Indian Railways Reservation Database Report

INDIAN RAILWAYS RESERVATION
Indian Railways have been divided into 9 Zones - Western, Central, Eastern, Northern, North Eastern, Northeast Frontier, Southern, South Central & South Eastern covering the largest route length of over 63000 Kms of total Indian boundary. The last stations of the four directional boundaries are WestMumbai, South-Kanyakumari, East-Guwahati, NorthJammu. It is the most convenient way of travelling if you are travelling on a budget. The railways have one of the most efficient communication systems between 2 stations. The types of class available are 1st class, AC 2tier, AC 3tier, 2nd class sleeper & chair car. The 1st class being phased out being converted in to AC 2 tier/AC 3 tier (recently being introduced in some of the trains).
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A plan for a rail system in India was first put forward in 1832, but no further steps were taken for more than a decade. In 1844, the Governor-General of India Lord Harding allowed private entrepreneurs to set up a rail system in India. Two new railway companies were created and the East India Company was asked to assist them. Interest from a lot of investors in the UK led to the rapid creation of a rail system over the next few years. Railways were first introduced to India in 1853. By 1947, the year of India's independence, there were forty-two rail systems. In 1951 the systems were nationalized as one unit, becoming one of the largest networks in the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systems on a multi-gauge network of broad, meter and narrow gauges. It also owns locomotive and coach production facilities. The first train in India became operational on 1851-12-22, and was used for the hauling of construction material in Roorkee. A few years later, on 1853-04-16, the first passenger train between Bori Bunder, Bombay and Thana covering a distance of 34 km (21 miles) wasinaugurated, formally heralding the birth of railways in India.
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The Indian Railways (IR) carries about 5.5 lakh passengers in reserved accommodation every day. The computerized Passenger Reservation System (PRS) facilitates booking and cancelling of tickets from any of the 4000 terminals (i.e. PRS booking windows) all over the country. These tickets can be booked or cancelled for journeys commencing in any part of India and ending in a n y o t h e r p a rt , w i t h t r av e l t i m e s a s l o ng a s 7 2 h o u rs a nd d is t a n c e s up t o s e v er a l t h o u s a nd kilometers. The pilot project of PRS was launched on 15 November 1985, over Northern Railway with the installation of the Integrated Multiple Train Passenger Reservation System (IMPRESS), an online transaction processing system developed by the Indian Railways in association with Computer Maintenance Corporation (CMC) Ltd., at New Delhi. The objective was to provide reserved accommodation on any train from any count, preparation of train charts and accounting of the money collected. This application was subsequently implemented in 1987, at Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and Secunderabad. With the addition of new locations and many redefinitions, the IMPRESS system fell short of growing expectations of the travelling public. Hence a new application software, i.e., Country Wide Network for Computerized Enhanced Reservation and Ticketing (CONCERT) was developed by the Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS), New Delhi primarily using C and also using FORTRAN. The application was first implemented at the Secunderabad PRS site in September 1994 and subsequently at the oth er f our PRS sit es . Current ly, t he PRS s ervers are maintained at th e fiv e s ites in Delh i, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Secunderabad and operate in a distributed database process environment . Communication of all th e t erminals with th eir s erver was est ablish ed using Railway/Department of Telecommunication (DOT) channel lines, fibre optic cable/microwavech a nnel s, s wit ch es , mod em, mult iplex ers et c. Th e int er -net wo rk ing of five PRS nod es was completed in April 1999. Interconnectivity is established between the five PRS centers over 2mbps leased Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)
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lines. The system has the capability of issuing reserved tickets from anywhere to anywhere, in any train, date or class between any pair of stations from any booking terminal of the PRS. The main modules of the PRS are the Reservation module, the Cancellation and Modification Module, the Charting Module, the Accounting Module, and the Database Module. The passengers request for reservation, cancellation and modification of journey are handled by the system through requisition slips. Major outputs generated by the system are reservation cum journey tickets, cancellation/modification tickets, r e s e r v a t i o n c h a r t s and Daily Terminal Cash Summary. The system is also capable of generating different types of Management Information System (MIS) Reports. Indian railway is having ten zonal railways namely Eastern Railway (ER), Northern Railway (NR), Southern Railway (SR), Central Railway(CR), Western Railway (WR), South Central Railway (SCR), North Eastern Railway (NER),South Eastern Railway (SER), North East Frontier Railway (NFR) and East Central Railway(ECR).
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The main objective of railway reservation project is to maintain the records of train details so that it could be easy for updating the reservation details. The train details consist of train name, train no, destination to be reached, number of passengers traveling and number of seats available. The reservation details consist of passengers, name, age, sex, destination to be reached by them, ticket numbers, and seat number.
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Railway passengers frequently need to know about their ticket reservation status, ticket availability on a particular train or for a place, train arrival and departure details, special trains etc. Customer information centers at the railways station are unable to serve such queries at peak periods. As of now there are no call centers facilities available to solve the queries of the Indian passengers and customers. The number of reservation counters available to the Indian passengers and customers are very less. On most of the reservation centers in India there are always long queues, so it takes a long time for any individual to book the tickets. In case of booking e-ticket or I- ticket by IRCRC the only disadvantage is any individual cannot plan for onward journey. In case of e-ticket and I- ticket if there is any case of cancellation the amount to be refunded to the customer is not been credited to the customers account instantly, it takes a long time.
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The propo sed syste m is comparatively faster than the existing system. As the proposed system is comparatively faster than the existing system, there will be very less rush and shorter queues at the reservation counters or centers In the proposed system, we are also making database for all the trains running across the country. As required, we can edit the database of the trains and also add the new trains which will be proposed in future budgets Indian Railways is huge. There are umpteen number of database in its system. The use of MS Access enables the person at the booking counter a customized and easy retrieval of information. An online ticketing database allows the users of the Indian Railways Reservation System to track the whereabouts of their travel. The passengers who need to know whether they are in waiting list or confirmed need not travel to the ticket counter or call railway service system. With the help of an online system they can show the information in a click.
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HARDWARE Intel Core Duo 2 3 gb RAM 320 Hard Disk
SOFTWARE Window Vista MICROSOFT ACCESS 2007
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We use MS access as the tool to develop this application. By managing the train details (i.e.,) updating the records with correct details and reservation details. We can make the customers train journey as comfort as possible. Thus it is worth in carrying out the requirement engineering process and system development.
Need for Feasibility Study: 1.) Answer the question whether a new system is to be installed or not? 2.) Determine the potential of the existing system. 3.) Improve the existing system. 4.) Know what should be embedded in the new system. 5.) Define the problems and objective involved in a project. 6.) Avoid costly repairs at a later stage when the system is implemented. 7.) Avoid crash implementation of a new system. 8.) Avoid the Hardware Approach i.e. getting a computer first and then deciding how to use it. ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY Economic feasibility looks at the financial aspects of the project. Economic feasibility concerns with the returns from the investments in a project. It determines whether it is worthwhile to invest the money in the proposed system. It is not worthwhile spending a lot of money on a project for no returns. To carry out an economic feasibility for a system, it is necessary to place actual money value against any purchases or activities needed to implement the project. The system cost is very low. Therefore it is economically feasible. The user not have to spend more or separately.
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TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY- The technical feasibility in the proposed system deals with the technology used in the system. It deals with the hardware and software used in the system whether they are of latest technology or not. It happens that after a system is prepared a new technology arises and the user wants the system based on that technology. Thus it is important to check the system to be technically feasible. Indian Railways Reservation System is technically feasible it can be use on any computer if the computer is having 3 gb Ram and 320 gb Hard disk. BEHAVIORAL FEASIBILITY- In the system operational feasibility checks, whether the user who is going to use the system is able to work with the softwares with which the system is coded and also the mind of the user going to use the system. If the user does not understand or is able to work on the system further development is of waste. Indian Railways Reservation System can be easily operated without having any error or problem or without wastage of time.
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Project plan is a discipline for stating how to complete a project within a certain timeframe, usually with defined stages, and with designated resources. One view of project plan divides the activity into: Setting objectives (these should be measurable) Identifying deliverables Planning the schedule Making supporting plans Supporting plans may include those related to: human resources, communication methods, and risk management. Planning is the most important management activity. Without a proper plan, no real monitoring or controlling of the project is possible. An improper planning may be the cause of many software failures. The basic goal of planning is to look into the future, identify the activities that need to be done to complete the project successfully, as plan the scheduling a resource allocation for these activities. A good plan is flexible enough to handle the unforeseen events that inevitably occur in large project. Project plan is the document describing aspects of the plan. It is the instrumental in driving the development process through the remaining phases. The major issues project plan addresses are: Cost Estimation Schedule and Milestones Personnel Plan Software Quality Assurance Plan Configuration Management Plans Project Monitoring Risk Management
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We explained how our development team had decided to structure ongoing project. We have created one team project as per major application we are working out. When schedule is being planned, we have to fix the number of resources. Detailed scheduling is done only after actual assignment of people has been done, as task assignment needs information about the capabilities of the team member. The project`s team is led by project manager, who does the planning and task assignment. This form of hierarchal team organization is fairly common. In this hierarchal organization, the project manager is responsible for all the major technical decisions of the project. ROHIT GUPTA & DHEERAJ GUPTA
COLLECTION OF DATA EDITING OF DATA MAKING ENTERIES MAKING REPORT FINDING ERRORS
DHEERAJ GUPTA ROHIT GUPTA ROHIT GUPTA & DEERAJ GUPTA DHEERAJ GUPTA ROHIT GUPTA
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The development schedule depends upon the number of resources or people put into the project. A schedule cannot be simply obtained from the overall effort estimate by deciding on average staff size and then determining the total time requirement by dividing the total effort by the average staff size. In other words, once the effort is fixed, there is some flexibility in scheduling the project. The scheduling activity can be broken into two sub activities. The overall scheduling refers to determining it as a function of effort. The overall functionality is scheduled in this phase. Once the milestones and the resources are fixed, it is time to set the detailed scheduling. For detailed scheduling, the major task fixed while planning the milestones are broken into small schedulable activities into a hierarchal manner. Our project takes 20 days to complete. In our Project Rohit Gupta and Dheeraj Gupta the team members put their sincere efforts to complete it. All the data which was collected was very appropriate and true. 1. Problem Defining 2. Data Collection 3. Analysis 4. Applying Query 5. Testing. WORK SYNOPSIS COLLECTING DATA EDITING DATA MAKE ENTERIES MAKING REPORT FINDING ERRORS TIME TAKEN 3 Days 3-4 Days 1 Days 3-4 Days 3 Days 4-5 Days
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1. TRAIN INFORMATION- We sets fields like (Train no., Train

2. name, Source Destination) to prepare that table TRAIN TIMING- We sets fields like (Train no., Train timing, From, Departure timing, To, Arrival timing, distance) to prepare that table. AVAILABILITY- We sets fields like (Train no., Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday) to prepare that table. CLASS- We sets fields like (Train no., Sleeper, 2 Seater, Chair car, AC1, AC2, AC3) to prepare that table. STATUS OF SEAT- We sets fields like (Train no., Total seat, AC1 vacant, AC2 vacant, AC3 vacant, Sleeper vacant, 2 Seater vacant, Chair car vacant, AC1 waiting, AC2 waiting, AC3 waiting, Sleeper waiting, 2 Seater waiting Chair car waiting, , AC1 rac, AC2 rac, AC3 rac, Sleeper rac, 2 Seater rac, Chair car rac,) to prepare that table. PASSENGER- We sets fields like (Transaction id, Train no., Name, Age, Sex, Status, Address, Category) to prepare that table. TICKET BOOKING- We sets fields like (PNR no., Train no., Name, Date, Seat Status, Class) to prepare that table. FARE- We sets fields like (Train no., Class, Fare) to prepare that table. PAYMENT- We sets fields like (Receipt no., Name, Transaction) to prepare that table.
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1) In first query we use two table i.e. (Train timing, availability) to know whether the train is running on Tuesday Saturday or not.
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2) In second query we use three table i.e. (Passenger, Train timing and Ticket booking) we use these table to know how many passenger having WAITING status.
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3) In third query we use two table i.e. (Train timing and Ticket booking) to know the number of passenger whose seat are confirmed.
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4) In fourth query we use two tables i.e. (Train information and Class) to know which train having which kind of class like (Sleeper, AC1, 2 Seater).
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5) In fifth query we use four tables i.e. (Train timing, Ticket booking, Status of seat, Availability) to know status of seat of those train which are run on Wednesday and Friday.
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6) In sixth query we use three table i.e. (Passenger, Fare and Ticket booking) to know the ticket fare or class of the passenger seat.
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7) In seventh query we use four tables i.e. (Availability, Passenger, Train timing, Ticket booking) to know those person traveling on Monday and Friday are single or not and there seat are confirmed or not.
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8) In eighth query we use seven table i.e. (Train timing, Availability, Class, Status of seat, Passenger, Fare, Ticket booking) to know the availability of train on Sunday and the sleeper class in the train, status of seat and train fare.
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9) In ninth query we use three table i.e. (Ticket booking, Passenger and Payment) to know the PNR no. and receipt no. of passenger.
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Software testing is a critical phase of software quality assurance. It indicates the ultimate review of specification, design and code generation. Once source code has been generated, software must be tested to uncover and correct maximum possible errors, before being delivered. Testing emphasizes on a set of methods for the creation of test cases that fulfill overall testing objectives. The primary objectives of software testing are as follows: 1. Testing is a process of executing a program to find an error in it. 2. A good test case should have a high probability of finding an asyet-undiscovered error. 3. A test case will be considered successful if it uncovers an asyet-undiscovered error.
TESTING TECHNIQUE
A. UNIT TESTING- Unit testing aims the verification effort on the smallest unit of software design i.e., a software component or module. It uses procedural design as a guide to test major control paths and uncover errors within the module boundary. It is a White box oriented and the step can be conducted in parallel for multiple components. Unit testing is a dynamic method for verification, where the program is actually compiled and executed. It is one of the most widely used methods, and the coding phase is sometimes called coding and unit testing phase. The goal of unit testing is to test modules or units, not the whole software system. Unit testing is most often done by the programmer himself/herself. The goal of Unit testing is to isolate each
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part of the program and show that the individual parts are correct. A unit test provides a strict, written contract that the piece of code must satisfy. As a result, it affords several benefits. B. INTEGRATION TESTING- Integration testing is a phase of software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. It follows snit testing and precedes system testing. The major objective of integration testing is to tackle the problem of integration i.e. putting all the modules together. One module can have an inadvertent, adverse effect on another, sub functions, when combined, may not be magnified to unacceptable levels; global data structure can cause problems and to truncate this list of problems we use integration testing. Integration testing strategy used is Bottom-Up Integration Testing. In it all the bottom or low level modules, procedures or functions are integrated and then tested. After the integration testing of lower level integration modules, the next level of modules will be formed and can be used for integration testing. This approach is helpful only when all or most of the modules of the same development level are ready. This method helps to determine the levels of software development and makes easier to report testing progress in the form of a percentage. C. VALIDATION TESTING- At the climax of integration testing, software is developed as a package having all the errors uncovered and corrected. At this time, a final series of software test May being. It is called validation testing. Validation succeeds when software function in area son ably expectable manner. Validation attempts to uncover errors, but the emphasis is on the requirements level i.e. the things that will be immediately apparent to the customer.
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Implementation is one of the most important tasks in project development. Implementation is the phase, in which one has to be cautious because all the errors under taken during the project will be fruitful only if the software is properly implemented according to the plans made. The implementation phase is less creative than system design. It is primarily concerned with user training site preparation and file conversion. This project can be implemented in efficient and user-friendly manner by using the controls. Indian Railways Reservation System is easily implemented we make a project or apply some tests in database with the help of queries and using condition on the tables. It response in positive way and it is working effectively and efficiently. It is the time where our project is really working.
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The Passenger Reservation System is a prominent example of how Information Technology can be leveraged to provide transparency and convenience to users on a very large scale and is a pioneering egovernance initiative in the country. The system was found to have a few major design deficiencies and the areas of concern were related to system based and manual controls. These leave the system open to the risk of misuse adversely affecting the seat/berth availability to general passengers. The system also had design deficiencies which caused inconvenience to the passengers. Moreover, crucial areas covering security of the system and data, system and process documentation, database management, change management and user privilege management processes were either inadequate or poorly addressed. INDIAN RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM is use to simple the process of reservation and two know the allocation of seat/berth. The details of the Train number, Train ticket are used to know about the Train. The programs are coded in easier and structure manner so that any possible modification can be done easily. The passenger details, Train details very easily, so that the passengers reports are generated easily. The passenger can know the status of his seat easily. This database also helps to overcome the problem of INDAIN RAILWAYS to know the seat status or passenger information.
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WWW.IRTC.COM WWW.INDIANRAILWAYS.GOV.IN WWW.GOOGLE.COM ERAIL.IN INDIANRAILINFO.COM WWW.SCRIBD.COM
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INDIAN RAILWAYS RESERVATION

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