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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY & ANIMAL SCIENCES,BIKANER

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH

Influenza pandemics are caused by influenza viruses that have adapted to human beings. Influenza virus can affect human, pigs, poultry, and horses.

Swine influenza is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by typeA influenza virus that regularly causes influenza outbreaks. Illness was first recognised in 1930. Recently human cases of swine influenza have been reported in several countries

Recent Swine influenza is being caused by Influenza type A H1N1 virus. Like all influenza viruses, swine flu virus also changes constantly due to reassortment of genes and new novel strain can emerge for which human being have no immunity.

Swine influenza do not normally infect human. However sporadic human infection can occur. Most commonly these cases occur in persons having direct exposure to pigs. Human to human transmission appears to be the key factor representing the real pandemic threat. Transmission can occur pig to human, human to pig and human to human.

Outbreaks among pigs normally occur in colder weather months (late fall and winter) and sometimes with the introduction of new pigs into susceptible herds. Studies have shown that the swine flu H1N1 is common throughout pig populations worldwide, with 25 percent of animals showing antibody evidence of infection.

Swine flu viruses are thought to be spread mostly through close contact among pigs and possibly from contaminated objects moving between infected and uninfected pigs. Herds with continuous swine flu infections and herds that are vaccinated against swine flu may have sporadic disease, or may show only mild or no symptoms of infection.

Most commonly, these cases occur in persons with direct exposure to pigs (e.g. children near pigs at a fair or workers in the swine industry). In addition, there have been documented cases of one person spreading swine flu to others.

Influenza viruses can be directly transmitted from pigs to people and from people to pigs. Human infection with flu viruses from pigs are most likely to occur when people are in close proximity to infected pigs, such as in pig barns and livestock exhibits housing pigs at fairs. Human-to-human transmission of swine flu can also occur.

No. Swine influenza viruses are not transmitted by food. You can not get swine influenza from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork and pork products is safe. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160F kills the swine flu virus as it does other bacteria and viruses

The transmission is by droplet infection and fomites. Disease spread quickly in crowded places. Cold and dry weather enables the virus to survive longer outside the body. Virus is not transmitted by food. Properly handled and cooked pork is safe.

1-7 days. 1-4 days(most likely)

From 1 day before to 7 days after the onset of symptoms. If illness persist for more than 7 days, chances of communicability may persist till resolution of illness.

Children may spread the virus for a longer period(14 days).

Fever Upper respiratory symptoms such as cough and sore throat, running nose. Head ache, body ache, diarrhea and vomiting. Clinicians should expect complications to be similar to seasonal influenza: sinusitis, otitis media, croup, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, status asthamaticus, myocarditis, pericarditis, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, encephalitis, seizures, toxic shock syndrome and secondary bacterial pneumonia with or without sepsis, febrile seizures.

Frequent hand washing Covering coughs and sneezes Avoidance of crowded settings when possible advising ill persons to stay home (except to seek medical care) and minimize contact with others in household voluntary home quarantine of members of households with confirmed or probable swine influenza cases

consider Facemasks (disposable, single use masks) for persons who enter crowded settings

consider Respirators (N95 or higher filtering facepiece respirator) for persons who have unavoidable close contact with infectious person
N95 MASK

Zanamivir 10 mg (2 inhalations) once daily for adults and children 5 years old Oseltamivir orally adults and children 13 years old - 75 mg once daily children aged 1-12 years - dose based on weight 15 kg 15-23 kg 23-40 kg > 40 kg 30 45 60 75 mg mg mg mg once once once once daily daily daily daily

No vaccine available to protect humans from swine flu Vaccine for human seasonal influenza does not protect against H1N1 swine flu viruses due to antigenic differences, but may provide partial protection against swine H3N2 virus

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