1.

SelfRegulating Cables

Longline Heating

2. PowerLimiting Cables 3. Mineral Insulated Cables

This section provides an overview of the longline heat-tracing technologies available from Tyco Thermal Controls. For complete design assistance, contact your Tyco Thermal Controls representative or phone Tyco Thermal Controls at (800) 545-6258. Also, visit our Web site at www.tycothermal.com. Section Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Self-Regulating Heating Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 LBTV and SLBTV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 VLBTV and VLKTV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Mineral Insulated Heating Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Series-Resistance Heating Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 SC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Skin-Effect Tracing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 STS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Longline System Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Control and Monitoring of Longline Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4. Longline Heating 5. Tubing Bundles 6. Tank Heating 7. Snow and Ice

Introduction
Tyco Thermal Controls provides industryproven solutions for longline applications. Heating long pipelines for freeze protection, viscosity control, or temperature maintenance presents special requirements for electrical heat tracing . These applications require long electrical circuit lengths, usually with a single electrical power point . Tyco Thermal Controls provides a wide range of industry-proven solutions for these applications . Extreme long lines are usually transfer lines between processing plants or to storage or transportation facilities . Tank farms, piers for ocean transport vessels, and pipes between petrochemical facilities are all examples of applications for which longline heat tracing may be used . Even if a processing plant uses steam for in-plant heat tracing, electrical tracing may be beneficial for the transfer lines . Typical applications for longline heating systems include: Water and steam condensate lines Water supply and injection lines Sewage lines Natural gas gathering lines (condensation prevention) Crude oil gathering lines (viscosity control) Off-site crude and fuel oil lines Temperature-sensitive lines Product transfer lines Longline tracing systems can be complex to design and install . For this reason Tyco Thermal Controls offers several technologies to choose from, thus providing the best cost optimization for your project . The technologies are: Self-regulating heating cables Mineral insulated heating cables Series-resistance heating cables Skin-effect tracing systems
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8. Control and Monitoring 9. Heat-Trace 10. Engineered Panels Products 11. SteamTracing Systems 12. Technical Data Sheets 13. Appendixes 14. Index

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all longline heat tracing should be designed with engineering support from Tyco Thermal Controls . For assistance in selecting the best technology for the application, contact your Tyco Thermal Controls representative .

Self-Regulating Heating Cables

LBTV and SLBTV
LBTV cable is especially well suited for tracing pipelines up to 1125 feet (342 m) containing temperature-sensitive fluids, or where high reliability is required. SLBTV extends the maximum circuit length to 2000 feet (610 m) from one power connection point. Raychem brand LBTV and SLBTV heating cables can provide temperature maintenance and freeze protection for continuous circuit lengths up to 1125 feet (342 m) and 2000 feet (610m) respectively powered from a single source . The cable is especially well suited for tracing long pipelines containing temperature-sensitive fluids, or where high reliability is required .

Fluoropolymer outer jacket (-CT) Metal braid Modified polyolefin inner jacket Self-regulating conductive core Nickel-plated copper bus wire (10 AWG)

Fig. 1 LBTV and SLBTV heating cable

Raychem LBTV and SLBTV heating cables maintain process temperatures up to 150F (65C) and can withstand intermittent exposure to temperatures up to 185F (85C). The cable is configured for use in nonhazardous and hazardous locations, including areas where corrosives may be present.

LBTV and SLBTV heating cables provide electrical freeze protection and temperature maintenance up to 150F (65C) for long piping systems in both nonhazardous and hazardous locations . This single-phase, self-regulating heating cable provides freeze protection and low-temperature maintenance for medium-length applications . The parallel circuit design results in a cable that can be cut to length in the field . Within the circuit length limitations, the heat output per foot is independent of circuit length . The cable is constructed with 10 aWg copper bus wires, permitting longer circuit length with less voltage drop than the 16 aWg BTV cable bus wires . These heating cables maintain process temperatures up to 150F (65C) and can withstand intermittent exposure to temperatures up to 185F (85C) . They are approved for use in nonhazardous and hazardous locations, including areas where corrosives may be present . Refer to the data sheets for more detailed information . Data sheets can be found on the Tyco Thermal Controls Web site, www .tycothermal .com .

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1. SelfRegulating Cables

Self-Regulating Heating Cables

2. PowerLimiting Cables

VLBTV and VLKTV

VLBTV and VLKTV heating cables can be used with piping systems up to 12,000 feet (3660 m) in length and can be used in hazardous locations and where corrosives are present. The VLBTV and VLKTV are three-phase heating cables for very long piping systems . Each can be used in hazardous locations and where corrosives are present . They can also be pulled through installation channels when necessary .
VLBTV
Outer insulating jacket Metal braid Primary insulating jacket Self-regulating core

3. Mineral Insulated Cables 4. Longline Heating 5. Tubing Bundles 6. Tank Heating

Heater conductors Phase wires Neutral wire

Fig. 2 VLBTV cross section

7. Snow and Ice 8. Control and Monitoring

Fluoropolymer outer jacket Tinned-copper braid Modified polyolefin jacket Self-regulating core Nickel-plated copper bus wires (10 AWG)

9. Heat-Trace 10. Engineered Panels Products

Fig. 3 VLBTV heating cable

Raychem VLBTV heating cable can maintain process temperatures up to 150F (65C) and can withstand intermittent exposure to temperatures up to 185F (85C).

VLBTV provides basic freeze protection and low-temperature maintenance for medium-long pipelines . The heating cable can maintain process temperatures up to 150F (65C) and can withstand intermittent exposure to temperatures up to 185F (85C) . VLBTV can be used for circuit lengths up to 12,000 feet (3660 m) powered from a single source . Refer to the data sheet for more detailed information . Data sheets can be found on the Tyco Thermal Controls Web site, www .tycothermal .com .

11. SteamTracing Systems 12. Technical Data Sheets 13. Appendixes 14. Index

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VLKTV

Fluoropolymer outer jacket Tinned-copper braid Fluoropolymer insulation Self-regulating conductive fiber Nickel-plated copper bus wires (14 AWG)

Fig. 4 VLKTV heating cable

VLKTV is especially well suited for tracing long pipelines containing temperaturesensitive fluids, or where extreme heating cable reliability is required.

Raychem VLKTV provides high-temperature maintenance for longline applications . VLKTV can also be used to provide low-temperature maintenance for long lines that are exposed to high temperatures . The VLKTV heater can withstand continuous exposure to temperatures up to 300F (150C) and intermittent exposure to 420F (215C) . It can be used for circuit lengths up to 6000 feet (1830 m), powered from a single source . VLKTV is especially well suited for tracing long pipelines containing temperature-sensitive fluids, or where extreme heating cable reliability is required . Refer to the data sheet for more detailed information . Data sheets can be found on the Tyco Thermal Controls Web site, www .tycothermal .com .

Mineral Insulated Heating Cables

Metal sheath (Alloy 825)

Insulation (magnesium oxide)

Heating conductor

Fig. 5 MI heating cable

Pyrotenax MI heating cable is rugged and economical, and can be used for lines up to 5000+ feet (1500+ m).

Pyrotenax brand mineral insulated heating cables are used in longline applications where high temperature maintain and/or high temperature exposures exist, or high power output is required MI heating cable is used in many applications, including transfer lines . It is rugged and economical, and can be used for lines up to 5000+ feet (1500+ m) . a 600-Vac Delta or Wye electrical configuration balances the electrical load well . Designs must be done on a case-bycase basis because the total resistance must be matched to the transformer characteristics . Refer to Mineral Insulated Cables for more detailed information .

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1. SelfRegulating Cables

Series-Resistance Heating Cables

2. PowerLimiting Cables

Series-Resistance Heating Cables

SC

3. Mineral Insulated Cables 4. Longline Heating

Fluoropolymer outer jacket Tinned-copper braid Fluoropolymer inner jacket Fluoropolymer jackets Fiberglass braid Nickel-plated copper conductor

5. Tubing Bundles 6. Tank Heating

Fig. 6 SC heating cable

Raychem flexible series-resistance heating cables can be used when circuit lengths exceed the ratings of conventional parallel-resistance heating cables and a single power source is needed.

Raychem brand flexible series-resistance heating cables can be used when circuit lengths exceed the ratings of conventional parallel-resistance heating cables and a single power source is needed . Ohmic heating of the conductor provides the heat in this series circuit heating cable . Engineering design by Tyco Thermal Controls is required since the wattage output depends on the total circuit length and the voltage applied . SC cables are available in single-, double-, and triple-conductor configurations for single- or three-phase system design . The resistance conductors are electrically isolated with hightemperature, heavy-wall fluoropolymers; a grounding braid; and a final fluoropolymer jacket . Maximum exposure temperatures are 400F (204C) for SC cables, 482F (250C) for SC/H cables, and 195F (90C) for SC/F cables . SC cables are capable of circuit lengths up to 12,000 feet (3659 m) with one power supply point, and voltages up to 600 Vac .

7. Snow and Ice 8. Control and Monitoring 9. Heat-Trace 10. Engineered Panels Products 11. SteamTracing Systems 12. Technical Data Sheets 13. Appendixes 14. Index

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Skin-Effect Tracing System

STS

Fig. 7 Skin-effect tracing system (STS)

The Tracer STS system is custom engineered for the specific application and is ideally suited for long transfer pipelines up to 12 miles (20 km).

The Tracer brand skin-effect tracing system (STS) is custom engineered by Tyco Thermal Controls for the specific application and is ideally suited for long transfer pipelines over one mile (1 .6 km) in length . Consideration is given to transformer design, control and monitoring schemes, conductor wire selection, and installation . In the STS heating system, heat is generated on the inner surface of a ferromagnetic heat tube that is thermally coupled to the pipe to be heat traced . an electrically insulated, temperature-resistant conductor is installed inside the heat tube and connected to the tube at the far end . The tube and conductor are connected in series to an aC voltage source . This method of heating is called skin-effect heating because the return path of the circuit current is pulled to the inner surface (approximately 1 mm) of the heat tube by both the skin effect and the proximity effect between the heat tube and the conductor . The outside surface of the heat tube is at ground potential, while the inner surface of the tube carries full current .
Thermal insulation Heat tube (with conductor inside) Inside surface to conductor

Outside surface to earth

Fluid

Carrier pipe

Fig. 8 Tracer STS cross section

The STS circuit impedance is mainly resistive, generating heat in the heat tube wall and, to a lesser extent, in the insulated conductor . additional heat results from eddy currents induced in the heat tube wall by the current flow through the insulated conductor . A Tracer skin-effect tracing system minimizes the number of power supply points required by offering the longest circuit lengths available to the industry. The allowable circuit length is determined by the power output, heat tube size, conductor size, and the carrier pipe temperature . The biggest installed cost component in electrical heat-tracing systems is often the power distribution system . This is especially true for long lines where power feeds are unavailable . a Tracer STS system minimizes the number of power supply points required by offering the longest circuit lengths available to the industry .

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1. SelfRegulating Cables

Longline System Selection

2. PowerLimiting Cables

Longline System Selection

Tyco Thermal Controls provides a broad range of options for heat-tracing long lines . Decision variables include maintenance temperature, heat-loss circuit length, maximum exposure temperature, power availability, piping system support and construction, thermal insulation k values, and local codes and standards . Use the following table for preliminary cable selection and contact Tyco Thermal Controls for complete system design and optimization . Table 1 System Characteristics Matrix
Maximum circuit length ft (m) LBTV2 SLBTV VLBTV VLKTV MI SC STS 1125 2000 12,000 6000 5000+ 12,000 (343) (610) (3660) (1829) (1524+) (3659) Maximum exposure temperature 185F 185F 185F 420F 1200F 482F 482F (85C) (85C) (85C) (215C) (650C) (250C) (250C) Maximum power output* (Watts/ft) 10 20 20 82 30 Maximum voltage (Vac) 277 277 600 600 600 600 20005000

3. Mineral Insulated Cables 4. Longline Heating 5. Tubing Bundles 6. Tank Heating

65,000 (19,810)

* Design dependent

7. Snow and Ice

Control and Monitoring of Longline Systems

Control of these heat-tracing systems usually involves significant current switching . Simple on-pipe sensing and control can be effectively used since the piping system usually has a single flow path . If there are multiple flow paths, or some instrumentation piping involved, a PaSC system should be considered . It is important to locate the sensors correctly, since flow is usually intermittent and starts from one end of the piping system . Multiple sensors, with the lowest temperature controlling the system turn-on, can be used . ground-fault protection must be used as required by national electrical codes and standards . Current monitoring is effective on all series-heating cables and STS systems . Power transformers are usually dedicated because of the high power requirements . VLBTV and VLKTV heat tracing systems need special control and monitoring configurations . Please contact Technical Support for proper design of these systems .

8. Control and Monitoring 9. Heat-Trace 10. Engineered Panels Products 11. SteamTracing Systems 12. Technical Data Sheets 13. Appendixes 14. Index

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Worldwide Headquarters Tyco Thermal Controls 7433 Harwin Drive Houston, TX 77036 USA Tel: 800-545-6258 Tel: 650-216-1526 Fax: 800-527-5703 Fax: 650-474-7711 info@tycothermal.com www.tycothermal.com

Canada Tyco Thermal Controls 250 West St. Trenton, Ontario K8V 5S2 Canada Tel: 800-545-6258 Fax: 800-527-5703 Tel: 613-392-6571 Fax: 613-392-3999 Latin America Tyco Thermal Controls Al. Araguaia, 2044 Sala.1101, Bloco B Edificio CEA Alphaville Barueri Sao Paulo Brasil 06455-000 Tel: +55 11 2588 1400 Fax: +55 11 2588 1410

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All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Important: All information, including illustrations, is believed to be reliable. Users, however, should independently evaluate the suitability of each product for their particular application. Tyco Thermal Controls makes no warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the information, and disclaims any liability regarding its use. Tyco Thermal Controls' only obligations are those in the Tyco Thermal Controls Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale for this product, and in no case will Tyco Thermal Controls or its distributors be liable for any incidental, indirect, or consequential damages arising from the sale, resale, use, or misuse of the product. Specifications are subject to change without notice. In addition, Tyco Thermal Controls reserves the right to make changeswithout notification to Buyerto processing or materials that do not affect compliance with any applicable specification.

2012 Tyco Thermal Controls LLC

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