Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BY
Department of Human Resource Management Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce University of Sri Jayewardenepura December 2010
AN EXAMINATION INTO THE ADHERENCE OF FACTORY ORDINANCE WHICH REGARD TO SAFETY MEASURES OF WORK ENVIRONMENT AT PETROLEUM INDUSTRY.
BY
An Independent Research Report Submitted to the University Of Sri Jayewardenepura In Partial Fulfillment of The requirements For the Degree Of B.Sc Human Resource Management
Department Of Human Resource Management Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce University Of Sri Jayewardenepura December 2010
CERTIFICATION
I here by recommend that the thesis was prepared under supervision by Jayalath Pathirage Anjalee Chathurika( CPM- 4154, MC- 55305).
Entitled An examination into the adherence of Factory Ordinance which regard to safety measures of work environment at Petroleum Industry. I accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Human Resource Management.
.. Thesis supervisor
Department of Human Resource Management Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce University of Sri Jayewardenepure Sri Lanka
December 2010
DECLARATION
I certify that this research paper does not incorporate without acknowledgement, any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any university and to the best of my knowledge and belief it does not contain any material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text.
J.P.A.CHATHURIKA
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The completion of this research study as a part of B.Sc Human Resource Management degree program was of great personal satisfaction to me. As well as the completion of my research could not have been accomplished without the support and assistance of persons I both my academic lives. Many people, too numerous to mention have assisted and encourage me in so many ways, through this study. So I am sincerely appreciative of those who helped me during this endeavor. This research was conducted under the supervision of Mrs. G.D.N.Perera whose is senior lecture, and guidance, directions from commencement until completion, work of immense value to me. So I would like to thank her and appreciate to her guidance. I wish to offer my heart full thank to Dr. Mrs.Bhadra Arachchige, she gave me an opportunity to conduct this research study providing knowledge about research methodology and introducing supervisors for me. I am deeply indebted to the HR executive Mr. Munas, B-1 Clark Mr.Nihal perera, Manager and executive officer of fire and safety function in Ceylon Petroleum Oil Installation-kolonnawa.who were supported me to get in all information and data in oil installation and I was able collect relevant data and information through their fully intervention. I wish to offer my heart full thanks to manager of fire and safety function, assisting me to collect data from Petroleum workers and encouraging me at all the times to conduct my studies well. I sincerely thank to all people in the petroleum corporation oil installation all over the world by helping me filling the questionnaire as my respondents of the research. I must thank to my friends Mr. Janaka Mahesh, Mr.Pushpika, Mr. kossinna, Mr.Eranga for helping me in different aspects to complete this research successfully. Finally, to my mother and father who were sacrifice a lot to complete this study, encouragement and support me throughout this study.
. J.P.A. Chathurika
ABSTRACT
Employees occupational safety is most sinificant function in Human Resourcr Management. In present situation employees safety measures are considering seriously in organizations. Human bein is the most critical aspect in any organization, as this reason employees safety is very impotant in the modern business wold.
Sri Lanken overnment has been establish ordinance for employees Health and Safety including compensation scheme. Which is namely Ordinance No.45 of 1942 Factory Ordinance. Factory ordinance reffered workers safety provisions and health, safety special provisions. These provisions coverdworkers safety measures in the work place. Also ordinance No.19 of 1934, No.3 of 1946 workmens compensation ordinance provided for the payment of compensation to workmen who are injured in the course of their employment.
This research itself is trying to examination in to adherence of factory ordinance which regard to safety measures of work environment by Petroleum Industry. Basically, with regard to the workers occupational safety measures are practicing, in the work place. According to the factory ordinance safety measures. Also, this research is trying to find, most effected reasons for unsafety conditions. This research consist two variables. Which are dependent vatiable and independent variable. As the dependent variable is factory ordinace safety measures and independent vatiable is employee safety measures.
Primary source as well as sources used to gathered data. Via convenience sampling method gathered quantitative data and which were analysed using means, standard deviation method.
According to the findings of this study, already safety practices in Ceylon Petroleum Storege Terminals Limited Oil Installation kolonnawa comparison of factory ordinance safety measures and finding most effected reasons of unsafety conditions in this organization. This researh is mainly focus on workmens safety practices how far important in the work place.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Safety culture is often used interchangeable with safety climate, in the sanse of reflecting workers attitudes towards safety. Workers safety is the protection of the physical health of people and freedom from risk and danger. Historicaly he manufactures work place, the factory was filled with risks like dangerous machinary and poor lighting.(John,2010) The regulatory approach to health and safety does not depend on worker mobility or knowledge to function effectively. it relies instead on governments to legislate either performance or more typically, specification standards that are enforced by safety inspectors who Canley fines or initiate prosecutions for violations.(Raymond,1998)
Chapter one presents the introduction part, it consists with the research problem area as the deree to which workers safety practices
1.6
TIME FRAMEWORK
TIME\ ACTIVITY
16th DECE
3rd FEBR
MARCH APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUGUS
Initial proposal
develop Questi.
final submited
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2
Safety culture is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organizations health and safety management (HSC, 1993a, p. 23). The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organizations health and safety management. Organizations with a positive safety culture are characterized by communications founded on mutual trust, by shared perceptions of the importance of safety and by confidence in the efficacy of preventive measures. That assembly of characteristics and attitudes in organizations and individuals which establishes that, as an overriding priority, nuclear plant safety issues receives the attention warranted by their significance. Safety Culture is the fundamental underlying beliefs and values of a group of people in relation to risk and safety.A more common explanation describes Safety Culture as simply the way we do things around here. Thus, Safety Climate refers more specifically to workers perceptions of how safety is managed in the workplace and the likelihood those perceptions will contribute to a workplace accident.
made under the principal acts covered specific hazards or machines. (e.g. woodworking machinery regulations, electricity regulations ect) such regulations have the effect of superseding or qualifying the requirements of the parent statute.(Cole,1997) Organizations are obliged to comply with the law as expressed though workers compensation, safety and other relevant legislation in the various states. Under common law too employers have a duty to provide a safe system of work. However legislation is not highly prescriptive, relying instead on participation and a cooperative spirit between employees and employers to achieve a safety working environment. (Stone, 1998) HRM can be assure that rules and regulations are enforced is to develop some type of feed back system such as oral or written reports or periodic walks through the work areas to make observation for ensuring employee safety. (Cenzo, Robbins, 2007)
5. Q form to be filled for cases reqiring over 7 days accident leave allowable. 6. Period of accident leave allowable. 7. All cases of death and disablement, the personnel manager should be consulted. 8. Correspondence with the commissioer of workmens compensation 9. Agrement of the employee 10. Persons eligible for workmens compensation. 11. Acceptence of medical of certificates for accident leave. (personnel Division Circular No.82 Petroleum Industry)
2.3
Factory means any premises in which persons are employed in manual labor in any process for or incidental to any of the following purposes. The function of enforcement advisory training and education in industrial health and safety are the responsibilities of the factory division, department of health, the community medicine, central environment authority. Employees safety means protection of the physical health of people freedom from risk and danger. The protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse safety. (Factory ordinance 1942)
2.3.2
1. Dangerous machines or parts secuely fenced maintenance of such fencing Where scalding, corrosive or poisonous liqid is stored special provision is made for securely covering such substances or securely fencing them. 2. Woman or young person shall not clean any moving part of the machine. 3. Training and superision for young persons working at dangerous machines. 4. Maintenance of all machines, floors, passages and stair cases 5. Where work has has to be done any pit or tank The free end of which is eld by a person outside or should be provided with suitable breathing apparetus. 6. Precautions are also prescribed with regard to explosives or inflammable dust, gas 7. Where a factory had more than 20 persons employed in the same building above the first floor, or more that 20 feet above ground level effective steps should be taken to ensure that all the persons employed are familiar with the means of escape in case of fire. 8. Special safety arrenements for the prevention of accidents in view of the frequency and natureof accidents accuring in any factory.(factory ordinance 1942)
2.3.3
1. Removal of dust of fumes 2. Precautions regarding meals in certain dangerous trades 3. Protection of eyes in certain processes (factory ordinance, 1942)
2.3.4
Accidents conditions
Safety accident is a more accurate indicator of safety culture within the workplace, with safety management practices perceived as an indication of the safety culture within senior management. If an organization has good safety management practices, there will be a better safety climate within the workforce. Most of thinking of an accident is as some event that causes a personal injury. But in point of fact it is an unexpected occurrence that interrupts regular progress of work, a discrete occurrence in the course of work which leads to physical or mental harm and to death or to incapacity for work, more than 3 days. It is not the deliberate or expected happening. Due this unexpected occurrence employee may injury or die and property get damaged. (Factory ordinance 1942)
2.3.5
Compensation conditions
Most of the state workers compensation laws apply to both privet and public environment; none of the laws covers all forms of employment. For various historical, political, economic, or administrative reasons, each of the laws has certain gaps. Laws that are elective rather than compulsory permit the employer to reject coverage; but in the event he does, he loses the customary common law defenses: assumed risk of the employment, negligence of a fellow servant, and contributory negligence. A few states still restrict compulsory coverage to socalled hazardous occupations. Many laws exempt employers having less than a specified number of employees. (factory ordinance)
2.4 The reasons for differences of factory ordinance safety measures and practices
Once these have been identified, the manufacture has to determine whether or not something must be done about them. (factory ordinance)
Safety-related behaviors of workers (i.e. wearing PPE, following safety procedures) are influenced by their perceptions and attitudes towards safety.
Human ability to run major hazard installation is of fundamental importance, not for plants which require a lot of manual operation but also for highly automated plants requiring human intervention only in the case of an emergency. The trend around safety culture originated after
Chernobyl disaster brought attention to the importance of safety culture and the impact of managerial and human factors on the outcome of safety performance.
Feedback about employee performance of safe behaviors, locus of control, social adjustment and distractibility, person-environment fit, ergonomics, housekeeping and overtime have all been associated as causes of accidents.(Harvey, Bolam, Gregoty,Erdos,2001) Alcoholism is major factor of creating accidents. To identify alcoholism as early as possible, it is essential that supervisors monitor the performance of all personal regularly and systematically. A supervisor should carefully document evidence of declining performance on the job ad then confront the employee with unequivocal proof that the job is suffering. (Nell, 2009) human factors have been widely recognized as significant role in the safety performance of organizations. Initially, interest in the contribution of human factors to an organizations safety performance focused on physical design and its relationship to operators.(Donald, Young,1996) Attempting to model employees safety behavior must take into account the salience of safety since this determines the importance placed upon some behaviors to the exclusion of others. Attitudes and behavior have been causally linked and attitudes and safety behavior are not likely to be exceptional to theories. Attitudes, defined as stable predispositions, are the most comprehensive and useful indicators of a safety culture. Indeed, Donald Canter (1994) found a significant correlation between safety attitudes may change behavior and thus directly and indirectly affect safety culture and accident rates, such influence being greater or less depending on the context, or other psychological factors such as perception of risk.(Harvey,Bolam,Gregory,2001) consistent evidence of a significant relationship between a
more positive safety behavior and fewer accidents has been demonstrated in hazardous industries, such as chemical and nuclear processing.(Clarke,2006)
2.5.2
Many accidents and incidents on mine sites have a causal factor in the rules and reulations that supposely are in place to prevent the incident from occuring.the causes involve a lack of awareness or understanding, ignorance, or deliberate violations. The issues of mine rules, procedures, and reulations is a central focus of these reosons. Management and regulators should not continue to produce more and more rules and regulations to cover every aspect of mining. Detailed perscriptive regulations, detailed safe work procedures, and voluminous safe manaement plans will not connect with a miner. Achieving more effectie rules and regulations is not the only answer to a safer work place.
2.5.3
Personal protective equipment getting employees to wear personal protective equipment can be a famously difficult chore. Wear ability is important. In addition to providing reliable protection and durability, protective gear should fit properly; be easy to care for, maintain, and repair; be flexible and lightweight; provide comfort and increase heart stress.(Dessler,Varkkey,2009) By identifying an organizations safety within a workplace, managers gain an opportunity to identify the state of safety within that workplace without having to wait for the system to fail. Three components of safety culture can be objectively monitored as a predicitive indicator of potential safety risk. These components include: situational, behavioural, and psychological aspects. 1. Situational aspects can be observed through the organizations management systems, policies, working procedures, communication flow, etc. and can be measured by audits of safety management systems.
2. Behavioral aspects relate to how people act in the workplace and can be measured through self-reported data, outcome measures and peer observations. The psychological component relates to employees norms, values, attitudes and perceptions of safety in the workplace. 3. Psychological components are commonly measured in the form of a safety climate survey. Surveys of this type often consist of a number of various safety climate measures (e.g. management commitment), thought to be important in developing a positive safety culture. Results are then correlated against a performance measure to determine the predictive validity of the survey.
2.4.2
As the result of UN safety conditions, Accidents are fundamental factor. The cause of an accident can be generally classified as either human or environmental. Human causes are directly attributable to human error brought about b carelessness, intoxication, daydreaming, inability to do the job, or other human deficiency. Environmental causes, in contrast, are attributable to the work place and of these sources are important, but the human factor is responsible for the vast majority of accidents.(Cenzo, D.A. De, Robbins S.P., 2007)job and workplace factors are more important than individual factors in determining the risk of injury. The number of work hazards and perceived work overload were associated with increased risk. Injury rates are initially high for new workers, but decline in a very similar manner for all age groups with increasing time on the job, regardless of sex, industry or occupation. While much remain to be learned about the factors that put young workers at higher risk of injury than older workers, it is increasingly clear that job related factors such as the type of work; short job tenure and perceived work overload are significant contributors to the elevated risk. There is a need for further work to confirm these findings and to better understand specific issues such as the greater apparent risk to workers, who are no loner attending school, the significant geographic variations among and within jurisdictions, and the long-term impact of an injury on earning capacity.(McCloskey, E.,2008) workplace hazards affecting all workers must be
controlled by means of engineering controls and administrative practices to the extent that is practical. However, in addition to that, proper orientation and training of young and new workers, particularly full time young workers, is essential, and consideration should be given to gradual introduction of potentially hazardous tasks.( Dessler,G.,Varkkey, B.,2009 ) high accident-rete sectors, such as manufacturing and construction, also in low accident-rete sectors, such as the service industry.(Clarke, S.,2006)
- Stress
Problem such as alcoholism and drug abuse sometimes reflect underline psychological causes such as stress and digression. A variety of external factors can lead to job stress. Job security, route to and from work, and the number and nature of customers or clients. Even noise, including people talking and telephone riggings, contributes to stress. (Dessler, Varkkey, 2009). Sress is dynamic condition in which an individual confronts an opportunity, consraint, or demand related to what he or she desires, and for which the outcomes is perceived as both uncertain and important.stress is complex issue, so let us look at it more closly.
2.4.3
Reducing un safety conditionsis always an employers first line of defence in accident prevention.in addition, supervisors and managers playa role in reducing unsafe conditions.UN safe condition is UN safe acts can undo even the best attempts to reduce un safe conditions.( Dessler,Varkkey,2009)
Training Program
Safety training of the type just described has particular challenges. It is a commonly held view amongst safety practitioners, regulators, and trainers that safety training is safety training of the type just describe has particular challenges.(Cooper, Cotton, ,2000) safety training programs such as that used in the organization investigated here, are often conducted with only minimal measures of their effectiveness, usually only at the reaction level of evaluation.(Harvey, Bolam, Gregory, Erdos,2001) safety training is not only good business, in certain occupational areas safety and health training is legally required.
When training is mandated, employers must keep accurate records of all employee education. Violations can incur criminal penalties. In companies that voluntarily undertake safety and health training, one study found the most frequent topics to be 1.first aid, 2.defensive driving, 3.accident prevention techniques, 4.hazardous materials and 5.emergency procedures. Most programs emphasize the use of emergency first aid equipment and personal safety equipment. (Nell,2009)
Make sure workers have enouh fresh air. Avoid suspect buildings matirials and furnishings. Test new buildings for toxins before occupancy. Provide a smoke free environment. Keepin air duct clean and dry. Paying attention to workers complaints.
Figure 1 summarizes the duties a manufacture has to fulfill in the major hazard control system. First and foremost, the management of an installation which can cause a major accident has a duty to control this major hazard. To do this, it must be aware of the nature of the hazard, of the events that cause accidents and of the potential consequences of such accidents. This means that, in order to control a major hazard successfully, management must have answer to the following questions: a) b) c) d) What can management do to prevent these accidents happening? What can be done mitigate the consequences of an accident? Which failures or errors can cause abnormal conditions leading to a major accident? Do toxic, explosive or flammable substances in our facility constitute a major accident?
There is a lack of evidence to demonstrate that current measurement tools employed by the safety profession adequately indicate the state of safety in the workplace. In brief, evidencing top managements commitment requires several things. Top management should be personally involved in safety activities; give the company matters hih priority in meeting and production sceduling; give the company safety officer hih rank and states; and including safety training in new workers training.
Start Here
Is my installation excluded?
No Action
No Action
ACTIONS (depending on the local legislation) Provide notification to authorities prepare and submit safety report provide information on significant modifications prepare an on-site emergency plan
ACTION in the event of a major accident Notify major accident to authority Provide information on major accident
provide further information provide information on request to local authority to enable it to draw an off-site emergency plan
Assume a stance that allows the feet to give a wide base of support. Bend at the knees to a squatting position. Do not bend from the waist as this puts the back in a vulnerable position. Keep the distance between you and the load at a minimum. Avoid twisting, jerking motions and lifting overhead. Lift only what you are capable of handling. Take your time. Lift, reach and carry carefully. Know your weight lifting capacity. Ask for assistance if it feels like or even appears to be more than a one-person job. Push up against the object to be lifted to get an idea of how heavy it is before lifting.
Temperature Extremes When employees are subjected to work in adverse weather conditions such as extreme heat or cold, it can be dangerous. Extra precaution should be taken to accommodate the employees in these conditions. Heat When exposed to excessive heat conditions, employees can experience heat-induced ailments such as heat stroke, heat exhaustion and heat cramps.
Medical screening Gradual acclimatization to working in the heat Incorporate a work/rest routine Continual monitoring of employees Drink sufficient amounts of water and fluids that contain electrolytes, potassium, salt and sugar Cold Employees working in cold conditions or environments face frostbite, frosting, and hypothermia. If you or your employees show any sign of the above conditions, it is vital that you consult a physician or seek medical attention before initiating any kind of treatment or first aid. Taking matters into your own hands, without the advice or assistance of a properly trained and experienced health care provider, is not suggested. In an Emergency Sometimes employees are exposed to a hazard that requires immediate attention. The following are some guidelines to help maximize prompt reaction during a critical situation:
Have an adequately supplied first-aid kit readily available. Maintain an easily accessible emergency eyewash station. Keep a list of emergency phone numbers readily available (local fire and police departments and Poison Control Center).
2.5.7
When the workplace hazards cannot be eliminated or reduced, personal protective equipment may be necessary. PPE does not eliminate a hazardous situation; it simply creates a protective barrier between the employee and the hazard. Equipment can be in the form of:
Safety glasses or goggles Gloves Boots Hearing protection Hardhats Respirators Make sure employees that are required to wear PPE are properly fitted and trained. PPE becomes the basic protection device. Its important to take a very strong positive attitude towerd the proper use of PPE.once it is decided that personnel protective equipment is going to be used, then do the following. 1. Write a policy on useage of the PPE and communicate it to employees and isitors as needed. 2. Select the proper type of equipment. 3. Implement a throrouh training proram. 4. Make certain the employee knows the correct use and maintenance of the equipment 5. Enforce its use. For safe use of any personal protective device, it is essential the user be properly instructed in its selection, use, and maintenance. Both supervisors and orkers shall be so instructed by competent person. After the need for personal protective equipment has been established, to select the proper type. The degree of protection that a particular piece of equipment affords under various conditions is the most important criterion.
2.5
Compensation system
In the event an accident does occur, the employee may turn to the employers workers compensation insurance to cover his or her expenses and losses. In turn, the employers workers compensation premium reflect the number of size of its claims.(Huang, 1999) As a
business owner, you may need workers' compensation insurance to protect employees who are injured on the job and to comply with workers' compensation laws.
Workers compensation programs can be evaluated by the extent to which the satisfy the following commonly accepted objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Income replacement Restoration of earning capacity and return to productive employment Industrial accident prevention and reduction Proper allocation of costs Achievement of the other four objectives in the most efficient manner possible
Not all of these objectives are equally important or accepted. The first two generally are considered most important. These objectives sometimes conflicts with one another, but in most ways they are linked by the design of the program. Economic changes and public policy have prompted increase in benefits and scope of the laws, the basic concepts have not undergone any radical changes.employees and labours are both dissatisfied with certain aspect of workers compensation.labour attacks the system for inadequate benefits, coverage limitations, and exclusion of many injuries, illness, and disabilities that they consider job related.(factory o)
2.6
Summary
CHAPTER 3
3.2
3.2.3
Compensation provision
3.3
Ceylon Petroleum Storage Terminals Limited (CPSTL) is the common user facility company established to facilitate the petroleum storage and distribution activities in Sri Lanka. Committed to safeguards the national interests and word class standards in the industry while protecting the environment health and safety of employees and public.
MISION To remain as the most efficient terminal operator in the island, meeting stakeholders expectations and committed to make perceivable and continual improvement in the level of customer satisfaction, while preserving the quality and ensuring the exact quantity of the petroleum products being delivered to the terminal facility user/customers, honoring the health, environmental and safety standards in force through dedicated participation of a loyal, contended and well trained workforce, guided by the feedback of the customers and the general public.
COMPANY Ceylon Petroleum Storage Terminals Limited is a company duly incorporated under the companies Act No.07 of 2007 in terms of section 2(1) of the conversion of Public corporation or Government owned business undertakings into public companies Act No.23 of 1987, owns the common user facility (CUF) consisting of oil terminals, storage facilities, pipelines and the Bowser feet, more fully described in the Government Gazette extraordinary bearing No.1310-8 date 13th October 2003.This company engaged in bulk petroleum storage and distribution activities with state of the art infrastructure facilities for management of down stream product handling in Sri Lanka. Company serve around one thousand retail outlet island wide owned by Ceylon Petroleum Corporation and Lanka Indian oil Corporation to meet the energy demand of the retail consumers in the country and the large number of bulk consumers in various industrial sectors involved in the economic development process.
Two main installations supported by 11 bulk depots which are involved in the storage and distribution network with around 3000 employees actively participation in various activity of the company.
BULK PETROLEUM PRODUCT Lanka petrol 90 octane Lanka Industrial Kerosene Lanka Auto diesel Lanka super diesel Lanka kerosene Lanka petrol 95 octane Lanka furnace oil Lanka Aviation Gasoline 100/300 Lanka Aviation Turbine fuel (JET A-10) Xtra Premium Xtra mile
BULK DEPOTS There are eleven depots maintain by CPSTL. Matara, badulla ,kotagala, anuradapura, sarasaviuyana, polonnaruwa, Galle, haputhale, kurunagala, peradeniya, balicaloa, kankasanthurai
FUNCTIONS Human Resource Department, finance Department, Fire and safety Department, Distribution Funtion, OMI Function, Enineering Function, Premises Function, Medical Function, Garage Function, Procument Function, IT Department, Security Function.
3.3.2 SAFETY RULES AND PROCEDES IN THE ORGANIZATION Some kind of safety equipment Plus Respirators Pro Respirators Portable Air supply System Nose cup Support belys MSA pvc belts are easy to decontaminate. If decontamination is not a factor, users may opt for an ancoated nylon web belt. Spectacle kit for full-face pice respirators For use by worers ho must wear corrective lenses, the spectacle kit can be easily inserted into the face piece. The kit includes a wire support, rubber guide and pir of metal-frame spectacles. Desired adjustment is obtained by moving the spectacles in and out of the rubber guid and up and down the wire support. Cyinders Personnel Alarms Sound contro hearing protetion First Aid kits Oxgygen Administrator Full body Harnesses Eye and face protection V-gard protective caps and hats (Helments) V-Gard protective caps and helments from MSA consist of a polyethylene shell and suspension system working together as a protection system. V-Gard headwear features advanced styling in either cap or hatstyles. Sound control cap Sound contro caps are desinged for easy attachment to slotted MSA caps and help to reduce the effects excessive noice. Helmet Lights and slot Adapters Sun shields Fire helmets EC Faceshield frames The chemgard EC faceshield frams are compatible with slotted V-Gard caps. Protective foot wear Special work clothing Softframe single lens goggle
3.3.3
The procedure relating to accidents to persons and workmans compensation It has been obseved that their is no unformity in regard to action taken by various divisions in respect of wokers who meet with accidents whilst on duty. With a vow to stream-lining such action the following instruction are set out for the guidence of officers incharge ofvarious work places. The procedure out lined here under should be strictly adhere to by all officersin charge of division, sub division, installation, bulkdepot, and otero york places of te corporacin. 1. Accidente registre to be kept at work place. At each work place an accident registre in the prescribed form shall be maintained and made conveniently available to all employees. As soon as an accident is reported in which an emplyee is injured form should be filled in by the employee or on the employees behalf. 2. Injured employee to be despatohed for medical attention. Immerdiately or as soon as possible after the accident, form must be filled by the officer In charge and the nearst goverment medical officer/ corporation medical officer/ medical officer approved by the corporation for the purpose of medical scheme. After the examination of the injured workmen it is the practice for the medical officer to recommend leave on the form itself. The workmen or, if the injury is serious the person accompanying the injured workmen should be instructed to brin back to the work place form , after it has been filled in by the medical officer and on hich the medical officer would have stated the accident leave that should be allowed. 3. Accidentes leaves should be authorised only by the officer who is empowered to do so in terms of paragraph 6 below however officer in charge can allow absence from duty for the number of days authorised by M.O. On receipt of this form the officer In charge will inform the workmen that he may absent himself from duty for the period specified by medical officer, subject to the ranting of accident leave by the appropriate authority. The officer In charge may authorize payment of salary for the period of absent subject to adjestment when the appropriate authority, gives a decisin on the appication for accident leave. Employees reporting back to work after accident leave should be allowed to do so only afetr obtaining a report from M.O. to the effect tht the workman is fit to resume work. From WC 4 may be used for this purpose.
Accidente leave should not be granted by the officer in charge unless he is emppwered to do so. Such leave must be authorized personnally by the officer authorised to grant leave. A full report should be immerdiately made on the report form WC -2 to the personnel manager.the relevent medical certificate should be annexed to this report. In this report special care should be taken to establish the following. 1. That the accident occured in the performance of the workmans normal duties and was not due to wilful negligence on his part. 2. that the acident was met with whilst actually on duty and not whilst coming to or returning from duty. 4. The officer authorised to grant leave will, after examination of the report, order whether accident leave should be allow or not. If the accident is of such nature as miht result in prolonged absence or permanent total, or permanent total, or permanent partial disablement or death, the officer authorised to grant leave should hold an inquiry on the subject or delegate an appropriate officer to do so before making an order. 5. Q form to be filled for cases reqiring over 7 days accident leave allowable. In addition form Q should e perfected by the officer in charge in duplicate and disposed of as follows; 1. One copy to the commisioner workmans compensation, Lower Lake Road, Colombo 3. 2. One copy to the personnel manager. 3. One copy to the appropriate fill in the work place. The form Q should be perfect and issued immerdiately in the case of severe injury which at first sight would indicate that 7 or more days absence from work will arise. In the case of minor injuries where there is no reasonable expectation tht as a result absence from work will exceed 7 days form Q need not be filled. If, however, on the 7 th day it transpires that the absence from work is likely to continue the formshould be perfected and issued with the period of 14 days from the date on which the injury was sustained. 6. Period of accident leave allowable. An employee absenting himself from duty as a result of injury sustained by him in an accident met with in the performance of his duties without hisown fault and in the circumstances specially attributable to the nature of his duties may be granted accident leave provided the medical officer recognized by the Board certifies that his absence is for the medical treatment of the particular injury, or injuries sustained. Accidente leave for a period exceeding 2 weeks will be granted only with the prior section of the
personnel manager and exceeding 4 weeks only with the prior section of the general manager. In those cases where Lump sum payment is made on the death, or disablement of the injured employee the value of the any accident leave taken earlier for the same injury for which lump sum payment had been made, will be deducted from the mount of lum sum award. 7. All cases of death and disablement, the personnel manager should be consulted. The personnel manager should be derectly consulted by the officer-in-charge of work place if the injury sustained by the employee results in death, permanent total disablement (permenatly unfit for futher employment in an capacity) or permenant partial disablement (loss of a finges,eye of limb ect.) this should be followed by the usual accident report. The report should accompany the statements made by the witnesses and other documents which may be useful in this regard. 8. Correspondence with the commissioer of workmens compensation It is requested that apart from sending form Q mentioned in para 5 above, no communication should be entered into with the commissioner of workmans compensation expect through the personnel manager. 9. Agrement of the employee No agreement what ever should be made with the employee for payment of lump sum compensation or other consideration for any disablement sustained by an employee in the course of his duties. All such matters should be referred exclusively to the personnel manager. 10. Persons eligible for workmens compensation. Employees who qualify for workmans compensation are those employees in the motor transport, abd Dock harbour nad Port transport engineering trades, such as drivers, porters, cleaners, time-keepers, engineering machanics, sailors ect., whose remuneration does not exceed Rs.400 per month. A person employed casually for work not connected with the business of the corporation does not qualify for such compensation. However, in all cases of doubt the officer-in-charge should consul the personnel manager. In the case of payment or temporary monthly paid employees of the corporation accident report sholud be furnished in respect of accidents, irrespective of whether they are entitled to compensation of not.
11. Acceptence of medical of certificates for accident leave. The employees will be liberty to avail of the benifits provided under the corporation medical scheme, in case of injuries due to accidents whilst on duty. In all cases where clarification of the instuctions is required, officers are requested to consuly the personnel manager at the Head Office.
Injury
permanent and incurable paralysis of the limbs or injuries resulting in being permanently bedridden. permanent incurable loss of mental capacity resultiong in total incapacity to work or any other injury causing permanent total incapacity to work Eye Injuries I. Total loss of sight in both eyes II. Total loss of siht in one eye III. Pertial loss of siht in one eye Hearing Injuries I. Total loss of hearing II. Total loss of hearing in one ear III. Partial loss of hearin in one ear Loss Of Speech I. Total loss of speech II. Partial loss of speech Sensory Loss I. Total loss of sences of smell and taste II. Total loss of sense of smell III. Total loss of sense of taste
100
100
100 50 25
60 30 15
75 35
50 25 25
Arm Injuries I. Loss of arm at or above elbow II. Loss of arm at or below elbow Hand Injuries I. Loss of both hands II. Loss of hand or loss of thumb and 4 fingers III. Loss of thumb (both phalanges) IV. Loss of thumb (one phalanx) V. Loss of four fingers Loss Of Ingex Finger I. Three phalanges II. Two phalanges III. One phalanx
75 65
100 65 35 20 60
30 20 10
3.4
This research study can be identified as experiment type of research. Experiment research study tries to; grasp an understanding of the practices of safety measures. For this type of research, there is the practice of safety measures. For this type of research, there is no sufficient theory that can be used by the researcher, Also mesurment on small number of the variables. Objective of this research is explored or identify the reasons for, employees are not following safety measures and also adherence of factory ordinance safety measures. So this research considers all these unique characteristics belong to the exploratory type. It can be justified as this research is exploratory research.
3.4.2 Time of the research study According to Opatha (2003) explain time horizon may be cross sectional one shot where data collection is done ones or over a period of several days/weeks/months. According to that introduction it was a cross sectional method used for this data collection purpose. About one month period devoted to collect data from workers in Ceylon petroleum storage terminals limited-kolonnawa. Also in the other six months period devoted to develop the research.
3.4.3 Sample decision of framework Population of this research determined by the total number of workers who are working in Ceylon petroleum oil Installation in kolonnawa. It is about four functions which are deeply considered above the safety first. These four functions are Distribution function, Engineering function, security function, and operational function. For this research, selected two functions and which are namely distribution function and engineering function. Simple random sampling method used as it is easy to determine about the sample. A simple random sample is one in which each and every member of the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected. For this research, sample selected sample randomly. Ceylon Petroleum Oil Installation has to work about 250 workers in the distribution function. Distribution function consists of transport unit and depose unit. Also engineering function consists of engineering services and
premises services. There are 250 workers work in engineering function. The reason is selected theses two functions that deeply consider above the safety measures. Total number of workers consists in the population as Distribution function workers Engineering function workers Total workers Total number of workers consists in the sample as Distribution function workers Engineering function workers Total workers (sample) 50 50 100 250 250 500
3.4.4 Data collection methods Primary and secondary source are available to data collection purposes. Primary data means first hand data with can be obtain from observations questionnaire is also a sensible way forward if factual information is needed from a substantial number of people. As the question presentation, there are many formats. This research used to Likert scale which is obtain a measure of an attitude of some nature or a measure of an organizational characteristic. Total score provides the measure for those characteristics. Same type of questionnaires prepared to distribute among two functions which are Distribution function (Appendix A) and Engineering function (Appendix B). Prepared Questionnaires were, 1. Simple, easy to understand, not lengthy or double barreled, or leading to ambiguity or repetition. 2. All the questions are forced- choice type and used Likert scale with a five point rating. Secondary data gathered through using Petroleum Corporation own circulars, reports, documents. And specially mention about the factory ordinance and books, reports, of labor department.
3.4.5 Distributed questionnaire Questionnaires were distributed among workers in petroleum cooperation using hand over. Addressing the manager of fire and safety directed questionnaire to him and get help of him to distribute the questionnaire among petroleum workers. As well as same data can be got to the interviews in the fire and safety functions managers.
Types of respondents
population
Received questionnaires
Table 3.1 shows clearly about the size and distributed questionnaires among sample and received answer and its percentage.
3.5
There are two type of questions, such as multi choice question and open ended questions. According to Likert scale format using to construction questionnaires. List of question numbers relating to these two types can be shown as follows. Table 2
Question number
5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24, 25,26,27,28,29,30
30
3.5.2 Number of questions Questionnaires distributed among workers in Ceylon Petroleum Storage terminals Limited (CPSTL) kolonnawa with 30 question Appendix A and Appendix B and questionnaires provided for workermen in Distribution function and Engineering function. Fire and safety function manager helped to distributed questionnaires among workers.
3.5.3 The factors describe for employees not following safety conditions in the questionnaires
3.6
3.7
Summary
CHAPTER 4
DATA PRESENTATION
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
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