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The Globalization of World Politics

An introduction to international relations Second Edition


Edited by

John Baylis and Steve Smith

OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS

Detailed contents
Introduction From international politics to world politics Theories of world politics The three theories and globalization Globalization and its precursors Globalization: myth or reality? 1 The globalization of world politics Introduction: a globalizing world Globalization: a definition Globalization and the states-system Post-sovereign governance The challenge of global democracy Conclusion 2 The evolution of international society Origins and definitions Ancient Greece and Renaissance Italy , European international society The globalization of international society Problems of global international society 3 International history 1 9 0 0 - 1 9 4 5 Introduction The origins of World War One Peace-making, 1919: the Versailles settlement The global economic slump, 1929-1933 The origins of World War Two in Asia and the Pacific The path to war in Europe Conclusion 4 International history 1 9 4 5 - 1 9 9 0 Introduction End of empire The cold war The bomb Conclusion i 2 2 5 7 9 n 13 14 20 24 28 30 35 35 38 42 45 46 51 52 53 56 60 63 66 71 74 75 76 79 84 88

xiv DETAILED CONTENTS 5 The end of the cold war Introduction Internal factors: the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe External factors: relations with the United States The interaction between internal and external environments Conclusion 92 92 94 99 102 105 107

International history since 1989


Introduction Competing visions of the post-cold war world Global trends in the post-cold war era Conclusion: a farewell to arms

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111 113 119 135 141 141 147 150 155 162 163 164 171 177

Realism Introduction: the timeless wisdom of Realism One Realism or many? The essential Realism Conclusion: Realism and the globalization of world politics

Liberalism Introduction Varieties of Liberalism Three Liberal responses to globalization Conclusion and postscript: the crisis of Liberalism

Contemporary mainstream approaches: neo-realism and neo-liberalism Introduction Neo-realism Neo-liberalism The neo-neo debate Neo-liberals and neo-realists on globalization Conclusion: narrowing the agenda of international relations

182 183 185 188 191 194 196 200 200 203 205 209 214 216 220

10 Marxist theories of International Relations Introduction: the continuing relevance of Marxism The essential elements of Marxist theories of world politics World-system theory Gramscianism Critical theory New Marxism Marxist theories of International Relations and-globalization

DETAILED CONTENTS xv 11 Reflectivist and constructivist approaches to international theory Introduction Explanatory/constitutive theories and foundational/anti-foundational theories Reflectivist theories Bridging the gap: social constructivism Conclusion 12 International and global security in the post-cold war era Introduction What is meant by the concept of security? The traditional approach to national security The difficulties of co-operation between states The opportunities for co-operation between states Alternative views on international and global security The continuing tensions between national, international, and global security Conclusions 13 International political economy in an age of globalization Introduction The post-war world economy The rise of IPE in the study of international relations Traditional approaches to IPE: liberal, mercantilist, and Marxian New approaches to IPE The globalization debate in IPE International institutions in the globalizing world economy Conclusions 14 International regimes Introduction The nature of regimes Competing theories of regime formation Conclusion 15 Diplomacy What is diplomacy? Diplomacy and world politics Diplomacy and foreign policy Conclusion 226 229 242 246 253 254 254 256 258 259 265 271 273 277 278 278 283 285 287 290 294 297 299 299 302 306 313 317 317 319 325 329

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16 The United Nations and international order A brief history of the United Nations

331 332

xvi DETAILED CONTENTS Problems within the state and problems between states The United Nations and conditions within states The United Nations and maintaining international order The United Nations and intervention within states The United Nations and forms of involvement within states Sovereignty and the competence of international organization A typology of the roles of the United Nations in 2000 Conclusions 17 Transnational actors and international organizations in global politics Introduction Problems with the state-centric approach Transnational companies as political actors Non-legitimate groups and liberation movements as political actors Non-governmental organizations as political actors International organizations as structures of global politics Issues and policy systems in global politics 18 Environmental issues Introduction: international environmental issues Environmental issues on the international agenda: a historic outline Issues and challenges in international environmental politics The development and implementation of environmental regimes The Rio Conference and its outcomes Conclusion 19 Nuclear proliferation Introduction The nature of nuclear weapons and their effects The global diffusion of nuclear and ballistic weapon technology Theorizing nuclear proliferation and non-proliferation Will more nuclear weapons be better or worse? The evolution of the global nuclear non-proliferation regime Conclusion 20 Nationalism Nationalism and globalization Nationalism as ideology Nationalism as a movement Nationalism and international relations Four debates The effects of globalization: towards a post-nationalist age? 335 336 339 340 343 345 347 350

356 357 359 362 367 369 375 377 387 387 389 393 398 404 410 415 416 418 419 422 428 429 434 440 441 443 445 446 448 453

DETAILED CONTENTS

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21 Culture in world affairs


' Culture in human affairs The counter-revolutionaries of the global age The counter revolution at the civilizational level: the case of Islam Conclusion 22 Humanitarian intervention and world politics Introduction What is humanitarian intervention? Objections to legitimizing humanitarian intervention The Solidarist case for humanitarian intervention State practice during the cold war Post-cold war humanitarian interventions Globalization and non-forcible humanitarian intervention Conclusion 23 European a n d regional i n t e g r a t i o n Introduction The evolution of the European Union Conceptualizing European integration The role of the European institutions The EU in world politics The global context to European integration Beyond Europe: the global rise of regionalism Conclusion 24 Global trade and finance Introduction A globalizing economy Global trade Global finance Limits to economic globalization Conclusion 25 The communications and Internet revolution Introduction and historical backdrop The Internet and World Wide Web revolution The impact of the information revolution on actors The information revolution and challenges for government policies The impact of the information revolution on international relations Conclusion

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456 460 463 468 470 471 472 473 475 476 479 488 490 494 495 495 498 501 507 510 513 516 519 519 520 526 528 533 537 540 541 544 549 551 553 556

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DETAILED CONTENTS 26 Poverty, d e v e l o p m e n t , and h u n g e r Introduction Poverty Development Hunger Looking to the future: globalization with a human face? 27 Gender issues Introduction Feminisms Gender in the global political economy Gender and nationalism Globalizing gender issues Conclusion 28 Human rights Introduction On rights in general The modern liberal synthesis on human rights 1948 and the modern agenda The politics of human rights promotion Universalism challenged Conclusion .
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559 559 561 562 574 578 582 582 583 586 589 592 594 597 599 599 602 604 606 607 610 612 617 618 620 622 624 629 631 634 635 636 639 642 643 645 647

Gendering international politics

29 Globalization and the transformation of political community Introduction: what is a political community? Nationalism and political community Community and citizenship The changing nature of political community The dangers of new forms of political community? Conclusion 30 Globalization and the post-cold war order Introduction A typology of order The elements of contemporary order Is there a post-cold war order? Globalization and the end of the cold war An international order of globalized states Conclusion

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