Chapter 27

Typical Core Analysis of

Different Formations
R.E. Jenkins. cw

Lahoracorie\ ~nc.

Introduction
The early-day analysis of cores was largely an art, a
qualitative matter of odors and tastes, sucking on the rock,
and visual examination. The science of core analysis has
evolved from such early beginnings, using developments
in instrumental methods of chemical and physical analyses as they became available. Electron microscopy, mass
spectrometry, gas chromatography, high-frequency phase
analysis, acoustic wave train analysis, and nuclear magnetic relaxation analysis are among the tools being used
in the more sophisticated core testing today.
Many other techniques are available now to assist the
geologist and petroleum engineer in the completion of
wells and the evaluation and operation of oil and gas reservoirs, but core analysis still remains the basic tool for
obtaining reliable information on the rock material penetrated. Study of representative core samples of an oilor gas-bearing formation provides the only means for
direct measurement of many important properties of the
formation.
The minimum basic measurements made on cores
generally comprise determination of porosity at no confining pressure, permeability at low confining pressure,
and residual fluid saturations. Various supplementary routine tests such as chloride, oil gravity, directional permeability, grain density, and grain size frequently are
made as an aid in interpretation and evaluation. These data
are the subject of this chapter.

Porosity
Porosity is a measure of the void space or storage capacity of a reservoir material. Normally it is expressed as
a percentage of bulk volume (%BV). Porosity may be
determined by measurement of any two of the three
quantities-grain volume, void volume, and bulk volume.
Various generally acceptable methods and techniques for
determining porosity are used by different laboratories.
The void volume may be determined on a previously
cleaned and dried sample by extraction or gas or air con-

tent, by saturation with a liquid, or by calculation from

Boyles law upon compression or expansion of gas in the
pore spaces of the sample. The other widely used method
involves the separate determination of the gas, oil, and
water contents of the sample, and the summation of these
three values to obtain PV.
Most of the porosity data reported in the tables here
were determined by the summation-of-fluids method.
Comparison of porosity values obtained on samples from
several thousand feet of core where measurements were
made by both the summation-of-j&ids method and by a
Boyles law method showed agreements, in general, of
0.1 to 0.5% porosity. Extensive checks of porosity values
by resaturation with brine have shown values slightly lower than by the other procedures, indicating approximately 98 to 99% resaturation.

Permeability
The permeability of a formation sample is a measure of
its ability to transmit fluid. The permeability determination involves measurement of the rate of flow of a fluid
of known viscosity through a shaped sample under a measured pressure differential. Air is the fluid normally used
because of its convenience, availability, and relative inertness toward the core material. For many years, airpermeability measurements were corrected to an equivalent liquid permeability by use of the well-known
Klinkenberg corrections. The permeability values reported
in Tables 27.1 through 27.11 have been corrected to the
equivalent liquid-permeability values, except as noted in the next paragraph.
In the whole-core orfill-diameter core analysis procedures, permeability is frequently measured in two horizontal directions. One measurement is made in the direction
of the major fracture planes and is reported as k. This
value indicates the effectiveness of the fractures as flow
channels. The core sample is then rotated 90 and the second measurement is made in a direction of flow perpendicular to the direction of the first measurement. This
(continued on page 9)

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

27-2

TABLE 27.1 -ARKANSAS

Formation

Fluid
Production

Blossom
Cotton Valley
Glen Rose
Graves

C/O
Cl0
0
Cl0

How

Meakin
Nacatoch
Paluxy
Pettit
Rodessa+
Smackover*
Tokio
Travis Peak
Tuscaloosa

G/:0
Cl0
0
0

Gl:lO
c/o
c/o
Cl0

Range of
Production
Deoth
2,190
5,530
2,470
2.400
3: 145
2,270
1,610
2,850
4.010
5:990
6.340
2,324
2,695
3,020

to
to
to
to

to

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

Average
Production
Deoth

Range of
Production
Thickness

Average
Production
Thickness
(fu

2,422
6,774
3,052
2.564
31195
2,485
2,000
3,868
4.933
61050
8,260
2,640
3,275
3,080

3 to 28
4 to 79
5 to 15
2 to 26
12 to 33
2 to 20
6 to 45
6 to 17
4to19
8 to 52
2 to 74
2to 19
3 to 25
4 to 25

15
20
10
11
17
11
20
12
11
16
16
13
10
15

2,655
8,020
3,835
2.725
31245
2,605
2,392
4,690
5.855
6;120
9,330
2,955
5,185
3,140

Range of
Permeability
(md)
1.6
0.6
1.6
1.2
6.5
3.0
0.7
5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.4

to
to
to
to
to
to
to

to
to
to
to

to
to
to

8,900
4,620
5,550
4,645
51730
6,525
6,930
13,700
698
980
12,600
11,500
6,040
3,760

Indicates fluid Droduced: G = aas: C = condensate. 0 = oil

Specific
zone not identified k&ally
Includes data from Mitchell and Glcyd zones.
Includes data from Smackover Lime and Reynolds zones

TABLE 27.2-EAST

Formation
Bacon
Cotton Vallev
Fredericksburg
Gloyd
Henderson
Hill
Mitchell
Mooringsport
Nacatoch
Paluxy
Pecan Gap
Pettit*
Rodessa
Sub-Clarksvillet
Travis Peak*
Wolfe Citv
Woodbine
Young

Fluid
Production
c/o
C
0
Cl0
GICIO
Cl0
0
0
0
:
G/C/O
Cl0
0
Cl0
C410
C

Range of
Production
Depth
ffB
6,665
8,448
2,330
4,612
5,976
4,799
5,941
3,742
479
4,159
1,233
5.967
4,790
3,940
5,909
981
2,753
5,446

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

7,961
8,647
2,374
6,971
6,082
7,666
6,095
3,859
1,091
7,867
1,636
8.379
81756
5,844
8,292
2,054
5,993
7,075

Small amount of Navarro data combined with Nacatoch

Data for Pinsburg, Potter, and upper Pettit combined wlfh Peltil
Small amount of Eagleford data combined with subClarksvW
*Data for Page cambmed with Travis Peak.

TEXAS AREA

Average
Production
Depth
(W
7,138
8,458
2,356
5,897
6.020
5;928
6,010
3,801
743
5.413
1:434
7,173
6,765
4.892
6,551
1,517
4,373
6,261

Range of
Production
Thickness
(ft)
3 to 24
7 to 59
5 to 8
3 to 35
3 to 52
3to 16
3 to 43
4 to 12
2 to 21
7 to 46
5 to 20
2 to 23
4 to 42
3 to 25
2 to 30
6 to 22
2 to 45
4 to 33

Average
Production
Thickness
(fi)
11
33
7
19
12
9
21
8
12
27
13
11
17
12
11
13
14
17

Range of
Permeability
fmd)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
1.9
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

2,040
352
4.6
560
490
467
487
55
4,270
9,600
55
3,670
1,180
9,460
180
470
13,840
610

HANDBOOK

27-3

TYPICAL CORE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT FORMATIONS

TABLE 27.1- -ARKANSAS

Average
Permeability
(md)
1,685
333
732
1.380
1;975
1,150
142
1,213
61
135
850
2,100
460
506

Range of
Porosity
w
15.3 to 40
11.3 to 34
17.3 to 38
9.8 to 40
14.4 to 41
17.1 to 40
9.9 to 41
15.1 to 32
6.2 to 28
5.1 to 28
1.1 to 34
13.6 to 42
9.4 to 36
15.6 to 39

Range of
Oil
Saturation
w
1.2 to 36
0.9 to 37
4.0 to 52
0.3 to 29
2.6 to 56
0.6 to 43
0.2 to 52
7.5 to 49
9.1 to 29
0.7 to 26
0.7 to 41
0.9 to 57
0.5 to 36
0.3 to 53

Average
Porosity
w
32.4
20.3
23.4
34.9
30.9
31.8
30.5
26.9
15.4
16.5
14.2
32.1
24.3
27.3

TABLE 27.2-EAST

Average
Permeability
0-W
113
39
1.2
21
19
70
33
5
467
732
6
65
51
599
42
32
1,185
112

Range of
Porosity
w
1.5 to 24.3
6.9 to 17.7
11.9 to 32.6
8.0 to 24.0
7.0 to 26.2
6.4 to 32.2
7.2 to 29.0
5.3 to 19.6
13.4 to 40.9
6.3 to 31 .l
16.3 to 38.1
4.5 to 25.8
2.3 to 29.0
6.2 to 38.0
5.6 to 25.8
17.1 t0 38.4
9.7 t0 38.2
4.4 to 29.8

Average
Porosity
Pi8
15.2
11.7
23.1
14.9
15.2
15.6
15.5
14.6
27.1
21.6
26.8
14.7
14.5
24.8
15.0
27.9
25.5
19.7

(continued)

Average
Oil
Saturation
(W

Range of
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
VW

20.1
13.1
21 .o
16.8
19.9
12.9
4.9
21.2
12.7
14.8
12.8
25.6
14.3
14.0

24
21
28
19
26
24
41
28
25
25
21
17
16
31

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

Average
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
w

55
43
50
34
34
63
70
43
44
38
50
43
48
63

32
35
36
30
27
43
54
35
30
31
31
27
36
45

TEXAS AREA (continued)

Range of
Oil
Saturation
W)
2.7 to 20.6
1.1 to 11.6
3.3 to 39.0
trace to 24.3
0.8 to 23.3
0.9 to 26.7
1.8 to 25.9
2.8 to 26.6
0.6 to 37.4
2.2 to 48.7
3.5 to 49.8
0.9 to 31.6
trace to 25.3
1.4 to 34.6
0.1 to 42.8
1.5 to 37.4
0.7 to 35.7
trace to 4.5

Average
Oil
Saturation
Wol
8.6
2.5
20.8
8.2
10.6
12.2
12.5
13.8
14.5
24.1
12.9
9.8
5.3
17.9
12.5
15.6
14.5
0.8

Range of
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
toa
9 to
13 to
35 to
16 to
21 lo
23 to
15 to
29 to
24 to
22 to
30 to
10 to
6 to
12 to
17to
23 to
14 to
13 to

22
32
43
45
44
47
47
48
55
47
56
35
42
60
38
68
65
27

Average
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
to4
16
25
41
31
27
33
29
40
41
30
46
23
23
33
28
46
35
21

27-4

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

TABLE 27.3-NORTH

Formation
Annona Chalk
Buckrange
Cotton Valley a
Eagleford
Fredericksburg
Haynesville
Hosston
Nacatoch
Paluxy
PettitC
Pine Island d
Rodessae
Schuler
Sligog
Smackover
Travis Peakh
Tuscaloosa

Fluid
Production
0
c/o
GlClO
C
G/C
C
Cl0
0
Cl0
c/o
0
G/C/O
GICIO
Cl0
Cl0
c/o
GICIO

Range of
Production
Depth
m
1,362 to 1,594
1,908 to 2,877
3,850 to 9,450
8,376 to 8,417
6,610 to 9,880
10,380 to 10,530
5,420 to 7,565
1,223 to 2,176
2,195 to 3,240
3,995 to 7,070
4,960 to 5,060
3,625 to 5,650
5,500 to 9,190
2,685 to 5,400
9,960 to 10,790
5,890 to 7,900
2,645 to 9,680

LOUISIANA

Average
Production
Depth
(fu
1,480
2,393
7,450
8,397
8,220
10,420
6,480
1,700
2,717
5,690
5,010
4,860
8,450
4,500
10,360
6,895
5,184

HANDBOOK

AREA

Range of
Production
Thickness
vv
15 to 69
2 to 24
4 to 37
9to11
6 to a
22 to 59
5to 15
6to 12
2 to 28
3 to 30
5to 13
6 to 52
4 to 51
3 to 21
6 to 55
7 to 35
4 to 44

Average
Production
Thickness
m
42
13
20
10
7
40
12
8
16
14
9
18
19
7
24
18
24

Range of
Permeability
W)
0.1 to 2 5
0.1 to 2,430
0.1 to 7,350
3.5 to 3,040
1.6 to 163
0.1 to 235
0.4 to 1,500
27 to 5,900
0.2 to 3,060
0.1 to 587
0.2 to 1,100
0.1 to 2,190
0.1 to 3,180
0.1 to 1,810
0.1 to 6,190
0.1 to 2,920
0.1 to 5,750

iDat. reported where member formatlon of Cotton Valley group not readlfy tdentlflable
Data reported as Eutaw in come areas
Includes data reported es Pettlt. Upper Petilt, and Mid-Pettit. eometlmes considered the same as Sllgo
Sometimes
referred to as Woodruff.
; Includes data reported localy for Jeter, HIII. Kllpatrlck, and Fowler zonee
includes data reported focally for Bodcaw, Vaughn, Doris, McFerrin, and Justiss zones.
; Includes data reported as BIrdsong-Owens
Frequently considered the same as Hosston

TABLE 27.4-CALIFORNIA

Formation
Eocene, lower
Miocene

Miocene, upper

Miocene, lower

Oligocene

Pliocene

Area
San Joaquin
Valley a
Los Angeles
Basin and
Coastal b
San Joaquin
ValleyC
Los Angeles
Basin and
Coastal d
San Joaquin
VaIleye
Los Angeles
Basin and
Coastal
San Joaquin
Valleyg
Coastal h
San Joaquin
Valley
Los Angeles
Basin and
Coastal

Range of
Production
Fluid
Depth
Production
(fi)
6,820 to 8,263
0

Average
Production
Depth
(ft)
7,940

Range of
Production
Thickness
(ft)

Average
Production
Thickness
(fi)

Range of
Permeability
(md)
35 to 2,000

Average
Permeability
(md)
518

2,870 to 9,530

5,300

60 to 450

165

IO to 4.000

300

1,940 to 7,340

4,210

10 to 1,200

245

4 to 7,500

1,000

2,520 to 6,860

4,100

5 to 1,040

130

86 to 5.000

1.110

2,770 to 7,590

5,300

30 to 154

76

15 to 4,000

700

3,604 to 5,610

4,430

20 to 380

134

256 to 1.460

842

4,589 to 4,717

4,639

10 to 2,000

528

0
0

5,836 to 6,170
2,456 to 3,372

6,090
2,730

5 to 80

33

20 to 400
279 to 9,400

107
1,250

2,050 to 3,450

2,680

100

25 to 4,500

1,410

aMainiy dala from Gatchell zone

%zludes
Uooe, and Lowe, Terminal. Umon Paclflc Ford. 237. and Sesnon zonee
clnctudes Kernco, Repubhc, and 26R zoee.
d Includes Jones and Maw zOeS
; Includes JV. Obese. and Phamdes zones
Manly data from Vaqueros zone
z Manly data from Oceanic zone
Mmly data fro Sespe zone
lnciudes Sub Mullma and Sub Scaler No 1 and No 2 zones
: Includes Ranger and Tar zone?,
O&based data show high oil ?.at,at,o [average 61%) and low water ( 3 to 54%. average 15%)
O,l-based data show range 27 6 to 52 4 and average of 42.3% not Included I above 011Saturation Values

27-5

TYPICAL CORE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT FORMATIONS

TABLE 27.3-NORTH

Average
Permeability

b-4
0.7
305
135
595
z;
140
447
490
26
285
265
104
156
220
357
706

Range of
Porosity

LOUISIANA

Average
Porosity

(O/o)

(O/o)-

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

26.8
31.4
13.1
22.9
19.9
13.4
18.6
31.4
27.2
14.3
20.6
19.1
15.0
21.1
12.9
19.4
27.6

14.3
13.4
3.5
12.8
12.8
5.5
8.8
25.8
9.6
4.5
8.5
5.1
3.6
7.3
3.4
7.0
10.7

36.4
41
34
28
23.1
23.1
29
40
39
27
27
34
27.4
35
23
27
36

Average
Oil Saturation

Range of
Gil
Saturation

W)
6.0
0.7
0.0
1.6
1.7
1.1
0.0
2.5
0.1
0.1
13.3
0.0
0.0
0.6
1.1
0.1
0.0

to
to
to
lo
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

40
51
14
28
4.3
14.5
35
33
48
59
37
31
24
27
22
35
37

TABLE 27.4-CALIFORNIA

Range of
Oil
Saturation
to4
8 to 23

AREA (continued)
Range of
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation

(ON

to4

22.0
22.6
3.1
4.3
2.7
5.1
8.6
19.5
11 .a
15.6
24.1
2.9
4.8
9.8
7.2
8.6
8.5

24 to 40
29 to 47
11 to40
35 to 49
31 to 41
18 to 37
45 IO 54
23 lo 55
10 to 43
16to30
21 to 38
8 to 51
12 to 47
9 to 47
26 to 38
31 to 61

:A
28
47
35
29
22
30
25
31
25
31
43

Average
Oil
Saturation
to4
14.1

Range of
Total
Water
Saturation
to4
16 to 51

Average
Total
Water
Saturation
PM
35

Range of
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
W)
15 to 49

Average
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
co4
35

Range of
Gravity
(OAPI)

Average
Gravity
(OAPI)

28 to 34

31

36

15 to 32

26

12 to 62

30

13 to 34

23

44

12 to 61

30

11 to 33

21

25 to 80

51

14to67

36

15 to 40

34

32 to 67

53

27 to 60

37

34 to 36

35

2 to 60

43

3 to 45

30

37 to 38

38

11.8
24.1

19 to 56
33 to 84

46
54

15 to 52
10 to 61

42
34

18 to 44

25
24

45

19 to 54

38

10 to 40

21

12 to 23

15

Average
Porosity
w
20.7

15 to 40

28.5

6 to 65

18.6

25 to 77

50

15 to 72

17 to 40

28.2

9 to 72

32k

20 to 6Bk

5ok

19.5 to 39

30.8

10 to 55

25

22 to 72

20 to 38

26.4

4 to 40

19

21 to 29

24.3

13 to 20

15.8

19 to 34

26.3

12 to 40

22

15to22
30 to 36

19.5
34.8

24 to 41

35.6

15 to 80

37
35
24
36

(continued)

Range of
Porosity
(O/o)
14 to 26

6to 17
7 to 43

Average
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
to4

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

27-6

TABLE 27.5-TEXAS

Formation

Fluid
Production

Catahoula
Frito
Jackson
Marginulina
Oakville
Vicksburg
Wilcox

0
Cl0
0
C
SO

Range of
Production
Depth

(ft)

3,600
1,400
600
6,500
2,400
3,000
6,000
1,800

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

GULF COAST-CORPUS

Average
Production
Depth

4,800
9,009
5,OQO
7,309
3,100
9,000
8,000
4,000

Includes counties in Texas Railroad Commission

Starr. Aransas, and Ouval.

3,900
6,100
3,100
7,800
2,750
6,280
7,200
3,BOo

Formation
Frio
Marginulina
Miocene
Vicksburg

Woodbine
Yegua

C
0
C
:
0
C
0
C
:
G/C
0

Range of
Production
Depth
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

Average
Production
Depth

Range of
Production
Thickness

11,500
11,200
8,300
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,500
8,200
11,500
10,200
4,400
8,700
9,700

8,400
7,800
7,800
5,400
4,000
3,700
8,100
7,400
9,100
7,900
4,300
6,800
6,600

TABLE 27.7-LOUISIANA

Formation

Fluid
Production

Miocene

Oligocene

C
0
G/C

Tuscaloosa
Water salurations

from logs

Average
Production
Thickness
m
8
13
9
7
22
12
60
7

GULF COAST-HOUSTON

(fb
4,000
4,600
7,100
4,700
2,900
2,400
7,400
6,900
5,800
2,300
4,100
4,400
3,700

CHRISTI AREA

Range of
Permeability
(md)
45 to 2,500
5 to 9,000
5 to 2,900
7 to 300

Average
Permeability
(md)
670
460
350
75

25
4 to 2,900
1,800
1 to 380
6 to 1,900

z
50
390

Dist. 4 Jim Wells. San Patricia, Webb, Brooks, Nueces, Jim Hogg. Hidalgo, W~llacy,

TABLE 27.6-TEXAS

Fluid
Production

Range of
Production
Thickness
(fo
1 to 18
3 to 57
2 to 23
5to 10
5 to 35
4 to 38
30 to 120
3 to 21

HANDBOOK

Range of
Production
Depth
(fi)
5,208 to 14,900
2,700 to 12,700
7,300 to 14,600
6,700 to 12,000
17,533 to 18,906

Average
Production
Depth
(fi)
11,200
9,000
9,800
9,400
17,742

(W

2 to
2 to
4 to
4 to
3 to
2to
1 to
3 to
5 to
3 to
6 to
3 to
2 to

AREA

Average
Production
Thickness

uu

12.3
10.4
17.5
5.7
5.5
7.2
2.0
9.3
19.1
10.0
8.2
11.0
8.5

50
34
28
10
a
16
6
18
94
29
13
63
59

Range of
Permeability

Average
Permeability

(md)
18
33
308
355
124
71
50
190
3.0
9.0
14
24
23

to
to
to
to
lo
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
lo

9,200
9,900
3,870
1,210
13,100
7,660
105
1,510
1,880
2,460
680
5,040
4,890

810
1.100
2;340
490
2,970
2,140
86
626
96
195
366
750
903

GULF COAST

Range of
Production
Thickness
(fi)
3 to 98
3 to 32
2 to 80
2 to 39
15 to 94

Average
Production
Thickness
(fi)
20.2
11.0
14.6
8.3
61

Range of
Permeability
(md)
36 to 6,180
45 to 9,470
18 to 5,730
64 to 5,410
1 to 2,000

Average
Permeability
Imdt
1,010
1,630
920
1,410
139

TYPICAL CORE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT FORMATIONS

TABLE 27.5-TEXAS

Range of
Porosity
I%1
17
11
16
14
21
14
15
22

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

Average
Porosity

w
30

36
37
38
30
35
32
25
38

27
27
24
28
24
19
29

GULF COAST-CORPUS

Range of
Oil

W)
1 to
2 to
3 to
1 to
9 to
1 to
0 to
4 to

30
38
32
4
30
17
IO
40

TABLE 27.6-TEXAS

Range of
Porosity

(Oh)
18.3
21.8
35.0
20.5
28.6
23.5
26.5
29.5
14.5
16.2
23.5
23.4
22.9

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

38.4
37.1
37.0
37.3
37.6
38.1
31.0
31.8
27.4
34.0
26.7
37.8
30.5

Average
Porosity

28.6
29.8
35.9
32.6
33.2
35.2
27.1
30.4
19.6
21.9
25.5
30.7
31.6

Range of
Oil
Saturation
VW
0.1 to 6.0
4.6 to 41.2
0.2 to 0.8
8.1 to 21.8
0.2 to 1.5
11 .o to 29.0
0.0 to 1.5
14.4 to 20.3
0.2 to 10.0
4.6 to 20.5
10.7 to 27.4
0.1 to 15.5
3.5 to 21.8

27-7

Average
Oil
Saturation
(04
1.o
13.5
0.5
15.3
0.5
16.6
0.2
15.3
1.5
9.7
20.1
1.2
11.4

Average
Oil
Saturation
(%I
14
13
15
2
18
7
17

Average
Porosity
w
27.3
30.0
27.7
29.0
18

Range of
oil
Saturation
(Oh)
0.1
6.5
0.5
5.2
26

to
to
to
to
to

4.7
26.9
8.9
20.0
44

Average
OilSaturation
w
1.5
14.3
2.3
11.1
-

Range of
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
(ON
30 to 44
20 to 59
21 to 70
20 to 40
32 to 48
26 to 54
22 to 65
14 to 48

Average
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
tow
36
34
45
34
i;t

Range of
Gravity
(=API)
23
23
22
55
23
37
53
20

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

GULF COAST-HOUSTON

AREA (continued)

Range of
Total
Water
Saturation
P4
34 to 72
24 to 79
33 to 61
48 to 68
55 to 73
45 to 69
66 to 76
45 lo 55
27 lo 62
32 to 72
34.4 to 72.7
26 lo 74
31 to 73

Range of
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
w
20 to 63
12 to 61
14 to 31
25 to 47
23 to 53
21 to 55
53 to 61
26 to 36
20 to 54
20 to 50
24 to 59
17 to 59
17 to 53

TABLE 27.7-LOUISIANA

Range of
Porosity
Pw
15.7 to 37.6
18.3 to 39.0
16.7 to 37.6
22.1 to 36.2
5 to 29

CHRISTI AREA (continued)

to
to
to
to
to

::
74
53
46
47
46
57
57

Average
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
(%I
34
33
21
36
3:
56
35
30
iz
33
34

29
41
37
60

fs5
58
32

Range of
Gravity
(OAPI)

Average
Gravity
(API)

25 to 42

36

25 to 30

26

21 to 34

25

22 to 37

35

19 to 42
26 to 28

34
27

30 to 46

37

Range of
Gravity
(OAPI)
25 to 42

Average
Gravity
(=API)
36
38
47

GULF COAST (continued)

Range of
Total
Water
Saturation
W)
37
30
33
34
36

Average
Total
Water
Saturation
w
54
52
46
59

30
40
46
68
26
65
63
40

Average
Gravity
(OAPI)

79
72
71
70
60

Average
Total
Water
Saturation
w
53
51
51

Range of
Cal&ated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
rw
20 to 74
18to50
19 to 57
23 to 60
55

Average
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
(w
35
32
32
35
-

29 to 44
40 to 53

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

27-8

TABLE 27.8-COMPARATIVE

Formation
Frio

DATA-SIDEWALL
(S.W.) VS. CONVENTIONAL
LOUISIANA GULF COAST AREAS

Area

Type
Analysis

Average
Depth
(ft)

Average
Permeability
W)

Average
Porosity
to4

Average Oil
Saturation
(% pore space)

Average Total
Water Saturation
(O/opore space)

Houston

SW.
Cow.
SW.
Conv.
S.W.
Conv.
S.W.
Conv.
SW.
Conv.
S.W.
Conv.
S.W.
Conv.
SW.
Conv.
SW.
Conv.
SW.
Conv.
S.W.
Conv.
S.W.
Conv.
SW.
Conv.
S.W.
Conv.

8,945
9,037
7.174
8.622
4:902
6,789
5,456
6,399
8.148
$826
8,276
8,415
7,240
7,693
7,369
7,099
3,861
4,194
2,824
3,625
10,664
11,500
8,996
10,171
4,286
4,040
4,504
4,383

62
813
317
1,895
238
1,496
681
641
75
235
176
791
147
277
302
603
119
558
634
576
312
748
327
1,300
180
578
346
867

27.5
26.7
30.8
27.7
27.2
26.5
29.5
28.5
27.3
26.8
27.1
28.7
27.9
29.7
29.9
31.6
26.8
31 .a
33.3
31 .a
28.2
27.4
28.2
26.6
28.5
29.0
30.4
29.8

0.7
0.7
14.6
14.6
0.8
1.1
19.5
16.3
4.2
1.9
10.0
7.9
0.2
0.7
10.5
11.7
3.2
1.7
20.9
19.9
2.5
2.1
10.1
14.8
0.5
0.7
17.7
20.0

64
49
56
47
64
53
53
51
69

Corpus Christi

C
0

Louisiana

C
0

Houston

C
0

Corpus Christi

C
0

Miocene
(includes
Catahoula)

TEXAS AND

Fluid
Production

Yegua
(includes
Cockfield)

(CONV.) ANALYSIS,

HANDl3OOK

Louisiana

C
0

Corpus Christi

C
0

second value is normally reported as kw , and it is usually

representative of the matrix permeability. Values for kw
are reported in the following tables for formations that
are normally subjected to the whole-core or full-diameter
core analysis procedures. These values are not corrected
to equivalent liquid-permeability values.

Liquid Saturations
In the coring process, the core is exposed to the drilling
fluid at a pressure greater than formation pressure. If the
core contains oil or gas, some portion of this is flushed
out and replaced by the drilling-fluid filtrate. As the core
is brought to the surface and the external pressure is reduced, the expansion of free gas or dissolved gas expels
both oil and water from the core. As a result, the pore
spaces of the cores recovered at the surface contain free
gas, water, and oil if oil is present in situ. The oil and
water contents normally are called residual liquids.
The residual oil and water contents of core samples normally are determined by retorting, vacuum distillation,
or solvent extraction and distillation. The oil and water
contents are converted to oil and water saturations as percentages of PV. The oil and water saturation values reported in these tables represent data obtained by the retorting
or the vacuum distillation procedures.
The water content of the core as recovered is generally
called tofal wafer, and it may include some drillingfluid filtrate or invasion water. The water saturation actually existing at a given interval in a reservoir may be
spoken of as the connate water or interstitial water. This
interstitial-water saturation value, as reported in the ta-

Et
56
62
55
59
58
68
65
53
57
63
52
62
49
69
61
60
53

bles, was determined in some cases by an empirical correlation factor applied to the total water value and in some
cases by the use of capillary-pressure data for the specific reservoirs.
The API oil gravity values reported normally were
measured on the oil recovered in the retorting or vacuumdistillation procedures. Comparison of gravity values obtained in oil recovered from cores with values obtained
on produced or drillstem test (DST) oil indicates general
agreement to within f2 API.
The liquid saturation data presented in the tables are
from formations interpreted to be hydrocarbon-productive
to some degree. In some cases, it was feasible to make
a distinction between gas-, condensate-, and oil-productive
zone characteristics. Table 27.9 shows core analysis data
for zones identified as transition zones. These represent intervals or zones where an appreciable water cut is
encountered during the life of a field. Such transition zones
are present in many other areas and fields, but the available data did not permit a similar breakdown. It should
be pointed out that the relative average depths reported
for the gas-condensate, oil, and transition zones do not
contradict the basic premises that gas overlies oil and that
oil overlies water. The condensate-producing zones in the
major formations in the U.S. gulf coast area, as presented in Tables 27.6 and 27.7, frequently are found at greater
depths than are the oil-producing zones of the same formations. In a similar manner, the gas, oil, and transition
zones shown in Table 27.9 for the extensive geologic
groups and formations in the Oklahoma-Kansas area are
found at different subsurface depths in different parts of
the area.

27-9

TYPICAL CORE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT FORMATIONS

Percussion Sidewall Core Data

Percussion sidewall sampling is used extensively in the
U.S. gulf coast area, and in other areas where productive intervals are encountered in relatively soft formations
and where this type of coring has been found satisfactory. The limited size of the individual samples has made
it necessary to develop special procedures for handling
T.6tl.m.
,
and measuring the prope&es and fluioI nn.%+c...tlLvIIIGIIIJoI
I1lLJti
EQ~~IPO
A Im
the
novoussion-s~pling technic---- rL1C anu
UK
-
.ynuu.
NUV,
LI yvL
limitation of sampling 1:o a small distance fron I the walls
of the wellbore frequently result in questions of the degree
to which sidewall core analysis data compare with data
obtained on conventional wireline or diamond cores. Table 27.8 summarizes a study of core analysis results from
more than 5,300 samples where approximately half were
obtained by percussion-type sidewall sampling and the
other half were obtained by conventional
coring
procedures.

Data From U.S. Areas

Data from areas in the U.S. including Alaska, are presented in Tables 27.1 through 27.12. The formation and zone

names were selected in an effort to represent generally

recognized nomenclature over large areas rather than local terminology. Some important producing formations
are not included because of the lack of sufficient data at
this time or because of their proprietary nature.

Data From Non-U.S. Areas

The data from non-U.S. areas generally are lacking in
pore liquid saturation values because of the formaTion
evaluation practices in general use. The small quantity
of data reported is a result of the problems of data being
released. Data from Australia are presented in Table
27.13. Most of the Canadian data (Table 27.14) were
provided by the Energy Resources Conservation Board
of Alberta. The Middle East data are presented in Table
27.15. The North Sea data (Table 27.16) were published
in the European Continental Shelf Guide. Venezuela
data presented in Table 27.17 were provided by Petroleum de Venezuela S.A.

Reference
I. European Continenfd ShelfGuide, Oilfield Publications Ltd., Ledbury, Herefordshire, England (1982).

27.10

PETROLEUM

TABLE

FormatIon
Arbuckle

AtokaC

FluId
ProductIon
G
To
G
0
T

Bartlesville

Bois DArc

:
T
ci
0

Booth
:
T

Range of
ProductIon
Depth
IfU
2,700 to 5,900
500 to 6,900
600 to 11.600
3,700 to 3,800
500 to 4,500
300 to 3,700
700 to 7,400
200 to 5,700
500 to 2,600
4,800 to 5,100
3.700 to 7,800
2,600 lo 3,200
1,000 lo 3.800
2,700 lo 3,300

Burgess
First
Brom!ded
Second
Bromide
Burbank
Chester

2
G
0
T
G
0
T
0
T
G
0

Cleveland

L
0

Deese 9

a
0

Hoover
E
T
Hoxbar

Hut-don
Lansing
Layton

Marmaton
Misner

Mississippi
Chat
Mississippi
Lime
McLish

:
T
0
T
0
a
0
T
0
G
0
T
E
L
0
T

300
6,800
3,700
6,000
6,900
4,500
4,400
1,300
2,800
4,200
4,700
4,800
2,200
300
1,900
4,300
600
2,200
1,800
1,900
3,800
1,000
2,900
1,800
2,500
1,900

to
to
to
to
lo
to
to
to
to
to
to
lo
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
IO

2,800
7,600
13,800
13,200
16,200
11,200
13,300
4,500
3,700
6,700
6,700
6,100
5,700
6,400
3,900
11,800
10,000
6,800
2.100
2,000
8,800
10,300
3,000
9,600
8,700
5,800

to
to
to
to
to
700 to 6,100
500 to 6,300
1,800 to 5,700
4,300 to 4,600
8,100
2,600 to 6,500
4,900 to 6,200
1,800 to 5,100
800 to 5,200
1,200 to 5,200
900 to 8,800
600 to 6.600
400 to 7,200
3,600 to 17,000
1,600 to 11,200

27.9-OKLAHOMA-KANSAS

Average
Production
Depth
(fU
4,500
3,500
3,600
3,700
2,600
2,100
2,600
1,500
1,200
5,000
6,500
2,900
2,600
3,000
1,600
1,800
7,200
8,600
11,500
12,800
9,000
9,700
2,800
3,000
5,700
5,700
5,700
3,500
3,200
3,100
6,500
5,200
4,000
2,000
2,000
6,300
4,200
3,000
4,600
4,900
3,800
3,300
3,900
2,900
3,200
4,400
8,100
4,300
6,000
4,000
3,100
3,900
4,600
4,100
4,000
10,100
8.100

Range oi
ProductIon
Thickness
(ft)
5.0 to 37
1.O to 65.5
2.0 to 33
1.O to 9.0
3.0 to 16
2.0 to to
1.5 to 42
1 .O to 72
4 to 40
4 to 48
2.3 to 50
5 to 8
2 lo 26.5
4 to 5
2.5 lo 9
3.0 10 19.5
2.0 lo 82
15 to 161.3
20 to 53.6
3.0 to 69
5 to 44.5
3 to 48
31019
2 to 45
2 to 23
4 to 20.5
2to17
1 to 70
3 to 22
5 to 55
2 to 60.3
4 to 49
3 to 37
2to17
9to 11
2 to 63
3to13
2 to 77.3
2 to 73
3 to 16.2
410 18
1 to 57
3 to 15.5
1.5 to 7.5
3to 14
2 to 56.5
8 to 21
2 to 34.4
2 to 48.1
1 to 43
3 to 27.1
1.5 to 95.3
4 to 70.1
14to58
3 to 42

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

AREA*

Average
ProductIon
Thickness
m
18.3
11.8
14.3
4.0
7.8
6.5
11.4
14.0
14.5
19.0
12.5
6.5
8.8
4.5
20
5.8
11.3
18.7
65.1
37.9
16.2
18.4
17.3
9.1
10.9
8.6
10.0
9.0
13.4
7.7
19.3
11.7
16.6
11.9
8.4
10.0
14.4
9.3
14.0
14.7
6.5
22.0
9.3
10.3
7.4
4.7
8.5
10.6
15.8
16.1
12.2
10.9
13.3
12.0
17.4
35.3
12.2

Range of
Permeablllty
3.2
0.2
0.1
1.3
0.3
9
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
1.4
0.3
3.1
0.2
0.6
0.1
0.9
3.4
2.0
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
2.5
0.1
0.1
7.8
0.4
1.9
1.3
55
6.4
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.3
1.1
24
37
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
12
0.7

(mdi
to 544
to 1,530
to 354
to 609
to 920
to 166
to 36
to 537
to 83
to 43
to 664
10 6.6
to 160
to 13
10 104
lo 62
to 2,280
to 40
to 72
to 585
to 42
to 226
to 4.8
to 269
to 61
to 13
to 338
to 135
to 112
to 232
to 694
to 200
to 974
to 766
to 61
to 1,620
to 31
to 678
to 48
to 390
to 210
to 280
to 143
to 105
10 171
to 803
to 120
to 516
to 361
to 229
to 129
to 1.210
to 135
to 98
to 157

Average
Permeablllty
(md)
131
140
57
174
144
67.3
10.4
32.7
18.2
24.4
36.0
4.0
19.3
8.0
142
19
31.3
175
18.3
21.4
118
12.9
8.64
1.53
33.0
9.11
2.38
50.6
15.4
12.9
94.1
62.8
61.8
288
372
33.7
277
14.4
34.5
5.3
101
14
26.3
54.1
23.8
46.4
104
89.7
41.8
33.5
21.9
21.3
22.2
43.5
7.5
48.0
39.0

Range of
Permeablllty
k,o
Wi
0.1 to 1,270
0.1 to 135
0.6 to 2.8
5.5
1.5
0.07
0.1 to 2.2
22
0.4
0.2 to 7.4
1.40
0.3 to 0.9

0.9
0
0.1
1.4

to
to
to
to

3.5
0.5
5.0
2.3

OYIO
1.10

0
0.1
0.3

0.5

to
to
to
to
-

77.0
7.9
162

162

0.20
0 to 2.1
0.2 to 74
0 to 216
0 to 163
0.1 to 89
0.1 to 185
0.1 to 36
6.2 to 8.8

TYPICAL

CORE

ANALYSIS

OF DIFFERENT

FORMATIONS

27-l 1

TABLE 27.9-OKLAHOMA-KANSAS

Average
Permeability,
$n?,
67.8
21.6
1.7
5.5
1.5
0.07
0.45
22
0.40
2.23
1.40
0.60
1.67
0.21
1.18
1.65
oio
1.10
5.24
2.04
52.3
6.7
23.3
0.20
0.62
13.9
13.7
14.2
13.2
9.44
4.23
-

Range of
Porosity
w
9.0 10 20.9
2.1 lo 24.3
3.7 to 23.1
8.5 to 17.3
5.9 to 28.6
11.9 to 18.6
8.4 to 21.1
8.5 to 25.8
8.5 to 20.1
3.8 to 19.8
1.2 to 19.3
11.9 to 14.8
8.3 to 21.4
16.9 to 18.1
8.1 to 22.8
1.5 to 6.5
1.4 to 15.7
1.5 to 10.9
3.5 to 14.5
5.6 to 11.7
5.6 to 11.4
6.4 to 21.6
7.1 to 17.0
2.6 to 20.7
2.3 to 16.0
3.2 to 17.8
9.8 to 23.5
7.4 to 24.6
11.0 to 20.4
9.8 to 22.6
4.7 to 26.4
11.7to23.4
12.7 to 24.1
16.7 to 22.5
13.9 to 18.2
3.1 to 29.7
14.3
1.6
1.1
8.4

lo 22.7
to 33.6
to 19.5
to 16.0
5.1 to 25.9
4.6 lo 27.2
14.2 lo 21.3
1 8 lo 21.4
11.0 to 12.1
2.1 lo 20.9
1.9 lo 11.3
6 5 10 37.8
5.7 to 39.3
1 5 lo 38.0
1.5 to 23.6
1.3 lo 34.1
1 1 to 26 1
2.8 to 9 6
5.5 to 16.5

Average
Porosity
VW
14.4
12.0
9.2
12.9
14.5
14.9
15.8
17.6
14.6
12.2
7.2
13.4
15.6
17.5
14.2
13.2
4.0
9.8
6.5
6.8
9.3
7.4
15.7
13.7
12.2
10.1
7.7
16.9
15.2
15.6
16.7
17.4
16.3
19.7
20.5
16.1
16.5
18.5
10.9
7.3
12.2
7.2
14.5
17.8
17.1
140
11.6
11.9
8.1
21 .o
22.3
18.7
10.3
13.4
9.3
6.7
11.0

Range of
Oil
Saturation
PM
0.7 lo 9.4
5.2 to 42.3
0 to 23.6
0 to 8.1
5.1 to 35.1
5.8 to 21 .l
0 to 11.1
3.3 to 60.6
0.9 lo 35.7
0 lo 6.7
3.3 lo 25.8
4.6 IO 8.8
4.8 to 49.7
7.4 lo 7.8
16.2 lo 33
0 to 7.6
3.1 IO 24
0.4 to 6.8
0 lo 6.9
2.4 IO 24.2
0 Io 13.6
9.3 lo 26.6
2.0 to 15.7
0 lo 7.5
7.2 lo 35.9
0 IO 11.1
0 lo 7.1
5.8 lo 35.5
0 IO 21.1
2.2 lo 6.3
5.9 lo 46.4
0 to 7.0
126to231
6 6 to 17.1
0 7 to 4.4
3.2 to 48.7
3.3 lo 11.4
1.6 to 34.5
0 to 61.1
6.5 to 28.9
Oto78
1.6 to 37.3
0 to 14.3
6.4 to 18.1
2.1 to 2.3
4.1 to 41.6
0 to 8.2
0 to 6.8
1.4 to 30.0
1.1 to 18.3
0 to 9.3
2.1 to 56.5
0 to 41.2
4.0 to 14.7
5 1 to 27.7

Average
Oil
Saturation
w
37
17.1
7.1
2.0
20.7
12.1
47
16.2
12.2
4.3
15.0
8.7
21.5
7.6
8.3
21.5
3.8
11
2.2
4.0
11.5
4.8
15.3
11.2
1.1
19.1
1.2
4.1
13.1
7.8
3.8
20.4
0.8
160
14.5
2.6
21.4
6.8
15.3
10.6
18.1
12.8
2.4
15.3
6.9
11.7
2.2
14.8
4.7
2.4
12.9
7.6
2.8
15.0
6.9
7.8
132

Range of
Total
Water
Saturation
w
34.5 to 62.7
20.6 to 79.3
37.2 to 91.9
36.4 to 65.2
18.4 to 61.5
42.7 to 55.4
23.4 to 70.0
17.4 to 85.2
43.9 to 88.0
32.9 to 82.4
14.6 to 58.5
50.0 to 51.3
15.3 to 60.0
47.3 to 55.2
19.3
35.7
12.8
29.5
28.2
8.9
21 .l
31.5
45.7
20.9
17.7
40.9
40.0
10.2
32.9
19.1
14.0
41 .l
14.6
34.8
40.1
13.6
50.5
16.7
160
37.4

to 65.4
to 71.8
to 67.2
to 78.6
to 45.7
to 44.9
to 57.6
to 73.4
to 80.7
to 80.7
to 80.8
to 89.2
to 64.4
to 74.0
to 77.2
to 54.9
to 58.6
to 77.1
to 48.5
to 50.7
10 40.6
to 68.5
lo 69.8
to 93.4
lo 687
lo 68.6

38.2 to 83.7
28.0 lo 76.3
33.2 IO 69.4
42.8 to 66.4
19.8 to 22.9
16.9 to 86.7
21.4 to 51 7
60.3 to 93 4
27.1 to 94.8
47.4 lo 84.9
22.6 to 93.5
18.9 to 85.3
32 9 to 94.0
19.3 to 76.5
148to522

AREA (continued)

Average
Total
Water
Saturation
w
43.1
52.4
69.2
47.2
36.7
47.0
54.1
44.4
63.5
42.6
32.4
50.7
40.0
51.3
37.3
42.2
53.6
35.4
48.3
37.9
25.1
43.5
47.2
57.8
48.8
42.1
61.7
48.9
48.7
55.3
42.1
37.8
53.8
40.2
42.9
40.4
45.1
57.9
48.6
54.5
51.9
75.5
54.1
45.5
45.9
55.5
21.4
41.5
33.0
76.7
84.0
71.5
63.2
50.7
67.6
43.9
32.1

Range of
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
PM
28 to 62
20 to 79
37 to 91
32 to 65
19 to 61
40
23 to 66
17to72
43 to 67
26 to 62
15to59
50
15to59
44
19to58
36to 72
12to87
28 to 45
8 to 44
40
31 to 73
45to 81
19to81
17to81
40 to 89
30 to 64
IO to 74
32 to 77
19 to 49
13to57
19to76
14to47
31 to 42
34to 39
t3to68
17to93
16to89
28 to 69
34 to 83
23 to 76
31 to 69
42 to 66
18 to 22
14 to 87
20to 51
60 to 93
27 to 95
43to 85
22 to 93
16 to 85
32 to 94
19 to 77
14 to 52

Average
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
w
40
47
52
45
37
40
48
40
54
40
32
50
37
44
35
40
54
34
32
25
43
51
43
33
61
42
44
49
37
33
Liz
35
ii
46
48
49
47
41
43
53
20
38
32
77
58
63
53
46
61
44
31

Range of
Grawty
(OAPI)
29 to 44
42
31 to 42
28 to 42
35
32 to 42
29 to 42
31 to 38
31 to
42
37 to
35to
38 to
27 to
17 to
36 to
42
29 to
24to

42

42
41

42

56

42
42

42
42

3lto39
30 to
36 to
36 to
22to
22to
-

42
42
48

42

45

35 to 48

Average
Gravity
(OAPI)
37
42
38
34
35
40
35
38
40
42
41
39
40
42
32
42
42
34
36
37
37
40
42
35
39
38

27-12

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

TABLE 27.9-OKLAHOMA-KANSAS

FormatIon
Morrow

Oil Creek

Oswego

Peru

Prue

Purdy

FluId
ProductIon
G
0
T
G
0
a
0
T
G
0
T
G
0
T
0

Reagan

a
0

Redfork

a
0

Skinner

i
0

Straw

a
0
0

Sycamore
Tonkawa

Tucker
Tulip Creek

Viola

Wayside
First Wilcox

Second
Wilcox
Woodford

2
T
0
a
0
T
G
0
A
G
0
T
G
0
T
0

Range of
Producllon
Depth
lfli
4,300
4,100
5,500
7,100
5,100
8,400
4,500
300
1,200
1,200
200
700
3,000
600
3,000
4,200

to 9,700
to 7,500
to 6,900
to 14,000
to 11,700
to 13,700
to 4,600
to 6,300
IO 5,800
to 5,300
to 3,200
to 2,500
to 6,600
to 6,700
to 5,400
to 7,400
3,500 to 3,600
2.100 to 3.700
3,600'
2,300 to 7,400
300 to 7,600
1,200 to 3,800
1,000 to 5,300
1,000 to 5,800
2,400 10 4,600

1,000
2,600
5.000
2,400
2,300
1,300
2,700
7,200
700
1,400
4,300
2,100
2,600
300
2,800
2.800
3,200
5,000
3,700
4,700
4,100

to 7,400
to 6,700

to 7,100
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

5,700
3,100
2,900
2,900
16,700
16,800
12,900
to 7,300

to 11,100

to
to
to
to
to
to

10,300
2,800
5,400
7,400
6,100
10,000
to 6,400
to 7,500
to 5,000

Average
Production
Depth
m
6,100
5.700
6.100
10,900
8,300
12,300
4,600
3,800
3,300
3,100
1,200
1,500
4,000
3.100
3:700
4.500
4:200
3,800
3,600
3,600
4.300
3,100
3,100
3,700
3,200
3,400
1,100
3,500
4,600
5,600
4,800
2,700
2,200
2,800
13,400
8,000
8,600
5,400
4,900
4,600
800
4,300
4,900
3,900
6,700
6,500
6.000
4,600

Range of
ProductIon
Thickness
(ff)
2 to 64
2to37
3to 30
14 to 149
3to 71
8 to 27
8 to 9
3.6 to 34.1
2 to 21
4to17
2 to 42
4 to 21
5 to 22
2 to 81
3 to 18
3 to 30
2 to 13
t to 32
5 to 7
4to 19
1 to 63
2 to 9
4 to 29
1 to 42.5
6 to 35.9
2 to
2 to
2 to
2 to
4 to
2to
8.9 to
21 to
2 to
3 to
3to
2 to
2 to
3.1 to
2 to
2 to
t .9 to
5 to
1.3 to
1.5 to
2.6 to

40.5
84
27.5
28.5
9
14
16
268.4
136
86.5
73
111.7
117
34
35
28
29
28
32
5
30.4

HANDBOOK

AREA (continued)

Average
Producllon
Thickness
(fU
11.0
9.8
9.5
46.3
12.6
15.0
8.5
12.3
10.6
9.8
12.4
10.3
13.6
14.6
11.7
14.8
4.8
7.4
11.0
6.0
7.9
10.5
5.3
11.8
9.2
11.5
12.0
12.4
26.4
9.8
8.7
7.0
7.8
12.5
78. I
15.3
20.0
39.1
17.2
19.6
10.8
11.3
10.0
7.7
13.4
11.3
4.4
16.2

Range of
Permeabll~ty
(md)
0.1 to 1,450
0.2 to 1,840
0.1 to 410
0.1 to 132
0.1 to 615
0.1 to 87
2.4 to 151
0.2 to 296
0.1 to 117
3.1 to 42
0.2 to 264
1.7 to 804
0.7 to 42
0.1 to 254
0.5 to 133
7.4 to 500
1.1 to 173
0.2 to 2,740
19.0 to 37
0.1 to 160
0.1 to 668
0 to 23
0.1 to 127
0.1 to 255
0.3 to 16
0.1
0.1
0.3
1.4
1.3
2.1
4.3
0.9
0.1
2.0
3.6
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.4
1.4

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

599
3.1
283
278
406
123
252
24
1,470
143
23
1,150
997
133
145
445
418
154
2,960
756
250

Average
Permeablllty
(md)
115
117
34.4
32.0
131
22.1
76.7
27.3
27.0
15.0
20.8
205
18.3
22.6
42.6
182
195
39.3
255
38.0
23.4
14.2
6.3
27.7
20.6
6.0
71.0
58.1
0.67
46.7
96.6
106
36
128
7.63
154.0
44.6
10.8
52.3
45.1
22.2
72.1
91.3
84.1
76.2
214.0
246.0
87.1

Range of
Permeablllty.
k,o
(md)
0.3 to 55
0.1 to 48
0.2 to 230
0.1 to 86
0 to 41
51 to 266
-

2 to 6.6
2.40
0 to 1.3
8 to 22
53
0.5 lo 1.0
0.2 to 1.8
0.40
3.40
0.2 to 186
0.03 to 49
0.80
2.4 to 156

TYPICAL

CORE

ANALYSIS

OF DIFFERENT

FORMATIONS

27-13

TABLE 27.9-OKLAHOMA-KANSAS

Average
Permeability,

7.5
23.1
28.0
75.6
9.24

11.5
179
166
3.30
2.40
-

0.50
15.0
53
0.40
0.80
0.40
3.40

18 3
4.38
0.80
79.2

Range of
Porosity
w

Average
Porosity
w

4.2 to 24.4
5.7 to 23.2

148
14.6

to
to
to
to
to
2.6 to

11 3
9.0
13 1
10.9
14.7
10.1

5.5

6.1
1.8
5.2
12.0

16.2
13.5
23.9
16.1
17.3
21.6

4.7 to 20.9
12.3 to 17 5

12.7 to 33 8
13.6 to 24.4
13.8 to 22.4
7.6 to 23.8
9.8 to 23 4
12.3

lo 18.8
-

9.3 to 12 7
6.9 to 21.5
10.6 to 12.8

to
to
10 1 to
13.3 to
3.8
6.6

21.2
26 1
16.6
19.6

7.4 to 21.7
11.7 to

19.0

8.2 to 23.5
7.2 to 16.4

11.7
13.2
15.4
12.4
11.8

to
to
to
to
to

2.0 to
2.5 to
0.7 to
6.1 to
1 .O to
0.6 to
13.2 to
5.2 to
5.4 to

21.4
22.9
16.9
20.3
19.5
11.9
25.0
26.0
10.1
16.1
18.8
24.9
15.6
20.5

6.8 IO 17.7
5.0 to 15.1
4.2 to 20.6

1.9 10 20.4
1.9 to 6.6

8.7
156
18.7
19.2
17.8

17.0
17.5
16.7
17.6
10.8
13.3
11.7
14.5
162
15.3
15.7
15.3
15.5
21.3
16.8
13.3
16.4
18.4
17.1

Range of
Oil
Saturation
w/o)

Range of
Total
Water
Saturation
W)
29.0
23.9

48.5
42.1

31.1 to 90.1
12.5 to 40.6

57.2
25.2

4.3
15 1

1.3 to 29.5

13.0

14.2

2.6
5.8

21.7
16.2
41.7

6.7 to 36.8

15.0
5.0
4.1
14.7

2.6 to 25.5
2.3 to 9.1
4.7 to 34 1
3.7 to 34.3

12.0
55

16.9
19.0

38.0 to
31.4 to
24.4 to
40.7 to
31.4 to

0 to 5.6

5.1
0
0
0.1

to
to
to
to

6.4
27.1
14.5
7.9

5.0
1.6

10.1 to 27.2
1.1 to 7.9

20.0
13.6
4.2

3.0 to 42.0
1.8 to 10.5

14.2
6.2
4.7

5 4

0 to 21.7
to 30.8
0.3 to 36.3

16.9
9.9

0 to 9.9
2.5 to 39.7

4.2
20.1

4.9 to 18.2
-

0.5
9.9

5.7 10 31.1
9.2 to 33.5

0 to 6.1
7.5 to 16.5
6.9 to 17.3
7.3 IO 29.6
7.1 to 10.9
0 to 6.6

11 .o

0.7 to 7.7
1.7 to 9.4
3.2 to 41 0
0 to 33.7
8.1 to 33.8

3.0 to 44.5

39.8

to
17.5 to
33.3 to
16.2 to
26 4

41.4
30.6

to 69 7

to 48
14.3 to 78.7
39.9 to 71 .l
-

10.0
15.9
19.7
24 1

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

39.0

to 90.8

29.4

to 68.0

31.8
36.1
45.1
35.6

18.6

66.4
72.9
46.7
63.6

to 57.7

2.0
12.5

5.0
15.5
8.6

60.4
53.4
73.1
60.9
58.1

29.5

28.5
36.0

2.6

to 76.4
lo 74.9
to 55.5
to 73.4
to 89.7

44.3 to 59 4
34.4 to 73.1

15.1
21.1

11.4
16.0
9.0
4.1
12.2

Average
Total
Water
Saturation
W)

to 77.0
to 75.5

0 to 33.0
0.7 to 44.5
0 to 15.2
0 to 6.5

15.6
15.7
6.1
11.6
9.3
8.4
7.1
16.6

Average
Oil
Saturation
w

AREA (continued)

58.0
23.7

61.5
61.6
58.3
78.0
52.6
50.1
64.3
54.8
63.0
82.6
37.2
85.5

39.1
46.6
47.7
41.5
63.4
52.5
50.6
50.7
42.2
41.6
47.1
41.5
56.2
44.4
32.9
40.0
45.8
43.7
52.6
40.8
40.3
52.4
61.8
45.6
45.5
44.5
45.0
49.0
40.7
61.2
33.2
34.9
45.7
30.7
54.4
65.7
51.3

10.8
12.0
10.9
11.2
12.4

0.7 to 6.3
3.6 to 40.5

3.6

29 7 to 60.5

11.7

0 to 169
0 to 3.8
2.9 to 19 2

7.9
1.5
10.2

15.0 to 58.2
24.6 to 63.6
17.7 to 45.0
19 0 to 56.3

12.9

0 to 6.4

6.1

41.4

to 60.5

42.5

4.4

8.3 to 16 7

11.8

43.0

to 87.9

60.1

43.9
32.0
41.7
30.9
36.9

Range of
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
W)

Average
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
(%I

Range of
Gravity
(OAPI)

Average
Gravity
(OAPI)

77
54
90
40
76
74

36

35
38
24

33 to 43
-

40
-

34
-

29 to 42

34 to 55

45

36
-

15 to
42 to
44 to
28 to
36 to
25 to
20 to
32 to
16 lo
28 lo
12 to
29 to

37
57
51
44

16

16
31
12
14
21

to
to
to
to
to
to

73
89
56
73
56
49
72
60
50

51
37
38
36
29

35 to 46
-

44
-

25

to 43

34

to 46
-

36
-

39 to 44

42
-

41
-

40

41

41

45

31
29

38
-

16 lo 63
27 to 55

39
41

to 43
32 to 48

41 to 69
26 to 47
14 to 78

49
38
38

68
72

39 to 71
-

to 56
32 to 62
27 to 56
31 to 78
4-4 to 52
33 to 43
52 to 62
23 to 55
9 to 63
15to82
19 to 37
24 to 88
22

39 to 90
28 to 67
29 to 80
14to58
171043
18 to 58
40 to 60
43 to a7

24

37
-

30 to 46
-

36
-

41
43
41

31 to 44
33 to 36

40
35
-

38

40 to 45

43

45
38
52

ii

29 to 40
49 5

2
46
30
El
47
44
31
29
34

38
49.5
40
-

to 50
28 to 48
29 to 42
-

37

33 to 50
-

42
-

to 42
41

40

32

34

35

41

a General geologic sections take at dtfferent points I Oklahoma-Kansas areas lndlcate some var!at!os I the properties and a apprec~abfe variate I the occurrence and
relative depths of many of the more m~portanl 011.and/or gas-producing zones. formations, geologic groups, and thelr members The general !detlflcatlo of core samples
from thee producing lntewals reflects local condmons or actlwt~es slgnlflcantly
In the development Of average data values. an attempt has bee made to combine data
orlgmally reported for locally named zones Into more generally recognued formatlow or geologic groups In some mstances (I e Deese. Cherokee) data are reported for
a major geologic group as well as for $ome of 11svndlwdual members The values designated by the maw group name represent areas where the general character~stlcs
permit Identlficatlo as to the gealognc group but not as to group member In other areas the group members or zones are readily ldentfffable The combmatlons of data and
the use of local rather lha regmnal geologic names I some instances are emplaned 1 the footnotes
b T represents transitlo zone or productlo of both water and &her gas or 011
fncludes data reported as Dornlck Hllfs and Dutcher
Includes Bromide first and second as reported on McClaln County area
g Data reported locally as Bromide third. Bromide upper third. and Bromide lower have bee ConsIdered as part of the Tuhp Creek
Includes data reported as Cleveland sand, Cleveland lower. and Cleveland upper
fncfudes the numerous zones (Deese first. second. third, fourth, fifth, Zone A, Zone 6. Zone C. and Zone 1) reported locally for the Anadarko, Ardmore, and Marietta Basm
areas. I northwest Oklahoma. these different zones are normally referred to as Cherokee In other areas the zones are frequently Identlftable and properties are reported
as for Redfork. Bartleswlle. etc

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

27-14

TABLE 27.10~ROCKY

FormatIon
Aneth
Boundary Buite
Cliffhouse
D Sand
Dakota
Desert
Entrada
Frontier Sands
Gallop
Hermosa
Hospa
lsmay
J Sand
Leadville
McCracken
Madison
Manefee
Meeaverde
Morrison
Muddy
Nugget
Paradox
Phosphoria
(formerly Embar)
Pictured Cliffs

Fluid
Production

Range of
Production
Depth
0)
5,100 to
5.500 to
5,400 to
3,600 to
4,350 to
500 to
653 to
5,400 to
3,600 to
265 to
1,5M1 to
500 to
4,900 to
5,300 to
4,800 to
4,600 to
5,544 to
4,470 to
6,970 to
9,950 to
8,264 to
3,400 to
5,200 to
1,500 to

5,300
5.600
5,900
5,800
5.050
7,100
7,293
5,500
3.700
8,295
6,900
6,400
7,700
6,000
7,100
5,100
5,887
5,460
8.040
10,100
9,466
6,200
5,700
6,100

1,600
930
9,900
9,500
5,100
5,300

6.900
8,747
10,300
10,800
9,500
6,100

to
to
to
to
to
to

700 to 10.500
1,200 to 5,800

Point Lookout

4,300 to 6.500

Shannon
Sundance
Sussex
Tensleep
Tocito

4,700
1,100
4,300
600

to
to
to
to

5,500
6,860
5,100
11,800

1,400 to 5,100

MOUNTAIN AREA

Average
Production
Depth
(fi)

Range of
ProductIon
Thickness
(f1)

5,200
5,600
5,600
4,800
5,800
5,700
5,600

3.8 to 23.1
8 to 27
2 to 68
2 to 56
7 to 33
2 to 75
13 to 75
11.6 to 18.3
4to10
8 to 100
5 to 25
2 to 43
5 to 30
3 to 36.2
3to17
6to 1El
10 to 90
151062
20 to 76

3,640
2,950
5,000
4,600
5,600
5,600
5,500
4,800
5,707
4,900
7.500
9,950
8,820
4,900
5,400
4,700
300
4,500
1,845
10,100
10,375
6,900
5,700
4,600
3,400
2,900
5,500
4,700
4,900
3,100
4,500
4,700
7,900
4.600

HANDBOOK

2
41
7
2
24
7
60
250
4
2

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
lo
to

142
450
25
22
54
75
700
700
44.2
66

5 to 100
3.0 to 72 0
2 to 101
10
5
10
IO

to
to
to
to
4 to

20
100
30
200
58

Average
Production
Thickness
(W
14.0
17.5
16.2
13.7
15.0
32.0
32.0
14.9
6.0
46.0
11.6
12.4
.14.1
15.1
10.5
133
36.4
25.0
45 0
15.0
56 4
186.0
12.7
10.0
4.0
40.0
20.0
385.0
475.0
12.2
14.8
64 0
17.0
23.0
22.9
7.0
15.0
44.0
20.0
118.0
7.0
17.3

Range of
Permeability
(md)
0.7
01
0.1
0.1
0
0.1
0.1
1 .o
5
0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
07
0 1
0
0.01
0
0.01
0
0 1
0.1
0
0
0.6
0.5
0.2
0.1

to 34
to20
to 114
to 3.7
to 900
to 915
to 915
to 11
to 300
to 534
to 324
to 2,470
to 91
to 37
to 70
to 25
lo 142
to 1,795
to 0.50
lo 21
to 272
to 1,460
to 20
to 17
to 1,250
to 2,150
to 65
to 85
to 42
to 119

0 to 126
0.01 to 135
0.1 to
0.05 to
0 to
0.05 to
0 to
0 to

16
5.0
1,250
20
2,950
31

Average
Permeability
OW
9.35
1.05
13.3
0.94
192
106
106
4.4
100
105
26.5
48.2
18.6
7.32
18.2
8 63
to.4
330
0.20
3.0
5.8
13
5.04
3.57
60
43
173
:
11.6
10.4
3.7
7.7
0.5
1.74
2.90
0.8
100
1.0
120
230
3.36

Range of
Permeablhty.
km
VW
0.2 to 23
0.2 to 23
0.4 to 2.4
0.3 to 20
0.1 to 3.2
45.0
0 to 26
-

0.1 to 28
0 to 57
-

TYPICAL CORE ANALYSIS

OF DIFFERENT FORMATIONS

TABLE 27.1 O-ROCKY

Average
Perm_eability,

6.10
12.5
1 13
10.2
0.7
45.0
4.26
-

4.43
4.57
-

2.40
-

Range of
Porosity
W)
4.4 to 10.5
4.3 to 6.5
5.4 to 21 6
7.0 to 16 2
8.6 to 29 5
4.5 to 21 6
5.0 to 23.3
11.9 to 13.6
12.0 to 27 0
6.3 to 29 6
8.5 to 20.8
6.9 to 23 1
5.5 to 16 5
2.7 to 17 9
7.4 to 11 9
6.6 to 14.8
0.5 to 22 2
5.9 to 32.7
3.0 to 20.0
2.0 to 16.0
0.5 to 15.1
1.6 to 26.4
8.7 to 13.5
10.0 to 19.8
9.9 to 25.5
2.3 to 32 9
10 0 to 18.0
10 0 to 18.0
1.4 to 19.4
3.3 to 21.8

Average
Porosity
W)
6.1
47
11 .o
11.3
21.6
14.8
t 1.2
12.7
25.0
20 0
t 3.3
12.5
to.2
8.3
10.5
11.3
7.6
19.6
10.0
3.0
6.5
11.9
11.2
146
26.2
17.5
22.3
13.7
13.4
7.4
10.5

2 0 to 25.0
3 1 to 31.0

8.9
17.5
11.4
10.9
13.3
12.0
19.0
130
13.6
20.2
14.7

5.6 to
6.0 to
15.0 to
8 0 to
5.0 to
12.6 to

21.6
15 0
25.0
20 0
27.0
17.8

Range 01
Oil
Saturation
W)
14.5 to 35.9
4.7
4 8 lo 26.7
0 to 19.8
8 4 10 39.5
0.0 to 7.8
13.8 lo 54.5
13.4 to 16.6
trace to 6.0
7 6 lo 37.6
0 to 25.6
0.5 to 43.7
0 to 6.5
3.9 to 29.1
0.5 to 23.6
20.4 to 29.8
1 6 to 26.4
8.8 to 46.5
0.0 to 22.2
trace to 6.0
0.0 to 50.1
6.0 to 43.5
0.3 to 5.3
Oto68
5.0
7.6
0.0
50
0
36

to
to
to
to
to
to

26.0
48.5
5.0
10.0
10.1
36.7

3.0 to 40.0
0.0 to 21 .l
0 to 9.1
3.0 to 22.0
8.0 to 25.0
5 0 to 20 0
6.0 to 30.0
11 9 to 26.6

Average
Oil
Saturation
wd
25.0
4.7
12 5
4.5
13.2
3.5
24.4
15.2
3.0
14.9
5.7
25.3
3.0
10.8
7.5
25.0
a.4
13.9
2.0
7.5
14.4
17.4
1.6
3.3
8.3
13.1
30.8
3.6
6.4
3.1
12 4

22.5
2.6
23.2
2.9
23.8
16.0
17.0
11.0
23.3
4.0
21.3

27-15

MOUNTAIN AREA (continued)

Range of
Total
Water
Saturation
w
12.5 to 30.5
23.8 to 35.0
9.3 to 48.8
10.2 to 60.3

14.8 to 55.3
11.6 to 44.3
14.8 to 24.7
20.7 to 59.2
17.2 to 76.9
14.2 to 45.3
11.6 to 60.0
8.7 to 49.7
32.3 to 44.6
10.0 to 65 0
14.5 to 45.1
145to664
20.0 to 60.0
20.0 to 50.0
9.9 to 57.9
10.8 to 60 5
16.0 to
11.9 to
40
30.0 to
35.0 to
7.0 to
40.6 to

88.0
55.6
60 0
60 0
59
55

Average
Total
Water
Saturation
w
23.6
29.4
26.3
36.9
40.6
31 .o
19.2
40.0
35.7
32.7
35.6
36.1
36.0
3Co
27.5
42 0
61 .O
28.0
32.5
34.7
33.6
47.0
40.9
36.7
40.9
45.0
45.0
25.7
51.6

46.3

Range of
Calculated
InterstltialWater
Saturation
W)
13 to 31
23 to 35
7 to 45
lOto
9 to 46
14to22
26 to 45
20 to 54
14 to 77
12to45
12 to 60
8 to 49
31 to 45
6 to 42
22 to 33
15 to 43
15 to 64
15 to 41
5 to 47
20 to 56
18 to 40
10 to 58
10 to 61

Average
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
W)
24
29
27
36
23
16
33
37
34
32
35
37
35
20
27
27
40
44
35
19
26
26
34
33

5 to 30

21

121055
20 to 49
5 to 50
40 to 55

36
41
35
19
43
46

Range of
Gravity
(OAPI)
41

Average
Gravity
(OAPI)
41

40 to 41

41 1

36 to 42
38 to 43

36
40
41
-

31 to 50
39
36 to 42
41 to 42
40
36 to 42
45 to 46
21.6 to 30
29 to 56
26 to 42
-

2
39
40
;:
38
45.5
26
42
38
48

40 to 43

41

15 to 42.3
f
-

25.4
55
39
39
44
39
42
26.2
36

22 to 63
40 to 43
17 to 56.5

36 to 40

27-16

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

TABLE 27.11 -WEST

FluId
Group

Form&on
Bend

Area

z3.4.7

sand

Clearfork

2(w)
2.4.7
1C

Dean

Delaware

3.4.7
mart)
5.6

2.50

2.5e

3
Ellenburger

Fusselman

Glorletta

All

(Paddock)g
Granite
wash

3.4.6.7

Pennsylvanta
(Morto~)~
Queen

sand

(Penrose)g

10.300 to 10.500
5 383 to 5.575

10400
5.480

10 to 28
23to
50

20 0
36

16toll
1.6 to 3 8

0
0
0

5 262 to 5.950
5 500 10 6.300
4.200 to 10.400

5.610
5.900
7.100

410 95
20 to 95
40 to 222

43
30 3
36 a

0.1 10 5 3
0.8 to 1,130
0.6 to 746

1.8
173
42

G
0
G

5,000
5 500
2,400

3010

17
38
11

4.400
6,600

40t0180
3010
259

80
16 9
95
41

30001010000

8.200
4.800

6 0 to 68
52 to 39

:
0
E
G
0
G
0
C
0
C
0

Seven Rivers

Strawn

llme

Straw

sand

Wolfcamp

(Abo)Y

1
2
3
4

wart)

8 to 299
-

11.100

Et0
19 to
65 to
11 to

113
34
954
18

30 to
18 to
8 to
3to

347
51
49
44

3.600
2.400

to 4 200
to 4 500

3.800
4.100

4.400
3.000 to 4 800
1.300 to 3 900

4.400
4400
2.700
9100

301050
30 lo
12 to
6 to
45 to
17to

:
0

4.7
1 2.5.8

Others
1 2.5.8
2
4 5 6.7

11.800
9.200
7.700

Tubb

3 0 to 52
1410 117

4300
4.700
3.000

All

47
2
All

5.500 to 9.900
11 000 to 11:zoo

4.200
11.400

to 6.000
to 8 600
to 3 400

1
2
-

Sprayberry

9.100
5,000
5.100
11,600
12.300

2,300
3.000
2,300

0
0

7.700 to
4.700 to
3 500 to
11 20010
11,300 to

0
G
0

1.2.3
2.3.4

5.6
1.2.3

to 8.300

to 12.500
to 2 600

3
-

2
3

5.400

9.500
2200

:
0

to 6.800

Ei
G

4 5.6.7

1.500

57

11.200
7400
10.100
10.300
12.000
2.400

Andres

to
to
to
to

0
San

to 6.100

7 800
4 100
5.500
8.700

All

Grayburg

(4

(W

Canyon

Average
Permeability

4 to 311

3
8
3
2.3.4
5.6.7

Rangeof
Permeablllty

(f1)

lfll

Average
Productfan
Thvzkness

13.2

6.000

(fl)

Range of
ProductIon
Thickness

3 to 22

Cambrran
Canyon
reef

llll

Average
Production
Depth

NEW MEXICO AREAS

6.000

1.2.4
5.6.8

Blwbry

Range of
ProductIon
Depth

Production

Conglomerate

TEXAS-SOUTHEASTERN

HANDBOOK

4.100

12.800
10.600
16.600
12,700

to 11.400

3to
103
4 to 8
2 to 81
123
26
259
182
77

3.000 to
f3ooto
3.900 to
4.100 to

3
4
4
5

200
900
700
300

3100

4 0 to 29

3500
4.500
4.500

1 500to

5 100

3.300

15 to 38
610 39
47to124
30 to 197

to 4 100

3.600
:
0
0
G

I300 to 4 000
4.800 to 8 500
5oooto
9 200
-

3900
2.600

301080
40 to 136

7100
6 900
5600

2 0 to 59
20 to 120
11 to 57

0
G
0
0

5.200
3.800
I.100

5.900
7.800
5.200

2010101
3 0 to 39
20 to 76
6 to 21
1510 43
-

:
0
G
0
0

to 6 700
to 10.500
to 11.300

915to
7 366
6.100 to 7 300
8.400

to 9 200

2.500
2.400
9.000

to 4 100
to 4 100
to 10.600

1.400
1.4oa

to 3 500
to 4 000

3938
6500
9 800
8.800
3.600
3.500
9700
2800
2.300

33
26.2
18.6
14.5
54
99
17
34
27
69
14 3
55
34
32
16 3
22 3
51
15 6
42
274
20.8
45
50
22 3
99

01

to 477
-

0.1 to 43
<O 1 to 136
<01to03
1.1 to
0.6 to
0.5 to
0.2 to
-

33
84
36
23

2.5 to 50
<OllOZ2
1.0 to 2,840
203to
246
0 1 to 2,250
12 to 26
0.5 to 25
46to
12
04to
223
11 to 2,890
5 to 3.290
t6to93
05to159
0.6 to 3 7
02to
118
0 3 to 1.430
0.3 to 462
loto

318

10.2
18 6
40 1

0.2 to 4,190
0 3 to 461
0 3to 295

30 2

0 2to

593

56
1s 5
21 7
IS 5
34 4

0.6 to
04to
0.2 to
0 1 to
4 5to

23
428
71
124
310

36 7
16 8
15 1
14

19to
0 3to
02to

196
42
718

13 to 129

335
10 6
41 7

4oto119
20 to 114
45 to 204
30 to 53
30 to 66

22.5
28 0
59
10 8
16 6

1 oto 400
02to135
23to9410
0 1 to 1.380
1 0 to 1,270
02to147
02to
145
1 oto 4 000

150
5.7
24

4.6
5.8
0.12
12.9
245
10.5
4.0
0.4
14.9
1.1
177
225
75
8.4
10.3
5.6
11.5
477
609
6.5
13.7
25
55
37.7
349
64
123
61
69
9.7
12.2
51.4
63
48
179
43
11 4
47
45
276
23
419
57
60
204
19.3
427

TYPICAL CORE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT FORMATIONS

TABLE 27.11-WEST

Range of
Permeabihty,

Average
Permeabtlity,

km
(md)

2.2

09to51
-

1.4

ozto42
0 3 to 249

to 24
to 109
-

0.5

0.1 to 1.3
0.1 to 5.8

08

0.2 to 18

to

1.4
54
<Ol
to396
03to13
02 to 17

(Oh)

8.1 lo 8 6

4 0 to 15.7
10 7 to 14 8

10 9
12 7

9.5to161

31
41

to 125
to 168

78
120

3.0 to 21.5

89

4 1 to 20.6
19to194

02to126
-

10 3
179
21 0

17to53
13to68

33
43
67
15 2
50
60
42
36
33
3.3

0 2 to 48
0.3 to 2 1
0 1 IO 110
0.1 to 228
0.1 to 168

5 5 to 27 7

22.9
09
3.9

13to
138
26to37
14to107
14 to 182

52
13
27
143
147

10
53
38

0 1 to 462
0.1 to 208
0.2 to 510
-

03
80
40
-

0 6 to 148
01 too4
0 1 to 138

108
19 1
02
11 7

011011

05

27 to 189

1.5 to 6.210
-

04
274
34
43
54

0 2 to 36
-

2 2 to 7 7
1 e to 25 2
37to46

5 2 to 20 9
121 to204
3 5 to 26 1
11 1 to 143

27 8

15.0
13 6
14.4
17.7

2.1 to 9 1
9.6 to 19 3
6.9 to 21 2
3 6 to 39 2
-

Average
011
Saturation

52

11.5

21 to 41

33

21 to 39

4.9

34 to 40

36

31 to 33

156
16 5

18to84
22 to 69

,22 to
2.0 to
3.910
2.1 to

33 7
60
11 2

20
45
33
37

08to76
1.010 192
02to39
5.2 to 16
39to44
3 1 to 22 1
29toa7
4 8 to 22.5
7 1 to 42

37
92
57
11 0
40
129
42

71
15 5

4 9 to 30 6
3 5 to 24 2

132

160
16 5
158
11 7
129

34to95
42to41
7
7 0 to 24 5
7.0 to 30
55tof33

15 3
15.5
5.9

31 I0126
21 to142
1 oto203

72
6.9
126

4 9 lo 26 3
17to52

6 0 lo 27
2 5 to 7 1
-

16 2
49

6
8

4910185

43
99

2 7 to 279
5 0 to 27
8 5 to 25 3
66to

168

7 2 to 24 5
5 4 to 26 3

153
15 5

0510
161
1 6 to 26 8

26t0128
121 to274
2.4 to 27 0

81
179
18 8

5.3 to 23 6
13to
170
3 7 to 37 3

ii
62
51

41
45
22
47
40
32
25
39

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

76
69
65
67
84
47
65
60

22
26
55
32
31
28

31 to128
3 3 to 25 1
6
9

19 to 53
-

18.6
176
47
13.9
182
97
74
156
187
147

64
16.2

11 2
30
122
14 1
12 9
19 6
97
46
14.3
14.4
56
16 0

46
43
50
54
47
34
53
49

24 to 72
39 to 66
42 lo 71

2.6 to 7 6
4.2 to 34 7
8 9 to 33 9

6.2 to 37 9
24to71

40
39
44

52
66
65
68

to
to
to
to

a4
17
104
37
154
52
14 7

16.6
172
85

to 16
to 28
to233
to 20
IO 14

7.5 to 31 4
5.6 lo 27 1

5 7 to 27 0
32to140

15 5
5 9
101
4 4
10 9

29 to 57
22 to 71
la 3 to 73

21 to 72

6.8 to 22 9
3.1 to 4 8
5 3 to 24 6

Saturation
Ml

43 10 64

58
13 7
57

3.3 to 16 7

Range of
Calculated
Interstltlalwater

8.3

4.8 lo 27 7
-

44
103
156
6.6

Average
Total
water
Saturation
P/d

4.8 to 22 1
8 3 to 34
47to
188

5 3 lo 24 3
2710139

Range of
Total
water
Saturation
&%I

12.8
11 8
11 6

NEW MEXICO AREA (continued)

1%1

124
11 3
6.4
79
119
77

7 0 to 20 0
631066
27to162

10 7 to 22 2

84

15 1
14 3
13 5
92
58

75to127
138to218
152to254

70
0.5
37
27 7

93
8.1
53
30
-

1%)

150

<O.l
to 0 9
0.3 io 1,020

Range of
011
Saturation

P/o)

5 5 to 22 1
7.8
2.5
3.1

TEXAS-SOUTHEASTERN

13 8 lo 16.9

<O.l
10.1

17

Average
Porostty

Range of
Poroslly

27-l

57
46
57
61
40
42

42 to 62

27 to 56
22 to 71
18 to 73
21 to 72
-

Average
Calculated
Intarstltlalwater
Saturation
P/d

Range of
Grawty
iDAPIl

Average
Gravity
YAPI\

50

40 io 42

14

32

41 to 45
-

43

39 lo 42
44 to 51

40
46
42

z;
38
43
44
41

18 to 84
21 to 69

50
53
47

19 10 51
36 lo 63
31 to 64

33
49
42

37 lo 68
19 10 53
41 lo 76
45 lo 69
22 lo 65
47 lo 67

51

40
32
24
37

to
lo
to
lo

48
55
54

24 lo 71
39 to 66
35 to 66

40

23 to 42
28 to 40

28
32

37 to 40
-

39

35 to 42
-

40

48 lo 52
-

49

35 to 46
-

42

36 to 49
-

42

57
60
40
38
50

37 10 52
-

47

47 to 50
-

48

47
53

28 to 40
-

33

49

40 to 45
-

42

::
60
55
56
41

31 to 41

36

23 lo 40
28 to 35
38 to 47

32
31
41

33
37

55
58
42

36 to 62
32 to 68
21 to 49

48
49
36

30 to 66
19 to 49

45
45
36

30 to 42
34 to 38

26 to 69
39 to 74

52
58

25 to 69
37 10 74

51
56

30 to 37

33

26 to 37

32

51
38
32
25
38

56
54
45
43

46
36
30
25

to
10
to
to

65
61
67
72

50
43
42

39
44
52
43

38
15
46
23

to
to
lo
to

39
66
60
77

38
43
52
41

43
54
25
44

23 10 59
37 to 64
-

41
54

to
to
to
to
to

53
56
68
84
78
58

66
70
68
72
39

15 to 66
46 to 60
23 to 77
25 to 60
37 to 64
32 to 56
30 lo 64
32 10 65
28 to 56
id to 79
31 to 75

i:
60

48
46
39
59
53

52
55
68
84
78
58

37 to 43
-

22
25
55
32
31
28

to
to
to
to
to
to

to
to
to
to
to
to

84
47
64
60

;:
61
51
57
46

30 to 47

35 to 58

54

31 to 56

25
44

26 to 64
29 to 64

45
44

28 to 56
36 to 76
31 to 75

39
53
47

28 to 38
36 to 42

32
39

36 to 43

38

39 to 47

41

29 to 48
-

42
38

38
42
36 to 45

42
40

40 to 50
40 to 44

48
42

27 to 41

32

27-18

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

Fig. 27.1-Area

map for Table 27.11

HANDBOOK

TYPICAL CORE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT FORMATIONS

27-19

TABLE 27.1 P-ALASKA

Formation

Range of
Production
Depth
fftl

Fluid
Production

Beluga
Hemlock
Kuparek
Sadlerochit
Sterling
Tyonek
Tyonek

4,500
6,100
6,200
8,300
2,850
6,950
4,400

:
0
E
0

to
to
to
to
to
to
to

Average
Production
Depth
(fo
5,640
8,600
6,200
8,600
6,230
7,200
6,150

8,100
10,800
6.700
8,800
7,500
7,800
14,800

Range of
Production
Thickness
(fi)
40 to 106
20 to 1,300
30 to 80
350 to 630
22 to 130
36 to 92
90 to 1,000

Average
Production
Thickness
(fi)
82
420
-

Range of
Permeability
0-W
100 to 300
1 to 35
3 to 200
-

Average
Permeability
(md)
125
10
265
480
43

20 to 4,400
3.5 to 1,600

t:
265

10 to 350

Data from repon.

TABLE 27.12-ALASKA

Formation
Beluga
Hemlock
Kuparek
Sadlerochit
Sterling
Tyone k
Tyonek

Range of
Porosity
to4
19.8 to 28.0
11.2 to 18.0
-

28.0 to 34.0
11.0 to 21.0
14.0 to 26.0

Average
Porosity
w
23.0
14.6
23.0
22.0
30.0
16.0
16.0

Range of
Oil
Saturation
w
0.0 to 0.1
-

(continued)

Average
SatZion
W)
0.1
10.0
-

Range of
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
W)

Average
Calculated
InterstitialWater
Saturation
W)

35 to 50
35 to 46

40
39

15.0

10 to 18

Range of
Gravity
(OAPI)

Average
Gravity
(OAPI)

30 to 38
-

37
23
28

35 to 44

40

Data from repon

TABLE 27.13-AUSTRALIA

(GIPPSLAND

BASIN)
Average
Calculated

Formation
(Reservoir)
L-l
L-l
M-l
M-l
M-l
M-l
N-l
N-4

Production

Unit
Mackerel
Tuna
Marlin
Tuna
Barracuda

Cobia
Snapper
Barracuda

Fluid
Production

Range of
Production
Depth
(m)

Average
Production
Thickness
b-0

Average
Range of
Permeability
VW

Average
Permeability
VW

800 to 3000
600

2.occr
3;oO0
5,ocO

:
G
G
:

2,299
1,650 to
1.521 fo
11299to
2,352
1,018 to

2,396
1.950
1.556
1:377
2,396
1,151

80.4
6.0
7.5
59.1
40.0
37.2

500 to5000

1,186 to 1,383

1,330 to 1,339

99.0
2.7

1,000

1,000

Average
Porosity
(Oh)
22
21
25
21
2
27
25

SatZion
W)
0
0
0
-

Interstitial-

Water
Saturation
w
f:
25
10
26
24
16

40

27-20

PETROLEUM

TABLE 27.14-ALBERTA.

Formation

Pool

Cardium A
Cardium A
Beaver Hill Lake A&B
Father (conglomerate)
Falher (sandstone)
Gilwood
Keg River
Keg River
Leduc 03
Leduc 03A
Taber
Viking
Viking A

Barrington
Willesden Green
Swan Hills
Elmworth
Elmworth
Nipisi
Rainbow
Rainbow
Red Water
Bonnie Glen
Taber
Viking Kimsella
Gilbey

0
:
E
0
G
0
0
:
G
0

Average
Calculated
Permeaiility
0-4
3.7
7.4
32.2
1.0
40.1
208.0
95.0
187.0
302.0
682.0
1,000.0
14.0

238.0

TABLE 27.15~MIDDLE

Formation
Arab IV
ShubalbalWasal
Buhasa
Umm Shalff
Asab

Locatton

Fluid
ProductIon

Quatar
Oman
Abu Dhabl
Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi

0
0
0
0
0

Range of
ProductIon
Depth
(fo
7,400 10 7,980
4,125 lo 4,422
10,000 to 12,000
10,000 to 12,000
10,000 to 12,000

Average
Permeability
Cm4
300
8
20
8
25

TABLE 27.16-NORTH

Formation
(Paleocene)
Brent
Brent
Statfjord

Statfjord
(Upper Cretaceous) lo Danian

Field
Forties
Brent
Statfjord
Brent
Slatfjord
Ekofisk

Fluid
Productton

Depth
m
7,200
7,700

0
G&O
0
G&O

es00
10:400

Average
Porosity
(04
10.1
15.1
7.9
10.0
9.0
12.9

4.4
10.0
6.3
9.4
26.0
18.0
10.6

Average
Oil
Saturation
37.9
30.3
13.3
0
0
9.3

Water
Saturation
22.9
23.3
21.9

23.0
35.0
42.5
14.0
19.9
25.6
24.2
25.0
35.0
35.6

16.1
19.4

4.7
20.0
0
13.0

EAST

Range of
Permeability
OW
0.3 to 6,000
2.0 to 10
0.5 to 1,000
0.2 to 500
0.5 to 1,500

Productton
Thickness
(w
509
740
770
900
800
700

HANDBOOK

CANADA

Average
Production
Depth
WI
6,634
6,225
0,345
6,500
6,500
5,651
6,082
6,381
3,208
6,000
3,500
2,400
6,401

Flutd
Production

ENGINEERING

Range of

Average

Porosity
W)
5 to 34
27 to 37
15to22
lot020
15to30

Porosity
W)
21
33
18
15
20

Range of
Reservoir
Water
Saturation
W)
9 to 100
8 to 16
151040
25 to 45
151035

Average
Reservoir
Water
Saturation

P/o)
25
10
25
35
20

SEA

Range of
Permeability
WJ)
400 to 3,900
10 to 8,000
100 to 5,500
10 to 2,000

Average
Permeability
WI
3,000
12

Range of
Porowty
W)
25 to 30
7 to 37
IO to 26
-

Average
Porosity
W)
27
28
23
30

Average
Reservoir
Water
Saturation
w/o)
23
20

TABLE 27.17-VENEZUELA
Range of
FormatIon

Upper Laguna
Upper Lagumllas InferNor
Bachaquero inferior

Fluid
Production

0
0
0

Production
Depth
(n)

Average
Production
Depth
(fi)

Range of
Production
Thickness
(fi)

Average
Productson
Thickness
(4

Range of
Permeability
(md)

7,200 lo 10,900
8,100 10 11,400
9.000 lo 11,cOo

9,500
10,000
10,000

20 to 170
20 lo 220
20 to 150

06
142
83

100 lo 470
200 to 3.000
100 to 700

Average
Permeability
W-a
270
1,500
450

Range of Average
Porosity
Porosity
w
Wd
1ato35
30.3
20 lo 32
20.7
17 to 28
21.8