ICloud

Seminar report
Shantanu Chande

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION CONCEPT ARCHITECTURE FEATURES iCloud TYPES COMPONENT APPLICATIONS WORKING ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES FUTURE SCOPE CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing is the next natural step in the evolution of on-demand information technology services and products. To a large extent cloud computing will be based on virtualized resources. The idea of cloud computing is based on a very fundamental principal of `reusability of IT capabilities`. The difference that cloud computing brings compared to traditional concepts of grid computing, distributed computing, utility computing, or autonomic computing is to broaden horizons across organizational boundaries. According to the IEEE Computer Society Cloud Computing is: "A paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and cached temporarily on clients that include desktops, Entertainment centres, table computers, notebooks, wall computers, handhelds, etc."Apple recently announced their iCloud service, which will disrupt the Web services market, and change the way our PCs, Macs, tablets, and smart phones share data and interact with the Web. iCloud is Apples new web-based storage service, which is seamlessly integrated into both iOS5 (to be released later this year) and a myriad of other applications, including applications from third-party developers. This service will allow you to synchronize your entire iTunes music collection, your photo collection from iPhoto, your documents from iWork, and productivity apps including iCal and Mail.app with all of your compatible devices. iCloud is a cloud storage and cloud computing service from Apple Inc. announced on June 6, 2011 at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC). The service allows users to store data such as music files on remote computer servers for download to multiple devices such as iOS-based devices, and personal computers running OS X or Microsoft Windows. It also replaces Apple's Mobile Me service, acting as a data syncing centre for email, contacts, calendars, bookmarks, notes, to-do lists, and other data.

CONCEPTS
A powerful underlying and enabling concept is computing through service-oriented architectures (SOA) - delivery of an integrated and orchestrated suite of functions to an enduser through composition of both loosely and tightly coupled functions, or services-often network based. Related concepts are component-based system engineering, orchestration of different services through workflows, and virtualization. 1. Cyber infrastructure Cyber infrastructure makes applications dramatically easier to develop and deploy, thus expanding the feasible scope of applications possible within budget and organizational constraints, and shifting the scientists and engineers effort away from information technology development and concentrating it on scientific and engineering research. Cyber infrastructure also increases efficiency, quality, and reliability by capturing commonalities among application needs, and facilitates the efficient sharing of equipment and services. Today, almost any business or major activity uses, or relies in some form, on IT and IT services. These services need to be enabling and appliance-like, and there must be an economy of- scale for the total-cost-of-ownership to be better than it would be without cyber infrastructure. Technology needs to improve end-user productivity and reduce technologydriven overhead . 2. Service-Oriented Architecture SOA is not a new concept, although it again has been receiving considerable attention in recent years [e.g., Bel08, IBM08a]. Examples of some of the first network-based serviceoriented architectures are remote procedure calls (RPC), DCOM and Object Request Brokers (ORBs) based on the CORBA specifications. A more recent example is so called Grid Computing architectures and solutions. In an SOA environment end-users request an IT service (or an integrated collection of such services) at the desired functional, quality and capacity level, and receive the response at the time requested or at a specified later time. Service discovery, brokering, and reliability are important .Goal of the SOA is that creating an architecture in which services are able to communicate using http protocol It is expected that in the next 10 years, service-based solutions will be a major vehicle for delivery of information and other IT assisted functions at both individual and organizational levels.

ARCHITECHTURE Apple has built iCloud functionality directly into many of their apps and iOS5. When you take a photo from your iPhone, it can automatically synchronize with iCloud, and be pushed to your iPad and Mac. You can stop worrying about keeping all of your devices in sync once they are all linked to your iCloud account.

Once you connect your device to the internet via a wired or Wi-Fi connection, all of your files will be automatically synchronized. The Backup feature allows you to store your personal data, along with music apps and books purchased from iTunes. You can restore all of your data directly to your device from iCloud, or move it to any new devices you buy. Cloud architecture the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of cloud computing, comprises hardware and software designed by a cloud architect who typically works for a cloud integrator. It typically involves multiple cloud components communicating with each other over application programming interfaces, usually web services. This closely resembles the UNIX philosophy of having multiple programs doing one thing well and working together over universal interfaces. Complexity is controlled and the resulting systems are more manageable than their monolithic counterparts. Cloud architecture extends to the client, where web browsers and/or software applications access cloud applications. Cloud storage architecture is loosely coupled, where metadata operations are to applications or users centralized enabling the data nodes to scale into the hundreds, each independently delivering data to applications or users.

Fig 3 Cloud Architecture

Features
iCloud is the latest branding of Apple's cloud computing services. It has previously been branded as iTools in 2000, Mac in 2002, and Mobile Me in 2008. 1 .iOS device backup and restore: iCloud allows users the option to back up iOS devices online (alternatively users can choose to continue to backup to their computers), thus they can be restored from online backup without connecting to a computer. 2. Find My iPhone: Find My iPhone, formerly part of Mobile Me, allows users to track the location of their iOS device, or Mac. A user can see the device's approximate location on a map (along with a circle showing the radius depicting the margin of error), display a message or play a sound on the device (even if it is set to silent), change the password on the device, and remotely erase its contents 3. Photo Stream: Photo Stream is a service supplied with the basic iCloud service which allows users to store the most recent 1,000 photos on the iCloud servers up to 30 days free of charge. When a photo is taken on a device with Photo Stream enabled, it is automatically uploaded to the iCloud servers; from there, it is automatically pushed to the rest of the user's registered devices. The service is also integrated with Apple TV, allowing users to wirelessly view their recent photos on their HDTV. 4. Back to My Mac: Back to My Mac, also previously part of Mobile Me, is now part of iCloud. As before, this service allows users to login remotely to other computers configured with the same Apple ID that have Back to My Mac enabled. 5. iTunes Match: iTunes Match debuted on November 14, 2011, initially available to US users only For an annual fee, customers can scan and match tracks in their iTunes music library, including tracks copied from CDs or other sources, with tracks in the iTunes Store, thereby saving customers money that would otherwise be wasted on repurchasing said tracks. Apple lets customers download up to 25,000 tracks in 256 Kbit/s DRM-free AAC file format that match tracks in any supported audio file format, including ALAC and mp3, in the customers' iTunes libraries, with users having the additional option on their computers to keep the original version stored there or to replace it with the version from the iTunes Store as they wish. Any music not available in the iTunes Store is also able to be uploaded by users for download onto their other supported devices or computers, but online storage needed for the upload of tracks not available in the iTunes Store is taken from the users separate iCloud storage service allowance, as non-iTunes Store audio storage is not included, because the annual charge is for the matching of non-iTunes bought music only. If a user stops paying for the service, the downloaded music in DRM-free AAC format already stored on any device is able to be kept, whether iOS devices or computers. iTunes Match is currently available in 37 countries, including USA, Australia, United Kingdom, Mexico, Spain, and Canada. The annual charge is $24.99.

iCloud Types: i.Public cloud: Public cloud or external cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream. Public clouds are run by third parties, and applications from different customers are likely to be mixed together on the clouds servers, storage systems, and networks. A public cloud provides services to multiple customers ii. Hybrid cloud: Hybrid clouds combine both public and private cloud models. This is most often seen with the use of storage clouds to support iPhoto, Safari, CryptoEnliser applications.
iii.Private cloud: Private clouds are built for the exclusive use of one client, providing the utmost control over data, security, and quality of service (Figure 4). The company owns the infrastructure and has control over how applications are deployed on it. Private clouds can be built and managed by a companys own IT organization or by a cloud provider.

Fig 4.iCloud Types

Component
The key to a SOA framework that supports workflows is componentization of its services, an ability to support a range of couplings among workflow building blocks, fault-tolerance in its data- and process-aware service-based delivery, and an ability to audit processes, data and results, i.e., collect and use provenance information. Component-based approach is characterized by reusability (elements can be re-used in other workflows), substitutability (alternative implementations are easy to insert, very precisely specified interfaces are available, run-time component replacement mechanisms exist, there is ability to verify and validate substitutions, etc), extensibility and scalability (ability to readily extend system component pool and to scale it, increase capabilities of individual components, have an extensible and scalable architecture that can automatically discover new functionalities and resources, etc),customizability (ability to customize generic features to the needs of a particular scientific domain and problem), and composability (easy construction of more complex functional solutions using basic components, reasoning about such compositions, etc.). There are other characteristics that also are very important. Those include reliability and availability of the components and services, the cost of the services, security, total cost of ownership, economy of scale, and so on. In the context of cloud computing we distinguish many categories of components. From differentiated and undifferentiated hardware, to general-purpose and specialized software and applications, to real and virtual images, to environments, to no-root Differentiated resources, to workflow-based environments and collections of services, and soon. a. Virtualization Virtualization is another very useful concept. It allows abstraction and isolation of lowerlevel functionalities and underlying hardware. This enables portability of higher-level functions and sharing and/or aggregation of the physical resources. The virtualization concept has been around in some form since 1960s (e.g., in IBM mainframe systems). Since then, the concept has matured considerably and it has been applied to all aspects of computing memory, storage, processors, software, networks, as well as services that IT offers. It is the combination of the growing needs and the recent advances in the IT architectures and solutions that is now bringing the virtualization to the true commodity level. Virtualization, through its economy of scale, and its ability to offer very advanced and complex IT services at a reasonable cost, is poised to become, along with wireless and highly distributed and pervasive computing devices, such as sensors and personal cell-based access devices, the driving technology behind the next waive in IT growth .Not surprisingly there are dozens of virtualization products, and a number of small and large companies that make them. Some examples in the operating systems and software applications space are VMware1, Xen - an open source Linux-based product developed by XenSource2, and Microsoft virtualization products, to mention a few. Major IT players have also shown a renewed interest in the technology. Classical storage players such as EMC10, NetApp11, IBM12 and Hitachi13 have not been standing still either. In addition, the network virtualization market is teeming with activity. b.Users The most important Cloud entity, and the principal quality driver and constraining influence is, of course, the user. The value of a solutions depends very much on the view it has of its end-user requirements and user categories: There four broad sets of nonexclusive user categories: System or Cyber infrastructure (CI) developers, developers (authors) of different component services and underlying applications, technology and domain personnel that integrates basic

services into composite services and their orchestrations (workflows) and delivers those to endusers, and finally users of simple and composite services. User categories also include domain specific groups, and indirect users such as stakeholders, policy makers, and so on. Functional and usability requirements derive, in most part, directly from the user profiles.

Applications:
1. CloudApp 2. Waze 3. Box.net 4. Audiobox.fm 5. Joukuu 6. Hojoki 7. Do.com 8. Spotify 9. iCloud 10. Ever note 11. Locate Me

Working:
Installing application a. Make sure your device is running iOS5.To update to iOS5, just connect your device to your Mac or PC and follow the on screen instructions in iTunes.(RequiresiTunes10.5.) b. TurnoniCloud.WhenyouturnonanewiOSdeviceorafteryouvecompletedtheupdatetoiOS 5, follow the on screen instructions to activate your device and setup iCloud. c. Customizeyoursettings.TaptheSettingsiconandselectiCloud.TaptheOn/Offswitchestoe nableindividualiCloudservices,includingPhotoStream,Documents,FindMyiPhone,and more.
d. Enable automatic downloads .To enable automatic downloads for your music,apps,and books, tap the Settings icon on the Home screen and select Store.

Running the application Cloud Backup automatically and securely backs up your most important information to iCloud daily over Wi-Fi whenever your iOS device is connected to a power source. Once you plug it in, everything is backed up quickly and efficiently. iCloud already stores your purchased music, TV shows, apps, books and Photo Stream; iCloud Backup takes care of everything else, backing up your photos and video in the Camera Roll, device settings, app data, home screen and app organization, messages and ringtones. iCloud Backup can even help you set up a new iOS device or restore the information on one you already own.

iCloud Backup your: Purchased music, TV shows, apps, and books Photos and video in the Camera Roll Device settings

App data Home screen and app organization Messages (iMessage, SMS, and MMS)Ringtones

Advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages: 1. Easy implementation process 2. Service "rented out" on "pay as you go" model 3. Cost per Head 4. Accessibility of the application 5. Troubleshooting, Installation and configuring the software Disadvantages: 1. Security 2. Dependency 3. Cost 4. Decreased flexibility 5. Knowledge 6. Integration

Future Scope:
With iCloud, iOS devices can back themselves up to the cloud automatically, so youll be able to restore them at any time if things go wrong, without losing any data. From the Manage Storage interface you can see how many devices youve configured to work with iCloud Backup, see what services and apps are consuming space (like Mail) and, again, buy more storage. iCloud may not be a big hard disk in the sky, but Apple knows that theres no cloud without storage. Thats why iCloud comes with a free 5 GB plan for all users and additional pricing plans to purchase more storage. iCloud comes with Photo Stream, a new feature to store your most recent 1,000 photos in the cloud and have them available all the time on all your devices.

Conclusion
iCloud gives you access to all your music, photos, and documents and more without you having to think about file transfers via USB or a manual wireless sync. iCloud is a set of online services that ultimately wants to eliminate the need of a central repository the digital hub from where users were forced to start moving content onto other devices, like iPods and iPhone. iCloud permeates every aspect of the operating system and its built into the apps you use every day. If you create or edit bookmarks on Safari for Mac, changes will appear on Safari for iOS; when you add a page to the new Reading List, that page will be instantly pushed to all your devices Safari browser. Cloud computing has enabled teams and organizations to streamline lengthy procurement processes. Cloud computing enables innovation by alleviating the need of innovators to find resources to develop, test, and make their innovations available to the user community. Innovators are free to focus on the innovation rather than the logistics of finding and managing resources that enable the innovation.

References

1. "Press Info Apple Introduces iCloud". Apple. June 6, 2011. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/06/06icloud.html. Retrieved August 30, 2011. 2. "Switched On: Apple's cloud conundrum.Engadget. June 13, 2011. http://www.engadget.com/2011/06/12/switched-on-apples-cloud-conundrum. Retrieved June 13, 2011. 3. "Fourth time's a charm? Why Apple has trouble with cloud computing". ArsTechnica.June8,2011. 4. http://arstechnica.com/apple/news/2011/06/fourth-times-a-charm-why-icloud-faceslong-odds.ars. Retrieved June 13, 2011. 5. "4th Time a Charm for Apple? From iDisk to Mac and Mobile Me to iCloud".