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PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK STPM 2012 PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK STPM 2012
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PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK STPM 2012 PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK STPM 2012
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STRUCTURE
AND
ESSAY
(STRUKTUR
DAN
ESEI AKADEMIK
PROGRAM PENINGKATAN
PRESTASI AKADEMIK
STPM
2012 PROGRAM
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AKADEMIK STPM 2012
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Two
and a half
(Dua jamPENINGKATAN
setengah) PRESTASI AKADEMIK STPM 2012
PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI
AKADEMIK
STPMhours
2012 PROGRAM
PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK STPM 2012 PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK STPM 2012
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AKADEMIK STPM 2012
PROGRAM PENINGKATAN
PRESTASI
AKADEMIK
PROGRAM
PENINGKATAN
PRESTASI
AKADEMIK
STPM
2012STPM 2012
PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK STPM 2012 PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK STPM 2012
PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK STPM 2012 PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK STPM 2012

BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)

ANJURAN BERSAMA

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI KEDAH DARULAMAN

DAN MAJLIS PENGETUA SEKOLAH MENENGAH MALAYSIA (MPSM) KEDAH
Instructions to candidates :
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO
SO.
Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Answer any four questions in Section B. Write your answers on the answer sheets
provided. Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in
numerical order. Tie your answer sheets to this question paper.
Answers should be illustrated by large and clearly labelled diagrams when
required.

For examiners use

(Untuk kegunaan
pemeriksa)
Section A
(Bahagian A)
1
2
3

Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.

4
Arahan kepada calon :
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN IN SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN
BERBUAT DEMIKIAN.

Section B
(Bahagian B)

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Tulis jawapn anda dalam ruang yang
disediakan.
Jawab mana-mana empat soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda pada
helaian jawapan yang dibekalkan. Mulakansetiap jawapan anda pada helaian kertas
yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib berangka. Ikat helaian jawapan
anda bersama dengan kertas soalan ini.
Jawapan hendaklah disertai gambar rajah yang besar dan mempunyai label yang
jelas apabila dikehendaki.
Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Malaysia.

Total
(Jumlah)

This question paper consists of 17 printed pages and 1 blank page.

(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada 17 halaman bercetak dan 1 halaman kosong)
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2
Section A [40 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.

The diagram shows the tertiary structure of a molecule of enzyme RNase.

A

C
HO

sulphur-containing
amino acid
(a)

Name the functional group found at A?

[1 mark]

..
(b)

(i)

What is meant by tertiary structure?

[1 mark]

......
(ii)

The chemical mercaptoethanol breaks disulphide bonds (bridges).

Describe what would happen to the enzyme RNase if it were treated with
mercaptoethanol.

[3 marks]

.............................................
..
..

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3
Bahagian A [40 markah]
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

Gambar rajah menunjukkan struktur tertier protein bagi molekul enzim RNase.
A

C
HO

asid amino
mengandungi sulfur
(a)

Namakan kumpulan berfungsi yang terdapat di A.

[1 markah]

...........................................................................................................................................................................
(b)

(i)

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan struktur tertier?

[1 markah]

...........................................................................................................................................................................
(ii)

Bahan kimia mercaptoetanol dapat memutuskan ikatan disulfida. Terangkan apa yang
berlaku apabila enzim RNase dirawat dengan mercaptoetanol.
[3 markah]

...................................................................................................... .....................................................................
............................................................................................................................. ..............................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................

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(c)

State and describe two other bonds that are involved in folding and coiling of these
polypeptides.

[4 marks]

Bond : .
Description : ..
.
Bond : .
Description : ..
..
(d)

Proteins exhibit amphoteric behaviour. What is meant by amphoteric?

[1 mark]

..
..

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(c)

5
Nyatakan dan terangkan dua jenis ikatan lain yang terlibat dalam pembentukan lingkaran dan
lipatan polipeptida ini.
[4 markah]

Ikatan : .....................................................................................................................................................
Penerangan : ...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
Ikatan : ............................................................................................................. ........................................
Penerangan : ................................................................................................ ...........................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
(d)

Protein bersifat amfoterik. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan amfoterik?

[1 markah]

...........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................ ...................................................

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2

The following diagram shows the structure of a synapse.

A
B
C
D

(a)

Label the following structures and state their functions.

[4 marks]

Structure A : ....
Function : .....
...
Structure B : ....
Function : .....
...

(b)

Describe how an impulse is transmitted across C to D.

[4 marks]

...
...

...
...

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2

Rajah dibawah menunjukkan struktur sinaps saraf.

A
B
C
D

(a)

Labelkan struktur berikut dan nyatakan fungsinya.

[4 markah]

Struktur A : ....
Fungsi : ..
.....
Struktur B : ....
Fungsi : ..
.

(b)

Terangkan bagaimana penghantaran impuls merentasi C ke D.

[4 markah]

...................................................................................................... ...........................................................
.......................................................................................... .......................................................................
........................................................................................................ .........................................................
............................................................................................................... ...................................................
.
..................................................................................................................................................................

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(c)

State two reasons why an impulse can only travel in one direction.

[2 marks]

...
...
...

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(c)

9
Nyatakan dua sebab mengapa pengaliran impuls berlaku sehala sahaja.

[2 markah]

..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. .....................................

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3

10

The diagrams below show three types of growth curves of organisms.

100

Percentage increase
in mass

increase in mass/ g
per week

Mass/ g

X
Time/weeks

Time/weeks

(a)

(b)

State the type of growth curves above.

Time/weeks

[3 marks]

(i)

A :...........................................................................................................................................

(ii)

B :...........................................................................................................................................

(iii)

C :...........................................................................................................................................

State the phases represented by X and Y.

[2 marks]

X :....................................................................................................................................................
Y :....................................................................................................................................................

(c)

Explain the shape of curve B.

[3 marks]

............................................................................................................. ..............................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................... ....................
....................................................................................................................................................... ....................

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3

11

Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan tiga jenis lengkung pertumbuhan suatu organisma.

100

Peratus
pertambahan jisim

pertambahan jisim/ g
per minggu

Jisim/ g

Masa/ minggu

Masa/ minggu

A
(a)

(b)

Nyatakan jenis lengkung pertumbuhan di atas.

Masa/ minggu

C
[ 3 markah]

(i)

A :.................................................................................. .........................................................

(ii)

B :...........................................................................................................................................

(iii)

C :...........................................................................................................................................

Nyatakan fasa-fasa yang diwakili oleh X dan Y.

[ 2 markah]

X :....................................................................................................................................................
Y :....................................................................................................................................................

(c)

Terangkan bentuk lengkung B.

[ 3 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................... ....................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................... ....................
....................................................................................................................................................... ....................

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(d)
seed.

12

In the diagram below, predict and sketch what happens in the stage labelled Z in a germinating
[2 marks]
Mass/ g

Time/ week

...........................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................... ........................................................................

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(d)

13
Dalam gambar rajah di bawah, ramalkan dan lakarkan apa yang berlaku pada peringkat Z
semasa percambahan biji benih.
[ 2 markah]
Jisim/ g

Masa/ minggu

....................................................................................................................................................... ....................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................... ....................

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14

4
An experiment was done to determine the distribution of plants in an area by using a
sampling method. The quadrat size is 1m x 1m. The number of organisms from each species in
each quadrat is recorded in the table below.
Quadrat

10

Total

Mimosa sp.

13

15

10

16

12

86

Imperata sp.

31

43

18

12

14

10

15

57

48

42

290

Axonopus sp.

43

31

16

46

50

18

11

61

40

50

366

Total

87

74

40

73

74

28

34

124

104

104

742

Table 1
(a)

(b)

By using the data from the table, calculate :

(i)

density of Mimosa sp.

[2 marks]

(ii)

the frequency of Mimosa sp.

[2 marks]

(iii)

the relative frequency of the Mimosa sp.

[2 marks]

State two disadvantages of this method.

[2 marks]

(i) ....
(ii) ...

(c)

Name two other methods that can be used to determine the distribution of the plants of the
study area.
[2 marks]
(i) ...
(ii) ..

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15

4
Satu eksperimen telah dilakukan untuk menentukan taburan tumbuh-tumbuhan dalam satu kawasan
dengan menggunakan satu kaedah persampelan. Saiz kuadrat adalah 1m x 1m. Bilangan organisma
daripada setiap spesis dalam kuadrat direkodkan seperti dalam jadual.
Kuadrat

10

Jumlah

Mimosa sp.

13

15

10

16

12

86

Imperata sp.

31

43

18

12

14

10

15

57

48

42

290

Axonopus sp.

43

31

16

46

50

18

11

61

40

50

366

Jumlah

87

74

40

73

74

28

34

124

104

104

742

Jadual 1
(a)

(b)

Dengan menggunakan data daripada jadual ini, hitung :

(i)

kepadatan Mimosa sp.

[2 markah]

(ii)

frekuensi Mimosa sp.

[2 markah]

(iii)

frekuensi relatif Mimosa sp.

[2 markah]

Nyatakan dua kelemahan kaedah ini.

[2 markah]

(i) ...
(ii) ..

(c) Namakan dua kaedah lain yang boleh digunakan untuk menentukan taburan tumbuhan dalam
kawasan yang dikaji.
[2 markah]
(i)
(ii) ..................

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16
Section B [ 60 marks ]
Answer any four questions in this section.

(a)

Describe the transport of oxygen in human body.

[8 marks]

(b)

Discuss the structure of haemoglobin and how it carries oxygen.

[7 marks]

(a)

Name four major vessels carrying blood to and from the heart.

[4 marks]

(b)

Using suitable examples, differentiate between a vein and an artery.

[6 marks]

(c)

Explain ventricular systole.

[5 marks]

Describe the development of the fruit and seed after fertilisation.

(a)

Explain non-disjunction.

[15 marks]

[3 marks]

(b) With the aid of a schematic diagram, explain the non-disjunction of homologous chromosomes
in Turner Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome during spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
[12 marks]

10

(a)

Explain the steps involved in using gene therapy to treat genetic disorder.

(b)

Outline how genetic fingerprinting is carried out in the field of forensic science.

(a)

State the structural differences between Marchantia and Dryopteris.

[5 marks]
[10 marks]

[5 marks]

(b) Insects are animals that are very successful in terms of the number of species and individuals.
Explain the characteristics of insects that contribute to their success in diverse habitat.
[10 marks]

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17
Bahagian B [60 markah]
Jawab mana-mana empat soalan dalam bahagian ini.

(a)

Jelaskan pengangkutan oksigen dalam badan manusia.

[8 markah]

(b)

Bincangkan struktur haemoglobin dan bagaimana ia membawa oksigen.

[7 markah]

(a)

Namakan empat salur darah utama yang mengangkut darah dari dan ke jantung.

[4 markah]

(b)

Dengan menggunakan contoh-contoh yang sesuai, bezakan antara vena dan arteri. [6 markah]

(c)

Terangkan ventrikular sistole.

Perihalkan perkembangan buah dan biji selepas persenyawaan.

(a)

Terangkan tak disjungsi.

[5 markah]

[15 markah]

[3 markah]

(b) Dengan bantuan gambar rajah skema, terangkan tak disjungsi kromosom homolog dalam
sindrom Turner dan sindrom Klinefelter semasa spermatogenesis dan oogenesis.
[12 markah]

9
(a)
genetik.

Terangkan langkah-langkah yang terlibat dalam terapi gen untuk merawat ketidaknormalan
[5 markah]

(b)

Lakarkan bagaimana pengecapjarian genetik dijalankan dalam bidang sains forensik.

[10 markah]

(a)

Nyatakan perbezaan struktur antara Marchantia sp. dan Dryopteris sp.

10

[5 markah]

(b) Serangga merupakan haiwan yang berjaya dalam hal bilangan spesis dan jumlah individu.
Jelaskan ciri-ciri serangga yang menyumbangkan kepada kejayaan mereka mendiami kepelbagaian
habitat.
[10 markah]

Rozaini Othman
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