K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV: X¿MDM¡NBXV

XmdmnbXv:
knZv kAv^ kzmZnJv
a@ea@
Zag
b@@
Web edition by:
1431 2012
]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw
XmfpIfn
hnjbw:
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apJhpc:
PohnXw Hcp ]coWw.
acWw
acWw \nivNnX kabv
acWn \nv Bpw cbn
FtmgmsWv Bpadnbn
acWs B{KlnmXncnpI:
apkvenambn acnphm {]mnpI:
\ ]cyhkm\w:
hnizmknbpsS acWw:
AhnizmknbpsS acWw:
IpI BXvamhns\ ]nXpScpp:
P\mk thKw sImv t]mhpI:
_kJv
Iz_ ]ctemIs {]Ya hoSv:
J_dnSw \Ip ]mTw:
J_ inbpw, A\p{Klfpw:
J_ inv ]m{XamIp Imcy:
J_ ki\hpw, Dtihpw
J_ inbn \
- npw c tXSpI:
J_dnse tNmZy:
Ahkm\ \mfns \ma:
t]Pv
\
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Ahkm\ \mfns kabw:

kqsd Imlfn DuX:
cmaXpw DuXpp:
NpcppIbpw, ]nSnpIbpw sNpp:
s]mSns]mSnbmpp:
InsSpp:
kqcy ASppp:
]p\PohnXw:
]p\PohnXw bmYmyw:
\ntj[w Ahnizmkw:
BZyambn ]p\PohnnsSpXv:
Fmw t\cntSXv Hv:
t]SnsSpp cwKw:
kXy\ntj[nIfpsS AhkvY:
tJZ {]IS\w:
DuaIfpw, _[nccpw,apJw Ipnbhcpambn
tZmjnI:
Amlp kwkmcnm hn`mKw:
Fmw \jvSsh:
apJofpsS AhkvY:
Amlphns XW e`nph:
i^mAv:
hnNmcWbpw, {]Xnêw \Iepw:
tNmZyw sNsSp Imcy
hnNmcWv BZyambn hnt[bamIp
Iw:
tcJI hnXcWw \Spp:
Xpemkv:
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lufv:
]mew:
JXzd:
\cIw:
\cInse \nXyhmknI
\cI {]thi\n\v ImcWamIp
]m]
hnimeamb A\p{Klntev aSpI
kzw
acWs h[npp
kz ktmj hmbdnbns
]p t]
kz{]thi\w km[yamhp I
372
381
387
436
438
439
apJhpc:
Cu {]]n\v Hcp {kmhpv. {]]
sbpw, AXnep apgph {knIfpsSbpw {k
mhmWh. Ah Hcph\mWv. Ah Xsbm
Wv apgph krnIsfbpw {knpXpw, kwc
npXpw, ]cn]menv sImncnpXpw. A
hs A[nI krnItfmfpw t{icmWv a\p
jy.a\pjy\v ]e khntijXIfpw,t{iXIfpw
Ah \Inbncnpp. AXn hfsc {][m\
s HmWv Imcysf hnthNndnbphm\p
khntij _pnsbpXv.AXpsImv Xs a
\pjy\v AXp]tbmKsSpn DX\mhm\pw, A
Xpt]mse arKtfm A[a\mhm\pw Ah\v
km[npXmWv.AXvsImv Xs a\pjy sN
t \I GsXmamWv, sNphm ]mSnm
XnI GsXmamsWv Xocpam\nphm
a\pjys\ krn, a\pjys\ ]cn]qWambn A
dnbph\v am{Xsa IgnbpIbpq. Amsbn
apgph a\pjypw tbmPnp \nba \nam
Ww \Sphm Ignbn. ImcWw krnIsf ]
cn]qWambn Adnbph\v am{Xsa Ime tZi `m
j hyXymkXoXamb \nba \nWbw \S
phm km[npIbpq. B \nba \namWam
Wv Amlp ImemImefn hyXykvX tZi

fntev Ab {]hmNImcneqsSbpw, Ahv
\Inb thZ{KfneqsSbpw sNbvXXv. An
s\ apgph tZifntepw {kmhv ssZh ZqX
msc \ntbmKnpIbpw, Ahcn Nne ZqXm
v thZ{K \IpIbpw sNbvXp. {]hmN
IiywJebnse Ahkm\s Inbpw Cu tem
Itv \ntbmKnXcmhpIbpw, hnS ]dbpIbpw
sNbvXp. Ahkm\s {]hmNI\mWv aplZv
(), Ahkm\s thZ{KamWv hnipJpB
. temIhkm\w hscbp apgph a\pjycpw
PohntXv Cu cv {]amWv hnt[bam
bnmWv. Cu {]amWfneqsS ISv t]mIp H
cmpw Xs ]ctemI hnizmks \ntj[n
phm km[ya. hnipJpB\ns aqnsem
v Xs Cu Imcys kw_nmWv P\
sf t_m[ysSppXv. {]hmNI()bpsS Po
hnXnse H\h[n hN\sfbpw CXv kXys
SppIbpw hniZoIcnpIbpw sNppv.
Ahkm\ \m sImv hnhnpXv
sFlnI PohnXn\v hncmaanv ]mc{XnI PohnX
n\v XpSw IpdnpsImp acWtmsS _
kJnbmb PnhnXn\v Bcw`w Ipdnppsh
pw, Ahkm\ \m kw`hnXn\v tijw ]p\cp
PPohnnpIbpw, XpSv alvidbn apgph
a\pjyscbpw Hcpanv IqpIbpw, kznte

tm, \cIntetm P\sf {]thinnphm
\p hnNmcW \SpIbpw sNpw Fpap
hnizmkamIpp CXv. Ahkm\ \mfnep hnizm
kw hnizmk Imcyfn s]XmWv, HcmfpsS hn
izmkw CXv IqSmsX ]qnbmhpIbn. Bsc
nepw AXv \ntj[nm Ah Ahnizmknbm
bn. Amlp ]dbpp:

( : ( )
)
Fm Amlphnepw AyZn\nepw hniz

knphmIpp ]pWyw (A _Jd: 177)
Pn_vco()s lZokn \_n() ]dp.

( ( )
(hnizmksav ]dm Amlphnepw, Ahs

aepIfnepw, InXm_pIfnepw, ZqXmcnepw, A
y \mfnepw, \bpw Xnbpw Ahs \nb
nsXmsWpapXmIpp) (apkvenw).
]ctemI hnizmkns `mKamWv Ah
km\ \mfnep hnizmkw,Cu hnizmkn s]
XmWv \_n() \apv AdnbnvX AXns A
Sbmffnepw hnizknpI FXv. Cu ASbmf

sf {][m\ambpw sNdnb ASbmf, henb
ASbmf cmbn XcwXncnncnpp. Ah h
fsc kwn]vXambn kqNnnpIbmWv ChnsS.
sNdnb ASbmf:
CXv Ahkm\ \m ASpncnppshv
kqNnnpp, sNdnb ASbm [mcmfapv,
AXn Ipsd kw`hnv Ignp C\n IqSpX
kw`hnphm\papv.
aplZv \_n()bpsS BKa\w, Aam\
pI ]mgm,]nI tamSn]Snnepw A
Xn akcnepw, henb henb Db sInS
Dm, PqXmtcmSv bpw sNepw A
hsc h[nepw, Imew Npcpn hc, tPmen Ip
dv hc, Ipg {]ISamh, sIme h
n, sXmSnhpw hy`nNmchpw A[nIcn
Fnh AXn s]XmIpp.

( : ( )
)
(B (Ay) kabw ASpp, N{ ]nfcpIbpw

sNbvXp) (Ja : 1)
henb ASbmf:
CXv Ahkm\ \mfnt\mSSpv kw`hnp
XmWv, Ahkm\\m XpSnsbv kqNnnp
cq]nemWnh hcpI, Ah ]v ASbmfam

Ipp, CXn Hpw Xs kw`hnnn.
alvZn Camans BKa\w, ZPPm ]pdsS
, BImin \nv Cukm() Cdn hcnI
bpw Ipcniv XpSpIbpw, ZPPmens\bpw, ]n
tbbpw sImpIbpw, CkvemanI icoA\pk
cnv `cWw \SpIbpw sNpI. bAvPqPv, aAv
PqPv {]ISamIpIbpw AhsXncn {]mnv
Ah acWsSpIbpw sNpI,aqv {KlW
_m[npI,AXv Ingnepw, ]Snmdnepw Hmtcm
pw, Atd_y D]Zzo]n HpamIpp,]pI ]p
dsS,(AXv P\sf BhcWw sNpIbpw A
cpamp `bcamb Hcp ]pI BImin
\nv ]pdsSpI), `qanbn \nv BIminte
v hnip JpB\ns\ Db, kqcy Akv
Xab kYm\v \nv DZn, Zmns (hn
Nn{X Pohn) ]pdsS FnhbmIpp, P\sf
imantev sXfnv sImvt]mIp `bcamb H
cp Xo ba\nse GZ\n \npw ]pdsS (CXv
Bbncnpw Ghpw Ahkm\s ASbmfw).
10
( ( )

lpssZ^Xv_v\p DsskZv_v\p K^mcn()hn \n

v: (R ]ckv]cw N sNbvXv sImncn
ptm \_n() Rfntev ISv hp, A
tm tNmZnp \n FmIpp N sNp
Xv? Atm Ah ]dp R Ahkm\
\mfns\ kw_nv N sNpIbmWv, Atm
\_n() ]dp, AXv ]v ASbmfw ImW
sSmsX kw`hnpIbn, Fnv ]dp .. ]pI
(]pdsS), ZPPm, Zmv (hnNn{X Pohn) kq
cy ]Snmdv \nv DZn, abans ]p{X
Cukm()s Cdn hc,bAvPqPv aAvPqPv ]p
dsS, aqv {KlW _m[npp, AXv In
gnepw, ]Snmdnepw Hmtcmpw, Atd_y D
]Zzo]n HpamIpp, alvidntev (Hcpanv Iq
p ew) BntbmSnp Hcp Xo ba\n \n
v ]pdsSemIpp AXn Ahkm\tXv) (ap
kvenw)
11
" :
( ) ."
\_n() ]dp: (Fs kapZmbn Ahkm

\ambn alvZn Camw ]pdsSpp, Atln\v A
mlp ag hjnnv sImSppp, Ans\ `qan
AXns kky eXmZnIsf ]pdv sImp hcp
p, AXneqsS Ahv \ kv e`npp,
\mImenI hnpp,kapZmbw alXzsSp
p, Ans\ Gtgm, Ftm Pohnpp) (AXmb
Xv Rm DtinXv hjamIpp). lmInw Xs
apkvXZdn DcnXv)
Hcp amebnse apv aWnI {IaoIcnXv
t]mse Cu ASbmf XpSsc XpSscbmbn h
cpp.Hv shfnhmbm asmv AXns\ ]n Xp
Scpp.Cu ASbmfsfmw {]ISambn Ignm
Amlphns A\paXn {]Imcw Ahkm\ \m
kw`hnpp.
Ahkm\ \m sImv DtinpXv: A
mlphns I]\bpw, A\paXntbmSpw IqSn P
\sf AhcpsS J_dpIfn \nv hnNmcW
sNphm thn Dbsgvtnpp., A
hcn ku`mKyhmamv \bpw, Zu`mKyhm
amv inbpw e`npp.
12

(

)
(AXmbXv Ah Hcp \mpdnbpsS t\sc [yXn
sv t]mIpXv t]mse J_vdpIfn \nv [rXn

bn ]pdsv t]mIp Znhkw) (aBcnPv: 43)
Ahkm\ \m kw`hnv Ignm ]no
Sv _kJo PohnXw, hnNmcW, tcJI ssIamd
, kzndmv ]mew, kzK \cI {]thi\w, kz
Kob A\p{Kl, \cIinI XpSnb Im
cy hniZambn JpB\pw, Xncp \_nbpsS
kppa\pkcnv hniZamphm\mWv B{Kln
pXv.
hfsc Kl\mb Hcp hnjbamWv ]ctemI
s kw_np hnhcW. Adnhns ]
cnanXnbpw, `mjbpsS ]cnanXnbpw \nv Cu
sImp IrXnbn ImWphm km[npsaXv Xo
bmWv.h A]mIXIfpw apw ImWpIbmsW
n ktlmZc _pym DWWsav Adnbn
pIbmWv.
PohnXw Hcp ]coWw.

Amlphns A[nI krnItfmfpw D
acmWv a\pjy. a\pjy Cu temIv Ah
\nsSp cq]ne PohntXv, adnv A
hs\ krnv ]cn]menp ]S Xpcms \n
ba\nti\pkcnmWv PohntXv. A
XvsImv Xs a\pjy\v kmKhpw ZpamK
13
hpw XncsSpphm\p kzmX{yw \IpI

bpmbn. Amlphns \nbav hnt[b\m
bn kmKw XncsSpphm\pw, Ahs \nb
a AhKWnv sImv Xmtmnbmbn Pohn
phm\pw a\pjy\v km[npw. AXpsImmWv
Amlp Cu PohnXw Hcp ]coWamsWv ]d
bphm ImcWw. a\pjycn BcmWv \I
sNpXv, BcmWv XnI sNpXv Fv ]
conpIbmWv \apv Cu PohnXw XXneq
sS Amlp DtinpXv. AXmWv Amlp ]
dbpXv.

( : ( )
(\nfn BcmWv IqSpX \mbn {]hn
ph Fv ]conphm thn acWhpw

PohnXhpw krjvSnh\mIpp Ah. Ah {]
Xm]nbpw Gsd s]mdpp h\pamIpp) (ap
Iv:2)
ChnsS \mbn {]hnpI FXvsIm
ptinpXv Amlphns JpB\pw, {]hm
NI()bpsS Ncybpa\pkcnv PohnpI F
XmWv.
Ddw.
14
CltemI PohnXw kpJ Zp:J kn{iam

Wv. AXvsImv Xs a\pjy tPmen sNbvtXm
AmsXtbm oWnp Ahkcn Ah\v
hn{iaw BhiyamWv. Cu hn{iaw ]cn]qWambn
e`npXv Amlp a\pjyv A\p{Klnv \
Inb DdneqsSbmWv. DdsaXv F{X h
enb A\p{KlamWv. Hcp Znhkw hfsc oWnn
v Bizmkn\v thn kpJ kpcambn Ddp
hm hncnn {]thinnv Ddw hcmXncnp
tmgmWv Ddsa A\p{Kls \apv icn
pw hneaXnm\mhpIbpq. Dds Am
lp ]cnNbsSppXv Hcp sNdnb acWs
t]msebmWv. AXmWv Amlp ]dbpXv:

( :( )
(BXvamhpIsfAhbpsS acWthfbn Amlp
]qambn GsSppp. acWsSmhsb A

hbpsS Ddnepw. Fnv GsXms BXvam
hn\v Ah acWw hn[nncnppthm Ahsb
Ah ]nSnp shbvpp. aphsb \nivNnX
amb Hcp Ah[nhsc Ah hnbpIbpw sN
pp. Xobmbpw AXn Nnnp P\
v ZrjvSmfpv) (kpa:32).
15
kpJkpcambn Ddph\v Xs Npp`m

Kp Hpw Xs ImWphmt\m, Adnbphm
t\m A\p`hnphmt\m km[ya. CXpt]msebm
Wv acWw. Ddw Hcp sNdnb acWambXvsImv
Xs Ddphm InSptm \n k
temI cnXmhmb Amlphnt\mSv {]mn
Wsav {]hmNI() \s ]Tnnpp:
Aw: cnXmsh, \ns \man Fs ]m

izs Rm shpp, \nntev Rm\Xns\
DbpIbpw sNpp, \o AXns\ ]nSnsSp
pIbmsWn AXnt\mSv \o ImcpWyw ImWn
tWta, \o AXns\ hopw AbpIbmsW
n \ns kZvhrcmb ASnaIsf kwcnp
Xv t]mse AXns\bpw kwcntWta) (_p
Jmcn)
AXpt]mse Hcm Ddn \nv DWm
epw Amlphns\ kvacntXpv.{]hmNI Xn
cpta\n() ]Tnnpp:

: :

16
lpssZ^Xp bam() ]dbpp: ({]hmNI Xn

cpta\n() Ddphm\mbn hncnn {]thinm
]dbmdpmbncpp (Amlpsh, \ns \man
Rm acnpIbpw PohnpIbpw sNpp) D
dn \nv Fgptm (acWn\v tijw R
sf Pohnn Amlphn\mWv k kvXpXn
bpw.Ah\ntev XsbmWv aShpw) Fpw ]
dbmdpmbncpp. (_pJmcn)
CsXmw kqNnnpXv DdsaXv Hcp
sNdnb acWamWv FmWv. F{X\m Ddnbm
epw icn, F{XbmWv Xm DdnbXv Fv Hcm
pw hyambn ]dbphm km[ya. AXmWv
KplmhmknIfpsS kw`hw \s ]TnnpXv.

( : ( )
"A{]Imcw(Ah At\ym\yw tNmZyw \Sphm

Xhw (\mw Ahsc Fgpt]np. Ah
cn Hcm tNmZnp: \nsf{X Imew (Kplbn
) IgnpIqn? aph ]dp: \mw Hcp Znh
ktam Hcp Znhkns A]`mKtam IgnpIq
nbncnpw. apNne ]dp: \nfpsS cnXm
17
hmIpp \n IgnpIqnbXns\n icnbmbn

Adnbph. Fm \nfn Hcmsf \nfp
sS Cu shn\mWbhpw sImv ]Wntev
AbpI. AhnsS BcpsS ]emWv Ghpw \
`WapXv Fv t\mnbnv AhnsS \nv
\nv Ah h Blmchpw sImp hcs.
Ah IcpXtemsS s]cpamds. \nsfn Ah
bmsXmcmsfbpw AdnbnmXncns' (AI
lv^v: 19).
Ddn \nv Fgpt B bphm
Ah Xmakn Imes kw_nv ]d
Xv Hcp Znhktam, Asn A] Znhktam F
mWv. Fm Amlp ]dbpXv apqdv hj
amWv Ah DdnbXv FmWv. X Pohnn
cp Imehpw, tZihpw, cmPmhpw, {]IrXhpw, F
nt\sd D]tbmKnncp \mWbw t]mepw amdn
bnpmbncpp. AsXmpw Xs B Kplbn
Ddnb bphm Adnn. AXmWv JpB
\s ]TnnpXv. Ah Ddnb kabw A
mlp hyambn JpB\n ]dbpp:
()

( - : ( )
18
"Ah AhcpsS Kplbn apqdv hjw Xmakn

p. Ah HXp hjw IqSpXempIbpw sNbv
Xp.\o ]dbpI: Ah XmaknXns\n Amlp
\hw Adnbph\mIpp. BImifnse
bpw `qanbnsebpw AZriyPvRm\w AhmWp
Xv. Ah F{X ImgvNbph. F{X tIhnbp
h! Ahp ]pdsa Ahv (a\pjyv) bm
sXmcp cm[nImcnbpan. Xs Xocpam\m[nImc
n bmsXmcmsfbpw Ah ]p tNpIbp
an.' (AIlv^v: 25,26).
acWw
Cu temIv P\nnp apgph\mfpIfpw
acnpXmWv. \psS apKmanIfmbncp ]u
cmWnIcmb apgph\mfpIfpw Cu temIv \nv
acnv t]mbn, Cv Pohnphv Amlp \
Inb Bbpv Ignm Ahcpw acnpw, tem
Iv C\n P\nphm\phcpw AhcpsS Ah[n
FtmgmWv hspXv Atm Ahcpw acn
pw, Bpw Xs acWsa bmYmyn
\nv cbn. B ]bmb bmYmyn
\nv csSphm Fmhcpw B{Klnpp,F
m AXn \nv Bpw cbn. acWsa
AewL\obamb bmYmyn \nv a\p
jysc csSpphm imkv{Xnt\m, k
nt\m, m\am\tm km[ya. acWn
19
\nv csSphm km[nncppshn {]

hmNImv km[ntnbncpp.Fm Ah
cpw acWns cpNn AdnhcmIpp. Hmtcm
cm{Xnbnepw sNdnb cq]nep acWsbmWv
Ddph A`napJoIcnpXv. Amlp ]dbp
Xv ImWpI:
( :)
(Ah\s{X cm{Xnbn (Ddptm) \nsf ]q
ambn GsSpph. ]Ien \n {]h

nsXmw Ah AdnbpIbpw sNpp. ]n
oSv \nWnXamb PohnXmh[n ]qnbms
Sphm thn ]Ien \nsf Ah Fgpt
]npp. ]noSv AhtemWv \nfpsS aS
w. A\cw \n sNbvXv sImncnpXn
s\nsbmw Ah \nsf AdnbnpIbpw
sNpw) (ABw:60).
Hmtcm a\pjycpw acWsa cpNn BkzZn
pI Xs sNpXmWv. Ans\ acWn\v
tijw Ahs Iv ]cn]qWamb {]Xn
êw \IpXmWv. AXmWv Amlp ]dbp
Xv:
20

:(
(GsXmcp tZlhpw acWw BkzZnpXmWv. \n
fpsS {]Xnê Dbnsgpt]ns \m

fn am{Xta \nv ]qambn \IsSpI
bpq. Atm B \cIn \nv AIn \n
sSpIbpw kzKn {]thinnsSpI
bpw sNppthm Ah\mWv hnPbw t\SpXv.
sFlnIPohnXw I_fnnp Hcp hn`hamsX
asmpa) (BepCwdm: 185).

()
( :)
(Hmtcm hyIvXnbpw acWw BkzZnpIXs sN
pw. Hcp ]coWw F \nebn Xna \In

smpw \a \Insmpw \nsf \mw ]
cntim[npXmWv.\psS ASptv Xs \n
aSsSpIbpw sNpw) (A_nbm:35).

( :) ( )
(GsXmcmfpw acWs BkzZnpXmWv. ]n
oSv \psS ASptev Xs \n aS

sSpIbpw sNpw) (AI_qv:57).
temItv Amlphns aXw {]t_m[
\w sNphm\mbn Amlp A\p{Klnv ]d
21
bnp {]hmNImcpw acnpXmWv. Ahkm

\ {]hmNI aplZv()kbpw acnpXmsW
v Amlp ]dbpp:

(:) ( )
(Xobmbpw \o acnph\mIpp. Ahcpw a

cnphcmIpp.) (kpa:30).
P\nh apgph\pw acnpw, Hcmpw X

s Cu `qanbn imizXambn Pohnphm km
[ya. JpB ]dbpp:
(
)
(:)
((\_ntb,) \n\v apv Hcp a\pjypw \mw A
\izcX \Inbnn. Fncns \o acnsn

Ah \nXyPohnIfmbncnptam?)(A_nbm: 34).

( ( )

C_v\p Amkv()hn \nv; {]hmNI() ]

dbmdpmbncpp, Bcm[\l\mbn \obm
sX amcpanm, Hcnepw acnm \ns {]
Xm]w sImv Rm icWw tXSpp. PnpIfpw,
a\pjycpw acnphcmIpp) (_pJmcn).
22
acWw \nivNnX kabv

Hmtcm a\pjy\pw Amlp \nnX Ah[n
\Inbnpv. AXpt]mse Hmtcm kapZmbn
\pw Amlp \nbn Ah[nbpv. AXv B k
abv Xs kw`hnpXmWv. AXn \nv H
pw apnnpItbm, ]nnnpItbm sNn.
Amlp \nbn B kabv Xs kw`hn
pXmWv. AXmWv Amlp ]dbpXv:
(: ( )
)
(Amlphns Dch\pkcnmsX Hcmpw
acnms\mpIbn. Ah[n Ipdns Hcp hn

[nbmWXv.) (BepCwdm: 145).

)
(

( :)
(Hmtcm kapZmbn\pw Hmtcm Ah[nbpv. A
s\ AhcpsS Ah[n hsnbm Ah H

cp \mgnI t\cw t]mepw sshInpItbm, t\c
s BpItbm C) (AAvdm^v:34).
(
)

(:)
(Hcmpw AbmfpsS Ah[n hsnbm A
mlp \onsImSppItb C. Amlp \n
23
{]hnpXns\n kqvaambn Adnbph

\mIpp) (ap\m^nJq:11).

( :( )
)
(\mw \nnSbn acWw IWmnbncnp

p. \mw Hcnepw tXm]nsSph\.) (hm
JnAx 60)
Amlphns Xocpam\a\pkcnv Ah D
chmZsSpnb aepIfmWv a\pjycpsS B
Xvamhv ]nSnpXv. Amlp ]dbpp:
( : ( )

(Ah\s{X Xs ZmkamcpsS ta ]cam[nImc
aph. \nfpsS tat\mn\mbn Ah

Imhmsc AbpIbpw sNpp. As\
Ahcn Hcmv acWw hsptm \p
sS ZqXam (aepI) Ahs\ ]qambn G
sSppp. (Amcyn) Ah Hcp hogvNbpw
hcppIbn) (ABw:61).
acWn \nv Bpw cbn

Amlp \nbn acWn \nv B
pw Xs HmSn csSphm km[ya. Fmh
cpw B AewL\obamb hn[nv IosgmXpp
XmWv. acWn \nv csSphm\mbn `{Zam
bn sInbpmnb tImIfn A`bw {]m]nm
24
epw, F{Xam{Xw kpc kzoIcnmepw icn acW

n \nv Bpw cbn. AXmWv Amlp
a\pjysc HmsSppXv:
)

( : ( )
(\_ntb,) ]dbpI: Xobmbpw GsXmcp acW
n \nv \n HmSn AIeppthm AXv Xo

bmbpw \nfpambn IpappXmWv. ]noSv
AZriyhpw,Zriyhpw Adnbphs ASptev
\n aSsSpIbpw sNpw. Atm \n
{]hnpsImncnpXns\ ]n Ah \n
sf hnhcadnbnpXmWv) (PpapAx8)

(:( )

)
(\n FhnsSbmbncpmepw acWw \nsf ]n
SnIqSpXmWv. \n `{Zambn sIn Dbs

tImIpnembm t]mepw.) (\nkmAv:78)
FtmgmsWv Bpadnbn
Amlp Hcmv \nbn acWw GXv k
abv hcpsav Bpw Xs Xocpam\nphm
t\m, a\knemphmt\m km[ya. Fns\ acn
Ww, FhnsS shv acnWw, Ftm acn
Wsav Amlp Xocpan\nnpv. AXv B ka
bv Amlp Dtin cq]n Ah \nbn
25
ev shv \SpXmWv.HcmfpsS BXvam

hv C ev shv ]nSnWsav Amlp Xo
cpam\nv Ignm Ah B ev Fp
Ibpw AhnsS shv Ahs BXvamhns\ ]nSnIq
SpIbpw sNpXmWv. ]t AXv Amlphn\v
am{Xsa AdnbpIbpq. AXmWv Amlp ]dbp
Xv:

( :( )
(Xobmbpw Amlphns ]emWv Ayka
bsnbp Adnhv. Ah ags]npp. K

`mibnepXv Ah AdnbpIbpw sNpp.
\msf XmFmWv {]hnpI Fv Hcmfpw
AdnbpIbn. Xm GXv \mn shmWv acnp
I Fpw Hcmfpw AdnbpIbn. Xobmbpw A
mlp kPvR\pw kqvaPvRm\nbpamIpp)
(epJvam: 34).
acWs HmpI.
Hmtcm a\pjycntepw WnsSmsX I
Sv hcp acWs kw_nv Ftmgpw Hm
v sImncntXpv. acWs HmpXn
eqsS Xm Xs PohnXn \bmWv sNt
26
sX t_m[apmpp. acWsaXv Fm
BkzmZ\sfbpw apdnv Ifbp HmIpp.
AXmWv {]hmNI() \s t_m[ysSpp
Xv.

( ( )

A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv {]hmNI() ]dbp

Ibpmbn: (BkzmZ\sf apdnpIfbpXns\
kw_np Hmasb A[nIcnnpI, AXm
bXv acWs) (XnanZn, C_v\pamP, \kmC)
XncsSpphm Ahkcw:
Amlphns CZmkmcmbn temIt
v ]dbsSp {]hmNImv acWs
bpw, PohnXsbpw XncsSpphm\p kzm
X{yw \Inbncnpp. CXv Amlp {]hmNI
amv am{Xw \Inb almb A\p{Klam
Ipp.AXn\v At\Iw sXfnhpI \apv ImWm
\mhpw. Hcp lZokv {inpI:
27
( ( )

Bbni() ]dbpp: {]hmNI() ]dbmdpm

bncpp:(kzKn Xs m\w ImWnv sIm
SpmsX Hcp {]hmNIs\bpw Amlp Xncnv hn
fnnn, ]noSv Ahv ({]hmNImv) Xnc
sSpphm\p kzmX{yw \Ipp. {]hmN
I() tcmKnbmhpIbpw,acWw Bkambn B
bnim()bpsS aSnn Xe Nmbv k`n
Xncpta\nv t_m[bapmbn. t_m[w sX
fntm taIqcbntev IpI ]pdv
Xnb cq]n t\mnsImv ]dbpIbpm
bn: (Amlpsh, DXcmb IqpImcpsSbSpt
v) (_pJmcn).
aqkm\_nbpsS PohnXn BXvamhns\
]nSnphm h aepambn kw`hn Imcy
fn \npw \apv a\knemphm IgnbpXv
{]hmNImcpsS acW kabw XncsSpphm
Ahv Ahkcw \InbncnppshmWv.
acWs B{KlnmXncnpI:
Hmtcm a\pjytcmSpw Ckvemw ]dbpXv \n
Hcnepw acWs B{KlncpXv Fm
28
Wv. Amlphn \np h ]coWhpw A

`napJoIcntn hcnIbmsWn AXn a
bhew_npIbmWv Hmtcm kXyhnizmknIfpw
sNtXv. AXmsX hv t]mb kw`hfn
tJZnpIbpw, \ncmisSpIbpw sNbvXv sImv
Amlp \Inb almb PohnXs Hcn
epw \innphm ]mSn. acnv Innbncpsn
Fv B{Klnphmt\m, AXn\vthn {]m
nphmt\m ]mSn. bmsXmcp {]Xobpanm
amcI tcmKm ]consh t]mepw
acWs B{Klnphm ]mSn. adnv acWam
Wv F\nv Dasan Fs acnnpIbpw,
AX, PohnXamWv F\nv Dasan Fs
PohnnpIbpw sNtWta FmWv ]dtb
Xv. {]hmNI() ]dbpp:

( ( )

A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv \nthZ\w: {]hmNI

()bn \nv: \nfn Bcpw Xs acWw h
spXn\v apv acWs B{KlncpXv. \n
fn \nv Bscnepw acWsSpIbmsWn
Ahs Isfmw apdnv t]mIpp, Hcp
29
kXyhnizmknv Ahs Bbpv \bmsX h

nnpIbn) (_pJmcn)
( ( )

A\kv_v\p amenIv()hn \nv {]hmNI()

]dp:(\nfmcpw \nsf _m[n D]{Zhw Im
cWw acWs B{KlncpXv, Ans\ \n
v sNtn hcnIbmsWn \n C
s\ ]dbpI: (Amlpsh, F\nv PohnXamWv D
asan Fs PohnntWta, AX, F\n
v acWamsWn Fs acnntWta) (_p
Jmcn).
acWn\v klnm Ignbm thZ\bpv:

Amlp Hmtcm a\pjy\pw acWw \nbn
npv. Ans\ acWthfbn Hmtcm a\pjy
\pw AXns thZ\ A\p`hnpIbpw sNp
XmWv. AXn \nv Bpw csSphm km
[ya. AXv klnphm IgnbpXne[nIambn
cnpXmWv. AXntemWv IzpB kqN\ \
IpXv.

( : ( )
30
(acWsh{]mfw bmYmXvYyhpw sImv hcpXm
Wv. Fsmn \nv \o Hgnv amdnsImncn

ppthm AXs{X CXv) (Jm^v:19).
Cu temIw I Ghpw \ a\pjy\mb
aplZv() hsc acW thfbn acW thZ\ A
\p`hnnpsv \s Bbnim()]Tnnpp.
Xmsg hcp lZokv {inpI:

( ( )

Bbnim() ]dbpp: {]hmNI()bpsS ASp

v Hcp tXm]m{X (Asn Hcp sNdnb ]m
{Xw Dadn\v kwibapmbn)n A]w sh
apmbncpp. AXntev ssI {]thinnv AXv
sImv apJw XShnbncpp.Fnv Amlphm
sX Bcm[\l\mbn amcpanspw, Xn
bmbpw acWn\v klnphm Ignbm thZ
\bpsv ]dbpIbpw sNbvXncpp. XpSv X
s ssI BImitv Dbn Amlpsh D
Xcmb IqpImcpsS ASptv Fv ]dbpI
31
bpw sNbvXp. Ans\ {]hmNI() acnpI

bpw, ssI Xms\ XmgpIbpw sNbvXp) (_pJmcn)
apkvenambn acnphm {]mnpI:

apkvenambn PohnpIbpw,AXn\vthn ]
WnsbSppIbpw sNph apkvenambn Xs
acnphm\mbn Amlphnt\mSv {]mnt
Xpv. \n apkvenambnmsX acncpsXv
Amlp \s IzpB\neqsS DWppv.

(
)
(:)
(kXyhnizmknItf, \n Amlpsh kqn
t apd{]Imcw kqnpI. \n apkvenw

IfmbnsmmsX acnm\nSbmIcpXv.) (Bep
Cwdm: 102).
Amlphns DXmcmb {]hmNIm
t]mepw apkvenambn Xsf acnntWtasbv
{]mnpXmbn JpB \s ]Tnnpp.
]m] kpcnXcmb, Amlphns {]hmNIcmb
Dacmb ssZhnI ZqXm hsc Cs\ {]m
nncpsn \mw F{Xam{Xw Ans\ {]m
ntXpv.Amlp ]dbpXv \mw ImWpI:
32

)

(

( :)
((bqkp^v {]mXvYnp:) Fs cnXmth, \o F

\nv `cWm[nImcn \nv (Hcwiw) \IpI
bpw, kz]v\hmIfpsS hymJym\n \npw

(NneXv) \o F\nv ]Tnnp XcnIbpw sNbvXncn
pp. BImifpsSbpw `qanbpsSbpw {kjvSm
th, \o Clnepw ]cnepw Fs cm[nIm
cnbmIpp. \o Fs apkvenambn acnnpIbpw
k\fpsS Iqn tNpIbpw sNt
Wta) (bqkp^v:101).
{]hmNIm XfpsS {]hmNImcmb k
m\tfmSv Ahkm\ambn hkznv sNp
Xmbn JpB \s t_m[ysSppXv \mw
{inpI:
)

(: ( )
(C{_mloapw bAvJq_pw AhcpsS kXnItfm

Sv CXv (IogvhWw) D]tZinpI IqSn sNbvXp.
Fs atf, Amlp \nv Cu aXs hn

injvSambn sXcsSpncnpp. AXn\m
Amlphnv Iogvs]Sphcmbn (apkvenwIfmbn)
33
smmsX \n acnm\nSbmIcpXv. (C
s\bmWv Ah Hmtcmcpcpw D]tZinXv) (A
_Jd:132)
\ ]cyhkm\w:
a\pjy sNp IfpsS kzoImcy
Xbpw {]Xnêw e`npXpw IfpsS ]cy
hkm\s B{ibnncnpp. Hcm Xs B
bpv apgph\pw sXmSnbmbn PohnpIbpw, Po
hnXns Ahkm\ \mfpIfn Xs krmhn
s\ XncndnbpIbpw, Ah\n hnizknpIbpw,
CkvemanI \nba A\pkcnv PohnpIbpw,
AXn acWsSpIbpw sNbvXm Ah\v e`n
Xv \ ]cyhkm\amWv. Amlp Ahs\ kzK
n {]thinpIbpw sNpXmWv Fv \ap
v {]amW\pkcnv a\knemphm km
[npp.Fm asmcm Xs Bbpns `q
cn`mKhpw kI sNpIbpw Amlphn
s\ Bcm[npIbpw sNpp.Ans\ Xs Po
hnXns Ahkm\n X\nv A`napJoIcn
tn h Hcp {]bmkn anphm I
gnbmsX Ckvemw ]Tnnm cq]nep in
v Ie Imcyw sNbvXm Ah imizX \c
InembncnpXmWv. Ah\Xn \nv tamN
\an. Ah ap]v sNbvX Ismpw
34
Xs {]Xnêw e`npIbpan. AXpsImv X

s \ Amlphnt\mSv Ah \apv \In
b almb A\p{Klamb lnZmbnXs D
dnv \ndpphm\mbn {]mnWw. Amlp
hns dkq Ftmgpw Cu {]m\ {]mnn
cpXmbn \apv ImWmhpXmWv.

( ( )
A\kv()hn \nv {]hmNI() Cs\ A

[nIambn {]mnmdpmbncpp. lrZbsf
amnadnphs\ \ns aXn Fs lrZb
s \o Ddnv \ndptWta, Atm R
tNmZnp: {]hmNIsc, Xmfnepw, Xm sImp
hXnepw R hnizknncns Rfn C
Xv `bsSpItbm? Atm Xncpta\n ]dbpIbp
mbn, AtX, Xobmbpw lrZb DX\pw
{]Xm]hm\pamb Amlphns hncepIfnse c
v hncepInSbnemIpp, Ah (Dtinp
Xv t]mse) AXns\ amnadnpp) (AlvaZv, Xn
anZn)
35
Amlp DtinpXv t]msebmbncnpw

\psSsbmhcpsSbpw ]cyhmkm\w.Hcp lZokn
eqsS Xncpta\n() ]dpp:

(( )
A_qlpssdd()hn \nv {]hmNI() ]d

bpp: Xobmbpw Hcm hfsc Imew kzK
ntesnp I sNpp, ]noSv
\cIntesnp I sImv A
tlns Iv ]cyhkm\anSpp, a
smcm hfscImew \cIntesnp I
sNpIbpw Ahkm\w kzKntev
{]thinnp ItmsS Ahs I
v Ahkm\w IpdnpIbpw sNpp) (apkv
enw)

( ( )

{]hmNI() ]dbpp: (Hcm \cIns I

sNpp, Ah kzKhmknbmIpp, H
36
cm kzKhmknIfpsS I sNpp, F
m Ah \cIhmknbmIpp, Xobmbpw
{]h\ kzoImcyamhpI IfpsS A
)hkm\n\\pkcnmIpp) (_pJmcn

} :

{ / / / ...
/ / / .
Apmlv C_v\pakvDuZv()hn \nv \nthZ

\w: Atlw ]dp: kXyk\pw hniz\p
amb {]hmNI() RtfmSv Acpfn sNbvXncn
pp: (\nfn HmtcmcpcpsSbpw krn \m
]Xv Znhkw Xs amXmhns hbn tcXkvI
Wambn tiJcnsSpp.]noSv A{X Xs Im
ew cbmbpw ]noSv A{XXs Imew amw
37
kbmbpw! ]noSv AXntev Hcp aev \n

tbmKnsSpp.AXv, AXn PohssNX\yw Du
Xpp. AXv \mev Imcyv I]nsSpI
bpw sNpp. `Ww, PohnXmh[n, {]h\w,
`mKyhmt\m \n`mKyhmt\m XpSnbh tcJs
SpemWXv. AmlphmWv kXyw! Ah\msX
Hcp Cemlpan.\nfnsemcm kzKmhIminbp
sS {]h\w sNpw. Ans\ Ah\pw kzK
n\panSv Hcpapgta AIeappsh Ah
hcpw. Atm hn[n Ahs\ apISpw. Ah
\cImhIminbpsS Ia A\pjvTnpw.An
s\ AXn {]thinpIbpw sNpw. \nfnsem
cp \cImhIminbpsS {]h\ coXn ]np
Scpw.Ans\ Ah\pw \cIn\panSp Zqcw
Hcp apgw hscbmIpw. Atm hn[n Ahs\ adn
ISpw. Ans\ Ah kzKmhIminbpsS I
a BNcnpw. AXphgn AXn {]thinp
Ibpw sNpw). (_pJmcn)
\Xv hnNmcnv acnpI:

XuloZpsImpIbpw AXn\\pkcnv Po
hnXw NnsSppIbpw sNbvXhv Ftmgpw
kam[m\ambncnpw. ]m] sNbvXh Am
lphnt\mSv ]mXm]nv ]m]n \nv cs
tSXpv. Hcp apkvenw Amlphns\ kw_n
38
v \Xv am{Xsa hnNmcnphm ]mSpq. {]h

\smw Xs Amlp Xs Hcn
epw ssIshSnbnmsb Da t_m[tmsS
bmbncnWw apkvenw PohntXv, {]tXyInv
acW kabv. Hcp lZokv \mw ImWpI:

( ( )
Pm_ndp_v\p Apmlv A Akmcn()hn

\nv: (dkqepmlv() acnpXns aqv Znh
kw apv Cs\ ]dbpXmbn Rm tIp: D
X\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb Amlphns\ kw_n
v \Xv hnNmcnv sImmsX \nfn \nv
Bcpw acncpXv) (apkvenw)

( ( )
A\kv()hn \nv {]hmNI() acWamk

amb bphmhn\Spv {]thinv sImv Atl
tmSv tNmZnpIbpmbn:(Xm Fns\bn
cnpp? Atlw ]dp:{]hmNIsc, Amlp
39
hns\ Ivapphm Rm\m{Klnpp,Fs ]m

]sf kw_nv Rm `bsSpp. Atm
dkqepmlv() ]dbpIbpmbn: Cs\bp
Ahkcn HcmfpsS lrZbn FmtWm
B{KlnpXv AXv Amlp Ah\v \ImXncn
n, Ah `bsSpXn \nv Ah\v \n`b
Xzw \ImXncnpIbpw sNn) (C_v\p amP)
hnizmknbpsS acWw:
acWw cv cq]nepv. Amlphns
\nba \nti A\pkcnv Pohnphv
ktmjIcamb acWhpw, Amlphns\ [ncn
pIbpw, CkvemanI \nba ]menmsX Xm
tmnbmbn Pohnphv hfscb[nIw {]
bmkw \nd acWhpambncnpw A`napJoIcn
tn hcnI. AXv JpB\pw Xncpkppw h
fsc hniZambn hnhcnppv.kXyhnizmknbp
sS acWs kw_nv JpB ]dbpXv {i
npI:

()( )
)
( :( )
( )
(tl; kam[m\aS BXvamth, \o \ns cn
Xmhntev Xr]vXnspsImpw, Xr]vXn e`np

sImpw aSnsmpI. Fnv Fs ASnbm
40
amcpsS Iqn {]thinp sImpI. Fs

kzKn {]thinp sImpI) (^Pv:27(30).
kam[m\nsbpw ktmjnsbpw
hmpI tInv sImmbncnpw aepI
hnizmknIfpsS BXvamhns\ ]nSnpI. AXmWv
JpB ]dbpXv:

)

(: ( )
(AXmbXv, \hcmbncns aepI GsXmcp
IqcpsS PohnXw Ahkm\nnppthm Ah

v. Ah (aepI) ]dbpw: \nv kam[m
\w. \n {]hnv sImncpXns êam
bn \n kzKn {]thinv sImpI) (\
lv: 32).

(:) ( )
(Ah Ahs\ Ipapp Znhkw Ahp
A`nhmZyw kemw Bbncnpw. Ahh am\y

amb {]Xnêw Hcpn shnpv.)(Alvkm_v:44)
( )

( : ( )

"A{]ImcamWv kqvaX ]menphv Am

lp {]Xnêw \IpXv. AXmbXv, \hcmbncn
s aepI GsXmcp IqcpsS PohnXw Ah
41
] )km\nnppthm Ahv.Ah (aepI

dbpw: \nv kam[m\w. \n {]hnv
sImncpXns êambn \n kzKn
{]thinv sImpI' (\lv; 31),32
\_n() Xs XncphN\neqsS hfsc hn
iZambn kXyhnizmknbpsS BXvamhns\ ]nSnp
Xv hniZoIcnppv. AXv Camw AlvaZv Xs
apkv\Zn Dcnnpv. AXv \apv {inmw:
42
) (....(
_dmAv_v\p Bkn_v() ]dbpIbmWv:(Akm

cnIfns] HcmfpsS P\mkbpambn {]hmNIt\m
sSmw Rfpw ]pdsp.J_ Ipgnp e
43
snbtm ]Wn ]qnbmImXv sImv

Xs {]hmNI()bpw Rfpw AhnsS Ccnp
Ibpmbn, Xebn Hcp ]n Ccnptm F
{Xam{Xw kqvaXtbmsS Ccnptam AXpt]mse
\ni:cmbn R Xncpta\nv Nppancpp. Xn
cpta\nbpsS Inepmbncp Hcp Iv sImv
`qanbn HcpsNdnb ASn ASnv Xs Xe Db
nsmv RtfmSmbn ]dp: \n J_
inbn \nv Amlphnt\mSv A`bw tNmZn
pI CXpXs Xncpta\n ctm aqtm {]mh
iyw BhnpIbpmbn. XpSv \_n() ]
dbpIbpmbn: Hcp kXyhnizmknbpsS sFlnI
PohnXns Ayhpw, ]mc{XnI PohnXns
Bcw`hpambn Ignm kqcys\tmse {]tim
`np shfp apJfp amemJam kzKo
b I^ ]pShIfpw, kzKob kpKhpambn X
s Ispw Zqschsc \ndv \nphm\m
bn BImin \npw Cdn hcpp.]noSv a
ep auv hvsImv Ahs XebpsS `m
Kncpv ]dbpp:imaS BXvamsh Am
lphns ]m]tamN\ntepw,Xr]vXnbntepw
Cdn hcnI. Atmtgpw Hcp IqPbn \nv
shw HgpInhcpXv t]mse BXvamhv HgpIn h
cpIbmbn. Ans\ aep auv B BXvam
44
hns\ kzoIcnpIbpw s]sv Xs kzKn

\nv sImv h kpKw ]qinb I^ ]p
Shbn s]mXnbpIbpw sNpp.AXn \nv `q
anbn shthpw ]cnafap IkvXqcntb t]m
se AXn \npw kpKw ASnv hoinsmn
cnpXmWv. Ans\ Ahbpambn hm\temI
tv Ah Ibdnt]mIptm hgnbn ImWp
Hmtcm aepIfpw tNmZnpp, Cu \ BXv
amhv BcpsStSXmWv? ]dbsSpw Chs aI
s BXvamhmsWv. CltemIv shv Ahs\
hnfnncp \ t]sImv Ahs\ Ah A`n
kwt_m[\ sNpp.Ans\ `qantbmSSpv \n
p BImitv Ibdn t]mhpIbpw AXv
Xpdphm\mhiysSpIbpw XpdpIbpw A`nhm
ZyanpIbpw sNpp.Ans\ Hmtcm BIm
intebpw Amlphns kmao]yw knn ae
pI ASp BImintev AXns\ A\p
KanpIbpw, AISn tkhnpIbpw sNpp.
Cu ImcywXs Ggm\mImiw hsc XpSv t]m
Ipp. Atm Amlp hnfnv ]dbpw Fs A
SnabpsS tcJI lnno\n tcJsSppI
bpw, Ahs\ `qanbntev Xs aSpIbpw sN
pI. ImcWw Rm\hsc AhnsS \nmWv krn
Xv. AXntev Xs Rm\hsc aSpIbpw, ]n
oSv Hcn IqSn \mahsc AhnsS \nv ]pd
45
v sImphcnIbpw sNpXmWv.Ans\ A
hs icocntev Xs BXvamhns\ aSp
p.B kabw cv aepI hv sImv Acn
In CcnpIbpw tNmZnpIbpw sNpp.Bcm
Wv \ns cnXmhv? Ah ]dbpp: Fs c
nXmhv AmlphmWv. Ah hopw tNmZnp
p: \ns aXtaXmWv? Ah adp]Sn ]dbpp:
Fs aXw CkvemamIpp.\nfntev \ntbmKn
s Cu a\pjys\ kw_nv \oFv ]dbp
pshv tNmZnpp? Atm Atlw adp]Sn
]dbpp: Atlw Amlphns ZqX\mIpp.A
h cvt]cpw Aht\mSv tNmZnpp:\ns Adn
shmWv? Atlw adp]Sn \Ipp: Rm A
mlphns {Kw hmbnp, AXn Rm hniz
knpIbpw,AXns\ kXysSppIbpw sNbvXp.
Atm BImiv \npw Hcm hnfnv ]dbp
p: Fs ASna kXyw ]dncnpp. BbXn
\m Atln\v kzKn\nv Hcp hncn hn
cnv sImSppI, kzKob DSbmSI [cnnp
I, kzKntev Hcp hmXn Xpdv sImSpp
Ibpw sNpI,Ans\ AXn\nv AXns hm
k\bpw ]cnafhpw hcpIbpw, Ahs J_dns\
Ism Zqctv hnimeampIbpw sNp
p.\mbn hkv{XaWnv kpapJ\mb Hcm ]
cnafw hoin AhntSv ISv hv sImv ]dbp
46
p: ktmjntmfq, B\IcambsXmw Xm
v thn koIcnsncnpp.Xmv
hmKvZw sNs ZnhkamWnXv. Atmgtl
tmSv tNmZnpp: \I sImphcp apJ
apSbhsc XmfmcmWv? Atm Atlw ]dbp
p: Rm\mWv AbpsS kXvI. Atmg
tlw hnfnv ]dbpw: cnXmsh, B Jnbmav
\m Hv thKamnbmepw, F\nss IpSpw_
fntepw, kntepw Xncnp sNv kpJ
ambn Pohnmatm). (AlvaZv)
hfsc ktmjtmsS, B\tmsS {]
bmk clnXambnmWv kXyhnizmknIfpsS acW
hpw, AXn\v tijap Imcy apgph\pw.
(....

()
47
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv {]hmNI() ]d

p:ansbSpv aepI knlnZcmIp
p. kzmenlmb hynbmsWn aepI ]
dbpp:\ icocnepmbncp ]cnipmXvam
hns DSasb \o ]pdv hcnI, kvXpXylamb
cq]n \o ]pdv hcnI, kam[m\hpw, Imcp
Wyhpw sImv ktmjhmbdnbnsncn
pp, cnXmhv tIm]nnn, BXvamhv ]pdv
hcpXv hsc CXv Xs Bhnv sImncn
pp.]pdv hm AXpambn BImitv
Ibdnt]mIpIbpw,BImi XpdsSpIbpw
sNpp.AhnsSshv tNmZnsSpw BcmWXv?
]dbsSpw: C hynbmWv,]cnipamb icoc
nse ipmmhn\v kzmKXsav ]dbsSpw.kv
XpXylambn {]thinpI, kam[m\hpw, Imcp
Wyhpw ktmjhm Adnbnsncnpp,
cnXmhv tIm]nnn.Ans\ AmlphnsSp
tvhsc Ibdnt]mIpXv hsc CXv Xs B
hnv sImncnpp) (C_v\pamP)
AhnizmknbpsS acWw:
{]] \mY A\p{Klnv \Inb Cl
temI PohnXn Xmtmnbmbn PohnpI
bpw, {kmhns\ [ncnpIbpw, ssZhnI \nba
sf AhKWnpIbpw, {]hmNImsc \ntj[n
48
pIbpw sNbvX kXy\ntj[nIfpsS acWw òI

cambncnpw. FmWv bYm kXysav Adn
nv AXv Almcmtem,AekXbmtem kzo
IcnmsX A{icmbn A{IanIfmbn Pohnp
h acWs `bsSpIbmWv sNpXv. A
mlp ]dbpp:
()
(-: ( )
(\_ntb,)]dbpI: Xobmbpw blqZnIfmbp
htc, ap a\pjysc IqSmsX \n am{Xw Am

lphns an{XfmsWv \n hmZnpIbm
sWn \n acWw sImXnpI. \n kXy
hmamcmsWn. Fm AhcpsS ssII ap
Iqn sNbvXpshXns êambn Ah Hcn
epw AXv sImXnpIbn. Amlp A{IaImcnI
sfn Adnhph\mIpp) (PpapAx 6 , 7).
acWthfbn BXvamhns\ Amlphns
aepI hfsc ITn\amb cq]nembncnpw
]pdsSppI, apJfnepw,]mizfnepw ASn
pIbpw D]{ZhnpIbpw apwsNbvXvsImmWv
BXvamhns\ icocn \nv ]pdsSppI.
AXns\ kw_nv JpB ]dbpXv {inv
tIpI:
49

( : ( )

(B A{IanI acWsh{]mfnembncnp cw
Kw \o Incppshn! \n \nfpsS BXv

amsf ]pdndphn Fv ]dv sImv a
epI AhcpsS t\sc XfpsS ssII \on
sImncnpIbmWv. \n Amlphns t]cn
kXyamXv ]dpsImncpXnsbpw,
Ahs ZrjvSmsf \n Alcnv Xn
fncpXnsbpw êambn Cv \nv
lo\amb in \IsSpXmWv. (Fv aep
I ]dbpw.) (ABw: 93)
( )

(:( )

"kXy\ntj[nIfpsS apJfnepw ]nhifn

epw ASnp sImv aepI Ahsc acnnp
k`w \o Incppshn! (Ah (aep
I)AhtcmSv ]dbpw:)Pzenp AKv\nbpsS in
\n BkzZnv sImpI. \nfpsS ssI
I apIqn sNbvXpshXv \nanas{X AXv.A
50
\mlp ASnaItfmSv Hpw A\oXn ImWnph

FXn\mepw' (A^m: 50,51).
kXyhnizmknbpsS BXvamhns\ ]nSnp
cq]w hniZoIcns AtX lZokn Xs A
]{ hnizmknbpsS BXvamhns\ ]nSnp cq]hpw
hmNI() hniZoIcnpXv ImWmw. AXmWv
Xmsg sImSppXv.
) ...

(

)

51
( )(
(Fm Ahnizmknbmb ASnabpsS sFlnI
PohnXns Ahkm\hpw, ]mc{XnI PohnXn

s Bcw`hpambn Ignm ]cp]cp Icn
Shpambn hfsc Idpncp apJtfmsS Ip
sd aepI BImin \nv Cdnhv A
hs Ispw Zqschsc \ndv Ccnpp.
tijw aepauv hvsImv Ahs Xe
`mKncpv Cs\ Knpp: (tl, tOam
b BXvamsh, Amlphns tIm]ntepw,tZ
iyntepw ]pdsSq. Fm BXvamhv icoc
\\ntev Xs DhenbpIbmWv sNpXv.
]nspIfn \nv sImfppIfp Ip
hensSppXv t]mse Ahs icoc
52
n \npw BXvamhns\ hensSppIbpw s]

sv Xs AXns\ B IcnSnempIbpw
sNpp.AtmgXn \npw `qanbnse Nofn
ihn \npw ]pdv hcpXv t]msebp
ZpKw AXn \nv ]pdv hvsImncn
pw. B tOmhbpambn BImitv Ib
dn t]mIptm AhnsSbp aepI hnfnv
tNmZnpp, BcptSXmWv Cu tOamb BXvam
hv? `qanbn hnfnsncp Ghpw No t]cn
AtlsIpdnv ]cnNbsSppp. Hmw
BIminsen hmXn Xpdm Bhiys
pshnepw XpdsSpn. Atm Xncpta\n
() Xmsg hcp BbtmXpIbpmbn:
"\psS ZrjvSmsf \ntj[npXpIbpw, A
hbpsS t\sc Almcw \SnpIbpw sNbvXh
cmtcm Ahvthn BImins IhmS
XpdpsImSpsSpItbbn. HIw kqNnbpsS
ZzmcneqsS ISv t]mIpXv hsc Ah kzK
n {]thinpIbpan.A{]ImcamWv \mw Ip
hmfnIv {]Xnêw \IpXv'(AAvdm^v:40)
Atm Amlp ]dbpp: Ahs tcJI `q
anbpsS Ghpw ASnn kno\ntcJs
SppI. B kabw BXvamhns\ hensdnbpp.
53
tijw Xncpta\n() Xmsg hcp Bbv ]mcm

bWw sNsSpIbpmbn:
"AmlpthmSv hh\pw ]ptNp ]w A
h BImip \nv hoWXv t]msebmIpp.
As\ ]nI Ahs\ dmnsmp t]mIp
p. Asn Imv Ahs\ hnZqckvYetv
sImp t]mbn Xpp' (lv: 31).
Ans\ icocntev BXvamhns\ aS
pp, B kabw cv aepI hcpIbpw, A
hsbSpv CcnpIbpw sNpp. Aht\mSv
tNmZnpw:BcmWv \ns cnXmhv? lm, lm, A
dnbnmsbv adp]Sn ]dbpXmWv.\ns Zo G
XmWv Fv tNmZnptmgpw lm, lm,F\nv A
dnv IqSmsbv adp]Sn ]dbpp. \nfntev
\ntbmKns Cu a\pjy BcmsWv tNmZn
pp,Atmgpw lm, lm, F\ndnbnmsbv a
dp]Sn ]dbpp. B kabw BImiv \nv Hcp
hnfnbmfapmIpp, Ah Ifhv ]dp, \cI
n \nv Ah\v hncnv sImSppI, \cIn
tev Hcp hmXn Ah\v XpdvsImSppI, A
XneqsS \cIns NqSv AhnsSsbpIbmbn,
hmcnsbpI ]ckv]cw tImvt]mIpamdv J
_dns\ CSppp,Ghpw apjn hkv{Xw [cn
v, ZpKw ]cn hncq] apJhpambn Hcm A
hntSv ISv hcpp.hfsc tamiamb {]bmkap
54
mIpXns\ kw_nv ktmjhm Adn

bnphm hXmWv Rm, Cu Znhks kw
_nmWv \ns apdnbnv \InbncpXv.Xn
bpambn ISvhnp \obmcmWv?Atm ]
dbsSpw Rm\mWv \ns Nobmb tOamb
{]h\.Atmgtlw ]dbpw: dt, Ah
km\ \m kw`hnncptX) (AlvaZv)

...)
( ( )
( No a\pjy\msWn ]dbpw: tO icoc
nepmbncp tOmXvamsh Cdn hcnI, \n

y\mbn Cdn hcnI, ITn\ NqSntepw, Ccpn
tepw ]pdsSpI BImitv Ibdn t]m
IpXv hsc CXv Xs Bhnv sImtbncn
pXmWv. BImitv Ibdnt]mIpw ]t,
AXn\v thn XpdsSpIbn, tNmZnsSpw,
BcmWnXv, C hynbmsWv ]dbsSpw, t
O icocnepmbncp tOmXvamhn\v kzmKX
55
an, hfsc \ny\mbnsmv aSnt]mhpIsb

v ]dbsSpw, ImcWw BImi IhmS \n\
mbn XpdpIbn, BImiv \nv aSsSp
Ibpw, Iz_dntev Xs aSpIbpw sNpp)
(C_v\pamP).
IpI BXvamhns\ ]nXpScpp:

icocn \nv BXvamhv thsSptm
IpI BXvamhns\ ]nXpScpp. acWth
fbn \apv AXv icnpw ImWmhpXmWv.A
XmWv {]hmNI() ]dbpXv:

( ( )

Dpkea()bn \nv, Ah ]dbpp: {]hmN

I()A_qkeabpsS ASpv {]thinpIbp
mbn,B kabw A_qkeabpsS IpI ]pd
tv Xn \nppmbncpp.Xncpta\n B
IpI ASpIbpmbn. Fnv ]dp: B
56
Xvamhv ]nSnsm IpI AXns\ ]nXpS

cpp.Atm A_qkeabpsS IpSpw_n s]
Nne iapmn.B kabw Xncpta\n() ]
dp: \bmsX \n \nsXncn {]m
ncpXv ImcWw \n ]dbpXn\v aep
I Bao ]dbppv.tijw ]dp:(Amlp
sh, A_qkeav \o s]mdpv sImSptWta,
kmKnIfn Atlns ]Zhnsb \o Db
tWta, Atlns IpSpw_n \nv A
tln\v ]nKmanbpmtWta, Rpw
Atln\pw \o s]mdpv XtcWta, Atl
ns J_dns\ \o hnimeampIbpw, AXn
{]Imiw \ndpIbpw sNtWta) (apkvenw).
P\mk thKw sImv t]mhpI:

acWw kw`hnv Ignm P\mksb s]
sv sImv t]mbn adamtSXpv. AXmWv {]
hmNI()bpsS Ncy. BfpI XSnv IqSpXv
hsc Imncnphm ]mSn. F{Xbpw thKw ad
amSm Ignbptam A{Xbpw thKw adamtS Xp
v. ImcWw \ hynbmWv acnsXn At
lw kzKnsem sImXnpIbpw, AXv F
s apnnq, apnnqshv Dds hnfnv
]dv sImncnpXpamWv,Fm Nobm
57
XvamhmsWn \n Fs FtmmWv sIm

v t]mIpXv,\n Fs sImvt]mtIXn
msbv Alknv sImncnpw. AXv sImv
Xs \ BXvamhmsWn Atls s]s
v kzKob kpJfntesnpIbpw,Nom
XvamhmsWn B `mcw s]sv Npaen \nv
Cdn shphm\pw km[npatm.CXmWv {]hm
NI() \s DWpXv.

( ( )
kCuZv_v\p A aJv_pcnv()hn \nv, At

lw Xs ]nXmhn \nv, A_qkCuZv A Jp
Zvcn {]hmNI() ]dbpXmbn tIpIbp
mbn:(P\ P\mk XfpsS NpaepIfn h
lnsSp k`n kXvIanbmb a\pjy
s P\mkbmsWn AXv \nsfs apnn
qshv hnfnv ]dbpw, kXvInbmsbn
Fs \mita, \nsfs FtmmWv sImp
t]mIpXv Fv hnfnlknpw, Cu iw F
mhcpw, Fm hkvXpfpw tIpw a\pjy H
58
gnv. a\pjy AXv tIpIbmsWn Ah

t_m[ clnX\mhpIbpw sNpXmWv)(_pJmcn)
-_kJv
a\pjy\v Amlp Cu temIv \Inb
Bbpv Pohnv Xom Amlp Ah\v \n
bnnp acWw hspIbmbn. Ans\ ac
Wn\v tijw Ahkm\ \m hsc Ah ]n
oSv _kJnbmb PohnXnemWv. Cl temI
PohnXnepa, ]ctemI PohnXnepa. adnv
AXn\v cn\panSbnse Hcp {]tXyI PohnXn
emWv.AXn\mWv _kJv Fv ]dbpXv. Fn
s\ acnmepw Ah\v Ahkm\\m hsc Ah\p
Xv _kJnbmb PohnXamWv. AXv CkvemanI
\nbaa\pkcnv adamSnbmepw, ISen sInXmgv
nbmepw, Icnv `kvaambn ]dnmepw h\yarK
`nmepw Fns\ acnmepw icn Ah\v
_kJmb PohnXapv. AXmWv Amlp ]dbp
Xv:

( : ( )
)
"AhcpsS ]nn Ah Dbnsgpt]n

sSp Znhkw hsc Hcp adbpmbncnp Xm
Wv.' (apAvan\q: 100)
icocn \nv BXvamhv hnv ]ncnbp
XmWv acWsav ]dbpXv.Ans\ icocn
59
\nv BXvamhv t]mbn Ignm Ahs\ \mw a

damSpp.Ans\ J_dnep PohnXw Ah\v _
kJmb PohnXamWv. Ahkm\ \mfn J_dn
\nv Dbsgpt]nsSpp. AXmWv A
mlp ]dbpXv:
(:()
"Aykabw hcnIXs sNpw. AXn bmsXm

cp kwibhpan. J_vdpIfnephsc Amlp D
bnsgpt]npIbpw sNpw' (lv: 7)
_kJnbmb PohnXn Hmtcm hyn
bpw Ah Alnp inm cI A\p`
hnv sImncnpXmWv. ku`mKyhm\mbn can
ph Amlphns A\p{Klns tKl
amb kzKobm\p{Kl BkzZnvsImpw,Zu
`mKyhm\mbn acnh\msWn Ah Amlp
hns inbpsS tKlamb \cImnbpsS A\p
`h BkzZnv sImncnpXmWv. AXv J
_dnse inbpw, A\p{Klfpw F hnjb
n hniZamnbnpv.
Iz_ ]ctemIs {]Ya hoSv:

apgph a\pjycpw acnpw, Bcv acnmepw
Ah\v J_ PohnXapv. A]ISn acnm
epw, ISen apnacnmepw, acnXn\v tijw I
60
nv s]mSns]mSnbmnbmepw icn Ah\v J_

PohnXapv. J_ ]ctemIs {]Ya hoSmWv.
kXyhnizmknbpsS J_dv kuJyw \ndXpw,
sXmSnbpsS J_dv in \ndXpamWv. Zp
bmhn shv \apv BkzZnphm\pw A\p`hn
phm\pw Hcp]mSv kpJkuIcyfpv.Fm
J_dn Bcpw XpWn,AhnsS Inepw InS
bpw XebnWbpw hncnpw ]pXpan. Iqn\v `mcy
bn, km\fn, amXm]nXmfn, IqpIpSpw
_fn, kplrpfn. {]Xm]tam, ktm,
m\am\sfm Hpw A\p`hnphm km[y
a. \psS icocw am{Xw. Ccpv am{Xw. Zpbmhn
shv F{X `wKnbn Fbpw tkmpw {Ioap
Ifpw ]pcn `wKnbmn sImv \Sncp `wKn
bp icocamWv. Fnsv Imcyw! BdSn an
]pgpfpw IoSfpw Xnm\mbn J_dn sh
pp, km[mcWmc\pw, ]mhsh\pw, ]W
mc\pw, ]Wnmc\pw, Idph\pw, shfph
\pw, ]pcpj\pw, kv{Xopw Fmw e`npXv H
tc BdSn av.B J_dntemWv \psS aSw.
AhnsS \ntmv Hcp]mSv Imcyfpw kw`h
fpw \apv A\p`hnm\pw klnm\pw A`n
apJoIcnphm\papv. B J_ Inv a\pI
hnpIbpw {]bmksSpIbpw sNtXpv.
AXmWv \psS ]qhnIm \apv ImWnv X
61
]mX. alm\mb DYvam\p_v\p A^v^m\ns\

kw_nv \apv XnanZn Dcnp lZokn
ImWmhpXmWv.
()( )
B\nAv_v\p DYvam\n() \npw \nthZ\w: A

tlw ]dbpp:(DYvam\p_v\pA^v^m() J_
dncnIneqsS \Sv t]mbm Atlw XmSn \\
bpamdv Icbpambncpp. AtltmSv tNmZn
sp. \n kz \cIs Hmv Icbpn
tm, J_ InmtWm \n IcbpXv? A
tm DYvam()]dp:(]ctemIns Hm
as CSw J_dmIpp,Hcm AhnsS csm
AXnv tijapXhv Ffpamhpw, AXn
Hcm csntbm Fnehv _mnbp
sXmw {]bmkIcambncnpXmWv) Fnt
lw \_n() ]dbpXmbnv ]dp: (J_dnt\
62
m òIcambXpw, tamihpamb Hcp ImgvNbpw

Rm Inn) AlvaZv, XnanZn.
J_dns CSpw:
]ctemIs {]Ya hoSmb J_dn an
ns\ shv IgnXn\v tijw J_ J_dmfn
sb Hv scpn IfbpXmWv. AXn Fm
hcpw s]SpsamWv Xncpta\n() \s ]Tnnp
Xv.

( ( )

Bbnim()bn \nv {]hmNI()]dp:(Xo

bmbpw J_dn\v sRcpapv. AXn \nv
Bscnepw csSpambncpsn kAZv_v\p
apBZv csSpambncpp) (AlvaZv)

( ( )
C_v\p Da()hn \nv: dkqepmlv() ]dbp

Ibpmbn: (Ctln\v thnbmWv knwlmk
\w hndsImXpw,BImiIhmS aes Xp
dsXpw,Fgp]Xn\mbncpw aepI kmyw
63
hlnXpw, (Fnv t]mepw) J_ Hcp {]mhiyw

sRcppIbpw ]noSv hnSpIbpw sNbvXp)(\km
C) .
bYmhnizmkw DsImpIbpw, AXn
\\pkcnv PohnXw {IaoIcnpIbpw sNbvXhcm
Wv J_dn {]thinnsSpsXn Ah
v J_ hnimeampsav Xncpta\n() ]dbp
Xv \mw {inpI:

( ( )
A\kv_v\pamenIv()hn \nv {]hmNI()

]dp: (HcSnasb J_dn shv sImv Iqp
Im ]nXncnvt]mcptm Xncnv hcphcp
sS sNcpns iw tIpp. Fnv {]hmN
I() ]dbpp: cv aepI hcnIbpw Ah
sbSpv CcpvsImv AtltmSv tNmZnp
p: Cu a\pjys\ kw_nv \osbmWv ]d
64
bpXv? Atmgtlw ]dbpp: apAvan\mbh

]dbpw:Atlw Amlphns ASnabpw, dkqep
amsWv Rm kmyw hlnpp, Atm
AtltmSv ]dbsSpw: \o \cInse \ns
CcnnSw t\mpI,AXn\v ]Icambn Amlp kz
Kn \n\v CcnnSw \Inbncnpp.Xncp
ta\n() ]dbpp: B cv m\hpw (kzKn
sebpw \cInsebpw) Ah ImWpp.JXzmZ:
() ]dbpp: RtfmSv ]dbpIbpmbn: Ah
\v Ahs J_dns\ Fgp]Xv apgw hsc hnime
amn sImSppIbpw, AhnsS Ahkm\\m h
sc ]v \ndXmpIbpw sNpp) (apkvenw)
J_dns òIcX:- ]ctemIs {]Ya hoSmb J_ A

Imc \n_nVamWv. òIcamWv, hnizmknIv am
{Xsa AXn\nv cbpq. lZokv {inpI:
65
()( )
(
B\nAv_v\p DYvam\n\npw \nthZ\w:Atlw

]dbpp: (DYvam\p_v\pA^v^m() J_dncn
IneqsS \Svt]mbm Atlw XmSnI \\bp
amdv Icbpambncpp. AtltmSv tNmZns
p.\n kz\cIs Hmv Icbpntm,
J_ InmtWm \n IcbpXv? Atm
DYvam()]dp: ]ctemIns Hmas
CSw J_dmIpp, Hcm AhnsS csm A
Xnv tijapXhv Ffpamhpw,AXn Hcm
csntbm Fnehv _mnbpsXmw {]
bmkIcambncnpXmWv Fntlw \_n()
]dbpXmbnv ]dp: (J_dnt\m òIcam
bXpw, tamihpamb Hcp ImgvNbpw Rm Inn
) AlvaZv, XnanZn.

( ( )

lmcnYv_v\p bkoZv() ]dbpp: Rm Pm_ndp

_v\p Apbn \nv tIpIbpmbn: \_n
()]dp:(\n acWam{KlncpXv, ImcWw
66
AXns XpSns òIcX Xs ImTn\yw \nd

XmIpp. ZoLamb Bbpn ]mXm]n
phm Amlp Ahkcw \IpIsbXmWv
ku`mKyambnpXv.) AlvaZv.
J_dntev \Sp sImncnp ktlmZcm
FmWv \ns Zpbmhn hnX\mn
bXv? \ns hnimeambhoSpw, kZmHgpIn sImn
cnp AcphnIfpw,]mIamb hnfIfpw, temema
b hkv{Xhpw, kpKkma{KnIfpw, XWpnte
pw, NqSntepw {]tXyIw Xmdmnb hkv{X
fpw Fmw Xs FhnsSbmIpp? AsXmpw
Xs \n\v D]Imcsn. \ns IhnfpIsf
mwXs bnphm XpSnbncnpp.\o G
Xv cq]nemWv Cu Zpbmhn\nv hnS]dbp
sXv \n\dnbptam? \ cq]n hnS]dbp
hm thn \o HcppI
J_dns AImcw:
J_ CcpmWv, AImcamWv.Amlphn
s\ AdnbpIbpw, {]hmNIs\ A\pkcnpIbpw
sNphv Amlp J_dns\ {]Imi ]qcnX
ampXmWv. Hcp lZokv {inpI:
67

( ( )
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv, Hcp Idp kv{Xo ]

n hrnbmnbncpp, {]hmNI() Ahsf,
Ahs\ ImWm km[nn. Ahsf kw_nv
At\zjnp, Ah ]dp, Ah acnp {]hmN
Isc,Fm \nv Fs Adnbnp IqSmbn
cppthm? B Imcyw Ah hfsc \nmcambnm
Wv IXv, Atm Xncpta\n ]dbpIbpmbn:
(\n AhfpsS J_ F\nv ImWnp XcnI,
{]hmNI()v B J_ ImWnp sImSpp,
{]hmNI() AhnsS B kv{Xov thn \akv
IcnpIbpmbn. Fnv ]dp: J_dpI J
_dmfnIv AImcw \ndpXmIpp. F
s \akvImcw sImv Amlp AXns\ {]Imi
apXmn Xopp) (apkvenw)
J_dnSw \Ip ]mTw:

J_dnSw Zinp apkvenan\v ]ctemI
NnbmWv DmhpI.Cu J_dnSn Ay hn
{iaw \Sphs\t]mse Csn \msf Rm
\pw acnpsa Nn GsXmcp a\pjy\papm
68
hpw.AXn\v thnbmWv apkveowI J_dnSw k

intXv. AXmWv {]hmNI() \s ]Tn
npXv:

:
)

( ( )
C_v\p akvDuZv()hn \nv; dkqepmlv() ]

dbpIbpmbn: (J_ ki\w Rm \n
v hntcm[nncpp,Fm \nfXv kinp
I, ImcWaXv Zpbmhn hncbpmpIbpw,
]ctemIs HmnnpIbpw sNpXmWv)
(apkvenw, A_qZmhqZv, C_v\pamP)
]ctemIs Hmphm thn,J_dn
InSphcpsS ]ctemI kuJyn\v thn
{]mnphm\pw thnbmWv J_ kin
tXv.
J_dnse Ipg:
{]nbktlmZcm,
J_vdnse {]Yacm{Xnv thn FmWv H
cpn shnpXv? B cm{Xn òIcamsWv a\
nemnbnnt? B cm{Xnsb HmvsImv {]
hmNImcpw, kzmenlofpw, ]nXmcpw, XXz
m\nIfpw IcXv Adnnn? AXnv th
69
n kzmenlo \If[nIcnn kw`hw \o

]Tnnnt? Hcp lZokv t\mpI:

) (
)A_qlpdbvd()bn \nv \nthZ\w: \_n(

]dp: (Hcp ans aSw J_dntemIp
p, kInbmsWn Ah Xs J_dn
hfsc ktmjtmsSbpw, ZpJw IqSmsXbpw I
70
gnv Iqpp.Aht\mSv tNmZnsSpw\o FhnsS

bmbncpp? Ah {]Xypcw \Ipw, Rm C
kvemanembncpp. Fnv Aht\mSv tNmZns
Spw Cu a\pjy BcmWv? Abm ]dbpw: apl
Zpdkqepmlv()bmWv. Atlw Amlphn
\nv hyamb ZrmhpambnmWv hnpXv,
Atls R kXysSppIbpw sNbvXp,
]noSht\mSv tNmZnsSpw Amlphns\ In
ptm? Ah ]dbpw:Bpw Amlphns\ Im
Wm km[ya. Ans\ \cIn \ntl
n\v Hcp hnShpmn ImWnv sImSpv sIm
v ]dbpw \n\v Hcpnshnp eambncp
B ImWpXv, \o Amlphns\ kqnXv
sImv \ns AXn \npw csSpn.XpS
v kznse Atlns m\w ImWnv
sImSpv ]dbpw \o hnizknpIbpw, {]hn
pIbpw, AXn\v thn acnpIbpw, Amlp D
tinpIbmsWn AXn\v thn ]p\ Pohn
pIbpw sNp \ns kznse m\am
Ipp AXv) AXv t]mses hgn]ngbmfm
sWn Atlw Xs J_vdn hfsc {]bmk
tmsS _pnapn sImv Ignv Iqpw, \o Fhn
sSbmbncnpshv tNmZnptm Atlw ]d
bpw F\ndnbnsv, Cu a\pjy BcmsWv
tNmZnptm Atlw ]dbpw Rm Atl
71
sn tInpsv Fmse\ndnbn. XpS

tln\v kzn \nv Hcp hnShpmn
ImWnvsImv ]dbpw Amlp \ns CXn \n
pw Xncnv hnncnpp, ]noSv \cIn\nv
Hcp hnShpmn Atlns m\w ImWn
v ]dbsSpw \o CXnv thnbmWv PohnpI
bpw, {]hnpIbpw, acnpIbpw, Amlp D
tinpIbmsWn AXn\vthn Dbsgp
t]nsSpIbpw sNpXv.) (C_v\pamP)..
Atbm ktlmZcm, acWtbpw, AXns {]
bmksbpw Hmv, J_vdpw AXns IpSpX
bpw Hmv \o Icbpnt?
Hm ktlmZcm, Ahkm\ \mfn {]Xy
amIp \cIs Hmv Icbpnt? \sSp
Xpw, tJZnpIbpw,ZmlnpIbpw sNp B
Zn\s Hmv hnXppnt?
ktlmZcm, Amlphns\ Hmv Icbp
IpIsf Amlp Hcnepw \cIneIsSp
pIbn FdnbpI...
J_ inbpw, A\p{Klfpw:
hnip JpB\nsebpw, Xncpkpnte
bpw [mcmfw sXfnhpI sImv ncsXmWv
J_dnse inbpw,A\p{Klhpw. A]m\n
72
Ifpw,hnhcanmhcpw, AlmcnIfpamsX A
Xns\ \ntj[npIbn. Amlp ]dbpp:
( :( )
(cv {]mhiyw \mw Ahsc innpXmWv, ]n
oSv hn inbntev Ah XsSpXm

Wv) (Xu_:101)
()
)

(- :( )

(Atm Ah \Snb IpX{fpsS Zpjv^
efn \nv Amlp Atls Imp. ^n

Hus BfpIsf ISpin hebw sNpIbp
apmbn. \cIw! cmhnsebpw, sshIptchpw A
h AXn\papn {]ZinsSpw.B Ayka
bw \nehn hcp Znhkw ^nHus BfpIsf
Ghpw ITn\inbn \n {]thinnpI
(Fv I]nsSpw) (apAvan: 45,46).
)
)

( ( )

73
_dmAv_v\pBkn_n()\nv \nthZ\w: \_n

()]dbpp: (kpncamb hmvsImv kXyhn
izmknIsf Amlp Ddnv \ndppXmWv) (C
{_mlnw.27). F Bbv CdnbXv J_dv in
bpambn _sv sImmIpp. Fnv J_
dmfnItfmSv tNmZnsSpw \ns cnXmhmcmsW
v? Ah ]dbpw Fs cnXmhv Amlphpw,
{]hmNI aplZv \_n()bpamIppshv, C
XmIpp Amlp ]dbpXv(sFlnI PohnXn
epw,]ctemIpw kpncamb hmv sImv k
XyhnizmknIsf Amlp Ddnv \ndppXm
Wv) (C{_mlnw:27) (_pJmcn, apkvenw)
( ( )

A\kv()hn\nv \_n()]dbpp: (\n a

damtSXnmbncppshn J_dnse in tI
phm thn Amlphnt\mSv Rm {]m
npambncpp) apkvenw.

( ( )

74
A_qkCuZv AJpZvcn()hn \nv {]hmNI

() ]dbmdpmbncpp: (P\mk a\pjy Ah
cpsS ]ncSnIfn hlnv sImvt]mIptm, P
\mk kzmenlmb a\pjysXmsWn Atl
s hlnphtcmSv hnfnv ]dbpw Fsbpw
sImv thKn \SpI, No amsWn
AXv hlnhtcmSv hnfnv ]dbpw Fs \mi
ta, \n Fsbpw sImv FtmmWv t]m
IpXv? Cu iw Fmhcpw, Fm hkvXpfpw
tIpw a\pjy Hgnv, a\pjy AXv tIp
IbmsWn Ah t_m[ clnX\mbn hogp
XmWv) (_pJmcn)

( ( )

C_v\p A_mkv()hn \nv: ({]hmNI() a

Zo\bnse Hcp tXmneqsS \Svt]mIpIbmbn
cpp, Asn abpsS, Atm J_dn in
nsSp cv a\pjycpsS iw tIp
75
Ibpmbn, Ah innsvsImncnpXv
henb Imcyn\. ]noSv ]dbpIbpmbn: A
hcn Hcm aq{Xnm icnpw hynbmmdp
mbncpn, cmas hyn ]cZqjWw ]d
v \Sph\mbncpp.]noSv Hcp Cu\
Xv sImphcm ]dbpIbpw,AXv cv IjvW
amn cv J_dnepw Hmtcm IjvW \mnsh
pIbpw sNbvXp. Fn\mWv {]hmNIsc, \n
Cs\ sNbvXXv Fv tNmZnsp. Hcp ]
t, Ah DWpXv hsc Ahv inbn
\nv Cfhv \Intbmw Fv \_n() adp]Sn
]dbpIbpmbn) (_pJmcn)
()
A\kv_v\p amenIv()hn \nv {]hmNI()

_\q \mdpImcpsS tXmn\cnIneqsS \Sv
t]mhpIbmbncpp.Atm J_dn\nv Hcp i
w tIpIbpmbn. Cu J_dns DSa F
tmgmWv acnsXv AhtcmSv tNmZnp. Ah ]
dp: Pmlnenm ImemWv Atlw acnXv.
Atm Xncpta\n ]dp: \n At\ym\yw a
76
damtSXnmbncpsn \nv J_ in
tInphm\mbn Amlphnt\mSv Rm {]m
npambncpp) (AlvaZv)
hnipJpB\pw XncpNcybpw {]amWambn
AwKoIcnp apgph apkveowIpw \mw ap
Ifn Dcn sXfnhns ASnm\n J_
dn inbpw A\p{Klhpw A\p`hnpsav a
\knembn. ]nsbpw Zp\ymb \ncn tem
v a\tam Fv ]dv sImv hyamb
sXfnhns\Xncn sIm\w Ipph Am
lphns XmoXv Kuchambn {intXpv.
J_ inv -]m{XamIp Imcy:

alm\mb Camw C_v\pJnw ]dbpp:
J_dmfnI Amlphnep AhcpsS AX
bpsS Imcynepw, Ahs I]\ ]mgmnbXn
epw,Ah hntcm[n Imcy sNbvXXns t]
cnepw innsSpp,Xobmbpw J_ in
Amlp Xs ASnabpsSta tIm]nXn\pw, tZ
jysXnpw sXfnhmIpp, AXv t]mse J_
in Ahs lrZbhpw, Ipw, sNhnbpw, hm
bbpw, \mhpw, hbdpw, Kplymhbhhpw,Ipw,Im
epw, icocw apgph\pw sNbvX {]h\p
XmIpp. Bscnepw Amlphns\ tIm]nn
pIbpw,tZjysSppIbpw sNbvXv sImv {]m
77
bnw sNmsX acnpIbmsWn Ahv

Amlphns tIm]n\\pkcnv _kJnbmb
temIv shv in e`npXmIpp.
GjWn, ]cZqjWw, hnkP\tijw icn
v hrnbmmXncnpI, ipnbnmsX \akvI
cnpI, Ifhv,\akvImcw ]mgmpIbpw AsXmcp
`mcamsWv tXmpIbpw sNpI,kImv Dt]
npI, hy`nNmcw,tamnpI, h\, apkveow
IfpsS CSbn {Kq]nkapmpI, ]eni `np
I, A{Ianshsc klmbnmXncnpI, aZy
]m\w,sRcnbmWnbpsS Xmsg hkv{Xw henngp
I,h[npI, kzlm_nIsf No]dbpI, _nZvA
pI sNbvXvsImv acnpI Fnh J_dv in
v hnt[bamIp ]m]fmIpp. CXn \n
smw csm Ah\v J_ inbn \n
v csSm km[ntmw.Hmtcm apkvenanpw
A\nhmcyamb ImcyamWv Amlphnt\mSv J_dv
inbn \nv ctXSpIsbXv, J_dntev
{]thinpXnv apv B inbn \npw c
sSphm\p {]h\w sNpI.Hcm J_v
dntev {]thinm Ah Hcp {]mhiysan
epw cv dIvAv \akvIcnphmt\m, cv km
yhN\w Hcp{]mhiysanepw Dcnphmt\m,H
cp Xkv_olv sNmphmt\m BhiysSpp F
m AhXnv A\phmZw e`npIbn, An
78
s\bh hfsc henb tJZnepw, \nepam

bncnpw hogpI.
BbXn\m \mw B `bm\Iamb inbn
\npw csSphm thn ]cn{ianpI.A
Xnv thn Amlphnt\mSv {]mnpI.Am
lpsh Ay\mfn Rsf tJZnphcpsS Iq
nemcptX, RfpsS acWn\ptijw R
fpsS J_vdns\ \smcp hoSmtWta, \o F
mn\pw Ignhph\mWv.
J_ ki\hpw, Dtihpw:
{]hmNIXncpta\n() J_ kznbmdv sN
phm\pw, AXn\nv Csn \msf Xm\pw
acnpsap Hm a\n ]pXpn sImv
]mTw DsImphm\pw t{]mkmlnnnpv.
( ( )
kpsseam\p_v\p _pssdZ() Xs ]nXmhn \n

pw \nthZ\w sNpp:{]hmNI() ]dbpp:
(Rm \nv Ckvemans BZyImev J_
dv ki\w hnenbncpp, aplZv()v Xs
DbpsS J_ kinphm A\phmZw \
79
Isncnpp. Fm \n J_dv kin

pI, AXv \nsf ]ctemIw HmannpXm
Wv) (XnanZn).
)

( ( )
kpsseam\p_v\p _pssdZ Xs ]nXmhn \nv

\nthZ\w sNpp: \_n() J_ kinp
tm ]dbpambncpp: (hnizmknIfnepw, apkv
eofnepw s] hoSns DSaIfmbhsc \n
v Amlphns kam[m\w Dmhs, Amlp
DtinpIbmsWn Rfpw \ntfmsSmw
tNcpXmWv Rpw, \npw thn A
mlphnt\mSv c tNmZnpp) apkvenw.
J_ inbn -\npw c tXSpI:

J_ inbn \nv c t\Sphm\mbn
Amlphnt\mSv Ftmgpw apkveowI AhcpsS
\akvImcfnepw, ap k`fnepw {]mn
Wsav {]hmNI() \s ]Tnnnpv. H
cp lZokv {inpI:
80
( )(

JmenZv_v\p kCuZv_v\p Bkns ]p{Xnbn

\nv, (Atlw(\_n) J_ inbn \nv c
) tXSpXmbn Rm tIncnpp) (_pJmcn

( )(

A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv, dkqepmlv() C

s\ ]dbmdpmbncpp: (Amlpsh, J_ in
bn \npw, \cI inbn \npw, PohnX
ntebpw, acWntebpw Ipgfn \npw,
akolpmens Ipgfn \npw Rm \n
tmSv c tXSpp) (_pJmcn).
) (...(
Awdp_v\p ssaaq A HuZn()]dbpp: kA

Zv Xs asf Cu ]Z IpnIsf Kpcp\mY
Fgpv ]Tnnp cq]n ]Tnnv sImn
s\ ]dbmdpmbncpp: {]hmNI() \akv
81
Imcns Ahkm\n Chbn \nv c

tXSmdpmbncpp, Amlpsh, òcpXzn \n
pw,Atbs hmIyn \npw,Zpbm
hnse Ipgn \npw, J_ inbn \n
pw Rm \ntmSv c tXSpp) (_pJmcn)
( ( )

Bbnim() ]dbpp:blqZnIfn s] cv hr
cmb kv{XoI hv sImv ]dbpIbpmbn:
J_dmfnI AhcpsS J_dnSfn innsv
sImncnpp, Bbnim() ]dbpp:Rm\hsc
Ifhmn, F\nXv kXysSpphm km[yam
bn. Ans\ Ah AhnsS \npw Xncnv t]m
bn. {]hmNI() FsbSpv {]thinpIbp
mbn. Atm Rm {]hmNI()tbmSv ]d
p: {]hmNIsc, aZo\bnse blqZnIfn s]
{]mbw sN cv kv{XoI FsbSpv hv
sImv ]dbpIbpmbn J_dmfnI AhcpsS
82
J_dpIfn innsSppshv, Atm Xn

cpta\n() ]dbpIbpmbn:Ah kXyamWv ]d
Xv. arK tIpamdv Ah J_dpIfn
innsv sImncnpp.Bbnim() ]dbp
p: CXn\v tijw \akvImcfn J_ in
bn \nv c t\Sphm\mbn {]mnpXm
bnmsX Rm Xncpta\nsb Inn) (apkvenw)
Hmtcm hynIfpw AhcpsS _kJnbmb
PohnXn intbm, A\p{Kltam A\p`hnv
sImncnpsaXv A\ntj[yamb kXyamWv.
AXn \nv c e`nphm\mbn Amlphnt\m
Sv \psS \akvImcfn {]hmNI() sNbv
XXv t]mse c tXSpI. Amlp \apv J_
inbn \nv c \Ipamdmhs.
J_ inbn \npw c e`nph:

Amlphns A\p{Klm Nne hn`mK
amfpIv J_ inbn \nv c e`np
sav kzlolmb lZokpIfpsS ASnm\n
\apv a\knemphm km[npp. AXn
Nne hn`mKsf kw_nv Xmsg sImSps.
1-= cIvX kmn:
83
- ( )
anJvZmZv_v\p aAvZn Icn_v()]dbpp: {]hmNI

() ]dbpIbpmbn: c kmnbmb hyn
v AmlphnsbSpv {]tXyIambn Bdv Im
cy Dv.]pdsSpXns {]Ya Ln X
s ]m] s]mdpsSpp, kzKn X
s CcnnSw ImWpp,J_ inbn \nv \n
`bXzw e`npp, Dbsgpt]ns \mfn
se {]bmkn \npw tamN\w e`npp, ap
pIfpw ]hngfpap]tbmKnv sImp kz
Kob IncoSamb XmPp hJm F IncoSw Xe
bn AWnbnpp AXv Zpbmhpw AXnep
Xnt\mfpw DaambXmIpp, kzKob kpcn
Ifn \nv Fgp]ncv kv{XoIsf hnhmlw
Ignnv sImSppIbpw sNpp, Xs ASp
_n s] Fgp]XmfpIv ip]mi ]d
bphm A[nImcw \IpIbpw sNpp) (Xnan
84
Zn, A_m\n kzlolmsWv {]kvXmhn lZo

kmWv).
c kmnsbXvsImv hnhnp
Xv CkvemanI {]amW A\pkcnv Pohnp
Ibpw, XuloZns BWnmb Ienav Xu
loZmb kmyhN\w Dbn]nSnphm Ckv
emanI {]amW A\pkcnv Pohnp Cam
ans \ntia\pkcnv {]amW_ambn bpw
sNpIbpw, AXn cImyw hcnpIbpw
sNphscbmWv. AXmsX GsXnepw hn`mK
n tNv kzmXm]cy kwcnp
hm\pw, A[nImcw ]nSnSphm\pw thn Ckv
emw ]Tnnm cq]n,{]amWv FXn
cmbn acnpIbpw, h[nsSpIbpw sNph
apgph\pw iloZmbn Fv ]dbpXv hnhctZmj
hpw, {]amW hncphpamWv. Ahv iloZns
]Zhnb e`npI, adnv Amlphns \nba
[ncnXv ImcWw hn inbmbncnpw
e`npI. AXvsImv acnm \Sp hn`mK
hpw AhcpsS t\Xmmcpw A\pbmbnIfpw Ku
chXcambn NnnpIbpw, Imcy a\knem
pIbpw, CkvemanI {]amW A\pkcnv Po
hnpIbpw,AXntev BfpIsf WnpIbpw
sNtXpv. \psS \mn ImWp Xo{hhm
ZnkwLpw, kwLS\Ipw,AhcpsS B
85
ibpw {]amWfpsS ]n_eaptmsb

v Ah Nnnt ImcyamWv. AXvsImv A
Xn tNv {]hnph IcpXnbncnpI.
2= Amlphns amn acWsSph:
( - ( )

^fme_v\p Dss_Zv() ]dbpp: {]hmNI()

]dbpXmbn Rm tIpIbpmbn:Hmtcm a
n\pw acWtmsS Ahs {]h\
Ahkm\nnpp.Amlphns amKn _
sv Pohnphsmgnv, Ahs {]h
\ Ahkm\ \mhsc hfcpIbpw, J_ in
bn \nv \n`bXzw e`npIbpw sNpp)
(AlvaZv,XnanZn, A_qZmhqZv,Zmcnan, icnbmb k
\tZmsS DcnXv).
3= shnbmgvN acWsSph:

:)

( )

86
ApmC_v\p Awdv()hn \nv {]hmNI

() ]dbpIbpmbn: (shnbmgvNtbm, shn
bmgvN cm{Xntbm acnp Hmtcm apkvenan\pw J
_ inbn \nv Amlp c \ImXncn
n) (AlvaZv)
4= DZc tcmKmep acWw:

: ( )
(
ApmC_v\p bkm()]dbpp: Rm kp
sseam_v\p kpdZnsbpw, JmenZv_v\p D^pXz
bpsSbpw IqsS CcnpIbmbncpp, Ah cv
t]cpw DZc tcmKw _m[nv acn HcmfpsS P\mk
bn ]sSpphm Dtinncpp.Atm Hcm
Xs IqpImct\mSv ]dbpIbpmbn: Bsc
bmtWm Xs hb sImesSppXv(DZc tcm
Kw _m[nv acnpXv) Ahs\ J_dn inn
pIbnsv {]hmNI()]dnnstbm? A
tm IqpImc ]dp: AsX) (\kmC, Xnan
Zn, AlvaZv).
87
J_dnse tNmZy:
ans\ adamSnb DSs\ Xs cv ae
pI hvsImv tNmZyw sNpw. kXyhnizm
knI Hmtcm tNmZyn\pw adp]Sn ]dbptm
kXy\ntj[nI hmhnv Icbphm am{Xsa Ah
v km[npIbpq. AXv {]hmNI() hniZ
ambn ]TnnpXv t\mpI:

( )(

)A\kv_v\pamenIv()hn \nv {]hmNI(

]dp:HcmfpsS PUs J_dn shv sImv
IqpIm ]nXncnvt]mcptm Xncnv hcp
]{ hcpsS sNcpns iw tIpp. Fnv
hmNI() ]dbpp: cv aepI hcnIbpw
88
AhsbSpv CcpvsImv AtltmSv tNm

Znpp: Cu a\pjys\ kw_nv \osbmWv
]dbpXv? Atmgtlw ]dbpp: Atlw A
mlphns ASnabpw, dkqepamsWv Rm km
yw hlnpp, Atm AtltmSv ]db
sSpw: \o \cInse \ns CcnnSw t\mpI,
AXn\v ]Icambn Amlp kzKn \n\v C
cnnSw \Inbncnpp. Xncpta\n ]dbpp: B
cv m\hpw(kzKnsebpw \cInsebpw)
Ah ImWpp.Fm Ahnizmknbpw I]Shn
izmknbpw ]dbpp: F\ndnbn. P\ ]d
bpXvt]mse Rm\pw ]dncpp. Atm ]d
bspw: \o ]TnpItbm, ]n]pItbm sNbvXn
. XpSv Ccpv sImp Hcp NpnI sImv
Ahs\ cv sNhnInSbn ASnpp,Atm
gh hfsc in Alknpp, AXv A
hnsSbp apgph\pw tIpp,PnpIfpw a\p
jycpw Hgnv) (_pJmcn)
89

)
(
( )(
_dmAv_v\p Bkn_v()hn \nv: AkmcnI

fn s] HcmfpsS P\mk kwkvIcnphm\mbn
90
R {]hmNIs IqsS ]pdsSpIbpmbn.

Ans\ J_dncnIn Fnbtm J_ Ip
gnpIbmbncpp, Atm Xncpta\n AhnsS C
cpp,IqsS Rfpw hfsc imcmbn Ccpp,Xn
cpta\nbpsSIn Hcp hSnbpmbncpp,B hSn
sImv `qanbn ]Xps ASnXn\v tijw ]d
bpIbpmbn: Amlphnt\mSv J_ inbn
\nv c e`nphm\mbn {]mnpI, CXv c
tm, aqtm {]mhiyw BhnpIbpmbn.
(Pco Dcnp lZokn ChnsS A]w h
\hpv. ]dbpp: adamSn Xncnv t]mcptm
sNcpns iw P\mk tIpp, B k`
n Aht\mSv tNmZnpw: \ns cnXmhv B
cmWv? \ns aXtaXmWv? \ns {]hmNI Bcm
Wv?)(lmZv ]dbpp) cv aepI hv sIm
v AhnsS CcppsImv tNmZnpw: \ns d
mcmWv? Ah ]dbpw: Fs dv Amlphm
Wv, Ah cvt]cpw tNmZnpw: \ns aXtaXm
Wv? Ah ]dbpw: Fs aXw CkvemamWv. Ah
cvt]cpw tNmZnpw: \nfntev \ntbmKnX
\mb Cu a\pjys\ kw_nv FmWv \o ]d
bpXv? Ah ]dbpw:Atlw Amlphns Zq
X\mIpp. Ah cv t]cpw tNmZnpw: \n\v
Fdnbmw? Ah ]dbpw: Rm Amlphns
{Kw hmbnp, AXn Rm hnizknpIbpw,
91
kXysSppIbpw sNbvXp. (Pcocns lZokn

Cs\ IqSnbpv) CXmWv Amlphns hmv:
(hnizknhsc kpncamb hmpI sImv
Ddnv \ndppXmWv) Bbv. ]ns Ah
tbmPnpp. Atm BImiv\nv hnfnv ]
dbph hnfnv ]dbpp:Fs ASna kXyw ]
dncnpp.Ah\v kzKn \nv hncnv hn
cnpho, kzKntev Hcp hmXn Xpdvsh
v sImSppIbpw, kzKn \nv [cnnpI
bpw sNpI. ]dp:Ans\ kzKn \nv
AXns ]cnafhpw kpKhpw AhntSv {]h
lnpIbmbn. ]dp: Ahs Ispw Zqc
tv hsc AXv hnimeamn sImSppp. F
nv Im^ndns acWw {]hmNI()hnhcnp
Ibpmbn. Ahs BXvamhv icocntev aS
sSpp.Fnv cv aepI hncpv tNm
Znpp: \ns dmcmWv? Ah ]dbpw: lmAv,
lmAv,,, F\ndnbn, Aht\mSv tNmZnpw: \n
s aXtaXmWv? Ah ]dbpw: lmAv, lmAv F
\ndnbn,\nfn \ntbmKnX\mb Cu a\pjy
s\ kw_nv \o Fv ]dbpp? Ah ]d
bpw: lmAv, lmAv F\ndnbn, Atm BIm
iv \nv hnfnv ]dbpp:Ah Ifhv ]dn
cnpp, Ah\v \cInse hncn hncnv sImSp
q,\cIntev HcphmXn Xpdpho,An
92
s\ AXnse NqSpw,\nizmkfpw hcpp,]dp:

hmcnsbpI ]ckv]cw tImpXphsc J_
Ah\v IpSpkmIpp. Pcocnsd lZokn C
s\ IqSn A[nIw hnpv.]dp:(A\pw
aqI\pamb Hcmsf G]npp Ahs\, Atl
nsbSpv Ccpv sImp Hcp NpnIbp
v. B NpnI sImv Hcp aebn ASnpIbm
sWn AXv ambn amdpXmWv) ]dp: B
NpnI sImv Ahs\ ASnpp. B ASnbpsS
iw Ingpw ]Snmdpap apgph\pw tIp
XmWv PnpIfpw a\pjycpw Hgnv. Ans\
Ah ambn Xocpp. hopw Ahs BXvam
hns\ aSpp) (A_qZmhqZv)
kvYm-\w ImWnv sImSppp:

acWsh\v ]ctemIv Xs m\w
FhnsSbmbncnpsav Amlp cmhnsebpw ssh
Iptchpw ImWnv sImSppp.

( ( )
ApmC_v\p Da()hn \nv dkqepmlv

() ]dp: (\nfn \nmscnepw acnm
93
Ah\v cmhnsebpw sshIptchpw Ahs m

\w ImWnv sImSppp. Ah kzKhmknbm
sWn kzKnsebpw, Ah \cIhmknbm
sWn \cInsebpw m\w ImWnpp. F
nv ]dbsSpw CXmWv \ns m\w.Ahkm\
\m hsc CXv XpSv sImncnpw) (_pJmcn).
iplZmfpsS BXvamhv kzKn:

AmlphmsX Bcm[\l\mbn am
cpanmsb kXykmy hN\n\v thn bp
w sNbvXvsImv ckmnbmb iplZmfp
sS BXvamhv kzKn ]mdn]dv sImncnpw.
Ah AmlphnsbSpv PohnphcmWv.F
m AXv Fns\bmWv, AXns cq]w Fm
sWv Amlphn\v am{Xsa AdnbpIbpq. A
XmWv Amlp ]dbpXv:

)*(

( -: ( )
(Amlphns amKn sImshsc acnv
t]mbhcmbn \o KWncpXv.Fm Ah Ah
cpsS cnXmhns ASp Pohnncnphcm
Wv.Ahv D]Poh\w \Isncnpp. Am
lp Xs A\p{Kln \nv Ahp \In
94
bXpsImv Ah kpjvScmbncnpw. Xtfm

sSmw hp tNnnm,XfpsS ]nn (C
ltemIv) Ignbp hnizmknIsfn, Ahv
bmsXmpw `bsSphmt\m ZpxJnmt\m Cs
tmv Ah (B cIvXkmnI) ktmja
Sbpp.) (BepCwdm: 169,170)
Cu hnjbn {]hmNI()bpsS Hcp h
N\w {inpI:

( ( )

C_v\pAmkv() ]dbpp: dkqepmlv() ]

dbpIbpmbn: DlvZn \nfpsS ktlmZc
ckmnIfmbtm Amlp AhcpsS B
XvamhpIsf kzK \ZnIfn \npw ]pdv hcp
Hcp Xcw ]InfnIfpsS cq]n ]mdn]dp
hbmn,Ah kzK ]g `npIbpw,kz
Ww sImpmnb IqSpIfntev A`bw {]m
]npIbpw, knwlmk\ns \ngen IgnbpI
95
bpw sNbvXvsImncnpw. Ans\ AhcpsS `

W ]m\obfpsS ]cnafw BkzZnpIbpw
sNpXmWv. Ghpw \ ]cyhkm\hpw e`n
tm Ah ]dp: Amlp Rv \In
bXns\ kw_nv RfpsS ktlmZc A
dnncppshn PnlmZn\nv Ah hnv \n
pItbm,bps kw_nv Ahv shdp
pmIpItbm sNnmbncpp. Atm DX
\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb Amlp ]dp: \n
v ]Icambn CuImcyw Rm\hsc Adnbnv sIm
mw. Ans\bmWv dqkqepmlv()v Xmsg h
cp BbpI CdnbXv:
(Amlphns amKn sImshsc acnv
t]mbhcmbn \o KWncpXv. Fm Ah Po
hnncnphcmWv...) (AlvaZv).
Hcp B{Klw:
Amlphns amKn PnlmZv sNbvXv
ckmyw hlnhv Amlp \Inb A
\p{Klw BkzZnptm hopw CltemIt
v hvsImv Amlphns Ienav XuloZv
Dbn]nSnphm\mbp kacn Gsv
sImv hopw iloZmIphm Ah B{Klnp
p. AXmWv \_n() \s ]TnnpXv.
96

)

)

( ( )
akvdqJn() \nv; Atlw ]dbpp: Apm

lv CuBbns\ kw_nv tNmZnpIbpm
bn:(Amlphns amKn sImsShsc acn
v t]mbhcmbn \o KWncpXv. Fm Ah A
hcpsS cnXmhns ASpv Pohnncnphcm
Wv. Ahp D]Poh\w \Isncnpp). ]d
p: CXns\ kw_nv tNmZntm ]dbs
p: AhcpsS BXvamhpI ] \ndnep ]
nIfnemIpp, Aint\mS\p_nv Ahv
Xmaknphm\p IqSpIfpv. Ah Dtinp
cq]n kzKn FhnsSbpw ]mdn Ifn
pIbmWv. ]noSv AhcpsS IqSpIfntev Ah
tNtdpp. Ans\ Ahsc A`napJoIcnv
sImv Amlp tNmZnpp \n Fsn
97
epw B{Klnpptm? R kzKn D

tinp cq]n hnlcnphm Rv
km[nncns ]nssbmWv R B{Kln
pXv? Cs\aqv {]mhiyw Bhnv sIm
ncpp. Fsnepw BhiysSmsX Amlp
Rsf hnSnsv Itm Ah ]dbpp:
RfpsS cnXmsh,RfpsS icocfntev
RfpsS BXvamhpIsf aSsSpIbpw, \ns
amKn Hcp {]mhiysanepw hopw bpw
sNphm R B{Klnpp. Ahv bm
sXmcp Bhiyhpansv Itm Ahsc AXp
t]mse Dt]npIbpw sNbvXp) (apkvenw).
`qansb hnepp:
bYm kXyZo {]t_m[\w sNm\m
bn Amlp XncsSpv \ntbmKnp {]hm
NImv Hcp]mSv {]tXyIXI CltemIpw
]ctemIpw Amlp \IpXmsWv Hmtcm
apkvenapw hnizkntXpv. AXn s] Hcp
ImcyamWv.{]hmNIam acnv Ahsc adamSnbm
AhcpsS ]cnipams ùXnIicocw Hcn
epw PoWnpIbn. AXmbXv av XnpIbn
msbw. lZokv ImWpI:
98

(( )

Hukv_v\pHukv() ]dbpp: dkqepmlv()]d

p: \nfpsS Znhkfn Ghpw t{ijvTam
b Znhkw shnbmgvNbmIpp, B ZnhkamWv
BZw krnsXpw, acWsXpw, Ahkm\\m
kw`hnpXpw,Dbsgpt]nsSp
Xpw. B Znhkw Fs t]cn \n kzemv
sNmpXv A[nIcnnpI, \nfpsS kzemp
I Fs ta {]ZinnsSpp. Ah ]d
p: {]hmNIsc, Fns\bmWv Xm \pcpn
t]mbncns RfpsS kzempI Xmv
{]ZinnsSpXv? Ah ]dbpp: Xm C
mXmbm. Atm \_n ]dbpIbpmbn: D
X\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb Amlp {]hmNImcpsS
PUsf XnpXn \npw `qansb hnenbn
cnpp) (A_qZmhqZv).
Ahkm-\ \mfns \ma:

Ahkm\ \m kw`hnpIXs sNp
XmWv,AXn bmsXmcp kwibhpan.B \mfns\
hyXy t]cpIfnembn Amlp JpB\neqsS
99
\s ]cnNbsSppXmbn \apv ImWmhp

XmWv. AXn NneXv Xmsg sImSps:
1. Dbnsgpt]v:

( :) ( )
(Dbnsgpt]ns \mfpsImv Rm\nXm k

Xyw sNbvXp ]dbpp) (Jnbma:1)
2. JmcnA (`bc kw`hw)

(-: ( )
*
)
(`bcamb B kw`hw,`bc kw`hsam F

msWp \n\dnbptam) (JmcnAx 1,2)
3. IWp t\mp Znhkw.
)
(

( :)
(Amlphns amKn \nv sXn t]mIp
hcmtcm Ahv XsbmIpp ITn\amb in

bpXv. IWp t\mp Znhks Ah ad
p IfXns êas{X AXv) (kzmZv : 26)
4. {]Xnêns \mx

(-:( )
*
)

(Xobmbpw, kpIrXhmam kpJm\p`hn
Xsbmbncnpw, Xnbmbpw, ZpamKnI Pz

enp \cImnbn Xsbmbncnpw. {]Xn^
100
ens \mfn AhcXn ISv FcnbpXmWv)

(C^nXzm:14,15)
5. henb ]n]v:
(: ( )
(Fm B alm hn]v hcp k`w) (\m

knBXv : 34)
6. kw`hwx

( :) ( )
(B kw`hw kw`hnp Ignm) (hmJnA: 1)
7. sNInSSnp iwx
( :( )
(Fm sNInSSnp B iw hm (A
_k : 33)
8. aqSp kw`hwx

(: ( )
)
(B aqSp kw`hs kw_n ham\w \n

\v hpInntbm?) (Kminb: 1)
9. bYm kw`hwx
(-:( )

*
)
(B bYm kw`hw? FmWv B bYm

kw`hw?) (lmJJ: 1,2)
101
Ahkm-\ \mfns kabw:

Ahkm\ \m Fv kw`hnpsaXv A
mlphn\v am{Xsa AdnbpIbpq. Ahkm\ \m
fns ASbmf GsXmamsWv Adnbnv X
ncnpp.Fm FmWv Ahkm\\m kw
`hnpIsbXv Amlphns am{Xw Adnhn
s]XmIpp. AXmWv Amlp ]dbpXv:
( :)
"Aykabsn Ah \ntmSv tNmZnp

p;AsXtmgmWv hspsXv. ]dbpI: A
Xns\nbp Adnhv Fs cnXmhn am{X
amWv. AXns kabv AXv shfnsSppXv
Ah am{XamIpp. BImifnepw `qanbnepw
AXv `mcnXmbncnpp. s]smsX AXv \n
p hcpIbn. \o AXns\n Npgnt\z
jnp a\nemnbh\msW an \ntmSh
tNmZnpp.]dbpI: AXns\nbp Adnhv A
mlphn am{XamWv. ]s A[nIamfpIfpw
(Imcyw)a\nempn' (AAvdm^v: 187).
102
Ahkm\ \mfns henb ASbmf Hm

tcmpw hv Ignm s]smWv Ahkm\
\m hspI. JpB ]dbpp:

)

( : ( )
"Ahsc hebw sNp Xcnep Amlphn

sin Ahv hspXns\n, Asn
Ah HmmXncns s]sv AyZn\w A
hv hspXns\n Ah \n`bcmbncn
pIbmtWm?' (bqkp^v: 107)

(:) ( )
"Hscm tLmci_vZw am{XamWv Ah Imncn

pXv.Ah At\ym\yw Xnv sImncns
AXhsc ]nSnIqSpw' (bmko:49).
( :( )
"AmlphnmWv BImifnsebpw `qanbnse

bpw AZriyPvRm\apXv.Aykabns Im
cyw Iv Cashpw t]mse am{XamIpp. AYhm
AXns\m thKX IqSnbXmIpp.Xobmbpw
Amlp GXv Imcyn\pw Ignhph\mIpp.'
(\lv:77)
103
)

(: ( )
"P\ Aykabsn \ntmSv tNmZnp

p. ]dbpI: AXns\nbp Adnhv Amlphn
am{XamIpp.\n\v (AXns\n) Adnhp \
Ip FsmmWpXv? Aykabw Hcpthf
kao]kvYambncnmw' (Alvkm_v"63).
Ahkm\ \mfns\bpw,Amlphns\ Ip
appXns\bpw \ntj[nhv AXv hn \
ambncnpw,AhXv hfsc s]sv hp
Xmbn ImWmhpXmWv. AXmWv Amlp ]d
bpXv:
(: ( )
"Amlphpambp IqSnmgvNsb \ntj[np X

nbh Xobmbpw \jvSn s]ncnpp.
As\ s]sv B kabw hsptm A
h ]dbpw: R CXv kw_n Imcyn
hogvN hcpnbXn\m tlm! Rv IjvSw!
Ah AhcpsS ]m]`mc AhcpsS apXpIpI
fn hlnppmbncnpw.Ah t]dp `mcw
F{Xtbm No!' (ABw: 31)
104
:

)

( ( )
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv: {]hmNI() ]dbp

Ibpmbn:(kqcy ]Snmdn \nv DZnmsX
Ahkm\\m kw`hnpIbn, P\ AXv(]
Snmdn) \nv DZnpXv Im Fmhcpw
hnizknpXmWv.Fm AXv (\ns cnXm
hns GsXnepsamcp ZrjvSmw hcp Znhkw,
apv Xs hnizknpItbm, hnizmktmSv Iq
Sn h \abpw sNbvXv shpItbm sNbvXnn
m bmsXmcmpw Xs hnizmkw {]tbmP
\sSpX.) (ABw:158) D]ImcsSn. cm
fpI AhnSbn AhcpsS hkv{Xw hncnncn
pp,AXv icocn NppXn\v apv Ahkm
\ \m kw`hnpI Xs sNpXmWv. Hcm
arKn \npw IdvsImp h ]m IpSn
pXn\v apv Ahkm\ \m kw`hnpI X
105
s sNpXmWv. Hcm Xs sh ev
shw \ndv AXvsImv Irjn \\pXn\v ap
v Ahkm\ \m kw`hnpI Xs sNp
XmWv. Hcm Xs hmbbntev Dbnb `
Ww XnpXn\v apv Ahkm\ \m kw`hnp
I Xs sNpXmWv) (_pJmcn).
Ahkm-\ \m kw`hnp Znhkw:

Ahkm\\m IrXyambn FmWv kw`hn
pIsbv \apv Adnbnmsbnepw AXv kw`
hnpI GXv ZnhkamsWv \_n() \apv ]Tn
nv Xnpv. AXmWv Xmsg hcp lZokn
hniZoIcnsSpXv.

( ( )

A_qlpdbvd() hn \nv; {]hmNI()]dbp

Ibpmbn: (kqcy DZn Znhkfn Ghpw
t{ijvTamb Znhkw shnbmgvN ZnhkamWv, B
ZnhkamWv BZw krnsXpw, kzKn
{]thinnsXpw, AXn \nv ]pdms
Xpw.shnbmgvN ZnhkamsX Ahkm\ \mfpw
kw`hnpIbn) (apkvenw)
106
kqsd Imlfn DuX:

Amlp \nbn kabv Ahkm\ \m
kw`hnpI Xs sNpXmWv.AXn\v Am
lp Nne kwhn[m\ GmSmnbnpv.AXv
sImvXs AsXmw AXns hyhm]nXam
b cq]n \SpXmWv.AXn s]XmWv A
mlp Ahkm\\m kw`hnpXns aptm
Snbmbn kqsd Imlfn DuXphm Nne a
epIsf GmSmnbnpv. AXv Amlphn
s I]\ {]Imcw B DchmZnXzw hfsc `w
Knbmbn sNpXmWv.hnipJpB\n \apv
C{]Imcw ImWmhpXmWv.

( :( )
"Imlfn DuXsSp Znhks (HmpI).

Atm BImifnephcpw,`qanbnephcpw
`bhnlzecmbntmIpw; Amlp Dtinhscmgn
sI. Fmhcpw Ffnbhcmbnsmv Ahs A
Spv sNpIbpw sNpw.' (\wevx 87)

( -( )

ApmC_v\p Awdn \nv: {]hmNI()tbm

Sv Hcp {KmaoW hv tNmZnpIbpmbn:Fm
107
Wv kq FXv? Xncpta\n ]dbpIbpmbn: Du

Xphm\p Hcp sImmIpp. (AlvaZv)

...:
)

...

...

(( )...
\_n() ]dp: (]ns Imlfn DuXpw A

tm Igpv sNcnpw, Dbnbpw sNhn Iq
]nv {inv tImemsX Bcpw AXv tIpI
bn, ]ns t_m[wsIv hogmsX Bcpw Ahti
jnpn, ]ns Amlp Nm ag Cdpp.
Ans\ `qan a\pjys icocs apfnpp,
]ns Imlfn DuXnbm Fmhcpw Db
sgptv ]ckv]cw t\mpIbpw sNpp)(ap
kvenw)
cmaXpw DuXpp:
kq F Imlfn DuXphm G]n
s aemb C{kmô Xs Imlfn
cmw {]mhiyw DuXptm Fmhcpw ]p\Po
hnnsSpp. AXns\ kw_nmWv JpB
]dbpXv:

108

( : ( )

(Imlfn DuXsSpw, Atm BIminep
hcpw,`qanbnephcpw,Ne\ahcmbnXocpw, A
mlp DtinhscmgnsI, ]noSXn asmcn
DuXsSpw. AtmgXm Ah Fgptv t\m
pp) (kpa:68)
( ( )

A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv {]hmNI() ]d

p:(cv DupInSbn \m]XmWv, tNm
Znp:\m]Xv ZnhkamtWm? ]dp: Rm hnk
Xnp, tNmZnp: \m]Xv amkamtWm? ]dp:
Rm hnkXnp. tNmZnp: \m]Xv hjam
tWm? ]dp:Rm hnkXnp. ]dp: Am
lp BImiv \nv shw Cdpp, `qanbn
\nv Noc (sNSnI) apfpXv t]mse Ah D
bsgpt]nsSpp. a\pjys Hcp A
kvXnbm apgph\pw \inv t]mIpp. AXv \
109
sns Ahkm\s `mK(hmpn)amWv, A

hkm\ \mfn AXn \nmWv a\pjys\ ho
pw krnsSpI) (_pJmcn)
Fmw -\inpw:
Ahkm\\m kw`hnptXmsS `qanbpw
AXnepXv apgph\pw \inpXmWv. Amlp
DtinXv am{Xsa AhtijnpIbpq. `qan am
n adnsSpw. Fmw \inpw. Amlp ]dbp
p:

)*(
)
"AhnsS(`qapJv)bp Fmhcpw\inv t]mIp

(- :( )
hcmIpp. alXzhpw DZmcXbpw Dh\mb \n

s cnXmhns apJw AhtijnpXmWv.'(d
lvam: 26,27)
(

)

(:)
"`qan Cu `qanbm asmmbpw, AXv t]mse

BImipw amsSpIbpw GI\pw km[nIm
cnbpamb Amlphntev Ahscmw ]pdv
hcpIbpw sNp Znhkw' (C{_mlow:48).
Imebfhv:
Ahkm\ \mfns ssZLyw hfsc \o
XmWv.JpB ]dbpXv A]Xn\mbncw hj
110
s ssZLyambncnpw Hcp Znhks kabw.

Ans\bp Znhk ASnbXmbncnpw
Ahkm\ \m. JmB ]dbpp:
(*)

(,:( )*( ( ))
"AXn\mbncw sImns AfhpXmb Hcp

Znhkn aepIfpw BXvamhpw Ahtev
IbdntmIpp. Fm (\_ntb,) \o `wKnbmb
a ssIsmpI. Xobmbpw Ah AXns\
hnZqcambn ImWpp.\mw AXns\ ASpXmbpw
ImWpp' (aBcnPv:47).
AhkvY:
Ahkm\ \m kw`hnp Znhkw {]]
n Hcp]mSv kw`hhnImk \Sphm
\pv. AXv hniZambn Xs JpB hniZoIcn
ppapv. AXn NneXv am{Xw BbpIfpsS
ASnm\n hniZoIcnpp:

( : ( )
"\n AXv ImWp Znhkw GsXmcp apesIm

Spp amXmhpw Xm apebqp Ipns\n
A{ibnembntmIpw.K`hXnbmb GsXmcp kv
{Xobpw Xs K`nepXv {]khnp t]mIpI
111
bpw sNpw. P\sf ap]nSnhcmbn \n\v

ImWpIbpw sNmw.(bYmXvYn) Ah el
cn _m[nhc. ]s, Amlphns in ITn
\amIpp.' (lv: 2)

) )*(

( )*(
(-:)
"Fm \n AhnizknpIbmsWn,Ipn
Isf \chcmnop Hcp Znhks \n
v Fs\ kqnm\mhpw? AXp \nanw
BImiw s]mnnfcpXmWv.Amlphns hmKv
Zm\w {]mhnIamsSpXmIpp. Xobm
bpw CsXmcp Dt_m[\amIpp. AXn\m h
h\pw Dtinp ]w Ah Xs cnXmhn
tev Hcp amKw kzoIcnp sIms.'(apkn
: 17, 18, 19)

) )*( )*(

(*)
)*(
)*(

)*(
)*(

( -: ( )

"`qan {]I\w sImnsm (AXns `b

camb B {]I\w. `qan AXns `mc ]pdw
XpIbpw, AXn\v Fp]n Fv a\pjy ]d
112
bpIbpw sNbvXm. At Znhkw AXv (`qan) A

Xns ham\ ]ddnbnpXmWv. \n
s cnXmhv AXn\v t_m[\w \InbXv \nan
w. At Znhkw a\pjy ]e kwLfmbn
]pdsSpXmWv. Ahv AhcpsS I
ImWnstSXn\mbnv. Atm B Hcp A
Wphns Xqw \a sNbvXncppthm Ah\Xv
ImWmw. B Hcp AWphns Xqw Xna sNbv
Xncppthm Ah AXpw ImWmw"(kke: 18)
(*)
)*(
)*(
)
(-:( )
)*(

"`bcamb Bkw`hw.`bcamb kw`hw Fm

FmIpp?`bcamb kw`hsam Fm
sWv \n\dnbptam? a\pjyam NnnnXdn
b ]msbtmse BIp Znhkw! ]X I
S Bn tcmaw t]msebpw"(AJmcnAx 15)

(*))
)*(
)*(

(-: )*( ( )
"FtmgmWv Cu Dbnsgpt]ns \m F
h tNmZnpp.Fm Iv AntmIpI
bpw N{v {KlWw _m[npIbpw kqcy\pw N
{\pw HcpanpIqsSpIbpw sNbvXm! At Zn
hkw a\pjy ]dbpw; FhnsSbmWv HmSn c
sSm\psXv' (Jnbmax 610)
113

)*(
)*( )*(
)

)*( )*(
)*(

)*(
)*( )*(

)*(

()*( )*(

( -:)
"kqcy NpnsmXnbsSptm, \{X D

Xnp hogptm,]X kcnnsSp
tm, ]qK`nWnIfmb HI AhKWn
sSptm, h\yarK Hcpanp IqsSp
tm, kap{Z BfnnsSptm, B
XvamhpI IqnbnWsSptm, (Poht\msS)
Ipgnp aqSs s]IpntbmSp tNmZnsSp
tm, Xm Fsmcp Ipn\mWv sImsXv
Fv.(I tcJsSpnb) GSpI Xpdp
shsSptm.D]cntemIw ad \on ImWn
sSptm Pzenp \cImKv\n Bfnn
sSptm.kzKw ASpp sImphcsSptm
' (XIvho: 113)
)*(
)*(
)

( -: ( )
(*)
)*(
"BImiw s]mn ]nfcptm. \{X sImgn

p hogptm.kap{Z s]mn HgpIptm.
J_vdpI CfnadnsSptm Hmtcm hyIv
114
Xnbpw Xm apIqn sNbvXp shXpw ]ntmv

amnshXpw FmsWv AdnbpXmWv.' (C
^nXzm: 15)
NpcppIbpw, ]nSnpIbpw sNpp:

Ahkm\ \mfn Amlp BImis Np
cppIbpw, `qansb ]nSnpIbpw sNpsav Jp
B \tmSv ]dbpp. CsXmw Ahkm\ \mfn
s òIcXsb kw_nmWv \tmSv ]dbpXv.
( : ( )

"Amlpsh IWmt \nebn Ah IW

mnbnn.Dbnsgpt]ns \mfn `qan
apgph Ahs Hcp ssI]nSnbn HXppXm
bncnpw. BImi Ahs heXp ssIn
Npcpn ]nSnshbpambncnpw. Ahs\{X ]cn
ip! Ah ]ptNpXns\mw Ah A
XoX\mbncnpp' (kpa:67).

( :( )
"{KfpsS GSpI Npcpp {]Imcw BImi

s \mw Npcpnfbp Znhkw! BZyambn kr
jvSn Bcw`nXv t]mses \mw AXv Bh
115
npXpamWv. \mw _m[yXtb Hcp hmKvZm\

as{X AXv. \mw (AXv) \SnempI Xs sNp
XmWv.' (A_nbmAv: 104)

( ( )
A_qkeabn \nv, A_qlpdbvd() ]dbpI

bpmbn:({]hmNI() ]dbpXmbn Rm tI
pIbpmbn: (Amlp `qansb ]nSnpIbpw,
BImis Ahs heXv In NpcppIbpw
sNbvXv sImv ]dbpw: Rm\mWv cmPmhv, FhnsS
bmWv `qanbpsS cmPmm) (_pJmcn).

(( )

ApmC_v\p Da() ]dp: {]hmNI()

]dp: (DX\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb Amlp A
hkm\ \mfn BImis Npcppp, ]ns A
Xns\ Xs heXvIn FSppp,XpSv tNm
Znpp:Rm\mWv cmPmhv, FhnsSbmWv Alm
cnI, tkzOm[n]XnI, ]ns `qan Xs CSXv
116
In NpcppIbpw,]ns ]dbpIbpw sNpp:

Rm\mWv cmPmhv, FhnsSbmWv tkzOm[n]XnI
fpw, AlmcnIfpw) (apkvenw)
( ( )

A_vZpmlv() ]dbpp: blqZ ]ptcmlnXmcn

s] Hcp ]ptcmlnX hvsImv {]hmNI
()tbmSv ]dbpIbpmbn: Atbm apltZ,
\mw ImWpI Xs sNpw,Xobmbpw Amlp
BImis Hcp hncenepw, `qanIsf Hcp hncen
epw, acsf Hcp hncenepw, shsbpw ap
Isfbpw Hcp hncenepw, apgph krnIsfbpw
Hcp hncenepw Bnsmv ]dbpw Rm\mWv cm
Pmhv Fv. ]ptcmlnX ]dXv bmYmyam
sW cq]n {]hmNIs ]pI ImWpam
dv \_n()NncnpIbpmbn.]noSv dkqepmlv
() Xmsg hcp Bbv ]mcmbWw sNbvXp:
117
( : ( )

"Amlpsh IWmt \nebn Ah IW

mnbnn.Dbnsgpt]ns \mfn `qan
apgph Ahs Hcp ssI]nSnbn HXppXm
bncnpw. BImi Ahs heXp ssIn
Npcpn]nSnshbpambncnpw. Ahs\{X ]cn
ip! Ah ]ptNpXns\mw Ah A
XoX\mbncnpp' (kpa:67). (_pJmcn)
s]mSns]mSnbmpp:
Cu temIns Ahkm\ \mfn Am
lp ]Xsf s]mSns]mSnbmpIbpw, Imn
]mdn]dp cq]nempXmWv.AXmWv Jp
B \tmSv ]dv XcpXv:

( )

(-:( ( ))
"Imlfn Hcp Duv DuXsm, `qanbpw ]

Xfpw s]mnsbSpsSpIbpw Fnv A
h cpw Hcp CSnp XIen\v hnt[bams
SpIbpw sNbvXm! At Znhkw B kw`hw
kw`hnpIbmbn' (lmJvJx 13 15).

(: ( )
)
118
"`qanbpw ]Xfpw hndsImpIbpw ]X

Henp t]mIp aW Ipv t]msebmhp
Ibpw sNp Znhkn' (apkn:14).

( )
)
( -:( ( ))
"]Xsf kw_nv Ah \ntmSv tNmZn

pp. ]dbpI: Fs cnXmhv Ahsb s]mSn
v ]mnfbpXmWv. Fnv Ah AXns\ k
a\ncmb ssaXm\amn hnSpXmWv. Cdtam
Ibtam \o AhnsS ImWpIbn' (Xzmlx105107).
InsSpp:
Ahkm\ \mfn kap{Zs InsSp
p. AXns\ kw_nv JpB ]dbpXv
t\mpI:

( :) ()
"kap{ZBfnnsSptm'(XIvho: 6)

(:) ( )
"kap{Z s]mn HgpIptm.' (C^nXzm:3)
kcnpIbpw, DXnv hogpIbpw sNpp:

Ahkm\ \mfn Amlp BImis k
cnnpIbpw, AXpt]mse DXnn hogvXp
Ibpw sNpXmWv. Amlp ]dbpp:
119

( : ( )
"BImiw iIvXnbmbn {]I\w sImp Znh

kw'(Xzq:9).

( : ( )
)
"BImiw s]mn ]nfcptm.' (C^nXzm:1)

(:( )
)
"Fm BImiw s]mnnfcpIbpw, AXv Ipg

p t]mepXpw tdmkv \ndapXpw Bbno
cpIbpw sNbvXm' (dlvam: 37)

( : ( )
)

"BImiw s]mnnfcpIbpw sNpw. Av AXv

Zp_eambncnpw.' (lmJvJx16)
( :) ( )
"BImiw ]nfcptm," (CinJmJv:1)
kqcy\pw, \{Xfpw:

( : ( )
)
"kqcy NpnsmXnbsSptm,' (XIvho: 1)

(:) ( )
"N{v {KlWw _m[npIbpw' (Jnbma:8)

(: ( )
)
"\{X sImgnp hogptm.' (C^n

Xzm:2)
120

(:) ( )
"\{X DXnp hogptm,' (XIvho: 2)
kqcy ASppp:
Amlp A\p{Klnv hfsc \nnXamb
cq]n \apv kwhn[m\nv XXmWtm kq
cy. \mw Bcpw B{KlnmsX, {]XonmsX,
BhiysSmsX, {]Xnêw \ImsX Fpw cm
hnse {]Imiw \In sImncnp kqcy.
B kqcys\ kw_nv \mw Nnnnptm? B
cmWv AXv kwhn[m\nXv FXns\ kw_nv
\mw BtemNnnptm? AXns m\w a\p
jy\v D]ImcapXmhm hfsc IrXyambn kw
hn[m\nXns\ kw_nv \mw DmtemNnnp
tm? AsXm\pw A]w IqSn hnZqcm
sWn Cu `qan apgph\pw, AXnse a\pjy\S
ap k hkvXpfpw XWpv ImcWm
sFkmbn t]mIpambncpp, AX]w ASpv
hm `qan apgph\pw Icnv t]mIpambncpp.
Atm kqcy\neqsS Amlp \apv \Ip
A\p{Kl F{Xam{XamsWv \mw BtemNn
pI. Ans\bp kqcy Ahkm\ \mfn
ASpv hcpXmWv. AXmWv \_n \s ]Tnn
pXv:
121

( ( )

anJvZmZv_v\p AkvhZv()hn \nv: dkqep

mlv() ]dbpXmbn Rm tIpIbpm
bn: (Ahkm\ \mfn kqcy krnItfmSv ASp
pXmWv, Hcp sabn Zqcw hsc ASpp
XmWv. kpsseam C_v\p Ban ]dp:
Amlp XsbmWv kXyw! sabn sImv
AampXv `qanbnse sabn BtWm, AX
; In\v kpdpabnSp tImemtWmsbv F\n
dnbn. ]dp: P\ AhcpsS {]h\
\pkcnv hnbn apnIpfnv sImn
cnpXmWv, Ahcn scnbmWnhsc apn
bhcpmIpw, Ahcn Imapv hsc hnbn
apnbhcpmIpw, Ahcn Acsv hsc hn
bn apnbhcpmIpw, Ahcn Nnesc
CXvhsc hnbv aqSnfbpXmWv, dkqep
122
mlv() Xs ssI sImv hmbbntev Bw

Kyw ImWnpIbpmbn) (_pJmcn).
]p-\PohnXw:
Imlfn cmaXv DuXnbm acnh
scsbmw Amlp Pohnnpp, Ans\ tem
IcnXmhns apn Fgptv \nIpp, I
cocntev BXvamhns\ aSphm thn Im
lfn DuXphm Amlp I]nm Ah
Fgptv alvidbntev [yXnsv sImv hkv
{Xw [cnmsX, sNcnv [cnmsX kqW \
cmbn ]pdsSpp. tNemIaw sNmhcmbn,
HpanmsX aqIcmbn sImv Cu \n \o
v t]mIpp, kqcy ASpv hcpIbpw NqSv A
[nIcnpIbpw sNpp.
]p-\PohnXw bmYmyw:
sFlnI temIn\v Hcp Ahkm\apv,
AXn\v tijw Amlp Dtinptm Fm
a\pjyscbpw ]p\PohnnsSpXmWv. AXv
]caamb kXyamWv, bmYmyamWv. JpB
\nsbpw {]hmNINcybpsSbpw kXyX AwKoI
cnphv Ahbn [mcmfw sXfnhpI Im
WmhpXmWv. Fm AXwKoIcnmsX _p
npw, bpnpw {]m[m\yw \Iphv A
123
Xn\\pkcnp sXfnhpIfpw ImWmhpXmWv.

PohnXw \IpIbpw, AXn\v tijw acWw \
IpIbpw sNbvXh\v HcnIqSn PohnXw \Ip
hm km[nph\mWv Amlp Fv hyam
hp cq]n acn Nne hynIsf Pohnnv
P\v ImWnp sImSpXmbn hnipJp
B\n Xs \apv hniZamncppv. hn
ipJpB\pw Xncpkppw hniZampXv
{inpI:

(: ( )
)
((\_nsb)]dbpI, AsX, Fs cnXmhns\ X
sbmWv kXyw, \n Dbsgpt]n

sSpw) (XKm_p: 7)

( : ( )
)

(BZyambn krn Bcw`nXv t]mses \mw

AXv Bcw`npXmWv) (A_nbm: 104)
"Atm \mw \nsf hrYm krjvSnXmsW

pw, \psS ASptev \n aSsSp
Ibnspw \n IWmnbncnpIbm
tWm?' (apAvan\q:115)
Amlp ]coWmw \apv \Inb
Cu sFlnI PohnXn\v tijw \s acnn
pIbpw, ]noSv Iv Alamb {]Xn
124
êw \Iphm\mbn \s Ah Hcn IqSn

Pohnnpp. AXmWv Amlp ]dbpXv:

:( ( )))
(-
"]noSv Xobmbpw \n AXn\p tijw acn

phcmIpp. ]noSv Dbnsgpt]ns
\mfn Xobmbpw \n Fgpt]ns
SpXmWv' (apAvan\q:15,16)
acnv ambnt]mbXn\v tijw hopw Po
hnnphm Fns\bmWv km[npIsbv
_pnPohnIfpw, bpnhmZnIfpw tNmZnpp.
Fm Hcp km[\w cmaXpw DmpIsb
Xv hfsc FfpamWv. Fm BZyambn Dm
phm\mWv _pnappw {]bmkhpapmIpI. A
XvsImv XsbmWv Amlp a\pjys {]mcw`
PohnX L Hmtcmpw hniZoIcnv sImv
\nsf CtX cq]n krnphm Ignhp
h\v hopw AXv aSn sImphcphm bmsXm
cp _pnappanmsbmWv JpB\neqsS _pn
bpw bpnbpap \ a\kns DSaIfmbh
tcmSv ]dbpXv:
125

(: ( )

"a\pjytc, Dbnsgpt]ns\ ]n \n
kwibnemsWn (BtemNnv t\mpI:)
Xobmbpw \mamWv \nsf an \npw,
]noSv _oPn \npw, ]noSv {`qWn \n
pw, A\cw cq]w \IsXpw cq]w \I
sSmXpamb amwk]nWvUn \npw krjv
SnXv. \mw \nv Imcy hniZamncm
thn (]dbpIbmIpp.) \mw DtinpXn
s\ \nivNnXamb Hcp Ah[nhsc \mw K`mib
fn Xmaknnpp. ]noSv \nsf \mw in
ipfmbn ]pdv sImp hcpp. A\cw
\n \nfpsS ]q iIvXn {]m]npXp
hsc (\mw \nsf hfpp.) (t\cs) Po
hnXw Ahkm\nnsSphcpw \nfpsS Iq
nepv. AdnhpmbncpXn\v tijw bmsXm
pw AdnbmXmIpw hn[w Ghpw Ahiamb
{]mbntev aSsSphcpw \nfpsS Iq
nepv. `qan hcp \nPohambn InSp
Xmbn \n\v ImWmw. Fnv AXnta \mw
shw sNmcnm AXv CfIpIbpw hnIkn
126
pIbpw, IuXpIap FmXcw sNSnItfbpw

AXv apfnpIbpw sNpp.' (lv:5)
Cu temIs PohXhpw acWhpw A\p{K
lnv \Inb Amlphn\v \nsf J_dn
\npw Dbsgpt]nphm bmsXmcp {]
bmkhpan. Ah Fmn\pw Ignhph\m
Wv. AXmWv Amlp \s DWpXv:

()
( -:( )

"AsXpsImsm Amlp XsbmWv k

Xyambph. Ah acnhsc Pohnnpw. A
h GXv Imcyn\pw Ignhph\mWv. Ayk
abw hcnI XssNpw. AXn bmsXmcp kwi
bhpan. J_vdpIfnephsc Amlp Dbns
gpt]npIbpw sNpw' (lv:6,7)
IqSn
\mw
dkqepmlv() ]dbpXv
{inpI:

)

:
) (

( ( )

\_n() ]dp: ]ns Imlfn DuXpw A

tm Igpv sNcnpw, Dbnbpw sNhn
127
Iq]nv {inv tImemsX Bcpw AXv

tIpIbn, ]ns t_m[w sIv hogmsX
Bcpw Ahtijnpn, ]ns Amlp
Nm(An XW) ag Cdpp. (dntm
I\mb \pAvam\n\v kwibambn) Ans\ `qan
a\pjys icocs apfnpp, ]ns Iml
fn DuXnbm Fmhcpw Dbsgptv
]ckv]cw t\mpIbpw sNpp) (apkvenw)

( )

)

( -:( )
(FpI
{Zhnvt]mbncns BcmWv Ahv

Poh \IpXv, ]dbpI BZyXhW Ahsb
Dmnbh\mtcm Ah Xs Bhv Poh
\IpXmWv, Ah FmXcw kynns\n
bpw Adnhph\s{X. (( bmko) (7879)
A\p`hw kmn:
]p\PohnXw bmYmyamsWv m]n
phm\pw, _pnbphv a\knemphm\pam
bn DZmlcW \ncpIbmWv JpB\neqsS.
kqdv A _Jdbn CXn\v Av DZmlcW
fpv, aqkm\_nbpsS P\Xsb AhcpsS ac
Wn\v tijw Amlp Pnhnnp, _\q C{km
boepIm sIm hyn, acWs `bsv sIm
v hon \npw HmSnbh, {KmaneqsS k
128
cn {]hmNI, C{_mlnw() s ]n Fnh

bmIpp AXv.
aqkm\_n() bpsS P\Xsb kw_nv
]dbpp:

)

(
(*)
(- :)
"Hm; aqkm, R Amlpsh {]Xyambn Im

WpXv hsc Xmsf R hnizknpItb
C Fv \n ]d k`w (HmpI.)
Xnanw \n t\mn \ns CSno \n
sf ]nSnIqSn. ]noSv \nfpsS acWn\v ti
jw \nsf \mw Fgpt]np. \n \n
bphcmbnocm thn.'(A_Jd: 55 56)
_\q C{kmboepIm h[n hynsb
Amlp Pohnnpp:

(: ( )
"Atm \mw ]dp: \n AXns (]ip

hns) HcwiwsImv B arXtZln ASn
pI. A{]Imcw Amlp acWshsc Pohnn
pp. \n Nnnphm thn Ahs
129
ZrjvSm \nh ImWnpXcpp'

(A_Jd: 73).
acWs `bsvsImv hon \npw
HmSnbhsc Amlp acnnpIbpw, Ahsc ho
pw PohnnpIbpw sNpp. AXns\ kw_
nv JpB ]dbpp:

( : ( )

"BbncWn\v BfpIfpmbnpw acW`bw

sImv kzw hoSv hnv Cdntmb Hcp P\X
sbn \o Adnnt? Atm Amlp Ah
tcmSv ]dp: \n acnp sImpI. ]noSv
Amlp Ahv Poh \In. Xobmbpw
Amlp a\pjytcmSv HuZmcyw ImWnph\m
Ipp. ]s a\pjycn A[nIt]cpw \nIm
Wnpn'(A_Jd: 243)
{KmaneqsS kcn Hcp {]hmNIs\
kw_nv Amlp kqdp _Jdbn ]d
bpIbmWv:
130

( :( )

"AsnenXm, asmcmfpsS DZmlcWw. taqc

ItfmsS hoWSnv InSpIbmbncp Hcp
]WneqsS Atlw kcnpIbmbncpp.
(Atm) Atlw ]dp: \nPohambntmb
Xn\ptijw CXns\ Fs\bmbncnpw Amlp
PohnnpXv. XpSv Amlp Atls \q
dp hjw \nPohmhkvYbnempIbpw ]noSv
Atls Dbnsgpt]npIbpw sNbv
Xp. A\cw Amlp tNmZnp: \o F{XImew
(\nPohmhkvYbn) IgnpIqn? Hcp Znhktam,
Hcp Znhkns A]`mKtam (BWv Rm
IgnpIqnbXv); Atlw adp]Sn ]dp. A,
\o \qdp hjw IgnpIqnbncnpp. \ns
Blmc]m\ob t\mq Ahbvv amw hn
n. \ns IgpXbpsS t\v t\mq. (AsX
s\bpsv). \ns a\pjysmcp ZrjvSmam
phm thnbmIpp \manXv sNbvXXv. B F
pI \mw Fs\ IqnbnWpIbpw Fnh
sb amwkn s]mXnbpIbpw sNppshpw
\o t\mpI Fv Ah (Amlp) ]dp. A
s\ Atln\v (Imcyw) hyIvX ambtm
Atlw]dp:Xobmbpw Amlp FmImcy
131
pw Ignhph\mWv Fv Rm a\nem
pp'(A_Jd: 259)
C{_mlow \_n()
Xs dnt\mSv
Amlpsh, \o Fns\bmWv acnhsc Pohnn
pIsbv tNmZntm Amlp AtltmSv
]nIsf ]nSnphm ]dbpIbpw Fnv Ah
sc IjvWamn ]Xfn hnXdm ]dbp
p. B Ncn{Xw JpB hniZoIcnpXv \mw
{inpI:

(:( )
"Fs \mYm! acWshsc \o Fs\ Pohnn

pp shv F\nv \o ImWnpXtcWta Fv
C{_mlow ]d k`hpw ({itbamIpp.)
Amlp tNmZnp: \o hnizknnnt? C{_mlow
]dp: AsX. ]s, Fs a\n\v kam[m\w
e`nm thnbmIpp. Amlp ]dp: F
m \o \mep ]nIsf ]nSnpIbpw Ahsb
\nntev ASpnpIbpw (Ahsb IjvWnn
v) AhbpsS Hmtcm Awiw Hmtcm aebnepw sh
pIbpw sNpI. Fnhsb \o hnfnpI.
132
Ah \ns ASp HmSnhcpXmWv. Amlp

{]Xm]hm\pw bpIvXnam\pamWv Fv \o a\n
empIbpw sNpI' (A_Jd: 260)
bpIvXnbpw kmnbmhpp:
1 ( AmlphmIpp BImi `qanIsfbpw AXn
epXns\bpw BZyambn krnXv, BZyambn
krnh\v ]ns AXns\ aSn krnphm
Hcp {]bmkhpan. AXmWv Amlp ]dbpXv:

( :( )
"{KfpsS GSpI Npcpp {]Imcw BIm

is \mw Npcpnfbp Znhkw! BZyambn
krjvSn Bcw`nXv t]mses \mw AXv Bh
npXpamWv. \mw _m[yXtb Hcp hmKvZm
\as{X AXv. \mw (AXv) \SnempI Xs sN
pXmWv.' (A_nbmAv: 104)
( :( )

"h\mIpp krjvSn Bcw`nph. ]ns A

h AXv Bhnpp. AXv Ahs\ kw_
nnStmfw IqSpX FfpapXmIpp. B
Imifnepw `qanbnepw Ghpw DXamb Ah
133
kvYbpXv AhmIpp. Ah {]Xm]nbpw

bpIvXnam\pas{X' (dqw:27)
2 `qan \nPohmhkYbnembncnptm
Amlp AXn ag hjnnv AXn Pohs
]pmpp AXn IuXpIap Fm k
kyhfpapv, Ans\ AXns \nPohmh
kYv tijw Poh \Im Ignhphv ]p
\Pohnnphm\pw Ignbpw.

( :( )

"Atm Amlphns ImcpWyns ê

t\mq. `qan \nPohambncpXn\v tijw F
s\bmWv Ah AXn\v Poh \IpXv?
Xobmbpw AXv sNph acnhsc Pohnn
pI Xs sNpw. Ah GXv Imcyn\pw I
gnhph\s{X'(dqw:50).
(: ( )
"AmlphmWv ImpIsf Abh. As\

Ah taLs CfnhnSpp. Fnv B taL
s \nPohamb \mntev \mw sXfnpsImv
t]mIpIbpw, AXpaptJ\ `qansb AXns \nPo
hmhkvYbvv tijw \mw kPohampIbpw sN
134
pp. AXpt]mse XsbmIpp Dbnsgp

t]v' (^mXzn:9)

( :( )

"\o `qansb hcpWnbXmbn ImWpp. F

nv AXn \mw shw hjnm AXn\v Ne
\apmhpIbpw AXv hfcpIbpw sNpp. C
Xpw Ahs ZrjvSmfn s]Xs{X. AXn\v
Poh \Inbh Xobmbpw acnhpw
Poh \Iph\mIpp. Xobmbpw Ah
GXpImcyn\pw Ignhph\mIpp' (^pne
v:39).

)
(
( :)
"BImiv \nv Hcp tXmXv A\pkcnv shw

hjnp XcnIbpw sNbvXh. Fnv AXv aqew
\mw \nPohamb cmPys ]p\cpohnnp.
AXv t]mse Xs \nfpw (acWm\cw) ]pd
p sImp hcsSpXmWv' (kpJpdp^v:11).
\ntj[w Ahnizmkw:
sFlnI PohnXn\v tijw Fmw am
bn t]mhpIbmsX {]Xnêw \Ip Hcp ]c
temIanmsbv hmZnpXpw, hnizknp
135
Xpw Ckveman \nv ]pdvt]mIp ImcyamWv.

ImcWw Ckvemans ASnm\ {]amWamb
JpB\pw Xncpkppw hyXy `mKfnem
bn hfsc hyambn ]dnp ImcyamWv C
ltemI PohnXn\v Hcp Ahkm\apv. AXn\v
tijw apgph a\pjypw AhcpsS sFlnI
PnhnXn {]hn {]hnIv Al
amb inm cI \Ip Hcp ]ctemIw
Dv FXv. AXvsImv Xs AXns\ \ntj[n
pXv AhnizmkamWv, Ckveman \nv ]pd
vt]mIp ImcyamWv. AXmWv Amlp \s
]TnnpXv:
(:) ( )
"Ahnizknh ]dp: Rfpw RfpsS ]n

Xmfpsams ambngnm R (ih
IpSocfn \nv) ]pdv sImphcsSp
hcmsWtm?' (\wev:67)
(: ( )
"\o AXv`pXsSppshn AhcpsS Cu hm

s{X AXv`pXIcambnpXv. R ambngn
ntm? R ]pXpXmbn krjvSnsSpI X
s sNptam? AqcmWv XfpsS cnXmhn
136
Ahnizknh. AqcmWv IgppIfn

hnepIfph. AqcmWv \cImhIminI
. AhcXn \nXyhmknIfmbncnpw' (dAvZv:5).

( )
)

()
(-: ( )

"Ah ]dncpp; RfpsS sFlnI PohnX

amsX bmsXmpan. R Dbnsgpt
]nsSphcpa Fv. Ah AhcpsS cn
Xmhns apn \nsSp cwKw \o Incp
sn! Ah tNmZnpw: CXv bYmXvYw X
sbt? Ah ]dbpw: AsX; RfpsS cn
Xmhns\ XsbmW kXyw. Ah ]dbpw: F
m \n Ahnizknp sImncpXv \nan
w in BkzZnv sImpI. Amlphpambp
IqSnmgvNsb \ntj[np Xnbh Xo
bmbpw \jvSn s]ncnpp. As\ s]s
v B kabw hsptm Ah ]dbpw: R
CXv kw_n Imcyn hogvN hcpn
bXn\m tlm! Rv IjvSw! Ah Ahcp
sS ]m]`mc AhcpsS apXpIpIfn hlnp
137
pmbncnpw. Ah t]dp `mcw F{Xtbm

No!' (ABwx29 31)

)*(
)

(
*
)

( -: ( )
"Ah ]dp: \mw FpIfpw PoWmhinjvS

fpamb gnm Xobmbpw \mw ]pXnsbmcp
krjvSnbmbn Dbnsgpt]nsSpXm
tWm? (\_ntb,) \o ]dbpI: \n Itm Ccp
tm BbnsmpI. Asn \nfpsS a\
pIfn hepXmbn tXmp GsXnepsamcp
krjvSnbmbnsmpI (Fmepw \n ]p\cp
ohnnsSpw) Atm, BcmWv Rsf
(PohnXntev) Xncnv sImv hcnI? Fv
Ah ]dtpw. \nsf BZyXhW krjvSn
h Xs Fv \o ]dbpI. Atm \ns
t\sc (t\mnbnv) Ah Xebmnsmv ]d
bpw: Ftmgmbncnpw AXv ? \o ]dbpI AXv
ASpv Xs Btbmw' (CkuvdmAv: 49 51).
ImcpWyns dkq() ]dbpXv IqSn
\mw tIpI:
138

:

)

( ( )
A_qlpssdd()hn \nv {]hmNI() ]d

p: (Amlp ]dp: BZw kXnI Fs
kw_nv Ifhv ]dncnpp, Ah An
s\ sNm ]mSnmbncpp, Ah Fs No
]dncnpp, Ah Ans\ sNm ]mSn
mbncpp, Fm Ah FtmSv ]dnp
Ifhv FmWv, Amlp Fs BZyw krn
Xvt]mse aSpIbnmsbmWv, hopw krn
pXnt\m \nmca BZyw krnpI s
Xv (AXv {]bmkamWv, Fm Ahs\ Rm
krnnt?) Fs Ah No ]dXv: Ah
]dbpp, Amlp km\s kzoIcnnp
v, Fm Rm Hcph\pw, \ncm{ib\pamWv,
Rm P\npItbm, P\nnpItbm sNbvXnn,
F\nv ka\mbnv Hpw Xsbn Xm\pw)
(_pJmcn).
BZyambn ]p\PohnnsSpXv:
Ahkm\ \mfn BZyambn J_dns\ ]nf
n ]pdv hcpXv Ahkm\ {]hmNI
139
()bmWv, BZw kXnIfpsS t\Xmhmb apl
Zv()bmIpp. Xncpta\n Xs ]dbs:
( ( )

A_qlpdbvd() ]dbpp: dkqepmlv() ]d

bpIbpmbn: (Ahkm\ \mfn BZw kXnI
fpsS t\Xmhv Rm\mIpp, BZyambn J_ ]nf
n hcpXpw Rm\mIpp, BZyambn ip]m
i ]dbph\pw, ip]mi kzoIcnsSph
\pw Rm\mIpp) (apkvenw)
apgph\mfpIsfbpw Hcpanp Iqpp:

sFlnI temIv Pohnnp apgph a
\pjyscbpw Amlp Hcpanv IqpXmWv. AXn
\nv Bpw Hgnhv Ignhn. Fmhcpw
Amlphns apn hnNmcWmbn Hcpanv
IqpXv XsbmWv, AXn bmsXmcp kwib
hpan. JpB \tmSv ]dbpXv {inpI:

( : ( )
)
"]ctemIinsb `bsSphv Xobmbpw

AXn ZrjvSmapv. k a\pjycpw ktfn
nsSp Hcp ZnhkamWXv. (kcpsSbpw)
140
kmnyapmIp Hcp ZnhkamIpp AXv'

(lqZv: 103).

(
)
)*(
(:)
"\o ]dbpI: Xobmbpw ]qnIcpw ]nme

mcpw Fmw (Hcp \nivNnX Znhks IrXyam
b Hcp Ah[nv HcpanpIqsSph Xsbm
Ipp.' (hmJnAx 49 50)
`qanbpsS GsXnepw Hcp tImWn shv
acnmepw, Fns\ acnmepw, GXv cq]n
acnmepw, acnXn\v tijw Incnv `qanbn
hnXdnbmepw, h\yarK Xnmepw, kap{Zn
s Bgnbn BgvXnbmepw, J_dn J_dSn
bmepw, Csnepw icn Amlp Fmhscbpw
]ctemIv sImphcpXmWv. AXmWv P\
sf Amlp temIm`pX {Kamb JpB\neq
sS XcysSppXv:

(

)
(:)
"\n FhnsSsbmsbmbncpmepw Amlp

\nsfsbmw Hnp sImphcpXmWv. Xo
bmbpw Amlp GXv Imcyn\pw Ignhph\m
Ipp' (A_Jd: 148).
141

( )
)

( : ( )
( )
"BImifnepw `qanbnepap GsXmcmfpw Hcp

Zmks\ \nebn ]caImcpWnIs ASpv
hcph am{Xambncnpw. Xobmbpw Ahsc
Ah XnsSppIbpw FnIWmpIbpw
sNbvXncnpp. Ahtcmtcmcpcpw Dbns
gpt]ns \mfn GImInbmbnsmv Ah
s ASp hcpXmWv.' (Xzmlm:93 95)
Bscbpw HgnhmpIbn. apgph\mfpIsf
bpw Hcpanv IqpXmWv. AXmWv Amlp ]d
bpXv:

( :) ( )
"XpSv Ahcn \nv (a\pjycn \nv) Hcm

sfbpw hnpIfbmsX \mw Ahsc HcpanpIqp
Ibpw sNp Znhkw ({itbamIpp.)' (A
IAv^v: 47)
P\sf Hcpanv Iqp `qansb kw_
nv Xncpta\n \s ]Tnnpp:
: :

( ( )
142
klvev_v\p kAZv ]dbpp: dkqepmlv

() ]dbpXmbn Rm tIpIbpmbn:
(bmsXmcp Iepw IqSm sh \ndnep,
ipamb [m\yw sImpmnb hymIrXn
bnep Hcp sdmnbpsS cq]nep `qanbn P
\sf apgph\pw Ahkm\ \mfn Hcpanv Iqp
XmWv, AhnsS Hcmpw Hcp ASbmfhpap
mbncnn) (_pJmcn, apkvenw)
arKfpw:
]ctemIv Hcpanv IqpXv a\pjysc
am{Xa, adnv arKsft]mepw Hcpanv Iqp
XmWv. {]] krmhmb ]SXpcm Fm
tWm Dtinpv AXh sNpp. AXv tNmZn
phm AlXbph CltemIpw ]ctem
Ipw Xs Bcpan. Amlphns Dti
am{XamWv CcptemIpw \SpI. AXns\ amn
Xncpphmt\m, CmXmphmt\m Bpw X
s A[nImcan. Amlp krnnp apgph
krnIsfbpw, arKsfbpw ]ctemIv
Hcpanv Iqpsav hnipJpB a\pjysc Hm
sSppXv \apv kqdp ABan
hmbnmhpXmWv.
( : ( )

143
"`qanbnep GsXmcp Pphpw, cv NndIpI

sImv ]dp GsXmcp ]nbpw \nsftm
sebp Nne kaql am{XamIpp. {K
n \mw bmsXmpw hogvN hcpnbnn. ]n
oSv XfpsS cnXmhntev Ah Hcpan
pIqsSpXmWv.' (ABw: 38)
hopw JpB ]dbpXv \mw {inpI:

(: ( )
"h\yarK HcpanpIqsSptm'(XIvho:5)
BImi`qanIsf AXns khn[ kwhn
[m\tfmsS krnpIbpw, \nb{npIbpw,
AXn arKsf hn`n cq]n hn\yknpI
bpw sNbvX {]] {kmhn\v B arKsf Hcp
anv IqpIsbXv {]bmkapX hfsc \nm
camWv. AXmWv JpB\n ]dbpXv:

( :( )

"Bimifpw `qanbpw krjvSnXpw Ah cn

epw PohPmesf hym]nnXpw Ahs ZrjvSm
fn s]Xs{X. Ah Dtinptm A
hsc HcpanpIqphm Ignhph\mWv Ah.'
(iqdm:29)
\Kv\cmbn
144
]ctemIv Amlp a\pjysc Hcpanv

IqpXv Cu temIv Fns\bmtWm Ah
hXv AXvt]msebmWv. \cmbn, tNemIw
sNmsX, sNcpv [cnmsXbp Hcpanv Iq
emWXv. {]hmNI() ]dbpXmbn \apv Im
Wm\mhpXmWv:

)

)

( ...
()
C_v\p Amkv()hn \nv; {]hmNI()

]d p: \n \]mZcmbn, \cmbn,
tNemIw
sNmhcmbnmWv
Hcpanv
IqpI. Cnv ]cmbWw sNbvXp: BZyambn
krjvSn Bcw`nXv t]mses \mw AXv
BhnpXpamWv. \mw _m[yXtb Hcp
hmKvZm\as{X AXv. \mw (AXv) \SnempI
Xs sNpXmWv.' (A _nbmAv: 104)
]ctemIv
BZyambn
hkv{Xw
[
cnnsSpXv C{_mloamIpp) (_pJmcn)
145

( ( )
Bbnim()bn \nv,Ah ]dp: {]hmNI

() ]dbpXmbn Rm tIpIbpmbn: A
hkm\\mfn P\ Hcpanv IqsSpXv \
]mZcmbn, \cmbn, tNemIw sNmhcm
bnsmmbncnpw. Atm Rm tNmZnp:
Amlphns {]hmNIsc, kv{Xo ]pcpjmsc
apgph\pw Hcpanv Iqptm Ah ]ckv]cw
Atmpantmpw t\mpIbnt, Atm d
kqepmlv() ]dbpIbpmbn: Bbnim(), B
kabv Ah ]ckv]cw t\mpXnt\m
Imcyw hfsc ImTn\yapXmbncnpw) (apkvenw)
Fmw t\cntSXv Hv:

Cu temIv Pohnp a\pjy\v Hcp]mSv
klmbnIfpmIpw. ]cnemf\I \Ip am
Xm]nXmfpw, kvt\lw \Ip CWIfpw, I
Ipfpa \Ip km\fpw, sFizcyw \
Ip kpw, ktmjw \Ip m\
am\fpw Fmw Iqn\pmIpw. tcmKw hm
NnInknphm Hcp]mSmfpIfpmhpw, _pn
appI t\cntSn hcptm Bizmkns
hmpIfpambn Fphm IqpImcpmIpw. F
146
m CsXmw A\p`hnv Pohnncp a\pjy

s icocn \npw Ahs\ Ah\mn Xo
ncp BXvamhv ths]vt]mbm ]ns Ah
arX icocambn. Ahs t]cv acWn\v apv
Fmbncpmepw icn Ah ]noSv ihambn
XocpIbmWv. Ahs\ Fmhcpw av FmWv
hnfnpXv. Ans\ acWw apX Ahtijn
p apgph Imcyfpw t\cntSXv Ah
HmWv. \mw C{Xbpw Imew Azm\nXv \p
sS IpSpw_n\msWn B IpSpw_w \s
cnm\pmhn. \psS [\w D]ImcsSn,
\psS {]Xm]n\v \s Hv klmbnm
km[ya. Fm Imcyfpw t\cntSn hcpXv
HmWv. AXmWv JpB ]dbpXv:

( : ( )

(AhtcmSv Amlp ]dbpw:) \nsf \mw BzyL
n krjvSnXv t]mses \nfnXm

\psS Asp Hshcmbn hsnbncn
pp. \nv \mw A[o\sSpnXsX
mw \nfpsS ]nn \n hntv t]mncn
pp. \nfpsS Imcyn (Amlphns) ]
pImcmsWv \n P]nncp \nfpsS
147
B ip]mimsc \ntfmsSmw \mw ImWpn

. \n Xnep _w Apt]mIpIbpw
\n P]nncpsXmw \nsf hnpt]mIp
Ibpw sNbvXncnpp. (ABw: 94)
Xm A`napJoIcnv sImncnp {]bm
kn \nv csSphm Fm amKfpw
Ah BtemNnv t\mpXmWv. ]t, c
bn. Amlphns ASpv csSphm\p
amKw ssZhnI \nba ssZhnI {]hmNI
(kmamcneqsS hXvt]mse kzoIcnpI FXv
am{Xsabpp. acWhpw, J_ PohnXhpw, J_
dnse A\p`hfpw, alvidpw, hnNmcWbpw, {K
kzoIcnepw, kzndmv ]mew ISepw,
\cIw Zinepw, \cIntem kzKntem {]
thinepw XpSnb apgph Imcyfpw t\cn
tSXv kzw icocamWv. AXn klmbnm
\mbn Bcpw Xsbnmsbv a\knempI.
kpw, km\fpw, ip]mibpw, kvYm\am\

fpw D]ImcsSn:
sFlnI PohnXn Pohnphm Ah
kcw {kmhv \Inbnv AXv ê{]Zamb cq]
n D]ImcsSpmsX ]mgmn If a\p
jy X ]mgmn If Bbpn\v Al
amb in e`nptm AXn \nv csS
148
phm thn Xm kmZn apgph Imcy

{]mbvnambn \In AXn \nv csSp
hm B{Klnpw, ]t, cbpmhn. Ah
cn \nv bmsXmpw Xs kzoIcnpIbn.
Ah XfpsS cnXmhnt\mSv ]dvt\mpw,
Fmw {]mbvnambn \Imw Fh ]dbpw
]t, kzoIcnn. JpB AhcpsS Ah
hniZoIcnv Xcppv.
( : ( )

"Dbnsgpt]ns \mfnse in Hgnhmbn

nphm thn {]mbivNnw \ipXn\m
bn kXy\ntj[nIfpsS ssIhiw `qanbnepXv
apgpsbpw, A{XXs thsdbpw Dmbncpm
t]mepw Ahcn \nv Axv kzoIcnsSpI
bn Xs. Ahv thZ\tbdnb inbmWp
Xv.' (amCZ:36)
]ctemIv km\fpw, kpw D]
ImcsSn. Amlp ]dbpp:

(:) ( )
"AXmbXv kztm km\tfm {]tbmP\s

Sm Znhkw.' (ipAdm:88)
Bcpw Bscbpw csSpm, I
hStam, kmtlmZcy_tam, ip]mitbm D]Im
149
csSm Znhkw. B ZnhkamWv hn[n \Smp

Znhkw, Iv XXmb {]Xnêw
\Ip Znhkw. AXns\ kw_nv JpB
]dbpXv Hv {inv t\mq:

( : ()
"kXyhnizmknItf, {Ibhn{Ibtam kvt\l_

tam ip]mitbm \Sm Hcp Znhkw hs
pXn\p apmbn, \nv \mw \Inbnp
Xn \nv \n sNehgnphn. kXy\n
tj[nI XsbmIpp A{IanI.' (A_J
d: 254)
Cu Zp\nbmhn Hcp]mSv Imcy sImv
\apv c t\Sphm km[ntmw, Fm H
pw c \Im Znhkw \nfpsS apn
hcm\pv, B Znhks \n kqnWsa
v IqSn JpB a\pjysc XmoXv sNpp:

)

(: ( )
"Hcmpw asmcmpthn Hcp D]Imchpw

sNphm ]m, Hcmfn \npw Hcp {]mb
ivNnhpw kzoIcnsSm, Hcmpw Hcp
ip]mibpw {]tbmP\sSm, Bpw Hcp k
lmbhpw e`nm Hcp Znhks (\ymbhn[n
150
bpsS Znhks) \n kqnpIbpw sN

pI' (A_Jd: 123)
B Zn\w hspIbmsWn kzw k
tlmZcamcpw, amXm]nXmfpw, cnXmfpw,
CWIfpw, km\fpw ]ckv]cw HmSnsbmfn
psapw, Hmtcm hynpw Xs _m[np
Imcy Xs t\mphm\pw Nnnphm\pw
[mcmfw DmIpsav IqSn JpB P\sf
Hcp XmoXv F \nebn DWpXv IqSn
ImWpI:

)*(

)
)*(

( )
(
(
*
)
(-:)
"Fm sNInSSnp B i_vZw hm. A

XmbXv a\pjy Xs ktlmZcs\ hnv HmSntm
Ip Znhkw. Xs amXmhns\bpw ]nXmhns\
bpw. Xs `mcysbbpw asfbpw. Ahcns
Hmtcm a\pjy\pw X\nv aXnbmhp{X (Nnm)
hnjbw Av Dmbncnpw.' (A_k: 33 37)
B Znhkw NnebmfpIfpsS apJw NpfnbpI
bpw, sNfn ]pcfpIbpw, IdppIbpw sNptm
, ap NnecpsS apJw {]Imi]qcnXhpw, {]tim`n
psapw Amlp \s Adnbnpp. BcpsS
apJamWv {]tim`npI, BcpsS apJamWv Idp
151
pIbpw s]mSn ]pcfpIbpw sNpIsbXv Jp

B ]TnpXneqsS am{Xsa \apv Ism
\mhpIbpq. JpB AXns\ kw_nv
]dbpXv IqSn \mw tIpI:

)*(
)*(
)

( -:)*( )*( ( )
"Av Nne apJ {]kXbphbmbncnpw

Nncnphbpw ktmjw sImphbpw. th
sd Nne apJfmIs Av s]mSn ]pcncnpw.
Ahsb Iqcncpv aqSnbncnpw. AqcmIpp
AhnizmknIfpw A[ImcnIfpambnph'.
(A_k: 38 42)
hmbv ko shpIbpw, ssII kwkmcnpI

bpw sNpp:
a\pjy\v ]Sh \Inb A\p{Kl
FaXmWv. AXn s]XmWv \mhpw NppI
fpw. AXv JpB FSpv ]dbppapv. Ah
D]tbmKnv Cu Zpbmhn shv btYw kw
kmcnphm a\pjy\v km[npw. ]t, Ah
D]tbmKntXv Amlphn\v Cap Imcy
n\mbncnWw. HcmfpsS kzKw {]thi\w
hsc XSbphm Amlphn\v Canm cq]
n \mhv D]tbmKnm ImcWambn Xocpsa
152
v {]hmNI() \s ]Tnnv Xnpv. A

ns\bp \mhns\ \mw kqnWw. acnv
Ignv Amlphns apn \mw lmPdmp
tm B \mhn\v kwkmc tijn FSpv If
bpIbpw hmbv ko shpIbpw sNpw. am
{Xa, B \mhn\v BcmtWm kwkmc tijn \
InbXv B ]S Xpcm Xs a\pjycpsS
ssIIv kwkmctijn \Ipp. AhnsS F
mw ]pdmIp ZnhkamWv. ChnsS \mhns
kwkmc ssh`hw aptJ\ F{X henb Xntb
bpw DXamb \bmphm\pw, F{X hen Ip
hmfnbmbmepw icn csSphm\pw km[nt
mw. Fm krmhns apn AXn\v km
[ya. AXmWv JpB a\pjysc XmoXv
sNpXv:

)

( : ( )
"Av \mw AhcpsS hmbIp ap{Zshp

Xpw, AhcpsS ssII \tmSv kwkmcnp
Xpw, Ah {]hnncpXns\n AhcpsS
ImepI kmyw hlnpXpamWv.' (bmko
:65)
ssIImepI am{Xa kwkmcnpIbpw
kmyw hlnpIbpw sNpI, adnv ImXpIfpw
153
IpIfpw Fmw kmyw hlnpp. Atm

Ah tNmZnpw: Fn\mWv RsXncn
kmyw \npXv? Ah ]dbpw: Fmn
\pw kwkmc tijn \Inb Amlp R
pw AXn\p Ignhv \Inbncnpp. Fm
Amlp tNmZnpXv \nv Cu Imcyw
apIqn Adnbmambncpnv \n AXn \nv
hnv \nncphcpsS IqsSbmbncpntm \n
AXvsImv \n A\p`hnpI Fv ]dbp
p. AXmWv JpB hniZampXv:
)
)*(

(*)

(*)

(- : ( )
"Amlphns i{Xpsf \cIntev t]mIm

\mbn hnfnpIqpIbpw, Fnhsc sXfnpIqn
sImpt]mIpIbpw sNp Znhkw ({itbam
Ipp.) As\ Ah AhnsS (\cIn) sN
m AhcpsS ImXpw AhcpsS IpIfpw Ah
cpsS sXmenIfpw Ahv FXncmbn Ah {]h
nncpXns\n kmyw hlnpXmWv.
154
XfpsS sXmenItfmSv Ah ]dbpw: \nsfn

\mWv RsXncmbn kmyw hlnXv? A
h (sXmenI) ]dbpw: Fm hkvXpsfbpw
kwkmcnn Amlp Rsf kwkmcnnXm
Ipp. BZyXhW \nsf krjvSnXv Ah\m
Wtm. AhtepXs \n aSsSpI
bpw sNpp. \nfpsS ImtXm \nfpsS Ip
Itfm \nfpsS sXmenItfm \nv FXncn
kmyw hlnpsav IcpXn \n (Ahbn
\npw) Hfnncnmdpmbncpntm. F
m \n hnNmcnXv \n {]hnp
Xn anXpw Amlp AdnbnsmWv.' (^pn
ev : 19 22)
t]SnsSpp cwKw:
Ahkm\ \mfn P\sf Hcpanv Iqp
Znhkw hfscb[nIw òXnsSppXpw, `bc
hpamb ZnhkamWv. apgph P\fpw AhnsS
\nptm Xs ]cyhkm\w Fmbncn
pw? Fssbmv hnNmcWv FSpsn
F B{Klnepambncnpw. JpB B Znh
ks kw_nv ]dbpXv \mw {inpI:
( )
( ) )

(-:( )
155
"Aq hnNmcnpnt; X Fgpt]n

sSphcmsWv? `bcamb Hcp Znhkn
\mbnv AsX, temIcnXmhntev P\
Fgptv hcp Znhkw' (apXz^nô:4 6)

(: ( )

)
"Xobmbpw Cq WnIamb sFlnI Po

hnXs CjvSsSpp. `mctadnb Hcp Znhkn
Imcyw Ah XfpsS ]pdIn hnpIfbp
Ibpw sNpp' (Ckm:27).
Cu Znhkns `bcXbpw, òIcXbpw
ImcWw apesImSpp sImncnp kv{XoI
XfpsS IpnIsf Dt]nvt]mIpp, K`nWn
Ifmb kv{XoI DSs\ {]khnpIbpw sNp
p, AXpt]mse A{IanIfpsS IpI Xpdnv
t]mhpIbpw, sNdnb IpnI t]mepw \cv t]m
hpIbpw sNpp. CsXmw kw`hnp Znh
kw F{Xam{Xw òXnXhpw, `bchpambncnpw
Fv \mw NnnpI. \apv Nnnmhp
Xnepapdambncnpw AXns Ah. JpB
\s DWpXv \apsmv {inp IqsS:
(: ( )

156
"\n AXv ImWp Znhkw GsXmcp apesIm

Spp amXmhpw Xm apebqp Ipns\n
A{ibnembntmIpw. K`hXnbmb GsXmcp
kv{Xobpw Xs K`nepXv {]khnp t]mIp
Ibpw sNpw. P\sf ap]nSnhcmbn \n\
v ImWpIbpw sNmw. (bYmXvYn) Ah
elcn _m[nhc.]s, Amlphns in
ITn\amIpp.' (lv : 2)

( :( )
"A{IanI {]hnv sImncnpXns\n

Amlp A{i\msWv \o hnNmcnv t]mIcp
Xv. IpI XntmIp Hcp (`bm\Iamb)
Znhkw hsc Ahp kabw \onsImSppI
am{XamWv sNpXv. (Av) _sv HmSnsm
pw, XeI DbnnSnv sImpw (Ah
hcpw) AhcpsS ZrjvSnI Ahcntev Xncnph
cnIbn. AhcpsS a\pI iq\yhpambncn
pw.' (C{_mlow: 42 43)

( )
)

( : ( )
157
"Fm \n AhnizknpIbmsWn, Ip
nIsf \chcmnop Hcp Znhks
\nv Fs\ kqnm\mhpw? AXp\nan
w BImiw s]mnnfcpXmWv. Amlphn
s hmKvZm\w {]mhnIamsSpXmIpp.'
(apkn:17 18)
Cu Znhkns òIcX ImcWm kz
w CWbn \nv HmSntmIpp, amXm]nXm
fn \nv afpw, km\fn \nv cnXm
fpw ]ckv]cw HmSnbIv t]mIpp. JpB
\apv AXv apIqn ]dv Xcpp:
( ) )

(-:( )
()

() ( )
"Fm sNInSSnp B i_vZw hm.

AXmbXv a\pjy Xs ktlmZcs\ hnv HmSn
tmIp Znhkw. Xs amXmhns\bpw ]nXmhn
s\bpw. Xs `mcysbbpw asfbpw. Ahcn
s Hmtcm a\pjy\pw X\nv aXnbmhp{X (Nn
m)hnjbwAv Dmbncnpw.'(A_k:33 37)
B Znhkw km\tfm, ktm D]
ImcsSpIbn. AXpsImv \n B Znhk
s `bsSpIbpw, kqnpIbpw, AXn c
e`nphm th Imcy sNpIbvw sN
158
tWsbv JpB a\pjy kaqls DW

pIbmWv:

(: ( )
"a\pjytc, \n \nfpsS cnXmhns\ kq

npI. Hcp ]nXmhpw Xs km\n\v {]
tbmP\w sNm, Hcp kXnbpw ]nXmhn\v H
pw {]tbmP\Imcnbmhm Hcp Znhks \n
`bsSpIbpw sNpI. Xobmbpw Amlp
hns hmKvZm\w kXyamIpp. AXn\m sFln
IPohnXw \nsf hnp IfbmXncns. ]ca
hI\mb ]nimNpw Amlphns Imcyn
\nsf hnp IfbmXncns.' (epJvam:33)

)

( : ( )
"Hcmpw asmcmv thn Hcp D]Imchpw

sNm ]m Hcp Znhks \n kqn
pI. (Av) Hcmfn \npw Hcp ip]mibpw
kzoIcnsSpIbn. Hcmfn\npw Hcp {]mb
ivNnhpw taSnsSpIbpan. Ahv Hcp
klmbhpw e`npIbpan' (A_Jd:48).
159
Ah AIsnp {]bmkn \nv c

t\Sm\mbn `qanbnepXv apgph\pw {]mbvn
w \Iphm Ah XmdmWv, ]t, Ahcn
\nv AXv kzoIcnpItbm, Ahv c e
`npItbm sNn. AXv sImv B Znhks
kw_nv \n kqnWsav Amlp a
\pjysc XmoXv \Ipp. JpB\ns I
]\ a\pjyv kzoIcnv IqsS, B `bcamb
Zn\n \nv ct\Sm\mbn. JpB]dbp
p:
(: ( )
)
"A{Iaw {]hn Hmtcm hyIvXnpw `qanbnep

Xv apgph ssIhiapmbncpm t]mepw
AXbm {]mbivNnambn \Ipambncpp.'
(bq\pkv:54)

(: ( )

"Ahs Blzm\w kzoIcnmhcmIs `qan

bnepXv apgph\pw, AtXmsSmw A{Xbpw IqSn
bpw Ahv Dmbncpm t]mepw (XfpsS
cbvp thn) AsXmsbpw Ah {]mbiv
Nnambn \Ipambncpp. AhmWv ISp
hnNmcWbpXv. AhcpsS ktXw \cIas{X.
B hmkkvYew F{X tamiw!' (dlvZv:18)
160

( :( )

"AhnizknpIbpw AhnizmknIfmbnsmv a
cnpIbpw sNbvXhcns] Hcm `qan \ndsb
kzWw {]mbivNnambn \Inbm t]mepw
AXv kzoIcnsSpX. AhmWv thZ\
tbdnb inbpXv. Ahv klmbnIfmbn
BcpapmbncnpXpa' (BepCwdm:91)
Cu Imcys kw_nv Amlphns
ZqX ]dbpXv IqSn \mw tIpI:

( ( )
A\kv_v amenIv()hn \nv: {]hmNI() ]

dbpIbpmbn: (Ahkm\ \mfn Ahnizmkn
sb sImv hcsSpXmWv, Fnv Aht\mSv ]
dbsSpw: `qan apgph \n\v kzapmbm
epw \o AXv {]mbvnambn \IpIbnt? A
h ]dbpw: AsX, Atm ]dbsSpw (Zpbm
hn shv) CXnt\m F{Xtbm \nCPmcamb
ImcyamWtm \o tNmZnsXv (\o AXv sIm
Spntm?) (_pJmcn)
161
kXy-\ntj[nIfpsS AhkvY:
{]]\mYs \nba AhKWnv sIm
v Cu Zpbmhn Ahnizmknbmbn PohnXw I
gnv Iqnbh\v Xs J_dn Xs in Inp
tXmsSmw Ahs Zpch AhnsS Bcw`n
pIbmWv. Ah J_dn \npw Dbs
gpt]nsSpXvXs hfsc òIcamb A
h A\p`hnv sImmbncnpsav Amlp
\s ]Tnnpp. AsXmv \apv ]mcmbWw
sNmw:

)
)*(
(- : ( )

"AXmbXv Ah Hcp \mpdnbpsS t\sc [rXn

sv t]mIpXv t]mse J_vdpIfn \nv ]pd
sp t]mIp Znhkw. AhcpsS IpI Iogv
t]mv XmWncnpw. A]am\w Ahsc BhcWw
sNbvXncnpw. AXmWv Ahv XmoXv \I
sncp Znhkw.' (AalmcnPv: 44)
FhnsS \ntm Hcp iw Ah tIpp. B
is At\zjnv sImh HmSnfbpp.
)
( )

()

( -:( )
162
"BIbm (\_ntb,) \o Ahcn \nv ]nncn

v IfbpI. A\njvSIcamb Hcp Imcynte
v hnfnph hnfnp Znhkw. ZrjvSnI
Xmgvp t]mbhcmb \nebn J_vdpIfn \nv
(\mep]mSpw) ]c shpInfnIsftmWw Ah
]pdsv hcpw. hnfnphs ASptv Ah
[rXnsv sNphcmbncnpw. kXy\ntj
[nI (Av) ]dbpw: CsXmcp {]bmkIcamb Zn
hkamIpp' (Ja: 68).
_kJnbmb PohnXn \nv Dbs
gpt]nsSptm Ah tNmZnpw, \p
sS Ddn \nv BcmWv \s DWnbXv. F
m Cu Zpbmhnep PohnXw \Inb ]S
dns hmKvZm\ambncpp Cu Znhkw. ]t,
AXn\h sNhn sImSpn. AXv sImv Xs
AhcpsS tJZhpw, kShpw Ah {]ISnnp
Xv JpB \apv ImWnv Xcpp:
( )

)
(- : ( )

"Imlfn DuXsSpw. Atm Ah J_vdp

Ifn \nv AhcpsS cnXmhntev IpXnv
sNpw. Ah ]dbpw: \psS \mita! \psS D
dn \nv \s Fgpt]nXmcmWv? C
Xv ]caImcpWnI hmKvZm\w sNbvXXmWtm.
163
ssZhZqXam kXyw XsbmWv ]dXv.'

(bmko:51,52)
JpB Ahscn hopw ]dbpXv t\mq:

(

)

( )

(-:( )
"`qan Cu `qanbm asmmbpw, AXv t]mse

BImifpw amsSpIbpw GI\pw km[n
Imcnbpamb Amlphntev Ahscmw ]pd
sv hcpIbpw sNp Znhkw. B Znhkw Ip
hmfnIsf NeIfn At\ym\yw tNv _
nsXmbnv \n\v ImWmw. AhcpsS Ip
mb Idp Ioev (Sm) sImpXmbncn
pw. AhcpsS apJsf Xo s]mXnbpXpam
Wv.' (C{_mlnw:48 50)Hmtcm A{IanIfpw Ah sNbvX A{Ia
n\\pkcnv Ah hnbn apnpfnp
XmWv. AXmWv {]hmNI() \s ]Tnnp
Xv.
164

( ( )

anJvZmZv_v\p AkvhZv hn \nv: dkqepmlv

() ]dbpXmbn Rm tIpIbpmbn:
(Ahkm\ \mfn kqcy krnItfmSv ASpp
XmWv, Hcp sabn Zqcw hsc ASppp. kp
sse am C_v\p Ban ]dp: Amlp Xs
bmWv kXyw! sabn sImv AampXv
`qanbnse sabn BtWm, AX; In\v kpdp
abnSp tImemtWmsbv F\ndnbn. ]d
p: P\ AhcpsS {]h\\pk
cnv hnbn apnIpfnv sImncnpXmWv,
Ahcn scnbmWn hsc apnbhcpmIpw,
Ahcn Imapv hsc hnbn apnbhcp
mIpw, Ahcn Acsv hsc hnbn ap
nbhcpmIpw, Ahcn Nnesc hnbv aqSn
fbpXmWv,
dkqepmlv() Xs
ssI
sImv hmbbntev BwKyw ImWnpIbpm
bn) (_pJmcn).
165

( ( )

Ibpmbn: (Ahkm\ \mfn P\ hfscb
[nIw hnbpXmWv, `qanbn AhcpsS hnb
v Fgp]Xv apgw hsc hym]npXmWv, Ahcp
sS sNhnhsc AXhsc aqSnfbpXpamWv)
(_pJmcn).
tJZ {]IS\w:
ssZhnIm\p{Klm X\nv e`n sF
lnI PohnXs D]ImcsSpmsX ]mgmn
Ifh ]ctemIv FnbXn\v tijw tJ
ZnpXmbn \apv JpB hnhcnv Xcpp.
AsXmv hmbnpI:
( )
)

)
(

(-: ( )

"A{Iaw sNbvXh Xs ssII ISnp Znh

kw. Ah ]dbpw dkqens IqsS Rms\mcp
amKw kzoIcnncpsn F{X \mbncpt
166
s\, Fs IjvSta! C Bsf Rm kplr

mbn kzoIcnnnmbncpsn F{X \mbn
cpts\. F\nv t_m[\w hpInnbXn\v ti
jw AXn \nh Fs sXnpIfph
tm. ]nimNv a\pjys\ ssIhnpIfbph\mIp
p' (^pJm:27 29).

(:) ( )
"Aykabw \nehn hcp Znhkw IphmfnI

BibhcmIpw.' (dqw:12)

)

(:( )

"Ah \cIn \nsSp cwKw \o I

ncppshn! Atm Ah ]dbpw: R
(CltemItv) Hp Xncnbsncppsh
n F{X \mbncpts\. Fn R R
fpsS cnXmhns ZrjvSm Xnf
bmXncnpIbpw,R kXyhnizmknIfpsS Iq
nemhpIbpw sNpambncpp' (ABw :27).

(: ( )
"IphmfnI XfpsS cnXmhns ASp

Xe Xmgvnsm,v RfpsS cnXmth, R
fnXm (t\cn) ImWpIbpw tIpIbpw sN
167
bvXncnpp. AXn\m Rsf \o Xncnb

pXtcWta. Fn R \Xv {]hnv
sImmw. Xobmbpw Rfntm ZrVhnizm
kaphcmIpp. Fv ]dbp k`w \o
ImWpIbmsWn (AsXsmcp ImgvNbmbncn
pw!)'(kPZ:12)

)
(
(:)
"AhnizknpIbpw dkqens\ [ncnpIbpw

sNbvXh B Znhkw sImXnp t]mIpw; Ahsc
aqSnsmv `qan \ncmsncppshn F
{X \mbncppshv. ' (\nkmAv:42)

(: ( )
)
"Atm Rm ambncpsn F{X \mbncp

ts\ Fv kXy\ntj[n ]dbpIbpw sNp
Znhkw' (\_Av:40).
I \nivêw:
sFlnI PohnXw e`nXn\v tijw AXv
Amlphns \nban\\pkcnv D]tbmKsSp
msX, B \nba\pkcnmsX I
sNbvXhv {]Xnêw e`npIbn, adnv
AhcpsS I Fmw ]mgmn IfbpXm
Wv, Hcnepw {]Xnêw e`npIbn. AXmWv
JpB \s ]TnnpXv {inpI:
168

( :( )

"AhnizknhcmIs AhcpsS I acp`q

anbnse acoNnI t]msebmIpp. Zmlnh A
Xv shamsWv hnNmcnpp. As\ Ah
AXnSptv sNm As\ Hv DXm
bn Xs Ah IspIbn. Fm Xs
ASpv Amlpsh Ah IspXmWv.
Atm (Amlp) Ahv Ahs IWv Xo
p sImSppXmWv. Amlp AXnthKw IW
v t\mph\s{X' (\q:39).

(

( :)
"Cu sFlnIPohnXn Ah sNehgnp

Xns\ D]anmhpXv BXvat{ZmlnIfmb Hcp
P\hn`mKns IrjnbnSn Bphoin
AXns\ \innv If Hcp ioXImnt\mSmIp
p. Amlp AhtcmSv t{Zmlw ImWnnn.
]s, Ah kztmSv Xs t{Zmlw sNp
Ibmbncpp.' (BepCwdm: 117)

( : ( )

169
"XfpsS cnXmhns\ \ntj[nhsc, AhcpsS

Isf D]anmhpXv sImSpmp Hcp Zn
hkw I\ImSnp ]mdntmb shodnt\mSm
Ipp. Ah {]hnpmnbXn \nv bm
sXmpw A\p`hnm Ahv km[npX.
AXv XsbmWv hnZqcamb amK{`wiw'(C{_m
low:18).

)
(:( )
"Ah {]hn IfpsS t\sc \mw Xncn

bpIbpw, \maXns\ NnXdnb [qfnt]mse Bn
opIbpw sNpw' (^pJm:23)

()
()

( )

(-:( )
"(\_ntb,) ]dbpI: I Ghpw \jvSIc

ambn Xohsc kw_nv \mw \nv ]d
pXcstbm? sFlnIPohnXnse XfpsS
{]bXv\w ]ngpt]mbhcs{X Ah. Ah hnNm
cnpXmIs X \ {]h\w \Sn
smncnpp FmWv. XfpsS cnXmhn
s ZrjvSmfnepw Ah\pambn IpappXn
epw hnizknmhcs{X Ah. AXn\m A
170
hcpsS I \njvêambntmbncnpp.
AXn\m \mw Ahv Dbnsgpt]ns
\mfn bmsXmcp Xqhpw (kvYm\hpw) \ne\n
pIbn. AXs{X Ahp {]Xnêw. Ahn
izknpIbpw, Fs ZrjvSmsfbpw, ZqX
amscbpw ]cnlmkyampIbpw sNbvXXnp
(inbmb) \cIw) (AIAv^v:103- 106).
DuaIfpw, _[nccpw, apJw Ipnbhcpambn

sFlnIamb PohnXn {]Yaambpw, B
XynIambpw t\SnsbSptXv FmsWv X
\nv A\p{Klambn e`n IpI sImv
ImWpIbpw, ImXvsImv tIpIbpw, lrZbw
sImv NnnpIbpw sNmsX shdpw Hcp Po
hnXw \bnhsc Amlp ]ctemIv Acpw,
aqIcpambn sImmWv Dbsgpt]npI.
Ans\bph ]S Xpcmt\mSv tNmZnpw,
Zpbmhn Rv btYw ImWphm I
pIfpw, tIphm ImXpw, Nnnphm _p
nbpsamw Dmbncptm? Ctm AsXmw
FhnsS t]mbn? Amlp AhtcmSv ]dbpw CsX
mw Rm \nv \Inbnv AsXmw btY
w D]tbmKnnv \n Fs hnkvacnpI
bmWv sNbvXXv, AXvsImv Cs Znhkw
\nsfbpw Rm hnkvacnpIbmsWmWv ]d
bpXv. Amlp ]dbpp:
171

(: ( )
"PnpIfn \npw a\pjycn \npw [mcmfw

t]sc \mw \cIn\v thn krjvSnnpv. A
hv a\pIfpv. AXp]tbmKnv Ah Im
cyw {KlnpIbn. Ahp IpIfpv. AXp
]tbmKnv Ah IdnbpIbn. Ahv ImXp
Ifpv. AXp]tbmKnv Ah tIp a\nemp
Ibn. Ah ImenIsftmsebmIpp. A; A
hcmWv IqSpX ]ngh. Ah XsbmWv {I
bnmh.' (AAvdm^v:179)
Amlp \Inb Ipw, ImXpw, lrZb
hpw Dmbnv D]tbmKnt cq]n D]tbm
Knmh arKfmWv, A, AXnt\m
tamiamWv. Ahsc ]ctemIv Hcpanv IqpI
F{]Imcambncnpsav Amlp ]dbpp.

(:( )

"Amlp Bsc t\hgnbnemppthm Ah\m

Wv t\amKw {]m]nh. Ah Bsc Zpam
Knemppthm, Ahv Ahp ]pdsa c
172
m[nImcnIsfsbmpw \o IsptXb.
Dbnsgpt]ns \mfn apJw \nev Ip
nbhcmbnsmpw Acpw DuaIfpw _[nc
cpambnsmpw \mw Ahsc HcpanpIqpXm
Wv. AhcpsS ktXw \cIas{X. AXv AWv
t]mIptmsgmw \mw Ahv Pzme IqnsImSp
pXmWv.' (CkvdmAv:97)
Cs\ HcpanvIqsh Amlphnt\m
Sv kSw t_m[nnpp, ]t, \ncmibmbncn
pw êw. AXmWv Amlp Xmsg hcp Bb
neqsS \s ]TnnpXv:

( )
()
)

(

(:( )

"Fs Dt_m[\s hnv hh\pw XncnpI

fbp ]w Xobmbpw Ahv CSpnb Hcp
PohnXamWpmbncnpI. Dbnsgpt]n
s \mfn Ahs\ \mw A\mb \nebn F
gpt]nv sImv hcpXpamWv. Ah ]d
bpw: Fs cnXmth, \o Fn\msWs A
\mb \nebn Fgpt]nv sImv hXv?
Rm ImgvNbph\mbncptm! Amlp ]d
bpw: As\XsbmIpp. \n\v \psS Zrjv
173
Sm hspIbpmbn. Fnv \o AXv

adpIfp. AXv t]mse Cv \obpw hnkvacn
sSpp. AXncpIhnbpIbpw, Xs cnXmhn
s ZrjvSmfn hnizknmXncnpIbpw
sNbvXhv A{]ImcamWv \mw {]Xnêw \
IpXv. ]ctemIs in IqSpX ITn\amb
Xpw \ne\npXpw XsbmIpp.' (Xzmlm:
124 127)
Xon, IphmfnIsf \cIntev h
ensdnbpXv apJw Ipnbhcmbn sImmbncn
pw. AXmWv JpB ]dbpXv:

(:( )
"apJw \nep Ipnb\nebn Ah \cImKv

\nbneqsS henngsSp Znhkw. (AhtcmSv
]dbsSpw:) \n \cIns kv]i\w A
\p`hnv sImpI' (Ja:48).
{]hmNIt\mSv Hcm tNmZnpIbpmbn
Fns\bmWv kXy\ntj[nIsf apJw Ipnb
hcmbn \cIn hensdnbsSpIsbv A
tm Xncpta\n ]dbpXv \mw {inpI:
174
( *( )

A\kv_v\p amenIv()hn \nv; kXy\ntj[nI

Fns\bmWv ]ctemIv apJw Ipnbh
cmbn Dbsgpt]nsSpIsbv Hcm \
_n()tbmSv tNmZnpIbpmbn, ]dp: Zp
bmhn cv Imen \Snbh\v ]ctemIv
apJw sImv \Snnphm km[npIbnt?
Atm JXzmZ: ]dbpIbpmbn: AsX, \psS
cnXmhns {]Xm]w sImv) (_pJmcn)
Xnpp:
AlambXv \cIn e`nptm Xo
m Xocm ]Ibpw, hntZzjhpamWv Ahv
]ckv]cw DmIpXv. Zpbmhn shv t\Xm
hn\v Pbv hnfnhcpw, tkh sNbvXhcpw, A\p
bmbnIfpw Fmw Xs t\Xmhn\pw, Bibn
\pw FXncmbhcmbnmWv ]ctemIv Ah Hcp
anv IqpI. Rsf C hynbmWv hgn]ngn
Xv Fv ]dv sImv Ah ]ckv]cw ]gn
NmcpXmWv. ]t, CsXmpw Xs Ahv
bmsXmcp KpWhpw sNpn. Ah \nycmbn
175
s \cIn ]XnpXmWv. Amlphn

s amKn Pohnv XJvhbphcmbn Xo
h HgnsI asmhcpw ]ckv]cw i{Xpfmbn
amdpXmWv. AXmWv Amlp ]dbpXv:

( :( )
)
"kplrp B Znhkw At\ym\yw i{Xp

fmbncnpw. kqvaX ]menphscmgnsI.'
(kpJpdp^v: 67)
Cu temIv Amlphn\v ]pdsa aph
sc Bcm[nh Bcm[nshcphambn Xn
pXmWv. AXv JpB hniZampXv Hv
{inpI:
)*(
)
)*(
)*(

)*(
(*) )*(

( -: )*( ( )
(*)
"ZpamKnIv \cIw XpdpImWnsSp

XpamWv. AhtcmSv tNmZnsSpIbpw sNpw: \n
Bcm[nncpsXmw
FhnsStmbn?
Amlphn\p ]pdsa. Ah \nsf klmbnp
Itbm, kzbw klmbw t\SpItbm sNpp
tm? Xpv Ahcpw (Bcm[yam) B Zpam
KnIfpw AXn (\cIn) apJw Ipn hogv
sSpXmWv. C_veokns apgph ssk\y
176
fpw. AhnsS shv At\ym\yw hgv IqSn

smncns Ah ]dbpw: AmlphmW k
Xyw! R hyIvXamb hgntISn Xsbmbn
cpp. \nv R temIcnXmhnt\mSv
XpeyX I]np kabv. Rsf hgn]ng
nXv B IphmfnIfmsX amcpa.' (ipldm
Av:91- 99)
Xlamb in e`nptm Ah
v t_m[yamhpw sNbvXvt]mbsXmw \nivê
amWv, C\n tJZnnv êanmsbh hyamb
cq]n a\knemhpIbpw sNpw. AXpsImv
Bcm[\Ifn GsXnepw Hcp Awiw Amlp
hmhv AnpIbmsWn Ahs aS
hpw CXpt]msebmbncnpw. BbXn\m B
cm[\I Amlphn\v am{Xw AnpI, AXn
Bscbpw ]v tNmXncnpI. CXmWv Hcp
a\pjy sNtXv Fn Ah\v tJZntn
hcnIbn. Xo. Cu ImcyamWv kzmenlofpw,
{]hmNImcpambnph t]mepw XfpsS k
m\pw, kapZmbpw \Ip h
kznv Fv \apv JpB\n ImWmhp
XmWv. Fm Cu Zpbmhn shv Amlp
hns bYm Zmkamcmbn Pohn ]e kzmen
losfbpw ]nImeph Bcm[nnpv.
Fm Cu kzmenlo AXv B{KlnpI
177
tbm, BhiysSpItbm, AdnbpItbm sNbvXnn

. Ans\bp kzmenlotfmSv ]ctemIv
shv Amlp tNmZnpw \n CXv I]nncp
pthmsbv? AXn\v Ah ]dbp Dchpw,
Amlphns tNmZyhpw IzpB P\v
Nnnphm\mbn, a\knemphm\mbn hnhcnp
Xv \mw tIpI:
()

(: ( )
"Ahsc apgph Ah HcpanpIqp Znhkw

({itbamIpp.) Fnv Ah aepItfmSv
tNmZnpw: \nsfbmtWm Cq Bcm[nncp
Xv ? Ah ]dbpw: \o F{X ]cnip! \obm
Wv RfpsS cm[nImcn. Ahc. Fm A
h PnpIsfbmbncpp Bcm[nncpXv Ah
cn A[nIt]cpw Ahcn (PnpIfn) hniz
knphcs{X' (k_Av:40 41).
ss{IkvXh {]hmNI\mb Cukm() s\
bmWv Bcm[npXv. AhcpsS kSfpw, _p
nappIfpw ZqcoIcnphm AtltmSmWv
{]mnpXv. ]ctemIvshv ]S Xpcm
alm\mb Cukm() t\mSpw, amXmhmb ab
ant\mSpw tNmZnpw \n ]dnmtWm Ch
178
\nsf Bcm[nncpXv. Atm AXn\v Ah

]dbp adp]Sn a\pjysc NnnnpIbpw, k
mKw ]n]phm\p Ahkcw DmIphm
{ianpIbpw sNtXmWv.

( )
( -: ( )
"Amlp ]dbp k`hpw ({inpI.) ab

ans aI Cukm, Amlphn\v ]pdsa Fs
bpw, Fs amXmhns\bpw ssZhfmnsm
phn. Fv \obmtWm P\tfmSv ]dXv?
Atlw ]dbpw: \osb{X ]cnip! F\nv
(]dbm) bmsXmcp AhImihpanmXv Rm
]dbmhXtm? Rm\Xv ]dncpsn Xo
bmbpw \obXv Adnncnpatm. Fs a\
nepXv \o Adnbpw. \ns a\nepXv Rm\
dnbn. Xobmbpw \o XsbmWv AZriy Im
cy Adnbph. \o FtmSv I]n Im
cyw AYhm Fsbpw \nfpsSbpw cnXmhm
b Amlpsh \n Bcm[nWw F Im
179
cyw am{Xta Rm\htcmSv ]dnpq. Rm A

hnSbn Dmbncptmsgms Rm Ah
cpsS ta kmnbmbncpp. ]noSv \o Fs
]qambn GsSptm \o Xsbmbncpp
Ahsc \nconncph. \o FmImcyn\pw
kmnbmIpp' (amCZ:116,117).
)*(

)*(
(-:)
"Ahscsbmw \mw HcpanpIqpIbpw, Fnv

_lpssZhhnizmknItfmSv \nfpw \n ]m
fnIfmbn tNhcpw AhnsSs \nq.
Fv ]dbpIbpw sNp Znhkw ({itba
s{X.) A\cw \mw Ahsc Xn ths]Sp
pw. Ah ]mfnIfmbn tNh ]dbpw: \n
Rsfb Bcm[nncpXv. AXn\m R
pw
\npanSbn
kmnbmbn
Amlp aXn. \nfpsS Bcm[\sbn R
Xopw Adnhnmhcmbncpp. AhnsSshv
Hmtcm BXvamhpw AXv apIqn sNbvXXv ]co
ndnbpw. AhcpsS bYmXvY cm[nImcnbm
180
b Amlphntev Ah aSsSpIbpw, A
h ]dpmnbncpsXmw Ahcn \nv
sXntmIpIbpw sNpXmWv'(bq\pkv:28 30).
ssZhnI amKn \nv sXnv If
t\Xmamscbpw, A\pbmbnIsfbpw Hcpanv
Iqptm A\pbmbnI XfpsS t\Xm
amtcmSv XnpIbpw, AXn\v t\Xmam a
dp]Sn ]dbpIbpw sNpXv JpB hniZoIcn
pXv t\mpI:
(
*
)
)*(
)*(

)*(

)*( )*(
)*(
)*(
)*(
)*(

)*(
)*(

)*(
)*(

)*(
)*(
( )(- :

"Fm AXv Hcp tLmci_vZw am{Xambncnpw.

AtmgXm Ah (Fgptv \nv) t\mpp.
181
Ah ]dbpw: Atlm! Rv IjvSw! CXv {]

Xnêns Zn\amWtm! (Ahv adp]Sn
\IsSpw:) AsX; \n \ntj[nv Xnf
ncp \nWmbIamb Xocpam\ns Znhk
as{X CXv. (Atm Amlphns I]\bp
mIpw;) A{Iaw sNbvXhscbpw AhcpsS CW
Isfbpw Ah Bcm[nncphsbbpw \n
HcpanpIqpI. Amlphn\p ]pdsa. Fnv Ah
sc \n \cIns hgnbntev \bnpI.
Ahsc \nsfmp \npI. AhtcmSv tNmZyw
sNtXmIpp. \nv Fp]n? \n
]ckv]cw klmbnpntm Fv A, Ah
B Znhkn IogSnbhcmbncnpw. Ahcn
Nne NnecpsS t\sc Xncnv ]ckv]cw tNm
Zyw sNpw. Ah ]dbpw: Xobmbpw \n
RfpsS ASpv ssIqpambn hv (R
sf kXyn \nv ]nncnnpIbmbncpp.)
Ah adp]Sn]dbpw: A, \n Xs hnizm
knIfmhmXncnpIbmWpmbXv.
mIs \nfpsS ta Hc[nImchpw
DmbncpXpan. {]XypX, \n AXn{IaIm
cnIfmb Hcp P\hn`mKambncpp. As\ \p
sS ta \psS cnXmhns hN\w bmYm
XvYyambnXop. Xobmbpw \mw (in) A\p
`hnm t]mIpIbmWv. Atm R \n
182
sf hgntISnsenncnpp. (ImcWw) Xo
bmbpw R hgnsXnbhcmbncpp. Atm
AtZnhkw Xobmbpw Ah (Ccphn`mK
hpw) inbn ]mfnIfmbncnpw. Xobm
bpw \mw IphmfnIsf smv sNpXv A{]
ImcamIpp. Amlp AmsX Hcp ssZhhpan
Fv AhtcmSv ]dbsm Ah Almcw
\Snpambncpp.' (kzm^v^mv:19 35)
]nimNns a{v hiwhZcmbn tXm
nhmknIfmbn PohnpIbpw, \cIn t]m
IpIbpw sNbvXm Ah ]nimNnt\mSv Xn
pIbpw, ]nimNv Ahs \nc]cm[nXzw t_m[n
npIbmWv sNpXv. Rm WnpIbmWv
sNbvXXv, \nfpsS ta F\nv B[n]Xyw sN
epphm A[nImcapmbncpn, Fs
Ww tInv \n kzta[bm hXmWv, AXv
sImv Xs F\nv \nsf csSpphm
km[ya, BbXn\m \n Xs A\p`
hnpIsbv ]dv ssI aepXv JpB
hniZampXv \mw hmbnpI:

(: ( )

183
"Imcyw Xocpam\nsv Ignm ]nimNv ]d

bpXmWv. Xobmbpw Amlp \ntfmSv Hcp
hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. kXyhmKvZm\w. Rm\pw \n
tfmSv hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. Fm \ntfmSv (Rm
sNbvX hmKvZm\w) Rm ewLnp. F\nv \n
fpsS ta bmsXmcp A[nImchpw Dmbncp
n. Rm \nsf Wnp. Atm \nsf
\nv Dcw \In Fv am{Xw. BIbm, \n
Fs IpsSpt, \n \nsf
s IpsSppI. F\nv \nsf klmbnm
\mhn. \nv Fsbpw klmbnm\mhn.
apv \n Fs ]mfnbmnbncpXns\
Rm\nXm \ntj[nncnpp. Xobmbpw A{Ia
ImcnIfmtcm AhmWv thZ\tbdnb inbp
Xv.' (C{_mlnw:22)
Amlp Hmtcm a\pjys IqsSbpw Hcp
Iqmfnsb (Jco) GmSmnbnpv. B Iqm
fn a\pjysc \bntetm, Xnbntetm
WnpXmWv. {]hmNI() Hcn A\pbm
bnItfmSv Cu Imcyw ]dtm, Ah tNmZn
pIbpmbn: {]hmNIsc, Atpw Dtm
Ico, Xncpta\n adp]Sn ]dbpIbpmbn: AsX,
Fm Amlp Fs Ah\n klmbnpI
bpmbn, Ahs\ apkvenamn, Ah FtmSv
\abmsX I]npIbn. Atm \psS
184
Jco \ sNphm\pw, Xn sNphm\pw t{]cn

npXmWv. Ans\bp Jco\nt\mSv hsc
\cIntev t]mIp BfpI Xnp
XmWv. AXv JpB kqdp Jm^n \apv
hniZamn Xcppv:
()
() )
( )

( )

()
( )

( -:( )

"Ahs klNmcn (aev) ]dbpw: CXmIpp F

s ] XmdpXv (tcJ) (Amlp aepI
tfmSv I]npw:) kXy\ntj[nbpw [nmcnbp
ambnp GsXmcps\bpw \n \cIn
CtpI. AXmbXv \asb apSph\pw A
Xn{IaImcnbpw kwibmephpamb GsXmcps\
bpw. AsX, AmlpthmsSmw thsd ssZhs
kvYm]n GsXmcphs\bpw. AXn\m ITn\amb
inbn Ahs\ \n CtpI. Ahs Iq
mfn ]dbpw: RfpsS cnXmth! Rm\hs\
hgnsXnnn. ]s, Ah hnZqcamb Zpam
Knembncpp. Ah (Amlp) ]dbpw: \n
Fs ASp Xnt. apt Rm \n
185
v XmoXv \Inbnpv. Fs ASp

hmv amsSpIbn. Rm ZmkamtcmSv Hpw
A\oXn ImWnph\pa' (Jm^v:23 29).
kzw icoc`mKtfmSv hsc Xnpsa
v JpB ]Tnnptm Ah A`napJoIcn
p Imcyw F{X òIchpw, ImTn\yhpw \nd
XmsWv \mw a\knempI. CsXmw ssZhnI
\nbasf AhKWnv PohnmepmIp \mi
amWv Fv CkvemanI \nba AhKWnpI
bpw, ]pOnv XpIbpw sNph {int
XmWv. AXmWv JpB Xmg hcp BbpI
fneqsS \apv hniZamn XcpXv:

()
)

( )

()

(- : ( )
"Amlphns i{Xpsf \cIntev t]mIm

\mbn hnfnpIqpIbpw, Fnhsc sXfnpIqn
sImpt]mIpIbpw sNp Znhkw ({itbam
Ipp.) As\ Ah AhnsS (\cIn) sN
m AhcpsS ImXpw AhcpsS IpIfpw Ah
186
cpsS sXmenIfpw Ahv FXncmbn Ah {]h

nncpXns\n kmyw hlnpXmWv. X
fpsS sXmenItfmSv Ah ]dbpw: \nsfn
\mWv RsXncmbn kmyw hlnXv? A
h(sXmenI) ]dbpw: Fm hkvXpsfbpw kw
kmcnn Amlp Rsf kwkmcnnXmIp
p. BZyXhW \nsf krjvSnXv Ah\mW
tm. AhtepXs \n aSsSpIbpw
sNpp. \nfpsS ImtXm \nfpsS IpI
tfm \nfpsS sXmenItfm \nv FXncn
kmyw hlnpsav IcpXn \n (Ahbn
\npw) Hfnncnmdpmbncpntm. Fm
\n hnNmcnXv \n {]hnp
Xn anXpw Amlp AdnbnsmWv.' (^pn
ev : 19 22)
\cIn {]thinthscmw {]th
inmepw icn Xn\v Ayw Ipdnpn, a
dnv AhnsS shvt]mepw ]ckv]cw Xnp
XmWv. AXmWv JpB ]dbpXv:

)*(
(*)

)

(*)
)*(

)*(

(*)

187

(*)
)*(

(
*
)
(-:( )
"CXs{X (AhcpsS AhkvY). Xobmbpw [nm

cnIv aSnsm tamis kvYm\amWp
Xv. \cIas{X AXv. Ah AXn In F
cnbpw. AsX{X tamiamb hn{iakvYm\w! CXmW
hpXv. BIbm Ah AXv BkzZnp
sIms. sImSpw NqSp shhpw sImSpw X
Wpp shhpw. Ccns ap ]e
C\w inIfpw. (\cIn BZysanbhtcm
Sv Amlp ]dbpw:) CXm, HcpIqw \ntfmsSm
w Xnbdn hcpp. (Atm Ah ]dbpw:)
Ahv kzmKXan. Xobmbpw Ah \cI
n InFcnbphcs{X. Ah (B ISv
hcph) ]dbpw; A, \nv XsbmWv
kzmKXanmXv. \nfmWv RnXv hcp
nshXv. Atm hmkkvYew No Xs.
Ah ]dbpw: RfpsS cnXmth, Rv
CXv (in) hcpnshXmtcm Ahv \o \cI
n Ccn in hnnp sImSptWta. A
h ]dbpw: \apsp ]n! ZpP\fn s]h
cmbn \mw KWnncp ]e BfpIsfbpw \mw Im
Wpntm. \mw Ahsc (A_n) ]cnlm
188
k ]m{XamnbXmtWm? AX, Ahscbpw hnv

IpI sXntmbXmtWm? \cIhmknI X
nep hgv(Xobmbpw AsXmcp bmYm
XvYyw XsbmWv.' (kzmZv:55 64)
\cIn shv Amlphnt\mSv Ah ]
dbpXmWv, Cu t\Xmfpw, ]ptcmlnXmcpam
Wv, Rsf hgn ]ngnXv, BbXn\m Ah
v \o Ccn in \tIWta Fv ]dbp
tXmsSmw, Rsf hgn]ngnXmcmWv Ahsc
Rv \o Hv ImWnv Xcq Ahsc R
Xs \cIntev hensdnbssbv hsc \
cIhmknI ]dbpXmWv. BbXn\m hgn]ng
nphcpw, hgn]ngphcpw {intXm
Wv. Ahkc Ahkm\npXn\v apv
Amlphntev tJZnv aSpI, AXv am{Xsa C
{Xbpw henb tJZnepw, Xnepw, in
bnepw s]SmXncnphm\p GI amKw Fv
\mw a\knempI. Amlp ]dbp Xmsg hcp
BbpI IqSn hmbnpI, KpW]mTap
sImpI:

( )
( )

( -:( )
189
"AhcpsS apJ \cIn Iogvta adn

sSp Znhkw. Ah ]dbpw: R Amlp
shbpw dkqens\bpw A\pkcnncpsn F
{X \mbncpts\! Ah ]dbpw: RfpsS c
nXmth, R RfpsS t\Xmamscbpw
{]apJamscbpw A\pkcnpIbpw, As\
Ah Rsf hgnsXnpIbpamWpmbXv. R
fpsS cnXmth, Ahv \o cncn in
\IpIbpw Ahv \o h im]w G]np
Ibpw sNWta ( Fpw Ah ]dbpw. )' (Alv
km_v: 66 68)

(:( )
"kXy\ntj[nI ]dbpw: RfpsS cnXmth,

Rsf ]ngnhcmb PnpIfn \npw a\p
jycn \npap cphn`mKs \o Rv
ImWnpXtcWta. Ah A[aamcpsS Iqn
emIhw R Ahsc RfpsS ]mZ
v Nphnenv Nhns' (^pnev:29).

(:( )
190
"Ah (Amlp) ]dbpw: PnpIfn \npw a

\pjycn \npambn \np apv Ignp
t]mbnp kaqlfpsS Iqn \cIn
{]thinpsImpI. Hmtcm kaqlhpw (AXn)
{]thinptmsgms AXns ktlmZc kaq
ls i]npw. As\ Ahscmhcpw Ahn
sS HcpanpIqSngnm Ahcnse ]nKman
I AhcpsS apKmanIsfn ]dbpw: Rfp
sS cnXmth, ChcmWv Rsf hgnsXnXv.
AXv sImv Ahv \o \cIn \nv Ccn
in sImSptWta. Ah ]dbpw: Fm
hpw Ccnbpv. ]s \n a\nemp
n' (AAvdm^v:38).
tZmjnI:
kXyhnizmkw kzoIcnpIbpw, AXn
bmsXmcp hnvhogvNbpw sNmsX PohnpIbpw
sNbvXh Fmbmepw kzKn {]thinp
XmWv, ImcWw kzK {]thi\w XSbp in
v AhcpsS PohnXn sNbvXnn. AXvsIm
v Xs Ah sNbvX ]m]v Amlp
\cIw hn[npIbmsWn B Ipn\p in
BkzZnXn\v tijw kzKn {]thin
pXmWv. kXyhnizmkw DsImnp ]m]
sNbvX tZmjnIv Amlp Nnetm
191
s]mdpv sImSptmw Asn AhcpsS

]m]\pkcnv in BkzZntn hcp
XmWv. Ans\ ]m] sNbvXhp in
I FsmamsWv JpB\pw Xncpkp
pw hniZamppv. ]ctemIv Cs\bp
tZmjnIfpsS AhIfmWv hniZamphm
B{KlnpXv. hyXy ]m] sNbvXhsc
thXncnmWv hnhcnpXv.
\akvImcw Dt]nh
Fs {kmhv AmlphmWv, Ah\v am{X
sa Fs Bcm[\I Rm kanpIbp
qshpw, aplZv Amlphns ZqX\pw dkq
epamsWv Xocpam\npdv \mhvsImv hyam
bn ]dv Ign Hmtcm a\pjy\pw Av t\
cw \akvIcntXpv. AXv aplZv \_n F
ns\bmtWm \akvIcnXmbn \apv lZokpI
fn ImWm IgnbpXv AtX cq]n kab
_nXambn \nlntXpv. \akvImcw Po
hnXns Hcp taJebnepw Hgnhmphm ]mSn
mXmWv. nc Xmakmc\pw, bm{Xmc
\pw, BtcmKyhm\pw, tcmKnIpw Fmw \a
kvImcw IrXyambn \akvIcntXpv. bp
n hsc IrXyambn \akvIcnWsamWv
JpB ]TnnpXv. Fn B \akvImcw
192
Hgnhmph\p in Fmbncnpsav \
apv DulnmhptXbpq. {]amWfpsS
shfnn `qcn]w ]nXamcpw ]Tnn
pXv \akvImcw Dt]nph\v Ckveman
m\anmsbmWv. AhcpsS AhI
Fns\bmbncnpsav GXm\pw sXfnhpIfpsS
ASnm\n A]w hniZoIcns.
]ctemIv IfpsS Iqn BZy
ambn tNmZyw sNsSpXv \akvImcns Im
cyamWv. CXv \mbm ap Imcysfmw F
fpamhpw, \akvImcns Imcyw A]ISIcam
bXmsWn AXn\v tijapsXmw hfsc ò
Ichpw \njvTqchpambncnpw. {]hmNI() ]d
bpp:

:
)

(( )...
{]hmNI() ]dbpp: (IfpsS Iqn

BZyambn Hcp ASna tNmZyw sNsSpXv
Ahs \akvImcns ImcyamWv, AXv \m
bm Ah hnPbnpw, csSpIbpw sNbv
Xp, AXv Ipgnembm Ah \nemhp
Ibpw, \mineIsSpIbpw sNbvXp... ) (Xn
anZn).
193
_pnbpw {]mb]qnbpamb Fm kv{Xo

]pcpjmpw Avt\cs \akvImcw \n
amWv. Amlp hnipJpB\n ]dbpp:

( : ( )
)

(Xobmbpw \akvImcw kXyhnizmknIv k
abw \nbns Hcp \n _m[yXbm

Ipp) (\nkmAv:103)
Ckvemw ]SppbnbnpXv Av XqWpI
fnembnmWv. AXn \akvImcsbmWv cma
s LSIambn Xncpta\n FndbpXv:

( ( )
C_v\pDa()hn \nv; {]hmNI() ]dbpI

bpmbn: (Av ImcyfnemWv Ckvemw ]Sp
pbnbnpXv, AmlphmsX bYm
n Bcm[\l\mbn amcpanspw, apl
Zv \_n Amlphns {]hmNI\msWpw km
yw hlnpI, \akvImcw \ne\npI, kIm
v \IpI, lv sNpI, dafm\n t\m
\pnpI FnhbmWXv) (_pJmcn, apkvenw)
Amlp Hmtcm apkvenan\pw \nam
nb \akvImcw \nlnmXncnpIsbXv
194
AhnizmkambnmWv JpB\pw, Xncpkppw

\apv ]cnNbsSpn XcpXv. JpB ]dbp
Xv ImWpI:

)

( : ( )
(Fm Ah ]m]npIbpw, \akvImcw
apdt]mse \nlnpIbpw, kImv \IpI

bpw sNp]w Ah aXn \nfpsS
ktlmZcfmIpp, a\nemp BfpI
p thn \mw Zrm hniZoIcnpp)
(Xu_:11).
aXn ]ckv]cw ktlmZcfmIWsa
n hnizknpIbpw, \akvImcw \ne\npI
bpw, kImv \IpIbpw, ]mX]npIbpw
sNWw. \akvIcnpnsn aXn k
tlmZcfmsbw. ImcpWyns {]hm
NI () ]dbpp:
( ( )
:
A_qkp^vbm Pm_n ]dbpXmbn Rm tI

p. Pm_n {]hmNI() ]dbpXv tIp Fv
]dv ]dbpp: (Hcp hynbpsSbpw inn
sbpw Ahnizmknsbpw CSbnep hyXym
195
kw \akvImcw Dt]nemIpp) (apkvenw).

hopw ImWpI:

:
)
()
Apm_v\p _pssdZ() Xs ]nXmhn \nv

Dcnpp: {]hmNI() ]dbpp: (Xobm
bpw \psSbpw AhcpsSbpw CSbnep Icm
(hyXymkw) \akvImcamWv, AXmcmWv Dt]n
pXv Ah Ahnizknncnpp) (XnanZn,
\kmC)
\akvImcw \nlnmhv Amlp
]ctemIv HcpnbncnpXv \cInse kJ
F XmWv. JpB ]dbpp:
) *
{-: ( }
(FmWv \nsf \cIn {]thinnXv?, A

h (IphmfnI) ]dbpw: R \akvIcnp
hcpsS Iqnembn) (apYn: 42,43).
AXmbXv \akvIcnnsn kJ F
\cInembncnpw AhcpsS ktXw. Amlp
\s Ahs \cIn \npw kwcnpam
dmhs. \akvImcw IrXyambn \nlnmh
196
sc Fns\bmbncnpw AhcpsS aSw Fv

JpB ]dbpXv t\mpI:

* )
{- : ( }
(Fs Dt_m[\s hnv hh\pw Xncnv
Ifbp ]w Xobmbpw Ahv CSpnb

Hcp PohnXamWpmbncnpI. Dbnsgpt
]ns \mfn Ahs\ \mw A\mb \nebn
Fgpt]nv sImp hcpXpamWv. Ah
]dbpw: Fs cnXmsh, \o Fn\msWs
A\mb \nebn Fgpt]nv sImph
Xv? Rm ImgvNbph\mbncptm? Amlp
]dbpw: As\XsbmIpp. \n\v \psS
Zrm hspIbpmbn. Fnv \o A
Xv adpIfp. AXvt]mse Cv \obpw hnkva
cnsSpp) (Xzmlm:124(126). Amlphns\ Hm
pXn Ghpw {][m\sXmWv Hcp Znhk
s Avt\cap \akvImcw. AXv Dt]n
m Ah\v IpSpkmb PohnXhpw, A\mbn D
bnsgpt]nsSpIbpw, Amlp Ah\n
\nv Xncnv IfbpIbpw sNpXmWv.
\akvImcw Dt]nph\v Amlphn
s kwcWw e`nn. Amlphns kwc
197
Ww e`nnsn BcpsS kwcWamWv \ap

v e`npI. Xncpta\n \s HmasSppXv
{inpI:

:)

(( )...

apBZv()hn \nv: {]hmNI() ]v Imcy

FtmSv hkznv \IpIbpmbn: (Xn
cp\_n ]dp: \o h[nsSpItbm, Npscn
sSpItbm sNbvXmepw Amlphn \o Hcn
epw ]v tNcpXv, \ns kv Dt]np
hm\pw, IpSpw_s Hgnhm\pw \ns amXm]n
Xm I]npIbmsWnepw Hcnepw \o
AhtcmSv [nmcw {]hncpXv, \o IcpXn
n Hcp \n \akvImchpw HgnhmcpXv, Imc
Ww Bscnepw \n \akvImcw IcpXnn
HgnhmpIbmsWn Ah\v Amlphns kw
cWw e`npIbn...) (AlvaZv).
CltemIv shv Amlphn\v kpPqZpw
dpIqDw sNmhv ]ctemIv Amlp kp
PqZv sNphm I]nptm \akvIcnphm
BXym{Klapmbnpw AhcpsS apXpIpI
198
hfbpIbn. ImcWw Ahv kzbw Xs apXp

Iv hfphm\pw, Xncnphm\pw Ignbp kab
v Ah D]tbmKnv Amlphn\v thn kpPqZv
sNmXv sImv Xs ]ctemIv AhcpsS
apXpIpI hfbn. hnipJpB ]dbpp:
)
*

(

{ -:}
(IWm shfnhmsSp (`bcamb) Hcp Zn

hks \n HmpI. kpPqZv sNm (A
v) Ah WnsSpw. Atm AhXn\v
km[npIbn. AhcpsS IpI Iogvt]mv Xm

gvncnpw. \nyX Ahsc BhcWw sNpw. A
h kpcnXcmbncp kabv kpPqZn\mbn
Ah Wnsncpp) (Jew: 42,43).
CltemIv kpcnXcmbncp kabv
Amlphn\v thn kpPqZv sNphm Wnm
[ncnv ]namdnbhv Amlphns ap
n kpPqZv sNphm km[yamsbw.
\akvImcw Dt]npXv [nmchpw, A
lmchpamWv. AXvsImvXs ]ctemIv \a
kvIcnmhsc [nmcnIfmb ^nHu, Jmdq
XpSnb [nmcnIfpsS IqsSbmbncnpw Db
sgpt]nsSpI. Xncpta\n()]dbpp:
199

:

( ( )

ApmC_v\p Awdv() {]hmNI()bn \n

v: Hcp Znhkw {]hmNI() \akvImcs
kw_nv ]dbpIbpmbn: (Bscnepw AXv
kqnpIbmsWn AXh\v ]ctemIv {]
Imihpw, sXfnhpw, cbpambncnpw, Bscn
epw AXns\ kqnpnmsbn AXh\v {]
Imitam, sXfnthm, ctbm BhpIbn, am{X
a Ans\bph Jmdq\nsbpw, ^nHu\n
sbpw, lmam\nsbpw, D_v_v\p Je^ns
bpw IqsSbmbncnpw) (AlvaZv)
bYm XuloZv AdnbpItbm, ]TnpIt
bm sNmsX, \akvImcw \nlnmsX sXm
SnIfpw, AlmcnIfpambn Pohnph Xfp
sS acW kabv Amlphnt\mSv At]nv
t\mpw, cnXmsh, Rsf \o Hv aSn X
sn R kI sNmw, Xulo
ZpsImmw, \akvIcnmw, \ns \nab\nt
i A\pkcnmw, PohnXn ]Imw.
]t, Imcyaptm? Hcnepan, Ah[n hs
200
ngnm ]ns Hcp cbpan. aSan.

AXvsImv Xs Innb Ahkcw \mw D]tbm
KsSppI. Amlp ]dbpXv {inpI:
*
)

(

{ - :}
"As\ Ahcn Hcmv acWw hsp

tm Ah ]dbpw: Fs cnXmth, Fs
(PohnXntev) XncnbtWta Rm Dt]
hcpnbnp Imcyn F\nv \ \ne
bn {]hnphm Ignbhn[w. Hcn
epan! AsXmcp shdpw hmmWv. AXh ]d
p sImncnpw. AhcpsS ]nn Ah Dbn
sgpt]nsSp Znhkw hsc Hcp ad
bpmbncnpXmWv' (apAvan\q: 99 100).
acWw FXv bmYmyamWv, Bpw
XSv \ndpphmt\m, XSbphmt\m km[nm
bmYmyw. B acWw hspXn\v
apv ]mXm]nv sImv hnizmkw icnpw a\
knemn \akvImcw XpSpI. acWn\v ti
jw tJZnnv êapmhn. Amlp ]dbpp:
201
{: ( }
"Ah AhnsS shv apdhnfnIqpw: RfpsS

cnXmth, Rsf \o ]pdbWta. (apv)
sNbvXncpXn \nv hyXykvXambn R
kIw sNbvXpsImmw. (Atm \mw ]d
bpw:) BtemNnph\v BtemNnm am{Xw
\nv \mw Bbpv Xnt? XmoXpImc
\nfpsS ASpv hcnIbpw sNbvXp. AXn\m
\n A\p`hnp sImpI. A{IanIv
bmsXmcp klmbnbpan' (^mXzm:37).
\cIn Insbcnbptm Hv am
bn t]mbncpsn Fv Binpw, ]t ê
an, Ahv \cIamWv ktXw, AhnsS acW
an, inbmkzZnphm sXmenI amn amn
\IpXmWv. AXv sImv Hv BXvahnNmcW
\SpI. JpB ]dbpp:

)

*

*

(

{-:}
202
"dqlpw aepIfpw AWnbmbn \np Znh

kw. ]caImcpWnI\mb Amlp A\phmZw \
Inbnph\pw kXyw ]dnph\pamsX
Av kwkmcnpIbn. AXs{X bYmXvYamb
Znhkw. AXn\m hh\pw Dtinp ]w
Xs cnXmhntep aSns amKw
Ah kzoIcns. Bkamb Hcp insb
]n Xobmbpw \np \mw apdnbnv \
Inbncnpp. a\pjy Xs ssII apIqn
sNbvXp shXv t\mnmWpIbpw, Atm Rm
ambncpsn F{X \mbncpts\ F
v kXy\ntj[n ]dbpIbpw sNp Znhkw'
(\_Av:38 40).

( : ( )
"Xobmbpw \psS sXfnhpI \ntj[nhsc

\mw \cInenv IcnpXmWv. AhcpsS sXm
enI shpt]mIptmsgmw Ahv \mw th
sd sXmenI amnsImSppXmWv. Ah in
BkzZnp sImncnm thnbmWXv. Xo
bmbpw Amlp {]Xm]hm\pw bpIvXnam\pamIp
p' (\nkmAv:56).
kImv \Imh:
203
Ckvemw Imcyfn aqmatXmWv

Amlp \apv A\p{Klambn \Inb kn
\v Hcp \nnX tXmXv Fptm \nnXamb
Hcp hnlnXw {]tXyI hn`mKv \IpIsb
Xv. AXns tXmy apgph hynIfpw \
tIXmWv. AXv JpB ]d Fv hn`mK
fpsS AhImiamWv, AXmsX ]Wmcs Hu
Zmcya. Ckvemw ]Tnnp kImv k{Zmb
n\v am{Xsa temIp Zmcn{Zyw XpSv amm
km[npIbpq. AXv \Im BfpIv
Amlp ]ctemIv hfsc ITn\amb, klnm
Ignbm inbmWv HcpnbnpXv Fv
Hmtcm hnizmknIfpw a\knemtXpv. AXn
NneXv am{Xw ChnsS tNt.

( )

(

(-:)
"kXyhnizmknItf, ]WvUnXamcnepw ]ptcmln

Xamcnepw s] [mcmfw t] P\fpsS [\w
A\ymbambn XnpIbpw, Amlphns amK
n \nv (Ahsc) XSbpIbpw sNpp. kz
Whpw shnbpw \nt]amnshpIbpw,
204
Amlphns amKn AXv sNehgnmXncn

pIbpw sNphcmtcm Ahv thZ\tbdnb
insbn ktmjhm AdnbnpI. \c
ImKv\nbn shv Ah Npp]gpnsSpIbpw,
FnXv sImv AhcpsS s\nIfnepw ]miz
fnepw apXpIpIfnepw NqSpshsSpIbpw sNp
Znhkw (AhtcmSv ]dbsSpw): \n \n
v thn Xs \nt]npshXmWnXv. A
Xn\m \n \nt]nv shncpXv \n
BkzZnv sImpI.' (Xu_: 34 35)
X\nv Amlp \Inb A\p{Klamb k
n\v Bhiyap kImv \Inbnsn
Fmbncnpw ]ctemIv Ahsbv dkq
epmlv() ]dbpp:
( ( ( )
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv; {]hmNI() ]dbp

Ibpmbn: (Bsnepw Amlp kv \
Ibnv AXns kImv Ah sImSpphon
bnsn Amlp Ahs kns\ Ijn
205
bpw, In\v apIfn cv ]pnIfpap henb

]mmn amn Ahs Ihnfnepw, ]mizfn
epw AXv NppIbpw, Rm\mWv \ns [\hpw, k
mZyhpw Fv hnfnv ]dbpIbpw sNpXmWv.
]noSv Cu Bbv ]mcmbWw sNpIbpm
bn: (Amlp Ahs A\p{Kln \nv X
p \InbnpXn ]nipv ImWnph
AXhv KpWIcamsWv Hcnepw hnNmcn
cpXv. A, Ahv tZmjIcamWXv. Ah ]nip
v ImWn [\w sImv Dbnsgpt]ns
\mfn AhcpsS Igpn ame NmsSp
XmWv) (_pJmcn)
A_qlpdbvd() ]dbpXmbn lZokn
\apv ImWm Ignbpw.

(( )...

{]hmNIXncpta\n() ]dbpp: (kzns

bpw shnbpsSbpw DSa AXns AhIm
iw sImSpp honbnsn Ahkm\ \mfn
Ah Hcpanv Iqn \cInenv ]gpnv Ahs
206
]mizfnepw, s\nbnepw, apXpIpIfnepw NqSp

shpXmWv. AXns NqSv XWpptmsgmw
Xs A]Xn\mbncw hjv Xpyamb
Zn\n ASnaInSbn Xov I]np
Xv hsc hopw hopw NqSv shpXmWv)
(apkvenw).
]eni Xnph:
{]]\mY\n \npw AhXcnns
am\htamN\ns aXamb Ckvemanse Hmtcm
Imcyfpw a\pjy\v kImen\pw tbmPn
XXzfmIpp. AXn\m Xs ]Wmc ]m
hshs cw DunIpSnp k{Zmbamb
]eni Ckvemw hntcm[npIbpw IhSw A\ph
ZnpIbpw sNbvXncnpp. AXns\ kw_n
p Bbsmv \mw {inpI:

( : ( )
"]eni Xnph ]nimNv _m[ \nanw adn

phogph FgptpXv t]msebm
sX FgptpIbn. IhShpw ]eni t]m
207
sesbmWv Fv Ah ]dXns êa

s{X AXv. Fm IhSw Amlp A\phZnp
Ibpw ]eni \njnampIbpamWv sNbvXnp
Xv. AXn\m Amlphns D]tZiw hpInn
bnv (AX\pkcnv) hh\pw (]enibn \nv)
hncanm Ah apv hmnbXv AhpXv
Xs. Ahs Imcyw Amlphns Xocpam\
nv hnt[bambncnpIbpw sNpw. C\n B
scnepw (]enibnS]mSpIfntev Xs) aSp
IbmsWn Ahcs{X \cImhIminI. Ahc
Xn \nXyhmknIfmbncnpw.' (A_Jd:275)
IhSst]msebmWv ]enisbv ]dbp
hv adp]Sn \IpIbpw, ]eni ]msS \njn
amsWv m]npIbpw, ]eni hmph
]ctemIv Dbsgpt]nsSpXv ]n
imNv _m[nhs\ t]msebmbncnpsamWv.
Atm ]eni hmph\v Amlp \Ip
in F{X ITn\amsWv \mw t\mpI. kXy
hnizmknIsf hnfnv sImv Amlp ]enisb
kw_nv ]dbpXv \cIn {]thinp
hm hsc ImcWamIpsamWv.
( )
(- :( )
208
"kXyhnizmknItf, \n Ccnbncnbmbn ]en

i XnmXncnpIbpw Amlpsh kqnpI
bpw sNpI. \n hnPbnIfmtbmw. kXy\n
tj[nIv Hcpnshs \cImKv\nsb \n
kqnpIbpw sNpI'(BepCwdm:130
131).
km[n\mY\mb Xpcm ]eni \ntcm
[ntm \nv Ahtijnp ]eni D
t]nWsav IqSn IzpB hnizmknIsf
]Tnnpp:
(
)

( :)
"kXyhnizmknItf, \n Amlpsh kqn

pIbpw, ]enihIbn _mn Inm\pXv hn
pIfbpIbpw sNtXmWv. \n (bYm
XvY) hnizmknIfmsWn' (A_Jd:278).
Amlp ]enisb bnnpIbpw, Zm\
[sf ]cnt]mjnnpIbpw sNpsamWv
]dbpXv. kaImeo\ kaqln ]eniW
hpw, hnenibpw hmn XSnv sImgpphcp
sS A\p`hw \mw \ntXy\ ImWpptm. Ah
cpsS PohnXn Hcnepw IcIbdphm km
[nm ]coWfpw _pnappIfpw sImv
\ndXmbn \apv ImWm\mhpw. AXmWv
209
(
)
"Amlp ]enisb bnnpIbpw Zm\[

sf t]mjnnpIbpw sNpw. bmsXmcp \n
sI Zphrs\bpw Amlp CjvSsSpX.'
(A_Jd:276)
]eni Xnphv Amlp ]ctemIv
Hcpnbncnp ap inI \mw {]hmNIs
hN\fneqsS hmbnpI:
Hcn {]hmNI() Xs A\pNcm
tcmSv \nfn Bscnepw kz]v\w Inptm
sbv tNmZnp. Ahcmcpw kz]v\w Incpn.
Ans\ {]hmNI() I kz]v\w kzlm_n
Iv hniZoIcnv sImSpp ssZLyap
lZokn \apv Cs\ ImWmhpXmWv:

...)

...
(( )...
(R Hcp ]pgcnIn hp\np, cw t]m
se Nphp PeamWv B \ZnbnepXv, An
210
s\ B \ZnbneXm Hcm \onsmncnpp,

\ZnbpsS Icbntesp k`neXm a
smcp a\pjy Hcp]mSv IpI Hcpanv Iqnbn
ncnpp, B \onsmncnph [mcmfw
\onbXntijw IpI Hcpanv Iqnbhs
ASptev hcpIbpw B IpI hmbbnte
v CpsImSppIbpw sNpp, hopw At
lw \om\mbn t]mhpIbpw, Xncnv hcpIbpw
sNpp, Xncnv hcptmsgms Atlns
hmbbntev IpI CpsImncnpp ({]
hmNI() Hcp]mSv ImgvN ImWpIbpmbn)
\Znbn \opIbpw IpI hmbbntev Cv
sImncnpIbpw sNph ]eni Xnph
\mbncpp) (_pJmcn).
]eni Xnphs\bpw, AXn\v kmyw
\nphs\bpw, AXns FgpvIppI
\Sphs\bpw Amlphns dkq i]nn
psv lZokpI \s ]Tnnpp:

)

( ( )

Pm_n()hn \nv, Atlw ]dbpp: (]eni

Xnphs\bpw, Xonphs\bpw, AXv Fgp
Xphs\bpw, AXns cv kmnIsfbpw
211
dkqepmlv() i]nncnpp, ]dp Ah

Hcpt]msebmIpp) (apkvenw)
hy`nNmcnIfpw, hy`nNmcnWnIfpw:
Ckvemw {]IrXn aXambXv sImv Xs a
\pjycpsS hnImc iannphm\mbn IrXy
amb amKfpw, \nbafpw \Inbnpv. X
s hnImcw iannphm Ckvemw ]Tnnp
amK am{Xsa Hcp hnizmkn kzoIcnphm
]mSpq. AXn\pdap amKw Ckvemw hntcm
[nppv. {_ Ncyw Ckvemw hntcm[np
Xvt]mse Xs sseKnB`mkfpw Ckvemw hn
tcm[npp. ]cn[nhnvsImp sseKnIXbn
tev a\pjysc \n \SSpcpXv Fv
]Tnnptm Xs AXns\ XSbp amK
fpw Ckvemw \ntinppv. AXn s]Xm
Wv kv{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw \nbXamb hkv{Xw [cn
WsapXv. Ckvemans Cu cwKp am
K\nti hfsc IWnihpw, a\pjy {]Ir
Xnv \qdv iXam\pw tbmPnXpamWv. AXv Jp
B\n ]dbpXmbn \apv Cs\ ImWmhp
XmWv:

()
212

(-: ( )
"(\_ntb,) \o kXyhnizmknItfmSv AhcpsS Zr

jvSnI Xmgvphm\pw, Kplymhbh Imp
kqnphm\pw ]dbpI. AXmWv Ahv Gsd
]cnipambnpXv. Xobmbpw Amlp Ah
\mIpp. kXyhnizmkn\nItfmSpw AhcpsS Zr
jvSnI Xmgvphm\pw AhcpsS Kplymhbh
Impkqnphm\pw, AhcpsS `wKnbn
\nv {]XyambsXmgnv asmpw shfnsSp
mXncnphm\pw \o ]dbpI. AhcpsS a\
I IpmbamdpIv aosX Ah Xmgvnbnp
sIms. AhcpsS `mam, AhcpsS ]n
Xm, AhcpsS `Xr]nXm, AhcpsS ]p{X
am, AhcpsS `Xr]p{Xam, AhcpsS k
tlmZcam, AhcpsS ktlmZc]p{Xam, Ah
cpsS ktlmZco ]p{Xam, apkvenwIfn \np
kv{XoI, AhcpsS hewssII DSasSp
213
nbh (ASnaI), ssewKnImkIvXn Dh

cm ]pcpjamcmb ]cnNmcI, kv{XoIfpsS
clky a\nemnbnnm IpnI F
nhscmgnv ampw XfpsS `wKn Ah sh
fnsSpcpXv. X adp shp XfpsS
Aemcw AdnbsSphm thn Ah Imen
SnpIbpw sNcpXv. kXyhnizmknItf, \nsf
mhcpw Amlphntev tJZnpaSpI. \n
hnPbw {]m]ntmw' (\q: 30 31).
a\kn ZphnNmchpmabn \Sp ]qhm
eamcn \nv csSphm\mbn \n am\y
ambn hkv{Xw [cnWsapw, \n D]{Zhn
sSmXncnphm\mbn \nfpsS apJa\I am
dnStv XmgvnbnSWsav IqSn kv{XoItfmSv
Ckvemw ]Tnnpp:
(:)
"\_ntb, \ns ]Xv\namtcmSpw ]p{XnamtcmSpw k

XyhnizmknIfpsS kv{XoItfmSpw Ah Xfp
sS aqSp]S XfpsSta XmgvnbnSm ]d
bpI: Ah XncndnbsSphm\pw, As\ Ah
ieyw sNsSmXncnphm\pw AXmWv G
214
hpw A\ptbmPyambXv. Amlp Gsd s]mdpp

h\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamIpp' (Alvkm_v:59).
Ckvemw ]dbpXv hy`nNcncpXv F,
adnv hy`nNmcntev \bnp Imcyfnte
v t]mepw ASpcpXv FmWv. hy`nNmcn
tev ASpnp t\mw, tIhn, kwkmcw,
hmb\ t]msebp Hntepw ASpcpXv F
mWv. IzpB AXmWv ]dbpXv:
( : ( )
)
"\n hy`nNmcs kao]nv t]mIcpXv. Xo

bmbpw AXv Hcp \oNhrnbpw Zpjn amKhp
amIpp' (C{_mlnw: 32)
Cu \nba a\knemnbnpw, ]Tnnpw ho
pw hy`nNcnphs\ Cu Zpbmhn shv
Xs innWsamWv Ckvemw ]Tnnp
Xv. hnhmlw Ignh\mWv hy`nNcnpXv Fn
Ahs\ FdnvsImphm\pw, AhnhmlnX\m
Wv, AhnhmlnXbmWv hy`nNcnpsXn A
h\pw, Ahpw \qdv ASnsImSpWsapw C
kvemw ]dbpp. AXpt]mse Ahv ]ctemI
v hfsc henb inbmWv HcpnbnpXv. {]
hmNI() ]dbpXv \mw {inpI: apIfn
]eni Xnphp in hnhcn B kpZo
Lamb lZokn Xs hy`nNmcnIp in
bpw hniZoIcnpp:
215

...)

...
(( )...
( R Hcp ASpns cq]nep Hcp km
[\ns ASpspIbpmbn, Atlw A

sXmsWv ]dbpsav Rm hnNmcnp, B A
Spv t]msebpXn \nv Xncndnbm km[n
m ihpw, HmSpIfpw ]pdv hcpp,
Ans\ R AXntev Fnt\mnbtm
\cmbnp kv{XoIfpw ]pcpjamcpamWXn
epXv, AhcpsS Xmgv`mKv \npw Xo Pzme
I hcppv, Ans\ Xo PzmeI hcptm
Ah AlknpIbpw sNpp. ASpns
cq]nep hkvXphn \cmb kv{Xo ]pcp
jamsc ZinXv Ah hy`nNmcnIfpw, hy`nNm
cnWnIfpamIpp. ) (_pJmcn)
hy`nNmcmtcm]Ww:
]XnhyXIfmb kv{XoIsf kw_nv hy
`nNmcmtcm]Ww \SpXv hfsc henb ]m]
hpw in e`npXpamIpp. AXpsImv X
s Bsc kw_npw \mw Ans\bp B
216
tcm]Ww \Sphm ]mSn. AXv kv{XobmsW

nepw ]pcpj\msWnepw icn. Bscnepw A
ns\bphsc kw_nv Btcm]Ww \Sp
IbmsWn Ah\v sFlnI temIpw, ]mc
{XnI temIpw ITn\ inbmbncnpw e`np
I. AXv P\nSbn hmmam[yafneq
sS {]Ncnnphcpw {intXpv. Ahcp
sS kmyw t]mepw kzoIcnphm ]mSnmsb
mWv JpB ]TnnpXv.

( )

(-: ( )
"]Xn{hXIfpw(Zphrnsbn)HmpI t]mepw
sNmhcpamb kXyhnizmkn\nIsfn Zpcm
tcm]Ww \Sphcmtcm Ah Clnepw
]cnepw i]nsncnpp; Xo. Ahv
`bcamb inbpapv. Ah {]hnp
sImncpXns\n AhcpsS \mhpIfpw ssI
Ifpw ImepIfpw AhsXncmbn kmn]dbp
Znhknes{X AXv (in)' (\q: 23,24) .
)

( : ( )
217
"Nmcn{XhXnIfpsS ta (hy`nNmcw) Btcm]np

Ibpw, Fnv \mep kmnIsf sImp hcmXn
cnpIbpw sNphsc \n F]Xv ASn
ASnpI. AhcpsS kmyw \n Hcnepw
kzoIcnpIbpw sNcpXv. Ah XsbmIpp
A[ImcnI' (\q:4).
GjWnbpw, ]cZqjWhpw:
A\ycpsS A`nam\n\v Ckvemw hfscb
[nIw {]m[m\yamWv \IpXv, AXpsImv X
s GjWnbpw, ]cZqjWhpw ]dbpXpw, {]N
cnnpXpw IpIchpw, ihw XnpXn\v Xp
yambnmWv Ckvemw ImWpXv, JpB ]Tn
npXv.

(:( )
"kXyhnizmknItf, Duln anXpw \n

shSnbpI. Xobmbpw Duln NneXv Ip
amIpp. \n Nmchrn \SpIbpw AcpXv.
\nfn Nne Nnescn AhcpsS A`mhn
Zpjnp]dbpIbpw AcpXv. Xs ktlmZc
acnpInSptm Ahs amwkw `nphm
\nfmscnepw CjvSsSptam? Fm AXv
218
(ihw XnpXv) \n shdppIbmWv sNp
Xv. Amlpsh \n kqnpI. Xobm

bpw Amlp ]ivNmm]w kzoIcnph\pw
IcpWm\n[nbpamIpp.' (lpPpdmv:12)
FmWv ]cZqjWsav {]hmNI()
\apv ]Tnnv XcpXv \mw hmbnpI:
(( )
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv {]hmNI() tNmZn

pIbpmbn: Ko_v (]cZqjWw) FmsW
v \ndnbptam? Ah ]dp: Amlphn
\pw Ahs dkqen\pw Adnbmw. ]dp: \ns
ktlmZs\ kw_nv Ah shdpp Im
cyw ]dbemIpp. ]dbsp: Rm ]dbp Im
cyw Fs ktlmZc\n Dntem?. \_n ]d
p: \o ]dbpXv Ah\n Dsn \o Ah
s\ kw_nv ]cZqjWw ]dncnpp, A
h\n AXv Cmsbn \o Ifhv ]dncnp
p) (apkvenw) P\fpsS ] amwkw `np
hp in \_n() hnhcnpXv \mw
{inpI:
219
( ( )

A\kv_v\p amenIv ]dp: dkqepmlv() ]d

bpIbpmbn: DX\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb Fs
cnXmhv Fsbpw sImv anAvdmPv \Snb
thfbn Hcp kaqln\cnIneqsS ISvt]mhp
Ibpmbn, Ahv temlw sImp \J
fpv, Ah AXvsImv AhcpsS apJhpw s\
pw amnsmncnppv. Atm Pn_vco
ent\mSv Ah BcmsWv Rm tNmZnp. A
tm \_n ]dp: Ah P\fpsS amwkw
Xnphcpw, ]cZqjWw ]dbphcpamIpp,
P\fpsS A`nam\n\v Xta]nhcpamIp
p) (AlvaZv)
( ( )
A_q_km A Akvean()hn \nv, At

lw ]dp: {]hmNI() ]dbpIbpmbn:
220
(\mhv sImv hnizknpIbpw, lrZbntev
hnizmkw {]thinpIbpw sNm kaqlta,

\n apkveofn ]cZqjWw ]dv \S
cpXv, AhcpsS \XIsf ]n]n \SpIbpw
sNcpXv, Bscnepw AhcpsS \XIsf Npgn
t\zjnv \SpIbmsWn Amlp Ah
sbpw \XIsfbpw t]mcmbvaIsfbpw At\z
jnpXmWv, BcpsSsbnepw t]mcmbvaIsf
Amlp At\zjnpIbmsWn Ahs hon
shhs\ hjfmpXmWv) (A_qZmhqZv)
GjWn ]dv \Sphv ]ctemI
tv FpXn\v apv _kJnbmb temI
v shv Xs in e`npsav Amlphn
s Znhyktim kwkmcnp {]hmNI
() ]dbpXv \mw tIpI:

( ( )

C_v\p A_mkv()hn \nv: {]hmNI() a

Zo\bnse Hcp tXmneqsS \Sv t]mIpIbm
221
bncpp, Asn abpsS, Atm J_dn

innsSp cv a\pjycpsS iw tIp
Ibpmbn, Ah innsvsImncnpXv
henb Imcyn\. ]noSv ]dbpIbpmbn: A
hcn Hcm aq{Xnm icnpw hynbmmdp
mbncpn, cmas hyn ]cZqjWw ]d
v \Sph\mbncpp. ]noSv Hcp Cu
\ Xv sImphcm ]dbpIbpw, AXv cv I
jvWamn cv J_dnepw Hmtcm IjvW \m
nshpIbpw sNbvXp. Fn\mWv {]hmNIsc,
\n Cs\ sNbvXXv Fv tNmZnsp. H
cp]t, Ah DWpXvhsc Ahv in
bn \nv Cfhv \Intbmw) (_pJmcn)
( ( )
lpssZ^()bn \nv, {]hmNI() ]dbp

Xmbn Rm tIpIbpmbn: (GjWn ]d
v \Sph kzKn {]thinpIbn)
(_pJmcn)
h\bpw, NXnbpw \Snbh:

kIe t{i KpWfpsSbpw kwKa aX
amb Ckvemw Hcnepw NXnbpw h\bpw A\p
hZnpn, adnv AXv \njnampIbmWv sN
222
bvXnpv. NXnbpw h\bpw ImWnphv

]ctemIv ITn\ inbpsv JpB ]Tn
npp, AXpt]mse h\bneqsS t\SnsbSp
hkvXpfpambn ]ctemIv hImsc
bpw NXnbamscbpw Hcpanv Iqpsav {]hmN
I() \s ]TnnpXv \mw {inpI:

( : ()
"Hcp {]hmNI\pw hXpw hnsSppI FXv

DmImhpX. hh\pw hnsSpm Xm
hnsSp km[\hpambn Dbnsgpt
]ns \mfn Ah hcpXmWv. A\cw Hm
tcm hyIvXnpw Xm kmZnpshXns êw
]qambn \IsSpw. AhtcmSv Hcp A\oXn
bpw ImWnsSpX' (BepCwdm:161).

: :

( ( )
C_v\p Da()hn \nv {]hmNI() ]dbpI

bpmbn: (Ahkm\ \mfn temIv Ignv
t]mbnp apImemscbpw ]nImemsc
bpw HcpanvIqptm h\ ImWn apgph\m
fpIpw Hmtcm ]XmIIfpmIpw, Fnv ]d
223
bsSpw, CXv Cmen hyn hnsSpXm

Ipp) (apkvenw).

(( )
A_qlpdbvd() ]dbpp: ({]hmNI() R

fn \nv Fgptv sImv h\bpsS Imcyw
hfsc KuchXcamb cq]n ]dbpIbpmbn:
Ahkm\ \mfn \nfn Bscsbnepw Iv
appw, Ahs ]ncSnbn Hcp BSpmbncnpw,
AXv Icv sImncnpw, Ahs ]ncSnbn
IpXncbpmIpw, AXpw Icv sImncnpw
Ans\bph ]dbpw, {]hmNIsc, \n H
v klmbnmepw, Atm Rm ]dbpw, F\n
v Hn\pw km[ya, Rm\nXns\ kw_nv ap
t XmoXv sNbvXnptm. AXpt]mse Ah
s ]ncSnbn IgpXbpv, AXv Aedn sImn
224
cnpp, Ah ]dbpw, {]hmNIsc, klmbnm

epw, Atm Rm ]dbpw, F\nv Hn\pw km
[ya, Rm\nXns\ kw_nv apt XmoXv
sNbvXnptm. Ahs ]ncSnbn hnsSp
kzWhpw shnbpapmIpw Ah\pw ]d
bpw {]hmNIsc, klmbnmepw, Atm Rm
]dbpw, F\nv Hn\pw km[ya, Rm\nXns\
kw_nv apt XmoXv sNbvXnptm. A
Xpt]mse Ahs ]ncSnbn hnsSp hkv
{Xfpw apw DmIpw AXv Atmpantmpw
CfInsImncnpw Ah ]dbpw {]hmNIsc,
klmbnmepw, Atm Rm ]dbpw, F\nv
Hn\pw km[ya, Rm\nXns\ kw_nv apt
XmoXv sNbvXnptm) (_pJmcn)
`qan IhsSph:
A\ycpsS `qan Bscnepw A\lamb cq
]n IhsSppIbmsWn Ah\v ]c
temIv AXnITn\amb inbmbncnpw Dm
hpI. AXmWv {]hmNI()]TnnpXv.
( ( )
225
kAZv_v\p sskZv()hn \nv; {]hmNI()

]dbpXmbn Rm tIpIbpmbn: AhIm
iw IqSmsX Bscnepw `qan ssIhisSpp
IbmsWn ]ctemIhs ]ncSnbn Ggv
`qanI NmsSpXmWv) (_pJmcn)
:
)

( ( )
kmenw Xs ]nXmhn() \nv; {]hmNI()

]dbpIbpmbn: AhImiw IqSmsX Bscnepw
`qan IhsSppIbmsWn Ggv `qanIfnte
hs\ Xmgvn IfbpXmWv) (_pJmcn)
AlmcnI:
Almcw \SnpIsbXv ZpKpWn
s]XmWv, Ckvemw hntcm[n ImcyamWXv, ]c
temIv hfsc henb inbmbncnpw An
s\bphv e`npI. a\pjy\v Almcnbm
hm\p Hcp AhImihpan, ImcWw hfsc \n
mc\mWv a\pjy, kzw icocs t]mepw
\nb{nphmt\m, kwcnphmt\m km[nm
Zp_e\mWv a\pjy. a\pjy Xs P\\
hpw KÌmeLhpw Fmw ]cntim[nptm
226
gpw Ah AXn\v ]nn {]hn ]S Xp

cmt\mSv GXv \nepw ISsh\mWv. AXvsIm
v Xs Ah\v IosgmXpnbmbncnWah
PohntXv. Almcw \Snph\p in
{]hmNI() hniZoIcnpXmbn \apv Im
Wm\mhpw:

( )...
(
Awdp_v\p ipssF_v() Xs ]nXmhn

\npw, ]nXmhv Xs ]nXmhn \npw,
{]hmNI()
]dbpIbpmbn:
(AlmcnIfmb P\sf A hkm\ \mfn
sNdnb Ddpns hepn a\pjycpsS
cq]n Hcpanv IqpXmWv, F m ev
\npw Ahsc \nyX hebw sNp XmWv
) (XnanZn, AlvaZv, anivImp akzm_olv).
( ( )

Apmlv()hn \nv: {]hmNI() ]dbpI

bpmbn: (BcpsSsbnepw lrZbfn AWp
227
aWnqw Almcapsn Ah kzK

n {]thinpIbn) (apkvenw)
{]hmNI()bpsS t]cnepff Ifhv:

Ifhv ]dbpXv Ckvemw hnepIbpw, ]
ctemIv in e`np ]m]hpampIbpw
sNbvXnpv. AXnt\m henb inbmbncn
pw {]hmNI()bpsS t]cn Ifhv ]dbp
Xn\v. Hcnepw Hcp apkvenw Fns t]cnembm
epw icn {]hmNI()bpsS t]cn Ifhv ]d
bphm ]mSn. Nne kwLS\I P\sf D
_pcmphm\mbn XfpsS {Kfn Hcp
]mSv IfhpI {]hmNIs t]cn FgpXnsh
pIbpw, FnXv P\nSbn {]Ncnnp
Ibpw sNpXmbn ImWm km[npw, Ah
]dbpXv R CXvsImv {]t_m[\amWv
DtinpXv. Ah AdnbpI {]hmNIs t]cn
BcmtWm Ifhv ]dbpXv Ah \cIn
Ahs CcnnSw Ddnv sImssbmWv dkq
epmlv() \s ]TnnpXv. B lZokv Hv
ImWpI:
( ( )

228
keabn() \nv: {]hmNI() ]dbpXmbn

Rm tIpIbpmbn: (Rm ]dbmXv B
scnepw Fs t]cn ]dbpIbmsWn \cI
n Ah Ahs CcnnSw Ddns) (_p
Jmcn).
CXpt]mse Hcp]mSv lZokpI ImWmhp
XmWv, {]hmNI() ]dbmXv Bscnepw
Xncpta\n ]dpshv ]dm Ah \cI
n Ahs CcnnSw DdnssbmWv \
_n() \s ]TnnpXv.
t^tmsbSpphcpw, Nn{Xw hcbvphcpw:

CkvemanI \nba hfsc IrXyhpw, hy
hpamWv. AXvsImv Xs apkvenw kaqlw
inntesp
apgph
amKfpw
Amlp hfsc hyambn ASv Ifnpv.
PohnIfpsS Nn{Xw hcpXpw, a\pjycpsS cq]w
hcpXpw, t^mtmsbSpppXpw Ii\am
bn Xs Ckvemw hntcm[nnv. ]ctemIv G
hpw IqSpX in A\p`hnpXv t^mtmsb
SpphcmsWv hyambn lZokpIfn Im
WmhpXmWv. B[p\nI Imev Hmtcm hyn
IfpsSbpw ASpv IymadbmWv \apv ImWm
km[npXv. AXneqsSbpw, AmsXbpw a\p
jycpsSbpw PohnIfpsSbpw t^mtmsbSppI
229
bpw AXv BfpI ImWp cq]n Xqn sh

pIbpw sNpXv k km[mcWbmbn \ap
v ImWm\mhpw. Acnep BfpI a\
knemt ITn\amb XmoXmWv \apv lZo
kpIfneqsS ImWphm km[npXv. Bscn
epw cq] hoSpIfn Xqnbm AhnsS A
\p{Klns aepI {]thinpIbnmsb
mWv Xncpta\n() \s ]TnnpXv. AXym
hiyn\v am{Xsa (]mkvt]mv, Xncndnb Im
Uv... ) t^mtmsbSpphm A\phmZw \Ip
pqshv Hmtcm apkvenapw a\knemt
Xpv. hnhmln\pw, Dmkbm{Xvt]mIptm
gpw ]e cq]n \npw Ccppw InSpw apw
t^mtmsbSppIbpw AXv {]ZinnpIbpw,
B_nempIbpw sNp kz`mhw apkveo
fn IqSpXembn Iv hcpp. CXv Dt]n
t ImcyamWv. ]ctemIv henb in e`n
p ImcyhpamWv. {]hmNI() ]dbpXv
\mw {inpI:

( ( )
230
ApmC_v\p Da()hn \nv; {]hmNI

() ]dp: (Cu cq]fpmph Ah
km\ \mfn innsSpXmWv, AhtcmSv \n
krnXn\v Poh\nSpIsbv ]dbpXm
Wv) (_pJmcn)
{]hmNI() Xs hon \nv ]pdv
t]mb k`n Bbnim() Btcm sImv
hv sImSp cq]fp Hcp XpWn XebnW
v DdbpmpIbpmbn. B k`n
{]hmNI() tIm]m hontev {]thin
msX hmXnen\Spv Xs \npIbpw, Fn
v AXv Dt]nphm\mbn I]npIbpw sN
pXv \mw {inpI:

( ( )
Bbnim()bn \nv Ah ]dbpp: (Rm

{]hmNI()v Hcp XebnWbpmpIbpm
bn, AXn PohnIfpsS cq]fpmbncpp, A
Xv Ccnm\p Hcp XebnWbmbncpp. An
231
s\ {]hmNI() hontev hpshnepw hm

Xnen\Spv \npIbmWv sNbvXXv, B kabw
{]hmNIs apJw hnhWambn. Atm Rm
{]hmNIt\mSv tNmZnp: FmWv {]hmNIsc, ]
dp: Cu XebnWIfpsS AhsbmWv?
Atm Rm ]dp: Xmv AXnt Nm
cnbncnphm\mbn Rm Dmnb XebnWbm
Wv. Xncpta\n ]dbpIbpmbn: \n\dnbnt, cq
]fp hontev aepI {]thinpIbn
msbv. BcmtWm cq] DmpXv Ah
]ctemIv innsSpIbpw, Ah Dm
nbXn\v Poh \Iphm AhtcmSv ]dbpI
bpw sNpXmWv) (_pJmcn)

( ( )
\fv_v\p A\kv_v\p amenIv()hn \nv:At

lw ]dbpp: (Rm C_v\p Amkv()hns
ASpv CcnpIbmbncpp, Atlw ^Xvh \
Ippv, AXn\v sXfnhmbn {]hmNI() ]
dpshv ]dbmsX sXfnhv ]dbpIbmbncpp,
232
Ans\ Hcm tNmZnpIbpmbn: Rm t^m

tmbpmp hynbmWv, Atm Atl
tmSv C_v\p Amkv ASpncnm ]dp,
Ans\ B a\pjy ASpncpp, Ans\
C_v\pAmkv ]dp: (dkqepmlv() ]dbp
Xmbn Rm tIp, Bscnepw Zpbmhn sh
v cq]fpmnbm Ahkm\ \mfn AXn\v
BXvamhns\ \Iphm Aht\mSv I]np
XmWv, Fm Ah\Xn\v km[npIbn Xs)
(_pJmcn).
( ( )
Apmlv() ]dbpp: dkqepmlv() ]dbp

Xmbn Rm tIp: (Ahkm\ \mfn Amlp
hns ASpv Ghpw IqSpX in e`np
Xv cq]apm(t^mtmsbSp) phcmIpp)
(_pJmcn).

( ( )
233
Bbnim() ]dbpp: {]hmNI() FsbSp

v {]thinp, B kabw hon sImp ]Wn
Ifpw, cq]fpap Hcp hncn Rm Xqnbn
cpp, AXvI {]hmNIs apJw hnhWambn,
Fnv B hncn FSpv \innv Ifp. B
bni() ]dbpp; dkqepmlv() ]dbpIbp
mbn: Cs\bp cq] Dmphcmbn
cnpw Ahkm\ \mfn P\fn shv G
hpw IqSpX in A\p`hnpXv) (_pJmcn).
( ( )

kmenw Xs ]nXmhn \nv Dcnpp: (Pn_v

co {]hmNI()v Icm \IpIbmWv, \m
bbpw, cq]fpw D hoSpIfntev R {]
thinpIbn) (_pJmcn).
aZy]m\nI
FmXcw No {]h\sfbpw, Zp:kz
`msfbpw Ckvemw hntcm[nnpv. AXns `m
Kambn a\pjyXzw \innp elcn ]Zm
sfbpw Ckvemw \njnamn. bmsXmcp {]
tbmN\hpanm, \miw am{Xw \Ip ]pI
hen, AXpt]mse aZy]m\w, elcn ]Zm
t]msebp apgph Imcysfbpw Ckvemw
234
\njnamnbnpv. elcn ]Zm D]tbm

Knphv ]ctemIv ITn\ inbmWv e
`npIsbv Ckvemw ]Tnnppv. JpB
elcn ]Zmsf hntcm[npXv \mw {in
pI:

( )( :

"kXyhnizmknItf, aZyhpw NqXmhpw {]XnjvT

Ifpw {]iv\w shv t\mm\p ApIfpw
ss]imNnIamb tNvOhrn am{XamIpp. A
Xn\m \n AsXms hnpI. \n
v hnPbw {]m]nmw' (amCZ:90).
{]hmNI() ]dbpXmbn \apv lZo
kpIfn Cs\ ImWmhpXmWv:

( )(
Pm_n()hn \nv; ssPim\n (ssPim ba

\nse Hcp ew) \nv Hcm hv sImv dkq
235
epmlv()tbmSv B {]tZipIm [m\yfn

\nv ]ngnsSpv IpSnp Hcp ]m\ob
s kw_nv tNmZnpIbpmbn, AXn\v
]dbp t]cv Aankvdp (tKmXn \ntm,
ap [m\yfn \ntm ]ngnsSpp Nmdv)
Fv ]dbpp. \_n() tNmZnp, AXv elcnbp
mpXmtWm? Atlw ]dbpIbpmbn:
AsX, Atm dkqepmlv() ]dp: elcn
bpmp apgph km[\fpw \njnamWv,
DX\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb Amlp elcnbpm
pXv IpSnp apgph\mfpItfmSpw Icm
sNbvXncnpp, Ah ]ctemIv Ahsc (Xzo
\p l_m) IpSnnpI Xs sNpsav,
Ah tNmZnp: {]hmNIsc, FmWv Xzo\p
l_m? ]dp: \cIhmknIfpsS hnbm
Wv, Asn \cIhmknIfpsS chpw, Ne
hpw Ie NmdmIpp) (apkvenw).
( ( )
C_v\p Da()hn \nv; {]hmNI() ]dbp

Ibpmbn: (elcnbpmpXv apgph\pw aZy
236
amWv, elcnbpmpXv apgph\pw \njnam

Wv, Bscnepw Zpbmhn shv aZyw IpSnpI
bpw, Xu_ sNmsX apgp IpSnb\mbn acnpI
bpw sNbvXm ]ctemIv Ah\Xv IpSnphm
km[ya) (apkvenw).
sImebmfnI:
Ckvemw a\pjy Poh\v hfscb[nIw {]m
[m\yamWv \IpXv, Hcnepw Hcmsfbpw A
\ymbambn h[nphm ]mSn. Bscnepw A
\ymbambn sIme \SpIbmsWn ITn\amb
inbmWv Amlp Ah\v \IpI. CkvemanI
\nba{]Imcw Hcp a\pjys\ h[nphm\p A
[nImcw CkvemanI Khsant\m, AsXsn
CkvemanI cm{nse Aaodnt\m, B Aao
NpaXesSpp tImSXntm am{Xsa AhIm
iapq. AXmsX CkvemanI cm{amsWn
t]mepw sIme \Snbhs\ GsXnepw hyn
tm, kwLS\Itm, kwLtm {]Xn
Imcw \Sphm AhImian. ]nssbns\
bmWv Cysbt]msebp A\nkvemanI Kh
san\v Ingn Pohnphv Cu Imcyw sN
phm AhImiw e`npI. PolmZns t]cv
]dv Ckvemans i{Xpfmb NnebmfpI
AhcpsS kzm Xm]cyv thn bphm
237
sf D]tbmKsSpnsmv sImebpw A{I

ahpw apw \SpXmbn \apv ImWm\mhpw.
CXn\v t\XrXzw \Iph hoSpIfnepw Hmô
kpIfnepw CcppsImv ]mhs apkvenw bp
hmsf Ckvemw hntcm[np Imcy sN
phm\mbn \ntbmKnpXv ]ctemIv ITn\
in e`np ImcyamsWv \mw a\knemt
Xpv. Ckvemansbpw, apkveofpsSbpw kw
cWns samw IpI AhImisSp
h Cv tIcfnepw apw \Snb A{Ia
fn apm iXam\hpw apkveosXncn
XsbmWv \SpXv FXv Hmtcm Xo{hhm
ZnIsfbpw Nnnnt ImcyamWv. Xo{hhmZ
hpw, òIchmZhpw Ckvemw hntcm[n Imcyam
sWv a\knemn Acw NnI Dt]nv
sImv Ckvemans X\Xmb hnizmkntev
Xncnv hcp apkveosf Xs \SptdmUnenv
sIme sNpIbpw, A{IanpIbpw sNpIbm
Wv apkveofpsS kwcWtasSpsv Ah
ImisSp Ckvemans i{Xpfmb òIchmZn,
Xo{hhmZ kwLfpw, kwLS\Ifpw, BfpIfpw
sNbvXv sImncnpXv. Ahscmw CkvemanI
A[y]\ hmbnncppshn Hcnepw
Cu A{Ian\v Iqv \npIbn. Ckvemw A
\phZnp PolmZv FmsWv a\knemt
238
Xv CkvemanI {]amWfmb hnip JpB

\n \npw, {]hmNIs Ncybn \npamWv.
AXmsX auZqZnbptStbm, AenicoAnbptS
tbm, Jpssa\nbpsStbm, atsXnepw inbmfp
sS {Kfn \ntm, AXsn XfpsS
kwLS\m t\XmfpsS \SmXncv \Sp
sagpIpXncnshnep mkn \ntm Am
sbv a\knempI. Bscnepw Hcp kXyhn
izmknsb h[npIbmsWn Ah\p in
FmsWv JpB hniZampXv t\mpI.
Cu inbn Ans\bp Xo{hhmZ kwL
fn tNhcpw, AXn\v thn klmbnp
hcpw, AXn\v thn {]hnphcpw, A
Xn\vthn t\XrXzw \Iphcpw DsSpsav
IqSn AdnbpI. JpB ]dbpp:

)

(: ( )
"Bscnepw Hcp kXyhnizmknsb a\x]qIPw

sImesSpp ]w Ahp {]Xnêw
\cIamIpp. Ah\Xn \nXyhmknbmbncnpw.
Ahs t\sc Amlp tIm]npIbpw, Ahs\
i]npIbpw sNbvXncnpp. I\ inbm
Wv Ahpthn Amlp HcpnshppXv'
(\nkmAv:93) .
239
hnipJpB ]dbpXv Bscnepw

Hcmsf A\ymbambn h[npIbmsWn Ah
apgph a\pjyscbpw h[nXn\v XpyamWv, A
Xpt]mse Bscnepw Hcmsf Pohnnm AXm
bXv Poh \ne\nm\mhiyamb klmb k
lIcW sNbvXm Ah apgph P\
sfbpw PohnnXn\v XpyamIpp. AXmWv
Amlp ]dbpXv:

( : ( )
"AmcWm C{kmbo kXnIv \mw

C{]Imcw hn[n\IpIbpmbn: asmcmsf sIm
Xn\v ]Icamtbm, `qanbn IpgapmnbXn
s t]cntem AmsX hh\pw Hcmsf sIme
sSpnbm, AXv a\pjysc apgph sImes
SpnbXn\v XpeyamIpp. HcmfpsS Poh h
h\pw cnm, AXv a\pjycpsS apgph Poh
cnXn\v XpeyamIpp. \psS ZqXam
hyIvXamb sXfnhpIfpambn AhcpsS (C{kmbo
eycpsS) ASpv sNnpv. Fnv AXn\p
tijw Ahcn [mcmfw t] `qanbn AXn{Iaw
{]hnpsImncnpIbmWv.' (amCZ:32)
240
( ( )
Apmlv()hn \nv; {]hmNI() ]dbpI

bpmbn: (P\nSbn BZyw Xov I]n
pXvcns ImcynemIpp) (_pJmcn).

)

(

( )
( )
C_v\p Amkv()hn \nv:, {]hmNI()

]dp: (Ahkm\ \mfn sIme sNbvXh
sImsh\pambn hcpXmWv, sImshs
Xebpw, s\nbpw sImebmfnbpsS Inembncn
pw, Ans\ RcpIfn \nv cw HgpIn
sImncnpXmWv, Fnv B sImsh
Ajntev ASpnpXv hsc hnfnv ]dbpw:
Fs cnXmsh, Ch\mWv Fs h[nXv. ]d
p: sImebmfnv Xu_bptmsbv C_v\p
Amknt\mSv tNmZnp. Atm Xmsg hcp
Bbv ]mcmbWw sNbvXp: "Bscnepw Hcp k
241
Xyhnizmknsb a\x]qw sImesSpp ]

w Ahp {]Xnêw \cIamIpp'.. Fnv
C_v\pAmkv ]dp: Cu Bbv Zpes
Spnbnn, AXpt]mse ampIbpw sNbvXnn.
Ah\v Fns\bmWv Xu_ e`npI) (XnanZn,
\kmC, AlvaZv)
( ( )
apBhn: JpXzp_ ]dbptm ]dbpIbpm

bn: (dkqepmlv() ]dbpXmbn Rm tIp:
(Hcm Hcp hnizmknsb a\:]qIPw h[np
Xpw, Ahnizmknbmbn Hcm acnpIsbXpw H
gnp apgph ]m]fpw Hcp]t Amlp
s]mdpv sImSptmw) (AlvaZv, XnanZn, \
kmC).
Hcp hnizmknsb Bscnepw h[npIsb
Xv AmlphnsbSpv hfsc henb ]m]
amWv. {]hmNI() ]TnnpXv Cu `qanbpw
AXnepXv apgph\pw \inpXnt\m hen
b A{IaamWv Hcp hnizmknsb h[npIsb
Xv. dkqepmlv() ]TnnpXv {inpI:
242
()
ApmC_v\p Awdp_v\p Bkzv()hn\nv:

dkqepmlv() ]dp: (Fs BXvamhv Bcp
sS InemtWm, Ah Xs kXyw! Zpbmhv
\inpXnt\m AmlphnsbSpv hen
b A{Iaw Hcp kXyhnizmknsb h[npIsb
XmIpp) (\kmC)
Hcp a\pjys\ h[npXvt]mbnv Hcp a
\pjys\ t]SnsSpphmt\m, aphv t\
sc Hcp Bbp[w hsc ImWnpXv Amlp
hns aepIfpsS im]n\v hnt[bamIp
ImcyamsWmWv Ckvemans {]hmNI()
]TnnpXv. B lZokv \mw {inpI:
(
()

Ibpmbn: Xs ktlmZc\v t\sc Bscnepw
Hcp Bbp[w \opIbmsWn Xobmbpw ae
pI AXv Dt]npXv hsc Ahs\ i]n
243
pXmWv, B ktlmZc Xs Dbn \n

pw, ]nXmhn \npw DXmbncpmepw icn)
(apkvenw)
BXvalXy:
sFlnIamb PohnXw Amlp \apv
A\p{Klambn \InbXmWv. \psS B{Kl
{]Imca \mw amXmhns K`mibnse Hmtcm
Lfpw ]nnvsImv Cu temItv P\n
p hoWXv. \apv th apgph kuIcyfpw
\psS Bhiyw IqSmsX Xs Amlp ChnsS
Hcpnbnpv. AXpt]mse Xs Hcp\m
Amlphns Xocpam\a\pkcnv ChnsS \npw
thsd Hcp temItv \mw bm{Xbmhpw. CXv Xn
Ipw Amlphns Xocpam\n s]XmWv.
AXpsImv Xs \psS Xocpam\w IqSmsX
\mw ChnsSv hpshn ChnsS \nv Xncnv
t]mtI kabw Xocpam\nphm\p A[nIm
cw \apv Amlp \Inbnn. AXpsImv X
s Hcp a\pjy\pw BXvalXy sNphm ]mSp
X. ]ctemIv hfsc henb inbmWv
Amlp Acmv HcpnbnpXv. sFln
I PohnXw kpJ Zp:J kn{iamWv. Nnetm
Amlphns ]coWhpw, _pnappIfpw, {]
bmkfpw, tcmKfpw apw \apv A`napJoI
244
cntn htmw. B k`fn anp

Ibpw, Amlphn \nv {]Xnêw Imwnp
Ibpw sNpIsbXmWv Hcp apkvenan\v IcWo
bambnpXv. \n \nsf Xs \minte
v FncpsXv IqSn JpB a\pjysc
XmoXv sNppv.

(:( )

"Amlphns amKn \n sNehv sNp

I. (]nippw DZmko\Xbpw aqew) \nfpsS
ssIIsf \n Xs \min Xnfbcp
Xv. \n \Xv {]hnpI. \a sNph
sc Amlp CjvSs]SpI Xs sNpw' (A_
Jd:195).

:

)

( ( )

Ibpmbn: (Bscnepw Hcp aebn \ntm a
tm NmSnsmv kzw icocs h[npIbm
245
sWn Ah \cIn ]Xnhmbn aebn

\nv NmSnsmv icocs h[nv sImtbn
cnpXmWv. Bscnepw hnjw IpSnv sImm
Wv kzw icocs h[nsXn \cIobn
hnjw IgnvsImv \nXyambn kzw icoc
s h[nv sImtbncnpXmWv. Bscnepw
Bbp[w sImmWv kzw icocs h[np
sXn Ah \cIobn Bbp[ap]tbmKn
v sImv Xs hbdv Iodnsmv \nXyhmkn
AbncnpXmWv) (_pJmcn).

)
:

( ( )


Ibpmbn: (Bscnepw Igpv scnv sIm
mWv BXvalXy sNpsXn Ah \cI
n icocs Igpv scpn sImncn
pXmWv, Bscnepw Bbp[ap]tbmKnmWv
BXvalXy sNpsXn Ah \cIn
AXpt]mse sNbvXv sImncnpXmWv) (_p
Jmcn).
A\mYbpsS [\w A\lambn `pPnph:

klPohnItfmSv Zbbpw ImcpWyhpw Im
WnWsaXv Ckvemans \ntiamWv. AXv
246
sImv Xs kwcnphm Bfnmhsc

]cncntXv aphcpsS _m[yXbmWv, A
ns\ kwcnmw FtSps A\mYIfp
sS kv A\ymbambn XnpXpw, ssIem
pIbpw sNpIsbXv hfsc henb ]m]ambn
mWv Ckvemw ImWpXv. Ahv ]ctemIv
hn inbpsv Ckvemw ]Tnnpp.
Amlp ]dbpXv hnip IzpB\n \nv
{inpI:

( :( )
"Xobmbpw A\mYIfpsS kzpI A\ymb

ambn Xnph AhcpsS hbdpIfn Xnp
(\ndp)Xv Xo am{XamIpp. ]noSv Ah
\cIn InFcnbpXpamWv.' (\nkmAv:10)
:
)

( ( )

A_qlpdbvd() ]dbpp: \_n() ]dbpIbp

mbn: (Ggv h]m] \n shSnbpI, A
h tNmZnp, {]hmNIsc, Ah GsXmamWv?
]dp: Amlphn ]v tNpI, amcWw,
247
Amlp ]hn{Xamnb a\pjys\ AhImiw Iq

SmsX h[npI, ]eni XnpI, A\mYIfpsS
kzv XnpI, bpn \nv ]nXncntm
SpI, A{icpw ]Xn{hXIfpamb kXyhnizmkn
\nIsf kw_nvA]hmZw]dbpI) (_pJmcn).
Ccph:
Amlphns A\p{Klamb kv Ah
DtinpbmfpIv hnimeambn \IpI
bpw, Ah Dtinhv IpSpCPmpIbpw
sNpXmWv. Fm Bhiyn\v kv
e`nnpw ]nsbpw P\tfmSv Ccv \SpXv
Ckvemw hntcm[nnpv. AXv {]hmNI()
]dbpXv C{]ImcamIpp:

)

(( )....
lJoap_v\p lnkmw() ]dbpp: {]hmNI()

]dbpIbpmbn: (apIfnep ssIbmWv Xmsg
bp Int\m DaambnpXv) (_pJmcn)
Xs Bhiyn\v sFizcyapmbnpw
BfpItfmSv tNmZnpIbpw, CcpIbpw sNp
hv ]ctemIv e`np insb kw_
nv {]hmNI() ]dbpIbmWv:
248

( - ( )

ApmC_v\p akvDuZv() ]dbpp: {]hmNI

() ]dp: (Xs Bhiyn\p kp
mbncns P\tfmSv tNmZnph Ahkm
\ \mfn hcpXmWv, Ahs tNmZyw Ahs
apJn amnb(aqv ]Zn\pw Htc Aam
WpXv) cq]n ImWmhpXmWv. tNmZn
sp: {]hmNIsc, FmWv Bhiyn\pXv
FXvsImptinXv. ]dp: A]Xv Znl
apmhpI, Asn A{Xbpw kzWns
hnebpmhpI) (XnanZn)
( ( )

A_qlpdbvd() ]dbpp: {]hmNI() ]d

p: Bscnepw P\tfmSv AhcpsS kn
s\ Bn ImcWw tNmZnppshn Ah
tNmZnpXv \cInse XobmIpp, AXp
sImv Ah AXv IpdpItbm, IqpItbm
sNs) (apkvenw)
249
( ( )
Cwdm_v\p lpssk() ]dbpp: {]hmNI

() ]dbpIbpmbn: (k BfpItfmSv C
cpXv Ahs apJXv Hcp \yq\X Xs
bmbn XocpXmWv) (AlvaZv)
amdSnv hne]nph:
Cu temIv P\nh apgph\pw Hcp Znh
kw acnpXmWv, AXv FtmgmWv kw`hnp
IsbXv Amlphn\v am{Xsa AdnbpIbpq.
Amlp Xocpam\n kabpw k`fnepw
Fmbmepw acWw ]nSnIqSpI Xs sNp
XmWv. AXvsImv Xs Bscnepw acnpshv
IcpXn Fmw \spshv hnNmcnv Aeapdbn
v amdnepw apJnepw ASnpIbpw D]{Zhta
]npw Alknv IcbpXv Ckvemw hnenbp
pv. CshcpsS hntbmKmep Zp:Jw
a\pjy klNamWv, AXns\b ChnsS ]cma
inpXv, adnv Bscnepw acnv Ignm
amdSnv Aeapdbnv IcbpXns\ kw_n
mWv ]dbpXv. AXv Ckvemw hntcm[nXpw
ITn\ inv ]m{XamIpXpamWv.
250

( ( )

A_qamenIv AAivAcn()hn \nv, {]hmN

I() ]dbpIbpmbn: Fs kapZmbnep
\mev Imcy Pmlnenm ImepXmIp
p, Ah AXv Dt]npIbn. m\am\
sImv Alcn, tKm{X]ccsb B
t]n, \{XtfmSv ag tXS, amdnepw
apJpw ASnv sImv Aeapdbnv Icb F
nhbmWXv. Fnv Aeapdbnv Icbphsc
n ]dp: Ah acWn\v apv Xu_ sNbv
Xnsn ]ctemIv Ahsf Dbsgpt
]npw, AhfpsS icocn Sm sImp \o
hkv{Xhpw, Hcp Xcw tcmKw sImp ]Sb
nbpw DmIpXmWv) (apkvenw).
AgnmSp kv{XoI
kv{XoIv Ckvemw \Inb kpcnX
Xzhpw, m\fpw AhfpsS {]IrXnpw, A`n
am\n\pw \qdv iXam\hpw tbmPnXmWv. CXp
t]mse temIs Hcp aXn\pw {]Xymb im
251
kv{Xn\pw \Iphm km[yambnn. ]e aX

fpw, {]Xybimkv{Xfpw kv{Xosb ]msS Ah
KWnncnpIbmWv. Fm Ckvemw hfsc am
\yamb cq]nemWv kv{XoIv AhImi
fpw, DchmZnXzfpw, _m[yXIfpw \Inbn
pXv. CXv Bpw Xs {]amW Dcnv
sImv \ntj[nphm km[ya. Ans\bp
A`nam\ kwcWn s]XmWv Ah
am\yambn hkv{Xw [cnWsapXv. ImcWw
AhfpsS kucyw AhfpsS {]bmkfnepw
apw Xmpw XWepambn hnpsav \mem
fpsS apn Amlphns t]cn alvdv \In
smv Icm sNbvX Xs `mhn\v am{Xsa
shfnhmm\pw \Im\pw ]mSpq. Csn
_pnappIfpw {]bmkfpw kv{Xombncnpw
IqSpX A\p`hntn hcnI. AXvsImv X
s AhfpsS A`nam\ kwcWn\mbn \
cq]n hkv{Xw [cnWsav Ckvemw \nt
inpp. AXv AhKWnp kv{XoIv ]c
temIv AXnITn\amb insb A`napJoIcn
tn hcpsav Ckvemw ]Tnnppv.

()
252

(-: ( )
"(\_ntb,) \o kXyhnizmknItfmSv AhcpsS Zr

jvSnI Xmgvphm\pw, Kplymhbh Imp
kqnphm\pw ]dbpI. AXmWv Ahv Gsd
]cnipambnpXv. Xobmbpw Amlp Ah
\mIpp. kXyhnizmkn\nItfmSpw AhcpsS Zr
jvSnI Xmgvphm\pw AhcpsS Kplymhbh
Impkqnphm\pw, AhcpsS `wKnbn
\nv {]XyambsXmgnv asmpw shfnsSp
mXncnphm\pw \o ]dbpI. AhcpsS a\
I IpmbamdpIv aosX Ah Xmgvnbn
psIms. AhcpsS `mam, AhcpsS
]nXm, AhcpsS `Xr]nXm, AhcpsS ]p
{Xam, AhcpsS `Xr]p{Xam, AhcpsS k
tlmZcam, AhcpsS ktlmZc]p{Xam, Ah
cpsS ktlmZco ]p{Xam, apkvenwIfn \np
kv{XoI, AhcpsS hewssII DSasSp
253
nbh (ASnaI), ssewKnImkIvXn Dhc

m ]pcpjamcmb ]cnNmcI, kv{XoIfpsS
clky a\nemnbnnm IpnI F
nhscmgnv ampw XfpsS `wKn Ah sh
fnsSpcpXv. X adp shp XfpsS
Aemcw AdnbsSphm thn Ah ImenSn
pIbpw sNcpXv. kXyhnizmknItf, \nsf
mhcpw Amlphntev tJZnpaSpI. \n
hnPbw {]m]ntmw' (\q: 3031).
\n D]{ZhnsSmXncnphm\pw, Xncn
dnbphm\pambn \nfpsS apJ a\I amdnS
tv XmgvnbnSWsav IqSn kv{XoItfmSv
Ckvemw ]Tnnpp:
(:)
"\_ntb, \ns ]Xv\namtcmSpw ]p{XnamtcmSpw k

XyhnizmknIfpsS kv{XoItfmSpw Ah Xfp
sS aqSp]S XfpsSta XmgvnbnSm ]d
bpI: Ah XncndnbsSphm\pw, As\ Ah
ieyw sNsSmXncnphm\pw AXmWv G
hpw A\ptbmPyambXv. Amlp Gsd s]mdpp
h\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamIpp' (Alvkm_v:59).
254
CXv AwKoIcnmhcmb kv{XoIv

]ctemIv \Ip in Fmbncnpsav
Ckvemw ]Tnnpp.

(
()

Ibpmbn: (cv hn`mKw \cIhmknIfmIpp.
Hcp hn`mKamfpI AhcpsS ssIIfn ]iphn
s hmt]mse Nmhmdpv, AXvsImh P\
sf ASnpp, AXpt]mse Nne kv{XoI,
Ah hkv{Xw [cnnpv Fm Ah \
IfmWv, Nmpw sNcnpamWv Ah \Sp
Xv, AhcpsS XeI HIfpsS ]qt]mse
bmIpp, Cs\bph kzKn {]thin
pIbn, AXns ]cnafw t]mepw BkzZnm
Ignbn Ahv. kzKns ]cnafw C{X
bn{X hgnZqcw hsc FpXmWv) (apkvenw).
255

(...

()
Dpkeabn \nv, Ah ]dbpIbpmbn: (\

_n cm{Xnbn FgptvsImns\ ]dbpp
mbncpp; AmlphmsX Bcm[\l\m
bn amcpan, Cu cm{Xnbn GsXmw ^nXv\
IfmWv CdnbnpXv, Amlphns JP\mhn
\nv FsmamWv CdnbnpXv, BcmWv
({]hmNI()bpsS `mcyamcmb kv{XoIsf DW
pI, Zpbmhn hkv{Xw [cn F{X kv{Xo
IfmWv Ahkm\ \mfn \Ifmbn Xocp
Xv) (_pJmcn)
temIam\yw:
hnizmknI {]hnp apgph Im
cyfpw Amlphn \nv {]Xnêw e`nW
sa B{KltmsSbmbncnWw sNtXv.
Bscsbnepw ImWnphmt\m, t]cn\pw {]I
kvXnpw, temIam\yn\pw thntbm Bscn
epw Fsnepw {]hnm AXv ]ctemI
v \nivêambncnpw, AXn\v {]Xnêw e`n
nmsbv am{Xa, AXn\v inbmbncnpw e
`npI. AXvsImvXs {]hmNI() temI
am\yw ISv hcp apgph amKsfbpw Xncp
256
ta\n ASv Ifncnpp. {]hmNI() ]d

bpXv {inpI:
()
alvaqZv_v\p e_oZn \nv: dkqepmlv() sam

gnbpp: (\nfn Rm `bsSpXn G
hpw IqSpX `bsSpXv sNdnb inmIpp.
Ah tNmZnp: {]hmNIsc, FmWv sNdnb in
v? {]hmNI() ]dp: temIam\yamIp
p. P\fpsS {]h\v {]Xnêw \
InbXn\v tijw DX\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb
Amlp AhtcmSv ]ctemIv shv ]dbpw Zp
bmhn shv Bsc ImWnphm thnbm
tWm \n {]hnXv AhcpsS ASpvt]m
bn t\mq, AhcpsS ASpv \nv {]Xn^
ew ImWphm km[nptamsbv) (AlvaZv).
257

( )(

\Xmbn Rm tIpIbpmbn: (Ahkm
\mfn P\fn BZyw hnNmcW \SpI I
loZmb HcmsfbmWv. Atls sImvhcnI
bpw, Ah\v e`n A\p{Kls kw_nv Hm
sSppIbpw, Ah AXv kXnpIbpw
sNpw. Fnv tNmZnpw: \o AXvsImv Fm
Wv {]hnXv? ]dbpw: \n\vthn Rm I
loZmIpXvhsc bpw sNbvXp. Atm ]d
bpw: \o Ifhv ]dncnpp. Fm P\
[oc\msWv ]dbphmthnbmWv \o An
s\ sNbvXXv, As\ ]dbsnpv. ]ns A
hs\ apJw Ipnbh\mbn \cIntev hen
258
dnbphm I]npp. AXpt]mse asmcm,

Ah hnm\w t\Snbnpv, JpB ]mcmb
Ww sNbvXnpv, Ahs\ sImv hcpp, Ah\v
Amlp \Inb A\p{Kls kw_nv Hm
sSppIbpw, Ah\Xv AwKoIcnpIbpw
sNpp. ]dbpw: AXptJ\ \osbmWv {]h
nXv? Ah ]dbpw: Rm Adnhv ]Tnp,
]TnnpIbpw sNbvXp, \n\vthn JpB
]mcmbWw sNpIbpw sNbvXp, Atm ]dbpw:
\o Ifhv ]dncnpp. Fm \o ]TnXpw,
JpB ]mcmbWw sNbvXXpw P\ Ah
HmpImc\mWv Fv ]dbphm thnbmWv,
As\ ]dbsnpv. XpSv Ahs\ apJw
Ipnbh\mbn \cIntev hendnbphm I
]npp. AXpt]mse asmcm, Atln\v
Amlp hyXyamb kpI \Inbnp
v, Ahs\ sImv hcsSpw, Amlp Ah\v \
Inb A\p{Kls kw_nv t_m[ysSp
pIbpw, Ah\Xv kXnpIbpw sNpw, AXv
sImv \osbmWv {]hnsXv tNmZn
sSpw Ah, Ah ]dbpw: \o CsSp Hcp
amKhpw AXn \n\vthn NnehgnmsX
Rm Dt]nnn, \o IfhmWv ]dnpXv,
Fm P\ Ah Hcp HuZmcyhm\msWv
]dbphm thnbmWv \o Ans\ sNbvXv, A
259
Xv ]dbsnpv. ]ns Ahs\ apJw Ipn

bh\mbn \cIntev hendnbphm I]n
pp.) (apkvenw).
BfpIsf ImWnphm\pw, temIam\yn
\pw, t]cn\pw {]ikvXnpw thn \akvIcnp
hv ]ctemIv hnizmknI Amlphn\v
thn kpPqZv sNp k`n AhXn
\v km[npIbn. AXpt]mse temIam\yn\v
thn {]hn Hcp {]h\n\pw {]Xn^
ew e`npIbn Xs.

( ( )
A_ukCuZv()hn \nv: {]hmNI() ]d

bpXmbn Rm tIpIbpmbn: (\psS
cnXmhv Xs IWm shfnhmp Znhkw
Fm hnizmknIfpw, hnizmkn\nIfpw Ah\v th
n kpPqZv sNpp, Zpbmhn shv temIam
\yn\pw, P\nSbn {]ikvXnpw th
n kpPqZv sNbvXh Ahtijnpp, Ah
kpPqZv sNm t]mIpsanepw AhcpsS apXpIv
hfphm km[nmsX t\sc \npw (Ah
v kpPqZv sNm km[npIbn) (_pJmcn).
260
_nZvAv sNph:
Ckvemw kqWamWv, AXn \nv h
Xpw \ow sNphmt\m, AXntev hXpw Iqn
tNphmt\m Bpw Xs A[nImcan, A
Xv Amlphns Xocpam\amWv. AXvsImv X
s {]hmNI() GsXmw Imcy \apv
Adnbnv Xnptm, AXv AtXcq]n Aw
KoIcn Hmtcm apkvenansbpw \namb
_m[yXbmWv. AXvsImv Xs aXns Im
cyn Bscnepw hXpw Iqn tNpIbm
sWn AXv XstSXmsWv Ckvemw ]
Tnnpp. AXv AhKWnvsImv Bscnepw
h ]pXpXmb Imcyfpw IqntNpIbmsW
n AXn\v Ckveman m\an. Ans\ Zo
\n ]pXpXmbn Dmp ImcymWv _n
ZvAv Fp ]dbpXv. Fm _nZvApIfpw
hgntISpw, apgph hgntISpIfpsSbpw ]cyhkm
\w \cIntepamsWmWv Ckvemw ]Tnn
pXv. AXvsImv Xs _nZvApI sNp
hv ]ctemIv inbpv, B inv]p
dsa Amlphnsbpw aepIfpsSbpw im]w D
mbncnptXmsSmw lufp IuYdn \nv
XSbsSpIbpw sNpsav Ckvemw ]Tnnp
p. GXm\pw Nne lZokpI {inpI:
261

) :
) : (

( ( )

Bbni()bn \nv \nthZ\w.. Ah ]dp:

\_n() ]dncnpp: (\psS Cmcyn
AXnenm Hv Bscnepw ]pXpXmbpmn
bm AXv \ncmIcnstSXmWv.) (_pJmcn)
(\mw I]nXm h Ihpw Bscnepw
sNbvXm AXv XstSXmWv) FmWv ap
kvenans dntmn DXv.

(( )...

Pm_n()hn \nv, {]hmNI() Xs {]kw

Kns Bcw`n Cs\ ]dbmdpmbncp
p: (Amlphns\ kvXpXnpIbpw, Atls
Alamb cq]n ]pIgvXpIbpw sNpw. ti
jw Cs\ ]dbpw: Bscsbnepw Amlp k
mKnemnbm Ah hgn]ngn, Bsc
sbnepw hgntISnemnbm Ah\v kmKhpw
262
e`nn, Ghpw kXyambnp ham\w

Amlphns {Ks kw_np h
am\amWv, Fhpw \ amKw aplZv\_nbpsS
amKamIpp, Imcyfn Ghpw tamiambnp
Xv AXn ]pXpXmbpmpXmIpp, ]pXp
XmbpmnbsXmw _nZvApIfmWv, Fm
_nZvApIfpw hgntISmWv, Fm hgntISpIfpw
\cInemIpp ) (\kmC).

(( ) ...
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv, dkqepmlv() ]d

bpIbpmbn: (aZo\ ]hn{XamWv, Bscnepw A
hnsS h ]p\mNmchpw DmpItbm, As
n Ans\bphv A`bw \IpItbm
sNbvXm Ahs ta Amlphnsbpw, ae
pIfpsSbpw, apgph P\fpsSbpw im]w D
mbncnpXmWv, Ah\n \nv Ahkm\ \m
fn ^fpw kppamb I kzoIcn
sSpIbn) (_pJmcn, apkvenw)
aXn ]pXpXmbn Dmp I
F{Xam{Xw òIcamsWv \mw {inpI. Ah
263
v {]hmNI()bpsS lufp IuY IpSnp

hm\pw km[ya. Xncpta\n ]Tnnpp:
...

(

()
kAv_v\p kAZv()hn \nv: {]hmNI()

]dbpXmbn Rm tIpIbpmbn: (Rm
\mWv BZyambn lufnsbSptv FpXv,
Bscnepw AXnsbSptv hm AXn
\nv IpSnpXmWv, Bscnepw AXn \nv
IpSnm Ah\v Hcnepw ZmlnpIbn, Hcp
kaqlw FsbSptv hcpw, Ahsc Rm
Adnbpw, Ah Fsbpw AdnbpXmWv, Fm
F\npw AhpanSbn adbnSsSpXm
Wv \_n ]dbpw: Ah Fn s]hcmW
tm? Atm ]dbsSpw: Xmv tijw Ah
FsmamWv ]pXpXmbpmnsXv \n\dn
bn, Atm Rm ]dbpw: F\nv tijw amn
adnh hnZqcXbntev t]mhpI, hnZqcXbnte
v t]mhpI) (_pJmcn)
264
Amlp kwkmcnm hn`mKw:

a\pjy\v e`np ]mc{XnI A\p{Kl
fn alXzcambnpXmWv Ahs {kmhv X
tmSv kwkmcnpIsbXv. Fm Cu A\p
{Kln \nv XSbsSp Nne hn`mKfp
v. Ah sNp ]m] GsXmamsWv
AXn s]vt]mImXncnphm\mbn \mw a\knem
tXpv. Ahbn NneXv Xmsg hnhcns:
Amlp Cdnb thZ{Ksbpw, AXnep
bmYmysbpw adv shpIbpw, XpOamb
hnev AXns\ hnpIbpw sNphsc
(-: ( )

"Amlp AhXcnn, thZ{Knep Imcy

adpshpIbpw, AXnp hnebmbn Xp
NvOamb t\ t\SnsbSppIbpw sNph
cmtcm Ah XfpsS hbdpIfn Xnp \ndp
Xv \cImKv\nbmsX asmpa. Dbnsgp
t]ns \mfn Amlp AhtcmSv kwkmcn
pItbm (]m]fn \nv) Ahsc kwipcm
265
pItbm sNpIbn. Ahv thZ\tbdnb in

bpmbncnpIbpw sNpw. kamKn\p
]Icw ZpamKhpw, ]m]tamN\n\p ]Icw in
bpw hmnbhcmIpp Ah. \cIin A
\p`hnpXn Ahssmcp abmWv!'
(A_Jd:174,175)

(: ( )
"AmlpthmSp Icmdpw kzw i]Yfpw Xp

NvOhnebvv hnphcmtcm Ahv ]ctem
In bmsXmcp Hmlcnbpan. Dbnsgpt
]ns \mfn Amlp AhtcmSv kwkmcnp
Itbm, AhcpsS t\v (ImcpWy]qw) t\m
pItbm sNpX. Ah Ahv hnipn
\IpXpa. Ahv thZ\tbdnb inbp
mbncnpXpamWv.' (BepCwdm:77)

( ( )

266

p: (aqv hn`mKamfpItfmSv Ahkm\\mfn
Amlp kwkmcnpItbm, Ahsc t\mpI
tbm, Ahsc kwkvIcnpItbm C, Ahv
thZ\tbdnb inbpapv Ahv. ]dp:
CXv \_n() aqv {]mhiyw BhnpI
bpmbn. A_qZcvdv ]dp: (Ah \inhcpw,
\mcpamWv. {]hmNIsc, Ah BcmIpp.
]dp: scnbmWnv Xmsg hkv{Xw henng
ph, Zm\w \InbXv FSpv ]dbph,
I kXyw aptJ\ Xs km[\ hngnp
h FnhcmIpp Ah) (_pJmcn).

( )
(

Ibpmbn: (aqv hn`mKamfpItfmSv Amlp
kwkmcnpItbm, Ahsc t\mpItbm, Ahsc
ipoIcnpItbm sNn, AXpt]mse Ah
267
v thZ\tbdnb inbpapv. Ah hgnbm{X

mcs\ sXmv Bhiyne[nIap Pen
\npw XSbph, Zpbmhn\vthn Hcm a
smcmv ss_Av sNpp Ah Dtin
pXv \IpIbmsWn Ah B Icm
]qoIcnpIbpw, \Inbnsn Ah ]q
nbmmXncnpIbpw sNph, Hcm a
smcmfpsS Ncn\vthn hne t]ipIbpw Fn
v Akdntijw Amlphns\ sImv kXyw
sNpIbpw Cbn hnev \Ism Ah
\Xv FSppIbpwsNph) (_pJmcn, XnanZn)
( )

A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv; dkqepmlv() ]d

p: (aqv hn`mKamfpItfmSv Amlp ]ctemI
v kwkmcnpItbm, Ahsc kwkvcnpI
tbm, Ahsc t\mpItbm sNn, Ahv th
Z\tbdnb inbpapv. Ah hnhmlw Ign
hy`nNmcn, I\mb cmPmhv, Almcnbmb Zcn
{Z) (apkvenw)
268

):

( ( )
ApmC_v\p Awdv_v\p Bkzv() ]dp:

dkqepmlv() ]dp: (aqv hn`mKamfpItfm
Sv Amlp Ahkm\ \mfn kwkmcnpIbn,
Ah amXm]nXmtfmSv A\pkcWtSv ImWn
ph, ]pcpjthjn \Sp kv{XoI,
kzw kwcWnep kv{XoIsf aph
v ImgvN shph. aqv hn`mKamfpI kz
Kn {]thinpIbn, amXm]nXmtfmSv A
\pkcWtSv ImWnph, aZy]m\w ]Xnhm
nbh, \InbXv FSpp ]dbph Fn
hcmWh) (\kmC, AlvaZv)

):

( )
( ( )

Ibpmbn: (`mcybpambn KpZssaYp\w \Sp
hs\ DX\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb Amlp t\m
pIbn) (\kmC)
269
)

( ( )
C_v\p Da()hn \nv, dkqepmlv() ]dbp

Ibpmbn: (AlmctmsS hkv{Xw \neng
hs\ Amlp Ahkm\ \mfn t\mpIbn)
(apkvenw)
Fmw \jvSsh:
]ctemIv Hcphn`mKamfpI sImvhc
sSpXmWv. Ah IrXyambn \akvIcnpI
bpw, kImv \IpIbpw, t\m\pnpIbpw,
kI sNpIbpw sNbvXnpv, ]t,
AsXmpw Xs Ahv D]ImcsSpIbn,
Ah ]mcmbhcmWv. ImcWw Ah aph
sc No]dnpv, Ak`yw ]dnpv, sI
nNav ]dnpv, A\ycpsS apX A\ymbam
bn A]lcnnpv, cw Nnnbnpv AXn\m
Xs AhcpsS kI Ahv ho
Xw shpIbpw, Fnpw Xonmsbn Ah
cpsS ]m] Chv hoXnv \IpIbpw sN
pp. Ans\ Ah ]mcmbn Xocpp. AXn
s\ kw_nv \psS {]hmNI() ]dbp
Xv {inv tIq.
270

( ( )
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv, {]hmNI() ]d

p: (BcmWv ]mcmbh Fv \nv Adn
bptam? Ah ]dp: Rfn ZnlapIfpw,
Bhiyn\v hn`hfpw CmhcmWv Fv
Ah ]dp. Fm dkqepmlv() ]d
Xv Fs kapZmbnse ]mcmbh Ahkm\
\mfn \akvImcw, t\mv kmv Fnhbp
ambn Hcphn`mKw hcpw, Fm Ah C hy
nsb hgv ]dnpv, Chs\ kw_nv
CmXv ]dnpv, Chs kv Xnn
pv, Chs cw Nnnbnpv, Chs\
ASnnpv Cs\bphsms Ahs \
I hoXnv \IpXmWv, Fnv ]cn]q
Wambn hn[n \SnempXn\v apv Ahs \
I Xovt]mbm AhcpsS ]m] Ch\n
tev tNpXmWv, Ans\ \cIntev
Ahs\ hensdnbpXpamWv) (apkvenw).
271
apJofpsS AhkvY:
Amlphns ASnaIfn Hcp hn`mKw {]
bmkclnXhpw, Zp:Jnmhcpambncnpw. Ah
cmWv Amlphns \nba bYm cq]
n ]menpIbpw, AXn\\pkcnv PohnpI
bpw sNbvXh. aph Zp:JnpIbpw, {]bmk
neIsSpIbpw sNptm Ch ktmj
`cnXcmbncnpw, ImcWw Ah Cs\sbmcp
PohnXw hcm\pv, AXvsImv Xs B Znhkw
hspXn\v apv AXn\vthn Amlphn
s\ A\pkcnvsImv HcpnbhcmWh. X
fpsS _kJnbmb PohnXn \nv ]ctemI
tv Dbsgpt]nsSptm Xs
]ca ImcpWnI\pw IcpWmhmcn[nbpamb ]SX
pcms amemJam Ahsc kzmKXw sNpI
bpw, ]ctemItv B\bnpIbpw sNp
XmWv. Ahv ktmjhm AdnbnpI
bpw sNpXmWv. AXns\ kw_nmWv Izp
B ]dbpXv:

)
)*(
)*(

(-: ( )

272
"Xobmbpw \psS ] \np apt \a

e`nhcmtcm Ah AXn (\cIn) \nv
AIn\nsSphcmIpp. AXns t\cnb
i_vZw t]mepw Ah tIpIbn. XfpsS
a\pIv CjvSs kpJm\p`hfn Ah
\nXyhmknIfmbncnpw. Ghpw henb B kw`
hw Ahv ZpxJapmpIbn. \nv hm
KvZm\w sNsncp \nfptSXmb Znhkam
WnXv Fv ]dv sImv aepI Ahsc
kzmKXw sNpXmWv.' (A_nbmAv:101103)

()
)

(:( )

"Fs Zmkamtc, Cv \nv bmsXmcp `b

hpan. \n ZpxJntXpan. \psS ZrjvSm
fn hnizknpIbpw Iogvs]p Pohnp
hcmbncnpIbpw sNbvXhcs{X (\n)' (kp
Jpdp^v::68,69)

()
)
( )

(:( )
"inpI: Xobmbpw Amlphns an{X

fmtcm Ahv bmsXmcp `bhpan. Ah ZpxJn
tn hcnIbpan. hnizknpIbpw kqvaX
273
]menp sImncnpIbpw sNphcs{X Ah

AhmWv sFlnIPohnXnepw ]ctemI
pw ktmjhmbpXv. Amlphns h
N\v bmsXmcp amhpan. AXp (ktmj
hm) XsbmWv almb `mKyw' (bq\pkv
:62 64).
Amlphns XW e`nph:
]ctemIv apgph a\pjyscbpw Hcpanv
Iqp Znhkw, kqcy hfsc ASpmbncnpw,
Ans\bp k`n Amlphns al
mb A\p{Klns `mKambn NnebmfpI
v Amlp XW \IpXmWv. B Znhkw
Ahs XWemsX amcpsSbpw XW e`nm
kàmWv. BbXn\m Amlphns XW
e`np hn`mKn DsSphm \mw ]c
amh[n {intXmWv. Ans\bp Nne hn
`mKamfpIsf \_n() \s ]cnNbsSppp
v. Nne DZmlcW am{Xw ImWpI:
274

()

Ibpmbn: (Amlphns XWem thsd
Hcp XWepw e`nm Znhkw Ggv hn`mKamfpI
v Ahs XW hncnv sImSppXmWv.
Ah \oXnam\mb `cWm[nImcn, Xs cnXm
hns\ Bcm[nph\mbn hfv h bphmhv,
]nbpambn a\kv _nns a\pjy,
Amlphn\v thn HcpanpIbpw Ah\vthn
Xs th]ncnbpIbpw sNbvX cmfpI, Ipeo
\bpw kucyhXnbpamb Hcp kv{Xo hy`nNmc
n\v Wnnv Rm Amlphns\ `bsSp
pshv ]dv AXn \npw ]namdph,
heXv ssI NnehgnpXv CSXv ssIt]mepw A
dnbm cq]n Zm\[w sNbvXnv AXv ad
v shh, GImambn Amlphns\ Hmv
IpIfn \nv Iv\o s]mgnh) (_p
Jmcn)

)

(

()
275

Ibpmbn: (Xobmbpw Amlp ]dbpw: Fs
alXzw sImv ]ckv]cw kvt\lnh FhnsS
bmWv? Fs XWemsX shsd bmsXmcp XW
epw e`nm Ct Znhkw Ahv Fs X
W Rm \IpXmWv) (apkvenw)

(

()

Ibpmbn: (Bscnepw Hcp {]bmka\p`hnp
hs {]bmkw \opItbm, hnimeX \Ip
Itbm sNbvXm Ah\v ]ctemIv Amlp
hns XWemsX asmcp XWepw e`nm k
`n Ahs knwlmk\ns XW \
IpXmWv) (apkvenw)
(( )

ApmC_v\p klvev_v\p lpss\^v() Xs

]nXmhn \npw ]dbpp: dkqepmlv () ]d
bpIbpmbn: (Amlphns amKn XymK
276
]cn{iaw sNphs\ Bscnepw klmbnm,

Asn sImSpvhom Ignbmhs ISw
Dt]nm, Asn ASnasb tamNnnphm
\p Icmdn klmbnm Amlp Ahs X
WemsX BcpsSbpw XW e`nm k`
n XW\In BZcnpXmWv) (AlaZv).
tIm]w HXpnshph:
tIm]w hcptm anpIsbXv DZm
amb kz`mhn s]XmWv. AXvsImv X
s asb kZvKpWn\v Ckveman henb
m\amWpXv. Ans\ tIm]w hcptm
abhew_nphv ]ctemIv hfsc h
enb m\amWv Amlp \IpI. Hcn {]
hmNIsbSpv hv Hcm ]dbpIbpmbn:
Av Fs Hv D]tZinmepw. {]hmNI()
]dXv: \o tIm]ncpXv. CtX Imcyw Xs
aqv {]mhiyw BhnpIbpmbn. CXv C
kveman ap m\sbmWv hyam
pXv.

( ( )
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv, dkqepmlv()bpsS

ASpv hv Hcm ]dp: Fs D]tZinm
277
epw. \_n ]dbpIbpmbn: \o tIm]ncpXv. C

Xv hopw hopw Bhnp, Atmgpw ]d
Xv \o tIm]ncpXv) (_pJmcn).

( )

( :( )

"\nfpsS cnXmhn \np ]m]tamN\

hpw, BImi`qanItfmfw hnimeamb kzKhpw
t\SnsbSpm \n [rXnsv aptdpI. [
\njvT]menphpthn Hcpnshs
Xs{X AXv. (AXmbXv) ktmjmhkvYbnepw
hnjamhkvYbnepw Zm\[ sNpIbpw,
tIm]w HXpnshpIbpw, a\pjyv amp
\IpIbpw sNphv thn. (Acw)
kIImcnIsf Amlp kvt\lnpp.'
(BepCwdm: 133,134)
_mv sImSpph:
\akvImcn\v Ckvemanep m\w ap
kveosf ]ddnbnt Bhiyantm. B
\akvImcntev P\sf Wnp hnfn
bmfamWtm _mv. _mv sImSppIsbXv
hfsc ]pWyapXpw, {]Xnêmlhpamb I
amWv. ]ecpw ]pOtmsS ImWp Hcp Imcyam
278
Wv _mv sImSppIsbXv. Fm ]ctemI

v Hcp]mSv {]tXyIXpw, ]pWyn\pw \nan
amIp IamWv _mv sImSppIsbXv. A
Xn\p m\w {]hmNI() hniZoIcnp
Xv \mw {inpI:
( ( )

Xzv_v\p blvbm() Xs Ffmbn \n

pw Dcnpp. Rm apBhn:C_v\p A_q
kp^vbms ASpncnpIbmbncpp, B ka
bw \akvImcntev Wnphm\mbn _mv
smSppbm hcnIbpmbn. Atm apB
hn: ]dp: {]hmNI() ]dbpXmbn Rm
tInpv: (Ahkm\ \mfn _mMvsmSpp
hcpsS Igpv Ghpw \ofw IqSnbXmbncn
pw) (apkvenw).
279

( ( )
Apm\p_v\p Apmlv C_v\p Apd

m\p_v\p A_q kzlvkzlv A Akmcn()
Xs ]nXmhn \nv: A_qkCuZvA JpZvcn
AtltmSv ]dbpIbpmbn: Xmv BSp
Isfbpw, XmgvhcItfbpw IqSpX CamsWv
Rm a\knempp, Xm BSpItfmsSmw
XmgvhcbnemIptm \akvImcn\v thn _m
v hnfnpI, _mn\v thn Xm iw Db
pI. _mMvmcs iw tIp a\pjy
cpw PnpIfpw, hkvXpfpw ]ctemIv Ah\v
kmnIfmImXncnn. A_qkCuZv ]dbpIbp
mbn: CXv Rm {]hmNI()bn \nv tI
XmIpp) (_pJmcn)
Cs\ {]tXyIw m\fpw, ]ZhnI
fpw, {]Xnêhpw e`np Hcp]mSv hn`mKamfp
Ifpv. ssZLyw `bXn\m Fmw hniZoI
cnphm B{Klnpn.
i^mAv:
P\sf apgph\pw ]ctemIv alvidn
Hcpanv IqpXmWv. AhcpsS {]bmkIcamb
\ndpw \ov t]mIptm AXns {]bmk
280
n \npw, _pnapn \npw, `bm\IXbn

\npw csSm\mbn AhcpsS cnXmhn
sbSpv ip]mi ]dbphm Ahv tXmn
nv sImSppp. apISXpw, hcm t]mIp
Xpamb Fm]m]fpw s]dps Ahkm\
{]hmNI \psS \_n aplZv()bntev Im
cyw Fpcq]n ZrVa\kvIcmb {]hmN
Im t]mepw ip]mi ]dbpXn \npw Hgn
v amdpp. ]ucmWnIcpw, ]nKmanIfpw Ah
km\ {]hmNI\v thn {]mn kvXpXyl
amb kYm\v \nIpp, \_nbpsS almb
kYm\hpw, DX ]Zhnbpw AhnsS {]ISamhp
p, Ans\ Amlphns Ajn\v Xmsg kp
PqZv sNpIbpw Amlp tXmnnv sImSpp
Xkv_nlpIfw, XlveoepIfpw, XlvaoZpIfpw,
XIv_ndpIfpw hjtfmfw sNmnbXn\v ti
jw krnImbn Ah AIs _pnapn
\npw, a\:tin \npw csSphm\mbn
ip]mi ]dbphm Amlp A\phmZw \Ip
p. lZokn C{]Imcw \apv ImWmhp
XmWv.
...
281

...

( ( )
ApmC_v\pDa()hn\nv: {]hmNI()
]dbpp: ( ]ctemIv sNhnbpsS ]IpXn h
sc hnbn appXv cq]n kqcy ASp
vhcpp, Ah Ans\ \ns BZw()
t\mSv klmbw tNmZnpp, ]noSv C{_mloan
t\mSpw() ]ns aqkm() tbmSpw XpSv Cu
km() t\mSpw tijw aplZv()tbmSpw ip]m
i ]dbphm\mbn BhiysSpp. ApmC_v
\p kzmenlv ]dbpp: Ans\ Xncpta\n krn
InSbn hn[nI]nphm thn ip]m
i \Spp, Xncpta\n hmXnens hIn ]nSn
pXv hsc \Spp, Ans\ Fm P\
fpw Xncpta\nv thn {]mnncp kXpXy
lamb kYm\tv Amlp Atls \n
tbmKnpp) (_pJmcn)
CXv aplZv()v am{Xw {]tXyIamb
henb i^mAmIpp, thtdbpw i^mAp
I aplZv()pv. AXn s]Xv :
282
1 kzKmhIminIv kzKn {]thinn

phm\mbn aplZv() sNp i^mAv,
{]hmNI() ]dbpp:

: :

( ( )
A\kv_v\p amenIv()hn \nv \nthZ\w, At

lw ]dbpp: Xncpta\n()]dp: (kzKn
s hmXn Rm hcnIbpw AXv Xpdphm
thn BhiysSpIbpw sNpp. Atm
ImhImc tNmZnpp \o BcmIpp? \_n
()]dbpp (Rm aplZmIpp), ImhImc
]dbpp \n\v Xpdp Xcphm thn
Rm I]nsncnpp, \n\v apv am
pw Rm I]nsnn) (apkvenw)
2 \cIn {]thinthsc AXn {]th
innmXncnphm\p i^mAv,
:
)
(( )

A\kv_v\pamenIv {]hmNI()bn \nv, \

_n() ]dp: (Fs kapZmbnse h tZm
283
jnIpXmWv Fs i^mAv) (A_qZm

hqZv).
3 kzKmhIminIv kzKnep ]Zhn
Dbphm thn sNp i^mAv.

...)

(( )...
\_n()]dp: (Amlpth, A_qkeav \o

s]mdpv sImSptWta, kmKnIfmbhcpsS
Iqn Atlns ]Zhn \o DbtW
ta) (apkvenw)
4 Hcp hnNmcWbpw, inbpw IqSmsX kzK
n {]thinphsc AXn {]thinnp
hm thnbp i^mAv.
Dmi_v\p aplvkn()s lZokv (Fgp
]Xn\mbncw BfpI HcphnNmcWbpw, inbpw
IqSmsX kzKn {]thinpp:

(( ) ... ... )
\_n(){]mnp: (Amlpth \o Atls

Ahcn DsSptWta) (_pJmcn , apkvenw)
5 \cIn {]thin h tZmjnIfmbhsc
AXn \npw tamNnnphm thn sNp
i^mAv. AXn\p sXfnhv
284
:
)
(( )

A\kv_v\pamenIv {]hmNI()n \nv, dkq

epmlv() ]dp: (Fs kapZmbnse
htZmjnIpXmWv Fs
i^mAv)
(A_qZmhqZv).
:

( ( )

Cwdm\p_v\p lpssk\nbv()hn \nv, \_n()

]dp: (aplZv \_n()bpsS i^mAv
sImv Hcp hn`mKw \cIn \nv ]pdv IS
pIbpw tijw Ah kzKn {]thinp
Ibpw sNpp, Ahsc Planq Fv hnfn
pp) (_pJmcn)
6 in eLqIcnphm AlXshp
thn sNp i^mAv, Xs ]nXrhy A
_qXzmen_n\v sNpXv t]mse. AXn\p sX
fnhv:
285
)

:

( ( )
A_qkCuZv AJpZvcn()hn \nv, {]hmNI

()bn \nv tIp, Xncpta\ntbmSv Ffmsb
(A_qXzmen_v) kw_nv ]dbsp. Atm
Xncpta\n() ]dbpIbpmbn: (]ctemIv Nn
etm Fs ip]mi Atln\v D]Icnt
mw, Ans\ \cInse apIfntev sRcnbm
Wnhsc aqSp cq]n sImvhcppshn
epw Ahs Xetmdv AXvsImv Xnfpadnbp
XmIpp) (_pJmcn,apkvenw)
i^mAns \n-_\I
i^mAn\v A[nImcw e`n aplZv
\_n()v t]mepw Xm CsSphv ip
]mi ]dbphm\pw, \Iphm\pap A[nImcan
. adnv Amlp A\paXn \Iptm,
Amlp ]dbphv ip]mi ]dbphm am
{Xsa A[nImcapmbncnpIbpq. Fn ap
hv Fns\bmWv AXn\p A[nImcw e
`npIsbv \mw NnnpI. Cu hnipJp
286
B hfsc hyambn a\pjysc ]Tnnpp

v. JpB ]dbpXv t\mpI:
1 ip]mi sNphs\bpw, sNsSphs\
bpw Amlp Xr]vXnsSWw.
2 ip]mi sNph\v ip]mi sNm
Amlphns A\phmZw e`npI.
(:) ( )
(Ah Xr]vXns]h\msX Ah ip]mi sN

pIbn) (A_nbm: 28)

(:) ( )
(AhsbSp Ahs A\paXn{]ImcamsX

ip]mi \Sphm Bcpv) (A_Jd: 255)
Fns\ e`npw?
Amlphns A\paXntbmsS \_n() \
Sp ip]mibn DsSphm FmWv sN
tXv Fv {]hmNI() Xs \s ]Tn
nnpv. AXv hniZamp XncphN\w \mw
hmbnpI:
287

( ( )
Pm_ndp_v\p Apmlv() \nv; dkqepmlv

() ]dbpIbpmbn: (Bscnepw _mv tI
p Ahkcn Cs\ ]dbpIbmsWn
Cu ]cn]qWamb hnfnbpsSbpw, \nlnp
hm t]mIp \akvImcnsbpw DSa\mb
Amlpsh, aplZn\v \o hkoebpw, ^foebpw
\tIWta, \o hmKvZw \Inb kvXpXy
lamb m\w Atln\v \tIWta ]c
temIv Fs ip]mi Ah\v e`npXmWv)
(_pJmcn)

( ( )
A_qlpdbvd() ]dbpp: Rm {]hmNI()

tbmSv tNmZnpIbpmbn: ({]hmNIsc, Ahkm
\ \mfn AbpsS ip]miv Alcmbn
Xocp ku`mKyhmam BcmWv?, Atm d
288
kqepmlv() ]dbpIbpmbn: Atbm A_q

lpdbvd(), lZokv ]TnpXn Xmp
Bthiw ImcWm Cu Imcys kw_n
v FtmSv Xmv apv Bcpw tNmZnpIbn
msbv Rm hnNmcnncpp. Ahkm\\mfn
Fs ip]miv ku`mKyhmamcmbn XocpXv
AmlphmsX Bcm[\l\mbn Bcpans
v \njvIfambn a\kvsImtm, lrZbw sIm
tm ]dbphcmWv) (_pJmcn)
hnNmcWbpw, {]Xnêw \Iepw:

apgph a\pjyscbpw ]S Xpcm Ah
s apn Hcpanv IqpIbpw, Ah sNbvX
{]h\fpw, ]d Imcyfpsamw Ah
sc t_m[ysSppIbpw, Ah AXwKoIcnp
Ibpw sNpw. AXntijw Ahsc hnNmcWv
FSppp. hnNmcW FfpapXpw, {]bmkap
Xpw Dmbncnpw. NneXv BZchn\pw, ap
NneXv t]SnsSpm\pap hnNmcWbpmbncn
pw. a\pjy apgph\pw AmlphntemWv aS
w, Ah\mWv a\pjysc hnNmcW sNpXv.
JpB ]dbpXv ImWpI:

(-:( ( )) )
289
"Xobmbpw \psS ASptmWv AhcpsS

aSw. ]noSv, Xobmbpw \psS _m[yX
bmWv AhcpsS hnNmcW.' (Kzminbx:25,26)
hnNmcWbpsS Ah JpB hnhcn
pXv t\mpI:

)

( : ( )
"`qan AXns cnXmhns {]`sImv {]Imin

pIbpw sNpw (IfpsS) tcJshsSp
Ibpw {]hmNIamcpw kmnIfpw sImvhc
sSpIbpw P\nSbn kXy{]Imcw hn[n
sSpIbpw sNpw. AhtcmSv A\oXn ImWn
sSpIbn' (kpa:69)
\oXntbmsS hn[n \Snemph\mWv
Amlp, B k`n BtcmSpw A\oXn
ImWnpIbn. ]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWmhmcn
[nbpamb ]S Xpcm Ah\v tbmPnp cq
]n AhnsS lmPdmhpIbpw, aepIfpw k
nlvZcmhpIbpw sNpp. AXns\ kw_nv
IzpB ]dbpp:
)

(: ( )
"taLtaemn Amlphpw aepIfpw Ahcp

sSbSpv hcpIbpw, Imcyw Xocpam\n sSpI
290
bpw sNpXv am{XamtWm Ah Imncnp

Xv? Fm Imcysfmw Amlphnte
mIpp aSsSpXv.' (A_Jd:210)
aepI sImv hcp a\pjycpsS I
tcJI, AXn bmsXmpw hnvt]mhpItbm,
sNmXv tcJsSppItbm sNn. Fmw
hfsc IrXyambncnpw. AXmWv JpB \s
]TnnpXv.

( : ( )
"(IfpsS) tcJ shsSpw. Atm Ip

hmfnIsf, AXnepXns\n `bhnlzecmb \n
ebn \n\v ImWmw. Ah ]dbpw: Atm! R
v \miw. CsXsmcp tcJbmWv? sNdptXm
heptXm Bb Hpw Xs AXv IrXyambn tcJ
sSpmsX hnpIfbpntm! X {]h
nsXms (tcJbn) \nehnepXmbn Ah
Ispw. \ns cnXmhv bmsXmcmtfmSpw
A\oXn ImWnpIbn.' (AIAv^v:49)
Cu kabw Amlp temItv ]d
bnp {]hmNIam hcpIbpw, Ahcn G
]nncp DchmZnXzs kw_nv tNmZn
pIbpw, Ah AXn\p adp]Sn ]dbpIbpw
291
sNpXmWv. Cu cwKw hnkvabnnp cwKw

XsbmWv. CXn \nv csh\v am{XamWv
ku`mKyw e`npXv. hfsc eLphmb hnNmc
Wbpw, ImTn\yw \nd hnNmcWbpapv. Bb
Xn\m Xs \psS dnt\mSv {]bmkclnX
amb hnNmcWbn \s DsSpphm\mbn
\mw \nccw {]mntXpv. \_n \s
]TnnpXv t\mpI:

( ) :/) - ( )
Bbnim() ]dp: \_n Xs Nne \akvImc

fn Cs\ ]dbpXmbn Rm tIpI
bpmbn: Amlpsh, \o Fs Ffpap hn
NmcW sNtWta, Ans\ {]hmNI hncan
tm Rm tNmZnp: FmWv Ffpap
hnNmcW? \_n() ]dp: Ahs tcJIfn
t\mpIbpw, ]noSv hnvhogvN \IpIbpw sN
pXmWv. Bbnim, At Znhkw hnNmcW k
abv BtcmSmWv N sNpXv Fn A
h \inXp Xs. hnizmknsb _m[np hn
292
]pI aptJ\ Ahs ]mm] DX\pw

{]Xm]hm\pamb Amlp s]mdpv sImSpp
\p, Ahs Imen Xdp Hcp apv aptJ
)t]mepw) (AlvaZv
hnNmcWbnmh:
)hnNmcW \Sp thfbn aplZv(
bpsS kapZmbn Fgp]Xn\mbncamfpI hn
NmcW IqSmsX kzKn {]thinpXmWv.
Ah FpsImmWv AXn\lcmbsXv \mw
a\knempI. {]hmNI() AXmWv Xmsg
hcp lZokn \s ]TnnpXv.

( )(

293
C_v\p Amkv() ]dp: \_n() ]dbpp:

F\nv kapZmbsf {]ZinnsSpIbpm
bn, Hmtcm \_namcpsS IqsSbpw kapZmbw \Sv
t]mIpp. Hcp \_nbpsS IqsS Hcm, asmcp \
_nbpsS IqsS ]mfpI, thsdsbmcp \_nbp
sS IqsS AmfpI, Hcp {]hmNI() Hv
t]mIpp, Rm t\mptm [mcmfw Idpv
ImWpIbpmbn. Atm Pn_vcoent\mSv Rm
tNmZnp: Ch Fs kapZmbamtWm? Atlw
]dp: A. Fm \o apIfntev t\mpI,
Atm Rm t\mn; AtmgXm hnimeam I
dpv Rm ImWpp. ]dp: AhcmWv \ns
kapZmbw, AhcpsS apnep Fgp]Xn\mbncam
fpI Ahv hnNmcWbpw, inbpan. A
tm Rm tNmZnp: FpsImmWv? Pn_vco
]dp: Ah NqSv shmhpw, a{nm
BhiysSmhcpw, iIp\w t\mmhcpam
Wv. Ah AhcpsS cnXmhn `cta]np
hcmWv. Atm Dmi_v\p apAvkzn Fgpt
vsImv {]hmNIt\mSv Atls AXn D
sSpphm\mbn {]mnphm Bhiysp.
Atm Xncpta\n {]mnp: Amlpsh, At
ls Ahcn DsSptWta. ]noSv asm
cm Fgptv ]dbpIbpmbn: Fsbpw Ah
cn DsSpphm\mbn Xm {]mnmepw.
294
{]hmNI() ]dp: Xmsf Dmi apIS

ncnpp) (_pJmcn)
BZyw hnNmcWv hnt[bamIph:

Ahkm\ \mfn BZyw hnNmcWv hnt[
bampXv Ahkm\ kapZmbamb aplZv
()bpsS kapZmbamIpp. {]hmNI()bpsS
kapZmbn\v Amlp \Inb almb Hcp
A\p{KlamIpp AXv. \_n() ]dbpIbmWv:

( ( )
A_qpss()hn
\nv;
{]hmNI()
]dbp IbmWv: (\mw ]nKmanIfmWv, Ahkm\
\mfn apISphcpamWv) (_pJmcn)
( ( )
lpssZ^()hn \nv: dkqepmlv() ]dbpI

bmWv: (\psS apKmanIsf PpapA: Znhkn
295
\npw hgnsXnpIbpmbn, PqXmv I

\nbmgvNbpw, ss{IkvXhv RmbdmgvNbpw.
Amlp \s sImphcnIbpw shnbmgvNbn
tev amKw ImWnpIbpw sNbvXp. Ans\
shn, i\n, Rmb Fns\bmpIbpm
bn. A{]Imcw Xs Ahkm\ \mfn Ah \
s ]nXpSv hcphcmWv. \mw Zpbmhn
Ahkm\ kapZmbamsWnepw Ahkm\ \mfn
Fmhtcmfpw apv hnNmcWsNsSp
BZy kaqlambncnpw) (apkvenw).
tNmZyw sNsSp Imcy

]ctemIv shv P\ hyXyamb
Imcysf kw_nv tNmZyw sNsSpXm
Wv. AXn s]XmWv Ah BscbmWv Bcm[n
ncpsXv AhtcmSv tNmZnpw. AXpt]mse
A\p{Klambn e`n Zpbhnbmb PohnXs
Fns\ D]tbmKnp, A\p{Klsf Fns\
hn\ntbmKnp, sNbvX IcmdpIsf kw_npw,
tIhn, ImgvN, BtcmKyw XpSnbhsb kw_
nsmw Hmtcm a\pjycpw ]ctemIv tNmZn
sSpXmWv.
Bcm[ysc kw_\v[nv:
a\pjy Bcm[nncp Bcm[ysc kw_
npw, Ah \nv h D]ImcD]{Zh
296
sNbvXpthmsbpw ]ctemIv shv tNmZn

sSpXmWv. AXmWv Xmsg hcp Bbn
Amlp \s ]TnnpXv.

)

( :( )
"\mw Ahsc apgph HcpanpIqpIbpw, ]noSv

_lpssZhmcm[ItcmSv \n P]nv sImn
cp \nfpsS hIbmbp B ]mfnI Fhn
sSsbv \mw tNmZnpIbpw sNp Znhkw
(HmpI. )' (ABw:22)

(:( )
"Atm Amlphns t]cn Iw sInabv

pItbm, Ahs sXfnhpIsf \ntj[npXp
Itbm sNbvXht\m ISp A{Ian Bcpv?
(Amlphns) tcJbn Xv \nivNbnn
p Hmlcn Acmp e`npXmWv. A
hkm\w Ahsc acnnphm\mbn \psS ZqX
am (aepI) AhcpsS ASpv sNptm
Ah ]dbpw: Amlphn\v ]pdsa \n hnfnv
{]mXvYnv sImncphscms FhnsS? Ah
297
]dbpw: Ahscms Rsf hnpt]mbnf

p. X kXy\ntj[nIfmbncppshv A
hsXncmbn Ah Xs kmyw hlnpI
bpw sNpw' (AAvdm^v:37).
( ) )
(:( )

"AhtcmSv tNmZnsSpIbpw sNpw: \n

Bcm[nncpsXmw FhnsStmbn? Amlphn
\p ]pdsa. Ah \nsf klmbnpItbm, kz
bw klmbw t\SpItbm sNpptm?' (ipA
dmAv:92,93)

(: ( )
"Ah (Amlp) Ahsc hnfnpIbpw, Fs

]pIm Fv \n P]nncph FhnsS?
Fv tNmZnpIbpw sNp Znhkw ({it
bas{X.)' (Jkkv:62)
sNbvX {]h\sf Ipdnv:

a\pjy ]ctemItp IrjnbnSam
b Zpbmhn shv FmWv {]hnXv F
Xns\ kw_npw, Ahs kv, BtcmKyw,
icocw Fnhsb kw_nv tNmZyw sNsSp
XmWv.
298
(-:( ( )) )
"Fm \ns cnXmhns\sbmW, Ah

sc apgph \mw tNmZyw sNpI Xs sNpw.
Ah {]hnv sImncpXns\ kw_nv.'
(lnPvdv:92,93)
( )

( ( )

A_q_km A Akvean()hn \nv,dkqep

mlv() ]dbpIbmWv; (Ahkm\ \mfn Hcmfp
sSbpw Im]mZ aptmv Nennphm B
pw km[ya, Ahs Bbpv Fns\ Nne
hgnp, Ahs hnm\w sImv Ah Fv
sNbvXp, Ahs [\w FhnsS \nv kmZnp,
Fn\v thn Nnehgnp, Ahs icocw Fn
\vthn D]tbmKnp Fnhsb kw_nv
tNmZyw sNsSmsX) (XnanZn)
A\p{Klsf Ipdnv:
Cu Zpbmhn Fv A\p{Kl e`n
mepw AXns\ kw_nv ]ctemIv Hmtcm a
\pjycpw tNmZyw sNsSpw. Xm IpSn ]m\o
299
bw, Ign `Ww, A\p`hn A\p{Kl, h

kv{Xw, ]mnSw, hml\w, BkzmZ\w Fpth
apgph Imcysf kw_npw tNmZyw sN
sSpXmWv. JpB ]dbpXv t\mpI:
( )( :

"]noSv B Znhkn kpJm\p`hsf ]n

Xobmbpw \n tNmZyw sNsSpIXs
)sNpw' (XImYp:8
hnkvabIcamb Hcp kw`hw {inpI:
300

( ( )

A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv: dkqepmlv() Hcp

Znhkw hon \npw Cdnbtm A_q_
dns\bpw Dadns\bpw ImWm\nSbmbn. Xncpta\n
AhtcmSmbn tNmZnp: Cu kabv \nsf \n
fpsS hon \nv ]pdndnbsXmWv. A
h cvt]cpw ]dbpIbpmbn: hnimWv
Amlphns {]hmNIsc, ]dp: Fs BXv
amhv BcpsS InemtWm Ah XsbmW k
Xyw! \nsf ]pdndnb kXnbmsX a
smpa Fsbpw hon \nv ]pdndnb
Xv. \n FgptpI, AtltmsSmw
Ah Fgptp. Ans\ Ah AkmcnIfn
s] Hcp hynbpsS hontev t]mbn, Fm
Atlw AhnsS Dmbncn. Atln
s `mcy Chsc Itm kzmKXacpfpIbpm
bn. Atm dkqepmlv() Chyn FhnsS
sbv tNmZnp. Ah ]dp: Rv IpSn
shw sImphcm t]mbXmWv. Ans\ A
tlw hcpIbpw {]hmNIs\bpw cv IqpImc
s\bpw Itm ]dp: Amlphn\mWv kv
XpXnIfJnehpw, Fs AXnYnItfm Da
cmb Hcp AXnYntbbpw Hcmfpw Cv kzoIcnn
301
n. ]dp: Atlw AhnsS \npw t]mbn

(ImcbpsS hyXy C\fmb) _pkvdpw,
Xwdpw, dpXz_pw sImvhv ]dp: CXn \n
v `ntmfq, tijw Hcp InsbSpp. A
tm dkqepmlv() ]dp: ]m Npcp
BSns\ \o AdpcpXv. Ans\ Ahv th
n BSns\ AdppIbpw, Ah Bndnbpw,
Cughpw `npIbpw, shw IpSnpI
bpw sNbvXp. AhcpsS hnipw Zmlhpw Xo
tm dkqepmlv A_q_dnt\mSpw, Dadnt\m
Spw ]dp: Fs BXvamhv BcpsS InemtWm
Ah XsbmW kXyw! Ahkm\ \mfn Cu
A\p{Kls kw_nv \n tNmZyw sN
sSphcmIpp. hnimWv \nsf \nfpsS
hon \npw ]pdndnbXv, ]ns Cu A\p
{Klw \nv e`nnmsX \n hontev
aSpn) (apkvenw)
\mw NnnpI! temIw I Ghpw D
Xcmb aqv hynXzfmWv hniv klnm
IgnbmsX hon \nndpXv. Ans\ Hcm
hniv iannphm\p `Ww \IpIbpw
AXv Ignv hniSnbtm Xncpta\n Ahtcm
Sv ]dbpXv Cu A\p{Kls kw_nv ]c
temIv \n tNmZyw sNsSpsamWv. A
302
ns\sbn Amlp \apv \Inb F{Xsb

{X A\p{Klsf kw_nv Amlphn\v \
tmSv tNmZnm\pmIpw. AXn\m Amlphn
t\mSv adp]Sn ]dbphm kcmIpI.
IcmdpI
kmaqlyambn Pohnp cq]nemWv a
\pjysc Amlp Cu temItv ]dbXv,
AXvsImv Xs ]ckv]cw klmbnpw, klI
cnpw Pohntnhcpw a\pjy\v. AXn\nSv a
\pjy ]ckv]cw IcmdntestSn hcpw. A
ns\bp k`fn Icm ]mentXpw,
AXv ]cn]qWambn ]qoIcntXpw a\p
jycpsS _m[yXbmWv. ImcWw acWn\v tij
ap ]ctemIv Ans\bp IcmdpIsf kw
_nv Xobmbpw tNmZyw sNsSpXmWv
Fv JpB a\pjy kaqls ]Tnnpp.
AsXmv hmbnpI:

(

)
( :)
"X ]nncnv t]mIpIbnsv apv Ah

AmlpthmSv
DSSn
sNbvXnpmbncpp.
Amlphns DSSn tNmZyw sNsSpXmWv.'
(Alvkm_v:15)
303

( :) ( )
"\n Icm \ndthpI. Xobmbpw Icmdns\

n tNmZyw sNsSpXmWv.' (CkvdmAv:34)
tIhn, ImgvN, lrZbw:

a\pjyicocw hfscb[nIw koWamWv,
Fsmw ImcyfmWv AXn kwhn[m\nncn
pXv. Ans\bp icocw Amlphns A
\p{Klw XsbmWv, AXn\m B A\p{Kl]q
Wamb icocs kw_npw, AXnse A\p
{Klfmb tIhn, ImgvN, lrZbw XpSnb Hm
tcm A\p{Klsf kw_npw ]ctemIv
tNmZyw sNsSpXmWv. AXn\m Amlphn
s \nba \nti\pkcnv am{Xsa B
A\p{Kl \mw D]tbmKsSpphm ]mSp
qshv \mw a\knempI. AXmWv Amlp
\s t_m[ysSppXv.
)

(: ( )
"\n\v Adnhnm bmsXmcp Imcynsbpw

]nmse \o t]mIcpXv. Xobmbpw tIhn, Im
gvN, lrZbw Fnhsbnsbmw tNmZyw sN
sSpXmWv' (CkvdmAv:36).
304
( )

( ( )

A_q_km A Akvean()hn \nv,dkqep

mlv() ]dbpIbmWv; (Ahkm\ \mfn Hcmfp
sSbpw Im]mZ aptmv Nennphm B
pw km[ya, Ahs Bbpv Fns\ Nne
hgnp, Ahs hnm\w sImv Ah Fv
sNbvXp, Ahs [\w FhnsS \nv kmZnp,
Fn\v thn Nnehgnp, Ahs icocw Fn
\vthn D]tbmKnp Fnhsb kw_nv
tNmZyw sNsSmsX) (XnanZn)
hnNmcWv BZyambn hnt[bamIp Iw:

]ctemIv a\pjytcmSv IfpsS Iq
n BZyambn tNmZyw sNpXv \akvImc
s kw_nmbncnpw. AXv hfsc IrXyam
sWn ]ctemIs ap Imcy apgph
\pw Ah\v FfpapXmbncnpXmWv, \akv
Imcns Imcyw tamiamb cq]nemWv D
sXn tijw A`napJoIcnphm\p apgph
Imcyfpw hfscb[nIw _pnapmbncnpw.
305

( ( )
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv: dkqepmlv

() samgnp: (Ahkm\ \mfn ASna BZyam
bn tNmZyw sNsSpXv Ahs \akvImcs
kw_nmWv, AXv ]cn]qWamb cq]n
ImWsSpIbmsWn Ah\v ]cn]qW {]Xn
êw tcJsSppXmWv, AXn \nv hXpw
Ipdvt]mhpIbmsWn ]dbsSpw: \n
amb \akvImcn hogvN hcpnbXn\v ]I
cambn ]qnbmm\mbn Ah\v sFOnIamb
hXpw Dtmsbv t\mpho Fv ]dbp
XmWv. AXn\\pkcnmbncnpw apgph I
fpw ISvt]mIpXv) (\kmC)

(( )...
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv, dkqepmlv() ]d

bpXmbn Rm tIpIbpmbn: (Xs \a
kvImcns Imcyambncnpw ASna BZyambn
306
tNmZyw sNsSpI, AXv \mbm Ah hnP

bnpIbpw, csSpIbpw sNbvXp, AXv tami
ambm Ah \mc\pw, ]cmPbsh\pam
bn XocpXpamWv ) (\kmC)

( ( )

Apmlv()hn \nv: dkqepmlv() ]dbp

IbmWv; ASna BZyambn tNmZyw sNsSpXv
\akvImcns ImcyamWv, P\nSbn
BZyambn \Sp hn[n cns Imcyn
epXmIpp.) (\kmC).
tcJI hnXcWw \Spp:

a\pjy Cu temIv {]hn apgph
Imcyfpw hfsc hyambn tcJsSpp
XmWv. acWn\v tijw Ah {]hn apgp
h Imcyfpw ASnbnp I tcJ Ah
\v km\npXmWv. AXn bmsXmpw hnv
t]mhpItbm, sNmXv tcJsSppItbm sN
n, Fmw hfsc IrXyambn tcJsSppXm
Wv. hnizmknIv heXv Inepw, kXy\ntj[n
Iv CSXv InepamWv tcJ \IpI. heXv I
n BmtWm tcJ e`npXv Ah hnP
bnp, BmtWm CSXv In e`npXv A
307
h Xocm \nepambncnpw AIsSpI. Hm

tcmcpcpsSbpw {]h\fpsS {]Xnêw
e`nphm\mbn Ahsc WnpIbpw, AhcpsS
{]h\v kmnbmbn I tcJI
\IpIbpw sNpp.

( )

(-: ( )
"(Av) Fm kapZmbsfbpw appIpnb \n

ebn \o ImWpXmWv. Hmtcm kapZmbhpw A
Xns tcJbntev hnfnsSpw. \n {]h
np sImncpXn\v Cv \nv {]Xn^
ew \IsSpXmWv. (Fv AhtcmSv ]dbs
SpIbpw sNpw.) CXm \psS tcJ.\nsXn
cmbn AXv kXyw Xpdp]dbpXmWv. Xobm
bpw \n {]hnp sImncnpsXmw
\mw FgpXnppmbncpp.' (PmYnb:28 29)
\ns {]h\fpsS hnhc tcJ
sSpnb ItcJ \o Xs hmbnpIsbv
]dv \IpXns\ kw_nv JpB ]d
bpXv Hv {inq.

(*)
(-:( )

308
Hmtcm a\pjypw Ahs iIp\w Ahs Igp

n Xs \mw _nncnpp Dbnsgp
t]ns \mfn Hcp {Kw \mahv thn
]pdsSppXmWv. AXv \nhnshs
Xmbn Ah Ispw. \o \ns {Kw hmbn
pt\mpI. \ns kw_nnStmfw IWv
t\mm Cv \o Xs aXn. (Fv Aht\mSv
Av ]dbsSpw)' (CkvdmAv:13 14)
Cu tcJbn Hpw Xs hnv t]mhpIbn
, Fmw hfsc IrXyambn sNdpXpw, hepXpamb
apgph Imcyfpw bmsXmcp A{Iahpw IqSmsX
tcJsSpsSpXmWv. Amlp ]dbpp:

( : ( )
"(IfpsS) tcJ shsSpw. Atm Ip

hmfnIsf, AXnepXns\n `bhnlzecmb \n
ebn \n\v ImWmw. Ah ]dbpw: Atm! R
v \miw. CsXsmcp tcJbmWv? sNdptXm
heptXm Bb Hpw Xs AXv IrXyambn tcJ
sSpmsX hnpIfbpntm! X {]h
nsXms (tcJbn) \nehnepXmbn Ah
Ispw. \ns cnXmhv bmsXmcmtfmSpw
A\oXn ImWnpIbn.' (IAv^v:49)
309

( )

)

(-: ( )
(Fm heXp In Xs tcJ \Ish,

CXm Fs {Kw hmbnnt\mq( Xobmbpw
Rm hnNmcnncpp, Rm hnNmcWsb t\cntS

n hcpsav, AXn\m Ah Xr]XnIcamb
PohnXnemIpp) (lmJvJ:( 19 21)

( )
)

(-:( )
(Fm CSXp In Xs tcJ \Ish
\mIs C{]Imcw ]dbpXmWv, lm,! Fs {K

w F\np \IsSmXncpn, Fs hn
NmcW FmWv Rm AdnbmXncpsn
(F{X \mbncpp) (lmJvJ:25 26)
Hmtcm hn`mKnsbpw tcJIsf kw_
nv ]dbpIbmWv:

()
() )

( )
(
( )
(-:)
"\nwibw; ZpamKnIfpsS tcJ kno\n X

sbmbncnpw. kno Fm FmsWv
\n\dnbmtam? FgpXs Hcp {KamIpp A
Xv. At Znhkw \ntj[np XphmIp
310
p \miw. AXmbXv {]Xnê \S]SnbpsS Znhk

s \ntj[np Xphv.' (apY^vô: 7(11)

()
( )
)

(-:( )
()
"\nwibw; ]pWyhmamcpsS tcJ Cnq\n

Xsbmbncnpw. Cnq Fm FmsW
v \n\dnbptam? FgpXs Hcp tcJbs{X A
Xv. kmao]yw knnh AXns ASp kn
lnXcmIpXmWv.' (apY^vô: 18(21)

)

(: ( )
"`qan AXns cnXmhns {]`sImv {]Imin

pIbpw sNpw (IfpsS) tcJshsSp
Ibpw {]hmNIamcpw kmnIfpw sImv hc
sSpIbpw P\nSbn kXy{]Imcw hn[n
sSpIbpw sNpw. AhtcmSv A\oXn ImWn
sSpIbn' (kpa:69).
311
) (

( ( )
Bbnim()]dbpp: Rm \cIsIpdnv Hm
pIbpmbn, Ans\ Ah Icp, Atm
{]hmNI() tNmZnp: FmWv \ns Ic
bnnXv? Ah ]dp: Rm \cIs Hm
tm Icpt]mbXmWv, Ahkm\ \mfn
IpSpw_ ]ckv]cw Hmptam? Xncpta\n ]d
p: Fm aqv k`fn Hcmfpw asm
cmsf kw_nv HmpIbn, AXv Xpemkn
sbSpv shv AXv L\w Ipdbptam AtXm
L\w IqSptam Fv AdnbpXv hscbpw, {Kw
\Ipthf Cs\ ]dbp k`n C
Xm Fs {Kw hmbnnt\mq Fv ]dbs
Sp k`n Xs {Kw heXv Icntem,
CSXv Icntem, AXsn ]nneqsSbmtWm
e`npIsbv AdnbsSpXvhscbpw, \cIn
\v apIfn ]mew \mptm B ]mensb
Sppshpw(HmpIbn)) (A_qZmhqZv).
BcpsS I tcJbmtWm heXv In e
`npXv Ah\v Ffpap hnNmcWbmbncn
pw t\cntSn hcnI, Fm BcpsS Itc
312
JbmtWm apXpIn\v ]pdIneqsS e`npXv Ah

\v hfsc {]bmkIcamb hnNmcWtb t\cnSpI
bpw, \cIn ]XnpIbpw sNtn hcp
XmWv. AXmWv Amlp JpB\n \s ]Tnn
pXv.

()
( )
)

( )

( )

( )
(-:( )
"Fm (]ctemIv) GsXmcphv Xs tcJ

heXpssIn \Ispthm, Ah eLphm
b hnNmcWbvv (am{Xw) hnt[b\mIpXmWv.
Ah Ahs kzmcpsS ASptv kp
jvS\mbnsmv Xncnpt]mIpIbpw sNpw. F
m GsXmcph\v Xs tcJ Ahs apXpIn
s ]nneqsS sImSpspthm Ah \mita
Fv \nehnfnpIbpw, Bfnp \cImKv\n
bn ISv FcnbpIbpw sNpw' (CinJmJv:7 12).
kXyhnizmknI AhcpsS tcJ hmnb
Xn\v tijw Amlp Ahsc sNdnb cq]n
hnNmcW sNpIbpw AhcpsS ]m] Ah
v s]mdpp sImSppIbpw sNbvXXn\v tijw
AhcpsS XnI ambvv IfbpIbpw \bpsS
tcJ Ahv \IpIbpw sNpw. AXns\ kw
_nv dkqepmlv() ]dbpXv {inq.
313

(( )...

kz^vhm_v\p aplvcnkn amkn\n()hn \n

v; Rm C_v\p Dadns ssI ]nSnv \Sv sIm
ncns Hcm hv ]dbpIbpmbn, Amlp
X s ASnabpambn kw`mjWw \SpXns\
kw_nv FmWv Xm dkqepmlv()bn
\nv tIXv? Atmgtlw ]dbpIbpmbn:
dkqepmlv() ]dbpXmbn Rm tIp; hn
izmknbpsS ASptv Amlp ASppIbpw,
Ahs adsImv hnizmknsb adv sImv ]d
bpw: C ]m]w \o Adnbptam? Cu ]m]s \o
Adnbptam? Atm Ah ]dbpw: Fs cn
Xmsh AsX, Adnbpw, Ans\ Ahs ]m]
sf Ah\v t_m[ysSpnsmSppXv hsc C
s\ t]mIpp. Ans\ Ah hnNmcnpw
Rm \inXv Xssbv, Amlp ]dbpp: Zp
314
bmhn shv AXns\sbmw Rm adv If

ncpp, Fm Ct Znhkw AsXmw Rm
\n\v s]mdpv Xcpp, Ans\ Atl
ns \bpsS {Kw Ah\v \Ipp, )
(_pJmcn)
Xpemkv:
Xpemkv kXyhpw AXn hnizkn \n
hpamIpp, Xs ASnaIfpsS {]h\
sf XqnIWmn AXn\\pkcnv {]Xn^
ew \Iphm thn ]ctemIv Amlp \m
pXpw, cv Xpw, kqNnbpap bYm Xpem
kpamIpp AXv. AXn {]h\ Xqp
p, AXsn {]h\fpsS tcJItfm,
{]h\ Xstbm Xqpp. AXn F
mhcpw XqsSpp, Fm AXn L\w Xq
pXv {]hn BfpsStbm, tcJbpsStbm
L\a adnv {]h\fpsSXmIpp.

( :( )
(Dbtgpt]ns \mfn \oXn]qWamb
XpempI \mw kYm]npXmWv, Atm

HcmtfmSpw Hpw A\oXn ImWnsSpIbn, A
Xv (Iw) Hcp ISpIp aWnqapXmWn
315
epw, \maXv sImphcpXmWv IWv t\mp

hm \mw Xs aXn) (A_nbm: 48)

)*(
)

(
(-:)
(As Znhkw(I) Xqn IWmp
Xv kXyambncnpw, Btm BcpsS XpempI

L\w Xqntbm AhcmWv hnPbnI ,, Bcp
sS XpempI L\w Ipdpthm AhcmWv B
Xva\w t\cnh, \psS ZrmfpsS t\sc
Ah A\ymbw ssIsImXns êat{X A
Xv) (AAvdm^v: 8,9)

(( )...

\_n() ]dp: (ipn hnizmkns ]IpXn

bmhpp, AmlphnmIpp k kXpXnbpw
FpXv Xpemkv \ndpXpamIpp) (apkv
enw)
) :
( ( )
316
\_n() ]dp: (Jnbmav \mfn shp

Xpemn BImi `qanIsf Xqnbmepw AXv
hnimeambncnpw) (lmInw)
( ( )

A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv; \_n() ]dbpIbp

mbn: (cv ]Z \mhn\v hfsc eLphmWv,
Fm Xpemkn L\w XqpXmWv, ]caIm
cpWnI\v {]nbsXpamWv. (DX\mb Amlp
F{Xtbm ]cnip\mIpp, Amlp ]cnip\m
Wv Ah\mWv kvXpXnI) (_pJmcn)

( ( )
A_qamenIv A Aicnbn() \nv;dkqepm

lv() ]dbpIbpmbn: (ipn Cuam\ns ]Ip
XnbmWv, Amlphn\mWv kvXpXnIfJnehpw
FXv Xpemkv \ndpXmWv, Amlp ]cnip
317
, Amlphn\mWv kkvXpXnbpw Ch c
pw Xpemkns\, Asn AXv BImi `qanI
nSbnepXns\ \ndpXmWv, \akvImcw
{]ImiamWv, Zm\[w sXfnhmWv, a shfn
amWv, JpB \n\tm, AXsn \n\s
Xntcm kmnbmbncnpw, Fm a\pjycpw {]`m
Xn t]mbn Xs BXvamhns\ hn]\ \S
pp AXn Nne AXns\ csSppI
tbm AXsn ap Nne AXns\ hn]n
eIsSppItbm sNpp) (apkvenw)
FmWv XqpI?
]ctemIv \msSp Xpemkn Fm
Wv XqpI, GsXmw ImcymWv AXn
`mcw XqpI Fo Imcy Hmtcm apkvenapw
AdnncntXmWv. Xpemkn Isfbm
Wv XqpI, AXpt]mse a\pjyscbpw Xqpsa
v ]nXm Xmsg hcp lZokns\ ASn
m\amn A`n{]mbsSpp. Fm Cu Xp
emkn L\w XqpXns am\Zw Ahs
{]h\amIpp. AXmbXv {]hmNI() ]Tn
n coXnb\pkcnv BcmtWm I sNbv
XXv Ahs Iv am{Xsa L\apmhp
Ibpq, AmhcpsS Iv Amlp
318
Hcp hnebpw, L\hpw \IpX. Hcp lZokv

{inpI:

)

( ( )
)
A_qlpdbvd() ]dbpp; {]hmNI()bn

]dp: Ahkm\ \mfn XSnamS\mb Hcmsf
sImphcpXmWv, Fm AmlphnsbSp
v Hcp sImXpIns Xqw t]mepw Ah\p
mbncnpIbn, Fnv ]dp: \n Cu
Bbv ]mcmbWw sNpI: (AXn\m \mw A
hv Dbnsgpt]ns \mfn bmsXmcp
Xqhpw \ne\npIbn) (_pJmcn).
sFlnIPohnXn Bscnepw Amlp
hns {]oXn e`nm\mbn Hcp ]Zw ]dnps
n t]mepw AXh\v Xs Xpemkn L\w Xq
pXmbn ImWm\mhpw.
( ( )


mbn: (cv ]Z \mhn\v hfsc eLphmWv,
Fm Xpemkn L\w XqpXmWv, ]caIm
319
cpWnI\ntev {]nbsXpamWv. (DX\mb

Amlp F{Xtbm ]cnip\mIpp, Amlp
]cnip\mWv Ah\mWv kvXpXnI) (_pJmcn)

(( )

A_qZmAv()hn \nv; {]hmNI() ]d

p: kkz`mhsm Xpemkn L\w
Xqp asmpan) (A_qZmhqZv)

( ( )

dkqepmlv()bpsS auebn \nv: Xobm

bpw \_n ]dbpIbpmbn: hfsc {][m\s
Imcyw, hfsc {][m\s Imcyw (Ad_n `mj
bnse Hcp {]tbmKamWnXv) Av Imcys
m Xpemkn L\w Xqp asmpan,
Ah AmlphmsX Bcm[\l\mbn am
cpan, AmlphmWv Ghpw henbh, Amlp
]cnip\mIpp, Amlphn\mWv kkvXpXn
bpw, kXvhr\mb km\w Ahs ]nXmhv
320
Ah\n (X\nvthn {]mnpsav) {]Xo

bnvsImv acWsSpI). hfsc {][m\s
Imcyw, hfsc {][m\s Imcyw Av Imcy
n ZrVambn hnizknv sImv Bscnepw
Amlphns\ IpappIbmsWn Ah kz
Kn {]thinpXmWv. Amlphnepw, A
hkm\\mfnepw, kzKnepw, \cInepw, ac
Wn\v tijap ]p\PohnXnepw hnNmc
Wbnepw hnizknpI) (AlaZv).

( ( )

Dp aqkm()bn \nv: Ah ]dp: Aen

]d bpXmbn Rm tIp: (C_v\p akvDuZnt\m
Sv \_n Hcp acn \nv Hcp sImv sImph
cm I]ntm Atlw acn Ibdn. A
tm \_nbpsS kzlm_nI ApmC_v\p
akvDuZv acn Ibdnb Ahkcn Atl
ns IWmentev t\mpIbpmbn, At
lns IWmens saenhpw, sNdphpw I
tm Ah Nncnpt]mbn. Atm dkqep
321
mlv() ]dbpIbpmbn: Fn\mWv \n

NncnpXv? Apmlvv()hns Imen\v Ah
km\ \mfn Xpemkn DlvZnt\m L\ap
mbncnpXmWv) (AlvaZv).
IqSpX `mctadnbXv:
]ctemIv \mp Xpemkn Xqptm
Ghpw `mcapXv GXv {]h\amsWv
IrXyambpw Hmtcm apkvenapw ]TnncntXp
v. temItv \ntbmKnXcmb apgph {]hmN
Iamcpw {]t_m[\w sNbvXnp XuloZns
BWnmb kXykmy hN\amIpp. AXm
Wv Ckvemans {]hmNI apkveosf ]Tnn
npXv. AsXmv \mw {inpI:

( ( )

ApmC_v\p Awdv_v\p Bkzv() ]dbpp;

dkqepmlv() ]dbpIbpmbn: Ahkm\ \m
322
fn Xpemkv \mpp, Ans\ AXn Hcmsf

sImv hcpIbpw Atls Hcp Xn shp
p, AXpt]mse Atlns {]h\
fpsS IWpw shpp, Ans\ Atls
bpw sImv AXv Nmbpp, ]dp: Ans\ A
tls \cIntev \ntbmKnpp, ]d
p: Atlsbpw sImv s]mIptm ]ca
ImcpWnI\n \np Hcm hnfnv ]dbpp:
Atls A{]Imcw sNcpXv, Atls A
{]Imcw sNcpXv. Xobmbpw Ah\v Hcp Im
cyw Ahtijnppv. Ans\ Hcp ImUv
sImv hcpp, AXn AmlphmsX Bcm[
\l\mbn amcpanmsbXmWv DXv. A
ns\ AtltmsSmw B ImUv XqpI
bpw Ans\ Xpemkns B Xv XmgpIbpw sN
pp) (AlaZv).
323
( ( )

ApmC_v\p Awdv_v\p Bkzvv() ]dbpp;

dkqepmlv() ]dbpIbpmbn: (Xobmbpw
DX\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb Amlp Ahkm\
\mfn Fs kapZmbn s] Hcmsf krn
Iv apn shv hnfnpp, XpSv Ah\v
sXmqnH]Xv henb {K \Ipp, Hm
tcm {Kfpw Ism Zqctmfw Dmbn
cnpw, Fnv Aht\mSv tNmZnpw: CXn \nv
\o hXpw \ntj[nppthm? Fmw IrXyambn
tcJsSpp Fs FgppIm \ntmSv h
A{Iahpw ImWnpptm? Ah ]dbpw: Fs
cnXmsh, C. Aht\mSv tNmZnpw: \n\v h
HgnhvIgnhpaptm? AXsn h \bpap
tm? Atmgh t]Snpp. Fnh ]d
bpw: Fs cnXmsh, C. Ans\ Amlp
]dbpw: Ans\sbn \psS ASpv \n\v
Hcp \bpv, Ct Znhkw \n\v bmsXmcp A
\oXnbpapmhn. Ans\ Ah\v Hcp ImUv
]pdvsImv hcpp, AXn Amlphm
324
sX Bcm[\l\mbn amcpanspw, Xo
bmbpw aplZv Ahs ASnabpw, ZqX\pamIp
pshv Rm kmyw hlnpp F hm
Iyw DmIpw. Ah tNmZnpw: Fs cnXm
sh, FmWv Cu ImUn\v Cu henb {K
v apnep hne? ]dbsSpw: \o A\oXnv
hnt[bamhn. ]dp: B {K apgph\pw
Hcp XnenSpp, ]dp: Atm B {K
L\w Ipdbpp. B ImUv L\w XqpIbpw
sNpp. ]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWmhmcn[nbpam
b Amlphns \masm L\w Xqp
Hpw Xsbn) (AlvaZv, XnanZn).
lufv:
P\ alvidbn \npbhkcn
AXns ssZLyXbpw, a\:{]bmkhpw Imc
Wambn AhicmhpIbpw, ZmlnpIbpw sNp
p. B Ahkcn Amlp {]hmNI\v BZc
hv Fp \nev \Ip lufp IuYdnse
shw {]hmNIs Imse Atlnse kaq
Zmbnse kXyhnizmknIv \Ipp. AXn
\nv Bscnepw IpSnnsSpIbmsWn
]nosSmcnepw Ah\v ZmlnpIbn. Hcp hn
`mKamfpIsf AXn \nv AIpIbpw sNpw.
AXns\ kw_nv Amlp ]dbpp:
325

(:) ( )
(Xobmbpw \n\v \mw IuY \Inbncnp

p) (IuY:1)
aplZv \_n()bpsS XSmIn \mw hn

izknpp, AXv henb XSmIhpw {]tXyIXbp
DdhnShpamWv. AXv kzKob ]m\obamb
Iukdn \npw ]ctemI ssaXm\ns Aw
hsc \op InSpp. aplZv \_n()bpsS
kapZmbnse kXyhnizmknI AXn \nv
IpSnnsSpXmWv. \_n() ]dbpp:

( ( )
A\kvv()hn \nv: Atlw ]dbpp: {]hmN

Is\bpw sImv BImintev anAvdmPv \S
nb thfbn ]dp: R Hcp \ZnbpsS
AcnIn t]mbn, AXns Ccp Icbnepw app
Ifpw ]hngfpw sImp DWnbXpw hr
nbpap IpIfpv, Atm Rm tNmZnp:
Atbm Pn_vcose CsXmWv? Atm ]d
p: CXv IuYdmIpp) (_pJmcn).
hntijWw:
326
]ment\m shfpXpw, ant\m

XWpXpw, tX\nt\m am[pcyapXpw, Ikv
Xqcntbm kpKapXpamIpp. AXns
\ofnepw, hoXnbnepw hfsc hnimeXbpXm
Ipp, Hcp ]mizn \nv asmcp ]min
tep Zqcw Hcp amks hgnZqcamIpp, kz
Kn \nv cv DdhnSw AXntev Fnt
cpp. AXnse IpIfpsS Fw BImi \
{XfpsSb{XbpamWv, AXn \nmscnepw Ip
Snm ]nosSmcnepw Ahv ZmlnpIbn.

( ( )
ApmC_v\p Awdn()hn \nv \nthZ\w: d

kqepmln()]dp: (Fs XSmIns h
epw Hcp amks bm{Xm ZqcamIpp, AXnse
shw ]ment\m shfpXpw IkvXqcntb
m kpKapXpamWv, AXnse IpIfpsS
Fw BImi \{XfpsSb{Xbpw hcpXm
Wv, AXn \npw Bscnepw IpSnm ]no
sSmcnepw Ahv ZmlnpIbn) (_pJmcn)
327
()
A\kv_v\p amenIvv()hn \nv: IuYdns\ kw

_nv dkqepmlv()tbmSv tNmZnpIbpm
bn: Atm ]dp: (DX\pw {]Xm]hm\pam
b Amlp kzKn F\nv \Inb Hcp X
SmIamWv AXv, AXnse av IkvXqcnbmWv, A
Xnse shw ]ment\m shfpXmWv, tX\n
t\m am[pcyapXmWv, AXn \nv HI
fpsS Igppt]msebp Igpp ]nI
]pdv hcppv) (AlvaZv)

( ( )
kAv_v\p kAZvv()]dp: \_n() ]dbpI

bpmbn: (Rm\mbncnpw lufntev BZyam
bn hcpXv, Bscnepw FsbcnIneqsS t]m
bm Ah\Xn \nv IpSnmw, Bscnepw A
Xn \nv IpSnm ]noSh\v Hcnepw Zmln
pIbn, FsbSpv Hcp kaqlw hcpw Ah
sc Rm\pw, Rm Ahscbpw AdnbpXmWv F
m F\npw AhpanSbn adbnSpXm
Wv) (_pJmcn).
328
( ( )

A_qZdv()hn \nv; {]hmNI()tbmSv Rm

tNmZnpIbpmbn: lufp IuYdns ]m
{X Fns\bpXmbncnpw? ]dp: apl
Zns BXvamhv BcpsS InemtWm Ah
Xs kXyw! AXnse ]m{X BImifnse
tKmf\{XfpsS A{Xbpw hcpXmWv, kzK
nse ]m{X AImcw \nd cm{Xnbn
sXfnv ImWp \{Xtt]msebmWv, A
Xn \nv Bscnepw IpSnm Ahkm\w hsc
Ah\v ZmlnpIbn, kzKn \nv AXnte
v cv AcphnI ]Xnpp, Bscnepw AXn
\nv IpSnm Ah\v ZmlnpIbn, AXn
s hoXn AXns \oftt]msebmWv, Am
apX ssFe hscbmWv. AXnse shw ]men
t\m shfpXpw, tX\nt\m am[pcyhpap
XmWv) (apkvenw).
329
( ( )

Yu_m\v() \nv:(IuYdnse) ]m\obs kw

_nv tNmZnp: Atm {]hmNI() ]dbp
Ibpmbn: (]ment\m shfpXpw, tX\nt\
m am[pcyapXpamWv, kzKn \nv \o
v InSp cv shns NmepIfpv, A
Xn Hv kznsbpw, ASpXv shnbp
tSXpamIpp) (apkvenw)
BntbmSnsSph:
C{Xbpw {]m[m\yhpw {]tXyIXbpap
Cu ]m\obn \nv NnebmfpIsf BntbmSn
sSpXmWv. AhXn \nv ]m\w sNp
hm AXnbmb B{KlapmhpIbpw, Ans\
AXnsbSptv hcnIbpw sNpw, ]t, B
kabw {]hmNI\pw, AhpanSbn adbnSs
Spw. Amlphnt\mSv {]hmNI() tNmZnpw
Ahscs kapZmbamWtm? Atm Amlp
]dbpw: \n\v tijw \ns aXn FmW
h ]pXpXmbn DmnbXv Fv \n\dnbn,
Atm {]hmNI() ]dbpw \n Zqsc
330
t]mhpI, Ctmv ASpvt]mIcpXv. AXns\

kw_nv {]hmNI() ]dbpXv Hv {in
v t\mq

( ( )
kAv_v\pkAZvv() ]dp: \_n() ]dbpI

bpmbn: (Rm\mbncnpw lufntev BZyam
bn hcpXv, Bscnepw FsbcnIneqsS t]m
bm Ah\Xn \nv IpSnmw, Bscnepw A
Xn \nv IpSnm ]noSh\v Hcnepw Zmln
pIbn, FsbSpv Hcp kaqlw hcpw Ah
sc Rm\pw, Rm Ahscbpw AdnbpXmWv F
m F\npw AhpanSbn adbnSpXm
Wv) (_pJmcn).

( ( )
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv: {]hmNI() ]d

p: Ahkm\ \mfn Fs kapZmbn \n
v Hcp Iqw BfpI FsbSpv hcpw, Ah
331
sc lufn \nv hnZqcsSppXmWv, Atm

Rm ]dbpw: Fs cnXmsh, Ah Fs
BfpIfmWtm? Atm ]dbsSpw: \n\v
tijw Ah FmWv ]pXpXmbpmnbXv F
v \n\dnbn. Ah aXn \nv ]n
XncnhcmWv) (_pJmcn)

...
(( )...
kAv_v\p kAZvv() ]dp: \_n() ]dbpI

bpmbn: (Rm\mWv lufntev BZyambn hcp
Xv, Bscnepw FsbcnIneqsS ISvt]mbm
Ah AXn \nv IpSnpXmWv, Bsc
nepw AXn \nv IpSnpIbmsWn Ah\v
Hcnepw ZmlnpIbn, FsbSpv Hcp hn`m
KamfpI hcpI Xs sNpXmWv Ah F
s Adnbpw, Rm\hscbpw AdnbpXmWv, ]n
s Ahpw F\npanSbn adbnSpXm
Wv Atm Rm ]dbpw: Ah Fn s]
hcmWtm? ]dbsSpw: \n\v tijw Ah F
mWv(aXn) ]pXpXmbn DmnbXv Fv
\n\dnbn, F\nv tijw aXn amw hcp
332
nbh Fn \nv Zqsc t]mIs, Zqsc t]m

Is) (_pJmcn)
{]hmNI()bneqsS aX\nba ]q
nbmpIbpmbn, C\n AXn \nv B
pw Hpw Iqphmt\m Ipdphmt\m km[ya.
Fmw hfsc IrXyamWv, ]cn]qWamWv. Bsc
nepw aXns Imcyn {]hmNI() ]Tn
nm Imcyw \XmWv F cq]n Dm
pIbmsWn AXv XsSWsaXv Ckvem
ans \nbaamWv, Ans\ _nZvAv Dmp
hv ]ctemIv hnizmknIv e`np
A\p{KloX ]m\obamb lufp IuYdnse ]m
\obw IpSnphmt\m, BkzZnphmt\m km[ya
, Ahsc AXn \nv {]hmNI() Xs
BntbmSnpXmWv. AXn\m _nZvApI
Dmphcpw, sNphcpw IcpXnbncn pI.
Fm \_nampw lufpv:
Fm {]hmNImpw lufpv FmWv
dkqepmlv() \s ]TnnpXv. {]hmNI
hN\w {inq
333

() )
kapdbn \nv; dkqepmlv() ]dp: (Xo

bmbpw Fm {]hmNIampw lufpv, G
Xv {]hmNIs lufnemWv IqSpX t] hcp
sX Imcyn Ah A`nam\pw sImph
cmWv, AXvsImv IqSpXt] hcp {]hmNI
Rm\mbncnphm Rm B{Klnpp) (Xn
anZn, A_m\n kzlolmsWv {]kvXmhnn
pv).
lufp IuY Ctm Xs krn
snpv FmWv \apv lZokpIfn \nv
a\knemphm km[npXv: Xncpta\n()bp
sS Hcp hN\w {inq
( ( )...

DJv_Xp_v\p Ban()hn \nv: \_n() Hcp

Znhkw ]pdsSpIbpw, DlvZv ipAZmvth
n P\mk \akvIcnpIbpw AhnsS \nv Xncn
v hv andn Ibdnsmv ]dbpIbpmbn:
334
(Rm\mWv \nfn \nv BZyambn AXn(lu

fn)sbSptv FpXv, Rm \nv
kmnbpamWv, Amlp Xs kXyw! Xo

bmbpw Rm Ctm Fs lufntev t\mn
sImncnpp) (_pJmcn).
]mew:
\cIn\v apIfneqsS Hcp ]mew \nn
pw, AXneqsS ISv t]mIphsc AXv `bs
Sppp. P\ AXneqsS InashpXv
t]msebpw, an t]msebpw, Imv t]msebpw,
]nsb t]msebpw, IpXncIsf t]msebpw, a\p
jy \SpXv t]msebpw, thKXbn \Sp
Xv t]msebpw kzKntev ISpt]mIpp.
ap Nne \Sp t]mIpXn\nSbn hgpXn hogp
hcpapv, AhchcpsS {]h\\pk
cnv AXneqsS ISv t]mIpp,. Xs Imhnc
ens Anep{Xbpw {]Imiaph hsc
AXneqsS ISp t]mIpp. Ahcn Nnecpv,
AXn \nv Ahsc dmnsbSpv \cInte
v hensdnbpIbpw sNpp. Bscnepw Cu
]meneqsS ISv t]mbm Ah kzn
{]thinp. AXneqsS BZyambn ISp t]mIp
Xv aplZv \_n()bpsS kapZmbamWv, {]hmN
ImcmsX Bcpav kwkmcnpIbn, {]hmN
335
ImcpsS As {]m\ Amlpsh, c

sSpq . . . , csSpq . . . Fmbncnpw,
]mensbn Hcp]mSv sImfppIfpv
AXns IWpI AmlphnmsX Adnbp
Ibn, Ah Dtinphsc B sImfpv
sImv hensSppp. CXns\ kw_nv Jp
B ]dbpXv {inpI:

) (

) (

) (

( )(-:
"kXyhnizmknIsfbpw kXyhnizmkn\nIsfbpw,
AhcpsS {]Imiw AhcpsS ap`mKfneqsS
bpw heXp`mKfneqsSbpw kcnp \nebn
\o ImWp Znhkw! (AhtcmSv ]dbs
Spw:) Cp \np ktmjhm Nne
kzKtmpIsf ]nbmIpp. AhbpsS Xmgv
336
`mKp IqSn AcphnI HgpInsImncnpw. \n

AXn \nXyhmknIfmbncnpw. AXv al
mb `mKyw XsbmWv. I]ShnizmknIfpw I]
Shnizmkn\nIfpw kXyhnizmknItfmSv (Cs\)
]dbp Znhkw: \n Rsf t\mtW! \n
fpsS {]Imin \nv R ]In F
Sps. (Atm AhtcmSv) ]dbsSpw: \n
\nfpsS ]n`mKtp Xs aSntmIpI.
Fnv {]Imiw At\zjnp sImpI! Atm
AhnSbn Hcp aXn sImv adbpms
SpXmWv. AXn\v Hcp hmXnepmbncnpw. AXn
s D`mKmWv ImcpWyapXv. AXns ]pdw
`mKmIs inbpw. Ahsc (kXyhnizmknI
sf) hnfnv Ah (I]Sam) ]dbpw: R
\ntfmsSmambncpnt? Ah (kXyhnizm
knI) ]dbpw: AsX; ]s, \n \nsf
Xs IpgnempIbpw (aphv \miw
hcpXv) ]mpsImncnpIbpw (aXn)
kwibnpIbpw Amlphns BPvR hs
pXv hsc hymtaml \nsf hnpI
bpw sNbvXp. Amlphns Imcyn ]cah
I\mb ]nimNv \nsf hnp Ifp. A
XpsImv Cv \nfpsS ] \ntm kXy
\ntj[nIfpsS ] \ntm bmsXmcp {]mbv
ivNnhpw kzoIcnsSpX. \nfpsS hm
337
kkvYew \cIamIpp. AXs{X \nfpsS _

p XncnpsNm\p B kvYew hfsc No
Xs' (lZoZv:12,15).
hntijWw:
hmfnt\m aqbpXpw, apSntbm
t\Xpw, hgpXpXpamIpp ]mew, AXn
Amlp Imepdnhs ImemsX DdpIbn
, ImcWw CcpnemWXv \msSpXv. Aam\
ns\bpw, IpSpw__w tNens\bpw AXn
eqsS ISv t]mIph AXns\ cns\bpw
]cnKWntm AXn AhKWntmsbv km
n \nphm thn ]men\Sptb
pIbpw sNpp.

( )
(-: ( )
(AXn\Spv hcmhcmbn (\cIns) \n
fn Bcpw Xsbn, Xs cnXmhns JWv

UnXhpw, \SnemsSp Hcp Xocpam\amIp
p AXv, ]noSv [a\njvT ]menhsc \mw c
sSppIbpw, A{IanIsf appIpphcp
ambn sImv \mw AXn hntpIbpw sNp
XmWv) (abw: 71 72)
338
(( )...
dkqepmln()]dp: (\cIn\v apIfn ]m

ew \msSpp, {]hmNImcn \nv Rm\mWv
BZyambn Fs kapZmbhpambn AXneqsS IS
pt]mIpXv) (_pJmcn).
(( )...

dkqepmlv()]dp: (\cIn\v apIfn ]m

ew \msSpp, AXneqsS Rm\mbncnpw BZy
ambn ISpt]mIpXv, {]hmNImcpsS A
s {]m\ Amlpsh, csSpq, c
sSpq shmbncnpw) (_pJmcn, apkvenw)

(
:

()
A_qkCuZpJpZvcn() ]dbpp: (Xobmbpw

]mew, hmfnt\m aqbpXpw, apSntbm
t\XpamIppsh Adnhv F\nv hs
nbncnpp) (apkvenw)

...
:
)
...

339

...
(( )...

p: (Aam\ns\bpw, IpSpw__w tNen
s\bpw AbsSpp AXv ]mens CSXpw,
hepXpambn \npp. \nfn apmcn
an t]mse ISv t]mIphcpv ...., AXv
t]mse Ahcn Imv t]msebpw, ]noSv ]n
sb t]msebpw, ]noSv a\pjy \SpXv t]m
sebpw t]mIphcpv. XfpsS {]h\
\pkcnmWv AXneqsS ISv t]mIpXv. \n
fpsS {]hmNI AXnsbSpv \nv sIm
v ]dbpw Amlpsh, csSpq, csSp
qshv ASnaIfpsS {]h\ Zpèam
IpXv hsc, Hcm hcpp Atlw \ncn sIm
msX t]mIpIbn, I]ns]hs\ henn
Sphm thn AXns Ccp `mKpw _n
s] sImfppIfpv, B sImfpv sImv
tXmsh csSpIbpw, hensSps
h \cInepamIpp) (apkvenw)
340
JXzd:
kXyhnizmknI ]meneqsS csm
JmXzdsb kYev \npsav \mw hn
izknpp., AXv \cInsbpw, kzKns
bpw CSbnep Hcp kYeamWv, ]meneqsS I
Svh hnizmknI kzK {]thi\n\v apv
Zpbmhnse ]ckv]cap {]XnImcw Xophm
thn AhnsS \nIpp, Ah \cIn
\nv csncnpp. Ans\ Ah kwkvI
cnpIbpw, ipoIcnpIbpw sNbvXm kzK
ntev {]thinphm A\paXn \Ipp.
(
()
\_n()]dp: (\cIn \nv cs] k

XyhnizknI \cInsbpw, kzKnsbpw
CSbnep JmXzdbn ]ckv]cap {]XnIm
cw XopIbpw kwkvIcnpIbpw, ipoIcn
pIbpw sNbvXXn\v tijw kzKntev {]
thinphm A\paXn \Ipp. aplZv \_n
341
()bpsS BXvamhv BcpsS InemtWm Ahs\
sXmv kXyw Hcm Xs hosShnsSbmWv Adn

bpXv t]mse kzKnepw Xs kYm\sahn
sSbmWh\dnbpp) (_pJmcn)
Hgnv amdpp:
kzKn \npw ]pdmb C_neokv
bYm hnizmknIfmhsc apgph\pw hgn
sXnphm thn Hcpn]pdsncnpIbm
Wv, Ahs IqsS \cIn Xmaknphm\mbn
F{XbmfpIsf Iqphm Ignbptam A{Xbpw B
fpIsf hgnsXnphm Ah InWv ]cn{I
anpXmWv. XnIsfbpw sXpIsfbpw \bm
bpw, inns\ XuloZmbpw P\v `wKnbm
n sImSppp. Fm Ahkm\ \mfn C
_neokv HgnvamdpXmbnmWv \apv JpB
]dv XcpXv. F\nv \nfpsSta \n
w sNepm km[ya, adnv Cbn Im
cy \nv `wKnbmn ImWnpXp, A
Xn \n kzbw hogpIbmWv sNbvXncnp
Xv, AXpsImv Xs \n Fs Bt
]nmsX kzbw Xs ]gnNmcpIsbv C_neo
kv AhnsS shv ]dbpp. AXpsImv hnizm
knI IrXyambpw Cu Imcyw a\knemt
Xpv. JpB ]dbpp:
342

(: ( )

"Imcyw Xocpam\nsv Ignm ]nimNv ]d

bpXmWv. Xobmbpw Amlp \ntfmSv Hcp
hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. kXyhmKvZm\w. Rm\pw \n
tfmSv hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. Fm \ntfmSv (Rm
sNbvX hmKvZm\w) Rm ewLnp. F\nv \n
fpsS ta bmsXmcp A[nImchpw Dmbncp
n. Rm \nsf Wnp. Atm \nsf
\nv Dcw \In Fv am{Xw. BIbm, \n
Fs IpsSpt, \n \nsf
s IpsSppI. F\nv \nsf klmbnm
\mhn. \nv Fsbpw klmbnm\mhn.
apv \n Fs ]mfnbmnbncpXns\
Rm\nXm \ntj[nncnpp. Xobmbpw A{Ia
ImcnIfmtcm AhmWv thZ\tbdnb inbp
Xv.' (C{_mlnw: 22)
\cIw:
sFlnI PohnXn sNbvX apgph I
pap IrXyamb {]Xnêw \Iphm\m
bn hnNmcW sNpIbpw, Hmtcm hynbpw Ah
343
clnp {]Xnêw \IsSpXpamWv. B

pw bmsXmcp A{Iahpw AhnsS t\cntSn.
Xm sNbvXXn\p IrXyamb {]Xnêw. ]cn
]qW \oXnbmWv AhnsS \SnemhpI. Bpw
Bscbpw Bt]nphm Ignbm cq]nep
\oXnbne[nnXambnp ImcyfmWv Ahn
sS \SpXv. kXy\ntj[nIv Amlp Hcp
nbnp ktXamWv \cIw FpXv. B \
cIn Hmtcm hynIpw AhcpsS {]h
\\pkcnp inbmWv e`npI.
AXns\ kw_npw JpB\pw Xncpkppw
{]kvXmhnp Nne ImcyfntemWv \nfp
sS {i Wnphm B{KlnpXv Amlp
AXn\v XpWpIbpw, \cIn \nv \s
cnpIbpw sNpamdmhs. Bao.
kzK \cI Amlp Ctm Xs
Hcpn shnpsmWv JpB\n \npw, Xn
cpkpn \npw ](nXm \apv ]dv X
cpXv. Camw Xzlmhn ]dbpp:
)
(...
(kzKhpw \cIhpw krnsncnpp, AXv
Hcnepw \inpItbm, Ahkm\npItbm sN

n. DX\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb Amlp ap kr
344
nIsf krnpXn\v apv Ahsb krnncn

pp. AXns AhIminIsfbpw krnncn
pp...) (AJoZp Xzlmhn:)
)

( :( )

t\SnsbSpm \n [rXnsv aptdpI. [
\njvT]menphpthn Hcpnshs
Xs{X AXv.' (BepCwdm:133)
( : ( )
"kXy\ntj[nIv Hcpnshs \cImKv\n

sb \n kqnpIbpw sNpI' (BepCwdm
:131) .

( ( )
:
Apmln_v\p Da()hn \nv, dkqepm

lv() ]dbpp: (\nfn \nmscnepw acnv
Ignm Ah kzKnemsWn kzK
nsebpw, \cInemsWn \cInsebpw
345
Ahs m\w {]`mXnepw {]tZminepw

ImWnpsImSppXmWv. Ahkm\ \mfn
Amlp \ns Dbsgpt]npXv hsc
CXmWv \ns m\sav Aht\mSv ]dbsSp
XmWv) (_pJmcn)
apIfn \mw Dcn Bbn \npw l
Zokn \npw hyamhpXv kzK \cI
Ctm Xs krnsnpsmWv. C\n
bpw Hcp]mSv BbpIfpw lZokpIfpw CXn\v
sXfnhmbn \apv ImWmhpXmWv. e ]cn
anXnaqew ChnsS Ahkm\nnpp.
kqnpIm:
\cIs kqnphm\mbn Amlp Ah
s krnIfmb aepIfnse Nnesc G]nn
psv JpB \tmSv ]dbpp. AsXmv
hmbnpI \mw:

( :( )
"kXyhnizmknItf, kztZlsfbpw \nfpsS

_psfbpw a\pjycpw IpIfpw C\ambn
p \cImKv\nbn \nv \n Impcn
346
pI. AXns tat\mn\v ]cpj kz`mhap

hcpw AXniIvXamcpamb aepIfpmbncn
pw. Amlp AhtcmSv I]nImcyn Ah
t\mSh A\pkcWtSv ImWnpIbn. Ah
tcmSv I]nsSpXv Fpw Ah {]hn
pIbpw sNpw' (Xlvcow:6).

()
)
( ) ( )
(-:( ( ))
"hgnsb Rm Ahs\ kJdn (\cIn) Cv

FcnpXmWv. kJ Fm FmsWv \n
\dnbptam? AXv Hpw _mnbmpItbm hn
pIfbpItbm C. AXv sXmen Icnv cq]w amn
fbpXmWv. AXns tat\mn\v ]sm
Xv t]cpv' (AapYn: 2630).
)

(:( )

"\cIneph \cIns ImhmtcmSv ]

dbpw: \n \nfpsS cnXmhnt\msSmv {]m
XvYnpI. Rv Hcp Znhks insb
nepw Ah eLqIcnp Xcs' (Km^n:49).
Bghpw, hym]vXnbpw:
347
\cIns Bghpw \apv hnphm

IgnbmXnepapdamWv, AXntev F{Xbm
fpIsf {]thinnmepw icn AXv \ndbpIbn.
AXns Bgw hnhcWmXoXamWv. AXntev B
fpIsf {]thinnptm \cIw C\nbpaptm
sbv hopw hopw tNmZnv sImncnpw. A
Xns\ kw_nv JpB ]dbpXv {inq.

( : ( )
)

"\o \ndv Igntm Fv \mw \cItmSv ]d

bpIbpw, IqSpX Fsnepaptm Fv AXv
(\cIw) ]dbpIbpw sNp Znhknes{X A
Xv.' (Jm^v:30)
\_n() CXns\ kw_nv ]dbpXv
IqSn ImWpI:
:)

( ( )

A\kv_v\pamenIv() \_n()bn \nv: \cI

ntev (a\pjy Pnv hKsf) {]thinn
ptmsgms AXv tNmZnpw, C\nbpaptm
sbv, Ans\ Amlp Ahs Im]mZw sh
pXvhsc AXv XpSv sImncnpw,
348
Amlp Im]mZw shvIgnm \cIhmkn

I ]ckv]cw IqSntvt]mhpIbpw, \cIw hn
fnv ]dbpw: \ns {]Xm]w sImpw HuZmcyw
sImpw aXn, aXnsbv. AXpt]mse kzKn
kuIcyfpw, kpJfpw Amlp hnn
v sImtbncnpXmWv, Amlp Ahvth
n Hcp {]tXyIXcw krnIsf DmpIbpw,
kzKob kpJs hnnpIbpw sNpXv
hsc AXv XpSvsImncnpXmWv) (apkv
enw).
\cInse Bgs kw_nv \apv
a\knemphm \_n()bpsS Cu lZokv Hv
a\kncpn hmbnm \apv {Klnphm km
[npXmWv.

:

( ( )
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv: Atlw ]dbpp:

(R {]hmNI()bpsS IqsSbmbncpp,
B kabw R Hcp iw tIpIbpm
bn, Atm \_n() tNmZnp: B iw Fm
sWv \nv Adnbptam? ]dp: Amlp
349
hpw dkpepw Adnbpsav R adp]Sn ]d

p. Atm Xncpta\n XpSp: (AXv Fgp]Xv
hjw apv \cIntev Fdnbs Hcp Iv
CtmgmWv \cInse Bgns Ahkm\n
]XnXv, AXns iamWXv) (apkvenw)
henngsSpp:
Ahkm\ \mfn \cIw aepIfm hen
ngmWv sImv hcnI. \_n() AXns\ kw_
nv ]dbpXv t\mq
:
)
()
Apmlv()hn \nv: dkqepmlv() ]dbp

Ibpmbn: (B Znhkw \cIw Fgp]Xn\mbncw
NeIfm sImv hcsSpw, Hmtcm sNe
bnepw Fgp]Xn\mbncw aepI AXns\ hen
ngv sImp hcpXmWv) (apkvenw)
hnhn[ XpI
\cIn\v hnh[ XpIfpsv JpB
\n \nv a\knemhpp. Hmtcm Xcnep
350
sXpIv inbmbn Hcpsnp hyXy

Xcnep inI Hcpnbnp \cI
amWv Amlp krnnpXv. ap\m^nJpIv
Amlp Hcpnbnp in \cInse G
hpw Ahkm\s XmsWv JpB \apv
]Tnnv XcpXv \mw {inpI.
(:)
"Xobmbpw I]ShnizmknI \cIns ASn

nemIpp. Ahsmcp klmbnsbbpw \o
IspX.' (\nkmAv:145)
IhmS:
\cIn\v Ggv IhmS Dsv Jp
B ]dbpp.

( )

(-: ( )
"Xobmbpw \cIw Ahsmw \nivNbn

s kvYm\w XsbmIpp. AXn\v Ggv IhmS
fpv. Hmtcm hmXneneqsSbpw ISphm\mbn
hoXns Hmtcm hn`mKw Ahcnepv.' (lnPvdv:
43,44)
351
:

)
( ( )


p: (dafm hm kzK IhmS Xpds
SpIbpw, \cI IhmS sImnbSpIbpw, ]n
imNp _nsSpIbpw sNpp) (_p
Jmcn)
hndIpI
\cIn InsSp hndIpIsf Jp
B ]cnNbsSppXv t\mpI:

( :( )
)
"a\pjycpw IpIfpw C\ambn InsSp

\cImKv\nsb \n ImpkqnpsIm
pI. kXy\ntj[nIpthn Hcpnshs
XmIpp AXv.' (A_Jd:24)
ITn\amb NqSv:
( )
( )
)

( -: ( )

( )
352
"CSXp]m, FmWo CSXp]mcpsS

AhkvY! Xpfp Ibdp DjvWImv, NppXnf
p shw, IcnpIbpsS XW XWpp
tXm, kpJZmbItam Am ( Fo ZpcnXfn
embncnpw Ah)' (hmJnAx:41(44)
()
)
( )

( )

(- : ( )
"aqv imJIfp Hcp Xcw XWentev \n

t]mbnsmpI. AXv XW \IpX. Xo
Pzmebn \nv kwcWw \IpXpa. Xo
bmbpw AXv (\cIw) henb sInSw t]mse Db
cap Xosmcn sXdnnp sImncnpw. AXv
(Xosmcn) a\ndap HI Iqsftmse
bmbncnpw.' (Aapkemv: 30 33)
( )

(
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv: {]hmNI() ]d

p: (\cInse XobpsS Fgp]Xn Hcp `mK
amWv \nfpsS Xo. tNmZnsp: {]hmNIsc,
Cu Xo Xs aXnbmbXmWtm? ]dp: AXn
353
t\m Adp]nsbm]Xv Ccn hnnnp

v, Ahsbmw ChnSps Xo t]mse NqSp
XmWv) (_pJmcn, apkvenw)

( :( )
)
"AXv AWv t]mIptmsgmw \mw Ahv

Pzme IqnsImSppXmWv.' (CkvdmAv:97)
`Whpw, ]m\obhpw

(

)
)*(
( :)
"fcoC \nmsX Ahv bmsXmcp Blmc

hpan. AXv t]mjWw \IpIbn. hnin\v I
a\apmpIbpan.' (Kminbx:6,7)
)
( )
( )
( -:( )
()

"Xobmbpw kJvJqw hramIpp. (\cIn

) ]m]nbpsS Blmcw. DcpInb temlw t]men
cnpw (AXns I\n.) AXv hbdpIfn Xnfbv
pw. NpSpshw XnfbvpXv t]mse' (ZpJm:
4346)
354

( )

()
)

( )

( ) ( )

(- :( )

( )
"AXmtWm hninjvSamb kmcw? AX k

JvJqw hramtWm? Xobmbpw AXns\ \mw
A{IaImcnIv Hcp ]coWamnbncnpp.
\cIns ASnbn apfp s]mp Hcp hr
as{X AXv. AXns Ipe ]nimNpfpsS Xe
I t]msebncnpw. Xobmbpw Ah AXn
\nv Xnv hbdv \ndphcmbncnpw. ]noSv
Ahv AXn\p aosX NppXnfp shn
s Hcp tNcphbpv. ]noSv Xobmbpw Ah
cpsS aSw \cIntev XsbmIpp.' (kzm
^v^mv: 62 68)

(*)
()
)
(
*
)

( -:( )

)*(
(Fnv, tl; kXy\ntj[nIfmb ZpamKnItf,
Xobmbpw \n Hcp hrn \nv AXm

bXv kJvJqan \nv `nphcmIpp. A
s\ AXn \nv hbdpI \ndphcpw, A
355
Xns aosX Xnfps]mp shn \nv

IpSnphcpamIpp. As\ Zmlnp he
HIw IpSnpt]mse IpSnphcmIpp. C
Xmbncnpw {]Xnêns \mfn Ahp
kmcw) (hmJnAx: 51 56).
NnecpsS `Ww Xo XsbmsWv Jp
B ]dbpp:

( :( )
"Xobmbpw A\mYIfpsS kzpI A\ym

bambn Xnph AhcpsS hbdpIfn Xnp
(\ndp)Xv Xo am{XamIpp. ]noSv Ah
\cIn InFcnbpXpamWv.' (\nkmAv:10)
hkv{Xw:
\cIhmknIv Amlp hkv{Xw Hcpn
bncnpp. Fns\bp hkv{XambncnpaXv
Fv Amlp Xs Ahs JpB\n ]dbp
Xv \mw hmbnpI:

( )

( - : ( )
( )
356
"Cu cp hn`mKw cv FXnInIfmIpp.

XfpsS cnXmhns Imcyn Ah FXn
hmZmcmbn. Fm Ahnizknhcmtcm Ah
v AKv\nsImp hkv{X apdnpsImSp
sSpXmWv. AhcpsS XebvpaosX Xnfbv
p shw sNmcnbsSp XmWv. AXp \nan
w AhcpsS hbdpIfnepXpw Nfpw
DcpsSpw' (A lv:20,21).
(
*
)
(- : ( )
"B Znhkw IphmfnIsf NeIfn At\ym

\yw tNv _nsXmbnv \n\v ImWmw.
AhcpsS Ipmb Idp Ioev (Sm) sIm
pXmbncnpw. AhcpsS apJsf Xo s]mXn
bpXpamWv' (C{_mlnw:49,50).
ITn\in:
\cIn {]thinhv AXnITn\amb
in XsbmWv e`npXv. AXn \nv c
sSphm Ah BhpsXmw sNpw, ]t,
Ahv tamN\an. `qanbpw AXnepXv apgph
\pw ]Icw \Insbnepw AXn \nv ]pdp
hcm Ah ]cn{ianpXmWv. Ahcn \nv
357
bmsXmpw kzoIcnpIbn, Ahv AXn

\nv tamN\hpan. JpB ]dbpp:
( )

( -:( )

nphm thn {]mbivNnw \IpXn\m
t]mepw Ahcn \nv AXv kzoIcnsSpI
Xv. \cIn \nv ]pdv ISm Ah
B{Klnpw. AXn \nv ]pdpt]mIm Ah
v km[yamhpItbbn. \nccamb inbm
Wv AhpXv.' (amCZ:36,37)
\cIn Hv apnsbSpht\mSv tNm
ZnsSpw, \o Zpbmhn shv h kpJhpw
BkzZnncppthm, sFizcyhpw A\p`hnncp
pthmsbv tNmZnptm Hpw Xs Rm
A\p`hnnmsbv kIehn[ kpJfpw, sF
izcyfpw A\p`hnh ]dbpsamWv dkqep
mlv() \tmSv ]dbpXv. Atm \cIn
se in F{Xam{Xw òIcamWv Fv \mw a\

knempI.
bnq.
dkqepmlv()bpsS
hN\w
358
hm

(( )

A\kv_v\p amenIv() ]dp: dkqepmlv

() ]dbpIbpmbn: (Zpbmhn Ghpw sF
izcyw e`n \cIhmknsb Ahkm\ \mfn
sImvhcpw, ]noSv Ahs\ \cIn Hv ap
nsbSpnv tNmZnpw: \n\v Fsnepw
sFizcyw ImWphm km[nncppthm?, \n\v
h A\p{Klhpw BkzZnphm Ignncpp
thm? Atm Ah ]dbpw: Fs cnXmhm
b Amlpsh, Cmsbh adp]Sn ]dbpw. C
ltemIv shv Ghpw IqSpX {]bmka\p`
hn kzKhmknsb Ahkm\ \mfn sImv
hcpIbpw, Ahs\ kzKn Hv {]thinnn
v tNmZnpw: Atbm a\pjym, \o h {]bmk
hpw A\p`hnncppthm? \n\v h _pnapp
359
Ifpw t\cntSn hnptm? Ah ]dbpw: F

s cnXmhmb Amlpsh, Cm. F\nv bm
sXmcp {]bmkhpw t\cntSnhnnmsbh
adp]Sn ]dbpw) (apkvenw)
Ghpw sNdnb in:

\cI in ImTn\yw \ndXmWv, AXn
Hcp\nanjw t]mepw a\pjyv Ignp Iqphm
km[ya. Ans\bp \cIn Ghpw Ipd
in Fmbncnpsav {]hmNI() hn
iZoIcnpXv \mw {inpI:

:
)

( ( )
\pAvam\p_v\p _jo()hn \nv: {]hmNI

() ]dbpXmbn Rm tIp: (Ahkm\\m
fn \cIn Ghpw \nCPmcamb in Hcp
a\pjy\v Ahs Imens ASn`mKv \cIn
se cv IjvW shpw, AXpaptJ\ kam
hdnepw, sNpIenepw shw Xnfv adnbp
Xvt]mse Ahs Xetmt]mepw Xnfv adnbp
XmWv) (_pJmcn)
360
sXmenI amnsmncnpXmWv
\cI hmknIpw, kzKob hmknI
pw acWan, \cIn {]thinhv in
BkzZnphm\mbn sXmenI amnsmncn
pw. sXmenbpsnte thZ\ AdnbpIbpq.
AXns\ kw_nv Amlp ]dbpp:

( : ( )

"Xobmbpw \psS sXfnhpI \ntj[nhsc

\mw \cInenv IcnpXmWv. AhcpsS sXm
enI shpt]mIptmsgmw Ahv \mw th
sd sXmenI amnsImSppXmWv. Ah in
BkzZnp sImncnm thnbmWXv. Xo
bmbpw Amlp {]Xm]hm\pw bpIvXnam\pam
Ipp' (\nkmAv:56).
apJneqsS henngsSpp:

( )
)

( : ( )
"Xobmbpw B IphmfnI hgn]nghnepw _p

niq\yXbnepamIpp. apJw \nep Ipnb
\nebn Ah \cImKv\nbneqsS henngs
Sp Znhkw. (AhtcmSv ]dbsSpw:) \n \c
361
Ins kv]i\w A\p`hnv sImpI' (A

Ja:47,48).
Bamibhpw, IpSepIfpw ]pdpNmSpp:

P\tfmSv \ I]npIbpw, Fm
B \ PohnXn ]ImXncnpIbpw, Xn
hntcm[npIbpw Fm B Xn sNpIbpw
sNbvXhv Amlp \Ip insb kw_
nv {]hmNI() hniZoIcnpp:

( ( )

dkqepmlv() ]dp: (Rm tIp; (Ahkm

\ \mfn Hcmsf sImv hcpIbpw Ahs\ \cI
n {]thinnpIbpw sNpw, Ans\ A
tlns Bamibfpw, IpSepIfpw ]pdv
NmSn IgpX BkpIn\v Nppw Idn smncn
pXvt]mse IdpIbpw sNpXmWv. A
ns\ \cIhmknI Atln\v Nppw Hcpan
v IqSnsmv tNmZnpw: Hm, a\pjym, FmWv
362
\ns {]iv\w? \o RtfmSv \ I]npI

bpw, Xn hntcm[npIbpw sNbvXncpnt? A
tm Ah ]dbw: Rm \ntfmSv \ I
]nncpp, Fm Rm\Xv sNbvXncpn, AXp
t]mse \ntfmSv Xn hntcm[nncpp, Fm
Rm\Xv sNpIbpw sNbvXncpp) (_pJmcn)
Bcm[\I apgph\pw Amlphn\mWv
\mw kantXv, AXv ampw kanp
hm ]mSn. t\bpw Bcm[\bns]XmWv.
AXv Amlphn\msX ampw kanphm
]mSn. \psS \mn ]ebmfpIfpw Cpw
BSpIsfbpw ap arKsfbpw Amlphm
hv
t\bmpXmbn
ImWmw.
CXv
Amlp s]mdpm ]m]amWv. inmWv. B
cmWv Amlphmhv arKsf t\bm
pXv Ah\v Amlp \cIn {]tXyIamb
inbmWv HcpnshncnpXv. BZyambn
Amlphmhv arKs t\bmn hn
Xv Awdv_v\p_v\p Bandp_v\p epssl BWv. A
tln\v Amlp \cIn Hcpnbncnp
in \_n hniZoIcnpXvt\mpI:
( ( )

363
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv: \_n() ]dp:

(Awdp_v\p Bandp_v\p epsslsb \cIn
Atlns IpSepIsfmw ]pdv NmSn Id
nsmncnpXmbn Rm Ip, Atlam
Wv BZyambn arKs Amlphmhv
t\bmn hnXv) (_pJmcn).
sNeIfm _nnpp...
\cIhmknIv inI hnnphm
\mbn Ahsc ]ckv]cw sNeIfm _nn
sSpp. Ahv Hv Xncnbm\pw adnbphm
\pw IgnbmsX ]ckv]cw _nXambnmcnenpw
\In Ignv IqpI. JpB ]dbpp:
)

( :( )
"Xobmbpw kXy\ntj[nIv \mw NeI

fpw hnepIfpw InPzenp \cImKv\nbpw
Hcpn shncnpp.' (Ckm:4)

()
( )
)
(: ( )
( )

(Atm C{]Imcw I]\bpmIpw) \n
Ahs\ ]nSnv _\nenSq. ]ns Ahs\ \n

Pzenp \cIn {]thinnq. ]n
s, Fgp]Xv apgw \ofap Hcp Nebn Ah
s\ \n {]thinnq. Xobmbpw Ah a
364
lm\mb Amlphn hnizknncpn' (lm

JvJ:30---33).
\cInse \nXyhmknI
BcmtWm ssZhnI Zrmsf PohnX
n ]In PohnpXv Ah\v imizXamb
kzKhpw, BcmtWm B ssZhnI Zrmsf
AhKWnv PohnpXv Ah \cIn {]
thinpIbpw sNpXmWv. Fm imizXam
bn \cIn {]thinnsSp Imcy
sNmh AhcpsS ]m]\pkcnv \c
In t]mbXn\v tijw kzKn {]thin
pXmWv. Fm inv]camb ]m]amWv H
cm sNpsXn Ah\v imizXambn \cI
n Xsbmbncnpw, Ah\Xn \nv tamN
\an. Amlp \cIw \ndpI Xs sNp
XmWv. B \cntembn PnpIfnepw a\pjy
cnepw s] Hcp]mSv t]sc krnnpv. AXns\
Ipdnv IzpB ]dbpXv Hv NnnpI:
( : ( )
365
"PnpIfn \npw a\pjycn \npw [mcmfw

t]sc \mw \cIn\v thn krjvSnnpv. A
hv a\pIfpv. AXp]tbmKnv Ah Im
cyw {KlnpIbn. Ahp IpIfpv. AXp
]tbmKnv Ah IdnbpIbn. Ahv ImXp
Ifpv. AXp]tbmKnv Ah tIp a\nemp
Ibn. Ah ImenIsftmsebmIpp. A; A
hcmWv IqSpX ]ngh. Ah XsbmWv {I
bnmh' (AAvdm^v:179)
\cIn \nXyhmknIfmbhsc JpB
hniZoIcnp Xcppv. AXn NnebmfpIsf
kw_nv A]w hniZamphm B{Kln
pp..
1 Amlphns ZrjvSmsf Ifhmnbh.

)
( :( )
"Fm \psS ZrjvSmsf \ntj[np X

pIbpw, AhbpsS t\sc Almcw \SnpI
bpw sNpXmtcm AhcmWv \cImhIminI.
Ah AXn \nXyhmknIfmbncnpw.' (AAv
dm^v:36)
2- inv sNbvXh
366
( )
- :( )

(
"Xobmbpw kXy\ntj[nItfmSv C{]Imcw hnfn

p]dbsSpw: \n hnizmkntev Wnn
sSpIbpw, Fnv \n AhnizknpIbpw
sNbvXncp k`n Amlphn\v (\ntfm
Sp) Aajw \n Xnep Aajs
m hepXmIpp. Ah ]dbpw: RfpsS \m
Ym! cp{]mhiyw \o Rsf \nPohm hkvY
bnempIbpw cp{]mhiyw \o Rv Poh
\IpIbpw sNbvXp. Fm RfnXm R
fpsS Ip kXnncnpp. BIbm
Hp ]pdvt]mtIXntev h amKhpap
tm? AmlpthmSv am{Xw {]mXvYnsm
\n AhnizknpIbpw, Aht\mSv ]mfnI
IqntNsm \n hnizknpIbpw
sNbvXncpXv \nanas{X AXv. Fm (Cv)
hn[nI]nm\p A[nImcw DX\pw alm\p
amb Amlphn\mIpp.' (Kzm^n:10 12)
367
( )

( )

(- :( )

"Amlphn\v ]pdsabphsc Ah\v kaamcm

p Nne BfpIfpv. Amlpsh kvt\lnp
Xv t]mse Cu BfpI Ahscbpw kvt\ln
pp. Fm kXyhnizmknI AmlpthmSv
AXniIvXamb kvt\laphcs{X. Cu A{IanI
]ctemIin Iapn ImWp kabv
iIvXn apgph Amlphn\msWpw Amlp I
Tn\ambn innph\msWpw Ah Idn
ncppshn (AXhv F{X KpWIcamIp
ambncpp!) ]npScsh (t\Xm) ]npS
hsc (A\pbmbnIsf) hnv Hgnv amdpIbpw,
in t\cn ImWpIbpw, Ah (Ccphn`mK
hpw) Xnep _ Apt]mIpIbpw sN
p kàs{X (AXv.) ]npSh (A\pbm
bnI) Ap ]dbpw: Rv (CltemIt
v) Hcp Xncnpt]mnhkcw Innbncpsn
Ch Rsf hnsmgnv amdnbXv t]mse
368
R Chsc hnpw Hgnp amdpambncpp. A

{]Imcw AhcpsS Isfmw Ahv tJZ
n\v ImcWambn `hnXv Amlp Ahv Im
WnpsImSppw.\cImKv\nbn \nvAhv ]p
dv ISm\mIpIbpan.' (A_Jd: 165 167)

( )

)

( )
( )
( )

( )

( -:( )

"thZ{Ksbpw, \mw \psS ZqXamsc Ab

Xv Fsmcp ZuXyw sImmtWm AXns\bpw
\ntj[np Ifhcs{X Ah. Fm hgnsb
Ah Adnp sImpw. AsX; AhcpsS Igp
pIfn IpcppIfpw NeIfpambn Ah h
enngsSp k`w. NppXnfp sh
neqsS. ]noSv Ah \cImKv\nbn Fcn
sSpIbpw sNpw. ]noSv AhtcmSv ]dbsSpw:
\n ]mfnIfmbn tNncph FhnsSbm
Ipp? Amlphn\v ]pdsa. Ah ]dbpw: Ah
Rsf hnv A{]Xycmbncnpp. A, R
apv {]mXvYnncpXv bmsXmnt\mSpam
369
bncpn. A{]Imcw Amlp kXy\ntj[nI

sf ]nghnempp. \ymbanmsX \n `qanbn
BlvfmZw sImncpXnsbpw, Kv \Snn
cpXnsbpw êas{X AXv. \cIns IhmS
fneqsS AXn \nXyhmknIsf \nebn \n
ISp sImpI. AlmcnIfpsS ]mnSw
NoXs.(Fv AhtcmSv ]dbsSpw.)' (Km^n
:70 76)
apivcnpIv \cIw \nw

( : ( )
"AmlpthmSv hh\pw ]ptNp ]w

Xobmbpw Amlp Ahv kzKw \njnam
pXmWv. \cIw Ahs hmkkvYeambncnp
Ibpw sNpw. A{IanIv klmbnIfmbn B
cpw Xsbn. FmWv.' (amCZ;72)
3- kXy\ntj[w
( )

( -:( )

nphm thn {]mbivNnw \IpXn\m
370

t]mepw Ahcn \nv AXv kzoIcnsSpI
Xv. \cIn \nv ]pdv ISm Ah
B{Klnpw. AXn \nv ]pdpt]mIm Ah
v km[yamhpItbbn. \nccamb inbm
Wv AhpXv' (amCZ:36,37).
4 hgn]ngvt]mb ]WvUnXmscbpw t\Xmmscbpw
Aambn A\pKanh

( )
()

(
()
( :)
"Xobmbpw Amlp kXy\ntj[nIsf i]np

Ibpw Ahpthn Pzenp \cImKv\n Hcp
nshpIbpw sNbvXncnpp. Fspw Ah
cXn imizXhmknIfmbncnpw. bmsXmcp c
m[nImcnsbbpw klmbnsbbpw Ah Is
pIbn. AhcpsS apJ \cIn Iogv
ta adnsSp Znhkw. Ah ]dbpw: R
Amlpshbpw dkqens\bpw A\pkcnncp
sn F{X \mbncpts\! Ah ]dbpw:
371
RfpsS cnXmth, R RfpsS t\Xm

amscbpw {]apJamscbpw A\pkcnpI
bpw, As\ Ah Rsf hgnsXnpI bp
amWpmbXv. RfpsS cnXmth, Ahv
\o cncn in \IpIbpw Ahv \o h
im]w G]npIbpw sNWta ( Fpw Ah
]dbpw)' (Alvkm_v:64(68)
5 Im]Syw

)

( :( )
"I]ShnizmknIpw I]Shnizmkn\nIpw,
kXy\ntj[nIpw Amlp \cImKv\n hmKvZm
\w sNbvXncnpp. AhcXn \nXyhmknIfm
bncnpw. AhXp aXn. Amlp Ahsc i]n
pIbpw sNbvXncnpp. Ahv kvYncamb
inbpmbncnpXmWv.' (Xu_:68)
6 Almcw
( :( )
"Fm \psS ZrjvSmsf \ntj[np X

pIbpw, AhbpsS t\sc Almcw \SnpI
bpw sNpXmtcm AhcmWv \cImhIminI.
372
Ah AXn \nXyhmknIfmbncnpw.' (AAvdm

^v:36)
\cI {]thi\n\v ImcWamIp ]m]

hnipJpB\pw Xncpkppw ]cntim
[nm \cIn {]thinnsSp [mcmfw
]m] ImWphm km[npXmWv. Hmtcm
pw Bbpw lZokpw Dcnv sImv ]dbpI
bmsWn AXv Xs Hcp {Kamtn hcp
XmWv. AXpsImv B ]m] GsXmam
sWv alm\mbncp Camw C_v\pXoan: Hcp
tNmZyn\v Dcambn Xs 222
Fn ]dbppv. AXv am{Xw ChnsS tNs.
\cIn t]mIp I: (Amlp
hn ]vtN, {]hmNImsc IfhmpI,
kXy\ntj[w, Akqb, Ifhv, h\, A{Iaw,
tO {]h\, NXn, IpSpw_ _w apdn
, [kacn \nv t]SntmSpI, ]nip
v, Zpc`nam\hpw Almchpw, \nImcy
Dt]n, Amlphns \nbafn
AXncv IS, Ahs \njn AhKWn
pI, temIam\yn\v thn {]hn,
JpB\n\pw kpn\pw FXncv {]hn,
krmhns\ [ncnv sImv krnIsf A\pk
373
cnpI,\ncIXvthn hmZnpI, Amlp

hns Zrmsf ]cnlknpI, kXys \n
cmIcnpI, kXys adv shpI, amcWw, am
Xm]nXmsf [ncnpI, AhImiw IqSmsX
Amlp \njnamnb a\pjysc h[npI, A
\mYcpsS kzv A\lambn cq]n `np
I, ]eni XnpI, bpn \nv ]nXncnv
HmSpI, A{icmb ]XnhrXIsf kw_nv A
]hmZw ]dv ]cpI). CXpt]mse hnipJp
B\pw Xncpkppw \njnamsWv ]dn
p Imcyfpw, sNbvXnIfpw \cIn t]m
Iphm ImcWambn XocpXmWv. AXvsImv X
s Amlphpw Ahs {]hmNI\pw GsXmw
Imcy sNphm \tmSv I]nnptm
AXv PohnXn ]IpIbpw, GsXmw Im
cyfn \nv hnv \nphm D]tZinnp
tm AXn \nv hnv \npIbpw sNpI. F
n \cIn \nv tamNnphm\pw, kzKn
{]thinphm\pw km[yambn XocpXmWv.
kzKn {]thinphcpsS IqsS Amlp
\s {]thinnpamdmhs. Bao.
\cInemsWv JpB hyIXambn ]dh
Nne hynI \cInemsWv JpB
\pw Xncpkppw hyambn Xs ]dn
374
cnpp. Ahbn Nne sXfnhpI am{Xw Nph

sS sImSps.

( :( )
"kXy\ntj[nIv DZmlcWambn \qlns `m

cysbbpw, eqXzns `mcysbbpw Amlp CXm
FSppImWnncnpp. Ah cpt]cpw \p
sS Zmkamcn s] kZvhrcmb cv Zmk
amcpsS Iognembncpp. Fnv Ahsc cp t]
scbpw Ch hnp Ifp. Atm Amlp
hns inbn \nv bmsXmpw Ah cp
t]cpw Chv HgnhmnsImSpn. \n c
pt]cpw \cIn ISphtcmsSmw IS
psImpI Fv ]dbsSpIbpw sNbvXp'
(Xlvcow:10).
( ) ( ) )
( )
( )

(-:)
"A_qel_ns CcpssIIfpw \inncnpp.

Ah \miaSbpIbpw sNbvXncnpp. Ahs
[\tam Ah kmZnpshtXm Ah\p D]Im
csn. XoPzmeIfp \cImKv\nbn Ah
375
{]thinpXmWv. hndIpNpapImcnbmb Ah
s `mcybpw. AhfpsS Igpn Cu\\m
(4)
cpsImp Hcp Ibdpmbncnpw.' (akZv:1-
( ( )

A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv: \_n() ]dp:

(Awdp_v\p Bandp_v\p epsslsb \cIn
Atlns IpSepIsfmw ]pdv NmSn Id
nsmncnpXmbn Rm Ip, Atlam
Wv BZyambn arKs Amlphmhv
t\bmnhnXv) (_pJmcn).

( ( )

ApmC_v\p Awdv() {]hmNI()bn \n

v: Hcp Znhkw {]hmNI() \akvImcs
kw_nv ]dbpIbpmbn: (Bscnepw AXv
kqnpIbmsWn AXh\v ]ctemIv {]
Imihpw, sXfnhpw, cbpambncnpw, Bscn
epw AXns\ kqnpnmsbn AXh\v {]
Imitam, sXfnthm, ctbm BhpIbn, am{Xa
376
Ans\bph Jmdq\nsbpw, ^nHu\n

sbpw, lmam\nsbpw, D_v_v\p Je^ns
bpw IqsSbmbncnpw) (AlaZv)
a\pjycne[nIhpw \cInembncnpw
a\pjycn A[nIt]cpw \cInembncn

pw, ImcWw Ah {]hmNIamsc ]n]pI
tbm, AhcpsS {]t_m[\ntev sNhn sImSp
pItbm sNmsX ]nimNns Zpt_m[\n\v
hiwhZcmbn PohnpXv ImcWm Xs.
bYm hnizmknbmbm am{Xsa Ah kzK
n t]mhpIbpq. Fm JpB ]dbp
Xv a\pjycn `qcn`mKhpw hnizmknIfmhpI
bnmsbmWv. JpB ]dbpXv t\mq

( :( )
)
"Fm \o AXnbmbn B{Klnmepw a\pjycn

A[nIt]cpw hnizknphc.' (bqkp
^v:103)

( :( )
)
"Xobmbpw Xs [mcW icnbmsWv C_v

eokv Ahcn sXfnbnp. As\ Ah Ah
s\ ]npSp. Hcp kwLw kXyhnizmkn
IsfmgnsI' (k_Av:20).
377
F{Xtbm hnimeXbpw, Bghpap \cIs

]]nimNpsf sImpw, B ]nimNpsf ]n
nbhscsmpw \ndpsamWv Amlp ]d
bpXv:

( )(:
)
"\nsbpw Ahcn \nv \ns ]npS apgp

h t]scbpw sImv Rm \cIw \ndpI X
)s sNpw.' (kzmZv:85
\_n() \s ]TnnpXv a\pjycn
Bbncw t]cn Hcm am{Xsa kzKn {]th
inpIbpq, Ahtijnp sXmmbncn
sXmqn H]Xv t]cpw \cInembncnpsa
mWv. B lZokv Hv tIq
378

( ( )

A_qkCuZp JpZvcn()hn \nv: {]hmNI

() ]dbpIbpmbn: (Amlp XBe ]d
p: Atbm BZw, Atm BZw ]dp; hn
fnpcw \Ipp, \nnemWv Fm \bpw
IpSnsImpXv. Atm Amlp ]dp: \o
\cIhmknIsf ]pdv sImphcnI. Atm
BZw tNmZnp: FmWv \cIhmknI? ]d
p: Fm Bbncn \npw sXmmbncn
sXmqn H]Xv t]cmIpp. AhnsS IpnI
t]mepw \cvt]mIpXmWv. (K`hXnbmb G
sXmcp kv{Xobpw Xs K`nepXv {]khnp
t]mIpIbpw sNpw. P\sf ap]nSnhcmbn
\n\v ImWpIbpw sNmw. (bYmXvYn)
Ah elcn _m[nhc. ]s, Amlphns
in ITn\amIpp) {]hmNIsc, Rfn B
cmbncnpw B Hcm? ]dp: ktmjnpI!
\nfn Hcm, bAvPqPv aAvPqPn \nv B
bncw t], ]ns ]dp: Fs BXvamhv Bcp
sS InemtWm Ah XsbmW kXyw! kzK
nse \mensemv \nfmbncnphm Rm
B{Klnpp, Atm R Amlp AIv
_ Fv ]dp, Atm hopw ]dbpIbp
379
mbn: kzKnse aqnsemv \nfmbncnp

hm Rm\mbncnpp, Atm R
Amlp AIv_ Fv ]dbpIbpmbn. hopw
]dbpIbpmbn: kzKnse ]IpXnbmfpIfpw
\nfmbnphm Rm B{Klnpp, Atm
gpw R Amlp AIv_ Fv ]dbpIbp
mbn. B kabw \_n ]dp: P\fn \n
Hcp Idp ImfbpsS icocnep shfp
tcmaw t]mse, Asn shfp ImfbpsS
icocnep Idp tcmaw t]msebmsX
Bbncnn) (_pJmcn).
A[nIhpw kv{XoI
km[n\mY\mb ]S Xpcm \_n
()v [mcmfw apAvPnkpI \Inbnpv.
AXn s]XmWv {]hmNI\v hyXy k`
fn kzKhpw \cIhpw ZinspshXv.
B Zi\n \nv dkqepmlv() ]Tnnp
Xv \cInse A[nIt]cpw kv{XoIfmWv, A
Xpt]mse kzKn hfsc Ipdhv kv{XoIfm
sWv. ImcWw FmsWv {]hmNIt\mSv kz
lm_nI tNmZntm ]dXv: A[nI kv{Xo
Ifpw Xs `mhv sNbvXv sImSpp A\p{K
lsfbpw, tkh\sfbpw \ntj[nphcm
380
Wv AXvsImmWv Ah \cIn {]thinp

hm ImcWw. PohnXns apgph taJeIfn
epw Fmhn[ kpJkuIcyfpw sNbvXvsImSp
nv GsXnepw Hcp k`n Fsnepw
sNbvXv sImSpphm km[nmsX hcptm
Ah ]dbpw: \n FmWv PohnXn F
\nv sNbvXv XXv Fv tNmZnpIbpw AXvh
sc sNbvX apgph Imcysfbpw \ntj[np
hcmbn \apv ImWmw. CmcWmemWv \cI
n A[nI kv{XoIfpw {]thinphm Imc
Ww. Hcp lZokv t\mpI:

( ( )
Cwdm_v\p lpssk() {]hmNI()bn

\nv Dcnpp: (Rm kzKntev Fn
t\mpIbpmbn, Atm AXn A[nIambn
Rm IXv Zcn{ZscbmIpp, AXpt]mse \cI
ntev Rm Fnt\mpIbpmbn AXn
A[nIhpw F\nv ImWm km[nXv kv{XoIsf
bmIpp) (_pJmcn).
381

(( )
C_v\p Amkv()hn \nv: \_n() ]dp:

(F\nv \cIw ImWnsp, AtmgXm AXn
se \nhmknIfne[nIhpw kv{XoIfmIpp, Ah
\ntj[npp. tNmZnsp: AmlphnemtWm
Ah \ntj[nIfmhpXv? ]dp: IpSpw_n
epw, \bnepamWv Ah \ntj[nIfmhpXv, A
hcnsemcphfntev Imew apgph\pw \ \In,
XpSstmsgnepw \nn \nh hXpw
Im Ah ]dbpw: \nfn \nv Rm
Hcp \bpw CXvhsc In) (_pJmcn)
hnimeamb A\p{Klntev aSpI

ki\mb ]SXpcm hnimeamb
ImcpWyns DSabmb dlvam\pw dloapamWv.
]ca ImcpWnI\pw, IcpWmhmcn[nbpamWv. Ah
s\ A\pkcnphpw, A\pkcnmh
pw Hcpt]mse ImcpWyw sNmcnbph\mWh
. AXvsImv sXpIfpw ]m]fpw sNbvXvt]m
bh Ahs hnimeamb ImcpWyntev aS
pIbpw, ]mXm]npIbpw sNpIbmsWn
F{X ]m]fpsnepw Ah s]mdpv X
382
cpXmWv. BImifnse taL IWt,

kap{Znse \pc]XI IWt sXpIfpw, ]m
]fpw sNbvXm Ah\n ]vtNmh\m
bn, ]mXm]ns a\kpambnmWv Amlphn
s\ IpappsXn A{Xbpw ]m]tamN\hp
ambn Amlp Ah\ntev hcpXmWv. cm{Xnbn
]m]w sNphcpsS ]m]tamN\n\mbn ]
Ienepw, ]Ien sXp sNphcpsS ]m]tamN
\n\mbn cm{Xnbpw Xs ssI \onbncnpp
shv \_n() ]dbpXmbn lZokpIfn Im
Wmw. AXvsImv ssZhnI ImcpWyn \mw H
cnepw \ncmicmhmXncnpI. F{X ]m]w sNbv
Xmepw Aht\mSv ]m]tamN\w tXSpI. A)m{Xsa
\cI inbn \nv csSphm\p amK
samq. Amlp ]dbpXv {inpI:
(: ( )
"]dbpI: kzw BXvamtfmSv AXn{Iaw {]h

nv t]mb Fs Zmkamtc, Amlphns
ImcpWysn \n \ncmisScpXv. Xo
bmbpw Amlp ]m]sfmw s]mdppXmWv.
Xobmbpw Ah XsbmIpp Gsd s]mdp
ph\pw IcpWm\n[nbpw' (kpa: 53).
383
(: ( )

"\ntmSv Fs Zmkam Fsn tNmZnm

Rm (Ahv Ghpw) ASpph\mIpp
(Fv ]dbpI.) {]mXvYnph Fs hnfnv
{]mXvYnm Rm B {]mXvY\bvv Dcw
\IpXmWv. AXpsImv Fs Blzm\w A
h kzoIcnpIbpw, Fn Ah hnizknp
Ibpw sNs. Ah t\hgn {]m]nphm
thnbmWnXv' (A_Jd:186).

):
)
(
kam\p ^mcnkn()bn \nv \nthZ\w: {]

hmNIXncpta\n() ]dbpIbpmbn: (Amlp
ePPnph\pw, DZmc\pamWv, Hcp ASna
Amlphntev ssII Dbn {]mnnv
Hpw \ImsX Ah aSpIsbXv Ah
ePPnp ImcyamWv.) (XnanZn)

:
)
( ( )
384
A_qaqkm()hn \nv; \_n\ ]dbpIbpm

bn: (]Ien sXv sNphcpsS ]mm]w
kzoIcnphm\mbn DX\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb
Amlp cm{Xnbn Xs ssII \onbncnp
p, cm{Xnbn sXp sNphcpsS ]mm]w
kzoIcnphm\mbn ]Ienepw Xs ssII \on
bncnpp. ]Snmdn \nv kqcy DZnp
Xvhsc CXv XpSvsImncnpXmWv) (apkv
enw)

( ( )
A_qZcvdv() ]dp: dkqepmlv() ]dp:

DX\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb Amlp ]dbpp:
(Bscnepw Hcp \ sNpIbmsWn Ah\v
AXvt]mse ]ncnbmpw, Asn AXnt\
m Ccnpw, Bscnepw Hcp Xn sNbvXm
Ah\v AXvt]mse Hcp Xn tcJsSppw, A
sn AXv s]mdpv sImSppw, Bscnepw
Fn Hcp Nm ASpvhm Ah\ntev
Hcp apgw Rm ASppw, Bscnepw Hcp apgw
385
FtmSSpm Ah\ntev Rm AXnt\m

IqSpX ASppXmWv, Bscnepw Fn
tev \Sv hm Rm\h\ntev HmSn hcp
XmWv, Bscnepw Fn ]v tNmsX `qan
\ndsb ]m]hpambn hm AXpt]mse ]m]
tamN\hpambn Rm\hs\ IpappXmWv)
(apkvenw)
Amlphnt\mSv Bscnepw ]m]tamN\w
\Snbm Ah\pmIp ktmjs {]hm
NI() Hcp DZmlcWneqsS hniZampp:
( ( )
A\kv_v\p amenIv()hn \nv; dkqepmlv

() ]dp: (Hcp ASna ]mXm]npXv Imc
Ww Amlp AXy[nIw ktmjnpp, \n
fn Bscnepw Aht\mSv ]mXm]nptmgp
mIp ktmjw, Hcm hml\pdv acp`q
anbneqsS bm{Xt]mIp thfbn Xs `W
386
hpw shhpap hml\w \sSpIbpmbn,

Hcp]mSv At\zjnp, IpInmsX \ncmi\mbn H
cp acWen hn{ianp. Ans\ AhnsS \n
pw Fgptptm Xs hml\w apn
\npXmbnmWv ImWpXv. Atlw AXn
s ISnm ]nSnpIbpw, ktmjm[nIy
m Amlpsh \o Fs ASnabpw, Rm \n
s cnXmhpamWv Fv ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp,
ktmjm[nIym Atln\v sXp]pI
bmWv sNbvXXv. CXpt]msebmWv Amlphn\v
ktmjapmIpI) (apkvenw)
( ( )
A_qlpdbvdhn \nv \nthZ\w: {]hmNIXncp

ta\n() ]dp: (DX\mb \psS cnXmhv
Fm cm{XnbpsSbpw Ahkm\ aqnsemv Ah
tijnptm Zpbmhnse BImitv Cd
pp. Fnv BcmWv FtmSv {]mnpXv
Ah\v Rm Dcw \Imw, BcmWv FtmSv
tNmZnpXv Ah\v Rm \Imw, BcmWv F
tmSv ]m]w tamN\w tXSpXv Ah\v Rm ]m
387
]w s]mdpv sImSpmw Fv ]dbpp) (_pJm

cn, apkvenw)
F{X ]m] sNbvXmepw Amlphnt\m
Sv {]mnpI, Ah \apv s]mdpp Xcp
XmWv. F{Xam{Xw Amlphnt\mSv \mw tNmZnp
ptm A{Xam{Xw Ah\v \tmSv Cambncn
pw. Ahs hnimeamb A\p{Klntev k
qWambn {]thinpI.
kzw
krmhns\ AwKoIcnpIbpw, Ahs
\nba PohnXn ]IpIbpw, AXn\
\pkcnv PohnpIbpw, apkvenambn acnpIbpw
sNbvXhv ]ctemIv e`np A\p{Kl
fpsS tJZmcamWv kzKw. Hcp Ipw ImWm,
Hcp ImXpw tIm, Hcp a\knepw Nnn
phm Ignbm A\p{Klns `h\amWv
kzKw. AXn sNdnb Hcp ew e`npXv
t]mepw BImi`qanIfpw AXnep apgph\pw
e`npXn\v XpeyamWv.
388

( ( )
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv: dkqepmlv() ]

dp: (Amlp ]dp: kZvhrcmb Fs
ASnaIv Rm Hcp Ipw ImWm, Hcp sN
hnbpw tIm, Hcp a\pjysbpw lrZb
n DZnnnmXpambXv Hcpnbncnpp.
\n Dtinpsn CXpIqSn ]mcmbWw
sNpI: IIpfnnp Fsmw Imcy
fmWv Ahv thn clkyamnshsnp
XvFv Hcmpw AdnbmhpX) (_pJmcn)
kzKw kam[m\nsbpw, imnbpsS
bpw tKlamWv, AhnsS kam[m\w am{Xtabpm
hpIbpq. Amlp ]dbpp:
( : ( )
)
"Ahv AhcpsS cnXmhns ASp kam

[m\ns `h\apv. Ah AhcpsS cm[n
Imcnbmbncnpw. Ah {]hnncpXns
êas{X AXv' (ABw:127).
AhnsS Ftmgpw kam[m\ambncnpXm
Wv. kzK{]thinhv Ah DtinpsX
mw e`npXmWv. Amlp ]dbpp:
389
(*) )
(:)
"(AhtcmSv ]dbsSpw:) kam[m\]qw \nf

Xn {]thinv sImpI. imizXhmkn\p
ZnhkamIpp AXv. AhhnsS Dtinp
sXpw Dmbncnpw. \psS ]emIs IqSp
Xembn ]eXpapv.' (Jm^v:34,35)
kz {]thi\w
kzK {]thi\n\lcmbhv kzK
n ISphm\mbn AXns hmXnepI ae
s XpdsSpIbmWv. Amlp ]dbpp:

(: ( )
"XfpsS cnXmhns\ kqnp Pohnh kz

Kntev IqwIqambn \bnsSpw. A
s\ AXns IhmS Xqdv shs \nebn
Ah AXnSpv hcptm AhtcmSv AXn
s Imhm ]dbpw: \nv kam[m\w.
\n kwipcmbncnpp. AXn\m \nXyhm
knIsf \nebn \n AXn {]thinp
sImpI' (kpa:73).
BZyamZyw {]thinph
390

( ( )

A\kv_v\pamenIv()hn \nv; dkqepmlv

() ]dp: ({]hmNIamcn Ghpw IqSpX
A\pbmbnIfpambn Ahkm\ \mfn hcp
Xv Rm\mbncnpw, kzKns hmXn BZyam
bn appXv Rm\mbncnpw) (apkvenw)

( ( )
A\kv_v\p amenIv()hn \nv: dkqepmlv

() ]dp: (Ahkm\\mfn kzK IhmSn
Rm hcpw, AXv Xpdphm\mhiysSpw.
Imhmc tNmZnpw: \o BcmWv? Atm
Rm ]dbpw: aplZmIpp. Atm ]dbpw:
\n\v thn Rm I]nsnpv. \n\v
apv Bpthnbpw Rm Xpdnn)
(apkvenw)
(( )...
391

p: \mw Ahkm\ kaqlamWv, Ahkm\ \mfn
BZys kapZmbw \mamIpp, BZyambn
kzKn {]thinph \mamIpp)
(apkvenw)

)
:

(( )


p: (Pn_vco() FsbSpv hv Fs
ssI]nSnvsImv Fs kapZmbw {]thinp
kzK IhmSw ImWnv XcnIbpmbn. Atm
A_q_ ]dbpIbpmbn: Amlphns {]
hmNIsc, AXntev t\mphm\mbn Xmtfm
sSmw Rm\pw IqsSbpmhm B{Klnpp.
Atm {]hmNI() ]dbpIbpmbn: A
tbm A_q_ Xmfmbncnpw Fs kapZm
bn BZyambn kzKn {]thinpXv)
(A_qZmhqZv)
hnNmcW IqSmsX...
392
Ahkm\ {]hmNI\mb aplZv()bpsS

kapZmbn Fgp]Xn\mbncamfpI hnNmcW
IqSmsX kzKn {]thinpXmWv. Ahcp
sS kz`mhhpw {]hmNI() \apv hnhcnv
Xcppv. B lZokv ImWpI:

( )(

C_v\p Amkv() ]dp: \_n() ]dbpp:

F\nv kapZmbsf {]ZinnsSpIbpm
bn, Hmtcm \_namcpsS IqsSbpw kapZmbw \Sv
\ t]mIpp. Hcp \_nbpsS IqsS Hcm, asmcp
_nbpsS IqsS ]mfpI, thsdsbmcp \_n
bpsS IqsS AmfpI, Hcp {]hmNI Hv
t]mIpp, Rm t\mptm [mcmfw Idpv
393
ImWpIbpmbn. Atm Pn_vcoent\mSv Rm

tNmZnp: Ch Fs kapZmbamtWm? Atlw
]dp: A. Fm \o apIfntev t\mpI,
Atm Rm t\mn; AtmgXm hnimeamb
Idpv Rm ImWpp. ]dp: AhcmWv \ns
kapZmbw, AhcpsS apnep Fgp]Xn\mbncam
fpI Ahv hnNmcWbpw, inbpan. A
tm Rm tNmZnp: FpsImmWv? Pn_vco
]dp: Ah NqSv shmhcpw, a{nm
BhiysSmhcpw, iIp\w t\mmhcp
amWv. Ah AhcpsS cnXmhn `cta]np
hcmWv. Atm Dmi_v\p apAvkzn Fgp
tvsImv {]hmNIt\mSv Atls AXn
DsSpphm\mbn {]mnphm ]dp.
Atm Xncpta\n {]mnp: Amlpsh, At
ls Ahcn DsSptWta. ]noSv asm
cm Fgptv ]dbpIbpmbn: Fsbpw Ah
cn DsSpphm\mbn Xm {]mnmepw.
{]hmNI() ]dp: Xmsf Dmi apIS
ncnpp) (_pJmcn)
Zcn{Z apISpp
ktcm kzKn BZyambn Zcn
{ZcmWv {]thinpIsbv dkq() \s ]Tn
npXv t\mpI:
394
( ( )
ApmC_v\pAwdp_v\p Bkzv()hn \nv;

dkqepmlv() ]dbpXmbn Rm tIpI
bpmbn: aplmPndpIfn s] Zcn{Z [\nItc
m \m]Xv hjs hgnZqcw apv kzK
n {]thinpXmWv. Ah ]dp: R
anmdpmbncpp, Hpw Xs BtcmSpw
tNmZnmdpmbncpn) (apkvenw).
kzKw imizXw

)
()(

( : ( )
"Xobmbpw hnizknpIbpw kI
{]hnpIbpw sNbvXhcmtcm Ahv k
mcw \Im\pXmIpp kzKtmpI.
AhcXn \nXyhmknIfmbncnpw. AXn \nv
hnv amdm Ah B{KlnpIbn' (AIAv
^v:107,108).
kzK IhmS
kzKn\v [mcmfw IhmSfpv, Nne
Bcm[\I sNbvXhv {]tXyIw IhmSneq
395
sS kzKntev t]mImhpXmWv. JpB

]dbpXv t\mpI:

( : ( )

"Ahv thn IhmS Xpdpshnp

kvYnchmkns kzKtmpI' (kzmZv:50).

( :( )
"XfpsS cnXmhns\ kqnp Pohnh kz

Kntev IqwIqambn \bnsSpw. A
s\ AXns IhmS Xqdv shs \nebn
Ah AXnSpv hcptm AhtcmSv AXn
s Imhm ]dbpw: \nv kam[m\w.
\n kwipcmbncnpp. AXn\m \nXyhm
knIsf \nebn \n AXn {]thinp
sImpI' (kpa:73).
()
kAv_v\p kAZv()hn \nv; \_n() ]dbp

Ibpmbn: (kzKn\v Fv hmXnepIfpv, A
Xn Hcp hmXnen\v dm Fv ]dbpp, AXn
eqsS
t\mpImcmsX
{]thinpIbn)
(_pJmcn)
396

(

()

bpIbpmbn; (Amlphns amKn Bsc
nepw cv CWIsf (jv ]mv, Imf ]ip F
ns\ CWIfmbn NnehgnpI) Nnehgnm
kzKns IhmSn \nv hnfnv ]dbpw:
Hm, Amlphns ASnasb CXv \bmIpp,
Bscnepw \akvImcmcpsS IqnemsWn
Ah \akvImcns hmXnen \npw hn
fnsSpp, Bscnepw PnlmZnsbmfpIfpsS
IqnemsWn Ahs\ PnlmZns hmXnen
\npw hnfnsSpp, Bscnepw t\mpImcp
sS IqnemsWn Ahs\ dm F hm
Xnen \npw hnfnsSpp, Bscnepw Zm\[
w sNphcpsS IqnemsWn Ahs
397
kzZJbpsS hmXnen \npw hnfnsSpp. A

tm A_q_ tNmZnp; {]hmNIsc, Xm
Fs amXmhpw ]nXmhpamIpp, B hmXnepIsf
mw Ahlambhsc hnfn A\nhmcyam
tWm, AXpt]mse Fm hmXnepIfn \npw
hnfnsSphcpmIptam? ]dp: AsX, Xm
Ahcn DsSphm Rm B{Klnp
p) (_pJmcn)
kzK Xmtm
kzKn\v Xmtmepv, B Xmtm
kXykmyhN\amb AmlphmsX Bcm[
\l\mbn amcpans XmIpp. BcmtWm
Cu kXy kmyhN\w a\kdnpsImv ]d
bpIbpw, AXn\\pkcnv PnhnpIbpw sNp
Xv Ah\v kzK ImhmS Xpdphm km[n
pXmWv. _pJmcnbn C{]Imcw ImWmhp
XmWv:

( ( )
hl_v_v\p
ap\nAvt\mSv
tNmZnsp:
(AmlphmsX Bcm[\l\mbn amcpan
398
m)sb hN\w kzKns Xmtmet? ]d

p: AsX, ]t, Hmtcm Xmtmen\pw AXn
tXmb ]pIfpmhpw. AXvsImv AXntXm
b ]pIfp Xmtmepambn hm AXv Xpd
pXmWv, Amsbn \n\Xv XpdsSpI
bn) (_pJmcn).
kznse av
A\amb A\p{KlfpsS tJZmcamb
kzKnse ans\ kw_nv {]hmNI()
\apv Adnbnp XcpXv {inpI:

( ( )
A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv; dkqepmlv()tbmSv

R kzKs kw_npw AXnse sInS
sf kw_npw Adnbnv Xcphm Bhiy
sp, Atm ]dbpIbpmbn: (Hcp CnI kz
Ww sImmsWn cmas CnI shn
sImmIpp, AXnse IpI appIfpw ]hn
gfpamWv, AXnse av hkpw(kpKap
a \ndnep Hcp sNSnbmWv), Ippahpam
399
Ipp. Bscnepw B kzKn {]thinm

Ah imizXambncnpw, AhnsS acWan. aSp
\p`hsSm cq]n A\p{Kl e`nv
sImncnpw, AhcpsS bphXzw \inpIbn,
AhcpsS hkv{X IodntmhpIbpan.) (Alv
aZv)
kz \ZnI
kzKob BcmafnA\p{Klns ]q
oIcWsatmWw [mcmfw \ZnIfpv. AXn
s\ kw_nv JpB a\pjysc HmsSp
pp:
( : ( )
"(\_ntb,) hnizknpIbpw kI {]h

npIbpw sNbvXhv Xmgv`mKvIqSn \Zn
I HgpIp kzKtmpI e`nphm\ps
v ktmjhm AdnbnpI. AXnse Hmtcm
hn`hhpw `nphm\mbn \IsSptm, C
Xn\v apv Rv \IsXv XsbmWtm
CXpw Fmbncnpw Ah ]dbpI. (hmkvXh
n) ]ckv]c kmZriyap \nebn AXh
v \IsSpIbmWpmbXv.]cnipcmb CW
400
Ifpw AhhnsS Dmbncnpw. Ah AhnsS

\nXyhmknIfmbncnpIbpw sNpw' (A_J
d:25).
(:( )

"(\_ntb,) ]dbpI: AXns\m (B CltemI

kpJsfm) \nv KpWIcambnpXv
Rm ]dpXcstbm? kqvaX ]menhv
XfpsS cnXmhns ASp Xmgv`mKp
IqSn AcphnI HgpInsmncnp kzK
tmpIfpv. Ah AhnsS \nXyhmknIfmbn
cnpw. ]cnipcmb CWIfpw ( Ahpmbn
cnpw.)IqSmsX Amlphns{]oXnbpw. Amlp
Xs ZmkamcpsS Imcy Idnbph\m
Ipp' (BepCwdm:15) .
(...

()
\_n() AdnbnpIbpmbn: Xncpta\n \mev

\ZnIsf ImWpIbpmbn, AXns D`h m
401
\v \nv {]Xyamb cv \ZnIfpw, tKm]y

amb cv \ZnIfpw ]pdsSpp. Atm Rm
Pn_vcoent\mSv tNmZnp: Cu \ZnI GXmIpp?
]dp: tKm]yamb cv \ZnI kzKnse c
v \ZnIfmIpp, Fm {]Xyamb cv \Zn
I s\bn \Znbpw, bq{]okv \ZnbpamIp
p) (apkvenw)
( ( )


bpIbpmbn: (ssklm, ssPlm, ^pdmv,
s\bn Fnh kzKnse \ZnIfmIpp) (ap
kvenw)

( : ( )

(kqvaXbphv hmKvZm\w sNsnp
kzKns AhkvY Fs\sbm AXn

]I hcm shns AcphnIfpv. cpNn
t`Zw hcm ]mens AcphnIfpw, IpSnph
v BkzmZyamb aZyns AcphnIfpw, ipo
402
Icns tX\ns AcphnIfpapv. Ah

Xn FmXcw ImbvI\nIfpapv. XfpsS c
nXmhn \np ]m]tamN\hpapv. (Cu
kzKhmknIfpsS AhkvY) \cIn \nXy
hmknbmbnphs\tmse Bbncnptam? A
cmmIs sImSpw NqSp shambncn
pw IpSnm \IsSpI. As\ AXv Ah
cpsS IpSepIsf On`namnfbpw) (apl
Zv:15).
kzob AcphnI

(:( )
)
"Xobmbpw kqvaX ]menh (kzKn)

XWepIfnepw AcphnInSbnepamIpp' (A
apkemv:41).

(:( )
)
"Xobmbpw kqvaX ]menh tXmfnepw

AcphnIfnepambncnpw' (lnPv:45).

)
( )

(:( )

"Xobmbpw ]pWyhmam (kzKn) Hcp

]m\]m{Xn \nv IpSnpXmWv. AXns
tNcph Iqcambncnpw. Amlphns Zmk
403
am IpSnp Hcp Ddhp shas{X AXv. Ahc

Xv s]mnsmgpnsmWvSncnpw' (Ckm:5,6).

() ( )
)

( )
( )

()
( )

(22-28 :( )
"Xobmbpw kpIrXhmam kpJm\p`hn

Xsbmbncnpw. tkmÎfnencpv Ah t\m
nsmncnpw. AhcpsS apJfn kpJm
\p`hns Xnfw \n\dnbmw. ap{Zshs
ipamb aZyn \nv Ahv IpSnm \
IsSpw. AXns ap{Z IkvXqcnbmbncnpw.
hmin ImWnph AXn\v thn hmin ImWn
s. AXnse tNcph Xkv\ow Bbncnpw. A
XmbXv kmao]yw knnh IpSnp Hcp Ddhv
Pew' (apXz^vô:2228).
kzob tKl
kzKobhmknIv Xmaknphm\mbn
Amlp [mcmfw hoSpI kamnbncnpp
kzKn, AXns\ Ipdnv JpB ]dbpXv
\mw {inpI:
404

(:( )
"kXyhnizmknIpw kXyhnizmkn\nIpw
Xmgv`mKv IqSn AcphnI HgpIp kzK
tmpI Amlp hmKvZm\w sNbvXncnpp.
Ah AXn \nXyhmknIfmbncnpw. kvYnchm
kn\p tXmfn hninjvSamb ]mnS
fpw (hmKvZm\w sNbvXncnpp.) Fm
Amlphn \np {]oXnbmWv Ghpw hep
Xv. AXs{X almb hnPbw' (Xu_:72).

(: ( )
"]s, XfpsS cnXmhns\ kqnv Pohn

hcmtcm AhmWv tapta XpIfmbn
\nansnp aWntaSIfpXv. AhbpsS
Xmgv`mKp IqSn AcphnI HgpInsImncnp
p. Amlphns hmKvZm\as{X AXv. Amlp
hmKvZm\w ewLnpIbn' (kpa:20).
405

(( )
Aenv()hn \nv: \_n() ]dbpIbpmbn:

(kzKn Nne dqapIfpv, AXns ]pdw `m
Kw AXns D`mKv \nv ImWmhpXmWv,
AXns D`mKw AXns ]pdv \npw ImWm
hpXmWv. Atm Hcp {KmaoW tNmZnp:
{]hmNIsc, AXv BmIpp? ]dp: Bcm
tWm hmpI \mpXv, `Ww `nn
pXv, ]Xnhmbn t\m\pnpXv, P\
Ddptm cm{Xnbn Amlphn\v thn \a
kvIcnph AhmIpp) (kzlolp
PmanDzKo)

(( )...

A_q_dp_v\p ApmC_v\p ssJkv A

Aicn() Xs ]nXmhn \nv; \_n() ]p:
(kzKnse) sSpI \ DWnb appI
sImmIpp, Acon AXns \ofw
apXv ssaemIpp, AXns Fm ]mizfn
epw hnizmknIv hopImcpv, Ahsc amcpw
ImWpIbn) (_pJmcn)
406
...
)

(

()
ApmC_v\p A_q Hu^() ]dp: dkqep

mlv() ]dbpIbpmbn: ( oWhpw, {]
bmkhpanm, No isfmpanm, D
Wnb ]hng sImp Hcp hoSv kzK
n Dssv JZoPsb ktmj hm
AdnbnpI) (_pJmcn)
( ( )
Pm_ndp_v\p Apmlv() \nthZ\w sNpp;

\_n() ]dp: F\nv Hcp kz]v\w ImWn
sSpIbpmbn; Rm kzKn {]thinp,
AtmgXm kzKn A_qXzlbpsS `mcy
dpssak AhnsS \npp, Rm HcmfpsS Im
eSn iw tIpIbpmbn, Rm tNmZnp:
BcmWXv, ]dp: AXv _nememWv, Rms\mcp
407
sImmcw ImWpIbpmbn: AXns apv ]cn

NmcnIamcpv, Rm tNmZnp: BmWXv, ]d
p: AXv Dadn\mWv, Rm\Xn {]thinphm
Dtinp, Ans\ Atlntev t\mn, A
ns\ Rm AbpsS A`nam\ t_m[w Rm
Hmpt]mbn, Atm Da ]dp: Fs
amXmhpw ]nXmhpw AbmWv {]hmNIsc, A
sXncmtWm
Rm
Kodph\mIpXv)
(_pJmcn)
( ( )

C_v\p Amkv()hn \nv; \_n() ]dbpI

bpmbn: (Bscnepw Amlphn\v thn Hcp
]n \nnm AXv Hcp IpcphnbpsS IqSns
b{X sNdpXmsWnepw icn Ah\v Amlp
kzKn Hcp hoSv \nnv sImSppXmWv)
(AlvaZv)

( ( )

408
Dpl_o_() \_n()bpsS `mcybn \nv,

Ah ]dp: \_n() ]dbpXmbn Rm tI
pIbpmbn: apkvenamb Hcm Fm Znhk
hpw \nam ]{v dIAv kpv
\akvIcnpIbmsWn Ah\v AXptJ\
Amlp kzKn Hcp hoSv \nnv sImSp
mXncnn. Asn kzKn Hcp hoSv A
h\v \nnsSmXncnn. Dp l_n_ ]d
p: AXn\v tijw Rm AXv \akvIcnv sIm
tbncpp, Awdv ]dp: CXn\v tijw Rm\pw
AXv \akvIcnpsImtbncpp, \pAvam\pw
CXpt]mse ]dp) (_pJmcn)
kzob hr

( ( )

A_qkCuZp JpZvcn()hn \nv \nthZ\w; \

_n() ]dp: (Xobmbpw kzKn ac
fpv, thKXbn kcnphm\mbn Hcpnsh
IpXncpdv \ thKXbn Hcm \qdv h
jw kcnmepw apdnv ISm ]m{Xbpw
(hnimeamb XWepIfpXmWv) B ac)
(apkvenw)
409
`Wfpw ]m\obfpw
kzKn {]thinphv `np
hm\pw IpSnphm\pambn Amlp [mcmfw `
Wfpw, ]m\obfpw Hcpnshnpv. Cu `q
temIv e`nphb AXv. adnv Amlp {]
tXyIw Xm sNbvXXmIpp Ah. ]dbptm
Zpbmhnse t]cmsWnepw icn Fm Imcyn
epw
hyXykvYambncnpw
kzKnteXv.
Amlp ]dbpXv {inpI:
(- :( ( )) )
"Ah CjvSsp sXcsSpp Xcn

s] ]ghKfpw. Ah sImXnp Xcn
s] ]namwkhpw sImv (Ah Npn \S
pw.)' (hmJnAx 20,21)

(
)
(:)
"kzWns XfnIIfpw ]m\]m{Xfpw Ah

v Nppw sImp \SsSpw. a\pI sIm
XnpXpw IpIv B\Ichpamb Imcy
AhnsS Dmbncnpw. \n AhnsS \n
XyhmknIfmbncnpIbpwsNpw'(kpJpdp ^v:71).

(: ( )

)
410
"Ignpt]mb Znhkfn \n apIqn

sNbvXXns êambn \n B\tmsS Xn
pIbpw IpSnpIbpw sNbvXp sImpI. ( F
v AhtcmSv ]dbsSpw. ) (lmJvJx 24)

)
( )

( -:( )

"Xobmbpw ]pWyhmam (kzKn) Hcp

]m\]m{Xn \nv IpSnpXmWv. AXns
tNcph Iqcambncnpw. Amlphns Zmk
am IpSnp Hcp Ddhp shas{X AXv. Ahc
Xv s]mnsmgpnsmncnpw' (Ckm:5,6).

() )*(
( -:)
"Cn\ocns tNcphbp Hcp tIm Ahv

AhnsS IpSnm \IsSpXmWv. AXmbXv
AhnSs ( kzKnse ) kk_o Fp
t]cp Hcp Ddhnse shw' (Ckm:17,18).

( )
(-:( )
)
"AXnse tNcph Xkv\ow Bbncnpw. AXmbXv

kmao]yw knnh IpSnp Hcp Ddhv Pew'
(apYz^vô:27,28).
kzob aZyw
411
ssZhnI \nba kzoIcnv Pohnhv

Amlp kzKn Hcpnbnp aZyapsv
hnipJpB ]Tnnpp. Cu temIv
Amlp \njnamnb aZyw tkhnphv
]ctemInse A\p{KloXamb ]m\obw IpSn
hm km[ya. Bbv {inpI:

( )
(

( -: ( )
"Hcp Xcw Ddhp Pew \nd tImI AhcpsS

Nppw sImp \SsSpw. shfpXpw IpSnp
hv lrZyhpamb ]m\obw. AXn bmsXmcp
tZmjhpan. AXv \nanw Ahv elcn _m
[npIbpan.' (kzm^v^mv: 45(47)

(:( )
)
"IpSnphv BkzmZyamb aZyns Acp

hnIfpw,' (aplZv:15)

( ) )

(: ( )
"ap{Zshs ipamb aZyn \nv Ah

v IpSnm \IsSpw. AXns ap{Z IkvXq
cnbmbncnpw. hmin ImWnph AXn\v
thn hmin ImWns' (apYz^vô:25,26).
412

{]Ya `Ww
kzKobhmknIsf AXntev {]thinn

ptm BZyambn `nphm \IpXn
s\ kw_nv {]hmNI() ]dbpp:
413

( ( )
A\kv()hn \nv, \_n() aZo\bntev h

npsv Adn ApmC_v\p kemw Nne
Imcy AtltmSv tNmZnphm\mbn hp,
Atlw Xncpta\ntbmSv ]dp: XmtfmSv Rm
aqv Imcy tNmZnpp, AXv Hcp \_n
msX AdnbpIbn. Ahkm\ \mfns Hma
s ASbmfsamWv? kzKob hmknI BZy
ambn `np hn`hsamWv? FtmgmWv k
m\w ]nXmhnt\mSv kmZriysSpXv, Asn
amXmhnt\mSv kmZriysSpXv? {]hmNI
() ]dp: Ipdv apmWv Pn_vco F\nv
CXns\ kw_nv Adnbnv XXv. Atm C
_v\pkemw ]dbpIbpmbn; aepIfn PqX
mcpsS i{XphmWv Atlw. Xncpta\n ]dp:
Ahkm\ \mfns Hmas ASbmfw Ingn
\nv ]Snmdntev P\sf Hcpanp Iqp
hm\mbnv Hcp Xo ]pdsSemWv, kzKob hmkn
I BZyambn `np hn`hw ayns
IcfmIpp. kv{XobpsS shns\ ]pcpjs
shw apISm Ipn ]nXmhnt\mSv kmZriy
apmhpw, Fm ]pcpjs shs kv{Xo
bpsS shw apISm Ipn kv{XotbmSv km
414
Zriyapmhpw.Atmgtlw ]dp: Amlp

hmsX Bcm[\l\mbn Bcpanspw, Xm
Amlphns {]hmNI\msWpw Rm
kmyw hlnpp. Atlw {]hmNIt\mSv ]d
p: Hm, Amlphns dkqse, PqXm hrn
sI kaqlamWv, Rm apkvenambnpsv A
h AdnbpXn\v apv Xm Fs kw_
nv AhtcmSv tNmZnpI. Ans\ PqXm
htm Xncpta\n AhtcmSv tNmZnp: \nfn
BcmWv ApmC_v\p kemw? Ah ]d
p: Rfn Da\mWv, Da\mbhs aI
\mWv, Rfn t{i\mWv, Rfnse t{i
\mbhs aI\mWv. Fn ApmC_v\p k
emw apkvenambm \nfpsS A`n{]mbsam
sWv AhtcmSv {]hmNI() tNmZnp. Ah
]dp: Amlp Atls AXn \nv cn
pamdmhs. hopw Bhntm Ah A
Xv Xs BhnpIbpmbn. Ans\
Apmlv Ahcntndn sNv sImv ]d
p: AmlphmsX Bcm[\l\mbn am
cpanspw, Xobmbpw aplZv Ahs {]hm
NI\msWpw Rm kmyw hlnpp. A
tm Ah ]dp: Ah Rfn Ghpw
tO\mIpp, Rfn Ghpw \ny\mbhs
aI\mIpp. Ans\ Atls \nCPmc\m
415
n Ah. Atm Atlw ]dp: {]hmNI

sc, CXmbncpp Rm `bsncpXv) (_pJmcn)
kzob ]cnafw

( ( )
ApmC_v\p Awdv() ]dbpp: \_n() ]d

p: (Bscnepw apkveofpambn Icmdn Ign
bphs\ h[npIbmsWn Ah\v kzKn
s ]cnafw BkzZnphm Ignbn, kzKn
s hmk\ \m]Xv hjs hgnZqcw ]cp
XmIpp) (_pJmcn).

(
()
A_qlpdbvd()hn
\nv;
{]hmNI()
]dbpIbpmbn: (cv hn`mKw \cIhmkn
IfmIpp. Hcp hn`mKamfpI AhcpsS ssIIfn
]iphns hmt]mse Nmhmdpv, AXvsIm
416
h P\sf ASnpp, AXpt]mse Nne

kv{XoI, Ah hkv{Xw [cnnpv Fm A
h \IfmWv, Nmpw sNcnpamWv Ah
\SpXv, AhcpsS XeI HIfpsS ]q
t]msebmIpp, Cs\bph kzKn {]
thinpIbn, AXns ]cnafw t]mepw BkzZn
m Ignbn Ahv. kzKns ]cnafw C
{Xbn{X hgnZqcw hsc FpXmWv) (apkvenw).

( ( )

{]hmNI() ]dp: (Amlphns amK

n cmhnse Bscnepw ]pdsm, Asn
bm{X ]pdsm AXv CltemIhpw AXnep
Xnt\mfpw DaambXmWv, kzKn Hcp
apgtam, AXsn Hcp ASntbm ew e`np
Xv Zpbmhpw AXnepXv apgph\pw e`np
Xnt\m DaamWv, kzKob kv{XoIfn \n
v Hcp kv{Xo `qanbntesm\pw Fn t\m
pIbmsWn `qan apgph\pw {]Imiw ]cp
Ibpw, `qan apgph\pw ]cnafw ]cpIbpw sNp
ambncpp. Ah [cnncnp apJa\ Zp
417
bmhpw AXnepXv apgpht\mfpw DaamIp

p) (_pJmcn).
avtfOXIfn
`qanbnse t]mse tOXIfpw, AgppI
fpw kzKn Dmhn. kzKob hmknIsf
kw_nv {]hmNI() ]dbpXv t\mpI:
(

()
A_qlpdbvd() ]dp: dkqepmlv() ]dbp

Ibpmbn: Fs kapZmbn BZyambn kz
Kn {]thinp kaqlw \nemhp cm{Xn
bnse N{s\t]msebmbncnpw, XpSv hcp
h BIminse \{Xtmfpw {]Imin
phsc t]msebmbncnpw, ]nnSv Ah ho
SpIfnembncnpw, Ah hnkPnpIbn, ap{Xn
pIbpan, aqn\nv AgppI hcn, hm
bn \nv I^w hcn, AhcpsS NopI kz
w sImpXmWv, Ah AhnsS ]pIpXv
418
DuZmbncnpw, AhnsS XfnpXv IkvXqcnbm

bncnpw, AhcpsS kz`mhpw HcmfpsS kz`mhw
t]msebmbncnpw, AhcpsS ]nXmhmb BZan
s \ofamb Adp]Xv apgambncnpw AhcpsS
\ofw) (_pJmcn). CXpt]mse [mcmfw kzlolm
b lZokpI ImWmhpXmWv.
kzob ]m{X

( : ( )
"kzWns XfnIIfpw ]m\]m{Xfpw Ah

v Nppw sImp \SsSpw. a\pI sImXn
pXpw IpIv B\Ichpamb Imcy
AhnsS Dmbncnpw. \n AhnsS \nXy
hmknIfmbncnpIbpw sNpw' (kpJpdp^v:71).

(-:( )
"shnbpsS ]m{Xfpw (an\pkw sImWvSv)

kv^SnIw t]msebmbnXonp tImIfpam
bn AhnSbn (]cnNmcIam) Npn \Sp
XmWv. shntmI. Ah Ahbvv (]m
{Xv) Hcp tXmX\pkcnv Afhv \nWbnn
cnpw.' (Ckm:15,16)
419

( ( )...

A_q_dp_v\p Apmlv_v\p ssJkzv() X

s ]nXmhn \nv: \_n() ]dp: (shn
sImp cv sImmcfpv, AXnse ]m{X
fpw, AXnepXpw shnbmIpp, kz
mep cv sImmcfpv. AXnse ]m{X
fpw AXnse hkvXpfpw kzamIpp)
(apkvenw)
hkv{X
)
(:( )
"Ah anXn\m kzKtmpw ]p hkv{X

fpw Ahh {]Xnêambn \IpXm
Wv.' (Ckm:12)

)

( :( )
"AhcpsS ta ] \ndap t\ ]phkv{X

fpw Inbp ]p hkv{Xhpw Dmbncnpw.
shnbpsS hfIfpw Ahv AWnbnsSp
XmWv. Ahv AhcpsS cnXmhv XnIpw ip
420
amb ]m\obw IpSnm sImSppXpamWv'

(Ckm:21).
( :)
"hnizknpIbpw kI {]hnpI
bpw sNbvXhsc, Xmgv`mKpIqSn \ZnI HgpIp
kzKtmpIfn Xobmbpw Amlp {]
thinnpXmWv. AhhnsS kzWhfI
fpw appw AWnbnsSpXmWv. ]mbncn
pw Ahv AhnsSbp hkv{Xw' (lPvPv:23).

(: ( )

"AqmIpp kvYnchmkn\p kzK

tmpI. AhcpsS Xmgv`mKvIqSn AcphnI
HgpInsmncnpXmWv. AhhnsS kz
Ww sImp hfI AWnbnsSpXm
Wv. t\cnbXpw InbpXpamb ]p hkv{X
Ah [cnpIbpw sNpw. AhnsS Ah
Aecn InepIfn Nmcnbncpv hn{ianp
hcmbncnpw. F{X hninjvSamb {]Xnêw, F{X
Daamb hn{iakvYew!' (AIAv^v:31)
421

( ( )
A_q CjmJn \nv; (_dmAv ]dbpXmbn

Rm tIpIbpmbn; \_n()v ]ns H
cp hkv{Xw km\ambn \IpIbpmbn, B k
`n kzlm_nI AXv sXmv t\mpI
bpw, AXns an\pkX Inv ApXsSpIbpw
sNbvXp. Atm {]hmNI() ]dbpIbpm
bn: CXns `wKn InmtWm \n ApX
sSpXv? Xobmbpw kAZv_v\p apBZn\v kz
Kn e`np S CXnt\m \Xpw,
`wKnbpapXmbncnpw) (apkvenw).

( ( )

mbn; (Bscnepw kzKn {]thinpI
bmsWn Ah A\p{Kl BkzZnp
XmWv, {]bmkstSXn, Ahs hkv{Xw \p
cppItbm, Ahs bphXzw \inpItbm sN
n) (apkvenw).
422
hncnI

()
( )
)

( : ( )
"AXn Dbnshs InepIfpw, Xmdm

n shs tImIfpw, AWnbmbn shs
XebWIfpw, hncnpshs ]chXm\nIfpap
v.' (AKzminbx 13 16)

(:( )
)

"Ah Nne saIfn Nmcn Ccnphcmbncn

pw. AhbpsS D`mK InIqSnb ]psIm
v \nansXmIpp. B cWvSv tXmpIfnse
bpw ImbvI\nI Xmgvp \npIbmbncnpw'
(dlvam:54).
( : ( )
)

"hcnhcnbmbv C InepIfn Nmcnbncnph

cmbncnpw Ah. hnS IpIfp shfp
XcpWnIsf \mw Ahv CWtNp sImSpp
Ibpw sNpw.' (Xzq: 20)
kzobhmknIfpsS NI
kzKn {]thinp Ignm ]ns
No {]h\tfm, hnNmctfm Dmhn.
423
]Ibpw hntZzjhpw GjWnbpw, ]cZqjWhpw H

pw Xsbn. AhnsS \ kam[m\ ham
\fmbncnpw ]ckv]cw \SpXv. AXns\
kw_np IzpB ]dbpXv t\mpI:

(:( )
"AhcpsS lrZbfn h hntZzjhpapsn

\maXv \ow sNpXmWv. ktlmZcsf
\nebn Ah InepIfn ]ckv]cw A`napJ
ambn Ccnphcmbncnpw.' (A lnPvdv:47)

()
)

( )

( )

(:( )
"]ckv]cw ]eXpw tNmZnp sImv Ahcn Nne

Nnesc A`napJoIcnpw. Ah ]dbpw: Xo
bmbpw \mw apv \psS IpSpw_nembncnp
tm `bÌvXnbphcmbncpp AXn\m
Amlp \apv A\p{Klw \IpIbpw, tcma
Iq]fn Xpfp Ibdp \cImKv\nbpsS in
bn \nv Ah \s ImpcnpIbpw
sNbvXp. Xobmbpw \mw apt Aht\mSv {]m
XvYnphcmbncpp. Xobmbpw Ah X
sbmIpp HuZmcyhm\pw IcpWm\n[nbpw'
(Xzq:25 28).
424
)*(
)

)*(
(*)

(*)
(*)

)*(

)*(
(*)

)*(
)*(

(- : )*( ( )
"Ahcn \nv Hcp hIvXmhv ]dbpw: Xobm

bpw F\nv Hcp IqpImc\pmbncpp. Ah
]dbPambncpp: Xobmbpw \o (]ctemIn
) hnizknphcpsS Iqn Xsbm
tWm? \mw acnnv apw AkvYniIefpambn
Ignmepw \apv \psS Iê \
IsSpXmtWm? XpSv B hIvXmhv (IqsSbp
htcmSv) ]dbpw: \n (B IqpImcs\) F
nt\mm Dtinpptm? Fnv At
lw Fnt\mpw. Atm Atlw Ahs\ \
cIns ayn ImWmw. Atlw (Ah
t\mSv) ]dbpw: Amlpsh XsbmW! \o Fs
\min AIsSppI Xs sNbvtXpam
bncpp. Fs cnXmhns A\p{Klw Cmbn
cppshn (B \cIn) lmPcmsSp
hcn Rm\pw Ds]Spambncpp. (kzKhmknI
]dbpw:) C\n \mw acWsSphctm \p
425
sS BZys acWamsX. \mw innsSp

hcpa. Xobmbpw CXp XsbmWv almb
`mKyw. CXpt]msebpXn\v thnbmIs {]h
Iam {]hnpXv.'(kzm^v^mv:5161)
CWI
sFlnI temIv CkvemanI \nba
A\pkcnv Pohnph ]pcpj\mbmepw, kv
{Xobmbmepw kzKn {]thinpXmWv.
Xs `mhns\ tkhnv hnizmkn\nbmbn Po
hn kv{XoIv kzKn {]thinphm
IgnbpXmWv. CltemIv BcmtWm Ahkm
\ `mhmIpXv Ahcmbncnpw kzKn
AhcpsS `mhv Fv lZokpIfn ImWmhp
XmWv. Ipdv sXfnhpI t\mpI:

(:( )

"AXmbXv, kvYnchmkn\p kzKtmpI

. Ahcpw, AhcpsS ]nXmfn \npw, CWI
fn \npw kXnIfn \npw kZvhrcmbn
phcpw AXn {]thinpXmWv. aepI
Fm hmXneneqsSbpw AhcpsS ASp ISp
hnv ]dbpw' (dAvZv:23)

( : ( )
)
426
"Ahcpw AhcpsS CWIfpw XWepIfn Aew

IrXamb InepIfn Nmcnbncnphcmbncn
pw.' (bmko:56)

( : ( )
)
"\nfpw \nfpsS CWIfpw ktmj`cnXcm

bnsImv kzKn {]thinp sImpI' (kp
Jpdp^v:70).

) - ( )
(:( /) -
lpssZ^()hn \npw,Atlw Xs `mcytbm

Sv ]dbpIbpmbn: kzKn \ns `mhv
Rm Xs Bbncnphm \o Dtinppsh
n F\nv tijw \o hnhmlw IgncpXv. Im
cWw Zpbmhn BcmtWm Ahkm\s `
mhv Ah\mbncnpw kzKn B kv{Xo `m
cybmbn XocpI. CXvsImmWv Amlp {]hmN
I()v tijw AhnSps `mcyamsc aph
v \njnamnbncnpXv. ImcWw Ah kz
Kn {]hmNIs `mcyamcmIpp) (Cu lZo
Yv kzlolmsWv A_m\n {]kvXmhnnpv).

kzob XcpWnI
427
( : ( )
)

"As\bmIpp (AhcpsS AhkvY.) hnime

amb t\{Xfp shfp kv{XoIsf Ahv
CWIfmbn \IpIbpw sNpw' (ZpJm:54).

(-: ( )
( ) ( )

)
"Xobmbpw kqvaX ]menhv hnPbapv.

AXmbXv (kzKnse) tXmfpw apncnI
fpw, XpSp amhnSap ka{]mbmcmb Xcp
WnIfpw' (\_Av:31(33).

:( ( ))
()
)
(-
"Xobmbpw Ahsc (kzKkv{XoIsf) \mw Hcp

{]tXyI {]IrXntbmsS krjvSnpmnbncnp
IbmWv. As\ Ahsc \mw I\yIamcmnbncn
pp. kvt\lhXnIfpw ka{]mbmcpw Bn
bncnpp.' (hmJnAx: 35 (37)

()

)

(-:( ( ))

"Ahbn ZrjvSn \nb{nphcmb kv{XoIfp

mbncnpw. Ahv apv a\pjyt\m, Pntm
Ahsc kv]innn. Atm \n Ccp hn
428
`mKnsbpw cnXmhns A\p{Klfn

GXns\bmWv \n \ntj[npXv? Ah am
WnIyhpw ]hnghpw t]msebmbncnpw' (Adlv
am:56 58) .
]Icw tNmZnpp
Zpbmhn CkvemanI \nba A\pk
cnv Pohnncphsc kXy\ntj[nI Ifnbm
pIbpw, ]cnlknpIbpw sNbvXhtcmSv kz
KobhmknI ]Icw tNmZnpXmbn JpB
\s DWpXv {inpI:
)

( :( )
"kzKmhIminI \cImhIminItfmSv hnfnp

]dbpw: RtfmSv RfpsS cnXmhv hmKvZm
\w sNbvXXv R bmYmXvYyambn Isn
gnp. Fm \nfpsS cnXmhv (\n
tfmSv) hmKvZm\w sNbvXXv \n bmYmXvYy
ambn Isntbm? Ah ]dbpw: AsX Atm
Hcp hnfw_cmc AhnSbn hnfnp
]dbpw: Amlphns im]w A{IanIfpsS taem
Ipp' (AAvdm^v:44) .
429

)*(
)

)*(
)*(

(*)
)*(

(*) )*(

(- : ( )
"Xobmbpw IpIrXyn Gs]h kXyhn

izmknIsf Ifnbmn Nncnpambncpp. Ahcp
sS (kXyhnizmknIfpsS) apneqsS ISp t]m
Iptm Ah ]ckv]cw Inp ImWnpambn
cpp. AhcpsS kzmcpsS ASptev Xncn
psNptm cknp sImWvSv Ah Xncnp sN
pambncpp. Ahsc (kXyhnizmknIsf) Ah
ImWptm, Xobmbpw Cq hgn]ngh
XsbmWv Fv Ah ]dbpIbpw sNpambncp
p. AhcpsS (kXyhnizmknIfpsS) ta ta
t\mmcmbnv Ah \ntbmKnsnsmpan.
Fm Av (Jnbmav \mfn) B kXyhn
izmknI kXy\ntj[nIsf Ifnbmn Nncnp
XmWv. tkmÎfnencpv Ah t\mnsm
ncnpw. kXy\ntj[nI sNbvXp sImncp
Xn\v Ahv {]Xnêw \Ispthm Fv'
(apYz^vô: 29 36)
430

) )*(

(*))*(
)*(
(*)

)*(

)*(

)*(

)*(

)*(

( -:( )
"B kzKhmknIfn Nne NnecpsS t\sc Xncn

p sImv ]ckv]cw (]e tNmZyfpw) tNmZn
pw Ahcn \nv Hcp hIvXmhv ]dbpw: Xo
bmbpw F\nv Hcp IqpImc\pmbncpp. Ah
]dbpambncpp: Xobmbpw \o (]ctemI
n) hnizknphcpsS Iqn Xsbm
tWm? \mw acnnv apw AkvYniIefpambn
Ignmepw \apv \psS Iê \
IsSpXmtWm? XpSv B hIvXmhv (IqsSbp
htcmSv) ]dbpw: \n (B IqpImcs\) F
nt\mm Dtinpptm? Fnv At
lw Fnt\mpw. Atm Atlw Ahs\ \
cIns ayn ImWmw. Atlw (Ah
t\mSv) ]dbpw: Amlpsh XsbmW! \o Fs
\min AIsSppI Xs sNbvtXpam
bncpp. Fs cnXmhns A\p{Klw Cmbn
cppshn (B \cIn) lmPcmsSp
431
hcn Rm\pw Ds]Spambncpp. (kzKhmknI

]dbpw:) C\n \mw acWsSphctm \p
sS BZys acWamsX. \mw innsSp
hcpa. Xobmbpw CXp XsbmWv almb
`mKyw' (kzm^v^mv:50 60)
Ghpw henb A\p{Klw

kzKn {]thintm Xs CXnt\
m henb Hcp A\p{Klansv tXmp cq
]nep sFizcyfmWv Amlp Ahv
\IpXv. hopw Amlp Ahs A\p{Klw
Ahv \Ipp. AXns\ kw_nv {]hm
NI() ]dbpXv t\mpI:

:
)

( ( )
A_qkCuZp JpZvcn()hn \nv \nthZ\w: \

_n() ]dbpIbpmbn: (Amlp kzKob hm
knItfmSv ]dbpw; Hm kzKob hmknIsf, Ah
432
Dcw \Ipp. RfnXm Dcw \Inbncn

pp, Fm\Ifpw \nn \nmWv, Amlp
AhtcmSv tNmZnpw: \nv Xr]vXn hp
thm? Ah ]dbpw: RfpsS cnXmsh, Xr]v
XnsSmXncnphm FmWv Rv, Imc
Ww \ns krnIfnse ampw \Im Im
cyfmWtm Rv \o \InbncnpXv.
Atm Amlp ]dbpp: CXnt\m t{i
ambXv \nv Rm \Imw. Ah ]dbpw:
RfpsS cnXmsh, CXnt\m t{iambXv
FmWv? Amlp ]dbpp: Fs Xr]vXn \n
ndnbncnpp, CXn\pijw Hcnepw Rm
\ntfmSv tIm]npIbn Xs) (apkvenw)
Amlphns\ Ipappp:
kzKn hnizmknIv Hcpnbnp
A\p{KlfpsS kw]qoIcWamWv Amlp
hns\ ImWpIsbXv. AXmWv Ghpw henb
A\p{Klw. hnizmknI Amlphns\ IvsIm
v A\p{KloXcmIpp. AXns\ Ipdnp Izp
B ]dbpp:
(: ( )

433
"(\_ntb,) ]dbpI: Rm \nsftmsebp

Hcp a\pjy am{XamIpp. \nfpsS ssZhw G
IssZhw am{XamsWv F\nv t_m[\w \I
sSpp. AXn\m hh\pw Xs cnXmhp
ambn IpapWsav B{Klnppshn A
h kIw {]hnpIbpw, Xs cn
Xmhn\p Bcm[\bn bmsXmns\bpw ]p
tNmXncnpIbpw sNbvXpsIms' (AI
Av^v: 110).
( ( )
ssIzkv_v\p A_q Bknan()hn \npw \nth

Z\w, Pco RtfmSv ]dbpIbpmbn: (\ \n
emhp cm{Xnbn {]hmNI() RfpsSb
Sptv hvsImv ]dbpIbpmbn: (CXv (N
{) ImWpXv t]mse Ahkm\ \mfn \n
\nfpsS dns\ ImWpXmWv. Ahs\ Im
WpsaXn
\n
kwibntXn)
(_pJmcn).
Amlphns\ ]ctemIv shv Ivapp
hcpsS apJw Av {]tim`npXmWv.
( :( ( ))
)
434
"Nne apJ Av {]kXbpXpw Ahbp

sS cnXmhns t\v ZrjvSn Xncnhbpam
bncnpw.' (Jnbmax:22,23)
kz hym]vXn
]ctemIv Amlp Hcpnshncnp
kzKns hoXnbpw \ofhpw \apv Dulnp
hm IgnbmXmWv. AXnse kpJkuIcy
fpw apw hnhcWmXoXamWv. hnipJpB\nse
hN\w Hv ]mcmbWw sNbvXpt\mq

)

( :( )

t\SnsbSpm \n [rXnsv aptdpI.
[\njvT ]menphpthn Hcpnsh
sXs{X AXv' (BepCwdm:133).

)

(:( )


ntepw kzKntepw \n apISp
hcphn. AXns hnkvXmcw BIminsbpw
435
`qanbpsSbpw hnkvXmcw t]msebmWv. Amlphn

epw Ahs ZqXamcnepw hnizknhp th
n AXv koIcnsncnpp. AXv
Amlphns A\p{Klas{X. Ah Dtinp
hv AXh \Ipp. Amlp almb
A\p{Klaph\mIpp.' (lZoZv:21)
IpcppI
kzKob hmknIv IIpfpabpw, k
tmjhpw hnphm\mbn ka{]mbmcmb
sNdnb IpnIsfbpw Amlp kzKn Hcp
nshncnpp. Cu Zpbmhn Xs \mw \
psS IpcppIfpsS {]tim`np, \njvIf
amb apJtv t\mptm Fv kam[m\
hpw, ktmjhpamWv e`npI. Fm AXv
kzKobIpcppIfpsS apJtmsWn F
vam{Xw ktmjhpw, kam[m\hpw e`npsav
\mw BtemNnpI. ka{]mbnep, Fpw
Hcpt]mse Pohnv sImncnp IpnIfps
mWv Amlp JpB\n ]dbpXv.

)
(
(:)
"A\izc PohnXw \Is Nne IpnI Ah

nSbneqsS Npn \SpsImpancnpw. Ahsc
436
\o IWvSm hnXdnb appIfmWv Ahscv \o

hnNmcnpw.' (Ckm:19)
(:) ( )
"\nXyPohnXw \Is _meam AhcpsS

CSbn Npn \Spw' (hmJnAx 17).
acWs h[npp
]ctemIs hnNmcWbpw, {]Xnêw \
Iepsamw Ahkm\nv Ignv kzKobhmknI
sf kzKntepw, \cIhmknIsf \cIn
tepw {]thinnv Ignm acWs sIm
p hcnIbpw, \cIhmknItfmSpw, kzKhmknI
tfmSpw ]dbsSpw C\n Hcnepw acWan. \n
\nXyhmknIfmbncnpsav. {]hmNI
() ]dbpXv t\mpI:
()
C_v\p Da() ]dp:dkqepmlv() ]dp:

kzKob hmknI kzKntepw, \cIhmkn
437
I \cIntepambn Ignm acWs

sImphcpIbpw \cIn\pw kzKn\panSbn
shpIbpw, XpSv AXns\ AdppIbpw
sNpp. ]noSv Hcm hnfnp ]dbpw: Hm kz
Kob hmknIsf C\n acWan, Hm, \cIhmkn
Isf, C\n acWan. Atm kzKob hmknI
v ktmjn\pta ktmjw hnpI
bpw, \cIhmknIv Zp:Jn\pta AhcpsS
Zp:Jw hnpIbpw sNpXmWv) (_pJmcn).
bphmfpsS t\Xmhv
kzKob bphmfpsS t\Xmsf {]hmN
I() ]cnNbsSppXv \mw t\mpI:
( ( )

A_qkCuZp JpZvcn() ]dp: dkqepmlv

() ]dbpIbpmbn: (lk\pw, lpssk\pw kz
Kob bphmfpsS t\XmfmIpp) (AlvaZv).
kv{XoIfpsS t\Xm
kzKn {]thinp kXyhnizmkn
\nIpw AhnsS t\Xmfpmhpw. Ah B
cmWv {]hmNI() ]dbpXv t\mpI:
438
( ( )

)
\_n() ]dp: (^mXzna kzK kv{XoIfpsS

t\XmnbmIpp) (_pJmcn)

( ( )

C_v\p Amkv() \nv \nthZ\w: ]dp: (d

kqepmlv `qanbn \mev hcI hcpIbp
mbn, Fnv tNmZnp: CsXmsWv \n
v Adnbptam? Ah ]dp: Amlphn\pw,
Ahs dkqen\padnbmw. dkqepmlv ]dp:
(kzK kv{XoIfn t{ijScmbh, JZoPm _n
Xp JpsshenZv, ^mXznam _nXv aplZv, advbw
_nXv Cwdm, ^nHu\ns `mcybmb Bknbm
_nXv apkmlnw FnhcmIpp) (AlvaZv)
kz ktmj hmbdnbns ]p t]
ImcpWyns {]hmNI() Xs A\p
bmbnIfn t{icmb ]vt]cpsS t]cpI F
nsbn Ahscmw kzKnemsWv Hcn
]dbpIbpmbn. Ah BscmamsWv
lZokn \nv a\knempI:
439

( ( )
Apdlvam\p_v\p Hu^v() ]dbpIbpmbn:

dkqepmlv() ]dp: (A_q_ kzKn
emWv, Da kzKnemWv, DYvam kzKnem
Wv, Aen kzKnemWv, Xzl kzKnemWv,
kpss_ kzKnemWv,Apdm\p_v\p Hu
^v kzKnemWv, kAZv kzKnemWv, kCu
Zv kzKnemWv, A_qDss_ZXv_v\p Pdm
Av kzKnemWv)(XnanZn, C_v\pamP, AlvaZv).
alm\mb dkqepmln() ]e k`
fnembn Hcp]mSv kzlm_nIsf kw_np kz
Kapsv ktmj hm AdnbnXv lZokp
Ifn ImWmhpXmv. ZoLnp t]mIpsa
`bm ChnsS hniZoIcnphm Dtin
pn.
kz{]thi\w km[yamhp I
ssZhnI \nba A\pkcnv Pohnp
h Xs acWwhsc Nne Imcy \nam
bpw, sFOnIambpw A\pntXpv. Ahbn
440
Nne IfpsS {]tXyIXbpw, AXns h

n {]Xnêfpw ]cnKWnvsImv AXn\v
kz Kapsv {]hmNI()]Tnnpp.
A\mY kwcWw:

( ( )

kAvep_v\p kAZn \nv \nthZ\w; \_n()

]dbpIbpmbn; (Rm\pw A\mYsb kwcn
phcpw, C{]ImcamIpp. Xs Nqphnc
epw, \Sphncepw ASpnv ]nSnv ]dbpIbpm
bn) (_pJmcn).
hpZphn\v tijap {]m\:

(...
()
dkqepmlv() ]dp: \nfn \nmscn

epw ]cn]qWambn hpZp sNpIbpw, Fnv
(AivAZp AemCeml Cmlp, A apl
Z ApmC hdkqeplp) Fv ]dm A
h\v kzKns Fv IhmSfpw XpdsSp
441
XmWv, Ah Dtinp hmXneneqsS Ah\v

{]thinmhpXmWv ) (apkvenw)
kp_ln, Akz Fo \akvImc:

( ( )
A_q_ C_v\p A_qaqkm()Xs ]nXmhn

\nv \nthZ\w sNpp: dkqepmlv() ]d
p: (Bscnepw _dssZ\n (kp_lnbpw, A
kzdpw) \akvIcnm Ah kzKn {]th
inpXmWv) (_pJmcn)
Avt\cs \n \akvImcw:
( )...
(
D_mZXv_v\p kzmanXv() ]dbpp: dkqepm

lv() ]dbpXmbn Rm tIpIbpmbn:
(ASnaIfpsS ta Amlp Av t\cw \akvIm
cw \namnbncnpp, AXns ]cn]qW
Xv `wKw hcpp bmsXmpw sNmsX B
scnepaXv \nlnpIbmsWn Ahs\
Amlp kzKn {]thinnpsa Icm
442
AmlphnsSpv Ah\pmbncnpXmWv)
(A_qZmhqZv, AlvaZv, \kmC)
CkvemanI A`nhmZyamb kemw ]db:

( ( )

A_qlpdbvd()hn \nv \nthZ\w: dkqep

mlv() ]dp: (\n hnizmknIfmhmsX
kzKn {]thinpIbn, \n ]ckv]cw
CsSmsX \n hnizmknIfmhpIbn, \n
smcp Imcyw Rm Adnbnp Xcstbm,
AXv sNpIbmsWn \n ]ckv]cw kvt\
lnpXmWv, \nnSbn \n kemw
hym]nnpI) (apkvenw)
hpZphn\v tijw cv dIAv:
(( )
{]hmNI() ]dp: (apkvenamb Hcm hpZp

sNpp, hpZp \cq]n sNbvXvsImv Fgp
tv Xs apJhpw lrZbhpw apnSphnv cv d
443
IAv \akvIcnpIbmsWn Ah\v kzKw

\namsSmXncnn) (apkvenw)
Adnhv t\SpI:
...
)

(( )...


mlv() ]dbpIbpmbn: ( hnm\w A
t\zjnp sImv Bscnepw Hcp hgnbn {]th
inm Amlp Ah\v kzKntep hgn
Ffpamn sImSppXmWv ) (apkvenw).
amXm]nXmv ]pWyw sN:

( ( )

mlv() ]dbpp: (Ah \inncnpp, ]n
sbpw Ah \inncnpp, hopw Ah \
inncnpp, tNmZnsp: {]hmNIsc, Bcm
Wv \inXv? hmIysanb amXm]nXmfn
Hcmtfm, cmfptam Dmbnv Ahscsmv
kzKw e`nmh\mIpp) (apkvenw) CXn
\nv a\knemphm km[npXv hbmb
444
amXm]nXmv ]pWyw sNpXv kzK {]th

i\n\v ImcWamIpXmsWmWv.
\mhns\ kqnpI:

( ( )

kAv_v\p kAZv()hn \nv \nthZ\w:{]hm

NI() ]dp: (BcmWv cv XmSnsbpI
nSbnepXns\ kw_npw, cv ImepI
nSbnepXns\bpw kw_npw Pmayw (kq
npsa) \npXv Ah\v kzKw e`np
saXn\v Rm\pw Pmayw \npXmWv)
(_pJmcn)
12 dIAv dhmXn_v \akvImcw:

( ( )

{]hmNI]Xv\n Dp l_o_()bn \nv \nth

Z\w: Ah ]dp: dkqepmlv() ]dbpIbp
mbn: (apkveofns] Hcp hyn \n
am kpmb 12 dIAv \akvImcw F
m Znhkhpw Amlphn\v thn \akvIcnpI
bmsWn Amlp Ah\v kzKn Hcp ho
Sv \nnvsImSppXmWv) (apkvenw) dhmXn_v
445
kpv F t]cn AdnbsSp ]{v dI

Av \akvImcamWv CXvsImptinpXv. C
h kp_lnv apv cv dIApw, fpAdn\v ap
v \mev dIApw tijw cv dIApw, aKvcn
_n\v tijw cpw, CimAv\v tijw cppam
Ipp.
]n \nn:
( ( )
\_n() ]dbpIbpmbn: (DX\mb Amlp

hn\v thn Bscnepw Hcp ]n \nnpIbm
sWn Amlp Ah\v kzKn Hcp hoSv
\nnp sImSppXmWv) (apkvenw)
kqdp CJvemkv:
(( )...

kCuZv_v\p apkn_v() ]dbpp: \_n() ]d

bpIbpmbn: Bscnepw (Jplphmlp A
lZv) F kqdv ]v {]mhiyw ]mcmbWw
sNbvXm AXvsImh\v Amlp kzKn
HcpsImmcw \nnp sImSppXmWv) (Zmcnan)
******

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K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV: X¿MDM¡NBXV

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Available Formats

XmdmnbXv:

knZv kAv^ kzmZnJv

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

Ahkm\ \mfns kabw:

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

Wv Amlp ImemImefn hyXykvX tZi

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

a\pjyscbpw Hcpanv IqpIbpw, kznte

Fm Amlphnepw AyZn\nepw hniz

(hnizmksav ]dm Amlphnepw, Ahs

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

Sbmffnepw hnizknpI FXv. Cu ASbmf

(B (Ay) kabw ASpp, N{ ]nfcpIbpw

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

cq]nemWnh hcpI, Ah ]v ASbmfam

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

lpssZ^Xv_v\p DsskZv_v\p K^mcn()hn \n

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

\_n() ]dp: (Fs kapZmbn Ahkm

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

(AXmbXv Ah Hcp \mpdnbpsS t\sc [yXn

sv t]mIpXv t]mse J_vdpIfn \nv [rXn

PohnXw Hcp ]coWw.

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

hpw XncsSpphm\p kzmX{yw \IpI

(\nfn BcmWv IqSpX \mbn {]hn

ph Fv ]conphm thn acWhpw

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

CltemI PohnXw kpJ Zp:J kn{iam

(BXvamhpIsfAhbpsS acWthfbn Amlp

]qambn GsSppp. acWsSmhsb A

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

kpJkpcambn Ddph\v Xs Npp`m

Aw: cnXmsh, \ns \man Fs ]m

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

lpssZ^Xp bam() ]dbpp: ({]hmNI Xn

"A{]Imcw(Ah At\ym\yw tNmZyw \Sphm

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

hmIpp \n IgnpIqnbXns\n icnbmbn

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

"Ah AhcpsS Kplbn apqdv hjw Xmakn

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

\nv csSphm km[nncppshn {]

(Ah\s{X cm{Xnbn (Ddptm) \nsf ]q

ambn GsSpph. ]Ien \n {]h

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

(GsXmcp tZlhpw acWw BkzZnpXmWv. \n

fpsS {]Xn^e Dbnsgpt]ns \m

(Hmtcm hyIvXnbpw acWw BkzZnpIXs sN

pw. Hcp ]coWw F \nebn Xna \In

(GsXmcmfpw acWs BkzZnpXmWv. ]n

oSv \psS ASptev Xs \n aS

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw

bnp {]hmNImcpw acnpXmWv. Ahkm

(Xobmbpw \o acnph\mIpp. Ahcpw a

P\nh apgph\pw acnpw, Hcmpw X

((\_ntb,) \n\v apv Hcp a\pjypw \mw A

\izcX \Inbnn. Fncns \o acnsn

C_v\p Amkv()hn \nv; {]hmNI() ]

]ctemIw JpB\nepw kpnepw