Created By Khairil Anuar Yusof

[ASSIGNMENT 2 THERMODYNAMIC]

Introduction
What is thermodynamic? Thermodynamics is as old as the universe itself, and the universe is simply the largest known thermodynamic system. When the universe ends in a whimper and the total energy of the universe dissipates to nothingness, so will thermodynamics end. Broadly speaking, thermodynamics is all about energy: how it gets used and how it changes from one form to another. In many cases, thermodynamics involves using heat to provide work, as in the case of your automobile engine, or doing work to move heat, as in your refrigerator. With thermodynamics, you can find out how efficient things are at using energy for useful purposes, such as moving an airplane, generating electricity, or even riding a bicycle. The word thermodynamics has a Greek heritage. The first part, thermo, conveys the idea that heat is somehow involved, and the second part, dynamics, makes you think of things that move. Keep these two ideas in mind as you look at your world in terms of the basic laws of thermodynamics. Energy takes many different forms it cant be created or destroyed, but it can change form. This statement is one of the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. Consider how energy changes form in storm clouds: Storm clouds have motion within them. Motion between moisture droplets in clouds rubbing against each other creates friction. Friction causes a buildup of static charge. When the charge becomes high enough, the clouds produce lightning. This electrical surge of energy can then start a fire on the ground, and before you know it, you have a combustion problem on your hands.

Not only does energy change form, but matter also changes form in many thermodynamic systems. Storm clouds are formed by water evaporating into the air. As the water vapor reaches the colder parts of the atmosphere, it condenses to form clouds. Eventually, the amount of moisture the clouds contain becomes great enough to collect into droplets and form liquid water again, so it rains. One thing people have observed about energy is that it flows in a preferred direction. This observation is another fundamental law of thermodynamics. Heat flows from a hot object to a cold object. Wind blows from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure. Some forms of energy are developed by forces of nature. Air bubbles move upwards in water against gravity because buoyancy forces them to rise. Water droplets fall in the atmosphere because the force of gravity pulls them toward the ground.

Created By Khairil Anuar Yusof

[ASSIGNMENT 2 THERMODYNAMIC]

Content
Thermodynamic is very important in daily life or real life. Thermodynamic is mainly used in engineering or even medical. Thermodynamic is a branch of natural system which mainly concern about heat and in relation with work and energy. There is two laws of thermodynamic. The first law of thermodynamic said heat and work are forms of energy transfer while for the second law state that the entropy of any isolated system not in thermal equilibrium almost always increase. Thermodynamic in daily life can be seen in medical research. Thermodynamic process is important in protein stability. The major drawback in expressing recombinant proteins in suitable hosts is that the protein molecules often form inclusion bodies. Recent various methods have been developed for refolding the inclusion bodies. Thermodynamic studies can be used as one of the tool to predict how the protein molecule changes its conformation under various environmental conditions. In other words, the values of thermodynamic parameters are helpful in analyzing the stability of proteins. In addition, protein molecules are deactivated when exposed to different environmental conditions. The protein deactivation phenomenon could be considered as a process in which secondary or tertiary structures change without the breakage of covalent bonds. The protein molecule can deactivate either reversibly or irreversibly. The critical factor to be assessed is how much activity is lost and how much can be improved over time. This aspect is particularly important for both industrial and biologically important proteins. This problem could be tackled by thermodynamic studies of protein molecules and the requirements to conduct thermodynamic studies Thermodynamic also is applied even cooling machines, such as refrigerators and air conditioners, actually use heat, simply reversing the usual process by which particles are heated. The refrigerator pulls heat from its inner compartment which the area where food and other perishables are stored and transfers it to the region outside. This is why the back of a refrigerator is warm. Inside the refrigerator is an evaporator, into which heat from the refrigerated compartment flows. The evaporator contains a refrigerant such as ammonia, that readily liquefied. This gas is released into a pipe from the evaporator at a low pressure, and as a result, it evaporates, a process that cools it. The pipe takes the refrigerant to the compressor, which pumps it into the condenser at a high pressure. Located at the back of the refrigerator, the condenser is a long series of pipes in which pressure turns the gas into liquid. As it moves through the condenser, the gas heats, and this heat is released into the air around the refrigerator. An air conditioner works in a similar manner. Hot air from the room flows into the evaporator, and a compressor circulates refrigerant from the evaporator to a condenser. Behind the evaporator is a fan, which draws in hot air from the room, and another fan pushes heat from the condenser to the outside. Thus, the thermodynamic process is important in design and construction of home appliance. Thermodynamic also applied in other more home appliance not only refrigerators or air conditioners, but also in microwave or water heater.

Created By Khairil Anuar Yusof

[ASSIGNMENT 2 THERMODYNAMIC]

On top of that, thermodynamic studies also have improve the technology from time to time. The most major technology improvement is in automobile industries. During early development of automobile industries engine are used to power up cars and motorcycles. Thermodynamic process also occur inside a engine as we know that the engine is a closed system. Early design of engine is not based on thermodynamic studies which mostly not efficient and unreliable. The studies of engine involving with thermodynamic studies have increase engine efficiencies and even develop new kind of propulsion system. From the first and second law of thermodynamic, turbine propulsion apply the law of thermodynamic in order to operate according to its design. Turbine is mainly used ship propulsion in gas or steam turbine in which the law of thermodynamic assist during design stage to predict its work output, energy consumption, pollution level or work input. From this we seen that thermodynamic help in cost saving by perfecting the design just by applying the law of thermodynamic. That is why laws of thermodynamic is very important in daily life it helps human to improve to better life. Earth also is part of thermodynamic process. Climate changes occur due to thermodynamic process. Our atmosphere also is categories as in thermodynamic process as heat transfer and exchange occur between the ocean and the atmosphere. By following the law of thermodynamic which is first and second law of thermodynamic, atmospheric thermodynamic involve with properties of moist air, formation of clouds, atmospheric convection or boundary layer meteorology. Thermodynamic concepts are used as tools in the forecasting of storm development. In order to predict the storm the hurricane is modeled as a heat engine which running between ocean temperature at 300K and tropopause at 200K. Parcels of air moving close to the surface take up moisture and warm, ascending air expands and cools releasing rain during the condensation. The release of latent heat energy during the condensation provides mechanical energy for the hurricane. Both a decreasing temperature in the upper troposphere or an increasing temperature of the atmosphere close to the surface will increase the maximum winds observed in hurricanes. When applied to hurricane dynamics it defines a Carnot heat engine cycle and predicts maximum hurricane intensity.

Created By Khairil Anuar Yusof

[ASSIGNMENT 2 THERMODYNAMIC]

Conclusion
From the research that have been done it is found that thermodynamic is applied almost to every aspect such as in medical research, automotive industries, home appliance and even around us which is the atmosphere. Our body also use the concept of thermodynamic as we consume energy which assume as energy input to produce work in order to live. Thermodynamic is very unique in its own process as it cannot be seen by naked eye. Without the studies of thermodynamic we cannot achieve what we have today. The studies of thermodynamic helps human keep advancing and become more efficient then before such the invasion of propulsion system which use the concepts of thermodynamic during design stage. In conclusion thermodynamic is very important in human daily life to keep human more technological superior in near future.

Created By Khairil Anuar Yusof

[ASSIGNMENT 2 THERMODYNAMIC]

Reference
1. http://www.ldolphin.org/mystery/chapt7.html 2. http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/Real-Life-Physics-Vol-2/Thermodynamics-Real-lifeapplications.html#b 3. http://www.asecular.com/forests/vfw/energy/envirothermo.htm 4. http://entropysite.oxy.edu/wiki_secondlaw.html 5. http://books.google.com.my/books?id=fy5hs04OeMQC&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=thermodynami c+in+daily+life&source=bl&ots=6iu0OldOjE&sig=YGkHGy_uhBGFjhVB8K6Gb_Qqcg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gbJ1UJPqI6aZiQeDhoG4Aw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBTgK#v=one page&q=thermodynamic%20in%20daily%20life&f=false 6. http://books.google.com.my/books?id=av7q4N8Ib6sC&pg=PA450&lpg=PA450&dq=thermodyn amic+in+weather&source=bl&ots=fMwYdfio70&sig=b9gnL1Wa1RTzRJIzteDQ6oTvuJs&hl=en &sa=X&ei=6Ll1UJjpB4XriAe1sIDoAw&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=thermodynamic %20in%20weather&f=false 7. http://books.google.com.my/books?id=Hema6k2BMo4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=thermodyna mic+in+weather&source=bl&ots=1JPH8yfK7O&sig=ElIbUXJcAnVcCd5yzhZRweCBq0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Ibx1UJr5AqiwiQfr8YG4BQ&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepag e&q=thermodynamic%20in%20weather&f=false 8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_thermodynamics