Chng 3:

Mc tiu
M
i Kin
Ki thc
h nn

3.1. Cc c tnh c bn
3.2. Mch chia cng sut hnh T
3.3. Mch Ghp
p Chia Cng
g Sut Wilkinson
3.4. ng truyn ghp nh hng
3 5 Mch ghp hn hp 900
3.5.
3.6. Mch ghp hn hp 1800
3 7 Bi tp
3.7.

Mc tiu
Nm vng cc kin thc c bn ca b chia cng sut,
b ghp nh hng v ng dng
dng.
C kh nng phn tch, thit k v khai thc tt cc phn
t ny trong lnh vc Siu cao tn

Ki thc
Kin
th nn

ng truyn sng v ng dn sng

Ma trn tn x [S] ca mng N ca

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

3.1 Cc c tnh c bn
S dng cc phn t SCT th ng CHIA hay GHP
cng sut tn hiu
B chia cng sut: chia u hoc khng u
B ghp nh hng: Chia khng u
B ghp hn hp: Chia u
Phng
Ph
php
h phn
h t
tch:
h D
Dng ma ttrn
t
tn x [S] cho
h
mng 3 ca v 4 ca.
Cc i lng c trng ca mch chia v ghp c
nh ngha.

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Mng 3 ca (ghp ni hnh T)

Mch chia

Mch ghp

Ma trn tn x [S] cho mng 3 ca:

S11
[S ] = S 21
S31

S12
S 22
S32

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

S13
S 23
S33

 Nu mng 3 ca th ng th ch cha cc vt liu

ng hng mng Thun Nghch
Trnh tn hao
hao, mng 3 ca phi tha mn ng thi:
Thun nghch
Khng tn hao
Phi hp tr khng ng thi ti 3 ca

Trong thc t,
t KHNG thit k c mng 3 ca
tho ng thi 3 tiu chun trn!!! Phi chn 2
trong 3 tiu chun
chun.
Xt cc trng hp:
Mng 3 ca khng thun nghch
nghch.
Mng 3 ca thun nghch v khng tn hao

Mng 3 ca khng thun nghch Sij S ji

Tho 2 tiu chun: Khng tn hao, c phi hp tr khng
Ma
M ttrn
[S] ca
mng c
phi
hi h
hp ttr
khng
kh ttii 3 ca:

0
[S ] = S21
S31

S12
0
S32

S13
S 23
0

Mng khng tn hao

hao, th: [S ] .[S ] = [U ]
H (3.1) ch c th tho mn khi 1
trong 2 trng hp sau xy ra:
T

S12 = S 23 = S31 = 0 ,

S 21 = S32 = S13 = 1

hay S 21 = S32 = S13 = 0 ,

S12 = S 23 = S31 = 1

Sijj S jji for i j

S 31S32
=0

*
S
S
=
0
21 23

S12 S13 = 0

2
2
S
+ S13 = 1
12
S 21 2 + S 23 2 = 1

2
2
S31 + S32 = 1

((3.1))

(3.2)

(KHNG THUN NGHCH!)

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Cc ma trn [S] tho mn cc trng hp (3.2) c dng:

Mng 3 ca thun nghch, khng tn hao

Mng ch c th phi hp tr khng ng thi ti 2
ca (VD: ti ca 1 v 2)
2).
0 S12 S13
Ma trn tn x [S] c dng:
[S ] = S 21 0 S 23
S31 S32 S33
V khng tn hao:

Mng (a): S21 = S32 = S13 = 1, cc phn t khc bng Zero

CS ch c th truyn t port 1 port 2, t 2 3 v t 3 1,
theo chiu
kim ng
h,
khng th
truyn
ngc li.
Mng (b): S31 = S23 = S12 = 1,
1 cc phn t khc bng Zero
CS ch c th truyn t port 1 port 3, t 3 2 v t 2 1,
ngc chiu kim ng h, khng th truyn ngc li.
Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

S13
S 23 = 0

*
*
S12 S13 + S 23 S33 = 0

*
*

S 23
S12 + S33
S13 = 0
2
2

S12 + S13 = 1

2
2

S12 + S 23 = 1

2
2
2
S13 + S 23 + S33 = 1

S13 = S 23

S13 = S 23
S12 = S33

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Mng 4 ca (Ghp nh hng/hn hp)

Mng 3 ca thun nghch, khng tn hao, phi hp tr
khng ti ca 1 v 2 c s v [S] nh hnh bn

S = e j

0
0

[S] ca mng 4 ca thun nghch c

phi hp tr khng ti 4 ca c dng:
Nu mng khng tn hao ta c
phng trnh ca Kronecker:

0
e j

0
S
[S ] = 12
S13

S14

S12
0
S 23
S 24

S13
S 23
0
S34

[S ] [S ]* = [U ] [S ]* [S ] = [U ]
T h 10 phng trnh c lp tuyn tnh, ta suy ra c
S14= S23= 0 ghp nh hng. T ta c:
S 2 + S 2 =1
13
12 2
2
S12 + S 24 = 1

2
2
S13 + S34 = 1
S 2 + S 2 =1
34
24

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

S = S 24
13
S12 = S34

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

(1) Ghp nh hng i xng: = = /2

n gin ho: chn gc tham

kho trn 3 trong
g 4 ca:

S12 = S34 =

j
S13 = e
S = e j
24

Khi S12 = S34 =

j / 2
= j
S13 = S 24 = e

v ma trn c dng:

, : s thc; , : gc lch pha cn xc nh

Th vo

*
S12
S13

*
S 24
S34

=0

+ = 2 n
Nu b qua 2n, ta c 2 mch nh hng thng gp
trong thc t:
- Ghp nh hng i xng
- Ghp nh hng bt i xng

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

[S ] =
j

0
0
j

0
0

0
j

(2) Ghp nh hng bt i xng: = 0; =

Khi

S12 = S34 =

S13 =
S = e j =
24
v
ma trn c dng
dng:

[S ] =

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

S14
S 24
S34

Ba i lng thng dng c t mch ghp nh hng:

Thay S12 v S13 vo h pt,

pt c 2 trng hp trn u c:

S 2 =2
12 2
2
S13 =
2 + 2 = 1

P1
= 20 log
P3
P

H s nh hng (Directivity): DdB = 10 log 3 = 20 log

P4
S14
P1
H s cch ly (Isolation): I dB = 10 log = 20 log S14
P4
Ta c:
[dB]
I = D+C

H s ghp (Coupling):

Mch ghp hn hp l trng hp ring ca ghp nh hng:

2 k hiu thng
dng cho ghp nh
hng v qui c
gin cng sut

CdB = 10 log

0
Ghp hn hp 900: tn hiu ca 2 v 3

lch pha 900 ( = = /2) khi tn hiu vo

1 1
S
=
[
]
ca 1 Ghp nh hng i xng
2 j

3dB, [S] c dng:

0
0
Ghp hn hp 180 (magic-T): Tn hiu
0
ca 2 v 3 lch pha 1800 ( =0; = ) khi

tn hiu vo ca 4 Ghp nh hng [S ] = 1 1

2 1
phn i xng 3dB, [S] c dng:

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

3.2 Mch chia hnh T

B chia khng tn hao

Hnh T l mng 3 ca n gin: Chia hoc ghp CS tn hiu.

Thng
Th c

thit k bng
b
ng
ttruyn
sng
h
hoc

ng d
dn
sng. Xem hnh:

1 j 0
0 0 j
0 0 1

j 1 0
1 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 1

1 1 0

Mch hnh T khng tn hao c m hnh ho

gm 3 ng truyn sng khng tn hao nh sau:
in np tp trung (jB): trit tiu
in np k sinh do ghp ni

ng truyn Z0 c
phi hp tr khng, th:
Yin = jB +

1
1
1
+
=
Z1 Z 2 Z 0

Nu ng
g truyn
y khng
g tn hao (khng
(
g ng
g k),
)
(a)- ng dn sng E hnh T
(b)- ng dn sng H hnh T
(c)- Vi di (microstrip) hnh T

gi s B=0 v Z0 = R0 (Thun tr):

1
1
1
+
=
Z1 Z 2 Z 0

Z1 v Z2 c chn theo t l chia CS nh trc ti ca 1 v 2

V d: Z0 = 50, chia CS u th: Z1 = Z2 = 100

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

B chia tn hao (Mch chia in tr)

C tn hao Phi hp tr khng 3 ca (khng
cch ly). GS ng truyn khng tn hao

Tng tr nhn t Z0/3

V = V1

2Z 0 / 3
2
= V1
Z 0 / 3 + 2Z 0 / 3 3

Z0 2
2Z
Z
+ 0 = Z0
3
3

Pin =

S11 = S 22 = S33 = 0

1V12
1V
2Z 0

P2 = P3 =

(1 / 2V1 )2
2Z 0

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Bi tp 1 (trang 69)

3.3 B chia Wilkinson

Cng sut vo b chia:

1 V02
Pin =
2 Z0

1 V02 1
= Pin
2 Z1 3

P2 =

Z1 = 3Z 0 = 150

3Z 0
= 75
Z 2 =
2

Z in = Z1 // Z 2 =

75 150
= 50 = Z 0
75 + 150

Tr khng c phi hp !!!!!

V12 Pin
=
8Z 0
4

Nhn t Z1, tr khng ti ZL:

50 75
= 30
50 + 75
H s phn x ti ca 1:

1 V02 2
= Pin
2 Z2 3

T ta c Z1 v Z2:

Z L1 = 50 // 75 =

Cng sut ra:

P1 =

Z0
3
1
= V = V1
Z0 + Z0 / 3 4
2

- Cng sut ng vo v cc ng ra b chia l:

Do mng i
xng cc ca ra phi
hp tr khng

V2 = V3 = V

0 1 1
1
[S ] = 1 0 1
2
1 1 0

Tng tr vo b chia:

Z in =

T S 21 = S31 = S 23 = 1 / 2 v mng thun nghch

nghch, nn [S] i xng:

4Z
Z
Z = 0 + Z0 = 0
3
3
-

- Nu in th ca 1 l V1, ta c:

1 =

Z L1 Z1 30 150
=
= 0.666
Z L1 + Z1 30 + 150

Nhn t Z2, tr khng ti ZL:

50 150
Z L 2 = 50 // 150 =
= 37.5
50 +150

Gii q
quyt
y vn Cch lyy ng
g ra cho cc mch
chia cng
g sut c
tn hao v phi hp tr khng ng thi ti 3 ca.

Wilkinson c th chia u (chia 3 dB) hoc bt k; chia CS (1 vo,

2 ra) hoc ghp CS (2 vo, 1 ra).

H s phn x ti ca 2:

Chiu di mi nhnh l /4 Wilkinson ch hot ng vi 1 tn s

Ph t
Phn
tch:
h

2 =

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Z L 2 Z 2 37.5 75
=
= 0.333
Z L 2 + Z 2 37.5 + 75

1. Mch ghp: Phn tch theo mode chn-l.

2. Mch chia: chia h s K v N ng ra
Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Mode Chn (Even)

Mch ghp: Mode Chn L

n gin ho phn tch mch bng

cch chun ho cc tr
khng theo Z0,
mch c v li:

Z = 2,

Vg 2 = Vg 3 = 2V
V2e = V3e

( )

r=2

Z2
2
=
= 1 PH tr khng!!!
Nhn t ca 2, tr khng vo: Z ine =
2
2
e
T ta c: V2 = V
Tnh V1e t phng trnh ng truyn sng:
(x=0
(x
0 ti ca 1
1, x=x /4 ti ca 2)
V ( x ) = V + e j x + e j x

Do tnh i xng:
tn hiu 2 ca vo 1, 2 c
t h th
tch
thnh
h 2 mode
d k
kch
h th
thch
h CHN v
L
Mode chn: Vg2 = Vg3 = 2 V
Mode l:
Vg2 = - Vg3 = 2 V
chng cht 2 mode vi Vg2 = 4 V v Vg3 = 0, ta tm thng s tn x
[S] ca mng.

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

T :
V2e = V ( / 4) = jV + (1 ) = V
+1
V1e = V (0 ) = V + (1 + ) = jV
1

2 2
=

2+ 2
V e = jV 2
1

Mode L (Odd)
Vg 2 = Vg 3 = 2V
V2o = V3o

Ta d dng chng minh c ca 2 cng PHTKhng nu chn rr=2.

2.
Khi : V2o = V
and V1o = 0
Cui cng, tm tr khng vo ti ca 1 khi ca 2 v 3 c ti PHTK
2
Tng t nh mode kch thch chn,
Z2
2
o
Z
=
=
=1
ta c V2 = V3 v tr khng vo ca 1:
in
2
2
Ma trn S c thit lp:
S11 = 0
(Zin = 1 ti ca 1
S 22 = S33 = 0
Ca 2 v 3 phi hp c 2 mode
V1e + V1o
=j 2
S12 = S 21 = e
i xng (Thun nghch)
V2 + V2o
Ca 2 v 3 i xng
S13 = S31 = j 2
Ngn
mch hay h mch 2 phn

S 23 = S32 = 0

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

( )

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

: h s phn x
ti ca 1

Mch chia Wilkinson h s K v N ng ra

P
Mch chia khng u
dng vi di vi h s
K = 3
P2
K: t s cng sut gia ca 2 v 3
Thng
Th s
mch
h
c xc
nh:
h

3.4 ng truyn ghp nh hng

1+ K 2
Z 03 = Z 0
K3
Z 02 = K 2 Z 03 = Z 0 K 1 + K 2
1

R = Z0 K +
K

(Ca vo) Ca 1

(Ca ghp)
Ca 3

Ca 2

ng 1

ng 2

Ca 4

(Ca xuyn)

(Ca cch ly)

H thng 2 ng truyn ghp c th xem nh mng 4 ca.

ng 1: Tn hiu tc ng; ng 2: tn hiu th ng

Mch chia cng sut

Wilkinson vi di h s K
Mch chia u
g sut N ca
cng
ra Wilkinson

Di ng phng

Tit din ca cu trc Vi di

Mch chia cng

sut
4 ca ra
s dng 3 mch
chia vi di
Wilkinson

Di chng cht

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Phn tch mch 2 ng truyn sng ghp

Thit k mch ghp ng truyn

ng truyn ghp 3
dy v M hnh mng
tng ng

Mch ghp ng truyn 1

on
(a) Hnh dng v ch nh
cc ca
(b) S
mch tng
ng

Phng php phn tch:

Mode chn l, sau p
dng nguyn l chng
cht

Mode chn:
Ce = C11 = C22

Z 0e =

LCe
L
1
=
=
Ce
Ce
vCe

Mode chn

Mode L

Co = C11 + 2C12 = C22 + 2C12

Z 0o =

LCo
L
1
=
=
Co
Co
vCo

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Mode l
Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Mode chn:
I1e = I 3e , I 4e = I 2e
V1e = V3e , V4e = V2e

Mode l:

ng truyn ghp nhiu on

I1o = I 3o , I 4o = I 2o
V1o = V3o , V4o = V2o

T kh
Tr
khng vo
ca
1:
1
Z in =

V1
=
I1

Z ine = Z 0e

V1e
I1e

M rng bng thng mch ghp ng truyn.

Ghp N on l
l, chiu di mi on /4

Mode chn

+ V1o
+ I1o

Z 0 + jZ 0e tan
Z 0e + jZ 0 tan

Z ino = Z 0o

Z 0 + jZ 0o tan
Z 0o + jZ 0 tan

Vi: = d = (2f/v)d = (2/)d;

- h s pha, d chiu di on truyn

Mode L

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

3.5 Mch ghp hn hp 900

3.6 Mch ghp hn hp 1800

L mch ghp nh hng 3dB c 4 ca

Ch to bng cng ngh ng truyn Di hay Vi Di:

0 j 1 0
j 0 0 1

[S ] = 1
2 1 0 0 j

0 1 j 0

L mch th ng 4 ca

0 1

j 1 0
[S ] =
2 1 0

0 1

0
0 1
0 1

1 0
1

Mch Chia: tn hiu vo ca 1

c chia u
cho ca 2 v 3
cng pha, ca 4 cch ly. Tn
hiu vo ca 4 c chia u
cho ca 2 v 3 lch pha 1800,
ca 1 cch ly.
Mch Ghp: 2 tn hiu vo
ca 2 v 3, tng 2 tn hiu ra
ca 1, hiu 2 tn hiu ra ca
4 Ca 1: Tng; Ca 4: Hiu
4.

Phi hp tr khng ti cc ca
ca. CS a vo
ca 1 c chia u cho ca 2 v 3 lch
pha 900, khng truyn qua ca 4 (cch ly)
Nhc im: BW hp
M rng BW: dng m hnh ghp nhiu on
(T h ton
(Tnh
t rt
t phc
h tp)
t )

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Bi tp (trang 69)
(a) Mch hn hp
vng (rat
(rat-race)
race)
ch to bng
ng truyn Di
hay Vi di
(b) Ch to: ng
truyn ghp tim
phi
hp
(c) Mch ghp dng
ng dn sng

Bi 2: Thit k mch ghp hn hp 900 vi cc ng

nhnh c tr khng c tnh 50
50. Thnh lp ma trn tn
x [S] trong di tn 0.5f0 n 1.5f0 (f0 l tn s thit k)
Bi 3: Cho mch ghp ng truyn di (stripline)
(stripline), vi
W>>S v W>>b sao cho trng in t tn ra ngoi
bin c th b q
qua. Xc nh
tr khng
g c
tnh mode
chn v l.
Bi 5: Thit k mch chia cng sut hnh T, tr khng
c tnh chun 75 , h s chia cng sut 2:1, tn s
trung tm l gia di tn UHF.

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008

Chng 3, TH385 - ThS. Nguyn Ha Duy Khang - 1/2008