You are on page 1of 3

www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.

com
!
‫
א אوאא א א‬
67,-89:% ‫م‬/ 5‫&א‬/'‫א‬12  34(...‫"و! ق و ن‬#$‫א‬%‫*"אص ('&"و‬+,- ‫مא‬/
 A- ;(( ( ( ‫و"نא‬AH @‫א‬$ AB‫א‬CD!?8‫وא‬E(F?‫א‬:= (3(*‫( א?عא‬l'acide acétylsalicylique);(( ( ( ‫א‬
 :25°C?-:'
2
– –
pKA à 25 °C AH / A : 3,5 H2O / HO : 14
M(AH) = 180 g.mol-1
:= (3(*‫א?عא‬ H3O+ HO – A–
λ (mS.m2.mol-1) 35,0 19,9 3,6
:QD( S @CD!2:= !‫ل‬P! VS = 500,0 mLMNK L‫א‬AH63H‫ذא&&!
(?&!א‬J
 C S = 5,55 × 10-3 mol.L-1ِ
 pH‫( س‬/:= (3(*‫א&אلא‬$‫(د‬1
2,9 ,'-"25°C?-S‫ل‬U‫א‬pH‫( س‬
 .SMU‫لא‬U‫[ א‬H3O+] éq‫?אאزن‬-‫د‬W (1.1
 Y‫א‬Z!AH63H‫א‬- 4 &‫!
د‬X‫א‬ (1.2
(:4]‫& ^ولא‬2
_‫)`*א‬- 4‫\אא‬Xf := ?‫مא‬/‫"و[א‬ (1.3
- 48A/‫مא‬/‫دא‬W (1.4
 . -‫؟‬:‫وس‬$Y‫אلא‬c،- 4τ:= ?‫مא‬/‫&א‬a 2‫د‬W (1.5
&]‫א‬Y‫( سא‬/- 4‫ & אزنא‬e9(2
‫ل‬U‫א‬#[‫א‬Y‫א‬f 2 ‫א‬D(‫א‬g&'a Y‫لא‬U‫](&א‬h2 .σ = 44 mS.m-1,'-" 25°C?- S ‫ل‬U‫( س!](&א‬
:&( ‫ 
&א‬
σ = λ H O . [H3O ] + λ A . [A ] + λ
3
+
+

-
HO −
. [HO ]-

 :laA &/ ‫لوא


&א‬U‫!](&א‬HO-f 2"&3c !‫ ل‬3ci*`&j‫وطא‬+
σ = λ H O . [H3O+] éq + λ A . [A-]éq
3
+ − (1)
 ((3.1:& [m:]‫& ^ولא‬2
_‫)`*א‬σ&_ Y‫א‬Z!AH- 4Xf:= ?‫مא‬/‫א‬--(2.1
Xf&3(n?‫(א‬2.2

H3O+‫ و‬A- ‫ و‬AH:‫?אאزن‬-&( ‫( =(&א‬3(*‫אعא‬2o‫?אאزن‬-&(Y‫א‬D(‫א‬g‫א‬X W‫(א‬2.3

  3(X W‫א‬qe، Y‫א‬Z!AH- 4K‫ &אאزن‬epa


E-‫(א‬2.4

 &]‫א‬Y‫&و( سא‬g!pH:r3
 Y‫א‬r(?/‫(د&א‬3
2,8r#$AP‫*ن‬pH&3(‫"ن‬8".1 mS. m-1@ ( $ s(/&]‫א‬Y‫ [ ز( سא‬3?(#W‫و‬0,1@ ( $ pH &3(g!pHs(/
 45 mS. m-1‫و‬43 mS:r#$AP‫ل‬U‫ !](&א‬3?(3,0 ‫و‬
σ&(]Y‫وא‬pH‫ل‬q(/‫א‬tuY:= ?‫مא‬/Ku!: ‫א^ولא‬:'

pH= 2,8 pH = 3,0 σ= 43 mS. m-1 σ= 45 mS. m-1
xf (en mol) 7,9 × 10-4 5,0 × 10-4 5,6 × 10-4 5,8 × 10-4
 v ?‫ ( @א‬$_‫ @א‬W‫[א;دون‬-،&‫"د‬r'‫א‬8"
 

www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com

pH‫( س‬/:= (3(*‫א&אلא‬$‫(د‬I

:C?!‫و‬ [H3O+(aq)]éq = 10–pH  ? pH = 2,9 (1.1.

[H3O+(aq)]éq = 10–2,9 = 1,26.10–3 mol.L–1

AH(aq) + H2O (l)  A– (aq) + H3O+(aq) (1.2.

xf = [H3O+(aq)]éq.VS = 10–pH.VS (1.3.


xf = 10–2,9×0,500 = 6,29.10–4 mol

xmax = cS.VS :n? 2C?!‫ و‬n0(AH)= CS.VS ‫ "ن‬h‫و‬- Xmax = 0: Y‫א‬Z!AH - 4 $ a-‫א‬X'xmax@ W(1.4.

xmax = 5,55.10–3 × 0,5000


xmax = 2,775.10–3 mol
(1.5.
xf − pH − pH −2,9
10 .VS 10 10
τ= = = τ= = 0,23 τ = 23%
xmax cS .VS cS 5, 55.10−3
τ < 100 %. ::= ?‫مא‬/‫&א‬a 2‫ ن‬:pw‫ودو‬P‫وس‬$Y‫א‬:= (3(*‫אلא‬

: &]‫א‬Y‫ د( سא‬3- := (3(*‫ &אאزنא‬e9(2


: ‫א‬:4]‫א^ولא‬Ex& [m‫ (א‬

:= (3(*‫א‬- 4‫!
د&א‬ AH(aq) + H2O (l)  A– (aq) + H3O+(aq)

 ‫  ا‬ (mol)‫ا م‬ (mol)‫آ ت ا  دة‬


&(=a‫א‬ x=0 cS.VS #% 0 0

- 4‫لא‬B x cS.VS – x #% x x

&(= ?‫א‬ xf cS.VS – xf #% xf xf

(2.1
.σ= λH O +.[H3O+(aq)]éq +λ
A−
.[A− (aq)]éq
3

:C?!‫ [ و‬H 3O + ( aq ) ]éq = [ A− ( aq ) ]éq :‫"ن‬n? 2n(H3O+) = n(A-) ‫' !"ن‬2‫


د&وא‬Y‫!א‬
σ = (λH O + + λA− ).[ H 3O + ( aq ) ]éq
3

xf
σ = (λH O+ + λ A− ).
3
VS
σ.VS
xf =
(λ + λ −)
H 3O + A
(2.2
−3
44 × 0,5000.10
. xf = = 5,7.10–4 mol
(35 + 3,6)
m3 : ‫ا !س  أن ن و ة ا  ب‬
xf ≤ xmax. ‫ أن‬# $

[A–(aq)]éq = [H3O+]éq : &‫


د‬Y‫ !א‬2.3

xf σ
[A–(aq)]éq = [H3O+]éq = =
VS (λ + λ −)
H 3O + A

44
[A–(aq)]éq = [H3O+]éq = = 1,1 mol.m–3 = 1,1.10–3 mol.L–1
(35 + 3,6)
: [AH(aq)]éq = [AH(aq)]ini – [A–(aq)]éq:#‫ د‬Y‫א‬y 4N‫א‬z(a'
xf
[AH(aq)]éq = cS –
VS
[AH(aq)]éq = 5,55.10–3 – 1,14.10–3 = 4,4.10–3 mol.L–1
(2.4
[A(−aq)]éq.[H3O+(aq)]éq
K=
[AH (aq)]éq

K = 2,9.10–4
&3
 Y‫א‬f (?/‫(د&א‬3
‫د‬/pH‫ د‬3- ‫( س‬/‫ א‬3?( ∆X f = (5,8.10 −4 − 5,6.10 −4 ) = 2.10 −5 = 0,2.10 −4 :Q$z'!@ ( $‫{א‬i‫د‬/&]‫א‬Y ‫( س‬/‫א‬

 Xf ‫ل‬p|} ~]":'
5‫א‬:c&‫&א د‬/'‫א‬:  ‫و‬، ∆X f = (7,9.10 −4 − 5,0.10 −4 ) = 2,9.10 −4 :Q$z'!@ ( $‫{א‬i
 &g!pH!&‫א]&"د‬Y‫( سא‬/:= (3(*‫א‬$'‫א‬Za


NO2- ::c63&/%‫א‬Y‫א‬#- /‫א‬ − :F2‫و‬t
X W−"
→ H + + NO2
HNO2 
HNO2(aq) + H2O(l)  NO2-(aq)+ H3O+(aq) : Y‫א‬Z!- 4‫@–!
د&א‬

ττ = 22% : '( (‫ج‬


:= (3(*‫א‬- 4‫!
د&א‬ HNO2(aq) + H2O(l)  NO2 (aq)+ H3O+(aq)
-

 ‫  ا‬ (mol)‫ا م‬ (mol)‫آ ت ا  دة‬


&(=a‫א‬ x=0 C.V #% 0 0
- 4‫لא‬B x CV– x #% x x
&(= ?‫א‬ xf CV– xf #% xf xf
τ < 100 %.  ‫ود ن‬P‫و‬:pw Y‫وא‬63H‫א‬r- 4‫ א‬
Xmax = 50.10-3.10-2 = 5.10-4 mol :C?!‫و‬CV – Xmax = 08":- 4‫א‬$ a- X €،- 4Xmax,A ‫مא‬/‫ א‬
Xf
τ= ⇒ X f = τ . X max = 0,22.5.10 −4 = 1,1.10 −4 mol := ?‫مא‬/‫&א‬a 2!Xf:= ?‫مא‬/‫ א‬
X max

pH = 2,66 C?!‫ و‬H 3O +[ ] f


=
Xf
V
1,1.10 −4
=
50.10 −3
= 2,2.10 −4 mol.l −1  ?H3O+D( @ W،pH = -log H 3O +  [ ]
[
H 3O + f = ]
Xf
V

[ ]
= NO2 f = 2,2.10 − 4 mol.l −1 :&‫
د‬Y‫!א‬:&(AH‫ א‬

[HNO2 ]0 = C = [HNO2 ] + NO2 − [ ]


[HNO2 ] = C − [NO2 − ] = 10 −2 − 2,2.10 −4 = 7,78.10 −3 mol.l −1
:(#‫ د‬Y‫א‬y 4N‫)א‬

You might also like