyment and delight. This comes and will come in various ways, some even summoning some heathen philosophies to justify their case. The increasingly common hide out for such people is to resort to explanations given from a genetic perspective! I am sure when the apostle Paul was warning the Ephesian elders431 about ravenous wolves to rise from among them in future, they probably may have doubted him as the perspective was probably remote at the time. I am sure it did not take long to prove the apostle right as evidenced in his pastoral epistles like I & 2 Timothy. Reformed churches also therefore need to sit up, be alert and keep watch! Ecumenism is the inevitable result once the Biblical standards are hurled out Without any parameters, the church naturally slides into rationalisation and humanistic ways of thinking. Herbert J Pollitt432 has done an excellent detailed study on this and demonstrates what happens to the Church of the Living God if compromise sets in. Numbers and not truth becomes the most important thing. The case of Tom Wright is another case in point where a gentleman wilfully or genuinely confuses themselves. Their agenda and motive still needs close scrutiny. In one sense, they want to remain relevant and in another, they want to bridge the gap between Papists and Evangelicals. These are the kind of people who keep trying to make the narrow road wide. Rejection of confessional Christianity This trend towards creedal rejection has long been the case for some time now despite its advantages (i.e. Confessions and creeds are helpful). Many reasons have been advanced for this stance, some reasonable but the bulk not convincing. The liberal relative climate that obtains in the post modern context detests absolutes, accountability or control. A confession is viewed as a paper that binds or ties down some one rather than a clear written expression of what one espouses or stands for. Though very popular at one time in the Churchs history, confessions appear unwelcome, archaic or even unknown today. There is urgent need to return to these ancient paths for even our fore fathers in Acts 15 formulated some kind of a creed in their day. The open theistic camp fits this profile. Paul on the other hand would state his credo statement like this: We believe that Jesus died and rose again433 The man knew what he stood on! Why should we shy away? Exponential proliferation of cults and non Christian religions
431 432

Acts 20: 29 The Inter-faith movement: The New Age enters the Church, Banner of Truth Trust, 1996 433 I Thessalonians 4:14

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In the absence of truth or standard, anything goes. There is no way of ascertaining what is wrong or right. In a context like this, everyone is right. The scenario we find in Judges 21:25 holds where people do as they think best. Once the truth has been cast out, error or heresy swiftly fills the vacuum. We may further say that this explains why there has been and continues to be an exponential increase in the number of damnable heresies. The market and climate is ripe for such a setting. For instance, prior to the liberalisation of the Zambian economy in 1991, one could possibly count the number of main line churches and the level of inroads of many cultic groups was somewhat meticulously watched to the extent that even when the head of state then attempted to introduce some Eastern religious practices434, these efforts were opposed if not thwarted. However, come 1992, the great door was opened all sorts of external influences and thus, today, it is practically impossible to accurately tell or count the number of religious entities on the Zambian landscape. With the declaration of Zambian as Christian nation came many other menacing heresies going under the guise of Christian. Could these troubling heresies possibly been kept at bay even after the economic policy change? Possibly yes, their pace of growth could have significantly have been retarded. The Mormons and Jehovahs witnesses for instance are having a field day in Zambia today. One should not be surprised if the theological landscape changes over time from Trinitarian to Unitarian. This proliferation and growth possibly could have been retarded if the sound living churches had internalised a doctrinal standard that easily highlighted any deviation. As things stood, many things were unclear, not to mention the highly fragmented church. The Charismatic movement had its fair share on these churches as it moved across denominations like a wild uncontrolled fire, casting aside the scriptures in the process. This scripture neglect removed the standard which should have acted as a bulwark against error. Heresy rides on the Charismania and thrives on ignorance. Migration of Biblical Christianity from its former hubs to other places Biblical Christianity is presently probably in its healthiest state in Central Africa (i.e. 2010). Whereas, the Church first begun in Asia Minor or Middle east and North Africa, it migrated to Europe and America but now the best deposits of that Christianity are in Africa, and to some extent, South America435. The United States shows both extremes of atheism as well as lively Evangelical type of Christianity but even this is in fast decline there. Europe is a sad case of spiritual dryness. Germany, Netherlands, UK and most of Turkey, Spain etc are all in the post Christian era. A visit to both England and Wales in 2007 by this author evoked tears in his eyes. The relative spiritual dryness was unbelievably painful. Many empty majestic churches lay idle bearing witness of what God had done in the past. Many of the theological colleges are now breeding grounds of all sorts of liberal theologians, many of whom fill the institutional faculties. We must hasten to state though that some exceptions to this general drift exist. The London
434 435

Transcendental Meditation Though the Liberation theology seems to be particularly strong in this region of the world

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Reformed Theological Seminary under the Metropolitan Tabernacle is one example. Many Public Universities now scarcely offer sound theological training, which is distinctly Reformed and Biblical. Others have even shelved the Theological training departments replacing them with more relevant studies. Although once integral to all University education, the study of God and His ways have been cast by the way side. There is therefore need to raise missionaries from Africa to return and evangelise these once spiritually glorious lands. The Christian church desperately needs to reposition itself, so that it remains both relevant and Biblically alive. What is needed are not new unsound innovations of men but Biblically sound methods used more efficiently. The same strong old doctrines are alive, fresh and living. They can achieve the same results, yea, even more if only the Church humbles itself, seeks God, repents and decides to relentlessly work. It can be done with His almighty potent hand on our side. For Christ promised that the gates of Hell cannot prevail against the Church of the living God anchored upon the rock, even our Lord. From worship to profit centre As was warned in the scriptures, many in the last days will view Christian ministry as a means of financial gain rather than as a means to call the elect home. As was the case in ancient times when motivational speakers amused and made a living out of their fine speaking skills, many will hijack Christian pulpits and fill them with their persuasive marketing gimmicks. Further, they will create an atmosphere where the church patronisers will be made to feel good focusing on their egocentric needs rather than the worship of the Ancient of days. Granted, the church is and should function as a spiritual hospital for the burdened and weary to find respite for their souls, but there is everything wrong with that view if the focus of our worship is replaced. The main goal for many a quack preacher is to make money not to win souls per se. Since this is their goal, they will despise any standardization of truth teaching and flourish in a context where ignorance reigns. Further, they will not only distort but also mislead thousands to an early grave. For instance, many saints have been misled in relation to facts relating to HIV and AIDS. While this disease can be contracted in many ways than one, these preachers make people believe that it is only contracted sexually, and illicit sex for that matter! This breeds untold stigma. As though that were not bad enough, they falsely assure gullible saints that once they receive Christ and attend their churches, then they will instantly be cured of the disease, 100% of them! Some have even been instructed to throw away their medication and shortly needlessly perish as the virus become resistant to the drug. All this careless deadly information comes from the thousands, yea, millions of pulpits across the world! Thats how they keep people hooked to their meetings and churches. Resurgence of Paganism, mysticism, astrology, witchcraft and occult in different garb into the public arena
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With the decline of vital Biblical centred Christianity will be a secret and yet open introduction of paganism and its attendant cousins such as astrology, witchcraft etc into public life. No one will question because of the hailing of diversity acceptance The world already sees something of this in many modes such as the Harry Potter series among others in our day. Since everything will be relative and absolutes abhorred, no one will stop to question or hinder new trends on the religious market. Another example will do. The Ecumenism is upon us now and appears unstoppable in the public domain. In fact, the fact of pluralism of cultures, religions and other rationale arguments, many people, including some well meaning saints like John Stott begin to question the facts of the Bible. This has and will open doors for inroads of paganism or any other foul religion to take root. Pagan practices, beliefs and approaches will eventually become the norm while the truth will be sidelined or overthrown as inappropriate. Then the ancient warning of St. Paul will come to pass where people will follow deceiving spirits and doctrines of demons. Doesnt Satan have his church packed with ardent followers today? Are they not as devout to His worship? Why, the ancient prophets warned about this. The church is dangerously sliding into once outlawed pagan practices claiming that they add to diversity, tolerance and wisdom! Take the case of Zambia and Sweden perhaps where the Gospels power and influence prevailed for over a century. With modernism on the rise, these gracious influences are on the fast decline, giving way to a serious resurgence of witchcraft, mysticism, ancient idol worship, clandestine traditional rituals, blood sacrifices and all. These are now increasingly becoming established features of our normal ways of life. This author has attended a few traditional ceremonies across his country and what he has seen there leaves one wondering where we are headed, pure idolatry and witchcraft related practices! This will probably get worse as churches tolerate or incorporate these ideals in the rank and file of the church. It is worth noting however that this new paganism will not only be limited to the church or religious circles, it will spread to, if not spring from other sources such a economic forums, environmental causes and other supposedly well meaning causes. Many of Todays well respected high profile business personalities, whose voice shapes the worlds agenda are rank pagans, meeting in clandestine and at times reclusive resorts to scheme how best to proceed. Some of them even attend our churches at times but their hearts are really out there in the world. Conclusions and recommendations Before we finally conclude, we think it prudent to offer some recommendations and the proceed to our conclusion: Recommendations 1. The Church urgently needs to be urged to return to the scriptures and let the scriptures speak for themselves. The said Scriptures must once again be the final authority. Care however must be taken to ensure that our inclination or prejudice does not eclipse our
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objectivity. The number of Reformed Churches is few and far between compared to the ever exponential increase and avalanche of heretical and erroneous churches, let alone the cults. Sample church statistics stand as follows: Zambia (26), Ghana (6), Malawi (1) but we desperately need more Reformed Churches that sincerely submit to scripture. 2. The church must be intentional in teaching the under growth from every available forum. Innovative and engaging ways must be adopted including the social networks on the internet to engage the novices and children that attend our churches. Rather than neglecting or treating them as mere inconveniences, Children must be viewed as an integral part of church life, though remaining clear that only believers are church members. Thus, Sunday school must be taken more aggressively serious and resources poured in436. This explains why some churches still thrive in the midst of desert conditions round about. Furthermore, the church must expand its contact points with the world and seize every opportunity. To achieve visibility in a busy world of hustle & bustle, the church must be more vigilant and aggressive in its evangelistic campaigns. That may include fliers, brochures, radio programs, websites, email, phone, SMS, buy TV air time, social networking sites such as face book, Twitter, Skype or any other that connects with people across the world. The church may even consider having a virtual congregation scattered all over the world. Placing sermons hot off the press is one idea. Happily several churches have spotted this opportunity and seized it. Writing books (eBooks or hard copy) is another, using current simple language which people can easily grasp. While maintaining doctrinal integrity, there is need to edit or abridge the deep and sound old works of the reformers and Puritans. These abridged versions will act as bridges to the actual works as we find them in Christ Jesus. We must encourage present saints to put pen to paper as a lasting witness for generations to come. 3. There is need to revisit this fundamental doctrine of regeneration afresh. A proper understanding of this foundational truth should sort out or prevent a lot of problems that the church has hitherto encountered. For instance, the Lordship doctrine should never have existed if a correct understanding of the doctrine had been taught in the first place. It could have served as an antidote to error. 4. The Evangelical Church (and probably the Reformed fraternity) has generally disintegrated into smaller constituencies and yet to further fragment into smaller weaker particles if this doctrine is not properly grasped and appreciated. Today, a generation has arisen that does not care about the historical roots or even know the doctrinal name of their positions so that they can rightly take a stand. This has bred relativism (if not
It is important and advisable to take a leaf from the Metropolitan Tabernacle effective Sunday school industry Refer to two books which great books by Gill Masters/Peter Masters & Malcom H Watts published by the Wakeman Trust- Building and outreach Sunday school (2005) & The necessity of Sunday Schools: in the post-Christian era (1992)
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resulted from) in doctrinal matters. For instance, some are groups or individuals difficult to classify though their theological views lean heavily on one side or other. They have many spots and badges as it were. To present a unified effective force, there is desperate need to unify these factions in one way or the other. Plausible efforts undertaken by the Reformed Baptists in Zambia (2005-2010) for instance a commended. One prays that they are premised on truth rather than cosmetic grounds. The Reformed Baptist Churches have come together to set up a University, the African Christian University (ACU) in partnership with equally like minded brethren (brethren of kindred minds) from the affluent West (i.e. USA). This unity addresses at least three needs deep into the future: The first is that this demonstrates manly dominion and exploitation of resources God has granted His people. The second is that this move contributes to reversing or retarding the onset or rapid advance of humanistic thinking from the post modern west. Thirdly, the Church responds to its mandate of fostering justice, poverty reduction or human transformation to the glory of God. Arguments abound on either side but strategically looking into the future, this effort might remain as a beacon of hope deep into the telescopic future, should Christ tarry in His advent. The Dordt College (USA), Adventist University (Zambia), Catholic University (Zambia) and the North rise University (Zambia) are but few examples we can summon to demonstrate the power of unity. 5. Doctrinal unity, uniformity and solidarity are fast becoming an elusive point, yea, a rare jewel. In a relative context, holding on to fixed and hard doctrinal positions are viewed with suspicion and distaste. Closely connected to point (4) above, doctrinal unity undergirds everything and must thus be pursued with all the energy we can marshal. A return to confessionalism is therefore encouraged, not that the confession in and of itself will win the day for us or bring us closer to go. It will demystify a lot of things and make our stand very clear. No need to apologise for truth. 6. Fallout from the Evangelical circle has and will continue to increase. As people read and get exposed to different perspectives and views, some get poisoned in the process, much like what happened to Jacobus Arminius. Robert Brow is another who has been infected by a several kind of open theism couched in liberation theology. 7. As the Church further doctrinally fragments, this provides fertile ground for cults, heresies and false religions to flourish or start. The relative context has allowed anyone to wake up and run with whatever they think is correct. No one can check such ones. False doctrine, heresies and cults take advantage of such fragmentation and then take their place among the long established churches. For instance, Roman Catholicism is experiencing some serious resurgence as many of their philosophers work their way through long held unquestionable doctrines such as Justification by faith. To competently
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handle these cults, the church must be equally armed since they (i.e. enemies of truth) are equally armed. One Roman Catholic philosopher has advised in a book: If Catholics expect to answer fundamentalism, they will have to answer it not just from charity necessary, although hardly sufficient-but doctrine. They will have to appeal not just to the heart but to the intellect. After all, it is truth that sets us free.437 This sounds like a strategic battle cry. We do well to take heed. 8. The Church should never ignore or down play any religion because what may appear minor today may be otherwise tomorrow. Today, what was unquestionably correct yesterday appears old, archaic, wrong and strange! People generally do not like to engage their minds and easily absorb what is easily digestible or available. Doctrinal Christianity is terribly hard work and can consume ones entire being. 9. Although hinted at in an earlier point, the Christian Church must work its way into simplifying the older works for current and future consumption. Some great works remain locked away in Latin, Greek or Victorian English which puts off some modern or post modern readers. There is need to be intentional on this point. The earlier this is done, the better. Thankfully, sound publishers like The Banner of Truth Trust of the UK have been making positive strides in that direction. The downside of that process however is that errors or misrepresentations may be introduced. At other times, the strong points are watered down causing people to focus on other things. Language dynamics has its own challenges. It is necessary however to overcome these challenges in order to keep the readership interested. 10. The reading culture globally is declining in preference for other easier and less involving mediums. Technological advances have generally made life easier and give multiple alternatives for todays consumer. For instance, it is possible to have the entire Bible on audio rather than hard or digital copy. This has implications438. The Church must thus position itself and exploit these media so as to catch their target readership. Social networking means such as face book, Twitter, email etc must be fully exploited. This has been the winning formula for aggressive cults. 11. The former Christian hubs need to be re-evangelized afresh. The advantage is that they already have structures which merely need to be filled with worshippers. The teeming that once occasioned them is the need of the times. Although God is never found in temples made by men, the Church desperately needs to reclaim the lost ground. Only by the aid and empowering of the Spirit will the church be enabled to conquer the lost
437
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Keating, Catholicism and fundamentalism: the attack on Romanism by Bible Christians, pp 343 Positive implications would include more listening to and fitting into some cultural contexts while the negative implication is the weakening of memory verse internalization. People develop a trained ear rather than eye.

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grounds. It will not be easy but must be done. The challenges that face the potential missionaries are immense but with focus and vigour, can be surmounted. One strategy would be to have Reformed Christians migrate to these lands as professionals and work as missionaries while they tent make. There are hazards associated with this approach but how best can we beat the financial burdens, beat immigration challenges as well as to remain long in those respective work areas. Acts 11 gives us an idea to this strategy. Paul himself was a tent maker (Acts 18) and laboured away to establish the church in his locality. Most of the Missionaries that went into the field in the 19th century had professions which they used as they laboured away in the forest jungles of Africa or other places. Now we need saints to venture into the Concrete jungles of Europe, USA and the ends of the earth. Who knows, should Africa (and God forbid) decline to the spiritually deplorable standards of the western world, there will most likely be a healthy deposit at some point somewhere on the earth from which future missionaries will spring. 12. For point (11) above to be a reality, Christians must be intentional is engaging into serious academic pursuits in various fields. The current crop of saints in Zambia for instance, does not relish scholarship and thus disadvantage themselves to contribute globally. In an information age where ideas are the currency of the times, the saint does well to get as much earthly and heavenly knowledge so that they can not only distinguish themselves but make themselves known quantities. Once they etch out a fine route for themselves, then they can easily navigate their way into all corners of the world having a gospel agenda all the while. Many keep away from scholarship mistakenly thinking that they are humble or some other unfounded fear. Some suppose that as they know more things, then they will be less spiritual! This is a debatable proposition because the real issue is whether someone is regenerate or not. If you are truly converted, then I do not need to worry for you because the seed of God that remains in you will keep you focused regardless of your location on this terrestrial ball. I will however be worried if you are not regenerate because this sudden affluence may lead you to an earlier grave! Proverbs 5-7 have many lively hair rising pictures which we do well to heed warning. Saints, pursue knowledge, even if it costs you whatever you have, follow it! Let us fill the institutions of learning, public offices, politics and all. That is partly what made the Puritans an influential generation. They were not only spiritually wise but a hub of knowledge. The Missionary party of the 19th Century were also quite equipped. David Livingstone was a Medical Doctor who has left an indelible mark! He forsook all the temporal pleasures and a promising career all for the sake of the Gospel. Dr Martyn Lloyd-Jones is another who gave up all only to leave a lasting impression on the Christian landscape. God also used other lesser trained mortals like William Carey, but sufficiently equipped them to lay hold of India. Despite being abandoned by his sending Church and financial supporters back home in England, Carey laboured on and today, thousands directly or indirectly
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trace their conversion to this persistent cobbler! Bunyan was another giant that God sovereignly used to his glory. Although he was a tinker439, he bequeathed us the immortal volume, the Pilgrims progress. John Wesley was also a fine scholar in his day and had amazing management abilities to set up companies of regenerate saints all over England. The list goes on but the point is that we desperately need to change our mindset towards scholarship. It hurts this writer to notice how few and far between educated and competent saints are. Interview after interview he conducts in search of saints yields a blank. On the contrary, the world lings excel in these matters! 13. If the previous points (i.e. 11 & 12) are to be realised, saints must be equipped with relevant skills and competencies to disseminate, defend and interact with a dynamic relative world. Presently, many a saint is ill equipped to competently handle the world or its ways of reasoning. This machinery can only be countered if a critical mass of saints are empowered with skills to identify, defeat or intelligently interface with the humanistic ways of reasoning that have pervaded the planet. From experience, this writer sadly notices saint after saint, effortlessly led astray by the spirit of the age. This should not be! We may as well cry with the apostle John, Flee from idols!440 Conclusion This work is now concluded, through its winding meandering paths. We trust this has not only been a worthwhile study but one that equally reiterates the importance of the New Birth. We assert and stamp that without being a new creature is Christ, no one can see or enter the Kingdom of God, no matter how well schooled or credentialed. This doctrine is not novel or new but is as Biblical as any other. As mentioned earlier in this work, Regeneration cannot be separated from the great doctrine of Justification by faith which was the watch word of the Reformers in generations gone by. Well may it be our battle cry in these degenerate days when the very truths for which our fore fathers died are now trifled with and hurled out from our churches. May a day soon arrive when these great doctrines are reinstated to their rightful place and position. Having reinstated them, we must insist a thousand times over that a person must of necessity be born of the Spirit if they are ever going to be saved for only then will they bear fruit, and fruit that will last. We long for such a day when God will revive his work in the midst of the years (Habakkuk 3:2). Amen! Bibliography

That is, a poor man that earns a living by making/repairing metal pots. These were generally viewed as paupers in Bunyans time. 440 I John 5: 21

439

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Bhekorf Louis, Systematic Theology, Banner of Truth Trust Boetner Lorraine, The Reformed Faith, Evergreen Bookshop, Kabwata Baptist Church, 1983 edition Boettner Loraine, The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination, Presbyterian and Reformed publishing company, 1932 Brooks Thomas, Justification, The Banner of Truth Trust, Buchanan James, Justification, The Banner of Truth Trust, Free Grace Broadcaster, issue 141, October 1992, Mt Zion Publications Free Grace Broadcaster, issue 195, International edition, Mt Zion Publications Free Grace Broadcaster, issue 209, Fall 2009, Mt Zion Publications Free Grace Broadcaster, issue 210,Winter 2009, Mt Zion Publications Free Grace Broadcaster, issue 211, spring 2010, Mt Zion Publications Gillies John, Historical collections of Revival, Banner of Truth Trust, 1958 edition Hodge Charles, The way of Life, Banner of Truth Trust Mbewe Conrad, online sermons, The Kabwata Baptist Church web site accessible at www.kbc.org Needham R N, 2,000 years of Christs power: Part one: The age of the early Church Fathers, Grace Publications Trust, 1997 Olson Gordon C, Beyond Calvinism and Arminianism, Global Gospel Publishers, 1981 Pollitt J Herbert, The Interfaith Movement: The New Age enters the Church, The Banner of Truth, 1996 Prime Derek, Bible Guideline, Mt Zion Publications, 1967 Samuel Bolton, The True Bounds of Christian Freedom, The Banner of Truth Trust, Sichone Billy, The Spirit Filled Christian, Trinity Graduate School 2009 Smeaton George, The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit, Banner of Truth Trust edition, 1958 Spurgeon C H, Though he were dead, Spurgeon Ministries, # 121 September 1998
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Warfield B.B, Faith and Life, The Banner of Truth Trust edition, 1974 Watson Thomas, A body of Divinity, Banner of Truth Trust, 1958 edition Watson Thomas, The Ten Commandments, The Banner of Truth Trust Winslow Octavious, No Condemnation in Christ Jesus, The Banner of Truth Trust edition, 1991 Winslow Octavious, Personal declension and revival of religion, The Banner of Truth Trust edition, 1960 Winslow Octavious, The work of the Holy Spirit, The banner of truth Trust edition, 1961 Woodhead Linda, Christianity: A very short introduction, Oxford University Press, 2004

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Appendix
1. Sample questionnaire

TRINITY GRADUATE SCHOOL


ThD questionnaire 2010 Name of interviewee (optional)..................................Denomination & position............................. Date Interviewed:....................................................Place:................................................ Interviewer:..................................................... Introduction

This questionnaire seeks to gather information about your views about the subject of being Born
Again or Regeneration in theological circles. This is a requirement for the partial fulfilment of the Doctor of Theology (ThD) offered by the Trinity Graduate School. Your cooperation therefore is highly appreciated. Regeneration Questions 1. What, in your understanding is being Born Again (Regeneration)? a. Being baptised b. Church attendance c. Inward heart transformation

2. How does one become Born Again? a. Baptism b. Church attendance c. Good works d. Transformation by the Spirit

3. When do you consider some one Born Again?


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a. Repentance b. Good deeds and behaviour c. New attitude and world view

4. What do you expect to see in a person who is Born Again? a. Love for God and the brethren b. Outward reformation only c. Good works only

5. Do you know the difference between Conversion and being Born Again? Explain a. Yes b. No c. No sure

6. Does a person play a part in becoming Born Again? What role is this, if any? a. Yes b. No. May be

7. What are some of the hindrances to being Born Again? a. Bad habits b. Peer Pressure c. Demonic oppression d. Depravity/sin

8. What are the benefits of being Born Again? a. Eternal life b. Wealth and riches c. Good health & Prosperity

9. Do you have Scriptural backing for the teaching on being Born Again? a. Yes b. No c. I cannot clearly pin point from scripture but I know

10. Do you think it is necessary to be Born Again? Explain a. Yes b. No c. It depends on the church doctrine

11. What is the place of the Law in the Christian life?


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a. Essential to salvation b. Not essential to salvation but a rule of life c. Irrelevant today because we are now saved by grace not works.

12. Is the law essential to Salvation? Explain your answer. a. No b. Yes. C. I am not sure

13. Can a Born Again person be demon possessed? Explain your answer with scriptural proof is possible. a. Yes b. No c. I am not sure

14. How can such a person in (13) above be helped? a. Exorcism (casting out) b. Prayer and fasting c. Not necessary because they are set free in Christ

15. Can the Generational Curse affect Born Again believers and to what extent? Please explain. a. Yes certainly b. Not at all C. Possible

16. What do you understand by the statement If the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed (John 8:31-33) in relation to your answer give in # 14 & 15 above? a. A Christian is free in some things though other things can trouble them e.g. demon possession, curses etc b. A Christian is completely from sin and its consequences. C. A Christian is free to do anything they like or want. 17. Do you have any favourite writer/author? Which one and why?

Thank you so much for your assistance and time.

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2. Unregenerate state The road less travelled

It was Friday night and as usual, I was doped. As I totteringly scuffed through the grass, I recalled the exciting events of the night. What a splash! What a boozing spree! The clear sky and cool breeze made me feel exhilarated in spirit as I trudged through the path. The moon was high in the eastern sky and the time was about twenty three hours. I was heading home to Kabanana from the Barn Motel. Strangely, there were no other travellers on that route but this did not bother me a wit. I was buried in my own musings over the evening events. Had not Mabvuto intervened in the scuffle, I would have thrashed Milandu. He was too boastful. I cursed as I recalled the incident. I walked for about forty minutes without disruptions, except from the uncourteous mosquitoes which feasted on my juicy Kachasu441 coated blood. We called the local brew: Silver liver.

As I approached home, I stood on an ant hill and gazed. The compound was sparsely lit because most of the inhabitants were snoring. Only three hundred metres stood between me and home but there was the last thicket to be traversed--the Katungu bush. A thousand stories had been told about the murders on this path. I resolved to brave through the bush since I was a man! and everybody knew that. Once again, I wanted to prove my mettle and thus ventured towards the bush, whistling casually and coolly.

Suddenly, a man emerged from a thicket and jumped into my way. He had a big knife which sparkled in the moon light. Stop, fat warthog!, he roared. My heart beat shot up like a rocket as I encountered my foe. Whawhat dyou want? I mumbled. Your life, sucker! the roughian roared fiercely. In a split of a second, he charged like a wounded buffalo. The man thrust himself towards me, aiming at my heart but I dived out of his way. He flew past and crashed like a misguided missile. Before he could get up, I took my flight, galloping like a Gazelle. As I bolted, another figure attempted to intercept me but I was too fast to stop instantly, I therefore, leapt with all my fibre. It was too late; I could not tower above the rascal. His dagger dug into my thigh as I impacted his chest. We both crumbled to the ground and I suspect I broke a number of his ribs. Once on the ground, my sharp eagle eyes noted that my initial assailant was hot on my trail: I rose up and scampered like frightened impala.
441

A high alcohol content local brew, estimated at over 45%.

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Arriving home a few minutes later, sweating and panting, I examined the injuries sustained. I came off with a cut lip, scarred forehead, bruised hands, and a profusely bleeding left thigh. None the less, I sighed with relief, at least I was alive. Never have I used that route again...even by day-light. It is indeed the road less travelled

Billy Sichone AD 10/11/93 ================================================= 3. Testimony of a regenerate soul Have you gone through that agonising experience in your life when the entire world has seemed upside down? Do you recall the time when circumstances pinned you to the wall to think of the futility of life? Like steam from a boiling kettle, life is here today and soon it is gone and forgotten. In no time we are buried and grass grows over our graves. How frustrating it has been when nothing worked a right. Remember that time when the people around you all seemed to be getting aright with their endeavours. In every sense they tick and are free from all cares, fears and affliction. If this has been your lot, then I must say that your case is not unique. Pause a little and I will gladly narrate to you of the darkest and yet brightest moment in my life. I want to tell you of a man who flushed an eternal light of joy, peace and freedom in my life.

The year was 1987. I had been invited to attend a Scripture Union Camp meeting. The venue was an excellently preserved natural farm situated about 10km west of Lusaka. I had yielded to attend the camp after much persuasion from one of the committee members at school. I cannot explain why I suddenly opted to attend the camp because I had a Tennis Tournament lined up for me that very week. Being a devoted player, nothing could stand in my way but somehow, I changed my decision just to spend my week for God. My previous religious coat had off like a tread bare garment. On 8th August, we assemble at the main Post Office in town from where we were picked. My first impression about the people that I found was negative because they seemed to have some air of unwarranted excitement written all over their faces. Upon initially meeting, probably after a long time, they embraced very warmly. At first, I thought that they were goldcoated hypocrites like myself but as I observed, I noticed some kind of genuineness in their smile. This suddenly offset me and I felt lonely. By about 18hours, we had all arrived at the
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campsite. It was a very quiet place and we had two or three simple structures. I was not impressed. The moment I set foot on the campground, all my peace evaporated and I felt terribly out of place. I desperately searched within myself but could not trace the root cause. Looking around, I noticed that the other campers had a peace and joy, which was absent in me. They claimed to be born again, and so was I because I had been baptized in infancy. I marshalled all my credentials of baptism communion and to comfort me. I convinced myself that I was also Born Again except that I had not known anybody in the camp and previously lacked fellowship. For a season, these grounds kept me afloat. During recreation and games, I was unmatched and so active such that by the third day, everyone in camp had noticed me. As such, I earned myself the title BROTHER BILLY. This added fuel and fir to my zeal. Strangely, throughout this time, a still small voice kept telling me that I was still different from the rest. I often shoved it aside in the wake of the days activities. On the third day of the camp however, I sat down and lamented my lack of concentration during the evening preaching session I often dozed. Henceforth, I resolved to keep wake. That evening I took a shower, ate supper and sanctimoniously walked into the hall. Everyone else piously walked in and sat in silent meditation. At 18:30 Hours, the prayer meeting commenced. As the same progressed, I snored away only to be awakened by a thunderous chorus. When the preacher ascends the pulpit, I was ready for him. He introduced the subject as JUSTIFICTION BY FAITH. He spoke for 30 minutes in which time I was lingering between sleep and listening. My eyelids felt heavier than a ton of iron. Towards the end of the sermon, I rebuked myself for dozing and concentrating there on. Never will I forget those moments. For as soon as I sat up the speakers words came crashing like thunder and lightning upon me. There was much power, weight and conviction in those words. They echoed painfully loudly as they cut the sin filled chambers of my heart. What amount of horror my soul at that moment! It was as if my eyes were suddenly opened to see how filthy, wicked and sinful I was. For the first time I could see the terrors of hell before my eyes. The preacher pounded it on our consciences how that without saving faith in Christ, there was no hope of salvation. He powerfully demolished the mountain of good works as a sure hope of getting to Heaven. All our human efforts including church going and praying cannot appease the thrice Holy God. As I sat in my pew, I trembled at the prospects of being lost forever. My soul became pitch dark and a very gloomy spell set in upon me. Ah, how very heavy it felt! How unbearable! I dared not look to Christ because I was too sinful for Him and felt His blood was could not suffice to cleanse my scarlet sins away. I was chronically desperate but dared not look to Christ. The gospel pounding was too thorough that by the end of the sermon, I knew I was a non-Christian.

At the end of the message, the speaker requested us to remain in our seats if we needed help, while the rest trickled outside to the campfire. To date, I do not know what type of glue kept
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me stuck to that pew wondering what to do. My heart pounded very heavily as though it would leap out of its socket. As the seconds ticked away, hell seemed to be drawing nearer and I could smell death sucking me. Obviously, I did not want to be noticed by other people as a fake or phony B.A and neither could I take any step further in my sin either. I was in deep, deep quandary. So engrossed in the thought that by the time I realized everyone had gone, I shot up to leave but alas some unwelcomed counsellor had already descended on me. I sat down reluctantly and naturally, he enquired of my spiritual genesis. I mumble a few words which gave me away as non-Christian. I had no testimony. The spiritual physician diagnosed my cancer of sin and we turned to EPHESIANS 2 where the Apostle Paul describes the natural state of every man outside Christ. The Apostle Paul shows that because of the fall in Adam all men without exception are born sinners and hence dead spiritually. The counsellor pointed out to me that I was lifeless as a corpse and totally insensitive to spiritual things. This is the picture of every non-regenerate soul! Ah! How desperately helpless I felt! I despaired of ever being saved when he said that all my human efforts could never please God. They are in fact filthy! Without faith, it impossible to please God. I felt I would be vanquished any second by the almighty just wrath of God. As the counsellor went on explaining, I groaned within what must I do to be saved? Like the Philippian jailer, I could see non-way of escape. At the end of our short discourse he rightly pointed me to Christ. We joined the others around the campfire I had no peace. I was full of wild imaginations of the wrath of God lingering over me all the time. Everything that was shared that evening kept pricking my oversensitive soul. When it was bedtime we prayed and everyone else snored away almost immediately. I still had my sins to deal with. Who could help me? Where cold I turn to? Oh the terrible anguish of soul! I reached a point of no return whereby I could no longer endure the painful conviction. In the quite darkness of the room and yet turmoil filled heart, I sent a desperate ejaculatory prayer to Christ- Jesus! Jesus! SAVE ME OR I DIE! From that moment, words fail me, a stream of joy came flooding into my life. I suddenly felt the heavy load on my shoulders washed away in the current o the flood. Behold the chambers of my heart opened! On the one side, my filthy works of darkness flowed out while on the other the righteousness of Christ flowed in. Indeed, rivers of living waters flowed undisturbed. Ah, how refreshing! How exhilarating that moment! In overwhelming joy, I prayed continuously and drifted into sleep. Early the next morning, before dawn, I opened my eyes and wondered what had happed t me. It was time to test whether the nice feeling was still present. To my great joy and surprise it was still there! I felt brand new and knew that all my sins were forgiven. The valves of my heart were open and no longer blocked by sin. The best human illustration I can offer is of one who has just had a warm shower after a hectic, laborious and stuffy day. Thereafter he goes to busk in the sun or near a heater. how refreshed he feels! All the skin pores are unblocked and freshly respiring! That kind of feeling, and a thousand times more is what I felt. I have never been the same since that day. Now reader, I turn to you. I am sure you have read with great pleasure and amusement. This experience can happen to anyone including
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you! It has happed to millions through the corridors of 20 centuries. It happened to Paul (Acts 9), to Cornelius (Acts 10), to Lydia (Acts 16) and the Philippian jailer (Acts 16). Why shouldnt it happen to you? The Lord Jesus Christ with invites you to come just as you are, no matter how filthy. If you are weary and heavy laden with sin, Christ is able to make you brand new- newer, cleaner and more precious than the most costly article the world can offer. Your faith will be of greater worth than gold. Will I put my pen to rest without your turning to Christ? God forbid! I tremble at the thought of leaving you unmoved. Why will you die when there is much a gracious way of escape? Ignorance is no excuse because God commands you to repent and your conscience testifies that God exists. Oh that I could shake you out of your slumber! It is high time to awake. I am about to leave off writing, but on which side of eternity will you be on that dreadful and yet glorious last day? I am content to wait to prove your words on that resurrection morning. Farewell and meet me on the day of reckoning!

Amen. ======================================================== 4. Holiness

"THE PURSUIT OF HOLINESS"

"Pursue holiness without which no man shall see the Lord" Hebrews 12:14

As I put pen to paper, I am conscious of the difficulty that meets us when dealing with this crucial topic of "Holiness". It is a vital subject which deserves far more attention than it receives in our times. Our lot is cast in a time in which any talk about Holiness is repugnant to some people and is treated like a beggar meddling with our pockets. Several reactions come to the fore but at least two definitely will rear their heads. To some, any "Holiness talk" sounds archaic. The very word "Holiness" brings graphic images of being old fashioned, back ward and fossilised. Things like toe touching long skirts, old thread bare bleached clothes, dangerously depreciated tilted shoes and long brittle wire-like kinky hair immediately come to the modern globally minded liberal Christians mind. To others, the idea is associated with a bigotry-like "holier than
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thou" attitude. Yet Holiness is very much a Scriptural idea. But what is Holiness? Why should we pursue it anyway? Let it be known that holiness can be viewed at least in a twofold sense. The first is positional holiness. This is the state in which all the Christians are when they become born again (regeneration, Titus 3:5-7; I Corinthians 6:11). The moment that someone turns from a life of sin and believes on the Lord Jesus Christ alone for salvation, that moment, God declares them righteous and makes them holy. From that moment, God the acquitter deals with them "as though they have never sinned". This positional holiness implies that anyone who has never turned from sin radically is still under God's condemnation (John 3: 18). All their good works, church going, alms giving are futile. Their best physical good is as stenchy filthy rags in God's eyes (Isaiah 64:6). The second is progressive holiness which our text (Hebrews 12:14) highlights. This is the moral standard that every true Christian has to strive for. Mark my words "true Christian", not any hypocrite. This means that the moment that someone flies to Christ for refuge, they suddenly resolve to fight sin to the bitter end, until they breathe their last. To be holy, then, is to be separated from sin and, therefore, consecrated to God. It is a curious fact than many in our "Christian nation" lay claim to Christ but alas, their lives flatly contradict their profession. They carry Bibles in their hands but have not Christ in their hearts. Progressive holiness is something that you and I have to consciously and diligently work out in cooperation with the Holy Spirit (Philippians 2: 12, 13) as He works in our lives sanctifying us daily. To that extent that you apply yourself to godly things and the means of grace to that extent will you be holy. In short, a holy person is someone who is more like God. But then, why is holiness important? Why pursue it? It must be stated that the pursuit of holiness is compulsory for all true Christians, no special cases! From the time of conversion to your dying day, you must pursue holiness. Do you know anything of holy desires? Does it bother you that you are not as holy as you ought to be? Every regenerate saint will labour to be holy. Remember, "No Holiness, No Heaven!" Holiness must be pursued because: (1) God is holy and therefore all who have dealings with Him must be holy (1 Peter 1:16). So friend, nothing of 99% holiness-with God! He commands you! (2) It is for your own good. If you persist in sin and disobedience, God will punish or discipline you! Those that are Christians are treated as children (Hebrews 12:6) and therefore must be like their father. Ah! How so few there are that walk like Jesus did! Look around on campus, in church, at home and in the city, how many walk worthy of their calling? How many are holy in the common and mundane things of life? How do they conduct themselves in their dealings with other people? How about their honesty and integrity in their class and rooms?

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(3)Holiness is required for effective service to God. The Holy Spirit will only empower clean holy vessels. For how can He use those who live like demons? Think of all those that God has used over the years, what has made them tick? I suggest that they are and were mostly set apart for God (2 Timothy 2:21). (4) Holiness is necessary for our assurance of salvation. Have you wondered why you are forever in doubt of your salvation or perhaps why God does not use you? Could it be that you are not pursuing holiness? Those that forsake all things for Christ and live consistent holy lives are most assured. Their public and private lives are the same, Holy! They do not linger like Lot, in Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19:16). Take it to heart, the only sure evidence that you are a Christian is a holy life (2 Corinthians 5: 17) Having said the above, let us ask the question What are the marks of a holy person? How may I know that I am holy? I suggest only two. The first mark is a growing hatred for sin. A holy person hates sin more each passing day. He or she strives to be like God as the fight with the world, the flesh and the devil rages on- Ah! The worst enemy is sin and like Paul's cry "O wretched man that I am! (Romans 7:24) but in the same breath say "I press on" (Philippians 3:12). The person fights and wrestles with sin daily. No cease fire is ever declared with sin! The full armour of God worn all the days in this spiritual battle. Friend, do you know anything of any inward conflict? What is your attitude to sin? I fear that far too many know nothing of what I am describing. I assert that growing saints have a bitter struggle with sin each passing hour. I wonder, what is your resolve this year, yea, this quarter? Is it to have victory over sin and the world? The second is a deepening love for God. They love Him deeply and sincerely from the heart that they do all things for Him out of a joyful heart. Have you noticed those two people madly in love? Notice the sparkle in their eyes as they are with their dear one! Everything else is irrelevant at that point, not even the air they breathe! Notice how they talk about their love to other people! There is a freshness there! There is a sweetness about their friend prompted by love. Something like this imperfect human love and a thousand times more is what floods the heart of the holy saint. Each life year is consecrated to the Lord and often times their minds are filled with holy things. They long to be with God in secret prayer. Their closet is never covered with dust layers, nay they visit it often and daily. Is it the roof top or the field? No hurdle will stand in their way. Further, they read their Bible daily under no compulsion. If it were possible, they abandon all other human books only to read this one book divine. The Bible is their love letter from God. In addition they long for purity of life. Their walk at home and abroad is consecrated to God. They give no occasion to the flesh to indulge in evil things because they are ever grateful to God for having cleansed them from their past sins. Even if they have AIDS or cancer, they will love Him still! In a nutshell, Christ is all in all in their lives and as such could give up everything they possess if they could be more like Christ. Is this your description? Are you growing in love Godwards? What about your love for God's children, the saints? Does your life radiate Christ in the public domain? Does this holiness permeate all departments of your daily life? What about the social, political and ecclesiastical arenas? Holiness beams out from the sanctified believer regardless of what station they find themselves in life.
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One of the major hindrances to attaining a holy life is our attitude to sin. Subtly, we classify some sins as being "more serious" than others. But I assert that all sin is heinous in God's sight. Let us also not misunderstand "living by faith" (Galatians 2:20). True Christianity is a fight of faith! (1Timothy 6:12) We must diligently labour and apply ourselves to the means of grace if we are to grow more holy. Read your Bible more meditatively, pray more, fellowship more and I am not afraid of the result. As I leave off writing, I wonder, are you holy? What is it that makes you unique? Is it holiness? If you are yet unconverted, I urge you to fly to Christ for mercy! Farewell 0' reader! ================================================

5. The need of the times NEEDS OF OUR TIMES Men who understood the times I Chronicles 12: 32

As I put pen to paper, I do so with a heavy heart and I really do not know what to say. What will my few words do? Will they be helpful to any soul? I hope so. The text that heads this article is one that describes the men of Issachar. This was during a time of indecision in Israel after the reign of Saul. Under which king? was the question asked everywhere. The people were of different opinions. Some thought of rejecting David and following Sauls lineage, while others were indifferent or undecided. The third group decided boldly to follow David, and the men of Issachar were among those who had clear minds and understood the times. Thus the Holy Spirit gives them this special description of praise. It is true that all Christians who have left an indelible mark on the world have been people who have understood the times and have acted wisely. Our lot is cast in an age when there is more profession than ever. In our land today, it is almost fashionable to call oneself born again when there never has been any work of grace in the heart at all. I fear that our age is one in which there has been much profession and yet so little practical out living. Oh, what a dark spot! Oh, what sad times! In our land today, the moment one declares that they are BA, it immediately means that they are not really bad and are on the road to getting better. It means they have got some
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morals about them and in a little while they are dubbed brother or sister. But alas, after a little while, the chained old lion suddenly breaks loose and the old man comes out boldly, worse than before (2 Peter. 2: 20), trying to catch up with the syllabus of sin. After all, the President is born again, so it must be part of the new culture to be born again! But I contend that for one to ever dare to call themselves Christians, there must be a work of grace (Titus 3: 5) wrought by the Holy Spirit from spiritual death (Ephesians. 2: 1 3). Dear friend, do you know anything of having turned from sin radically? Do you remember a day or a period when you were under the heavy conviction of sin and then, having turned to Christ, you were set free (Matthew 11: 28 30)? and, strangely, you felt light, joyful, and free? If not, I question salvation (2 Corinthians 13:5) I dare say that never has the Church in all history been as active as now. Despite all the grand activities, crusades and all the rest of it, the world seems to be getting worse all the time. On the one hand, infidelity is high among the heathens and wickedness is bolder than ever. On the other hand, sin has entered the Church ranks. There are many Achans within the church (Joshua 7). The true gospel is rarely preached, but only emotionally, charged egocentric stories and newspaper headlines as sermon spring boards abound everywhere. (2 Peter. 2: 3). But what ought we to do? What is the remedy? Who will fight for us? Certainly the Elijahs of our times are exceedingly few and far outnumbered. Would you be useful in our times? The people God uses are BRIEFLY, THOUGH NOT FULLY described below: 1. THEY ARE DILIGENTLY EARNEST ABOUT THE MASTERS BUSINESS For one to be greatly used of the Lord, they must be earnest about the work of the Master. They must talk with great urgency and directness as though talking for the last time. In short, they redeem the time. (Eph. 5: 16) Night cometh when no man can labour (John 9: 4) is their motto, are you earnest? 2. THEY MUST BE ALL OUT TO SUCCEED You must be determined to succeed. Attempt great things for God and expect great from Him. so said one faithful missionary years ago. When you go out, determine

The President of Zambia currently 1993 William Carey First missionary to India. Sketches PP 204 Expect great thing from God; Attempt great things for God.

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to preach Christ and Him crucified. You must be unflinching and not easily discouraged. If the world is against you, you must be against it too! 3. THEY MUST BE PEOPLE WHO BELIEVE THEIR GOD FULLY You must be a person of faith who ploughs and sows in hope. You might sometimes go forth shedding bitter tears while sowing precious seed, yet these are tears are of sorrow and compassion, not of despair. You must know that, in due season, God will make the seed grow. For it is God who makes alive. (Eph. 2: 5). This is the great curse of our times: we want instant results! O, for faithful patient men and women! 4. THEY MUST BE PEOPLE OF INDUSTRY AND SELF EXERTION Our lot is cast in times which I call an age of costless Christianity. Just believe, they say, and they do not care to produce fruit, but didnt St. Paul tell us that we must prove our repentance by our works? (Acts 26: 20) Those that have been mighty in the faith have been industrious, laborious and determined people. They have been mighty in word and deed. Are you laborious, or do you just delight in having a good time? 5. THEY ARE PEOPLE OF SINGULAR BOLDNESS AND DETERMINATION Foes, Adversaries might contend and oppose, timid friends hesitate, but the faithful courageously invade enemy territory, in nothing terrified by difficulty or opposition. Timidity shuts many a door of usefulness, and loses many a precious opportunity! It wins no friends, while it strengthens every enemy Ryle. Nothing is lost by boldness, nor gained by fear. Ah! How sin raises its ugly head in our times! Many a saint shrinks back so as to maintain a good reputation in a sinful civilized world. They sinfully remain silent. I deliberately take more space here because there is no age, I believe, like ours which needs people who have a holy boldness against the world, the flesh, and the devil, that horrible wicked trinity. 6. THEY ARE MIGHTY PRAYER WRESTLERS It has been rightly said They that want education get what education can give; they that want wealth get what wealth can gives; but they that pray get power

One famous defender of the Trinitarian Doctrine called Athanasius is said to have been alone against the world. This was about 324 25. Ref to Sketches in Church S.M Houghton, Banner of Truth, pp 21, 1980 edition.

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from God. In other words, a prayer less Christian is a power less Christian. Scan through the scriptures and Church History; what has been the characteristic mark of all the eminent saints? I boldly assert that it has been prayer. How sad is it that the powerhouse, the closet, is neglected in our times! Many a professor are more willing to be seen of men as prayer warriors in public, but their closets are full of dust layers because the prayer rooms are seldom visited. Peep into the close of St. Paul, what will you see? I believe you will notice the bold saint on his knees with eyes full of tears and sighs for the lost and the elect. How much time do you spend in prayer? Are you given to prayer? Do you constantly send ejaculatory prayers to God? Do you trade with heaven over souls? All the saints have always woken up early a great while before down. No wonder our lives are joyless! No wonder the sermons go into thin air! No wonder we are so much of arm chair critics rather than of a Berean spirit! (Acts 17: 11) Oh, for men like David Brained in our day! 7. THEY ARE PEOPLE WHOSE DOCTRINES ARE MOST CLEAR AND EVANGELICAL Many a professor in our land delights (ignorantly) in the plausible phrase of doctrine divides but love builds. As a result, the evil one capitalizes on our ignorance. Thus, when we are inconsistent and the world maligns the faith, we are shocked at what has hit us! But if you will be useful, know what you believe, read the scriptures daily and often. Go further and study them! Be prepared to go to the deepest pit in order to get the best jewels. My friend, soak yourself in word, for how can you use your weapon skilfully if you do not know it? In like manner, know the sword of the spirit (Eph. 6: 17) so as to fatally pierce the prince of darkness. Away with a lazy approach to the scriptures! Those are seeds of evil one! 8. THEY ARE MEN OF DEEP SPIRITUALITY, HUMILITY AND CONSISTENCY Their lives and their lips accord with each other. Their daily walk furnishes the best confirmation and illustration of the truth they preach. They are walking Bibles. At every turn, they are ministers of Christ. Be it in church, at home, on the train, bus or plane, Christ comes first. No frivolousness, no flippancy, no gaiety, no worldly acquaintanceships or companionships neutralizes their public preaching, or mars the work they are seeking to accomplish. At this point, many of us fail. We have two extremes. The one is content to have knowledge only very well tucked away in the catacombs of their minds and no practicality! The other extreme is bankruptcy of knowledge
Anonymous Anonymous Catacombs were underground worship places in Rome used and built by the primitive/early Christians. About 6 million graves are said to have been there. Refer to: Sketches in church History by S.M. Houghton Banner of Truth Trust pp 18 20, 27.

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but only an emotionally centred life, which life is erratic and not guided by Gods truth and Spirit. No wonder they cannot tell us apart from them! After all, we grumble, gossip and slander with them! But I boldly assert that if you will be different in our times, be filled with the spirit (Eph 5:18). What is the sure evidence of this? (Eph. 5: 19, 20). Is this your description? Oh, dear friend, it is possible to be different in your generation! Are you like the men of Issacher who understood the times?

Bibliography
Gillies John, HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF ACCOUNTS OF REVIVAL, 1754edition, The Banner of Truth Trust Houghton SM, SKECTCHES IN CHURCH HISTORY, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1980 Ryle JC, HOLINESS, Evangelical press, 1992 edition ===================================

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6. Thirteen Principles of faith in Judaism as advocated by Maimonides 13 Principles of Faith: 1. I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, is the Creator and Guide of everything that has been created; He alone has made, does make, and will make all things. 2. I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, is One, and that there is no unity in any manner like His, and that He alone is our God, who was, and is, and will be. 3. I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, has no body, and that He is free from all the properties of matter, and that there can be no (physical) comparison to Him whatsoever. 4. I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, is the first and the last. 5. I believe with perfect faith that to the Creator, Blessed be His Name, and to Him alone, it is right to pray, and that it is not right to pray to any being besides Him. 6. I believe with perfect faith that all the words of the prophets are true. 7. I believe with perfect faith that the prophecy of Moses our teacher, peace be upon him, was true, and that he was the chief of the prophets, both those who preceded him and those who followed him. 8. I believe with perfect faith that the entire Torah that is now in our possession is the same that was given to Moses our teacher, peace be upon him. 9. I believe with perfect faith that this Torah will not be exchanged, and that there will never be any other Torah from the Creator, Blessed be His Name. 10. I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, knows all the deeds of human beings and all their thoughts, as it is written, "Who fashioned the hearts of them all, Who comprehends all their actions" (Psalms 33:15). 11. I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, rewards those who keep His commandments and punishes those that transgress them. 12. I believe with perfect faith in the coming of the Messiah; and even though he may tarry, nonetheless, I wait every day for his coming. 13. I believe with perfect faith that there will be a revival of the dead at the time when it shall please the Creator, Blessed be His name, and His mention shall be exalted forever and ever. -Maimonides

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7. Goldon Olsons Semi-Pelagianism doctrinal position

God limited the exercise of His sovereignty by creating moral beings and delegating authority to them. Since the fall did not erase Gods image from human beings, depravity does not 2. mean total inability to respond to Gods salvation message. Although Christs death is particularly effective for individual believers, it is 3. potentially available to all humanity. 4. The conviction of the Holy Spirit mediately prepares sinners for faith. 5. Gods calling to salvation is not irresistible. 6. The new birth is conditioned on repentant faith. 7. Repentant faith is the only condition for salvation. Right standing and new birth are conditioned on repentant faith alone, apart from 8. works. 9. Election/ foreordination are based upon God's foreknowledge. 10. True believers are eternally secure in Christ. Christs discipleship teachings are a challenge to believers, not the way of 11. salvation. 12. Christ charged us to proclaim salvation on Gods terms. 1.
This is the summary of Olsons doctrine. His scheme of redemption is therefore:

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Available at: http://www.mediatetheology.org/12_Supporting_Propostions.html, accessed 17/07/2010 ===============================================================

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8.Lives devoted to God transformed by the power of grace Amos Zulu SAC (1978-2005)

He appeared into our lives in 1998 shortly after our arrival in Mongu. He was jovial, zealous,
easy going and simply Christocentric in all he said and did. His characteristic laugh made us think for a moment that he was one of the many passenger Christians we had met before but little did we know that he would be so deeply wielded into our very hearts. His name was Amos Zulu, a young man of about 19 years then and potentially destined to be one of the legendary Christian young men of our times. At that time, he had just left the Mongu Evangelical Church and relocated to the Pentecostal Assemblies of Mongu, as usual full of life, fire and zeal for the eternal things. When we eventually moved and commenced the Kambule Reformed Baptist Church, he smelt the rich spiritual menu and soon joined us. His presence made a huge difference the three years he was with us, always encouraging, evangelistic and testifying to the Lords goodness. I do not remember a time when Amos absented himself from Christian fellowship for any flimsy reason, as is often common in these degenerate days, but was always longing for the next fellowship meeting. Apart from the stated meetings, Amos was up and about, on the high ways and by ways encouraging the spiritually faint hearted and pulling the lost into the kingdom. Indeed, the whole world was his parish as it was once said of George Whitefield. Teaming up with Lupasa Kabanda, a close ally from earlier years, the two young men zealously compassed land and sea to bring their peers into the Kingdom. The Kambule Baptist Church was substantially filled up then because of the immense efforts of these young men that sincerely and resolutely gave themselves to Christian service. I recall many times I sat with them to talk about celestial matters with great delight and later walked together to the Temple courts. Amos appeared on the once famous radio broad cast that stirred the Mongu town into radio addicts! Such was the warmth this young man radiated around himself! As would normally happen when young people complete secondary school, in 2001, Amos was offered a place at UNZA, registered but later withdrew. He then settled for the air force training. While waiting to take the said training, he diligently attended the Lusaka Baptist Church where he spent countless hours with the brethren in sweet fellowship. Many have fond memories of those sweet hours they shared. One thing that made Amos unique was that he was outgoing rather than one that sat in a corner complaining of being ignored. In a short time, YP felt his warmth but before he could do much more, he left to commence his training. He undertook the training from various places such as Mbala, Livingstone, Kabwe and Lusaka. In all these places,

This radio broadcast was called Generation 2000hosted by the Kambule Reformed Baptist Church (KRBC)

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he often spoke of how he longed to reunite with the brethren. His love for Christ and the brethren never waned despite his back wrecking schedules. He often spoke of how that time was scarce and saints rare to come by. They are few and far between and where ever he met such, they automatically stuck together as though they were twins. Whenever he had time, he often preferred fellowship rather than resting. Fellowship was his meat and drink. In no time, his evangelical light begun to shine within the military ranks and in no time, he was asked to preach in Chapel. He often recounted how that he was several times requested to preach to his superiors who were light years away in rank. At first, he would tremble at the prospects but as he discoursed, divine courage would envelope him and he would preach Christ and him crucified. In early 2005, Amos was transferred to his long longed for Lusaka where he could meet with the brethren again. He had great plans among which was to sign up for Church membership, evangelise more, marry and start up a family of his own. He was mindful of his parents and often told them that he would soon introduce his bride to be. Clearly, when one met Amos whether in Combat gear or not, Christ radiated so clearly, indeed he was seraphic. On Tuesday 17th May, Amos as usual visited a number of friends, including his fianc. Among the people he visited was his child hood mate, Lupasa Kabanda and they spent the whole after noon charging each other on various subjects of mutual interest. After the talk, he took his leave and headed for Kafue to visit his fianc. While in Kafue, he spoke of his plans to travel by bus to Mongu alongside his fianc but as they discoursed, a friend phoned to inform him of a regular supply plane that would fly to and from Mongu, via Livingstone. The sad part was that only one seat was available, therefore, reluctantly, Amos had to travel alone. They parted that evening and the young man headed home to Lusaka in readiness for the flight. The mission to Mongu was to collect his grade twelve certificate. The 18th of May 2005 was by all counts a normal day, nothing really unusual except that he was to fly with high ranking air force officials on the trip. They boarded the Y12 plane and took off and landed safely at Livingstone enroute to Mongu. The Mongu landing was next to superb and as soon as the plane touched down, the young man hurtled along to his secondary school. It is reported that when he arrived, he went from class to class preaching the gospel and there after prayed with them. He preached Christ and urged them to consider the Christ before it was too late. Little did he know that he was bidding farewell. That done, he happily walked into the administration block, collected his school certificate and quickly dashed to the airport to catch the flight back home. It is said that Amos preached the gospel one more time to his work mates and prayed for the journey home. Shortly before takeoff, Amos called his fianc and gave her an update and that as soon as they arrived in Lusaka, he would give her a call, but that was not to be.
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The plane accelerated on the run way, took off but suddenly crashed, leaving no survivors. The vibrant Amos fell silent for ever but was suddenly promoted to higher service, yonder in glory land. Many explanations have been summoned to explain the national tragedy but what we miss is that beloved brother, son, fianc and powerful saint that graced the military ranks. He shook the air force with his zeal despite being of a junior rank and was fondly called as the chaplain, what a life! At only 27, his work was done, much like the saintly Robert Murray MCheyne of old. Lesson learnt What are the lessons learnt from this short but illustrious life style? A number of lessons obviously flood the mind but suffice it to say that one thing learnt was the need to redeem the time (Eph 5:15-16). We must make the most of every opportunity. Let us arise and live for Christ today and not in the past or the future. Let us go to the high ways and by ways to persuade people to come into the kingdom! Let us labour for the master from the dawn till setting sun for night commeth when no man can labour. Our home going may be sooner than we anticipate. We have no telling where we may be today or the next. Even when we feel most safe, plagues and deaths around us fly, but the comforting thing is that till He bids we cannot die. As the saints of old often used to say, we are immortal till our work is done. We suddenly feel a prophet has been amongst us and we knew it not! Friend, what legacy will you leave behind when you are gone? What shall we read on your epitaph? Oh for a life totally spent for God! Oh that God would take our lives and let them be consecrated entirely to Him! Farewell dear Amos, though we miss your cheerful person, we shall meet me on the day of crowns! Ezekiel 34-There shall be showers of blessing =================

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9. Single mindedness Paul the strategist par excellence! The Corinthian visit 1 Corinthians 2:1-2 The Apostle Paul was a single-minded and astute person. In many senses, he has been my mentor in all areas of human endeavour. He stands out as an academician, a lawyer, a diligent worker, sincere and a clear minded man. He towers above his peers as a beacon of hope, resilience, determination and perseverance. When he went to Corinth, he was fully aware that a lot of issues were potentially in his way. He knew that as he settled among them to labour and set up the Church, many things would clamour for his attention and potentially drive him away from his focus. To counter this, he planned before hand and then resolved or determined to pursue that path. This was a high frame of mind whereby he would wind his mind akin to a wrist watch to the pressures that would hem in on him and as he went full throttle to handle the job. As soon as he appeared up the Corinthian scene, he purposed never to turn neither to the left nor to the right but put his hand to the plough to move things forward. His mission was to preach Christ and him crucified come what may. Obviously, as he began to plough through the evangelical mission field with people turning to the saviour, other matters arose such as party spirit, rivalry and immorality among the brethren that had just been salvaged from heathenism and needed further sanctification. There was a clear danger for the apostle to take sides and get bogged down with the day to day operational problems at the expense of the long term goal. Quickly and in keeping with his desire, he noted this trend and immediately corrected this deviation. To do this, he had apt and high self-monitoring gadgets in place. Thus, he sailed away from regular problems, having learnt a number of lessons for the future and continued on his hot pursuit of Christ. Note that the Apostle was not at any point negligent or lazy but rather exerted himself most systematically, strategically and diligently. For all we know, he was a tent maker and was therefore not dependent on anyone. For another thing, he toiled night and day with a twofold motive. Firstly, he wanted to be a mentor, setting a solid example of hard work, so that after his departure or demise, the disciples would continue to walk in the right paths. Secondly, he wanted to ensure that though he was an apostle with full rights of support from the churches, he was not dependant on any one. This teaches us to work extremely hard to generate wealth. Having dealt with the bread and butter issues, Paul used his large mind to strategically send forth the gospel to all and sundry. I would not put it past him that he is one of the earliest strategists on record because I marvel how he knew where to go and when. For instance, he once went to Athens (Acts 17, 18) the worlds capital city then and wielded the gospel there such that it ultimately spread to the other Roman Empire towns. At another time, he went to Philippi and at another to Corinth. These towns were not mere obscure places but were calculated to propel
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the gospel to far flung areas. Paul was no summer time beach holidaymaker but rather became all things to all men in order to communicate the eternal gospel. Further, I tend to think Paul used his reputation and learning as a means to an end. Since he was well known, both as a Roman citizen (from Tarsus) as well as a Jew, he used that to seek audience with key influential Roman leaders such as Felix or Festus as well as the religious leaders of the day. For instance, in Acts 23, he talked to the crowd in Aramaic to their utter shock! At another time, he summoned his Roman citizen ship and argued using the extant law, at yet another time, he outwitted the religious leaders by slicing them into two opposing sides on thorny issues such that they turned against each other while he escaped lynching. The other aspect to his influence and status was that he was instructed under the best teacher of the day, Gamaliel and therefore had a bit of the great teachers brains mingled with his. No wonder he easily outwitted the lesser mortals! The lessons we draw from there is that as strategists, we must not only be single minded but we must use whatever available means to get to our goal. Our time, talent, status, influence and position in life must all be galvanised to propel us to the desired haven. But let us look more closely at how Paul operated at Corinth: Firstly, he planned before venturing forth into the Corinthian mission field and so must we. We must know our subject well and what we are about long before we get to work. Stephen Covey teaches that it is good to be principle centred in our leadership and move by campus rule. We should not move aimlessly like animals of instinct. Secondly, he resolved, purposed and determined to pursue that clearly laid out path. Although he was aware that thorns and thistles stood in the way, he none the less ensured he used all these hurdles as stepping stones to higher levels of usefulness rather than sit back and complain over spilt milk. His mind was set regardless of what came along the way, having sufficiently prepared psychologically, mentally and spiritually. It is said that the world champions ensure they tune their minds towards success long before the event and once they set foot on the pitch, their mind has already reached the finishing line. It is said that half the race is won in the mind. In a similar fashion, the apostle, vowed to get to the goal albeit through much struggle, antagonism, deflections, defections and oppositions. Whatever came along the way was viewed as a tool towards the goal. If it was ultra vires, thus was instantly hurled out! Thirdly, Paul resolved to know nothing among them. This means that when he went among them, he was fully well assured that many issues awaited him to be noticed and attended to but he purposed from a far to minimize these deviations. He arrived with a settled resolved and fully persuaded heart. In fact, the word used here to know nothing could signify to total ignoring of something whilst being mindful of the existence of another or the reality of something else in the environment. In this sense then, Paul put his head to one thing rather than a multiplicity of
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unrelated activities. Opportunity cost was at play here. In one word, the Apostle was eminently a man of one thing, whilst forgetting all others. Fourthly, he determined to know only Jesus Christ. In as much as other things were equally crucial and essential, Christ was of first importance to him. In other words, his primary purpose at Corinth was to preach Christ and him crucified rather than spend all his time fire fighting with other issues. In short, he knew his mission and message well like the back of his hand. This is evident when he went to Athens too, he could have easily summoned his learning and impressed the Areopagus, Mars hill, but he simply preached Christ crucified which infuriated and irritated some. But in the same breathe, this dunamis (Rom 1:16, 17) blasted through the hearts of some who believed. We see effectually calling there. Paul had full confidence in the gospel. As C. H Spurgeon once remarkably quipped that the gospel is like a Lion, one just needed to open the cage and the Lion would do the rest! Fifthly, note how he came among them, in weakness. He was sure that if he came with his high sounding bag of wind theology, he would probably get their attention for a while and then be ignored. Further, he risked having his message not being taken seriously perhaps as one of the many commercials of the day. To sort out this, he went in among them becoming all things to all men. In this way, he learnt their culture cues, values and all those knitty gritties and then wisely introduced the gospel as the only solution to the worlds problems. He loathed ethnocentrism and ensured that his Self-Reticulum Criterion (SRC) was in the right dosages and direction. This thought is confirmed when he states that he did that so that their faith and loyalty would not rest on the wisdom of men but on the power of God. Zambia desperately needs such spiritual strategists in our day and age both within and without the Church. As a strategist, you need to have the above-mentioned traits and beyond. Ensure that these are riveted upon the tablets of your heart and that they will be sustainably useful long after you are gone. The Apostle Peter was conscious of this fact and ensured that what he had taught over the years would continue to be remembered long after he had left the centre stage. It is said, the best actors leave the stage while the audience is still clapping. What legacy will you leave behind you? Are you a legend? Post script thoughts.... The Apostle Paul was a man of many parts as the old divines used to say. We need aggressive and potent new gospel dissemination strategies not a new gospel message. Paul thought many generations hence and begun working. No wonder we feel his impact today! Like the men of Issachar, he read the times and where his audience was and ventured forth in the Masters name. Today, we spend more time squabbling about methods, tags, party spirit, power
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jostling and money matters rather than sharpening the sword of the Spirit to fatally pierce the sin sick world. =============================================================== 10.The panting of a down cast and yet thirsty soul

Why are you downcast, O my soul? Why so disturbed within me?

Often times the Christian has sat down discouraged disillusioned, dispirited, despondent and felt
unworthy to continue living. Life seems to have been purposeless and not worth living at times. This state of mind and soul has recurred more frequently in the past many years. This dark cloud would eclipse my cheerful spiritual frame with hopelessness, weakness, melancholy and disgust for any thoughts for continued living or earthly existence. What is the meaning of life? Why are we here? Why do I thus feel so down cast? Is it the common experience of many other saints? I am tempted to doubt this possibility and would want to believe that it is uniquely and peculiarly mine. Of course, the Psalmist felt similarly, perhaps even worse in Psalm 42:5442; Psalm 73:16 but the times in which our lot is cast has its own peculiar problems. These are slippery times and no doubt, the archenemy of the soul is more active presently that at other times. The Christendom is somewhat a circus full of different actors who have very few visible marks of grace The bulk of the evangelicals are terribly bankrupt of good works evidencing ones salvation but hiding under the kind auspices of Salvation by grace alone Sola Gratia! The professor of religion443 is caught up in what I choose to call the evangelical dark age. This is simply a recurrence of the 14th century Dark Ages in which Papacy was at its height and people knew not the scriptures as we do today444. Our times are similar to those times because countless saints (especially from the liberal Charismatic wing) are grossly ignorant of the fundamental truths of the faith. The other extreme is full of knowledge but cold and unattractive in the propagation of the same. They think they have the monopoly of truth. St Paul definitely would have shunned their company because of their cold hearts. In such times, the Devil launches his greater onslaught on the Church. But as much as these are the prevailing situations round about my soul, what is it that hath caused my soul to be thus melancholic? Is it because my school hasnt gone on well?445 Are my
Other verses that carry a similar thought include Psalm 73:16 and I Peter 5:9 I.e. one who claims to be a Christian not necessarily one that with high academic credentials or expertise. 444 The Bible was locked away in Latin and a complete Bible was probably not available in the sense we have it today as one volume. 445 To appreciate this suggestion, read my book, The Academic Trials
443 442

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sanguine characteristics proving true? Is it lack of prayer or Bible reading? Or could it be lack of reading sound Christian literature and those heart warming biographies? What really is happening to my soul? The year is beginning to unfold and many have been my resolutions but am I going to fulfil them?446 Where is the soul refreshing view of Jesus and His word? I cannot tell. Having been meditating on a hymn before putting pen to paper, I was wondering what made the saints of old eminent. What exactly made them tick? A good number of them did not particularly live long and yet they have left an indelible mark which the sands of time will not successfully bury or erase. One of such men was Mr. Augustus Montague Toplady (1740 78). His was a short life of only about 38 years. It was a brief but fruitful life. Augustus penned down famous hymns such as Rock of Ages or Object of my first desire, which will live to encourage myriads of pilgrims deep into the future. Hitherto, the former has always been among the most popular hymns unequalled in its own right. Toplady is believed to have been one of the most dogmatic men in all church history many times going to extremes. For instance, he could not stand the presence of such men as Mr John Wesley and would go to the extent of spitting at the mention of Wesleys Arminian doctrine. This is well known corrosive side of Mr. Toplady. Going into his Parish, one would wonder how that though this same individual was seemingly extremely hostile to his fellow brethren, he was very positive in his faith. Montague deeply loved and served the lord zealously despite his frail constitution as he was sickly most of his life. This is proof that the worth of a man is not so much in the words or vocabulary as much as his consistency and faithfulness to his master. Toplady knew this saying well that: This Only one life, Twill soon be past But only whats done For Christ will last No wonder why he laboured and exerted himself in such a manner! No wonder he redeemed the time! (Ephesians 5:16) Someone has aptly said that the best of Gods instruments are taken away early perhaps because their work is done, they will have finished their course and then are taken home much earlier by that token. It has been largely believed in our Christian circles that one who remains simple like Paul, MChyene and Toplady will be generally holier, Avoiding civilian affairs, as it were. But note that Enoch was a married man! What is said of him? (Genesis 5:24)
446

That is, 1995 Anonymous

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When I reflect even of the manner and circumstances that surrounded Mr Topladys prior to his passing on, I am caused to pause a while and question myself whether I would do the same. It was slanderously rumoured that Mr. Toplady had renounced his Calvinistic principles and doctrine when he was very sick prior to his death. Upon hearing this accusation, the valiant soldier rose up from his bed and went and preached a sermon, thoroughly affirming his constancy and firmness to the strong old doctrines of grace! Then he came home and died peacefully! Can these things be said of thee O reader? Do you hold and do these truths hold you? (I.e. Calvinism) I wonder what creed is worth dying for other than Calvinism! Because Calvinism is the Gospel which an Arminian cannot preach hence not preaching Christ! Toplady is a historical beacon and pillar of contending for the faith once for all entrusted to the saints (Jude 3). In as much as he was a firm, thorough going, die hard Calvinist and defender of the faith, Mr Toplady had a very large and tender Pastoral heart. None perhaps may have equalled him in the way he balanced those two virtues of apologist and local congregation Pastor. While Mr. George Whitefield was a very eloquent and powerful preacher, he was a poor organizer or Pastor. Mr. Wesley on the other hand had very hard legalist principles characteristic of a choleric. Though John was a mighty preacher, he was not as eloquent or emotional as George. But Mr. Toplady combined both these virtues crowned with a poetic spirit. Thus great hymns endlessly flowed from his pen. The good old Bishop of Liver pool J. C. Ryle had this to say about him: That Mr. Toplady was about the only hymn writer whose hymns were so packed with doctrine compacted in a few stanzas447. His hymns are theologically rich too and definitely lead us to the throne of grace. One such a hymn earlier alluded to is Rock of Ages. Another master piece which shows or illustrates the inward motions of an altogether Christian is Object of my first desire. The hymn goes as follows: 1. OBJECT OF FIRST DESIRE, JESUS CRUCIFIED FOR ME; ALL TO HAPPINESS ASPIRE, ONLY TO BE FOUND IN THEE.

2. THEE TO PRAISE AND THEE TO KNOW


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Another, Elsie Houghton has expressed similar sentiments as follows: Of all English hymn writers none perhaps as succeeded so thoroughly in combining truth, poetry, life, warmth, fire, depth, solemnity and unction as Toplady has, Christian Hymn Writers, Evangelical Press of Wales, pp 165

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CONSTITUTE MY BLISS BELOW; THEE TO SEE AND THEE TO LOVE CONSTITUTE MY BLISS ABOVE.

3. LORD, IT IS NOT LIFE TO LIVE, IF THY PRESENCE THOU DENY; LORD, IF THOU THY PRESENCE GIVE TIS NO LONGER DEATH TO DIE.

4. SOURCE AND GIVER OF REPOSE ONLY FROM THY SMILE IT FLOWS; PEACE AND HAPPINESS ARE THINE; MINE THEY ARE, IF THOU ART MINE. 5. LET ME BUT THYSELF POSSESS, TOTAL SUM OF HAPPINESS; PERFECT PEACE I THEN SHALL PROVE, HEAVEN BELOW AND HEAVEN ABOVE

Certainly, these are no carelessly penned down stanzas! Every word is carefully and meditatively selected and placed. Any comments on the stanzas might reduce their power but it is no trouble for me to say a fewer words. From stanza 1, the author declares the object of his first, primary and immediate desire is the lord Jesus Christ. This is the truth about every Spirit filled Christian how that Christ is unrivalled in their hearts and to choose between Christ and Baal is no debatable issue. Christ stands unrivalled and is the sum total of all their desires. If they have Christ in their hearts, then they are the happiest upon the earth. This Jesus was crucified for every saint. Obviously Mr Toplady
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personalizes this truth because Christ did not die for all without exception but that he died for all without distinction (Revelation 7:9). In short, Christ died for the elect only whom He actually redeemed. While other talk about Christ making salvation possible, the scriptures declare that Christ actually saved whom He came to seek. No wonder why He looked back at the travail of His soul and was satisfied (Isaiah 53:11). Christs prayer in John 17 was only effective and true for the elect only. No one knows who the elect are until they produce fruit meet for repentance (Acts 26:20). Further the hymn writer sums up the only source of happiness for all those who seek it in this life. In speaking about Christ being the only way, one cannot fail to think of Matthew 11:28 and John 6:37 where the lord Invites sinners to come and He gives them life eternal. Thus, it should be noted by all (Saint or not) who would like to be happy on this side of Heaven or eternity, to seek it in the Lord while He may be found. Seek ye first the Kingdom of God (Matthew 6.33). Flowing from the first stanza Augustus ascends to a higher plane to further demonstrate what the condition of the Christian is in relation to the Lord. Christ is all in all and whom to know is peace and joy. Having known Christ though not in totality, the Christian is ever joyful at all times because Christ constitutes their bliss below. If this be true here and now, certainly it will be true in the next life when we see Him as He is (1 John 3:1, 2) and this will fill Heaven with joy. Beloved, we shall see Him as He is! What a blessed truth, yea, glorious prospect which yet lies ahead of us! Between now and then, we must labour Through much tribulation must we enter (Acts 14:22). A few more battles, a few more conflicts, a few more struggles and all will be over never to be repeated. Soon the victors song shall be sung and all history will be wrapped up in glory! I often long for such a time when l shall sit side by side with Mr Toplady (The lord willing!) and then ask him why he wrote thus. But I am sure that there will be little space and time for such a conversation because Christ, the centre of all Heaven, will be there! We shall all be seated at the Royal table and the sight of Christ will constitute our bliss above! Oh how my soul longs to be with Christ! How blessed is the Christian because his is a lively and true hope! Do you long for such a time O reader? I certainly do. These are the kind of men who share the world, and have an indelible mark behind them. Martin Luther, and John Wesley, and William Wilberforce were hated and lightly esteemed while the lived; but the work they did for Christ will never be forgotten. They were altogether Christians.448 ======================================================

448

JC Ryle in a sermon (To Whom) based on John 6:68, The Upper Room

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11.Correct Christian attitude to Lifes puzzling events

And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose. For those God foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the likeness of his Son, that he might be the first born among many brothers. Romans 8:28, 29 Alternative additional texts: Isaiah 46:9-10; Daniel 4:35; Psalm 139; Genesis 45:5; Romans 11:33-36 Introduction

Often times, the Christian is faced with perplexing and mind boggling situations. Their confusion
arises from the fact and belief that once they turn to the Lord, things should begin to flow exceptionally well. Everything is expected to flow according to plan because they will have committed all their ways to the Lord as Proverbs 6 verse 5 would teach. By and by as they progress in the Christian faith, they suddenly encounter things that they thought were history or would never occur to the Christian filled by the Spirit of God. Health begins to fail them, examinations prove impossible, loved ones die, involved in a nasty crippling accident, a Job loss or difficult to get one, no one seems interested in the Christian faith in ones entire clan, children rebel against them, evil leaders continue in the reins of power, in short, everything seems chaotic and not quite fitting into the Christian world view that many of us probably have been raised to believe or imbibe. This naturally breeds confusion in the mind, if not creating room for depression. Many a saint has walked through life rather dejectedly because they cannot reconcile what they have believed to happen after they get saved and what they actually experience. Others specialise in denying reality and thus apportion blame to the Devil and his cohorts. In as much as their assertion may be true, certain things are too confusing to explain. Others have taught and believed that once you say out positive words (positive confession) then evil must of necessity depart. It has no option but to depart. In those supposedly magical words, things must revert back to normal immediately failure to which, suspicions and witch hunts commence. They fall into self stigma, claim there are generational curses that need to be dismantled or that the person so prayed for does not have faith. These and many other challenges are not new to all of us and if we are in our right mind, we all want immediate solutions to our plight. Having trotted all over the globe to find answers, we return home dejected, discouraged and disillusioned. Rarely do we look at what scripture really teaches about the matter of Gods blessings and curses. As humans, we want the best on a silver platter but it appears God has another agenda altogether.
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Thus this short treatise seeks to handle aspects of the matters mentioned above so that we may develop and internalise a Biblical understanding about matters so that we may know how to rightly respond in the day of trouble. As Paul would say to the Ephesians, we need to know what is arrayed against us (Ephesians 6: 10ff) as well as what our heavenly father has promised to his Children while they sojourn here below. What is the Christians heritage? What will they expect while they travel this lonely but interesting path on planet Earth? How will they explain and tell the wonders of their God? When calamity strikes, what will be the bedrock of their belief? How will they explain to the unbelieving world out there? Should they prosper (Spiritually and physically/Materially), how will they rightly bless the lord? Does God know what is yet to come in the future? Has he marked out the path that each individual will pass through in life? What about those yet unborn, does God know whether they will be saved, rich, poor or what? What about the unborn that are murdered at or before birth, does God see all these atrocities? If he does, why does He remain mute? How can I as a Christian rejoice always? How can I surely be grateful to God and yet I have a terminal illness? Why doesnt God physically heal me if he is indeed sovereign as it is claimed by others? These and a myriad other questions constantly bug the mind of the Christian. In as much as they are not to be anxious (Philippians 4:6), lifes stressors continually pound upon them leading to depression in some cases. These questions are good and legitimate needing good sound Biblical answers. Thus, in an attempt to respond to some of these questions, we have elected to look at a portion of scripture in Romans 8 which attempts to deal with these issues to a great extent. Although the immediate context may not be devoted to answering the questions thus far raise in this introduction, the large contexts deals with issues to do with salvation and its implications. The writer to the Romans, in this case the apostle Paul, has laid down fundamental issues throughout the first seven chapters. Writing to explain the Gospel to the Christians at Rome, Paul logically takes time to trace the origin of sin and its manifestation (Chapters 1-3:19). In that section he succeeds in demonstrating that all human beings without exception are under sin and therefore alienated from God. He proves first that the gentiles are sinners and then takes on the Jews who he proves to be sinners in Chapter two. In chapter three, he then declares that all have sinned and fallen short of the Glory of God, whose only remedy is Christ Jesus (Romans 3:23ff). Having solidly made his case, Paul then begins to explain Justification by faith and how that all people regardless of what age, race or nationality need to know the saviour if ever they are to be saved. This he does from the latter part of Chapter 3 right through to the sixth Chapter where he somewhat turns to do with sanctification as well as the implications of Justification by faith. He is conscious that people might misunderstand what he is teaching and thus gives the characteristic caution in verse 1 of chapter 6. As he gets into chapter seven, he still is dealing with sanctification but handles it from an experiential perspective (though some have argued that
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he is probably describing the struggle of a none Christian, we shall not delve into those issues in this paper though). From chapter 8 right through to the end of the book, he deals with the fruit of justification though he occasionally digresses because the truths he is handling probably overwhelm him with joy! The final chapter 16 is largely devoted to greetings of the saints at Rome. What is interesting about these greetings is that they are so specific though the Apostle had not yet been to Rome at the time of writing. It is a puzzle but teaches us that Paul really valued Christian fellowship and kept an open ear to hear what or how the brethren are doing (Refer to Romans 1:8-12). He cared enough to connect with the believers all over the world and it would appear earnestly prayed for them. We need to adopt such an approach to missions and expansion of Gods kingdom. Thus, we see that the passage we are to consider falls into that framework which should act as a campus for our study. Studying Romans makes one to feel as though they have instantly grownup and matured because the loaded logical arguments advanced by the writer are so potent and heart warming. Admittedly, there are some things that we may find hard to ingest as humans, if anything we feel like throwing up! But not so to the one that rightly reads the word of God! It is as sweet as honey (119), yea, they bring life to the bones in the midst of different seasons in life. Things may not be as I would like but I certainly know that all things are working out for my good somehow. I may not see the good at the time but in dues season, perhaps even in eternity; I will fully appreciate and understand. They hymn writer Crewdson (1809-63) captures it very well when he says: Weaving blessings out of trials; Out of grief evolving bliss: Answering prayer by wise denials When they children ask amiss!

And when faith shall end in vision, And when prayer is lost in praise; Then shall life in full fruition, Justify they secret ways. Jane Crewdson knew better than many of us presently do. She had resigned to Gods will but none the less responsibly did her part.
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Another, William Cowper (1731-1800), sometimes called the Mad Christian penned down some extremely potent words when he said: God moves in a mysterious way His wonders to perform: He plants His footsteps in the sea, And rides upon the storm

Deep in unfathomable mines Of never failing skill, He treasures up his bright designs, And works his sovereign will Cowper, who himself had a very trying life and largely could not do many things such as keeping his own home was fully conscious of Gods powerful working even when things seemed tough. Cowper suffered from what was called psychic melancholy in those days and was therefore prone to depression. There were times when he would he would dive into a depression for months on end and then at the end of the period emerge to write a powerful hymn. Despite all the hardships and trials faced, Cowper never lost focus on God and today we have some of the finest hymns in the Christian world still sung today. He died quietly in his sleep in 1800 having been in s long depression which literary rendered him bedridden for over six weeks. Yet in all those situations, he could triumphantly say: Ye fearful saints fresh courage take, The clouds ye so much dread Are big with mercy, and shall break In blessings on your head God has a way in which he deals with His own. He treats each of them uniquely special and knows best what they need to learn, where and when. So in coming to take on this subject, let the Christian prepare their mind to receive what God has to say without question. Some things may appear hard but they harbour blessings encapsulated inside them. They are pregnant as it were with Gods love tonic.
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Exposition of verses 28- 29 The verses we turn to for consideration are the ones we read at the head of this paper. St Paul turned to write these verses having talked about lofty and glorious things in the earlier chapters. In the present chapter 8, the apostle begins with the characteristic word therefore, implying that he is about to conclude or sum up or apply the things he has been talking about. Paul used his words economically and knew what to say exactly, when and where. He has used the word therefore several times before in the book but having completed as section from the earlier part of the book, he turns now to sum up what he has been saying as well as giving the implications of his words somewhat. Systematic logical people always have an issue that they wish to communicate and thus marshal all the arguments they can muster along the way. When the right time comes, they assemble their argument together with a therefore. In other words, they are saying something like this: I have demonstrated that X and Y are components of Z and once combined they give us the product C that we so desire. From the forging argument, we can safely assert that X & Y are crucial components of our product C making process. This implies we always must have X and Y among our ingredients. Paul seems to be arguing along these lines though in theological terms having laid a solid case that sin is universal and has had devastating ramifications/effects on human kind, only remedied in Christ Jesus. Paul concludes this particular section that all those who are in Christ have no condemnation whatsoever. They have been freely justified, set free, pardoned and forgiven of their sins based on the merits of Christs death. If they believe and are saved, then all the terrors of law and of God with them have nothing to do as Augustus Toplady once wrote. When a person receives a new heart cleansed by the Spirit of God (Titus 3:5b, Ezekiel 36:25-27), they are released from the bondage and fear of whatever may come to them as punishment. As a consequence and out of gratefulness to God, they live a joyful holy life. They are free from condemnation that befalls all those that do not believe. He goes further to show how that all natural men are enemies of God because they do not have the Spirit of Christ and are in fact are hostile to God!(v 5 8). In between he touches on many pertinent things which both warm the Christians heart and make them yearn for heaven. He also makes them aware or realise the sad state of the unregenerate. Unbelievers are in a terrible helpless condition from which the Christian has been liberated. In the 18th verse, the apostle looks a head into glory and cannot help but realize that all our present suffering are not worth comparing to the glory that awaits all the elect. Indeed, this thought ought to warm every heart that is in Christ. The apostle continues talking about creation and how that he looks forward for a new order as well as how that the Spirit of God helps us to pray according to Gods will. Having said all that, let us now turn to our immediate text and consider verse 28 and 29 more in detail we shall seek to divide our text into a number of brief points.
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i.

ii.

Firstly then, when we read verse 28, we note how that it was general knowledge to state that all things were in the hands of God. We know, he says, meaning that as far as Paul and all Christians were concerned, it was not a debatable issue as to whether God was sovereign in all things or not. They knew that God was sovereign in ALL events even to minutest detail and was totally in control. Though things may have seemed hard for him at times, sometimes even to the point of despair, he knew at back of his mind that God was in total control. Do you know like St Paul knew? Many today are sadly ignorant of the great truths of the faith that would act as powerful bulwarks and comfort chambers for them in different seasons of Life. If one is ignorant or not convinced by what they believe or hold, they will not be confident or comfortable as they should. If they know exactly what they hold and are persuaded by it, they will traverse the world knowing that what they have espoused in true since it comes from the mind and heart of God. As earlier intimated, the saints that have been most useful in the Kingdom of Christ have been those that have been most persuaded by what they believed. They have had a high view of God and thus ventured to do mighty exploits in His name. Travelling around the UK for the first time several years ago, I could not help but sense that in times past, God had visited that land in a mighty and powerful way. I could not help realising this because of the massive church structures that stood erect everywhere I went, especially in Wales. I concluded, these people knew their God and thus went further to do what they did. It is important also to know the right things. In as much as we may be knowledgeable, which knowledge regulates our thinking and practice, we must know the right things that will stand the test of time. If you believe that by saying some magical words things will change whether God likes it or not do not be surprised if you become depressed or discouraged along the way. Your knowledge must anchor on the promises of scripture as exegeted in their rightful context. Years ago, I was persuaded that I could pass every exam without studying because I had been taught that faith would work since God would give me wisdom (James 1:5). When however I failed about every test and exam, I was confused because I could not reconcile the fact that being Gods child I was supposed to be the head not the tail. Thankfully, some older wiser brethren sat me down and showed me the right understanding of the word of God as well as its right application. Things have drastically changed since then. The issue that confused me is that I was using scripture you see but getting a negative picture! We desperately need to get back to the basic fundamental Christian doctrines which talk about Gods sovereignty, human responsibility, works, ethics and all so that when the day of trouble comes, we shall be thinking Biblically. A final example will do. For many years, I kept failing examinations (1991-1998) and subsequently fell behind my peers. I was getting discouraged along the way but when I recollected what I had been talking about all the years prior to my academic trials, I suddenly sat up and put up a spirited fight until I succeeded. Admittedly, it was not easy but armed with the right knowledge; I could stand up and run along. O Christian, what is it that you KNOW and are persuaded about as factual and true? In the second place, we read, that in all things God Not only did Paul experientially know that God was absolutely sovereign in salvation, but it was clear that God was in absolute control of ALL events without exception. He knew that the God of Heaven was
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not pantheistic or far removed from reality but was actively working in providence to order and control all events. Our God knows the end from the beginning and to him, the future is as good as the past because he dwells in one eternal moment and though outside time, he dwells among us in a loving way. As things begin to unfold, God already knows the end result but will allow the means to work their full cycle and then his design is fully manifest. For instance, many discoveries and inventions have taken place over the past few centuries or so, some of them extremely complex to the human mind but not with God. He may have been ignored and sidelined by many a scientist of even atheist yet He is working out his purposes which eventually ripen. Even the apparently bad happenings He is always in the aware allowing only what he deems best to take place (Lamentations 3:37-38: Deuteronomy 32:39). There is nothing that ever happens in our lives or in the world without the knowledge of God, whether they are good or bad, evil or pleasant. As earlier asserted, there is nothing that can ever take God by storm forcing him to revert to the drawing board as some would teach. Ours is any orderly and magnificent God that is never ambushed as the God that others teach about. He may not be the direct author of these evil things in the sense we know it but He is none the less aware. This is a truth that is to be held with all our heart as it speaks security and comfort for the saint. The best is that He does everything for our good. In the Biblical context under consideration, we note that the things that ever take place are entirely in the hands of God for we read in all things God Now why does the apostle say .all things God? I suggest that he would rather have us note that God is the first cause of all events in the universe and therefore. Nothing will ever take place unless he allows it. Let it be note that God is NEVER the author of sin Men in/by their own wickedness commit these sins and are responsible. Are we not told in James 1:13 that God tempts no one? Are we not told further that we are tempted because of our evil desires? (James1:14). Oh friends in all and every situation God: He does all things as he decreed then way back in eternity ere time began. There is a story written about the writer of the Hymn When peace like a River. It is said of Horatio G Spafford (1828-88) that he had been an extremely wealthy and successful believing man. It came to pass that his wife and children went to Europe from America while remained at home to run the business. From an extremely wealthy man, he lost literary everything in a succession of events akin to what Job of old went through. His business was engulfed in an infernal and lost everything. That was crushing enough but in the next moment, he received a message from his wife that the ship had sunk and she alone was saved. The children perished. He was broken but out of that experience was born that powerful hymn; It is well with my soul! Joseph Scriven (1820-1886) is another who experienced a dark cloud of providence over his life and yet produced a powerful hymn that we rejoice over. He was pledged to be married to a pretty bride somewhere in Ireland but the girl drowned in a river very close to the marriage place. He too was shattered but the knowledge that in ALL things God is in control, he got himself together and went to Canada as a missionary. W e could talk about the writer of the song This so sweet to trust in Jesus Louisa M R Stead who
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lost her husband before her very eyes in tragic circumstances. The man saw someone drowning and instinctively dived into the lake in a bid to save that person but instead was clutched and pulled to his watery grave. That was a tragic episode indeed. It is said of John Calvin that at one time he simultaneously had over 43 diseases in his body and yet has left a more potent legacy than many of us combined. What is interesting is that he worked mostly under candle light using a feather! It is said that when he was preaching, he often used to carry a bucket by his side into which he could spit his bloody sputum, and yet consider how rich his works are! George Whitefield was an asthmatic patient but preached to more people than any of us will ever do, using nothing but his voice to project it to thousands upon thousands. There are myriads of stories and testimonies that we can summon but God does work in all things. God was working in all cases and gave sufficient grace. Are you aware of this? Do you ever exert yourself while resting in the power of God to accomplish exploits in His name? iii. In the third place we read that God works for the good of those who love him - It is a blessed thought to know when we enter the Christian life that though at times things will be rough and not well ordered according to our preferences, yet in the providence of God, all things are working out for our good. When one reads the different versions of the Bible, one discovers that some seem to suggest that though things happen at any time, God is still in control. But our version (New International Version) puts it neatly because it seems to me that God is first put in the picture as actively working all things according to His purpose. He is not a distant, remote and far removed God of the Deist but one that is personally ever present ensuring that things are working according to plan, a good plan at that. Now, God is the first cause of all events and we note in this part of the verse that all these events in the life of the Christian, ought to be viewed with a different eye from the unbelieving whether good or bad, joyful or sad or sorrowful They should be viewed as a working out for good. Calvin had a frail constitution but has left a lasting legendary legacy. Whitefield was probably the greatest preacher who ever lived and yet was asthmatic! Spurgeon had gout most of his ministry but was mightily used of God. His monumental work, The Treasury of David work on the Psalms is indeed legendary. Paul the apostle suffered much but he has left an indelible mark upon the page of history. 14 of the books in the New Testament are said to have been written by him, yet he had a thorn in the flesh that afflicted him not a little. Although we do not know the exact nature of this problem, it is certain that it afflicted him quite a bit, yet he went on to higher heights of service (Galatians 4:12-16; 2 Corinthians12:7). When things are good, we all rejoice and have many friends as well as admirers but when things are in disarray, everyone deserts us and we feel the anguish, the pain. We often ask the question why me? Why allow me to pass through the valley of Baca? Why let me drink Mara water? We want instant answers but God may not give immediate responses. Sometimes, the cloud is so dark that we cannot see anything good but evil but the Christian should be patient in the school of providence and should rather ask the question What will you have me learn Lord? than to begin to look into ourselves pitying ourselves in the
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iv.

process. No, No, No! Let us have that eye of faith and take note of the times and perhaps in future look back in humble gratitude to God for his mercies. Many a saint has learnt a lot through this school of providential affliction and has eventually turned out a far finer Christian thereafter. The furnace in that regard has worked out good in refining their character and perspectives to life. The frowning providence which had threatened to crush the saint suddenly was passed through with great safety and having left the Christian far better off. Is this the way that you view things? Are you ever conscious that God decreed all things? Paul would say to the afflicted Thessalonians that it was Gods will that they were in the situation they found themselves in, whether pleasant or not (I Thessalonians 5: 18) Now, this kind of perspective does not sit well with many of todays theologies. As a student, academic failure brought extreme shame and crushed ones esteem. Sadly my lot fell in that area. Try as I might, I kept flopping exams despite having been one of the best students from Primary through to secondary school. The seven years I struggled taught me that God is no respecter of persons and only wants his purposes to come to pass, and yet for our good. I was puzzled then but when I look back now, it was for my good. I am better shaped now than I would have turned out if I had not passed through the frowning providence. Now, I understand better what it means to fail and to be an outcast and thus I am very sensitive to such people. I find myself helping out. The second positive thing is that I am extremely resilient and determined. I can persevere through difficult times until we achieve our goal. This has helped me in work of missions. William Carey laboured for many years in India without a single fruit. His child died, wife went mad and support from his home land was cut off at some point but he laboured on. In the years after his demise, thousands got converted and today, India harbours some of the finest and probably the greatest number of Christians. David Livingstone was scorned when he decided to disappear into the heart of Africa to preach the Gospel. Many thought he was insane, at one time a lion even almost ripped off his arm and yet he laboured on only to lay his life in the heart of Africa, at Chitambo village. Today, Zambia is largely Christian as a result. Often when I drive past Chitambo on my way to and from our nations capital Lusaka, I cannot help but thank God for that brave warrior of Christ. His was a pure love for Christ, no wonder he was enabled to do much for God. That said, we would wrap up this point by saying that we therefore need to hold on firmly to this truth that God works out all things for our God especially to us who love him or are loved by Him. I wonder, Do you love thus Him? We pass to our fourth point which alluded to the fact that these things work out for the good of those who have been called according to his purpose. It is a blessed thought to know that no one is ever a Christian by accident or because s/he chose Christ per se. But it must be noted that God works out all things for the elect because He has a called them. At one time, you and I were dead in our sins (Ephesians 2:1), lost and without hope or God in the world. But when the tome had fully come, God called us effectually by His spirit, our claims fell off and were empowered to believe and come to Christ. In the day of His power, God made us willing (Psalms 110:23). Havent you wondered, dear friend, what it is that moved you to turn to Christ? It is always a marvel to all those that have come to know this truth that God calls that are ever saved effectually. How humbling it is to the saint to know that it was God who called and made us alive in Christ. And so, in
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our text the apostle begins to refer to this truth of effectual calling and tells us that all these things are working out in this manner because God called us to be set apart unto Him and his glory alone. This was his purpose that we should be set apart to glorify him in ALL things. Friend, do you know that God has called you because of His own purpose? Are you conscious of the unique call that God has placed on your life? Do you know that it pleased God to call you so that you might fulfil your call? Are you carrying out your assigned task? Do you have a purpose for living? Are you living a purpose driven life? Having ably demonstrated that the saints are called according to the Divine decree of God, the apostle begins to open this truth further and goes outside time! He seeks to show us the genesis of our salvation how that it begins ere time began, way back in eternity past. Before God ever created anything, He existed alone and had fellowship with Himself. He was self sufficient and thus was not in any need of anything outside Himself, yet it pleased Him to create. The baffling truth is that ere time began, before He even created, God had all human beings in His eternal mind. All He could see were a fallen and hell bound deserving sinners (Infralapsarian position). Yet out of those many, he foreknew, loved and determined to save them. He foreknew them or marked them out neither because they had anything special in or about them nor that they could believe of their own freewill at a future time while on earth. No! The eternal God chose some out of many people and has willed to save them Hence the verse those God foreknew... Further, the apostle alludes to Predestination and in this instance refers to those God foreknew as having been predestined to eternal life. Having marked them out, God predetermined their path to eternal life. The interesting fact is that God has not primarily predestined people to enjoy Heaven per se, but that they might be conformed to the likeness of his Son. This is the grand end to which all the elect have been predestined. Oh what a privilege is ours!! To know that God has seen fit to love such worms as us, frail children of dust, as feeble as frail!! This truth ought to take the sinner out of himself and cause him to leap for joy and praise God forever. It was whilst we were yet sinners that Christ died for us (Romans 5:6). Think of it, whilst we were still raising our ugly fists in the face of almighty God, he made the initiative to save us (2 Corinthians 5:18-20), at a time when we were all unlovable and yet he showed unmatched favour and grace us-wards! How then can we be separated from His love? Beloved, do you ever thank God for your salvation? Has it ever occurred to you that God never needed you in the first place? Are you becoming more like the lord Jesus Christ each day? We ought to be so affected by this divine unconditional agape love! As earlier alluded to, the reason for our salvation is that we might be conformed to the likeness of His Son. The text says that he might be the first born among many brothers.
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The lord Jesus Christ came from Heaven itself and died a cruel death at the hands of his creatures. The apostle elsewhere (Philippians 2:5ff, some think this was a hymn in the early Church) marvels at how the God became man to save a fallen world. This kind of action beats human logic and yet it was true. As he was being spat upon, afflicted, insulted and scorned, he endured all that for the sake of the elect. At the point of dying on the cross, Isaiah gives a grisly picture of what the saviour might have been, completely mutilated and disfigured to the point of being unrecognizable. He was a set of bones as it were hanging on an accursed cross with blood oozing out of him. He died and was assigned a grave among the rich as the world settled for the fact that he had been silenced forever. During that time however, a lot was happening behind the scenes as Christ suffered the equivalent of Hell in our stead and when the due time came, he rose again from the grave on the third day! For it was impossible for the grave to hold Him captive because he had accomplished the work of atonement (both active and passive obedience). Thus He became the first born from the dead He was the first to ever rise alone from the grave, a token of what will happen to all who believe. In Colossians 1:15, 18 we are told from Christ was the first born from among the dead. All others that ever rose were either raised by Christ or by another power. But our Lord rose triumphantly from the grave on his own accord. This is what makes us certain that we too shall rise from the dead because Christ has been raised (1 Corinthians 15:20). This is a firm foundation for because the Father accepted the sacrifice of Christ (Rom 4:25). The fact of the resurrection should take a central role in the lives of believers as it did in the early church. Each day, this truth kept the saints joyfully anticipating the final return of Jesus Christ. Take heart, dear friend, Christ has been raised and you too shall be raised on that great resurrection morning! You may presently be afflicted roundabout and your body wasting away but a day is coming when all our momentary afflictions and trails will be no more, yea, nothing compared to what we presently face. No wonder Paul would say that our present suffering were not worthy to be compared to the glory that awaits us because he knew that one day his body would rise and be reunited with his soul. For then our salvation will have been fully completed. Oh how ought we to long for the redemption of our bodies! Furthermore, we may safely assert that all other saviours that ever rose are miserable wretched imposters because their bones are still here with us today! They were truly mortals indeed. But our king is no longer dead but alive! His grave is empty and this fact was authenticated by many (I Corinthians 15:3-8). Thus, we have clearly demonstrated that ALL things work out for our good and that they began in eternity past. To that end, the apostle could therefore safely rest upon God in all his earthly circumstances. Read his life in the book of Acts. What exactly made him tick? Isnt it the knowledge of these truths? I suggest it was. Allow me then to conclude in applying these lessons, may God help us to learn something.
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1) In whatever circumstance you are in, know that Gods hand is behind it all, having permitted it to occur. Never grow weary or tired no matter how bad your situation may be. Take comfort in all your circumstances. Has this been your habit? Is it you practice to read providence? Read Church history to draw some helpful lessons of what the children of God have gone through. Some have gone through far worse situations than you presently encounter and yet they triumphed, leaving the world as seraphic saints. John Wesley used to say that his Methodists brethren died well all because they knew the peace of God that surpasses all understanding. This blessing may be your lot too if only you internalise this truth. 2) Bless the lord at all time and live a thankful life. Knowing that no amount of goods works can ever thank God enough, how ought this to drive us to be thankful! Is it true of you? How sad in our day that many live as enemies of the cross! God forbid that it be true of any of you. Are you more like Christ today than when you first believed? Pause a while and retrace your footsteps, how has God delivered you hitherto? Hasnt he proved faithful to his word? Indeed, you may not possess all the worlds goods that we all aspire after and yet he has supplied all your needs in Christ (Philippians 4: 12) whether health, food, clothing, shelter or a good church! He has delivered us from the dominion of darkness (Colossians 1:13) and thus we are not under the power or tyranny of sin and its consequences. We are liberated and can live as free men! 3) Know this blessed truth and hide it (internalise) in your heart The fact that we shall rise even as Christ has been raised from the dead. Long for that great resurrection morning and live as a pilgrim here below! This world has a tendency of blighting as well as making us lose focus on the important things but the resurrection fact should constantly give us fresh courage, akin to the saints that have gone before. The heroes of the faith in Hebrews 11 most likely had the resurrection fact constantly before their eyes and kept going to the point that the world was not worthy of them. Why was it so? I put it to you that they looked ahead towards a city whose architect and builder his God. A celestial city that could not be disfigured corrupted or harbour any sorrow in it. In short, they longed for a trouble free society which only God can give to those that love and diligently serve him whilst here below. Does this describe you? Are you living in eager anticipation of Christs return? Are you, despite being in the spiritual departure lounge working out your salvation with fear and trembling? (Philippians 2:12 ff) Are you of earthly use, diligent in the vine yard as well as relevant to the world? Does this resurrection fact embolden you to face the world with fear of what men may say? I pray so. Now unto Him that is able to keep you from falling, and to present you faultless before the presence of His glory with exceeding joy, be glory and majesty, dominion and power, both now and ever, Amen!
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Bibliography Boettner Lorraine, The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination, Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing Company, 1932 Carson Ben, Gifted Hands: The Carson story, Zondervan, 1990 Carson Ben, The big Picture: getting perspective on whats really important in life, Zondervan, 1999 Chantry Walter J, Mans will-free yet bound, Mount Zion Publications Davies J.K (editor), who is in control? Grace publications, 1981 Dubowski Mark, Titanic: The disaster that shocked the world! Dorling Kindersley Inc, 1998 Fifer Barbara, The heroes of the 9/11, Pearson/Scott Foresman, Flavel John, The mystery of Providence, Banner of Truth Trust, 1963 Forbush Bryon William (editor), Foxs book of Martyrs, Zondervan Publishing House, 1954 Grace Hymns, Grace Publications Trust, Houghton S M, Sketches in Church History, Banner of Truth Trust, 1980 edition Lawson George, The life of Joseph, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1972 Lloyd-Jones Martyn D, Why does God allow war? Evangelical Press of Wales, 1939 Mangalwadi Ruth & Vishal, William Carey and the regeneration of India, Good books, 1993 Merle dAubigne J. H, The Reformation in England (Volume 1 & 2), The Banner of Truth, 1963 Mueller George, The autobiography of George Mueller, Whitaker house, 1984 Olson Gordon C, Beyond Calvinism & Arminianism: An inductive mediate theology of salvation, Global Gospel Ministries Inc, 1981 Packer J.I, Among Gods giants: The Puritan vision of the Christian life, Kingsway Publications, 1991 Pink A W, The Sovereignty of God, Banner of Truth Trust, Renwick A. M & Harman A.M, The story of the church, Intervarsity Press, 1958
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Watson Thomas, All things for good, Banner of Truth Trust Wilson Ian, Jesus: The evidence, Pan books 1984 ============================================================= 12. Evangelical Repentance Genuine Biblical Repentance Isaiah 55:6, 7; I Corinthians 6:9-11

Repentance! Nowadays, we see so much profession about Christ but rarely do we hear about or practically see this crucial element to true salvation. But what is true repentance exactly? Is it saying a sinners prayer after a preacher or confessing ones sins to a religious person? In our own words, we define true repentance as a change of heart and mind about sin and God. In other words, it is a complete change of heart and mind from a life of sin to a life of righteousness. Repentance, among many things includes the following: 1. A sight of Sin (sibi)449-One sees him/her self as God sees them, as well as the terrible seriousness of Sin. Many in our days don not realize that they are extremely vile and sinful in the eyes of God and as such move along in life oblivious of their state. They are in a state of death but once awakened through the work of the Spirit, they realize and see the need to repent. Act 16:14, 30, 31. 2. A sorrow for sin- Having realized their sinful state in the sight of God, they become extremely sad and disturbed because of the many years of wilfully offending God. There are grieved that they have spent many years in vanity and pride, caring not that the Lord was crucified in their stead. 3. Confession of Sin to God alone. When one is enlightened and the light of Gods spirit flashes into their sin filled hearts, the person does not linger in sin but hastily confesses and admits all the offences they have done against God. The person therefore owns up and tells God, the offended party, about this. No sins are veiled all hidden at this stage!
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Sibi in the local Lozi dialect means sin

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At this stage, the person feels like the Prodigal Son who does not feel worthy to be called a child of God. Note that this confession is not done to any person such as a Priest, Apostle, Elder or Pastor but to God alone through Christ our only high priest. Acts 17: 30,31 4. Forsaking sin- following the confession, the person takes a further step to violently hurl out sin out of their lives, having realized that sin is their worst enemy. Sin threatens to damn them to Hell. Unfortunately, many in our days do not forsake sin but merely reform, laying aside certain public sins and adopting other private sins. But this forsaking is total and final, all things become new. Acts 26:20. 5. Fleeing to Christ alone for refuge-When one flees from a Lion, they run to safety, not towards an open space where they will be devoured. They run towards a safe place for security. Similarly, the person repenting realizes that Jesus Christ alone is the only refuge from the wages of sin-Death Romans 3:23, Romans 6:23, Acts 16:29, 30, 31, Acts 4:12. 6. A trusting in Christ as the only sufficient saviour.(Faith)-This comes as a result of fleeing to Christ for refuge and once one has arrived in Christ, they rest from all their human made righteous acts. In other words, when one finds Christ, they find the pearl of great price and rest from all their weary ways. They do not trust Christ because He is found in a certain locality or due to language but as THE only Saviour that God has given by which we must be saved. Matthew 11:27,Ephesians 2:8-10, Acts 4:12, 7. Positively begin to live the new life for Christ. When all the above have taken place, the new believe is characterized by an earnestness to live for Christ as a result of a thankful heart to God for the great deliverance from sin and its consequences. The person is not content to keep away from sin but rather, seeks to assault sin in all its shapes, shades and appearances. Unlike many who fossilize as soon as they claim to have repented, the novice has a longing to stand up for Jesus and do as much as they can when God lends them breathe. The babe in Christ has a new heart, new aspirations, new company, new habits, new appetites, new desires as well as new principles guided by Gods word. Ah what a mighty transformation in ones life! What revenge against sin! Sadly though, many name the name of Christ in our days, these new traits are absent in their lives! 2 Corinthians 5:17; 7:11, Acts 26: 20 These are the certain experiences of someone who is a new creation. Reader, do you know anything of what we have been describing? Do you think and are persuaded that that which you claim is the genuine article or just a mere imitation that will not hold in the Last day? If any of the elements described above are missing, you have never become a true child of God yet. Oh dear friend make sure that what you have is the genuine Biblical repentance as it is in Jesus Christ! If you have any questions, kindly get in touch with us at the Kambule Reformed Baptist Church Mongu.

E-mail: Billy.Sichone@gmail.com
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We preach Christ and Him crucified I Corinthians 2: 2

============================================================ 13 Relativity of the times: Is the Bible the standard or not? Alcohol and the Church Although my present mandate is limited to the above captioned subject, I took the liberty to extend it a bit to incorporate some aspects that relate to this subject. As the heading rightly says, the church has something to say on the subject matter, and this for a good reason. The issue at hand has plagued both the religious and non religious world because alcohol intake has different meaning and connotations in different settings. In a globalised world where time held as aspects of right and wrong are fast giving way to relativity, it is prudent to give a word in season which may aid someone to make an informed decision before they indulge into this activity. Perhaps the question that begs answering at this stage is what is Alcohol and is there anything wrong with it? Other questions will flow from this question. By simple definition, alcohol is a fermented drink which has brewed over time and can be taken as a drink for various reasons and purposes. Alcohol is also present in other forms and is used for noble as well as ignoble purposes. Some use it as a stimulant so that they cast away any restrain and freely express themselves. Others take alcohol to dispel some bad depressing feeling or situation. Still others use alcohol to celebrate as well as to temporary forget some misfortune. There are others that use alcohol for medicinal purposes as well as for health reasons. The last group probably used the alcohol to network and link with colleagues, peers and business partners. The vast majority however use alcohol to excite themselves for a season as a pass time. But does alcohol accomplish all these things that have been highlighted above? Does it for instance take away problems and embolden some one? The answer is both yes and no. Yes in the
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sense that people that would be ordinarily be timid are suddenly very bold and freely utter things that they would ordinarily dread to say. They can apparently courageously tell off the neighbour, boss or people that they have a contending bone to chew without any qualms. This strategy works at times but at other times seriously backfires. No in the sense that alcohol has its down side which in many cases is terrible leaving one worse off than they initially were. Contrary to what many people believe and think, alcohol is a depressant rather than a stimulant. All it does is to numb the senses as well as make the body not react as fast as it ordinarily would, hence the apparent liberty and slurred speech. Another sad effect is that it sucks ones resources, enslaves and may reduce one to less than a crumb of bread. But that is not the thrust of our discussion for now. We shall hopefully broaden on these as aspects as we progress. What about the church, what is its position and role in this matter of alcohol intake? Generally speaking, there are different traditions, views and convictions about whether alcohol should be taken by believers or not. The matter of alcohol has generated a lot of debates as to whether a genuine believer in Christ can taste alcohol at all, let alone get drunk. What has brought about this varied view is the interpretations of the Bible? Before we investigate what the Bible says about this matter (because it is the highest court of appeal for Christians), we briefly highlight some positions held by various church traditions. The first group holds that there is absolutely nothing wrong with alcohol, its intake or distribution. They argue that as long as one respectfully and privately takes alcohol for whatever reason and quietly retreats into their home without causing any social problems, then all is fine. They argue that the Bible nowhere forbids drinking alcohol (beer) and as such, we may freely indulge, after all, the lord Jesus drunk fermented wine on several recorded times in the Bible. The second group argues in similar lines to the group just mentioned above. They hold that alcohol is as good as any other drink and one is at liberty to partake as long as they drink in moderation. The exact parameters for determining for what is moderate or excess are relative and elusive. This group even contends against those that would discourage other people from drinking citing several advantages of alcohol intake especially health related benefits. They further argue that Jesus had no issues and went to the extent of turning water into wine! The third group will only allow alcohol use for medicinal or health reasons. Others allow the use of wine when celebrating the Lords Supper, so that they remain as close to scripture as possible. They argue that the Bible nowhere positively encourages or teaches that Christians should taste alcohol at all. They argue that fermented drinks are to be left to the unbelieving and unwise to indulge in. They further argue based on the negative effects of alcohol as well as its apparently addictive or tendency to lead to suicidal tendencies. Alcoholism, suicide, money loss, impaired judgement, enslavement and all sorts of arguments are summoned as arguments for their stance. They argue that in New Testament times, the alcohol (wine) drunk had very little
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alcohol content and one needed to drink a great deal to get drunk. Wine was a common drink in their day akin to what Fanta, Sprite or Coca Cola are today. Thus, comparatively few got drunk and on occasion. No attempt however is made to substantiate the alcohol content in this groups assertion. The fourth and last group (for our purposes) advocates total abstinence from all alcohol whatsoever whether it is for medical reasons or not. This part of the Christian church views anyone who takes alcohol as an unbeliever, wicked and evil. The reason is because as far as they are concerned from the scriptures, there is no justifiable reason for such an intake. Why should someone take alcohol when there are so many other alternatives? From Biblical principle, they assert that granted, the Lord drunk fermented drink in his day because it was culturally acceptable and perhaps the choices were limited. Thus, Gods name would not be brought into disrepute if one was found sipping away some wine derived from the vine tree. They further argue that the Bible generally discourages people from taking alcohol but rather encourages people to be sober as they are filled with the Spirit. The other reason for total abstinence is that once introduced to alcohol, it grows and eventually leads to abuse, excess and senselessness. It therefore makes sense to maintain as much distance from alcohol as possible. According to this group, one of the signs that someone has been converted is they total abandoning and loathing of any alcohol intake or mingling with it. Thus, we can see that these various points of view affect the churchs reaction to alcohol intake. This probably explains why the church does not come out strongly against alcohol intake and rather takes an indifferent position. If a particular local church takes a strong stance against alcohol intake, the congregants easily gravitate to another more liberal assembly. To solve this matter, we must turn to the highest court of appeal, the Bible. What does the Bible really say about alcohol intake? Does it expressly forbid drinking beer and if does, why do Christians still indulge in it? We offer a few Bible passages and quickly proceed to consider what the Church can and ought to do to mitigate the impact of excessive alcohol intake. Firstly, the Bible nowhere expressly forbids the intake of fermented drink. What the Bible does say for sure is that fermented drink should be left for the undiscerning and foolish. Further, the Bible does say that fermented drink must be highly regulated so that the person drinking is not led to being a drunkard. The Bible positively says that the Christian must be filled with the Spirit rather than wine. Instead of being filled and eventually controlled by wine, the Christian must be so intoxicated with the Spirit to over flowing so that they are sensitive to sin as well as long for greater holiness. Paul would allude to this aspect in Ephesians 5 as well as in Colossians 3 where he urges the Christian to be filled with God as evidenced by what flows out of them. I have written a book on this aspect. Please refer to this on SCRIBD site for a fuller treatment.
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The other point the Bible talks about wine is that it can be sparingly be used for health purposes. If its medicinal properties can be objectively and beneficially be exploited, then by all means, use it. Paul, writing to Timothy (I Timothy 5:23) advised him to use wine rather than just water. It would appear Timothy was afflicted by some ailment such as ulcers perhaps and for some reason had not been using alcohol as an option. We have no telling why but we can only guess that Timothy either did not know the value of alcohol to his situation or he deliberately and wilfully abstained from wine. But some have argued as to whether it is wrong because the Lord Jesus, in John 2 turned water into wine. Granted, he did it but what was the central focus of that event? Was it that Jesus had power to entertain people or to reveal himself as the Messiah? That latter reason is probably the reason. Thus, we can see that although wine was an ordinary drink accompanying a meal in ancient times, its use was highly regulated and properly used unlike what obtains today. But what ought the church to do, given the revelation above? I have several suggestions and recommendations which might be helpful. Firstly, the Church must know and acknowledge that it is both the salt and light of the world. As light, it brings the transforming gospel truth to a hopeless dying world. The world needs answers and messages of hope rather than mere condemnation for its actions. It acts according to what it knows. In short, the church must illumine, sensitise and appraise people on what alcohol is, its dangers as well as its benefits. A balanced approach will do much good rather than veering to either extreme. This can only be effectively done if the church is first of all convinced that it has the moral duty to show what is right and safe. The second point worth noting that the church is the salt of the earth in the sense that it is there to preserve the world from further decay and destruction. As things stand, the world is veering from bad to worse because people no longer have mentors, guides or moral models that would point them to the right direction. Rather than shunning alcohol takers, the church should pragmatically fashion activities that will help curb the alcohol abuse that is so prevalent both within and outside the church. Secondly, the church should acknowledge that this problem exists both within its vales and outside. Alcohol intake should be viewed the way that drug abuse is perceived. In fact, to some extent, we can classify alcohol as a drug of sorts. If that be the case, then appropriate interventions must be set up and operationalised. One way is to have rehabilitation centres, drop in centres as well as create enabling environments where youths and adults alike can freely come for counselling and advice without any stigma attached. These counsellors should walk with these struggling people until they get rehabilitated. According to the Bible, if someone genuinely gets regenerated by the Spirit, then they instantly have the ability to say no! to further
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indulgence. The psychologist views this change as a process rather than as an instant drastic change. Be that as it may, the evangelical position is that God can radically transform the most enslaved heart into a free agent, free from the love and enslavement of alcoholism. In the third place, the Church should take the lead in shaping the moral values of Individuals, communities and nations. This is only possible if they teach what they themselves believe to be true. Without any conviction, then teaching will be half hearted as well. So far, many once vibrant Christian entities have been compromised and killed because of imbibing the relativist approach to things. If we are to have any changes, then we must be radical with our message, much like what John the Baptist did when he appeared on the scene, some four hundred years after the last prophecy had watered the earth. There is need to be decidedly radical and show alcohol for what it truly is. This can be done in several ways such as seminars, preaching, teaching, radio broadcast, joining hands with those who have a similar concern as well as writing brochures. The central need of the times is the gospel in its pure form and trusting that God will apply the work of redemption upon the hearts of people. Finally, the church should be engaged in advocacy and lobbying for stiffer laws that regulate the intake of alcohol. In Zambia, relevant laws exist but are rarely enforced. It is hardly surprising to have a Tavern or Bar open 24/7 with little or no restrictions as to who patronises those places. The church should not only leave lobbying duties to the civil society or some interest groups but must be seen to proactively contribute to the mitigation of alcohol abuse that has taken this nation by storm. In short, the church should go into the proactive preventive mode as well not merely reacting to alcohol related problems and ramifications. As we come to a close, perhaps it is fitting for us to highlight some of the negative effects of alcohol abuse (assuming that is what is what the subject head is meant to address). For one thing, alcohol intake starts small but grows with time leading to excess or debauchery as the Bible puts it. For another thing, once a person has been hooked by alcohol, they become less focussed and counterproductive. Many potential work hours are lost as a person nurses hangovers or countless hours in the Bar or Tavern. Deeper excruciating poverty is the inevitable result in the long run. Thirdly, if someone claims to be a believer, they bring shame to the name of the Lord as they drink beer like a fish. Very few people will emulate them and if any do, they are on the high way to destruction. Very few ever escape once they are on this road. In the fourth place, judgement is impaired and decisions made can have disastrous consequences. We have in mind the contraction of otherwise avoidable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as well as other mistakes one lives to regret. For instance, before someone gets drunk, they may
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have the sense and ability to tell who a beautiful girl is and who is not but once they get zoozled, every woman turns out beautiful! This has significantly to HIV infection especially in the age group 15-49 in Zambia. This is the most productive and sexually active age range. Ultimately, these people get weaker pausing a heavier burden on the already fragile health care system. I suppose it is in that sense that the scriptures consider wine being a mocker! Fifthly, focus is lost. In such a scenario, anything goes and no investment or self exertion is possible or evident. All the little that someone generates or earns is sucked away by the growing appetite for alcohol. In the long run, the person is reduced to a pauper with no one to employ or engage them in productive work. Many myopic thinkers down play the devastating impact of chronic alcohol abuse but time is the best judge and witness. For a season, someone might appear a star of sorts but sooner or later the telling effects begin to show, often too late to be redeemed or helped. The best is to avoid starting alcohol intake. Having highlighted the points above, it remains for us to conclude this matter and rest our case. We have seen that alcohol may not necessarily be bad or evil in and of itself but once abused leads to dire consequences. The Church must rise to the occasion and chart the course rather than just reacting or standing on the fences. There is urgent need to operate beyond the fall walls of the church buildings and aggressively be part of the solution. The message must be consolidated, solid and consistent. Christians need to live the talk and avoid secret indulgence. The desperate need of the times is role models, which are few and far between. Interestingly, only the Church can offer such real and live models. To remain in our cocoons is to court disaster, fail in our calling and incur the judgement of God! References A hand book for World Vision Staff, HIV/AIDS prevention and education, World Vision International, 2002 Blyth Mike & Garland Jean, AIDS is real and it is in our Church, Oasis international Ltd, 1984 Shaw Ian (editor), Social issues and the local church, Evangelical Press of Wales, 1988 =================================================================== 14. Demonic activity In todays Christianity, different people have different opinions on the areas of demonic activity. Some hold firmly that a genuine Christian can be tormented, oppressed or even possessed by demons and occasionally need delivering! Others deny altogether any existence of any demonic
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activity or the spirit world. These extremes are found at opposite ends of the spectrum. Accordingly, these have a telling effect on how someone reacts to life. Some are so confident in themselves, trusting the arm of flesh while others consistently live in fear of their own shadows! The latter group live in constant bondage they should have been set free when they accepted the Lord while the former are equally in bondage to sin and thus spiritually to the realities of demonic activity. It is shockingly true that some sound Christian churches do not believe that demons exist today because we are far more advanced today and can explain all things. Every problem has a logical answer. This group thinks that such activities occur only in the less developed nations where the occult reigns supreme. But the Bible has something to say about this matter. One does not need to read far to realise that this wicked spiritual world does in fact exist for why should the Apostle talk about it in Ephesians 6:10ff or in I Thessalonians 2:18? This was after Christ had suffered on the Cross and carried all our sorrows/infirmities! As Bob De Waay has rightly observed, people walk back into bondage. In fact, the apostle Paul says it even better in Galatians 5:1 in regard to the law (which is by the way good (the law that is) in itself!). There is confusion in the absence of truth as revealed in the word of God. Here is a descriptive case of a believer whose family fell prey to Charismatic invasion! Just relax and patiently read...... ========================================= Dear Billy, Thanks for sharing these materials. I have had a very, very quick look at them and I think the author appears to be on to something. I will take time to read and compare. I must confess am biased against this spiritual warfare stuff as it is being presented. I am especially uncomfortable with the implied extra-biblical authority that those peddling this teaching appear to hold. I am also uncomfortable with their ability to teach anything from any passage of scripture. I am growing in my belief that this teaching borrows heavily on superstition and witchcraft. I must be forgiven but I think the peddlers of this teaching appear to see the power of God from their perception of the workings of witchcraft. I cannot understand

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the obsession with the "sins of our fathers", curses, etc. Where is the power of God? What are we saved from, especially if we count ourselves as having been rescued from the Kingdom of Satan?

What I have seen in my house convinces me that what is passing for spiritual warfare does not take long to bring into bondage those who follow it. We once killed cockroaches because we believed they had the capacity to spread diseases. Now we must kill them because they have been sent by our enemies. We must curse geckos, frogs, grasshoppers, etc. "in Jesus' name" (I didn't know we could do that) and command them to "return to sender." Every other person is out to get us. We should not give people anything that belongs to us because they will use it to harm us. People who we once believed loved us are now trying to "steal our stars."

Cooking oil was something we used for what the name suggests; cooking. Now I have cooking oil on my dressing table! It is for anointing. Everything that scares us must be hit by this oil. This has become standard response to strange noises, the call of the owls, the cats (incidentally these all patronised our plot even before we built our house on it. Now my sons and I are learning to really pray for our food; it must really be sanctified.

Sorry, Billy. I thought I should just give you an idea about what has befallen us. I am grateful that the Lord has over the years led me to communities who loved the Word and paid careful attention to it. Those
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basics are crucial and will keep a soul safe from deception and bondage in the name of power. I do believe in spiritual warfare as explained in Ephesians 6. I do not see fear there. I see victory. I see that the miracle I must appreciate is that a soul can be saved merely by renouncing a life of sin and calling on the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. That by that one act a life is transformed, hope is formed, joy is known, etc. and one's name is written in the book of life. And this last one thing should be our reason for rejoicing; not that demons are cast out by ourselves (and they will, by the way). Thanks, Billy. I am comforted to know you are praying for us. We really need that. All the best. Shalom.

15. THE FIGHT


TEXT: 1Timothy 6:12 Alternative passages worth referring to: 2 Timothy 4:7; 1 Timothy 1: 18; Acts 20: 24; 1 Corinthians 9:24 -27, Hebrews 12: 1-3 etc

Introduction

Fights of any kind or type often generate a lot of curious interest. If individuals are engaged in
verbal or physical combat, soon scores of curios people converge with varying motives. Some want to know who has won tussle, who has lost the most blood or indeed the mightier is. Individuals, groups, tribes and nations are all intrigued by fights. It is a curious fact that the scriptures liken the Christian life to a fight with its attendant effects. We pause a while to consider what the Apostle Paul meant when he states Fight the good fight
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of faith in (Timothy 6:12). What exactly do we mean? Who is in the battle? What is the difference between the Christian fight and the natural fight? What are the benefits, if any of waging this war? The Lord granting us grace ,we shall explore this subject of The fight but before we do so, it is fitting for us to give the background and context of the passage we draw our lesson from, lest we be guilty of heresy or scripture abuse by quoting it out of context. Paul wrote the letter to Timothy, a young person that had been converted under his ministry. Timothy had a Jewish mother and Greek father and sat under the Apostles guidance for many years. Because of this discipleship, Paul passed on what he received as revelation from the Lord so that Timothy could continue the work, long after he had been gathered to his fathers. The occasion of this letter however was when Timothy was left at Ephesus to pastor the church (1Timothy 1:3) and in doing this; he would encounter various challenges, as expected of a minister of Christ and believer for that matter. Being a young man (approximately 35 years or below, Timothy encountered heresies and contention in the church which he needed to valiantly face and conquer for Christ. Thus, Paul urges him to wage war against sin at all costs so that Christ might be gloried. A good disciple always has spiritual sons and daughters upon whom they can rely when they are physically away. Our times desperately need people like Timothy who is willing to resolutely stand up for Christ at home, Church, office and everywhere till they breathe their last. Note that at the time when Timothy was at Ephesus, another son in the faith, Titus was on a mission to Island of Crete. History has it that Paul wrote these letters at about the same time, between AD 54 and 67 so much then for the background, we proceed to open the treasure chest. We break down the verse into a number of components as follows: 1. True Christianity is a fight. As earlier intimated, fights generate interest in our minds. When people hear of fighting, shooting, quarrels etc, they are attracted out curiosity. Those that love films prefer action movies because there is show of strength, skill, might and extra ordinary abilities. The apostle Paul got that analogy from the average soldiers dress, mind set as illustrated, the Christian life. To be a Christian means to declare war all the rest of your life. Unlike the worldly fights, the Christians fight is not physically, it is spiritual in nature our weapons are not carnal. We wrestle not against flesh and blood (Ephesians 6) and must fight die we die. It also means that in this fight, we may lose so battles but not the war since it is bloody, sweaty, harsh, difficult, lonely and unpopular. Many times, the Christians will feel like giving up but must soldier on, standing film in the power of his might (Ephesians 6:10, 1 Corinthians 15:58). The third thing about this fight is that there is never any cease fire. You never have a holiday; no resting but constant conflict till you are called to glory or the Lord comes. Even on your death bed, the evil one will come, planting some evil thought of unbelief so that you are poisoned in to mistrusting God. You must ensure resolutely stand film to the very end. The fourth thing is that you may be abandoned by friends, relatives and family
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because of your allegiance to Christ. Standing apart to be counted for Christ is not easy, but every true Christian must face it. Away with the lazy Christianity that runs away from notification, self disciplines, hard work, prayer, Bible reading and fasting but seeks to compromise at every turn! How sad that Gods name is blasphemed in our times because of our weak spiritual lives! One understands what Paul felt about the Jewish people in the (Romans 2:15). But what does the Christian fight against? Briefly, three enemies (1 John 2:15): A. The World: the world in which we live has certain expectations of its citizens. If you do not what everyone expects you to, the world comes as a ton of bricks on you, seeking to break and crush you. The Bible uses the word world in different senses to mean either the actual physical globe, the system of the world, the way peoples systems operate, think or given locality. In our context, we refer to the systems of thought that dedicate how we think, reason and apply our selves. For instance, the world thinks Christianity is irrelevant and backward. Thus, it attacks and opposes the films. It frowns at anyone who talks about holiness and opposes the faith. The world sees nothing wrong with pornography, bad books and evil films. It frowns at anyone who talks about holiness and dedication to Christ. A zealous Christian is viewed as an extremist or someone who is mad or confused. That is the world that the Christian has to contend with at home, at Church (sadly), at school, in politics and everywhere! The Christian has enemies at every turn and must fight all the way. B. The Flesh: From the time we get converted, our hormones do not get Born Again as well, but must instead be managed with the strength God gives through the Spirit he gave us at conversion. The flesh is like an opposition party, wanting its way, especially the easy cozy things of life. Thus, the flesh will do anything to have its want that includes sinning against God. For instance, when you suggest an overnight prayer .meeting, personal evangelism or attending church every day of the weak, the flesh will suddenly feel tired and resist uses. Marshalling all sorts of excuses. But you suggest going for a picnic, brail, wedding, films etc, see how the body lights up! The eyes brighten like Jonathan did when he tasted the honey (1 Samuel 14:27). Scans carefully in area of sex, see how many have fallen as a result of it. Many godly people have shamefully sinned against God in that area, including King David, a man after Gods own heart. This is the reigning sin of the times. Working in an organization that deals with HIV, we often recommend abstinence, but many people laugh because they cannot control themselves, so they claim. But the Christian can and will stand
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because they are regenerated (born again) and have the spirit of Christ living in them, unless they are hypocrites. Fake believers always fall at some point and rise no more but genuine believers can and will see the filth in which they are in and desperately attempt to come back to the Lord, which they eventually do. Do you know why many fall? It is because they underrate the power of the flesh! Let us watch and pray that we engage in the holy exercise of mortification (putting to death the evil deeds of the flesh, Colossians 3. This is a lonely and sweaty battle. This is a lonely and sweaty battle but it must be done. The Christian must fight! C. The Devil (1 Peter 5:8) He is a prowling enemy, always busy searching and looking for someone to destroy. The Devil aims to literary devour and tear some one to shreds. He has been in business for many myriads of years and knows the human heart very well, with over six thousand experience! Satan means business and intends to kill, steal and destroy. He will not stop at anything. Sadly, many of us Christians live as though the bind him, we nevertheless live as though he does not exists. Lets us watch! In the recent past, we have witnessed many godly people from all denominations, whether Charismatic, Presbyterian, Pentecostal, Baptist etc falling by the way side. The reason could, in part; they forget that Satan was there to destroy. Thankfully, we can overcome him through our lord Christ (1 John 5:1-4; Ephesians 6:10 etc) thus the need to abide in him all the time (John15). Watch the company you keep and who advises you. Listen to godly people that are far more advanced in the faith. Love your Bible, pray much and keep yourself busy. David fell when he stayed away from war, so the devil showed him a beautiful woman from the roof top. He fell because he was idle for a season. Flee, like Joseph from immorality! The Christian must fight! 2. The Christian life is a good fight: Unlike other wars that men wage, the Christian life is a good fight. It is good in the sense that its objectives (aims) and results are good. The fights of the world leave bloodshed, sorrow, destruction, poverty and all manner of evil vices. On the contrary, although the Christian battle is at hard, world leave The Christian life is a fight of faith. In our previous point, note that our focus was not on the physical warfare but spiritual. It is true, our fight of faith, trusting in the captain of salvation, the Lord Jesus Christ. We have the best General on our side and will stand all the wiles/attacks/darts of the evil one. On conversion, a person puts on the Lord Jesus Christ and valiantly fights throughout life. Thus, we will engage in spiritual combat that includes prayer, Bible reading, evangelism, and good works among many things. Faith is intangible and cannot be seen but we see its effects only. Hebrews 11 gives us a next excellent definition. Take time to read through the heroes of time we proceed to the point but we ask this question, are you fighting the fight of faith?
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3. Its effects are good because all those that engage in it, get a crown, get sanctified (more holy), grow in grace, are better citizens and bring glory to the name of Christ. The best is that this fight takes us to heaven. Show me one educated non-Christian who is perfect morally and godly and I will bring thousand who have been completely changed by the power of the gospel, not education or system will change Zambia. The politician will promise many things and not fulfil. The unbelieving husband will pretend to be faithful when he has set a secret lover by his side. The unbeliever will be mastered by money and this worlds goods. The fighting Christian only can overcome all these. (Romans 1:16) tells us that the Gospel is the power of God for salvation of souls. Now the word translated power comes from the root word dunamis or dynamite. Where akapata450 has exploded, you see the immediate result! Are you fighting the good fight? 4. Hindrances to this fighting: As we mentioned earlier, the moment you declare your candidate for Heaven, that moment you invite spiritual attacks but here are some hindrances as to why people do not fight the good fight of the faith: a. Salvation. An unbeliever cannot engage in this battle successfully because they are not part of Christian army nor can they wear the amour. They are blinded by Satan thinking they are safe when in grave danger of hells fire. Have you noticed that when a wicked man or woman commits any moral crime, nobody makes a noise about it but when a righteous person commits even little sin, the all world is in uproar, taunting the believers calling them liars etc? The reason is that Christian has declared war and defied Satan while the other is his slave, doing his bidding. That also explains why when a person gets saved, it causes a stir in town, and waiting for them to fall like the other is his slave, doing his bidding. That also explains why when a person gets saved it causes a stir in town, waiting for them to fall like the other per son. That is how Satan operates. You must get converted first, be delivered from sin and enlist the army of the lord. Only a true believer qualifies to serve in King Jesus army. Are you a commissioned soldier yet? b. Sin. The second hindrance is sin. People today call sin with different names such as weaknesses, challenges, mistakes etc to cover up or make it not look bad. Today, even professed believers are toning down on this and will not mention it in their talk, sermons and attempt to explain away their sins. At one time, divorce was unheard in the Church, not so now. At one time, bad rumours were scarcely heard about any believer. Let us watch brethren and stand for Christ today. c. The World. Today, the world is dictating what the church should do and not the opposite. The Church should be the trend setter not otherwise. The world today is much too hostile against the Christian and will do any and everything to destroy any spiritual life pulse hence the need to diligently keep watch.
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This a vernacular word for a dynamite

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Application Having briefly considered the fight we trust that it has sufficiently been impressed on your mind as to the necessity of fighting in the lord army. What remains is to ask a few questions in closing: I. Are we fighting the good fight? Il. Are you a commissioned soldier? III. What is that weighs you down? Could it be that you are not a Christian? Fly to Christ today! Finally brethren, a few more battles a few more struggle, a little more weeping and soon we shall arrive on Heaven shores. We shall soon be home, let us fight on. We shall soon sit at the lambs supper and rejoice in his presences. Now, weep and struggle with sin, the world and the flesh but there, these things will have been past and forgotten. I am sure we shall beat our breast once there as to why we grew faint here below. Let us move on, the captain of our salvation will be on hand to receive us. Meet me in Heaven! Amen!

Bibliography
Ryle J C, Holiness, Evangelical Press, 1992 edition

Ryle J C, Practice Religion, James Clark & co. ltd, 1959 edition
Ryle, J C, The Upper room, The Banner of Truth Trust, 1970 edition

Venning Ralph, sin is serious! Grace publications,


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16. Brighter than the Sun! At midday O King, I saw the in way, a light from Heaven above the brightness of the sun, shining round about me and them which journeyed with me Acts 26:13 (KJV)

Grace is a rare jewel, much brighter than the finest star or object. Here was midday when the
sun had ascended to its highest crescendo but alas, one brighter star than it appeared, the Lord Jesus! The sun undoubtedly is the brightest object in the sky during the day time, outshining the
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other stars into insignificance. The moon itself is cast into the bright shadows of the sun. It is great to notice here that the man Saul here experienced an eternal light of joy as the beam of light blasted his wicked heart. When God comes by His irresistible grace, He turns the tables over like in Sauls case where the man fell to the ground immediately covering eyes and instantly asked Who art thou, Lord?...Lord? This was Sauls first time acknowledging Christ to be the Lord. We notice secondly that those that travelled with him on his murderous errand also saw the light. They were affected, moved and terrified. The Lords light does affect even the hardest hearts though may not necessarily transform them. Men may reject the gospel but cannot ignore it. It is interesting to learn that the turning of Saul to Christ here also affected other people. It is true that when a sinner turns radically from the power of Satan unto God (v 18) not a few get affected. Our immediate bosom friends, relatives and close associates. When they behold the great change in life, speech and attitude, at first it seems all a joke but then as the years roll on, they cannot but marvel. Of course people react differently, most will react angrily but the fact is the new life their filthy filled lives. The result is that some (though a few) might be attracted to Christ while others walk away in disgust. Saul was helped into the city of Damascus but it is probable that some parted with him soon afterwards without any inward transformation. Friend has that which is brighter than the sun ever permeated your heart? Do you recall that day you radically broke away from sin? Is your Christianity only beholding able through a microscope? Oh be wise and shine for Christ if a saint!

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17.

Lots wife, a monument


(Genesis 19:26) But his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt (KJV) Alternative text: Luke 17:32

Probably as the four of them hurried away among the mountain trails or the main road that led to Zoar, no doubt there must have been a lot of noise, clamour, fear, commotion, restlessness, breathlessness and untold anxiety. The family may have looked like a little dark dot in their flight all alone and uncheered along the plains. So the church looks in this sin filled world as it pursues righteousness. It is unheralded until it arrives on the eternal shores yonder. An interesting word is used in our text as it begins with BUT. To the casual reader that three lettered word does not strike any chord upon their minds. However, for the careful reader, this word seems very pregnant with truth; it is the pivot of the story. A few points are suggested by that particular word as given below:
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1. Firstly, it suggests a contrast or turn of events from the norm or what has been described before this point. We know that the family was robust, at its fullest sail and there was possibly no time to look back to inspect or check the land covered thus far. This is a serious picture of someone in serious pursuit of holiness. They spare no efforts to acquire that which really matters and of eternal value. 2. Secondly, this little word suggests that the point consequently to be described may be different from the rest or probably did something out of the expected. Lots wife may have been one of those who were at the head of persuading her daughters to flee with them. Being a woman, she must have been terrified at the prospects of perishing and thus fled. But alas, she is the one who looks back! Many start well in faith. They seemingly have a faith which is simply unmatched. They can move mountains by their faith. Sadly, not all of them finish the race with joy. They look back and become worse than before. The word BUT is applicable to their state. 3. Furthermore, we note that it was the righteous man, Lots wife that looked back. But his wife looked back....What a sad event and yet true! She may have had all the external advantages and privileges of being the wife to the most holy man in the land and yet she was not transformed. Outwardly, she may have been excellently moral, but the heart was yet uncircumcised (Romans 2:29; Colossians 2:11; Philippians 3:3).She still secretly loved the world and tried to keep in with the crowd. Many, I fear put on the cloak of religion because of having responded to some corrupt alter call or sinners prayer. They were declared Born again there and then and thus ready for distribution from the religious market. Alas! After a day or two, the new product fails to tick! What has happened? Who has tricked them? Well, my simple answer is the same heart problem that plagued Lots wife. Have you a different heart? (Jeremiah 17:9; Ezekiel 36:24ff) 4. In the fourth place, we note that she looked back from behind him. Her exact position with respect to Lot is not certain but chances are that she may have been ahead of him together with her daughters or due to her fragile frame she equally may have been lagging behind. This writer suggests that she may have been ahead of the man because Lot must have been ensuring that none of them stopped, delayed or gave up. For Lot knew the full import or implications of looking back. Perhaps knowing his wife well, he must have known that she needed to be pushed to keep on going. Tragically, the word BUT is written on the page of scripture and will never be blotted out as long as the word stands for eternity. This hair rising occurrence must have been solemn because the Lord Jesus refers to this incident in (Luke 17:32). Put differently, Lot must have been shepherding his family along to the nearby town. During this rapid escape journey however, Lots wife may have found some excuse to peep over Lots shoulder and look back or perhaps her sandal came loose and so she found occasion to stop, pick her sandal
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and take a last glimpse at her former sweet abode (for the last time).Though her body was in full haste headed for Zoar, her heart was still entangled in Sodom and Gomorrah. Many, a professor451 appear genuine at first sight. Their language seems evangelical in every sense except for occasional and to some extent acceptable slips ups, which eventually prove fatal. However, for a long time, many persevere in this apparent holy disposition and frame of mind hoping that all will be well in the end. They hope that in the course of time, their historical faith will turn to saving faith. All you need is commitment, Keep trying, they are told. They are also urged to keep at it because The devil will seek to discourage you. Their spiritual parents are often at the operating table almost all the time working on their repeatedly defective progeny. What is the explanation? Why dont those children mature and stand on their own? Why remain in their nappies for many years on? Well, a few reasons are on offer: 1. The Professors hearts have not been regenerated by God the Holy Ghost (Titus 3:35). All these people are told to believe is that the Devil will discourage them otherwise they are saved without really explaining the actual root cause. This is misdirection because God alone is the author and finisher of our faith not we ourselves by our feeble efforts, hence the repeated falling. In other words, unless God draws one, they cannot, are unable to come to Christ. Many are white washed tombs outwardly devoid of divine grace or influence. Without Christ, men remain trapped in the firm grip of Satan (2 Timothy 2:26). 2. The preachers themselves are little conmen who delight in great numbers rather than the qualitative aspects of these numbers that periodically flock to hear them. They think that revival only consists in large numbers. Granted, numerical growth is to be desired at all costs by every healthy soul, but to prioritise it in the place of salvation is our greatest protest. The subjects are put under some frenzy or after a highly emotionally charged message from the heart, they are invited to the front to receive Christ. In His Sovereignty God, saves some through such means He is able to use stones! But the fact is that very few of those perhaps less than 30% are actually regenerated. The other 70% go back hardened and become twice the children of Hell in the sense that henceforth they will not entertain any questioning of their salvation. Only The Devil will tempt them through other people! To suggest any self examination (2 Corinthians 13:5) is to appear to doubt and thus hurled out through the window into the acidic ocean. 3. In our day and age, the authority of the scriptures is largely questioned especially by charismatic wing of the Church. Thus when dealing with a fellow on a religious wheel chair, it is difficult to penetrate, unless God sovereignly intervenes. The
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preachers opinions carry more weight than the scriptures, if he were the Assistant Holy Spirit that spoke! God forbid such tendencies! We think that such eloquent preachers do more harm than good. Such phoney preachers are more suited for the pew than the pulpit. The Reformer, Luther once warned against carrying three dogs into the pulpit pride, covetousness and envy. Barely 600 years later, are these not the very things he warned against and yet they are the norm of the day. No wonder we have many who carry Bibles in their hands and yet harbour Lots wifes heart. We should always remember Lots wife and not be surprised when many look back. Many are like King Herod who heard John gladly and did many things, yet would not part with his Herodias (Mark 6:1720). Are you any different? Finally let us note what became of her. She became a pillar of salt. I once heard a friend humorously remark that Lots wife was turned into Sodium Chloride. That was just after learning the chemical name for common salt. As to what type of salt or chemical composition she was turned into, we cannot tell but I think she must have been turned into some solid salt which could withstand the weather agents like wind, rain etc. The salt must be firm. The text states that she was turned into a pillar of salt, something solid and firm composed of crystals. This solemn event remains as a warning to all of us. If one turns back to the World, it is impossible for them to come back (Hebrews 6:4-6; Hebrews 12:17) and they became worse than before (2 Peter 2:20). Friends let us guard against this idea of looking back unless we belong to that womans spirit. But she look back, these words should send a chill down our spine! Lets beware lest we a bitter root of unbelief takes root (Hebrews 12:16; Hebrews 3:12). Henceforth, let us labour, fight and be determined to succeed. Let us be unflinching, bold and courageous in our pursuit of holiness. The road is exceedingly narrow and there are few that walk there in. I dont for a moment deny that fact but it can be traversed nevertheless for our souls eternal welfare. Thus let us persevere, we are not far from home, the eternal shore is at hand. A few more battles, a few more struggles, and we shall launch to Worlds unseen and be seated on our heavenly seats. Farewell reader and labour on!
*Books (works) Volume 111 pp210 (BOT). Lessons from Genesis 19:26

It is fitting therefore as we come to close off this solemn consideration. We suggest a few lessons to which we do well to take heed.
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Never look back after regeneration to the old life lustfully. We have crossed the border and we are in Grace land (1Corinthians 1:3 & John 3:14). Never look back to the world lest we become short sighted (2 Peter 1:19) Never envy the World or ponder much on what has been lost but rather what has been gained. The apostle Paul considered all things loss/dung (Philippians 3:7, 8) we should be especially careful here lest we envy the wicked like Asaph (Psalms 73) and thus become depressed.

Never look back to our spiritual pinnacles and good works so we can have a basis to glory. We should live in the now rather than on the past glory, our laurels as it were rather we should be forgetting what lies behind (Philippians 3:13). Progress was Pauls motto and must be ours too, lest we get stagnate or seek our reward in full here below. Finally to those that are about to abandon ship, take heed lest you make ship wreck of your faith! Ours is a short life but of course full of trials and temptations. Christ never promised roses and smooth sunny beaches. Beware of looking back lest your labours be turned to salt or you yourself be turned into a pillar! Walk ye circumspectly and meticulously be careful how you would build because your works will be tested by fire (1 Corinthians 3:13) for their quality and validity, will they endure or pass the test? So far, you have come very far as a brave soldier and thus cannot afford to turn back at the last! We are not very far from the eternal shore.. A few more rock and storm evading, we shall safely arrive at labour. The best of all is that Christ Himself will be there to welcome us when we arrive at the eternal harbour. Thus, let us labour, struggle, wrestle and fight. Soon the storms of life will be past and forgotten. In the eternal day, we shall look back in shameful retrospect for our lack of faith whilst on this terrestrial ball. Dear saint, labour to avoid such. The Captain of our salvation will safely make the shores clear from any threat of our ship running aground among the rocks. I long to meet you at the gates of the New Jerusalem mentioned in Revelation 21. Adieu! Adieu! And plain sailing!

Postscript

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Instead of being question makers of Christ, We need to exclamation points Anonymous. ======================================================= 18.

The Liberated Christian


For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men. It teachers us to say NO to ungodliness and worldly passions, and to live self controlled, upright and godly lives in this present age, while we wait for the blessed hope, the glorious appearing of our great lord and saviour, Jesus Christ (Titus 2:11-13)

The apostle had been discoursing in this present chapter what ought to be taught to various age
and gender groups. Paul simply sums up all the teaching as sound doctrine (verse 1) which is what ought to be true in any healthy functional church. In bringing forth these doctrines, the apostle suddenly looks to the skies as though diverting our minds from this present world to Christ. The correct doctrine ought to be taught and lived out because the enabling grace of God which brings salvation has appeared to all people. It is therefore true having been saved, Gods divine power has given us everything we need for life and godliness (2 Peter1:3). No saved soul is excused of presumptuous sin for this cannot be and in a sense is impossible! (Romans 6:1; 1John 3:6). For we have died to sin, its passions and lusts! Woe to him that has his mind set on things below instead of above! (Colossians 3:1, 2) This divine power is effectual and thorough in its purging work to the extent that sin is dethroned from its majestic throne of the sin infested deceitful heart. The sinful nature suddenly and immediately goes into the opposition generating a kind of internal civil war (Romans 7: 7-25). Reader, have you felt this power and struggle? Have you and do continually find this heart of yours relentlessly engaged in spiritual combat throughout you pilgrimage? Do you live in such a way that you quit sin resolutely like royal loyal spiritual soldier? Are the words NO written all over you against sin? Are you consistent and walk circumspectly in this sin filled world? Why, the days are evil! (Ephesians 5:15, 16).

But beloved my present thrust is not so much centred on the past nor that great Perousia but on the intermediate period before the Lords return. That Lord will surely return, no well instructed Christian can dare deny, but that many are in a state of eager anticipation for His return, I think very few are. For sure, each one of us has a secret view conviction of Christs return.

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The apostle wants us to live like strangers on earth because we are strangers and pilgrims here below (Philippians 3:20). Therefore it becomes of us to be of such a deposition of mind as those that are anxiously waiting for Christ at an appointed time or hour. We must be like those waiting for someone to visit them at an agreed hour at a particular meeting locality or akin to a transit traveller at the railway station, airport or bus terminus. Since we need to get on the train, plane or bus, we will do everything possible to disengage our minds from anything else that might divert our attention. Do you wonder then, that the disciples of old could address each as pilgrims? In such as scenario, the thoughts, aims and purposes will be directed to that which is long awaited. Though it delay and we grow impatient, repeatedly look at our watches more frequently, yet we will resolve to wait. As the time draws nearer to the appointed hour we get more engaged looking around in the direction from which our mode of transport emanate but we none the less stay put. For instance, we dare not go into the town centre or the market nearby. It could be that while we are gone for those few minutes, the appointed mode of transport could arrive and leave without us! It does not matter then how long we have waited prior to the vehicles arrival but whether we present or absent at the time of arrival. If we are absent, we are simply left behind. It is therefore necessary that we stick to our appointed station. Being in the station also speaks of our being in transit to another destination. It means that we will not allow anything to detract our attention from the awaited appointment. We will resolve to say NO to anything because we have got a mission to fulfil. We must then hold wisely to the earthly possessions, pleasures and gains to this life. (Titus 2:13) These must not at anytime come in between Christ and us. The Galatians did run well for a time (Galatians 3:7) but eventually lost the way. Those who desperately want to get filthy rich in this world often get themselves pierced with many sorrows (Timothy 6:9). Rather, let us forever remember Judas, Demas, Simon Magus and the host of witnesses throughout the ages of the Church who are monuments of ultimate destruction after having started off well in the faith. It is agreeable that these proved themselves not saved at the last, because they were not of us in the beginning, for had they been, they would certainly have remained (1John 2:19). However, it must be also noted that they persevered within the Church for a while and in many senses displayed remarkable signs of being regenerate souls but alas, alas indeed. Many begin well but end lamentably. Reader, will you be one of those seeds that fell among the thorns? Are you a stony ground believer? Having thus laboured to demonstrate that we are somewhat in transit, it remains for me to conclude. (1) Let us ensure that the Perousia is constantly upon our minds. Let nothing in this world cloud our minds but let us labour so as to receive a rich welcome in the Kingdom of our Lord (2 Peter 1:11). I certainly wish for a rich entrance in glory not as though saved through fire (1 Corinthians 3:15). I do not know about you.
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(2) Ensure that no extra weights of time threaten you to abandon ship. No weight of this world should cause you to inflate your chest which is spirit filled. Let them pile upon your chest or breast because you know that you are able to say that in Christ I am able to do all things. Not only in the great big things in your life but even the minutest details with Christ in the vessel, you can smile at the storm, as someone has quaintly, and may we say, aptly quipped. (3) Ensure further that your soul and mind are kept lively at your imminent departure for glory land. Akin to one in the departure lounge, so must your constant disposition of mind be. Let nothing detract your attention because all is set for departure, your luggage, assets and everything are in place and now Christ is at hand. Though dazzling sights and tempting sounds, might hover around your heart, avoid all civilian matters (2 Timothy 2:4). We are trained to wait for that particular, certain trumpet blast. The Lords return should be on our minds constantly. I wonder, is it true of you? Eschatologically minded saints often traverse the suburbs of Heaven, at least mentally in preparation for that great day. (4) For another thing, this waiting speaks of our being here but a season. Soon we must lay aside this earthly tent and fly away to be with Christ which is far better. Paul fell into a dilemma because of this thought in (Philippians 1:22, 23). He desired to be with Christ and yet at the same time to be here on earth to serve Christ. How I long for such a spiritual dilemma. Alas many of us have never known anything of this why? Because our minds are so earthly given to worrying only about tomorrow. Matthew 6:33 screams loudly in our faces against many of us. Beloved, let us labour on, we have put our hands to the plough as we are not of those that look back and destroyed. A few more battles, a few more struggles, a few more conflicts and combats with the flesh, the world and the devil, then we shall be buried and forgotten on this side of Heaven. Our passions, anxieties and desires will cease to matter. Soon our bodies will be paralyzed in death until Christ returns. Soon we shall be buried and grass will be growing over our graves. What then will it matter to gain the whole temporary world and forfeit our eternal souls? For the Christian, this will mean total loss of our rewards. Agreeably, it will be good enough to be in Heaven, but it will be more glorious to receive at least a crown. Thus in 70 or 80 years (The lord willing), we shall look back and echo the words: It is only our life, it will soon be past, but only what is done for Christ will last. Friend, are you laying up treasures here below or are you laying up for your Heavenly pension? After your departure will your works yet speak though you are dead? Will they be positive or negative? Oh brethren, labour tirelessly, unflinchingly and resolutely while time is yet in our court. Robert M'Cheyne always held this verse tightly upon his heart that says: Night cometh when no man can labour. Do you redeem the time knowing that you are yet to give an account? (Romans 14:12).
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(5) Lastly, this verse or portion speaks of having to be ready at all times. Although schedule at the station is at an appointed hour, yet it is possible for the train or plane to arrive before or after the hour. Thus it means you and I have to be ready in good time long before or after the hour. We must live each day as though it were our last because Christs return is imminent and will definitely come suddenly when least expected. We are not children of darkness who stumble as they walk because they cannot see their path clearly but rather we are children of the light who know and see our path clearly (1Thessolonians 5:4-8). Thus, we should be sober and clear minded so that we can pray (1 Peter 4:7) without which we cannot have Christs second coming in clear perspective. Like the servant in the Parable, we do not know when the master comes, we cannot afford to beat up the other servants, or be involved in drunkenness. We are to be ever conscious of Christs return. Finally, let us be like Caleb (Numbers 14:24) who had another spirit or even like the men of Issachar (1Chronicles 12:32) who understood the times and knew what to do. This speaks of being decided here and now. We must be discerning too. Let us ensure we leave an indelible mark on the page of history so that it becomes inerasable from the sands of time. We are not far from the eternal shore. The rocky shore cannot sink our ship because the Captain of our salvation is on board to guide us safely home. On the other side, God the Father waits for us. Friend, farewell and meet me on the day of crowns! Amen =================================================================== 19. Thoughts on 2 Corinthians 8:16

Paul boasted about Titus, Luke and Apollos as consistent faithful men. He could stand at the
pinnacle of Mount Everest and declare that they were altogether Christians. In all weather, situations, circumstances or encounter, these three men were worth their salt. In nothing were they wishy-washy and neither did they have felly fish backbones. What delightfully careful Christians! They walked circumspectly not only before God but also before men (2 Corinthians 8:20, 21) and yet how different is the picture today! Many a green headed religious leader makes bold claims and yet their closest colleagues are as ungodly as in the heathen lands! At every turn, they give occasion for people to slander, gossip and malign the faith. Conveniently, they dismiss allegations levelled against them as the devil at work. I wish they knew better. To that end I
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ceased to boast about living Christians who are still in the school of sanctification long ago. One cannot have full confidence in any mortals these evil days because even the devil is religious nowadays. I have heard of brethren who were once regarded as standing, dependable Christians but all the while they were chain smokers so drunkards. I have met brethren who have excellent minds, some of the finest doctrinal men of our times, yet they have rotten hearts which cannot avoid unethical sexual relations with the opposite sex. Further still, I have heard of some godly sister considered the most prayerful and yet she has maintained a relationship with the unbeliever A married man for that matter! The list is endless. The Christians rank among the worst largely because many of them are still unregenerate and think that religion is a means of financial gain. No wander some would attempt to swindle banks after so much trust has been invested in them. Oh what a dark blot is ours! How the Church has fallen like lightening to the ground! What is the reason for this dismal performance and behaviour? What is the root cause? What are we to do? Who will help us? The answers to the above questions are indeed beyond the ability of this wordsmith to answer. But in a nutshell, the root cause is that many are still unregenerate. We may safely conclude that the old deceitful ways are still is at the helm of the heart controls. The second is that the regenerate are far too careless in their worldly associations. They do not have quiet times, prayer or the reading of the scriptures as it was in glorious days of their distant past. Worse more, many Christians grow like wild grass, no direction as no sound teaching is offered in their churches. Having a nice time is the in thing because doctrine is a bore. While some are bankrupt of theological knowledge, the rest are too full of it and hence have become either puffed up or hardened. They go to church not to be fed but to audit sermons whether they fit in their scheme of things or frame of mind. This case is worse because to whom much is given, much will be required. As to what is to be done, I assert boldly that we need to return to the ancient Biblical Christianity where the scriptures are the final authority or the highest court of appeal on all matters of life and doctrine. I f this be the case, I am not afraid of the result. Christian preachers: love the book of books once again and you will die happy. The only source of help is none other than God himself. The apostle Paul in Roman 7:25 thanked God that Jesus Christ was the answer. I am convinced too that this is the answer to the worlds need. Finally, let us labour on, we are not far from home, let us pray, fast and act Amen!
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====================================================== 20.

Reflections on ones spiritual birthday


O HAPPY DAY THAT FIXED MY CHOICE! I sit to look back in the past five years gone by in my spiritual life, I cannot but help remember those words charged to us immediately after that scripture union camp on August 15th 1987. I wonder, whether I meet five years from now, will I be able to shake your hand and say brothers!Ah! How refreshing and challenging those words! They still echo in mine heart. It is as though these words were uttered a few days ago. But when I look back at what I have undergone in the same period, I note that the battle has raged hotter by the year. The spiritual battle indeed has been a hostile, fatal and difficult one. Many times I have felt like quitting the fight but alas! I have resolved to fight on like Christian in The Pilgrims Progress when he was about to fight his arch energy, Apollyon. My parents, brothers, sisters and friends have bade me farewell because of my pilgrimage. The words of our lord in John 15 have always echoed in my mind about being hated on an account of his name. Despite all these conflicts, it is only prudent to ask myself whether it is truly because of Christ that every trial has come. I dare not for a moment deny this to be because often times I have fought in the flesh rather than spiritually. Oh for grace to love thee more! O for a heart from sin set free! From this day let this be my resolution because the grace period ends this day I must say that today is when my actual spiritual battle begins. My fight has not been good in the past particularly, this fifth year. I have observed my own impatience, controversy with saints and sinners alike Ah how I mourn to know that to every skirmish, I have found a convenient excuse to explain away my actions. Oh! that I would be humbler in the ensuing year. Help me oh master to follow you most closely.

As

This day I resolve by the mercy of God to: 1. Seek to know the lord Experientially Doctrinally 2. To spend more time with the lord in Prayer Fasting (once a week) Wednesday Evangelism: - Workmates
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3.

4.

5.

6.

- Classmates - Relatives To work hard and applying my all In the lords duties In rendering to Caesar his due at home broad To follow the Lord fully and single heartedly Avoid all unethical relationships, all God dishonouring desires, particularly with the opposite sex, oh for a heart that is guarded! Avoid backbiting or slandering any and everyone. To seek to be quick listen and slow to speak in all matters. Many times I have lamentably failed but let me arise. And begin afresh! Arise O my soul arise!! My thoughts, motions, desires to be placed under the touch stone of the scriptures (Including my present desire to study without the country).

Divine instructor, I call upon thee this day to help me to uphold and excel these standards. For with my own strength I am but a miserable failure always resolving but always failing. May I make vows unto the Lord and fulfil them (Psalm 76:11). For it has been said of old only one life, will soon be past but only whats done for Christ will last. Oh that today I might yield to God with all my faculties! Now unto Him who called us by His glorious gospel through His mighty Spirit and His eternal Son be glory and honour now and forevermore, Amen! Billy Chilongo Sichone THIRTEENTH AUGUST NINETEEN HUNDERD AND NINETY TWO IN THE YEAR OF THE LORD. 13TH AUGUST, 1992 LUSAKA. ========================================= 21. Legacy thoughts
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When Teddy Parker (a Botanist) and his colleague perished in a plane crash, the world mourned
that two natural libraries akin to those that once burned at Alexandria had been destroyed without any back up. These two men had the book of Nature thoroughly soaked into their body cells. Nature flowed in their blood stream. How much more should the book of the Holy Ghost be fittingly and chemically flowing in our blood! O for men who when transported to glory can be mourned as the loss of spiritual libraries! Are you the man or woman? Frances Havergal (Author of the hymn: Take my life) memorized the four gospels, most of the epistles and the book of Isaiah! John Bunyan too had the scriptures in every cell of his body, no wonder he was the immortal dreamer penning down the timeless monument Pilgrims progress. We again echo our question. Are you the man or woman of our times? Are you like the men of Issachar who knew the times? (1 Chronicles12:32) or are you the Jacob who awoke from sleep to serve the Lord (Genesis28:16)? Go forth and make the difference which the sands of time will not erase or the corridors of the centuries will not fail to echo. ======================================================= 22. THOUGHTS FROM GENESIS 39:3

Having been musing and meditating on Genesis 39, I came across this passage And his master
saw that the Lord was with him. It is interesting to note that Joseph, having been sold in slavery to the Egyptians is noted as being different. In all probability, this man (his master) was a stranger to the God of Israel or at least worshipped other duties. But take note that his boss could read something of Christ or God in his (Josephs) life. Chances are that these people of high hierarchy lived in riches, pomp and pleasure and yet Joseph stood out as unique in such an environment despite being far away from his homeland and kindred.

Let us note that:

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(1) Joseph was in a totally strange land yet he ticked. The religion of his God did not cease at the entrance into the borders of Egypt. Can my religion tick on any part of the globe? (Ephesians 5:16; Galatians 5:7). (2) Joseph stood all alone, alone in the household, alone in the group, alone in the city, yea, alone probably in the land! What a resolute man Joseph must have been. Let us take a leaf to resolve to follow Christ fully like that man Caleb in Numbers 14:24. It was Jonathan Edwards resolution to follow Christ at all costs even if all others forsook Jesus, he would not. Is this your resolve? (Philippians 3:9,10,13 ;1:21; Hebrews 6:9) (3) Notice the phrasing his master saw that the Lord was with him it is evident that Joseph radiated something of his God to the extent that his master noticed that he was unique. Joseph was radiant of the eternal Son rays. It could have been as a result of his manner of his behaviour, his diligence at work or his consistency and language. All these, perhaps were unique about Joseph. Note that Joseph was not acting up hypocritically as many are in the habit in the latter days. He never uttered any unwarranted Amen or Hallelujah but rather did his closet work diligently. Friend, can people see the Christ being radiated from your life? Can they see that it is the Lord who makes the difference and not merely your personal effort or Good works? The young mans master saw that the Lord was with Joseph hence making the difference. In other words, if the Lord was absent in Josephs life, his master could not have seen the difference between him and others despite his consistency, honesty, diligence or hard work. Oh how I wish I could radiate Christ more! One hymn writer once wrote:

1. IN TRUTH AND GRACE I WANT TO GROW LIKE JESUS, DAY BY DAY; AND SCATTER SUNSHINE WHERE I GO, ALONG MY PILGRIM WAY. 2. I WANT TO LIVE A LIFE OF LOVE LIKE JESUS DAY BY DAY; AND POINT SOME SOUL TO HEAVEN ABOVE,
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ALONG MY PILGRIM WAY. 3. I WANT TO DO SOME KINDLY DEED LIKE JESUS, DAY BY DAY; AND FOR HIS KINGDOM SOW THE SEED ALONG MY PILGRIM WAY (I.S. TAYLOR)

How I long to radiate Christ more against the dark background of wickedness in our day. The apostle in Philippians 2:15 exhorts us to shine the brighter as the world grows darker. Are you salt and light in this world? (4) Notice fourthly and lastly, that Josephs godliness was evidenced by the results of his labours which prompted the master to notice. Perhaps he may have whispered to himself or to his wicked wife: wait a minute, this boy is strange and unique. Why? There must be a greater power behind him. Josephs labours all prospered. It must be noted however that not all things without exception prospered but me thinks that the major things largely are here referred to. We can safely conclude though that there was a ting of excellence in all Joseph did and so must we. We can learn from here that the more Theo-centric we are, the more the Lord will bless us. It could be spiritually or even materially! If we harbour sin in our hearts, the lord will not hear us! (Psalms 66:18). A word of caution is here timely, the Lord is sovereign in all His dealings with us this, He can choose to bless abundantly or to afflict, how can we account for the situation of Job? What about St Paul and John Bunyan? Admittedly, men like Abraham were rich but we cannot build a doctrine out of it. Well friends, the time is short, but us aim for perfection (II Corinthians 13:11) Amen! ============================================= 23. CONVERSION (FAITH AND REPENTANCE)

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First to those in Damascus, then to those in Jerusalem and in all Judea, and to the Gentiles also, I preached that they should repent and turn to God and prove their repentance by their deeds Acts 26: 20

Introduction

We live in extremely religious times452. We can echo the words of one prominent Deist,
Benjamin Franklin, who once declared over two hundred years ago that the whole world is religious. This is hardly surprising because some kind of religious frenzy has blanketed this nation. It is not uncommon to meet people who now espouse the term Born Again because of certain material benefits that accrues as a result of ones open and public profession of faith. After all, the President and his Vice profess the faith453. But the question on the ground is Who is a Christian? Or who is a person that is truly converted to Christ, what are the genuine marks? It will be our preoccupation in this write up. The apostle Paul was giving his testimony before dignitaries, King Agrippa and Festus (Acts 25:23). These were people who demonstrated a lot of pomp and show as they walked around because they were leading men of high standing in their context. They also wielded fame, power and influence and thus gracious grant Paul audience away from their busy schedule. Once granted leeway, Paul makes the most of the opportunity by making his case known before these gentlemen. As usual, Paul was systematic and logical in presenting his case and marshals all his powers to convince his audience. He goes about his case in the following fashion:
452

Firstly, he begins with his spiritual genesis v1-11 He clearly narrates his encounter with Christ v12-18 After wards Paul presents Christ and Him crucified v19-23 He then elicits their reaction so that he may further present his case v25-27

453

At least in the Zambian context as at 1993 onwards Note that Zambia was declared a Christian Nation at the end of 1991 and the top government officials claimed to be Born Again.

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Before we deal with conversion, let me clear the way by correcting many wrong notions about who a Christian is. We shall then proceed to define or look at the nature of conversation (i.e. who a Christian is) 1. Mistakes about conversion 2. The nature of conversion (Repentance and faith) 3. The necessity of conversion (i.e. including regeneration) 4. The marks of the unconverted So much then for the preliminary points, we now consider the points thus suggested:

MISTAKES ABOUT CONVERSION


(a) Conversion is not a mere making of the profession of Christianity. Many are nominal Christians and yet they depart not from iniquity (1 Corinthians 6:20; 2 Timothy 2:19; Titus 1:16). Many profess to know God but their works deny Him. Indeed myriads are called but few chosen (Matt 22:14) but in the end are actually rejected! (b) Conversion is not being baptized or any other religious ritual. Ah how many are caged here! Just because they have undergone the waters of baptism of have been sprinkled, then they think that they have title to Heaven. This is a grave mistake because many who have been baptized are now in Hell, languishing and gnashing their teeth. While on earth, the boldly and confidently put on the badge of baptism as a key to the kingdom of God but realized too late that they had never been truly transformed. They held on to the form and image rather than the actual genuine article. Baptism has its own right place as evidenced in the following cases: a. Acts 8: 26-40 The Ethiopian eunuch was only baptized after hearing and understanding the gospel. Having believed in the Lord, he thus genuinely asks, Why shouldnt I be baptized? Empty professors want to put the cart before Ox. b. Acts 9:17 Then we have the case of Saul. He had spent most of his life trying to gain salvation by works and went to the extent of attempting to exterminate any saint. His aim was to annihilate the Church, if it were possible and for sure he
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made great strides in that direction. Thankfully, he was arrested in His tracks and turned to the Lord in faith and repentance. He is thus baptized only after calling Jesus as Lord. Today, the picture seems to have been entirely altered. We might as well say wide is the road that leads to eternal life rather than Strait are the gate, and narrow is the way. It is and age of easy believism as someone has quaintly quipped. (c) Conversion is not a mere conformity to external rules of piety. Men may have a form but with our power (2 Timothy 3:5). Their very lives shout loudly against them in the opposite direction. Though they may troop to places of worship with the rest of humanity, zealously do many good things and yet be total strangers to the grace of God. This is a peculiar danger for many people fall into today. They pray long, hear gladly (Mark 6:20), forward in service and yet far from the Kingdom of God. (d) Conversion is not mere reformation attained by education, human laws or the force of affections. One may modify their behaviour, tastes and what they say or think and yet lack that which matters to enter the Kingdom of God. In short, conversion does not consist in a superficial change. It is much more rather454. Having briefly highlighted some common mistakes that confront us, we pass on to investigate the true nature of conversion:

1. THE NATURE OF CONVERSION


We now turn to consider the true nature of conversion as described in the Bible. Various definitions and explanations for conversion have been advanced by many well meaning people but in this section, we attempt to highlight some of the key aspects of conversion as relates to Biblical conversion. We shall not delve into greater detail to split hairs though. We supply these in point form. Here we go:

Conversion is composed of two aspects namely repenting and turning to God in faith.
454

Remember Felix! Acts 24:25

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(a) Repentance. One source defines this as: saving repentance is an evangelical grace by which a person who is made a child of God once they have forsaken or renounced their past sins. This is by no means a comprehensive definition but captures the main ideas relating to saving repentance leading to life. This turning from sin is the duty of the sinner having realized its evil and crying for mercy from God. In particular, repentance involves: 1. Seeing your sin 2. Feel your sinful wicked faultiness of sin (a sorrow for sin) 3. A hatred for sin (sorrow and shame) 4. Forsaking of sin (Turn away from) The person coming to Christ undergoes some form of regret and weighed down by the sins they have committed in the past against God. Further, they come to a realization that with or without committing any actual sins, they stand condemned in Adam, hence the calling upon the lord. Have you come to this point?

(b) TURN To God faith. The second aspect of conversion has to do with turning to the Lord for respite. Their sins weigh them so much that they have to cannot help but desperately call for external help that comes from God alone. The Bible assures every sinner that if they call upon Him in sincere faith while He may be found, they will definitely be forgiven of their sins and granted admittance into His divine family, the family of the redeemed of the Lord.

In the end, what matters is whether a person is converted or not. If you do not have these two virtues tied up in your claimed salvation, then you may need to double check with the scriptures, lest you discover too late that you had believed a lie.

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Once a person has been converted, certain distinguishing traits or marks characterize them. For one thing, Christ will begin to form in their hearts and character to which all observers will attest.

What will be the comment over your life once gone?

Bibliography
Alleine Joseph, Alleines alarm to the unconverted, The Banner of Truth Trust Ryle JC, Holiness, Evangelical Press ============================================================

24.

Lessons from Apostolic salutations


Text: Romans 16:1-24

Reading through the greetings the apostle sends, one cannot fail to notice how well,
accustomed and intimately he was knit to the saints at Rome (Romans 16:1-24) despite the thousands of miles separating them.

Some scholars argue that by the time of penning this epistle, Paul had never been to Rome before and therefore, the 16th chapter may not originally have been part of the letter but is a later addition. They claim that the book ended with the Amen at the end of chapter 15:33. But my present thrust and concern is not so much on the time, location or authorship but just on how well St. Paul knew his fellow brethren. Some were older than him in the faith, like Andronicus & Junia (v7) whilst others may have been the fruit of his labours like Epenetus (v5). All the same, the apostle greets upwards to over 30 people by name and offers brief comments on most them. This shows that St. Paul was not content to have a superficial skin deep kind of fellowship, but endeavoured to share his life. It is interesting to note that the person
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topping the list of the greeted is a woman- Phoebe. He calls her our sister suggesting that she was not only helpful and kind to a few circle of friends but to the whole Christian community! She most probably was rich in good deeds as is true of all those who profess to worship God (2 Timothy 3). Another woman of eminence to note in the text is Priscilla (v3). Notice that Priscilla is often mentioned first in many passages instead of Aquila her husband. Several theories could be advanced as to why but this definitely could suggest that of the two, the former (i.e. Priscilla) was comparatively more forward, determined and outstanding or outgoing. As such, she probably naturally came to Pauls mind first. This same reason could probably explain also why other Christian writers like Doctor Luke mention the ladys name first as they narrate (Consider the case of the Acts). Yet notice how lovely this couple was! They sweetly and harmoniously complemented each other rather than competed! The opposite is largely true today me-thinks. It is worth suggesting that Priscilla was equally well versed with scripture and theological knowledge for her to contribute in instructing Apollos (Acts 18). What a woman! Lady, are you the Priscilla of our times? I could go on to comment on another woman (v15) but for time and space.

As we draw to a close let us seek to take a few leaves from the Apostle and suck the juices out of them for our good. 1. Notice how many & how well St. Paul knew the saints at Rome. How well do you know the people at your local church? How many have you personally visited and chatted with to your mutual edification? Can you comment something about their character like Paul did? Labour to know more saints. 2. Note further that Paul knew them all by name and where they met (for prayers, as in house church). He was not content to know the generals but the particulars especially their spiritual temperatures and exploits. It is said of Spurgeon that he had a church membership of 6,000+ and he could remember them all by name! What a feat! yet it is possible.
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3. See here how important greetings are. Just one word could draw you closer to a brother or sister. It could be a seasonable word which might encourage them out of their present spiritual crisis. Only the last day will tell how many souls were encouraged or discouraged by your words or letters. Labour to write and greet by name! 4. I took a keen interest to notice that some peoples names appear but once on the pages of the Holy Scripture. Nothing much is said about them except the mention of their names. I am sure their names do not miss in the book of life (except of course the likes of Judas Iscariot, Simon Magus & Demas etc). Therefore, though they may have passed through the Christian life, not constantly eminent like Paul but rather like comets or meteorites. What about you? Will you leave an indelible mark such that the sands of time will not erase? I hope so. Finally brethren, live each day in such a way that when you come to die, you will not be full of sorrow and regret for not having lived better? Amen!

Post script: Do get on with your studies. Remember you are now forming the character of your future ministry in great measure, if God spare you, if you acquire slovenly as sleeping habits of study now, you will never get the better of it. Do everything in its own time. Do everything on earnest. If it is worth doing then do it with all your might. Above all keep much in the presence of God. Never see the face of man till you have seen his face who is our life, our all. Pray for others, for your teachers, fellow students Beware of the atmosphere of the classics. It is pernicious indeed; and you need much of the south wind breathing over the scriptures to counter act it. True, we ought to know them but only as chemists handle poisons to discover their qualities, not to infect their own blood with them455

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Robert Murray MCheyne advising some students in his day

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=========================================== 25.

A Dream

All praise His name!


Last night I had one of the finest dreams a mere mortal would ever have. Whilst I was fast asleep, dreamt that I was at some learning institution in which I was pursuing some studies of some kind. It so happened that one day, a young boy, perhaps my junior by a few years, came to my room not too sure of what he wanted. He opened up his heart to me and poured out his misery and anxiety of how that he had endeavoured in vain to gain salvation by his works. He pointed out that the more he tried the more miserable and helpless he became. As at that time he had despaired of ever getting saved and thus had walked to my room to seek help. Narrating his ordeal, I sat next to him quickly and patiently. His tone and countenance struck me as of one who was deeply troubled. Upon finishing his narration, I begun to labour, explaining the glorious eternal gospel. I preached no other than Christ dispelling all the wrong notions of salvation by works candidly but caringly declaring that his best works were as filthy rags (Isaiah 64:6) and how that he was a sinner from birth (Psalm 57:5), since the spring and fountain is equally corrupted after the fall. I laboured with all my human might to show him that unless he called upon Christ like the Philippian Jailer in Acts 16, he must needs be damned. As I drew to a conclusion, I noticed that the young mans countenance had further fallen and I could clearly see that he was more depressed than before. The Balm of Gilead was applied effectively. When my last full stop was in place, behold young man was in tears. Since our days are replete with numerous phony professors who are merely only emotionally moved (they can even pluck their eyes out of Christ!) but scarcely saved, I entreated the youth to urgently call upon the Christ for mercy and
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salvation. This he did in a very simple, humble and contrite prayer. I have never heard such a simple but moving prayer. I prayed thereafter. As soon as I said my Amen I opened my eyes looking straight into the young mans eyes searching for any indicators as to whether he had found relief for his soul. His eyes still seemed filled with tears but behind those tears, I could perceive a peace, joy and calm which no man could impart. That must have been Christian joy from the Lord. He most probably had finally closed in with Christ. Avoiding any assumptions, I told him to go and collect his plate because it was lunch time. I knew in my heart that if God had truly saved the lad, he would be safe in His keeping.

Standing in front of my block waiting for him, I noticed him coming joyfully though shy. His attention was momentarily distracted by some worldly girls loitering nearby but he looked away from them though they more readily beckoned to him asking him. They seemed puzzled at why he seemed tender and joyous in such a long time. From my stand point, I happily shouted He is now a new creation! The girls looked at me, giggled, scornfully laughed and went off. I am sure they scoffed.

However, as the youth came closer to me, I felt strangely attached to him. At last I had seen some one get saved under my ministry. I thanked the Lord for that thorough work of grace wrought in his life. That little incident was so sweet but as we were walking towards the dining hall (D.H), I suddenly awoke from my slumber Ah how sad I felt!

So it was only a dream eh!

But nevertheless, it was a holy dream like a water brook in the middle of a desert.
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Now reader, you have read my scanty thoughts in the dream. Has anyone ever got saved in your labours? Put differently, do you labour456 at all? Is Jesus constantly on your lips? Ah! I lament sadly that mine deceitful heart is keener for earthly matters rather than external. How I wish I could be as swift as a bird doing the masters bidding! Remember that it is highly time to awake .our home going is nearer than when we first believed or begun. The day of crowns is at hand and my heavenly account is dangerously below the minimum balance. Oh that I could zealously labour! Oh that I could labour more for and in the lord! Oh for a desire to labour out of love for Christ and not out of a sense of duty or coercion!

Master grant that this to be the desire of every regenerate soul.

Beloved fellow pilgrim let us redeem the time that yet remains in our courts. Let us ensure that we are good and excellent husbands of our time because we will have to give account (Romans14:10). Time is a talent which has to be accounted for by the receipts of spiritual labour and exercise. Thus, let us fight on .A few bottles more, a few struggles more, a few more wrestling in prayer and with souls. Then we shall bid an eternal adieu to the storms of life. The present anxieties are here but for a season, they shall be past for evermore. Only whats done for Christ will last. The resolution of Mr. Jonathan Edwards should spur us on; Resolved: To follow Christ with all my heart & might. No matter how unsuccessful the fight with my corruptions, I will fight on still. Mr. MCheyne also once said it is the thriving Christian that is the useful Christian . I have no doubt that every sin, inconsistency, backsliding and decay of Gods children, takes away something from their external glory. It is a loss for all eternity457 Sadly, many saints are spiritually barren.

456
457

i.e. preaching the gospel in its various forms MCheyne, Sermons of pp 133,134

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Finally let us labour that instead of being question marks for Christ, we be exclamation points! Adieu Adieu, Beloved Amen. ================================================================== 26.

Reflection on new years day


RESOLVED: TO KNOW CHRIST WITH ALL MY HEART RESOLVED ALSO: WHETHER OTHERS WONT I WILL

Jonathan Edwards.

This being the first day in the year nineteen hundred and ninety three AD, I spent much time in
meditating on the law of the lord. A sermon on Philippians 3:12, 13-14 had been preached which affected mine mind O that this effect may end in the heart! The sermon was based on the resolutions of St. Paul as to how that he had clear perspectives of life. He had clear goals and aims in life.

These objectives included the progressive knowledge of Christ in every way possible. What energies he put in the pursuit of this desire! At every point he forgot about the past lest he rested on past glories and previous achievements and then become complacent but rather, each day, he made it his chief aim to follow Christ. This was something of what Charles Wesley desired when he penned down the hymn with the following words: FORTH IN THY NAME, O LORD, I GO, MY DAILY LABOUR TO PURSUE, THEE, ONLY, RESOLVED TO KNOW IN ALL I THINK, OR SPEAK, OR DO.

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THE TASK THY WISDOM HATH ASSIGNED O LET ME CHEERFULLY FULFILL, IN ALL MY WORKS THY PRESENCE FIND, AND PROVE THY GOOD AND PERFECT WILL. O what holy desires had these men had! May divine grace be abundantly mine as I stand at the opening of this year! I have yet 364 days as I venture into the world. Should it please mine master to grant me breathe, I desire to SPEND & BE SPENT FOR CHRIST. Many are the mercies which have been mine but alas, how Ive spurned many of them! I have achieved nothing for the lord before whom I must soon appear. This thought causes me to be fearful because my hands are full of dirt of the most undesirable degree. Small wonder then, that St. Paul would dub himself a wretched man (Rom 7:24). But despite mine failures, the Ancient of Days has remained faithful. O what language shall I borrow to praise Thee Heavenly King? For thou art exalted for above all gods!!

One thing I resolve to do is to forget about the past (v12) and press on towards the mark Heaven. Let this preoccupy mine frail mind so as to attain a better resurrection (v11) and to receive a rich welcome into the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ (2 Peter 1:11) The following are my resolutions which I trust will be attended by Divine strength and favour: Resolutions for 1993 1. To know Christ (i) Experimentally & Theologically / Theoretically (ii) Avoid anything that would cool my zeal for the lord Jesus Christ, not even unethical relationships with any mortals! (iii) Avoid any fear of man but speak the truth as it is in Christ Jesus. 2. To preach Christ at all and anytime, place or circumstance! (i) (ii) (iii) At home In class In the Dingo (College D.H.)
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3. Never leave off anything for tomorrow which can be done today (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) In school work/calling Following up of souls (at least an hour each day) Talk over any outstanding grievances immediately At least visit a saint each week/day

4. To work hard at all time (i) (ii) In school work/calling At home

5. Avoid any unhealthy relationships with the opposite sex (i) (ii) At college At church As far as grace is given me. 6. To be patient in all matters (big or small) and never make rushed decisions Cornwall International college CN YP leadership ZAFES (College fellowship)

7. Honour all promises and be honest in all things. Not to be loud mouthed as has been the case often in the just folded year.

Now, mine soul can only look to you Divine instructor to give me grace and strength for this year. Aid me O Lord to examine my walk to the Glory of your name.

May abundant Grace be my portion this ensuing year.

Amen

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27.

Book review
Five English Reformers Many a Christian has heard about the Reformation from papacy that took place some 4 to 5 hundred years ago under Martin Luther. This Reformation largely gave birth to the Protestant church and the motto was Sola Scriptura. The greatest strength of the Reformation was the scriptures which the papacy did not have or relish. They rather stood on corrupted and relative traditions of men instead of on the solid rock, Christ Jesus. The Reformation thus freed the Church to freely read, interpret and understand the scriptures in their own language rather than having it locked away in the dead Latin language. Though those were deeply dark days, things are far different today. We may say that it is almost the opposite!

Though that be the case, it is none the less instructive to go back and stand at the cross roads. The ancient path to the Reformation era is now overgrown with weeds and grass as this road is rarely used these degenerate days. In the book under review, the author addresses the fight against the powers of darkness which attempted to extinguish the flame of the Reformation through the person of that barbaric Bloody Mary Queen of England then. The Bishop (i.e. JC Ryle) asks a few questions on why men in the past were ready to die and actually died for the faith. Why were they martyred? What were their offences? How did they face death at the stake? Such and many questions I leave for your reading. Charles Ryle informs us of about 288 souls that perished for the truth at the hands of the Roman church tyrants. Yet what was it that kept them going? I suggest that they knew their God (Hebrews 10:32-26; 11:32-38).

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Bishop Ryle sketches 5 biographies of that triumphant army of martyrs and how they bravely faced death. One of them, a former Bishop, Latimer said to a fellow sufferer before death: Be of good comfort master Ridley and play the man. We shall this day light such a candle, by Gods grace in England, as if trust shall never be put out

Indeed this light has never been put out. If and when you find this book, Read it! Be it in a market place a theatre on a plane or minibus, read, read, read! until your nerves almost burst! You will be edified from the old lights. We may further say that this company of saints leaves a lasting impression on the reader that correctly reads and understands what our Reformers went through in their attempt to reform the Church as well as liberate it from the Popish clutches. Definitely, the Banner of Truth Trusts publication of the Five English Reformers is an excellent decision. It is a must have book on every Reformers shelf. ====================================================== 28.

Reflection on ones spiritual birthday


New Creation Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation, the old has gone and the new has come 2 Corinthians 5:17.

It is now eight years since I heard and responded to that effectual divine call. Yet the
above words are as fresh as when they were first uttered in my hearing. A great radical change occasions a turning point of every person from sin to God. This was true of Paul and the Thessalonians. It is a true, internal, eternal, real and felt change. Oh those blissful moments to know that all ones sins are entirely forgiven! Never to ever fear condemnation!! Mr. Wesley wrote well when he said:

No condemnation now I dread


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Jesus and all in him is mine Alive in him my living head And clothed in righteousness divine Bold I approach the eternal throne And claim the crown through Christ my own

These words are classic and deserve to be printed in letters of Gold. The beloved apostle had been advancing the preciousness of our salvation in the context and more or less seems to wrap up what he has said hitherto. He says Therefore to s highlight some point. The choice of the word suggests a summary or conclusion of the forgone statements. Yet this is a very critical therefore because it is pivotal in the apostles discussion. Paul seems to be saying: if the things we have been saying are true about you, then of necessity, the following must be true as well Remove the Therefore and the power of that statement will be drastically reduced and the thrust may possibly shift. Therefore, if anyone This loaded sentence is most logical and well arranged. The If anyone connotes that whoever is subject of discussion at this point is without exception, is in Christ, or a Christian. If they are Born Again then something must have happened at some point in their lives. This implies that if one does not have crisis point or period in their lives over sin, then the above statement cannot be true or apply to them. For the saint however, this is so vivid and true in their experience because at one time, they were once dead in sin and trespasses458. They loved not the things of Christ, this attitudes, aims and motivates in life were not Christo-centic but there came a time, a dilemma, when they were brought face to face with their maker and without delay cried like Paul, Who are you Lord?459 and definitely the Lord answered calling them to be his very own. Dear friend, is this true of you? I recall that evening a little over eight years ago sitting in that meeting hall during the Scripture Union (SU) camp. I remember that day, place and time! Every time I visit there, memories flood my mind. After wresting with sin for the
458 459

Ephesians 2:1-3 Acts 9:5

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first 16 years of my life, I turned from sin to God! It was a miracle indeed! Too good to be true and yet verily true!!

Having come to Christ, I soon realized that everything about me had changed! My tastes of music, films, and friends had costively been altered in a moment! What happened? I had been regenerated. This is in total harmony with the apostles words, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation (or creature), the old has gone and the new has come God had re-created by the potency of his irresistible Holy Spirit! Oh friends, let us worship the Lord for His sweet irresistible call! As I stand at the portal of yet another spiritual year, I look back with much sadness and regret be-remixed with joy and thankfulness. I have known much defeat at the hands of the enemy, much fighting in my own flesh using worldly wisdom and thinking. The things of time have filled my thought460 but amazingly, despite all these sins against the Lord, He has been faithful. He has even poured out many blessings upon me! What graces this is that He would bless such a feeble wretch as I?! The apex of all these blessings has been the obtaining of favour from the Lord. I was given a young damsel straight from the masters hands-her name? Ah! I delight to say it over and over again!-M M, isnt that a cute name? I think so. July 25th was the memorable day. I believe she is the one best fitted for me. Forgetting what lies behind. Prior to this, I scarcely realized that there was sweet honey under my pillow all the time? All others were mirages but sheshe is an oasis! The call keeps echoing that night commeth when no man can labour." This was MCheynes Motto, no wonder he redeemed the time! In 29 short years, he did much, yea, in a ministry of only 7 years!

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This quote is a line in a Hymn (# 694) by Thomas B Pollock (1836-96) , Grace Hymns

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Looking future, the hymn by Daniel W Whittle (1840-1901) best summarizes my current thinking and aspirations: I know not what good or ill may be reserved for me, of weary days of good or ill before his face I see. But I know who I have believed461.

RESOLUTIONS
1. Preach Christ more fervently and frequently everywhere especially at home -Personal evangelism -Corporate Young Peoples Fellowship (YP) 2. Excel in good works to all 3. Complete school and move on to higher studies 4. Know MM more 5. Know the Lord more and more 6. Avoid evil speaking and backbiting 7. Avoid all manner of procrastination and be truthful, keeping all my words, appointments and promises

O Lord, each passing year, I always look to Thee, assist again, I pray, assist!

Now unto Him who sits upon the throne internal be glory and honour.

Amen!

Billy Sichone AD Nineteen hundred and ninety five Lusaka 15:45 hrs UTH ======================================

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Hymn # 573, Grace Hymns

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29. JESUS! THE NAME HIGH OVER ALL, IN HELL, OR EARTH, OR SKY, ANGELS AND MEN BEFORE ITS FALL, AND DEVILS FEAR AND FLY

Oh what a blessed thought is here expressed! Indeed, Jesus is the name high overall, the name
above every name and no other name under Heaven has been given by which we must be saved (Acts 4:12). This name, dear friend is all. At the end of time, every one shall bow and confess that Jesus is Lord Hallelujah! Oh that to the end of our days this name might remain the sweetest name. The hymn writer could not stop here but his soul wells up in praise to God (Psalm 45:1). As he meditates on this Jesus he says in part:

JESUS! THE NAME TO SINNERS DEAR, THE NAME TO SINNERS GIVEN; IT SCATTERS ALL THEIR GUILTY FEAR IT TURNS THEIR HELL TO HEAVEN.

Beloved friends, do you sing with Charles Wesley that this name is dear unto thy soul? Is it a sweet perfume in your nostrils whenever you hear or think about this name? Does this cause your heart to well up in praise? Ah dear friends!! This name scatters all our guilty fear and causes our soul to be found in Him on the last day. What a blessed eternal line is here expressed! Charles Wesley got saved on Pentecostal Sunday in 1738. This man is said to have written over 6, 500 hymns to the praise of God. Gods effectual call was so dramatic that he wished that all people in the world could come to this fountain filled with flood. How his heart busted with joy! He further says:

O THAT THE WORLD MIGHT TASTE AND SEE, THE RICHES OF HIS GRACE;
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THE ARMS OF LOVE THAT CAMPASS ME WOULD ALL MANKIND EMBRACE

If the world would just taste a tip of the riches of Christs grace, no doubt they would throw away everything for Christ. They would desire forever to lie here near the bosom of this great saviour, even Jesus Christ! How slack you and I are in the faith (Hebrews 10:31)! How above all things that Christ were the object of our first desire! Where is the blessedness we once enjoyed when we first met the Lord? How sweet their memory still!462 Do not throw away this

confidence (Hebrews 10:35), for it will surely be rewarded on that great day. Would you receive a rich welcome when you enter the heavenly kingdom? (2 Peter 1:11), then seek first the kingdom of God-hold to your faith all the necessary elements. Call to remembrance, your brother, sister, relatives and friends who are yet strangers to this name. Persuade them to taste this name, for it will be for their eternal good. Lastly, Wesley sums up his chief desire as he was to enter the grave. Happily, this was true of the man as his earthly tent was dissolved in 1788. Would we desire a high and honoured departure? Let these words be true of us: HAPPY, IF WITH MY LATEST BREATHE, I MIGHT BUT GASP HIS NAME; PREACH HIM TO ALL, AND IN DEATH; BEHOLD, BEHOLD THE LAMB! Thus lived and died this great hymn writer of the 18th century revival. He states his death wish that his last breathe might be spent in gasping that name! When this poor lisping, stammering tongue, his silent in the grave, will it be said of you, dear friend, that you preached Christ to your last day? Oh for such a heart to desire to be spend and be spent for Christ!

It was Augustines wish, that Christ, at His coming, might find him either praying or preaching. Is it true of you and me? When we stand in glory, we will see His face and what crowns shall we posses? Let us redeem the time beloved (Ephesians 5:15). The time is short.
Some of these lines and thoughts come from William Cowpers hymns. This particular line if from Hymn # 650, Grace Hymn, Oh for a Closer walk with God
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Soon we shall launch to worlds unknown, but what then shall our boast be? Let this wish be ours at the time of our death too.

I shall go to my father tonight. My work is done I have nothing to do but go to my father (Lady Huntingdon, 1707-1791)

Hallelujah!

Unworthy and unprofitable worm Billy Chilongo LUSAKA

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Index
1 1 John ......................................................................17 1Corinthians .................................................... 14, 425 2 2 Corinthians .... 14, 23, 145, 157, 162, 175, 177, 190, 221, 224, 231, 237, 245, 247, 248, 372, 374, 401, 407, 424, 430, 450 A Abraham .............. 25, 38, 48, 115, 175, 176, 195, 436 Acts .. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 19, 25, 28, 31, 35, 37, 45, 46, 55, 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 77, 86, 93, 102, 116, 154, 168, 172, 173, 175, 192, 207, 219, 224, 237, 239, 250, 251, 252, 256, 270, 271, 285, 299, 342, 344, 351, 352, 359, 370, 375, 376, 384, 391, 403, 406, 407, 416, 421, 436, 437, 438, 439, 441, 444, 452, 454 ACU.......................................................................357 Adam ...... 26, 27, 28, 53, 76, 103, 110, 111, 112, 115, 170, 204, 221, 227, 228, 233, 241, 262, 263, 264, 272, 369, 440 Adamic .................................................. 24, 63, 72, 89 Adoption .................................... 18, 43, 285, 290, 345 Adventist University ..............................................357 Africa ...... 36, 118, 158, 190, 193, 196, 262, 275, 298, 351, 353, 359, 400 AIDS ...................................................... 354, 372, 413 Akempis Thomas ............................................. 35, 273 Albert Martin ............................................... 181, 182 Albigines................................................................122 Alfred Guevara Nyirenda ...................................210 American 56, 102, 106, 143, 149, 161, 163, 169, 188, 207, 331 Anabaptists ................................... 114, 127, 131, 300 Andrew Stenhouse ....................... 180, 214, 266, 270 Anglican 135, 145, 148, 162, 165, 166, 196, 289, 290, 306, 313 Anglican Church ....................................................145 Anthropology ............................... 108, 110, 224, 260 Antinomianism .....................................................268 antinomians.......................................... 47, 52, 82, 350 apocalyptical ..........................................................282 apostle ....10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 29, 37, 39, 54, 66, 70, 71, 77, 78, 81, 95, 113, 116, 128, 140, 177, 192, 212, 228, 243, 246, 248, 249, 250, 251, 257, 261, 269, 270, 286, 297, 311, 325, 342, 346, 349, 351, 360, 384, 385, 393, 396, 398, 399, 401, 402, 403, 414, 417, 425, 427, 431, 435, 437, 441, 451 Apostolic Fathers ................................................. 117 Archibald Alexander................................ 35, 153, 274 Aristotle .................................................................122 Arminianism . 114, 206, 207, 264, 265, 278, 344, 361, 404 Arnold Dallimore ...................................................146 Asahel Nettleton ....................................................180 assurance.............................. 17, 74, 98, 101, 212, 372 astrology ....................................................... 330, 354 Athanasius ............................ 118, 248, 272, 282, 375 Atheism..................................................................334 atonement ..... 3, 13, 16, 17, 20, 22, 36, 104, 185, 235, 238, 262, 264, 278, 287, 290, 296, 305, 321, 402 attitude ...... 26, 40, 60, 71, 77, 87, 132, 265, 350, 364, 371, 372, 373, 392, 421

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Augustine .. 18, 70, 111, 113, 118, 119, 126, 207, 224, 228, 235, 262, 280, 456 Augustus Montague Toplady......................... 149, 388 authority 23, 42, 52, 83, 109, 121, 124, 126, 134, 165, 168, 199, 215, 293, 296, 297, 300, 303, 307, 310, 311, 314, 321, 322, 328, 333, 339, 355, 379, 414, 424, 431 B Baal ................................................................ 215, 390 Bahai ....................................................................332 Bangor ...................................................................214 Baptist ... 4, 20, 57, 115, 129, 147, 160, 169, 182, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 198, 210, 215, 224, 230, 231, 280, 283, 293, 303, 357, 361, 381, 407, 412, 419 Barcellos C Richard ......................................... 55, 274 Barnabas ..................................................................37 Baxter, Richard ........................................................35 Beatitudes ................................................ 96, 139, 280 Belcher P Richard .................................................. 274 Belgic..................................................... 233, 263, 280 Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield .......................167 Bennet Richard .............................................. 105, 274 Best .......................................................... 55, 204, 274 Bible .. 9, 10, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 35, 36, 41, 45, 50, 51, 53, 56, 59, 63, 65, 71, 72, 78, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 92, 95, 96, 98, 100, 105, 108, 109, 116, 121, 123, 124, 126, 128, 130, 131, 133, 139, 141, 153, 154, 158, 165, 166, 181, 182, 183, 194, 195, 196, 199, 208, 215, 217, 220, 221, 222, 223, 229, 230, 236, 246, 251, 255, 264, 266, 267, 269, 270, 272, 273, 274, 277, 278, 285, 287, 293, 295, 298, 303, 307, 310, 311, 314, 315, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 330, 332, 333, 336, 337, 340, 343, 344, 345, 347, 351, 355, 358, 361, 372, 373, 387, 399, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 414, 417, 418, 419, 439, 440 Biblical ..10, 11, 12, 21, 83, 84, 93, 98, 108, 122, 126, 127, 128, 134, 158, 165, 166, 177, 180, 182, 183, 187, 195, 196, 209, 215, 221, 222, 235, 239, 256, 262, 268, 269, 273, 276, 277, 281, 290, 294, 297, 300, 303, 306, 310, 311, 313, 318, 322, 343, 344,

347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 360, 393, 398, 406, 407, 410, 431, 439 Bishop ... 100, 118, 120, 133, 135, 147, 162, 193, 262, 313, 350, 389, 450 Blanchard ...............................................................274 Bolton Samuel ................................................... 35, 56 born again 14, 23, 28, 69, 77, 144, 146, 153, 154, 160, 162, 167, 170, 174, 181, 184, 186, 195, 200, 201, 202, 204, 207, 208, 211, 212, 213, 215, 217, 220, 221, 222, 224, 231, 235, 241, 242, 250, 251, 255, 257, 258, 266, 268, 282, 285, 287, 288, 314, 368, 371, 373, 418 Born Again .... 22, 27, 36, 38, 56, 61, 62, 92, 93, 242, 278, 363, 364, 365, 368, 418, 436, 451 born anew .......................................................... 27, 43 Boston Thomas .......................................... 35, 56, 275 Boyce ................................. 34, 35, 112, 171, 172, 173 Bradford ...............................................................135 Brooks Thomas ........................................ 35, 106, 275 Brown David ..................................................... 19, 35 Buddhism ....................................................... 320, 325 Bunyan43, 56, 92, 106, 138, 139, 225, 274, 276, 279, 359, 360, 433, 436 C Calvin ..... 30, 114, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 133, 176, 179, 183, 188, 198, 199, 207, 224, 235, 288, 399 Calvinistic67, 127, 130, 135, 141, 147, 148, 154, 161, 168, 169, 176, 178, 179, 182, 188, 189, 192, 204, 205, 207, 214, 216, 224, 235, 264, 294, 303, 304, 310, 350, 389 Catholic.... 30, 119, 124, 133, 307, 310, 311, 318, 357 Celestial city ............................................................19 ceremonial law............................................. 17, 45, 46 cessation ..................................................................40 Charismatic ... 95, 127, 282, 283, 297, 298, 299, 300, 303, 307, 353, 387, 414, 419 Charles Darwin ...................... 158, 163, 166, 180, 337 Charles Grandison Finney ..................................161 Charles Wesley ... 27, 58, 71, 144, 146, 148, 150, 158, 213, 245, 304, 447, 454 Chicago Declaration ............................................233 China ..................................................... 158, 186, 332

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Cholwe Mweetwa ......................................................4 Choolwe Mweetwa ...............................................191 Christ10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 81, 84, 89, 91, 92,94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124, 127, 130, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 143, 144, 145, 147, 150, 151, 152, 154, 158, 159, 161, 162, 164, 165, 168, 171, 173, 176, 181, 182, 184, 185, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 209, 212, 213, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 228, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 252, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 261, 264, 265, 267, 268, 272, 273, 274, 278, 282, 283, 286, 287, 288, 289, 291, 292, 293, 296, 303, 305, 307, 309, 311, 314, 315, 317, 318, 324, 328, 342, 346, 348, 349, 354, 356, 357, 360, 361, 362, 365, 368, 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 379, 382, 383, 384, 386, 388, 389, 390, 391, 393, 396, 397, 400, 401, 402, 403, 406, 407, 409, 414, 415, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 424, 426, 427, 428, 429, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 439, 440, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 455, 456 Christian 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 37, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 81, 82, 85, 87, 88, 90, 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 117, 118, 119, 122, 124, 126, 128, 129, 131, 137, 138, 141, 142, 147, 150, 151, 162, 166, 167, 169, 174, 175, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 189, 192, 193, 196, 199, 201, 202, 203, 208, 209, 212, 214, 215, 222, 226, 228, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236, 237, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248, 251, 252, 259, 261, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 283, 284, 285, 289, 296, 314, 321, 325, 328, 339, 340, 342, 346, 348, 349, 350, 352, 353, 354, 356, 357, 358, 359, 361, 364, 365,

368, 369, 371, 372, 376, 381, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 399, 400, 405, 409, 410, 411, 413, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 423, 426, 427, 429, 431, 436, 437, 441, 442, 444, 446, 449, 451 Christianity 10, 55, 78, 82, 83, 96, 105, 119, 131, 158, 159, 177, 178, 180, 184, 196, 212, 215, 247, 262, 271, 276, 278, 324, 328, 340, 343, 344, 347, 348, 351, 352, 353, 354, 358, 362, 373, 375, 413, 417, 418, 422, 431, 437 Church ...11, 17, 19, 26, 30, 45, 48, 57, 62, 65, 67, 74, 75, 97, 98, 99, 106, 108, 111, 117, 118, 119, 122, 124, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 136, 141, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 161, 162, 165, 168, 176, 179, 180, 182, 183, 186, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 197, 198, 199, 214, 215, 218, 219, 227, 236, 237, 238, 265, 270, 276, 277, 278, 279, 282, 283, 289, 293, 295, 296, 298, 303, 305, 306, 307, 309, 310, 311, 313, 315, 317, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 339, 340, 342, 343, 344, 345, 348, 350, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 361, 363, 374, 375, 376, 381, 382, 384, 386, 387, 402, 403, 404, 407, 408, 410, 411, 413, 417, 418, 420, 424, 428, 430, 438, 449, 450 circumcision ..... 11, 13, 17, 21, 22, 25, 37, 47, 54, 97, 145, 253, 265, 270, 272 Clement Kaunda ...................................... 4, 217, 267 CMML ........................................................... 213, 297 Colossians ..... 13, 15, 69, 72, 190, 205, 216, 256, 349, 402, 403, 410, 418, 423, 427 commandments ............................ 17, 47, 56, 139, 378 confession ... 33, 93, 97, 133, 142, 164, 175, 191, 194, 207, 212, 225, 226, 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 263, 269, 300, 322, 352, 357, 392, 406 Confucianism .........................................................332 Conrad Mbewe .................. 4, 129, 147, 161, 190, 224 conversion....18, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, 38, 41, 49, 55, 60, 63, 64, 71, 72, 73, 78, 90, 92, 102, 104, 113, 114, 116, 118, 129, 132, 133, 137, 140, 144, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 159, 164, 170, 173, 175, 184, 185, 189, 192, 195, 201, 202, 204, 208, 217, 220, 224, 229, 239, 240, 241, 249, 252, 255, 267,

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270, 273, 276, 284, 285, 286, 288, 291, 303, 320, 321, 334, 359, 371, 418, 419, 437, 439, 440 conviction ..12, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 40, 42, 53, 59, 103, 113, 130, 139, 146, 150, 152, 171, 173, 189, 208, 243, 252, 255, 368, 369, 374, 379, 411, 427 Coptic Orthodox ....................................................322 Cornelius Van Til................................. 179, 180, 194 corruption . 27, 91, 111, 115, 196, 221, 228, 233, 234, 245, 248, 249, 263, 328 council ....................................... 11, 46, 235, 241, 285 create ...... 18, 158, 160, 186, 247, 292, 349, 351, 354, 401, 411 creatures .. 15, 122, 125, 155, 182, 192, 211, 229, 240, 247, 402 Cults............................................................... 314, 345 D Dagg ......................................................................169 Dainty E James ............................................... 127, 275 Dark Age ....................................................... 113, 119 David .. 19, 46, 84, 106, 115, 158, 212, 223, 275, 281, 315, 343, 344, 359, 373, 376, 399, 418, 419 Davies Eryl .............................................. 56, 275, 343 Decalogue .................. 45, 50, 51, 53, 55, 60, 274, 288 decree................................................. 18, 48, 311, 401 deification ...................................... 118, 248, 272, 348 Deism............................................................. 145, 342 denominations..... 47, 54, 82, 196, 282, 295, 296, 297, 299, 306, 307, 309, 311, 328, 339, 340, 353, 419 Deuteronomy ................. 46, 47, 49, 85, 208, 256, 398 devil ...... 15, 17, 29, 42, 104, 201, 227, 372, 376, 419, 423, 429, 430 Dissenters ..............................................................147 DL Moody .............................................................158 DNA ................................................................ 60, 191 Docetism .................................................... 16, 24, 117 doctrine 5, 9, 10, 13, 18, 22, 28, 30, 34, 41, 53, 57, 66, 100, 108, 109, 112, 113, 114, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 126, 127, 132, 137, 139, 144, 146, 148, 155, 159, 160, 163, 165, 167, 174, 176, 178, 191, 197, 198, 204, 214, 215, 217, 219, 220, 222, 239, 248, 255, 260, 261, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 273, 274, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 289, 290, 292, 293,

294, 296, 303, 305, 306, 307, 309, 311, 315, 321, 324, 343, 345, 346, 348, 356, 357, 360, 364, 376, 379, 388, 389, 427, 431, 436 Doddridge .................................................. 19, 35, 152 doom ................................................................ 19, 156 Dordt College ........................ 176, 277, 278, 328, 357 Dr Johnson Phillip .....................................................4 E Eckanker ........................................................ 318, 348 Ecumenical movements .........................................339 Edwards Jonathan ....................................................35 Effectual calling ........................... 112, 164, 226, 273 email ...................................................... 264, 356, 358 England . 119, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 159, 162, 166, 183, 187, 197, 198, 232, 261, 265, 277, 294, 304, 313, 344, 353, 359, 404, 450 Ephesians .....13, 14, 17, 19, 26, 27, 28, 29, 39, 44, 64, 67, 70, 73, 74, 104, 153, 177, 181, 190, 205, 207, 216, 219, 222, 225, 231, 240, 241, 256, 273, 276, 286, 290, 374, 388, 393, 401, 407, 410, 414, 415, 417, 419, 427, 434, 452, 456 Epicureanism .........................................................342 Ernest Reisinger ........................................... 187, 189 error .. 12, 13, 18, 25, 51, 53, 119, 179, 215, 234, 256, 263, 264, 265, 267, 269, 285, 287, 348, 349, 351, 352, 356 eternal life . 15, 33, 42, 52, 55, 59, 173, 194, 213, 223, 239, 242, 243, 254, 260, 288, 401, 438 eternal security.........................................................17 evangel ..................................................... 45, 112, 121 Evangelical ... 20, 36, 56, 59, 105, 106, 113, 114, 145, 162, 163, 188, 193, 236, 237, 274, 275, 276, 279, 280, 283, 290, 295, 298, 299, 306, 307, 316, 320, 321, 330, 342, 343, 344, 345, 350, 353, 356, 357, 377, 381, 389, 404, 406, 413, 421, 440 evolution .................. 83, 158, 163, 166, 318, 336, 337 Evolution ....................................................... 159, 337 ex nihilo ...................................................................23 Expiation..................................................................18

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F Faith 19, 36, 44, 55, 57, 144, 160, 164, 167, 170, 184, 185, 206, 208, 209, 230, 231, 274, 275, 277, 278, 280, 296, 298, 309, 342, 343, 361, 378, 407, 419 family of God .............. 18, 38, 43, 201, 204, 207, 222 farm .......................................................................367 Father .......16, 17, 18, 34, 36, 64, 69, 70, 88, 103, 115, 116, 117, 118, 123, 126, 131, 144, 161, 165, 168, 185, 190, 193, 195, 204, 209, 220, 226, 232, 233, 236, 238, 248, 254, 267, 275, 279, 280, 321, 402, 430 Fawcett ....................................................................61 fellowship ..... 26, 32, 62, 72, 185, 198, 201, 202, 210, 222, 236, 237, 253, 298, 368, 373, 381, 394, 401, 441, 449 Ferrel Griswold .............................................. 214, 275 Flavel ............................................. 102, 143, 275, 404 Flesh ................................................................ 29, 418 forensic ...................................................... 18, 31, 306 forerunners ..................................................... 121, 128 Free Grace Broadcaster ............... 35, 36, 56, 276, 361 G Galatia ................................................... 11, 21, 45, 48 Galatians ..9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 22, 25, 29, 37, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 66, 70, 75, 76, 89, 102, 145, 177, 216, 271, 373, 399, 414, 428, 434 Genesis ..... 23, 25, 37, 39, 45, 53, 108, 109, 110, 115, 240, 268, 323, 372, 388, 392, 422, 425, 434 gentile .................................................. 12, 47, 48, 252 Gentile ....................................................... 11, 44, 207 Geoffrey Thomas ................................................. 188 George Whitefield .. 83, 107, 144, 146, 147, 148, 150, 160, 213, 215, 273, 275, 279, 281, 304, 381, 389, 399 Germany 100, 124, 128, 131, 132, 133, 158, 179, 180, 307, 353 Girolamo Savonarola ............................ 126, 127, 275 glorification ............................................. 13, 185, 209 Gnosticism ............... 24, 117, 287, 289, 318, 330, 342 God 1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,

51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 292, 293, 296, 299, 300, 315, 316, 318, 321, 322, 323, 324, 328, 332, 334, 335, 336, 337, 339, 340, 343, 345, 346, 347, 348, 351, 352, 353, 354, 357, 358, 359, 360, 364, 367, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 381, 383, 386, 388, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 417, 418, 419, 421, 424, 426, 427, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 443, 444, 446, 450, 451, 452, 454, 455 Gordon C Olson ...................................................206 great ejection ......................... 136, 145, 150, 306, 313 Gresham Machen .......................................... 116, 180 Gurnall William ............................................. 106, 276 H Hare Krishna ..........................................................342 heart . 15, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 39, 43, 44, 45, 47, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 71, 73, 75, 78, 79, 82, 83, 90, 91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 102, 104, 105, 110, 125, 129, 132, 139, 140, 143, 151, 153, 154, 160, 162, 168, 169, 172, 173, 182, 186, 188, 191, 194, 195, 201, 205, 208,

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213, 214, 215, 217, 222, 224, 226, 230, 231, 232, 233, 240, 241, 243, 244, 251, 253, 255, 256, 259, 261, 267, 272, 276, 318, 334, 343, 347, 358, 363, 366, 368, 369, 372, 373, 385, 386, 387, 389, 394, 396, 397, 398, 400, 402, 403, 406, 407, 411, 418, 419, 421, 422, 423, 424, 427, 428, 429, 431, 432, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 454, 455, 456 Heaven ...12, 13, 18, 19, 25, 30, 41, 64, 66, 68, 70, 77, 92, 100, 108, 117, 129, 138, 143, 149, 150, 153, 184, 242, 243, 245, 248, 264, 271, 279, 316, 368, 371, 391, 398, 401, 402, 420, 421, 429, 438, 448, 454 Hebrews .......13, 15, 17, 29, 44, 51, 60, 62, 63, 64, 96, 144, 255, 257, 370, 371, 403, 416, 419, 425, 434, 450, 455 hedonism............................................................ 27, 47 Hedonism ................................................... 73, 85, 342 Heidelberg shorter catechism .............................230 Hell .16, 18, 19, 28, 35, 47, 56, 66, 102, 103, 149, 184, 197, 321, 324, 351, 354, 402, 407, 424, 438 Helm .............................................................. 188, 276 Helvetic Confession of Switzerland ....................227 Henry .................... 144, 149, 154, 158, 214, 279, 331 Henry Scougal ......................................................144 Herbert J Pollitt......................................................352 heresies ... 24, 116, 117, 145, 235, 261, 273, 352, 357, 417 heresy. 12, 53, 134, 135, 215, 235, 262, 267, 352, 416 heretical . 119, 127, 262, 287, 289, 299, 315, 347, 355 Herman Bavinck .................................................. 175 Hermits ..................................................................121 High Priest ...............................................................17 Hinduism ....................................................... 320, 333 HIV ................................................ 354, 412, 413, 418 Hodge 30, 36, 158, 163, 164, 166, 171, 172, 174, 205, 239, 361 holiness ..17, 34, 40, 43, 46, 50, 60, 68, 111, 117, 119, 120, 147, 148, 151, 154, 160, 167, 169, 172, 177, 218, 220, 235, 246, 258, 262, 305, 370, 371, 372, 373, 410, 418, 422, 425 holy .. 12, 15, 18, 27, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 50, 53, 62, 67, 69, 75, 76, 78, 87, 103, 104, 111, 120, 124, 125, 136, 146, 150, 151, 152, 153, 161, 164, 169, 175,

195, 222, 246, 248, 256, 258, 262, 269, 287, 300, 307, 313, 317, 328, 371, 372, 373, 376, 396, 418, 419, 423, 445, 447 Holy Ghost.. 14, 17, 43, 123, 146, 156, 164, 168, 170, 173, 229, 280, 424, 433 Hooper ..................................................................135 Horeb .......................................................................45 Howell Harris ........................ 105, 148, 158, 274, 304 Hudson Taylor .......................................................158 Hugh Latimer............................................... 134, 135 Huguenots .............................................................127 Humanism...................................................... 265, 335 humanist .......................................... 81, 130, 265, 335 humanistic..... 50, 80, 82, 84, 151, 259, 272, 273, 289, 300, 335, 336, 340, 346, 347, 348, 351, 352, 357, 360 Huss.......................................................................124 Hyper Calvinists ....................................................260 I I Thessalonians 15, 40, 64, 67, 74, 105, 115, 257, 352, 400, 414 Imakando..............................................................193 immorality ......................... 27, 59, 145, 255, 384, 419 imputed righteousness ............................... 41, 70, 289 India ....... 158, 164, 325, 331, 333, 359, 375, 400, 404 infants ............ 114, 174, 226, 232, 233, 263, 265, 270 Intervarsity Fellowship Doctrinal statement .....235 Ira D Sankey ........................................................162 Isaac Makashinyi ............................................. 4, 215 Isaac Watts ........................................... 144, 149, 152 Isaiah . 34, 44, 116, 371, 391, 392, 402, 406, 433, 444 Islam .............. 120, 277, 321, 328, 330, 340, 342, 345 Israel . 12, 23, 24, 25, 30, 38, 103, 115, 155, 200, 225, 243, 245, 246, 253, 287, 289, 340, 373, 434 J Jacobus Arminius .................................. 234, 264, 357 Jainism ...................................................................342 James Buchanan ............................................ 41, 178 James Montgomery Boice ...................................208 JC Ryle ... 12, 110, 146, 158, 163, 197, 257, 306, 391, 450 Jehovah .................................... 38, 149, 289, 315, 353

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Jeremiah Burroughs .................................... 140, 225 Jerusalem .... 11, 16, 37, 104, 120, 225, 231, 253, 285, 426, 436 Jesus. 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 40, 42, 44, 45, 48, 58, 61, 63, 65, 69, 71, 72, 75, 76, 77, 89, 106, 110, 112, 115, 116, 118, 120, 124, 125, 127, 130, 141, 143, 144, 145, 154, 160, 169, 181, 186, 190, 191, 192, 194, 200, 201, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 209, 217, 218, 219, 222, 226, 228, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 241, 242, 243, 245, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252, 254, 255, 258, 261, 265, 268, 269, 270, 271, 285, 286, 287, 289, 296, 303, 307, 314, 317, 322, 323, 340, 346, 348, 349, 350, 352, 356, 362, 369, 371, 386, 388, 390, 393, 396, 399, 402, 405, 407, 409, 411, 415, 419, 420, 421, 423, 426, 431, 434, 438, 445, 448, 449, 451, 454, 455 Jewish 37, 44, 46, 47, 48, 96, 117, 241, 252, 253, 255, 265, 286, 416, 417 JN Darby................................................................158 Joe Simfukwe .......................................................192 John . 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 20, 22, 24, 28, 29, 34, 36, 43, 44, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 72, 73, 80, 85, 86, 87, 90, 92, 96, 102, 106, 107, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 123, 124, 127, 128, 129, 133, 135, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 153,158, 162, 165, 166, 169, 172, 173, 174, 176, 181, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 205, 207, 208, 209, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 228, 229, 230, 238, 241, 243, 245, 246, 247, 249, 251, 254, 258, 259, 260, 264, 267, 270, 271, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 281, 284, 287, 288, 290, 293, 294, 297, 304, 305, 306, 330, 345, 349, 350, 355, 360, 361, 365, 371, 374, 377, 388, 389, 391, 399, 403, 404, 411, 412, 417, 419, 424, 425, 431, 433, 436 John Newton ...................................... 12, 13, 149, 158 John Wesley................................... 146, 158, 264, 304 Joseph ... 32, 35, 59, 92, 105, 115, 140, 193, 227, 399, 404, 419, 434, 435, 440 Judaisers ...................................................... 11, 37, 48 Judaism .................................... 11, 271, 340, 344, 378 Julian .....................................................................262

Justification..16, 18, 29, 30, 33, 36, 41, 42, 44, 56, 66, 70, 112, 114, 124, 127, 131, 159, 178, 185, 197, 199, 243, 250, 273, 276, 278, 281, 282, 285, 288, 289, 290, 293, 294, 295, 296, 303, 304, 306, 307, 309, 320, 321, 342, 345, 346, 357, 360, 361, 393 JUSTIFICTION BY FAITH ..................................368 K Kabwe Kabwe .......................................... 4, 195, 277 Karl Barth ............................................................178 Keating Karl ..........................................................277 Knox ...................................................... 133, 277, 294 Kunda Kalifungwa ..............................................198 Kuyper .......................................................... 175, 176 L law1, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 23, 27, 29, 30, 37, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 59, 60, 70, 72, 82, 83, 84, 86, 90, 91, 103, 116, 128, 130, 131, 132, 156, 170, 200, 222, 226, 228, 233, 237, 239, 241, 242, 244, 245, 257, 267, 268, 271, 284, 287, 288, 316, 350, 365, 385, 396, 414, 446 Lazarus .......................................... 203, 206, 217, 260 Legalists .................................................................288 Leiden ............................................ 175, 176, 234, 264 Leviticus ..................................................................46 licentious............................................................ 17, 47 Livingstone ............................ 158, 359, 381, 382, 400 Loane L Marcus .....................................................277 Lollards ..................................................................123 Lord . 12, 13, 15, 17, 27, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 42, 44, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 79, 81, 82, 88, 89, 92, 94, 99, 101, 103, 104, 115, 117, 118, 122, 126, 130, 135, 137, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 153, 155, 160, 166, 167, 168, 173, 177, 183, 184, 186, 190, 191, 198, 200, 202, 207, 212, 213, 214, 218, 228, 229, 230, 233, 234, 236, 237, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 249, 251, 252, 253, 255, 257, 260, 261, 268, 270, 280, 287, 289, 292, 296, 303, 307, 314, 354, 370, 371, 372, 374, 381, 391, 392, 400, 402, 406, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419,

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421, 423, 427, 428, 432, 433, 434, 436, 438, 440, 444, 445, 448, 449, 452, 453, 454, 455 Lorraine Boettner ........................................ 205, 258 loss of Salvation ......................................................17 Louis Bekhorf.......................................................174 Lusaka Baptist 99, 192, 193, 194, 198, 210, 230, 277, 278, 279, 344, 381 Lutheran ................................................. 132, 295, 309 M MCheyne ..............................................................143 Mark .................. 16, 17, 193, 300, 371, 404, 424, 438 Martin Luther.. 41, 124, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 198, 199, 307, 309, 311, 391, 449 Martyn D Lloyd-Jones ........................................181 Matthew .14, 16, 17, 39, 49, 66, 69, 71, 76, 81, 91, 93, 96, 112, 117, 148, 154, 158, 195, 207, 224, 225, 237, 245, 255, 269, 270, 374, 391, 407, 429 McArthur .............................................................189 Messianic Kingdom ...............................................208 Methodism ............................................. 146, 149, 162 Methodist ............................................... 304, 305, 309 Metropolitan Tabernacle 53, 105, 183, 280, 300, 340, 344, 353, 356 Michael Bwembya........................................ 194, 267 Michael Haykin ....................................................197 Missionary ..................... 158, 194, 195, 204, 320, 359 monasticism ...........................................................121 Monergistic ...................................................... 33, 208 Monks ............................................................ 121, 287 Moonies ................................................. 111, 323, 349 moral .. 4, 14, 15, 17, 19, 27, 37, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 60, 110, 114, 127, 132, 154, 161, 164, 170, 177, 182, 194, 205, 218, 220, 221, 238, 256, 261, 266, 267, 268, 334, 371, 379, 411, 420, 423 Morey ........................................................ 20, 36, 278 Mormonism ...........................................................317 Moses........................................... 38, 46, 54, 254, 378 motivational speakers .................................... 349, 354 mountain ................................................................368 Murray .. 20, 36, 44, 56, 106, 143, 144, 150, 185, 187, 195, 278, 383, 443 Mutima ..................................................................318

mysticism .............................. 289, 318, 330, 354, 355 N N R Needham .......................................................219 naturalism ..............................................................347 New Age Movement ..............................................330 New Apostolic .......................................................325 New birth ........................................ 22, 222, 269, 340 New Creation ......................... 21, 22, 37, 58, 346, 450 New Testament 38, 44, 48, 83, 96, 114, 115, 167, 189, 192, 201, 202, 216, 217, 219, 224, 235, 246, 269, 275, 399, 409 Nicholas Ridley .................................... 133, 134, 135 Nicodemus 22, 29, 108, 116, 150, 153, 154, 186, 200, 207, 208, 209, 211, 215, 218, 241, 242, 255, 267, 287 Nigel Lacey ...........................................................198 non-Christians........................................................268 non-conformist ...................................... 138, 140, 142 O obedience .14, 17, 18, 40, 45, 47, 54, 59, 60, 103, 110, 164, 165, 170, 231, 237, 245, 250, 252, 260, 266, 271, 287, 288, 316, 402 Octavius Winslow ........................................ 106, 159 OLD MAN...............................................................15 Old Testament .. 11, 38, 44, 48, 54, 84, 114, 115, 201, 246, 255, 256, 267, 275, 314, 340 ordo salutis ..... 30, 185, 199, 205, 208, 209, 219, 273 Origin of species ............................................ 158, 166 Owen ............. 138, 141, 142, 191, 199, 225, 264, 278 Oxfordshire ............................................................138 P Packer J I ......................................................... 56, 278 Paganism ..............................................................354 Pantheism ..............................................................342 Paul .... 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 29, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46, 48, 49, 52, 55, 59, 61, 68, 70, 71, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 95, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 110, 116, 119, 128, 140, 170, 173, 188, 190, 192, 194, 201, 202, 203, 204, 207, 212, 214, 227, 228,229, 230, 231, 241, 247, 249, 251, 254, 257, 261, 269, 270, 271, 276, 277, 281, 285, 286,

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289, 290, 297, 342, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 351, 352, 355, 359, 369, 372, 375, 376, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 393, 396, 397, 398, 399, 402, 410, 414, 416, 417, 425, 426, 427, 429, 430, 431, 436, 437, 441, 442, 447, 451, 452 peace ....18, 31, 32, 34, 43, 54, 58, 70, 76, 87, 99, 103, 120, 131, 132, 139, 151, 157, 182, 203, 288, 320, 323, 339, 367, 368, 369, 378, 391, 398, 403, 444 Pelagianism... 113, 119, 208, 224, 234, 238, 262, 263, 264, 379 Pelagius.................................................. 113, 262, 263 Pentecostal Assemblies.......................... 299, 300, 381 Peter Lewis ................................................... 137, 191 Peter Masters ............................... 183, 300, 350, 356 Pharisaic ............................................................ 10, 23 Pharisees ............................................ 23, 49, 241, 256 Philadelphia Baptist Confession .........................231 Philip Bliss.............................................................180 Philip Melanchthon .............................................132 pilgrimage ........................ 43, 101, 139, 242, 427, 431 Pilgrims Progress....................................................43 Pink ............ 20, 41, 183, 187, 262, 274, 278, 279, 405 Piper ........................................................ 85, 188, 293 Pneumatological ....................................................282 post modern ...... 9, 10, 43, 49, 79, 80, 83, 88, 96, 273, 330, 342, 348, 352, 357, 358 power .....11, 14, 15, 18, 22, 26, 31, 39, 40, 42, 44, 55, 58, 72, 74, 76, 89, 95, 96, 100, 101, 103, 104, 110, 113, 119, 120, 122, 129, 134, 137, 140, 143, 144, 151, 153, 155, 159, 160, 168, 169, 171, 173, 177, 180, 182, 184, 186, 189, 191, 194, 196, 201, 202, 203,204, 205, 212, 217, 219, 226, 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 236, 239, 241, 243, 245, 248, 250, 254, 255, 257, 258, 260, 266, 269, 271, 278, 284, 311, 343, 345, 347, 348, 350, 355, 357, 361, 368, 376, 381, 386, 390, 392, 399, 401, 402, 403, 404, 411, 414, 415, 417, 418, 419, 421, 427, 435, 437, 438, 451 preaching .... 13, 23, 52, 83, 85, 93, 95, 108, 112, 116, 121, 123, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 148, 149, 153, 161, 162, 171, 178, 180, 181, 182, 186, 189, 191, 193, 198, 215, 230, 251, 252, 260, 261,

285, 291, 292, 345, 346, 349, 351, 368, 377, 382, 389, 399, 412, 445, 456 predestination ............ 13, 18, 119, 127, 132, 215, 230 Presbyterian .. 133, 188, 189, 191, 205, 265, 274, 294, 303, 309, 310, 343, 361, 404, 419 progressive ................... 42, 69, 72, 166, 288, 371, 447 Propitiation ..............................................................18 Protestant ...... 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 169, 214, 295, 307, 311, 449 Proverbs ......................................................... 359, 392 pulpits ...................................... 87, 137, 217, 266, 354 Puritan 19, 51, 92, 106, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 148, 150, 183, 187, 191, 225, 231, 274, 277, 278, 306, 405 Q quicken ............................................................ 26, 119 R R Tudur Jones......................................................214 Rabbi ....................................................... 23, 191, 241 radical change ... 26, 27, 32, 40, 41, 74, 181, 218, 243, 271, 451 Rastafarianism .......................................................342 rebirth 23, 26, 194, 203, 208, 209, 216, 219, 237, 242, 325 recreated .......................................................... 23, 245 redemption .. 13, 16, 18, 112, 143, 157, 174, 176, 185, 190, 194, 199, 204, 223, 238, 242, 273, 287, 379, 402, 412 Reformation .... 30, 33, 35, 36, 41, 114, 119, 121, 122, 123, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 136, 161, 178, 182, 191, 195, 196, 198, 215, 217, 218, 266, 267, 268, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 282, 290, 295, 311, 344, 404, 449 Reformed theology ........................................ 114, 179 Reformer .. 41, 126, 129, 130, 134, 180, 293, 309, 450 regenerated ..14, 18, 19, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 37, 38, 41, 42, 44, 55, 63, 70, 72, 76, 78, 98, 100, 111, 113, 114, 116, 147, 152, 153, 164, 172, 186, 206, 216, 221, 222, 223, 226, 229, 232, 233, 239, 241, 246, 248, 250, 252, 254, 255, 259, 266, 268, 269, 270, 273, 286, 287, 288, 292, 297, 411, 418, 424, 452

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regenerating .. 14, 43, 55, 74, 113, 134, 136, 140, 151, 155, 160, 173, 217, 231, 286 regeneration .....5, 9, 10, 14, 17, 18, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 58, 59, 67, 68, 71, 74, 77, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103, 104, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 121, 123, 124, 126, 129, 133, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 151, 152, 153, 154, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 181, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 229, 231, 235, 236, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249, 250, 251, 255, 256, 258, 259, 260, 261, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 276, 277, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 300, 303, 304, 306, 311, 313, 314, 316, 318, 320, 321, 325, 330, 332, 333, 335, 337, 339, 340, 346, 347, 356, 371, 404, 425, 437 Regeneration ..1, 10, 26, 29, 30, 31, 36, 43, 55, 56, 92, 139, 144, 153, 157, 158, 159, 160, 163, 164, 175, 177, 186, 191, 195, 196, 203, 204, 206, 207, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 230, 231, 239, 241, 246, 248, 257, 258, 261, 265, 269, 271, 272, 275, 276, 278, 293, 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 346, 360, 363 relative .... 10, 50, 52, 83, 84, 120, 222, 265, 300, 334, 336, 339, 347, 348, 350, 352, 353, 354, 357, 360, 409, 449 renaissance .............................................................121 Repentance 32, 36, 140, 278, 291, 294, 296, 297, 298, 303, 304, 305, 309, 310, 322, 364, 406, 437, 439 resurrection ... 16, 18, 28, 76, 117, 163, 170, 179, 189, 191, 201, 202, 203, 205, 207, 209, 215, 216, 217, 221, 224, 236, 247, 248, 266, 370, 402, 403, 448 Revelation 28, 108, 109, 117, 176, 207, 218, 390, 426 Richard Baxter ......................................... 92, 137, 225 Richard Sibbes .....................................................141 righteousness. ..... 24, 59, 71, 103, 111, 162, 211, 218, 259, 406, 422 Robert Charles Sproul ........................................207

Robert Lewis Dabney ..........................................174 Rogers ........................................................... 133, 135 Roman Catholic ...... 30, 119, 120, 122, 124, 126, 130, 131, 133, 135, 148, 282, 289, 306, 307, 311, 313, 318, 322, 357 Romans ..13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 27, 29, 33, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 48, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 80, 83, 84, 103, 104, 105, 110, 113, 115, 118, 131, 181, 185, 194, 216, 219, 225, 245, 246, 254, 257, 269, 277, 286, 289, 372, 392, 393, 394, 401, 407, 417, 419, 423, 427, 429, 441 Ronald Kalifungwa ...................................... 193, 198 S Sabellanism ............................................. 17, 115, 267 Sabellus..................................................................267 saints .... 3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 19, 32, 37, 44, 45, 48, 60, 61, 62, 66, 68, 69, 79, 85, 86, 87, 90, 92, 93, 100, 115, 120, 122, 128, 135, 136, 140, 141, 146, 148, 151, 180, 183, 188, 197, 236, 241, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 257, 260, 266, 269, 284, 285, 288, 296, 297, 306, 311, 317, 344, 346, 347, 354, 355, 356, 359, 360, 372, 376, 382, 383, 387, 388, 389, 394, 395, 397, 401, 402, 403, 429, 432, 441, 442, 446, 450 salvation .11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 30, 33, 34, 37, 38, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 54, 74, 86, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 101, 102, 104, 106, 108, 112, 115, 116, 119, 126, 131, 132, 135, 138, 140, 141, 142, 150, 154, 160, 161, 169, 173, 177, 186, 189, 191, 195, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 213, 215, 217, 226, 227, 230, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 245, 247, 248, 251, 252, 254, 258, 262, 264, 269, 271, 273, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 296, 300, 303, 305, 311, 316, 320, 323, 324, 325, 330, 332, 334, 335, 336, 339, 347, 349, 365, 368, 371, 372, 374, 379, 387, 391, 393, 398, 401, 402, 403, 404, 406, 419, 421, 424, 426, 427, 430, 438, 440, 443, 444, 451 Salvation Army ......................................................296 Salvation is by Grace ...............................................49 Samuel Bolton ................................... 44, 51, 141, 361

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Samuel Ngewa ......................................................208 Sanctification...................... 40, 42, 69, 259, 276, 285 saviour ...17, 29, 31, 33, 38, 40, 42, 53, 58, 59, 67, 68, 71, 76, 89, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 113, 142, 161, 208, 209, 210, 219, 222, 243, 252, 255, 260, 262, 268, 286, 287, 292, 384, 393, 402, 407, 426, 455 Saviour..... 32, 116, 154, 168, 170, 202, 314, 346, 407 Savoy Declaration of 1658 ...................................232 Scottish . 133, 144, 168, 176, 178, 185, 200, 229, 280, 294 scriptures..9, 11, 21, 22, 30, 38, 45, 47, 52, 59, 63, 65, 71, 80, 83, 85, 86, 100, 108, 109, 115, 118, 120, 124, 126, 128, 134, 141, 153, 162, 163, 169, 178, 179, 180, 183, 187, 194, 195, 199, 205, 208, 215, 217, 225, 233, 235, 256, 260, 262, 264, 267, 269, 270, 273, 286, 287, 290, 300, 313, 317, 330, 333, 334, 336, 340, 346, 348, 353, 354, 355, 376, 387, 391, 410, 412, 416, 424, 431, 432, 433, 440, 443, 449 SDA ......................... 47, 106, 213, 236, 237, 283, 316 Selestius .................................................................262 Semi-Pelagian ........ 193, 208, 214, 261, 264, 303, 311 Sermon on the Mount .......................... 23, 45, 49, 127 Seventh Day Adventist ........................ 106, 236, 283 sexually .................................................. 249, 354, 412 Shedd WGT .............................................................57 Shintoism ...............................................................342 Shorter catechism ................................................226 sign 34, 38, 40, 62, 64, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 95, 97, 184, 202, 204, 242, 253, 270, 382 sin .... 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 49, 50, 52, 53, 58, 59, 60, 62, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 84, 92, 93, 94, 101, 103, 104, 109, 110, 111, 117, 119, 120, 121, 141, 146, 150, 151, 153, 154, 160, 161, 162, 164, 167, 168, 169, 172, 177, 181, 184, 189, 194, 198, 201, 203, 207, 208, 211, 212, 213, 215, 217, 218, 220, 221, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 236, 238, 241, 245, 246, 247, 249, 255, 258, 260, 262, 263, 264, 268, 270, 278, 284, 290, 318, 321, 322, 323, 345, 364, 365, 368, 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 386, 393, 396, 398,

403, 406, 407, 410, 413, 415, 417, 418, 420, 421, 422, 427, 432, 436, 439, 446, 451 Sinai ................................................................... 45, 53 sinner .18, 19, 30, 33, 40, 42, 44, 52, 79, 93, 102, 104, 111, 112, 139, 140, 155, 160, 161, 168, 191, 195, 208, 216, 217, 220, 222, 223, 235, 238, 261, 264, 266, 272, 273, 286, 289, 401, 406, 421, 439, 440, 444 SM Houghton ........................................................214 Smeaton George ................................ 36, 57, 279, 361 Social science ........................................................336 soldier . 14, 68, 77, 144, 152, 215, 389, 417, 420, 426, 427 Solomon Muntanga Sibalwa ...............................218 Soteriology ................ 1, 108, 126, 188, 234, 282, 289 Spirit 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 47, 55, 57, 61, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 94, 96, 98, 103, 104, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 119, 122, 129, 132, 143, 146, 150, 151, 153,155, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 184, 186, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236, 237, 238, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 259, 261, 264, 266, 267, 268, 270, 272, 273, 276, 279, 280, 282, 285, 287, 288, 290, 293, 296, 298, 299, 300, 306, 318, 321, 343, 344, 345, 348, 358, 360, 361, 362, 363, 371, 372, 373, 374, 377, 379, 386, 390, 392, 396, 406, 410, 411, 418, 424, 433, 452 Spirit filled Christian ................................. 47, 76, 390 spiritual ..10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 39, 40, 44, 49, 60, 62, 63, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 80, 82, 89, 91, 92, 100, 101, 102, 103, 109, 111, 113, 115, 119, 129, 136, 139, 140, 143, 145, 146, 150, 151, 152, 153, 159, 160, 163, 164, 168, 170, 172, 173, 181, 184, 188, 190, 195, 197, 200, 204, 205, 209, 214, 215, 216, 217, 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, 231, 234, 236, 237, 239, 241, 242, 243, 246, 248, 250, 251, 253, 256, 257, 258, 259,

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260, 261, 268, 270, 272, 287, 300, 316, 318, 346, 348, 353, 354, 359, 369, 372, 374, 381, 386, 387, 403, 414, 415, 417, 419, 420, 423, 426, 427, 429, 431, 433, 437, 442, 446, 450, 452 Spurgeon C H .................................... 36, 57, 345, 361 St Bernard of Clairvaux .........................................120 St Francis of Assisi ................................................120 Stephen Charnock ...............................................138 Stoicism .................................................................342 Stott ....................... 149, 196, 197, 199, 290, 306, 355 Summa Theologica ................................ 122, 123, 274 Synergistic ...............................................................33 Synod of Dordt .....................................................234 systematic ..............................................................192 systematic theology ...............................................122 T Taoism ...................................................................342 The Banner of Truth Trust ...... 20, 35, 36, 56, 57, 105, 106, 107, 113, 257, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 339, 343, 344, 345, 358, 361, 362, 377, 404, 421, 440 The Waldenses .....................................................121 Theodore Beza .....................................................129 Theologians ................. 30, 51, 99, 114, 118, 167, 316 theology .. 12, 22, 30, 35, 66, 106, 114, 120, 122, 131, 132, 134, 139, 141, 144, 152, 158, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 197, 199, 200, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 214, 215, 220, 238, 247, 261, 264, 274, 303, 318, 349, 350, 353, 357, 386, 404 Thomas Aquinas .......................... 120, 122, 179, 288 Thomas Boston....................................... 20, 144, 280 Thomas Brooks ....................................................142 Thomas Cranmer ................................................. 134 Thomas Godwin ...................................................142 Thomas Watson ................ 19, 51, 112, 138, 139, 196 Tim Trumper ........................................... 31, 214, 290 Timothy 15, 72, 74, 75, 81, 82, 86, 102, 261, 270, 271, 346, 348, 352, 372, 410, 416, 424, 428, 437, 438, 441

Titus .. 14, 17, 26, 28, 43, 73, 114, 117, 118, 173, 194, 195, 205, 207, 216, 219, 221, 222, 224, 225, 230, 231, 240, 242, 243, 246, 266, 269, 270, 278, 371, 374, 396, 417, 424, 426, 428, 430, 437 Tom Wright ........................... 289, 290, 306, 342, 352 Transcendental Meditation .................... 320, 348, 353 transformed ..11, 22, 24, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34, 40, 55, 59, 61, 62, 72, 73, 75, 78, 90, 94, 96, 151, 189, 193, 201, 224, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248, 249, 251, 254, 256, 257, 267, 269, 270, 272, 381, 415, 423, 438 turmoil ...................................................................369 Twitter ........................................................... 356, 358 U UK .... 54, 88, 138, 139, 161, 162, 185, 193, 198, 321, 353, 358, 397 Ulric Zwingli ........................................ 130, 135, 309 uncircumcision .................................... 11, 13, 17, 145 University ... 26, 56, 99, 101, 134, 135, 138, 141, 142, 146, 152, 175, 176, 179, 188, 191, 198, 200, 209, 214, 234, 264, 276, 277, 304, 330, 343, 345, 353, 357, 362 unregenerate 14, 39, 43, 76, 80, 84, 96, 101, 132, 151, 157, 164, 182, 229, 241, 253, 256, 396, 430, 431 USA ...... 122, 127, 145, 161, 166, 176, 179, 183, 185, 189, 199, 204, 208, 209, 296, 299, 300, 303, 317, 321, 330, 357, 359 V Victor Kanyanse ........................................................4 Victor Kanyense...................................................194 W Walter J Chantry ................................................. 189 Warfield B.B.................................................... 36, 361 Watchman Nee .....................................................186 water baptism............. 25, 97, 207, 242, 244, 270, 287 Watson Thomas ................. 20, 36, 106, 280, 362, 405 Wayne A Grudem ................................................190 Welsh ..................................................... 148, 180, 214 Wesleyan ....................................................... 148, 305 Westminster Assembly .................. 140, 141, 142, 225 Westminster Confession of faith................. 225, 231

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Westminster Theological Seminary ...... 179, 185, 189, 191, 208 William Carey ............... 158, 180, 359, 375, 400, 404 William Cunningham .................................. 168, 176 William Guthrie ...................................................141 William Hendriksen ............................................199 William Perkins ................................... 137, 141, 142 William Romaine ...................................................149 William S Barker II ..................................... 191, 225 William Williams .................................................. 149 Winslow Octavius.............................................. 20, 36 witchcraft.......................................... 88, 95, 354, 414 world 11, 15, 17, 21, 24, 26, 28, 29, 32, 40, 42, 50, 53, 55, 58, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 94, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 109, 110, 112, 119, 121, 128, 130, 131, 138, 139, 140, 144, 145, 146, 148, 152, 156, 158, 166, 167, 168, 170, 179, 180, 183, 187, 188, 191, 193, 197, 198, 201, 204, 209, 211, 218, 219, 222, 226, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251,

254, 257, 258, 259, 262, 265, 266, 268, 269, 270, 271, 274, 283, 286, 287, 290, 292, 296, 299, 300, 303, 311, 315, 317, 320, 323, 324, 325, 328, 330, 332, 334, 335, 336, 337, 339, 340, 349, 353, 354, 356, 359, 360, 364, 367, 370, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 381, 384, 385, 386, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 397, 398, 401, 402, 403, 404, 408, 411, 413, 414, 417, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 425, 427, 428, 429, 431, 433, 435, 436, 447, 455 World Vision International statement of faith ..236 Wycliffe......................................................... 123, 351 Y Young E.J ................................................................57 Z Zambia ...................................................................470 Zion ................... 35, 36, 56, 57, 60, 98, 216, 361, 404 Zoroastrianism .......................................................342

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About the Author

Billy Sichone initially trained as an Accountant and worked as a Program Accountant at one of World Vision International-Zambias large scale Area Development Programs (ADP) for seven years before moving on to hold other portfolios. He holds several qualifications that include an MBA. He is married to Jane and they have two daughters together. Among his interests are studying, reading, photography, research, writing, poultry, art, meeting people, astronomy, cycling and adventure.

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