Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Karin S. Komati (IFES/ Serra), Evandro Salles (UFES), Mario Sarcinelli-Filho (UFES)
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Input
Output
The output is a marked image, like the one presented in 3 slide. this
Examples
In a natural illumination condition, a scene includes both direct and indirect illumination distributed in a complex way.
Examples
Different pattern structures, in different sizes and rotations. A repetitive pattern but non-regular.
Examples
The border is not very well-defined, that is a ill-defined.
Examples
There is a huge variety of textures.
Fully-Unsupervised
There isn't training phase; We don't require input of number of regions; We don't require input of any characteristics of each image; Don't require any parameter-tuning for individual images.
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P&M
Parvocelular Magnocelular
Retinas parvocellular ganglion Retinas magnocellular ganglion neurons show a low sensitivity to neurons show a high sensitivity to contrast, high spatial resolution, and contrast, low spatial resolution, and low temporal resolution or sustained high temporal resolution or fast responses to visual stimuli. These transient responses to visual cellular characteristics make the stimuli. These characteristics make parvocellular visual path-ways the magnocellular branch of the especially suitable for the analysis of visual system especially suitable to details in the visual world, the quickly detect novel or moving perception of color and maintenance stimuli. of color perception regardless of lighting (color constancy).
ventral
Grossberg Theory
Complementary Computing
FACADE)
Complementary paths
FACADE
WHAT stream
Image
Multifractal Descriptor
J-image
Region Growing MM-Frac
Edge Detection
Enhance Superposed Pixels +
Eliminate or Reduce False Boundaries
= KSS
Result
2) Multifractal Measurement
We use the differential box-counting method, proposed by Chaudhuri and Sarkar (1995), to estimate the multifractal measurement (MM) of the original image.
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Alpha Estimation
Here represents the slope of the decreasing energy spectrum values, from low to high spatial frequencies. 19
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MM-Frac
mapij = J-valuenorm + (1-norm)MM-value where norm= /max(i), iindexing the 200 images used as training set (provided by BSDS)
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Image
Multifractal Descriptor
J-image
Region Growing MM-Frac
Edge Detection
Enhance Superposed Pixels +
Eliminate or Reduce False Boundaries
= KSS
Result
Traditional Approaches
Region-Growing Methods
Result tend to be over-segmented Inaccurate boundaries
Edge-Detection Methods
Noisy edges Gaps
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KSS
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Experimental Results
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Human Perception
Human percpetion is subjective. Here we present segmentations from 6 different human beings. 25
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We tested all methods with natural colored images provided by BSDS test dataset.
100 images of the test dataset 200 images of the training dataset
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BSDS metrics
Each image has at least 5 hand-labeled segmentations made by human beings, which constitute the ground truth. Precision, Recall and F-measure metrics!
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Results
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Results
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Results
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Metrics
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Conclusion
One conclusion is that the Multfractal descriptor improves the sensitivity to boundary regions, thus providing segmentation results that match the human perception better than the segmentation results associated with the original JSEG algorithm. The KSS algorithm works well and solves the problem of false boundaries of region-growing approach and keeping the details of edge detection approach. The final results match the human perception better than the individual methods. Unfortunately, the KSS results present broken edges, not keeping the contour closed.
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