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Mc tiu
M
i Kin
Ki thc
h nn
3.1. Cc c tnh c bn
3.2. Mch chia cng sut hnh T
3.3. Mch Ghp
p Chia Cng
g Sut Wilkinson
3.4. ng truyn ghp nh hng
3 5 Mch ghp hn hp 900
3.5.
3.6. Mch ghp hn hp 1800
3 7 Bi tp
3.7.
Mc tiu
Nm vng cc kin thc c bn ca b chia cng sut,
b ghp nh hng v ng dng
dng.
C kh nng phn tch, thit k v khai thc tt cc phn
t ny trong lnh vc Siu cao tn
Ki thc
Kin
th nn
3.1 Cc c tnh c bn
S dng cc phn t SCT th ng CHIA hay GHP
cng sut tn hiu
B chia cng sut: chia u hoc khng u
B ghp nh hng: Chia khng u
B ghp hn hp: Chia u
Phng
Ph
php
h phn
h t
tch:
h D
Dng ma ttrn
t
tn x [S] cho
h
mng 3 ca v 4 ca.
Cc i lng c trng ca mch chia v ghp c
nh ngha.
Mch chia
Mch ghp
S11
[S ] = S 21
S31
S12
S 22
S32
S13
S 23
S33
Trong thc t,
t KHNG thit k c mng 3 ca
tho ng thi 3 tiu chun trn!!! Phi chn 2
trong 3 tiu chun
chun.
Xt cc trng hp:
Mng 3 ca khng thun nghch
nghch.
Mng 3 ca thun nghch v khng tn hao
0
[S ] = S21
S31
S12
0
S32
S13
S 23
0
S12 = S 23 = S31 = 0 ,
S 21 = S32 = S13 = 1
S12 = S 23 = S31 = 1
S 31S32
=0
*
S
S
=
0
21 23
S12 S13 = 0
2
2
S
+ S13 = 1
12
S 21 2 + S 23 2 = 1
2
2
S31 + S32 = 1
((3.1))
(3.2)
S13
S 23 = 0
*
*
S12 S13 + S 23 S33 = 0
*
*
S 23
S12 + S33
S13 = 0
2
2
S12 + S13 = 1
2
2
S12 + S 23 = 1
2
2
2
S13 + S 23 + S33 = 1
S13 = S 23
S13 = S 23
S12 = S33
S = e j
0
0
0
e j
0
S
[S ] = 12
S13
S14
S12
0
S 23
S 24
S13
S 23
0
S34
[S ] [S ]* = [U ] [S ]* [S ] = [U ]
T h 10 phng trnh c lp tuyn tnh, ta suy ra c
S14= S23= 0 ghp nh hng. T ta c:
S 2 + S 2 =1
13
12 2
2
S12 + S 24 = 1
2
2
S13 + S34 = 1
S 2 + S 2 =1
34
24
S = S 24
13
S12 = S34
S12 = S34 =
j
S13 = e
S = e j
24
j / 2
= j
S13 = S 24 = e
v ma trn c dng:
Th vo
*
S12
S13
*
S 24
S34
=0
+ = 2 n
Nu b qua 2n, ta c 2 mch nh hng thng gp
trong thc t:
- Ghp nh hng i xng
- Ghp nh hng bt i xng
[S ] =
j
0
0
j
0
0
0
j
Khi
S12 = S34 =
S13 =
S = e j =
24
v
ma trn c dng
dng:
[S ] =
S14
S 24
S34
S 2 =2
12 2
2
S13 =
2 + 2 = 1
P1
= 20 log
P3
P
H s ghp (Coupling):
2 k hiu thng
dng cho ghp nh
hng v qui c
gin cng sut
CdB = 10 log
0
Ghp hn hp 900: tn hiu ca 2 v 3
thit k bng
b
ng
ttruyn
sng
h
hoc
ng d
dn
sng. Xem hnh:
1 j 0
0 0 j
0 0 1
j 1 0
1 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 0
ng truyn Z0 c
phi hp tr khng, th:
Yin = jB +
1
1
1
+
=
Z1 Z 2 Z 0
Nu ng
g truyn
y khng
g tn hao (khng
(
g ng
g k),
)
(a)- ng dn sng E hnh T
(b)- ng dn sng H hnh T
(c)- Vi di (microstrip) hnh T
1
1
1
+
=
Z1 Z 2 Z 0
V = V1
2Z 0 / 3
2
= V1
Z 0 / 3 + 2Z 0 / 3 3
Z0 2
2Z
Z
+ 0 = Z0
3
3
Pin =
S11 = S 22 = S33 = 0
1V12
1V
2Z 0
P2 = P3 =
(1 / 2V1 )2
2Z 0
Bi tp 1 (trang 69)
1 V02 1
= Pin
2 Z1 3
P2 =
Z1 = 3Z 0 = 150
3Z 0
= 75
Z 2 =
2
Z in = Z1 // Z 2 =
75 150
= 50 = Z 0
75 + 150
V12 Pin
=
8Z 0
4
1 V02 2
= Pin
2 Z2 3
T ta c Z1 v Z2:
Z L1 = 50 // 75 =
P1 =
Z0
3
1
= V = V1
Z0 + Z0 / 3 4
2
Do mng i
xng cc ca ra phi
hp tr khng
V2 = V3 = V
0 1 1
1
[S ] = 1 0 1
2
1 1 0
Tng tr vo b chia:
Z in =
4Z
Z
Z = 0 + Z0 = 0
3
3
-
- Nu in th ca 1 l V1, ta c:
1 =
Z L1 Z1 30 150
=
= 0.666
Z L1 + Z1 30 + 150
Gii q
quyt
y vn Cch lyy ng
g ra cho cc mch
chia cng
g sut c
tn hao v phi hp tr khng ng thi ti 3 ca.
H s phn x ti ca 2:
Ph t
Phn
tch:
h
2 =
Z L 2 Z 2 37.5 75
=
= 0.333
Z L 2 + Z 2 37.5 + 75
Z = 2,
Vg 2 = Vg 3 = 2V
V2e = V3e
( )
r=2
Z2
2
=
= 1 PH tr khng!!!
Nhn t ca 2, tr khng vo: Z ine =
2
2
e
T ta c: V2 = V
Tnh V1e t phng trnh ng truyn sng:
(x=0
(x
0 ti ca 1
1, x=x /4 ti ca 2)
V ( x ) = V + e j x + e j x
Do tnh i xng:
tn hiu 2 ca vo 1, 2 c
t h th
tch
thnh
h 2 mode
d k
kch
h th
thch
h CHN v
L
Mode chn: Vg2 = Vg3 = 2 V
Mode l:
Vg2 = - Vg3 = 2 V
chng cht 2 mode vi Vg2 = 4 V v Vg3 = 0, ta tm thng s tn x
[S] ca mng.
T :
V2e = V ( / 4) = jV + (1 ) = V
+1
V1e = V (0 ) = V + (1 + ) = jV
1
2 2
=
2+ 2
V e = jV 2
1
Mode L (Odd)
Vg 2 = Vg 3 = 2V
V2o = V3o
S 23 = S32 = 0
( )
: h s phn x
ti ca 1
1+ K 2
Z 03 = Z 0
K3
Z 02 = K 2 Z 03 = Z 0 K 1 + K 2
1
R = Z0 K +
K
(Ca vo) Ca 1
(Ca ghp)
Ca 3
Ca 2
ng 1
ng 2
Ca 4
(Ca xuyn)
Di ng phng
Di chng cht
ng truyn ghp 3
dy v M hnh mng
tng ng
Mode chn:
Ce = C11 = C22
Z 0e =
LCe
L
1
=
=
Ce
Ce
vCe
Mode chn
Mode L
Z 0o =
LCo
L
1
=
=
Co
Co
vCo
Mode l
Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008
Mode chn:
I1e = I 3e , I 4e = I 2e
V1e = V3e , V4e = V2e
Mode l:
I1o = I 3o , I 4o = I 2o
V1o = V3o , V4o = V2o
T kh
Tr
khng vo
ca
1:
1
Z in =
V1
=
I1
Z ine = Z 0e
V1e
I1e
Mode chn
+ V1o
+ I1o
Z 0 + jZ 0e tan
Z 0e + jZ 0 tan
Z ino = Z 0o
Z 0 + jZ 0o tan
Z 0o + jZ 0 tan
Mode L
0 j 1 0
j 0 0 1
[S ] = 1
2 1 0 0 j
0 1 j 0
L mch th ng 4 ca
0 1
j 1 0
[S ] =
2 1 0
0 1
0
0 1
0 1
1 0
1
Phi hp tr khng ti cc ca
ca. CS a vo
ca 1 c chia u cho ca 2 v 3 lch
pha 900, khng truyn qua ca 4 (cch ly)
Nhc im: BW hp
M rng BW: dng m hnh ghp nhiu on
(T h ton
(Tnh
t rt
t phc
h tp)
t )
Bi tp (trang 69)
(a) Mch hn hp
vng (rat
(rat-race)
race)
ch to bng
ng truyn Di
hay Vi di
(b) Ch to: ng
truyn ghp tim
phi
hp
(c) Mch ghp dng
ng dn sng