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Slab Design Flowchart

for fck <= 90 N/mm
2

Concrete Stress Block

Design stress = hfcd where fcd = acc fck /gc 3.1.6 (1) and h = 1 - (fck-50)/200 <= 1 (3.21) & (3.22) l = 0.8 - (fck-50)/400 <= 0.8 (3.19) & (3.20) xmax = (d - 0.4 )d from (5.10)

BENDING
Design Formulae
M bd 2 f ck x l lx K ' = max d - max 2 d gc 2 K=

Steel Design Stress

fyd = fyk /gs Fig 3.8 x - d ' f yk f sc = 700 x gs

z=

d 1 + 1 - 2g c (min K , K ') 0.95d 2 M ' = bd 2 f ck (K - K ') 0 M' As ' = f sc (d - d ') f M -M' As = + As ' sc f yd z f yd

As >= 0.13% >= 26%fctm/fyk but not > 1.5As 9.2.1.1& 9.3.1.1(1) Distn >= 0.12% >= 0.2Asprov
9.3.1 .1(2)

Primary s <=3h<=400 Secondary s <=3.5h<=450 9.3.1 (3) & (4) .1

SHEAR

(smaller near point loads)

If VRd,ct >= VEd no links, otherwise see beams. 1 0.18bw d VRd ,ct = k ( r l f ck ) 3 0.4 f ctd bw d (6.2) 100 gc As 200 r l = l 0.02 Where k = 1 + 2 bw d d 0.7a ct f ctm (3.1 6) and f ctd = gc

DEFLECTION
Construction overload or striking < 7 days? No Yes No Carry out L/d check to 7.4.2 (2) See separate flowchart

CRACKING
Is h > 200 mm?

Yes Use Table 7.3 for bar spacing Check As, min to

Calculate to 7.4.3

No cracking check required

7.3.2 (2)

See separate flowchart

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Tee & Ell Beam Flowchart

for fck <= 90 N/mm
2

Concrete Stress Block

As for Slabs

BENDING
hf Flange MOR = M ORf = hf cd b f h f d 2

Steel Design Stress

As for Slabs

Compression & tension flange widths to 5.3.2.1

Yes

Is M > MORf ? No

M f = M ORf

(b

- bw) bf

As >= 0.13% >= 26%fctm/fyk

9.2.1 .1

1 - 2( - M f ) 6 M 10 d xmax x = 1 2 l hbw f cd d Mf h ( - M f ) M lx d - f + z= d - M 2 M 2

As >= Ascrack
7.3.2 (2)

Treat as rectangular section, substituting bf for b.

Part of top steel at supports must be spread across the width of the flange
9.2.1 (2) .2 For point load near support, use 6.2.2.5 or 6.2.3 (8)

M OR = hf cd z h f ( f - bw )+ lxbw b

SHEAR

z may be taken as 0.9d

M ' = M - M OR 0 M' As ' = f sc (d - d ') f M -M' As = + As ' sc f yd z f yd

At support face b znf w = cot q + tan q = w cd VEd f ck where n = 0 . 6 1 250

1 cot q =

(6.8)

(6.5)

w + w2 -4 2.5 6.2.3 (2) 2

At d from support face VEd g s Asw A A min sw = sw max (6.7) s s zf cot q s ywk where and
Asw s min = 0.08bw f ck f yk
(9.4) & (9.5)

VRd ,ct =

A sw

m ax =

n f cd b w g 2 f ywk

(6.9)

1 0.18bw d k ( r l f ck ) 3 0.4 f ctd bw d (6.2) 100 gc As 200 r l = l 0.02 where k = 1 + 2 bw d d 0.7a ct f ctm (3.1 4) and f ctd = gc bw znf cd VRd ,max = V (6.8) (cot q + tan q ) Ed

smax,L = 0.75d (9.6) smax,T = 0.75d <= 600 (9.8)

Check Td (main steel tensile force due to shear) at zcotq/2 from support 6.2.3 (7) Or use Shift Rule Fig 9.2

DEFLECTION
Process as Slabs See separate flowchart

CRACKING
Use Table 7.3 for bar spacing See separate flowchart

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SLENDERNESS

Rectangular Columns Design Flowchart

Joint stiffnesses At each end, k = relative column stiffness ie. EI/lcol / S(EI/lbeams), but assume 50% of beam stiffnesses to allow for cracking
simplification of 5.8.3.2 (3)

Yes Effective length (5.15)

k1 k2 l0 = 0.5l 1 + 0.45 + k .1 + 0.45 + k 1 2

Is Column braced?

No Effective length (5.16)

kk k k l0 = l. max 1 + 10 1 2 ; 1 + 1 .1 + 2 k1 + k 2 1 + k1 1 + k 2

Slenderness ratio l = l0 /i (5.14) where i = radius of gyration of section (including reinforcement)

No

Is l <= 25(w+0.9)(2 - M01/M02)? where w =Asfyd/(Acfcd)>=0.05

(from 5.8.3.1)

Yes

Second order moment M2 = 0

BUCKLING
Axial load correction factor Kr = (nu - n)/(nu - nbal) <= 1 (5.36) where n = NEd /(Ac.fcd) nu = 1 + w
nbal may be taken as 0.4

Second order moment M2 = NEd e2 (5.33) 2 where e2 = (1/r) l0 /c

c normally p2 unless constant M0E

MOMENTS
Imperfections Mimp = qi N.l0/2 M01 and M02 to where include any global second order qi=(2/3<=2/l<=1)/200
effects

Creep correction fef = fM0Eqp / M0Ed (5.19)

f from 3.1.3

kf = 1

Curvature 1/r = Kr . Kf .1/r0 (5.34) where 1/r0 = fyd /(0.45d.Es) = fyk /103500d and Kf = 1 + bfef >= 1 (5.37)

Equivalent end moment M0E = 0.6M02 + 0.4M01 >= 0.4M02 where M02 >= M01 (5.32) First order moment M0Ed = M0E + Mimp Final design moment MEd = M0Ed + M2 (5.33) MEd >= M02 Determine Rebar and MRd from N:M interaction charts

Is f <= 2, M/N >= h and l <= 75? No

Yes No No check needed

Is eyb/exh<= 0.2 or exh/eyb <= 0.2? BIAXIAL BENDING

b = 0.35 + fck /200 - l /150

Let n =

Yes

Repeat all for 2nd axis then check

Ed

Ac . f cd + A s f yd

, then

10n + 11 5n + 1 a = If n p 0.7, Max1, , Min 2, 12 3

M Edx M Edy (5.39) M + M 1 Rdx Rdy

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Slab Punching Flowchart

Enhancement factor b
Do adjacent spans differ by <= 25%? No

c1 = column dim in direction of M. c2 = column width. cx = column dim parallel to edge. cy = column dim normal to edge. u1 = full control perimeter (2d locus from
column face, allowing for holes as 6.4.2 (3)).

(rectangular columns)

u1* = reduced control perimeter.

d = (dx + dy) (6.33) r l = r lx .r ly 0.02 Yes

b may be taken as 1.15 for internal columns 1.4 for edge columns or 1.5 for corner columns 6.4.3 (6)

Or Internal Column b = 1 + k MEd u1 /(VEd W1) (6.40) where, if c1/c2 <= 1, k = 0.45 + 0.3(c1/c2 - 0.5) >= 0.45 or if c1/c2 > 1, k = 0.6 + 0.1(c1/c2 - 1) <= 0.8
Table 6.1

Shear Stress
At Column Face vEd = bVEd/(u0.d)
(6.54)

and to (6.42) c W1 = 1 + c1c2 + 4c2 d + 16d 2 + 2pdc1 2

2

Internal u0 = 2(c1+c2) Edge u0 = min(cx+3d,cx+2cy) Corner u0 = min(3d,cx+cy)

6.4.5 (2)

Edge Column u1 u b = + k 1 e par u1 * W1 where k is as internal column, but replace c1/c2 with c1/2c2 u1* = c2 + min (3d , c1 )+ 2pd 1 and to (6.46) 2 c1 W1 = + c1c2 + 4c1d + 8d 2 + pdc2 4 Corner Column If e is towards u b= 1 outside, treat as u1 * internal column (6.47) where c c u1* = min1.5d , 1 + min1.5d , 2 + pd 2 2
A s w , m in S 0 .8 fck 1 .5 S t . f yk (9.11) =

Is vEd > 0.3fcd[1-fck/250]? Yes Increase h No

vRd ,c

At Control Perimeter vEd = bVEd/(u .d) (6.39) 0.18 1/ 3 = k ( r l f ck ) 0.4 f ctd 100 gc (6.48)
1

No Links not required Min h = 200

Is vEd > vRd,c ? Yes

Links
A sw =

St,max <= 1.5d on 1 and <= 2d on last perimeter

st

(v

Ed

Sr

- 0 . 7 5 v R d ,c ) 1 u 1 . 5 f y w d ,e f where

Last link perimeter <= 1.5d from uout (polygonal shape)

Outer control perimeter uout = VEd /(vRd,cd)

(6.55)

f ywd

d f ywd 4 Asw = total link area on 1st perimeter (at >=0.3d &<=0.5d)
,e f

= 250 +

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M = full SLS moment t = age at cracking in days fs = maximum tension bar diameter S = maximum tension bar spacing s = cement type coefficient
0.20 for rapid hardening high strength 0.25 for normal & rapid hardening 0.38 for slow hardening

Flexural Crack Width Calculation Flowchart (rectangular sections)

MATERIALS
Concrete modulus Table 3.1 0.3 Ecm = 22[(fck+8)/10] Modular ratio ae = Es /Ecm Time factor, (3.2) 28 b cc ( t ) = exp s 1 t Mean concrete strength at cracking fcm(t) = bcc(t).fcm Average concrete tensile strength If fck>50, fct,eff = 2.12ln(1+fcm,t /10) 2/3 otherwise, fct,eff = 0.3(fcm,t- 8)

STRESSES
Neutral axis depth
d 2 2 x = d - a e (r - r ')+ a e (r - r ') + 2a e r + r ' 2 d

sc =

Concrete stress M
bx (x - d 2 ) x a 2 d - 3 + As2 ( e - 1)(d - d 2 ) x

Stress in tension steel d -x ss = s ca e x

CRACKING
Effective tension area 7.3.4 (2)

(h - x), h Ac,eff = min 2.5(h - d ) , 3 2 and As r p ,eff = Ac ,eff

Max final crack spacing, if spacing <=5c+2.5f

Average strain for crack width calculation

(7.9)

s s - 0.4 e sm - e cm =

f ct ,eff r p ,eff Es

( +a r ) 1
e p ,eff

0.6

s r , m a x = 3 .4 c +

0 . 2 1 2 5 k 1f

r p ,eff

(7.11)

ss Es

otherwise, sr,max = 1.3(h-x) (7.12) where k1 = 0.8 for high bond, otherwise 1.6 and c = cover

Crack width (7.8) Wk = smax(esm - ecm)