You are on page 1of 13

IrnHPCKO-APXAJCKH

rpOEOBH 113 OKOnI1HE illTHIIA

npeJilCTOpJiljCKJilM rp060BJilMa no,n; xyMKaMa' H3 CJIJilBa EperaJIHHu:e rOBopeHO je ,n;o ca,n;a y BIlIlIe MaXOBa. Haj60Jbe je HCTpa>KeHa rpyrra HeK:porrOJIa H je,n;HHa<iHHX XYMKH H3 OKOJIHHe lliTHrra1. HajBeha HeHponona OBe rpyrre je "rOpHO rrOJIe" HO,n;ceJIa KapaopMaH; H>eH Kpahi1 onJilC ,n;aT je Beh parlJilje2. ITpy>Ka ce y ,n;Ba ynope,n;Ha rtojaca, rrpaBl(a C3-JM, HOjH cy 6JIH3y je,n;aH Y3 ,n;pyrH, je,n;Ba rrpHMeTHO pa3,n;BojeHH je,n;HOM rrJIHTKOM yBaJIOM. 3a ceBepOHCTOGHH, MalhH' geo Beh je paHHje rrocrojaJIO HH,n;Hl(Hja,n;a je HelIITO MJIaIjH og OCTaJIOr ,n;eJIa HeKpOrrOJIe3. ITPHJlIn<OM Hp~lelha OBor 3eMJbHIllTa 3a caljeH,e rrJIal{Ta>I{}lOr BHHorpaga, I{aga je rrpepHJbaHa l(eJIa HeKpOnOJIa, paCHorraHa oje HpajeM 1958 ro,n;. H je,n;Ha HBa,n;paTHa orpaga HeHor He06HGHOr 06 jeKTa y cpegHIllTy OBor geJIa. aBy orpagy, BeJll1GHHe 8.20 x 8040 M, CaLIHH>aBaJIH cy rrpaBHJlI-IO 06paljeI-IH TecaH!1l(Jil og 3eJIeI-IOr rrelllLIapa, ge6JbHHe 25-30 cm, IllHpHHe 40-55 cm, gY>I{HHe ,n;o 95 cm. CTajaJIH cy HacaTHI~e, npaBHJIHO YKJIOrrJbeI-IH jegaH go gpyror, a yraoHH HaMeHOBH 6JilJIJil cy ,n;e6JbH H MacHBHHjH. M3BaljeI-I0 HX je yHynHo 45-48 Ko~mga; caga HX je BehHHa Y3JilgaHa y jegI-lY 06JIH>I<lhY nOMohHy 3rpagy rrOJbOnpHBpegHor g06pa. Elmrra My3eja H3 IlITHna4 H3BeJIa je 3aIllTHTI-I0 HCI{O0

rpo6 I. KBa.qpaTI-lOr je 06mma, HelllTO pa3BY<ieI-lOr y pOM6, gHMeH3Jilja 4,60 X 5 m. YHorraH je y 3gpaBHl(y H Ay60K npoceLlHo 1.10 m; TOJIHI{O HaHMe Jil3HOCI-l BJilCHHa 3HAa I{OjJilM je 03HgaH rp06. OBa; ce cacTojJil og HpyrrHor KaMeH>a, I{oje je CJIaraHO ca npHJIJil<iHOM BeIllTJilI-lOM (rroBe3aHO je 6HJIO 6JIaTOM?). ,I!;e6JbHHa 3Hga BapHpa H3Meljy 0.70-1. 30 m., TaI<O ga yHyTap lhera OCTaje rrJIHT!{a rp06Ha ja~m, BeJIH<iHHe 2.90x3 m (B. CJI. 4-8). ,I!;HO jaMe je og Ha6HjeHe rJIHHe; y cpe,n;JilIllH>eM ,n;eJIy, rrpeI<O rJIJilHe je rrpOCTpT H TaHaK CJIoj CJilTImr IllJbyHKa a Ha H>eMy je ca nap KpyrrHI1X HaMeHOBa rpy60 OHBHGeH npoCTop Ha I{O;eM cy JIe}KaJIJil OCTaU:H CnaJbeHOr rrOHO;HJilHa.
ITpeHo caXpaH>elmra Hao H y u:eJIy rp06Hy jaMy I-Ia6au:aHo je CHTHJilje H l<pyITlmje HaMelhe, Jil3MelllaHO ca npJilJIJil<iHOM HOJIJilLlJilHOM rapH H H>JilMe nonylheHa u:eJIa rp06HHI~a. OBO HaMeHO "je3rpo" nOTrryI-lO ce yTanaJIO y 3Jilg rp06a, HO na>I<JbJilBJilM HOrraH>eM MOrJIO ce OgBOjJilTJil og H>era, jep je "je3rpo" HelllTO paCTpeCJilTJilje Jil yrJIaBHOM og HaMelha MaIhHX gJilMeH3Hja (B. CJI. 1, 2). 01<0 rp060Ba, y BHCHHH IherOBe rOplbe rroBpIllHHe, nogHrHyTa je orpa,n;a og rpy60 TeCaIIOr HaMelha (neIllGap), IllJilpJilHe rrpoce~IHo 0.20 m, BJilCHHe 0.35 m, Hoja y 06JIJilHy l<BagpaTa 06yxBaTa u:eo rp06 H geo rrpocTopa OKO Ihera. Orpaga HJilje OTKonaHa nOTnyHo, OT!<pHBeHa je u:eJIa caMO 3anagHa CTpaI-lJilu:a Tor KBagpaTa Jil ,n;eJIHMHGHO ceBepHa Jil HCTO<iHa; nOJIO}Haj <ieTBpTe (jy)J(J-Je) MO)J<e ca1'l1O ga ce rrpeTrrOCTaBH. OBHM orpagrlH~{ 3JilgOM 06YXBaheH je npoCTOp BeJIJil<iJilHe 8AOx8.80 m; rp06 je npH6JIJil)KHO y lberOBOM u:eHTpy H npOCTOp H3Meljy orpage Jil rp06a OCTao je JilcrrpBa npa3aH. Y3 CnOJbHY cTpaHy orpagHor 3Hga HaCJilrra ce r:?jac og CJilTl-lOr JIOMJberlOr HaMeHa HeHa BpCTa ,,6aHHa 3a }HpTBOBalhe, KaHO je TO yTBpljeHo ,n;Y}K3anagHor, ceBepHor H HCTOGHOr 3Jilga. ITojac je IllJilpOH go 2 m, Jil HacYT je y BHCJilHJil nogHO>I<ja orpagHor 3Jilga. ,I!;oCTa je HejacHa Jil npHJIH<iHO He06Jil<iHa ,,)KpTBeHa" I{OHcTpyHl(Hja Hoja nOHpHBa rrOBpIllHHY Hag 3arragHoM rrOJIOBHHOM rp06a go orpagImr 3Hga. HenpaBHJIHOr je 06JIJilHa, gHnlyTa nOCJIe norpe6a, H3rJIega <iaI{ y H3BeCHOM BpeMeHCKOM pa3MaKY, y Be3H pHTyaJIa }KpTBOBaH>a Hag rp060M, KaKO TO nOTBpljyjy 6pojHJil HaJIa3Jil y H>oj (B. CJI. 1).

naBaH>e Ha OBOM 06jeHTy y aBrycTy 1959. !1 TOM npHJIHI{OM je HCTpa}J{eHa nOBplllJilHa og

rogJilI-Ie, 230 m2.

ITpaTehH pOB HOjJil je OCTao nOCJIe Bal:)eH>a Tecamm3 Jil3 HaBegeHe orpa.qe, 3ana)J{eHO je ga ce nOBplllHHa ca myToM npOCTJilpe Jil yHyTap HBagpaTa orpa,n;e H OI{O H>e. Ta ce CHTyaU:Jilja npo,n;y>I{3BaJIa ,n;aJbe Ha HCTOH H 3anOLIeTH ceHTOp npOIllHpeH je Ha Ty CTpaHY; 36yH>HBaO je HapOLmTO caCTaB IIIYTa - BeJIJilHa HOJIJil<iJilHarapH H MHoro HepaMHHe, H3MelllaHH ca CJilTHO JIOMJbeHJilM TIJIO<iaCTHM Hpe<iH>aHOM. CKJil.qaH>eM ropH>er CJIoja lllyTa nOGeJIe cy ga ce jaBJbajy Hey06JilGajeHe HaMeHe HOHCTpyHl(Hje, CBaI{H~{ OT!{OrrOM yBeH ,n;pYH<iHjer pacnopega I{aMeH>a Hoje 6pOjHO orra,n;a. Ha Hpajy ce rrojaBJbY;y rp06He HOHCTpyHl(Hje Kao OCHOBa TJilX Ha,n;rpagH>H (B. CJI. 1 H 3).
BeHeAHl<OB, Yr., Pa3KouKll U UPOY'18a1ba, EapraJ1a I (Coqmja 1948), 88 H A; raparuamlH, M. H Apxeoll. llcKoua8alUa Y cellY PaoalUY, ua 1l0KalllltUeUty "KpIl611 oOIl" , 360PHHI{ Ha IlITHnCKHOT Mysej, I (IliTIm 1959), 9-66; Apxeoll. 6elleu'Ke ca peKomoc'!upaH,a y HctU. MaKeooHujll, (y HCTOM S60pHHKy), 67 H A.; MHI<YJ1LmR, Yr., H38e,utUaj ca UP061l0l uCKoiia8alUa xalllUtU. 1leKpOliOlle KOOc. ](apaopMall, (HCTH S60pHHI<), 95.H A.; 'MorHJ1H OA "OpJ10Ba qYKa'.' I<aj C. KapaopMaH, 360PHHI< II (IliTHrr 1961), 47 H A.
1

'u.,

MHl<YJ1QHR,

Yr., H38elUzUaj, 360PHHK

I (Ilium

1959), 95,

MHI<YJ1LlHR, AHpeI<TOp Myseja, B. CaHeB, CTYAeHT apXe0J10rHje H A. ApHaYAoB, rrperrapaTop Myseja OBOM rrpHJ1HKOM jOIli jeAHoM ce SaXBaJbyjeM QJ1aHOBJlMa eI<Hne sa YI<aSaHy rroMoR H SaJ1aralbe TOKOM HCI<OnaBBIba.

Ibid., 99. Y CTaJ1HOM cacTaBy eKHrre:

Yr.

r po6 2. 3anagHo og rp06a 1, o,n;Max go H>era, nogJilrHyTa je CHOpO JilgeHTH<iHa rp06Ha KOHcTpyHl(Jilja, rp06 2. YHonaH je HCTO y 3gpaBHl(y, ImagpaTHo-Hpy)J{J{or o 6JIHl<a , A.HMeH3Hja 4.40 X 4.50 m. 3Jil,n;OBJil cy My TaI{olje og I{pynHor HaMeH>a, IllHPOIHI ,n;o 1.20 m, BJilCOHH go 1.10 m. ,I!;HO je og Ha6fljeHe rJIliHe a y cpegJilHJil, rge cy

JIemaJII1 OCTa~11 CnaJbeIwra, Ha6a~aH je CJIO; Cl1nIOr IllJbYHl{a. To MeCTO orpaljeI-IO je ca HeKOJII1KO orpoMI-mx KaMeHOBa, OA I<ojl1X ABa I1Majy npeI{O 1 M. Y rrpeQHI1I<Y 11 Te}I{I1HY OA 500-600 Hr. (B. CJI. 3; CJI. 7). IJ,eJIa rpo6Ha jaMa I1crrYlbeHa je CllTHlljllM II HpymIlljH1\1 KaMelbeM. OKO rpo6a nOAl1rI-IyT je TaKolje OrpaAI-Ill 311A OA Tecamma, KOjll cy MHoro Bell.H H AaJIeKO JIemue o6paljeI-Ill OA OHHX OHO rpo6a 1. To je yCTBapll OHa KBaApanla orpaAa, pa30paHa y jeceH 1958 r. CaM rpo6 CMeIllTeH je y 3arraAI-lOM AeJIy OBor orpaljeHor rrpocTopa. Y3 crrOJbI-lY CTpaHy orpaAe HacyT je OA CHTHHjer HM1elba ,,6aHaK" ; I-1apOQHTO je JIerro rpaljeI-l Aeo Y3 3aITaAI-I11 3HA (B. CJI. 9), AOK je Aeo Y3 jymHH 3HA AeJIHMWIHO YI-lHIllTeH rrOJbOrrpHBpeAHHM paAoBHMa.

IJ,eJIa OBa rpo6Ha HOHCTpyHl:(Hja je Ha HeIllTO BHIlleM HHBOy OA rpo6a 1, Ha '-Illje je AeJIOBe QaK H HaCeJIa CBOjHM HCTOQHI1M KpajeM. Kafi1eH11 rrojac (,,6aHaK") Y3 I1CTO'-IHI1 orpaAHI1 311A rpo6a 2 rrpOlill1pyje ce AaJbe Ha HCTOI( Y Bell. crroMeHyTy ,,}I{pTBeHy" HOI-ICTPY~l1jy Koja rrOI{pHBa 3arraAHy nOJIOBI-IHY I{OHCTpYI~Hje rpo6a 1. MO)l{Aa je HCTa cJ!Y}KHJIa H Hao. CrraJII1IUTe rroKojHllI<a H3 rpo6a 2? Ha ITpOCTOpy OBe ABe I<BaApaTHe KOHcTpyHl:(l1je yI{OrraBajy ce BpeMeHoM jOIll 4 rpo6a. YHyTap orpaAHor 3HAa rpo6a 2, Y3 caMy ceHBlll\Y rpo6Hlll\e, rpaljeH je rpo6 3. YKorraH je OKO 0_50 III rrJIllll.e OA AHa rpo6a 2, BeoMa je npocTe HOHCTpyI{~llje II ITpoc-ro je cpaCTao ca rrpeTxoAHllM. BepHy

rpo6 3.

2.40

If3AymeHor je II HenpaBHJIHOr 06JIllKa, X 1.20 III, oplljeHTllcaH y ITpaB~y CCIf-JJ3

AHl\leH3Hja (B. CJI. 3).

L--

-----l

grob

;;

3--"T::-CSl:~'-\--' -._- --;::-':2?~

. ....t.

__

, '-y---=-.-.-. L."""'...4 . ___ ...:_"--__ --C. ....)0

CBOjl1M jyr03ana,[\HI1M KpajeM HaCe,[\a Ha 3H,[\ rp06a 2, O,[\HOCHOna311 y I-bera. rp06 06pa3yje BeHa~ I{aMeI-baMane y ,[\0 ocpe,[\I-be BeJIl1tIHe, ,[\HO je 0,[\ cnoja peTKO Ha6a.u;aHor K3MeI-ba, npeKO .I{ojer cy pacYTI1 OCTa~11Cn3JbeHOr nOJ{ojHH!{a. CBe TO3acyTo je 3aTHMca nap HOBI1X cnojeBa CHTI-mjer I<aMeI-ba.

Y CJIO jeBHMa je,[\Ha BpX ,[\pyre (B. cn. 11). Pm<a je IIpaBoyraOJ-IOr 06n11Ha, BenHKa 2.00 xO.80 m, ,[\y60I<a,[\0 0.35 m; IIOJ{J10na~ je 0,[\ IIap cnojeBa TaHKI1XIIJIOtIa. (Ha cnl1~11 3, Ha,[\ 3H,[\OM rp06a 2, TaMI-II1jeOCeHtIeH je ,[\eo KOHCTpY~l1je rp06a 4, a I<OCHM nHH11jaMa 03HatIeH I-berOB ,[\eo KOj11 je YI{nOI-beH360r rp06a 2 no,[\ I-bI1M). BepoBaTHo TeH nOIllTO je carpaljeH oBaj rp06, nOtIHI-be H nonyI-baBaI-be ~enor npoCTopa yHyTap orp3,[\Hor 311,[\a rp06a 2; HaCTaje HOHCTPYI{~11ja0,[\ I<aMeHa, ca MHoro KepaMlme H rapH (B. cn. 8).

rpo6 5. H11 nOKojH11Ky rp06y 1 H11je 6110 YCaMJbeH; 6n113Y I-bera ce yHonaBa rp06 5. CaMO, ,[\3 611 6110 6nl1)l{11

rpo6 4. rpaljeH je I<ao H rp06 3 ca TeH,[\eH~HjoM,[\a 6y,[\e IllTO 6nH>KH nOKo;HI1KY H3 rp06a 2. 3aTo nOTnyHo Hace,[\a Ha HCTOtIHH 3H,[\ OBe rp06HI1~e H ,[\enOMce Ra,[\HOCH Ha,[\ I-bY. Opl1jeRTHcaH je, I{aO H 3H,[\ rp06HH~e no,[\ I-bHJ\'I, y np3Blty ceBep-jyr. rpaljeH je 0,[\ IlJIotIa Koje cy cnarmie

eJI.

5. rpo6 6p. 2. - yHyTpaililhocT J<Ba.Z:lPanreI<OHCTpYJ<l\Hje. Fig. 5. Tombeau N2 2 - interieur de la construction carree.

rp06y 1, rrpece~a ce KBaApaTHa orpaAa OBor rp06a Ha nonOBHHI1 ceBepHe CTpaHe. rp06 5 ce Ha TOM pa30peHOM Aeny yKonaBa y Benl1I<y Ay611I-IY- OI<O 1.80 111. HcrrOA rOpI-be rrOBpWI1He orpaAHor 3HAa rp06a 1, I<ojer je rrpeceI<UO(B. cn. 2,3).

rpo6 6. CMelliTeH je OI<O2111. ceBepHo OA orpaAHor 3HAa rp06a 1 a HCTOTOJIHI<OceBep03arraAHo OA rp06a 5 (B. cn. 3). JIeno 06pal)eHe lln04e 06pa3yjy UHCTyy 06nl1I<y CI{OPOrrpaBHnHe I<OUI<e; AHMeH3Hje OBe "ypHe" cy 0.72 x x 0.68 x 0.65 111. (Ha cn. 13 rrpHI<a3aH je oBaj rp06 nocne 4HllIheI-ba; YI<nOI-beHacy ABa 3HAa H rrOKnorra~.). CeBepHO OA rp06a 5 a CeBep0l1CT04HO OA rp06a 6 H3rJIeAa Aa ce HaJIa3Hna jOIli jeAI-ra I<BaApaTHa rp06Ha I<OHCTpYI~l1ja, Ha HelliTO Behoj Ay611Im OA npeTXOAHI1X. HaHMe, l-rajBepoBaTHl1je Aa je OTI<OrraHl1 eo orpaAHor 311Aa A 11 3arOHen-lH rrojac rrn04a AY}l{ I-berOBe jy}I<He CTpaHe

1I3AymeI-IOr je 06J111I<a, rp06Ha I{OMOpa je 1.60 x 1.10111, BHCOKaOA AHa AO TeMeHa "cBoAa" ,I!;I-IO OAA06po Ha6HjeHe rJ1lme, c]mI1OH3pamlaTo je rrJIO'IaHO; OKOI-bera ce AH}l{y3HAOBHOAI{pynHHjer

BenHI<a 0.85111. H HenoI<aMeHa,


Cll. 9. IIojac Y3 3arra):\HH 3H):\ rp06a' 6poj 2. Fig. 9. Zone remblayee Ie long du mur occidental du tom beau N2 2.

yCTBapH jyr03arraAHH yrao HOBe, Tpehe I<BaApaTHe rp06HHl~e. IIpoCTop yHYTap orpaAHor 3HAa je HerrOI<pI1BeH, 6e3 Hl{a!{BHX TparoBa, AOI<ce crrOJba npy}l{a rrojac nn04a. Mel)YTHM AOHeKJIe 36yI-byje BeJIH4Hl-Ia l1CTHX rrn04a I<ao H IlIHpHHa OBor rrojaca - Ha 3arraAHOM I<pa;y 06YXBaTa H nOI<pl1Ba ~eo rp06 6 H HaceAa Ha "HaArpaAI-bY" rp06a 5. Mon<Aa je Taj Aeo rrpl1naAao CI<norry rp06a 6 l1nl1 4aI{ 5?

CJl. 7. BeHaL\ 6noJ<oBa y rp06y 6poj 2. Fig. 7. Guirlande blocs dans Ie tom beau N2 2.

de

I<OjH ce rrOCTeneHO 3acBol)yjy, OCTaBJbajyliH rope y}l{11 OTBOp, KOjH je 3aTBopeH Ha6a~aHHM rrn04aMa. HaA CBOAOM c~ AI1}l(e HerrpaBHnHa HaArpaAI-ba OA I{pyrrHor I<ail'leI-ba, I<oje y cpeAI111II-beil'l Aeny 3aMeI-byjy AenHMH4Ho H BenHI<e rrn04e (B. cn. 12).

Cn. 10. KOHCTpYHL\Hja Ha):\ rp060M 6poj 5. - Fig. 10. Construction en pierre au-dessus du tom beau N2 5.

en.

8. KOI-ICTPYI{l\Hja0):\ HaMelba Ha):\ rp060M 6poj 2. Fig. 8. Constructions en pierres au-dessus du tombeau N2 5.

CBI1X 6 OTI<OrraHHX rp060Ba rrpHrraAanH cy CrraJbeHHM nOI<ojHH~HMa. Cl1THH OCTa~H CnaJbeHHX H Ka~HHHcaHHX I<OCTHjyHal)eHH cy y rp06y 1 - pa3acYTH yHyTap BeHua OA I<pyrnror I{aMeI-ba Ha cpeAHHH jaMe; y rp06y 3 Ha J3 I<pajy ABa HemfO Belia cPparMeHTa 6yTHe (?) I<OCTH; Y

rp06y 5 npocTpTe BHO ca.n;p)l{aBaJIH

Ha ,[(HY. OCHM KOCTHjy rp060BH H Belie HOJIl1'-1HHe rapH.

cy pe.n;o-

HeHH npHJI03H TaKo.!je Hoce TparOBe ropelba: CTaIOreHa nepJIa H 60.n;e)l{H H3 rp06a 1; cpe6pHa nJIO<IHLla, )l{eJIe3He KaHHje H ,[(BojHa HrJIa H3 rp06a 2; H3yBHjaHa 6poH3aHa )l<HqHLla H3 rp06a 4. Haj3a.n;, H KOHCTpyKLlHje TO nOTBp.!jyjy (OCHM HO.n; rp060Ba 4 H 5). Ko.n; I{Ba.n;paTHHX rp060Ba 1 H 2 TO je BeJIH<nma H 06JIHK jaMe, cpa3MepHO MaJIa .n;y6HHa, I-IenoCTojalf,e "HOBqera" HOjHM 6H TeJIO yMpJIor 6HJIO 3alllTHlieHO .n;a je 6HO caxpalbeH HeCrraJbeH. Y OBOM CJIyqa;y yMpJIH 6H o.n;MaX no nOJIaraJ-bY y jaMy 6HO npHrlf,eqeH Ka~leH.,eM, Ha6aLlaHHM 6e3 pe.n;a, HOjHM je nonYlf,eHa LleJIa jaMa. A .n;a je TeJIO noI{OjHHHa Tpe6aJIo CaqyBaTH, TO rpa.n;HTeJbHMa

ropelf,a Ha KepaMHLlH H )l{eJIe3HHM npe.n;MeTHMa, .n;e6JbHHa CJIoja, rOB ope .n;a je Ty naJbeH oralf, y Blillle HaBpaTa. MO)l'.n;a npBH nYT I{aO CnaJIHlllTa, H TO 3a rp06 1 Ha npo- . CTOPy ceBepI10 o.n; Ibera, 3a rp06 2 Ha.n; 3ana.n;HHM .n;eJIOM rp06a 1, 3a OCTaJIe rp060Be Ha HaHHa.n;HHM CJIOjeBHMa I{OjH nO!{pHBajy LleJIy oTHonaHy nOBplllHHY H 06pa3yjy 6JIary, cJIa60 H3.n;HrHyTy XyMKy. (3a CnaJbHBalf,e y caMHM rp06HHM jaMaMa HeMa 3aca.n;a HH.n;HLlHja, HanpoTHB, CBe 6H HlllJIO npoTHB Tora.)

rpo6 1. ITPHJI03H cy pa36aLlaHH no LleJlOM rp06y H JIe)l{e Ha .n;l-Iy jaMe. Ha cpe.n;HHH HCTe, Ha 3ana.n;HO~t Hpajy "BeHLla" 0,[( I{pynHor HaMelf,a, Ha.!jeHa je je,[(Ha apxajcI{a

He 6H npH<IHHI1JIO HHHaI{BY TelllHoliy, C 063HpOM Ha TPY.n; O!{O no.n;H3alf,a LleJIHX I{OHCTpyHLlHja. Haj3a.n; H npHJIOr je 6e3 pe.n;a pa36aLlaH no jaMH, HOjH 6H I<O.n; HeCnaJbeHOra 6HO yr JIaBHOM Y3 CHeJIeT.

cpe6pHa MOHeTa (CJI. 14), jy)l{HO o.n; Ibe Mal-bH )l{eJIe3HH HQ)K (CJI. 26b), a O!{O 1 m, ceBepHo o.n; HOBLla HeKOJIHI{O llHJIH6apCKHx nepJIH (je.n;Ha Bella, 06pa.!jeHa y npHBeeaI{, je.n;I-ra MaJIa qeTBpTacra H <pparMeHTH nap .n;pyniX, Hoje cy ce pacnaJIe npH OTHOnaBalf,y) (CJI. 17 a, b). Ha jOlll Belloj .n;aJbHHH JIe)l{aJIa je CTaImeI-Ia nepJIa ea O!{LlHMa H je.n;Ha MaJIa 6poH3aHa nepJIa (eJI. 18 a, b), 3aTHM npCTeH (CJI. 19), BellH HO)lil (CJI. 26a), <pparMeHT .n;BOCeHJIor 60.n;e}l{a (CJI. 24)

Ko.n; rp06a 3 3a CnaJbHBalf,e rOBopH H Hpajlba npHMHTHBHOCT rpa.n;lf,e H HenocTojalbe Ma Hor BH.n;a paHe, rp06He HOMope. ,UHMeH3Hje rp06a 6 TO TaHo.!je nOTBp.!jyjy; BemIl.fHHa npCTeI-la, Ha.!jeHor y If,e~IY, rOBopH .n;a je CnaJbeHH 6HO o.n;pacJIa oc06a_ CBe TO .n;onYffiyjy ,,)l{pTBeHe" HOHCTpYKLlHje Ha.n; rp060BHMa; orpOMHa HOJIH<IHHa rapH y IbHMa, TparOBH

11 ManH p;eo l{aHI1 ja 3a I1CTI1 (cn. 24 b), CBe op; }Kerre3a. Y rrop;Homjy ceBepHor 311p;a, Ha lberoBoj I10nOBl1HH, Ha!}eH je cppanVl.eHTOBaH Y3aH }!<,erre3HH Hom (crr. 25), a Y3 jy)l{HH 3HP; 6poH3aHH I1pCTeH ca errHrrcoup;HONl r rraBOM (cn. 19a). cDparMeHaTa CHBe KepaMHKe 6HJIO je Me!}y KaMel-heM l<ojHM je rrorrylheHa rp06Ha jaMa, P;OI( je Ha CaMO~\ p;Hy oTcyTHa.

rpo6

,--::--.

. --::/1
I

\.~. @;/'
I II

II

4. Y xprrH HaMel-ha Hap; rp060NI Ha!}eH je CI{OPO caB rrpHJIOr. OCHM y JIOMar<a op; CHBHX H rpLIl{HX crrHKaHHX Ba3a (cn. 34), H3NIe!}y p;Be rrJIoqe rrpH BpXy 6Hrra cy yrrraBJbel-1a p;Ba CHBa rrexapa H TO jep;aH y p;pyroMe (CJI. 10, 32 a, c). H OCTarrH rrpep;~\eTI1 rre}KarrH cy 6e3 pep;a y KaMelbY H rrop; lbH,'I: 6poH3aHa .cpH6yrra (CJI. 15a), p;BojHa HrJIa (y Cel{yHp;apHoj yrroTpe6H HopHlImeHa Hao qm6yrra jep;aH I{par{ je caBHjeH H HarrpaBJbel'la je "Hora") (CJI. 16a), NIaI-hH p;eo TepaKoTe (H3ry6JbeH y TOHy HCKorraBalba). Y yHyTpalill-bOCTH rp06a Ha!}eHH cy }l{eJIe3Ha c];JparMeHToBaHa aJII{a HapYI{BHl1a (crr. 21) H p;eJIOBH NIal-her HO)l{a ca p;pllll<ONI y 06rrHl{y TpHa (CJI. 26c); p;aJbe, 6e3 pep;a je 6Hrro I-la6al1aHo NIHOrO }l{HBOTHl-hCKHX H rrTHLIHjHx I<OCTHjy (rrpeNIa CTalbY I1CTHX H3rJIep;a p;a cy TO OCTaljl1 jerra, Ha6al1aHI1 OBMlO y OHBHpy pl1TyaJIa CaXpalbI1Bal-ha), Hao 11 nap c];JparNIeHaTa CI1BI1X 3p;erra, a Ha p;Hy CI1THH rrapqHhl1 Karrl1l1HHcaHHX KOCTHjy caxpar-beHora. 5. YHyTpalill-hOCT OBe l{aNIeHe HOI1He 611JIa je I1crryl-heI-Ia rapoBHToM 3eNIJbOM. Ha p;Hy je JIe}l{ao 6pOH3aHI1 npcTeH, Hp;eHTHqaH OHONIe H3 rp06a 1 (crr. 19b), OCTal111 Hel{Or Mal-her }HeJIe3HOr rrpep;NIeTa H BehH p;eo 3p;eJIe CHBe c];JaKType.

rpo6

Halla3U aall zpo6oaa . .uY}l{ rrojaca


3HP; XHrrOTeTHqHOr Tpeher HBap;paTHor

op; rrJIoqa Y3 orpap;HH rp06a (ceBepHO op;

rpo6

2. I1PI1JI0311 cy Cl(OHlWHTpI1Caml Ha Cpep;HHI1 jaMe: Ha ceBepHoM Kpajy rrpoCTopa OHBl1qeHOr BeHIJ;eM 6rroI{OBa rre)l<arra je op; BaTpe yBl1jeHa Cpe6pl-Ia TaI-ba rrJIOLIHl1a, ca rro TpH OTBopa Ha 06a Kpaja; HCTOLlHO op; lbe cpparMel-ITH P;BojHe HrJIe (crr. 16b), I-la cpep;YII-1H 6POH3ar-1a cpH6yJIa (CJI. 15d), )l{erre3He Kar-IHje 60p;ema, rp060Ba 1, 5 11 6), Hcrrop; npH6mm(H0 nope!}aHe y (crr. 33). CJIOjeBa nJIoqa Harra3HJIe cy ce p;Ba pep;a nJIHTI(e CHBe 3p;eJIe

I10jac Y3 I1CTOqHH orpap;HH 311P; rp06a 1 cap;p}l(aBaO je BHlue CHTI-IHXYJIONIaI{a c];JHHHXrpql<HX Ba3a, a Y3 3arrap;I-IH Orpap;I-lH 3HP; HCTor rp06a MI-IOro CJIyrraHHX CHBHX Ba3a, CJI. 17. HaHllT. CJI. 18. HamIT. Fig. 17. Objets de parure. Fig. 18. Objets de parure.

Hp;eI-ITHqHe OHI1Ma H3 rp06a 1 H ca TparOBHMa YKpaca y 06JIHKy ype3aI-IHX rrHl-IHja Ha rrpep;l-boj cTpaml (crr. 23a) H 40-aI{ rreprrH op; hHrrl16apa (Mel)y l-hHMa H rrap 06pal)el-IHX rrpHBecaKa) (crr. 17 a, b). Y l{aMel-hY l<ojHM je 3aTpnaI-Ia jaMa HaJIa)l{el-IO je HelilTO yJIOMaKa jep;I-Ie rpLIKe CJIHI{aHe Ba3e H op; CHBI1X rrocyp;a.

rpo6
CTujy).

3.

Be3

rrpHJIOra

(caMo

OCTal111 l(aJIl1I1HI1CaI-IHX HOHojH~\a je ,,6aHaH" 6HO MeCTHMHqHO caCBHM npeHpHBeH; Ha l-herOB01l'1 jy}l{HOM Hpajy Ha!}eHa je c];JparMel-ITOBaHa Marra c];JH6yJIa (CJI. 15b). ,,)KpTBeHa" HOHCTpyHI1Hja Hap; 3arrap;HOM rrorrOBHHONI rp05a 1 Cap;p}KaBaJIa je MHOIilTBO YJIOMaI{a CHBHX Ba3a, rrap nocyp;a rpy6e Cpal<Type H BehH 5poj }KeJIe3HHX rrpep;MeTa (OI{OBH) (CJI. 30). YHyTap orpap;Hor 3Hp;a rp06a 2 HCTO P;ONIHHHpa CHBa HepaNIHKa. Hap; jyroHCTOql-IHM yrJIOM rp05a 2 6HO je BepTHKaJIHO Yl{OnaH BehH cTy5, p;e6JbHHe 20-aK cm; 5JIH3y lbera je JIe}l{ao oBehH I{ONIap; 3eJIeHOr rrelllqapa, qYP;HO 05pa!}eH y HeKaKBy c];JHrypy. H3 !{OHCTpYHI1Hje

CJI. 19. HaI<HT. CJI. 20. HalmT. -

Fig. 19. Objets de parure. Fig. 20. Objets de parure.

Hap; aarrap;HHM HpajeM rp06a 2 HJIH Ha rrojaca ya aarrap;HH orpap;HH aHp;, rrpHJIHHOM rrOJhOrrpHBpep;mnc pap;OBa Herrocpep;HO rrpe HCKorraBalba HaopaHH cy jep;Ha 6pOHaaHa aH<ypHpaHa arrJIHHa~Hja (CJI. 22), p;eCeTaI{ rrepJIH op; CTaHJIJIeHe nacre ca OI{~HMa (CJI. 18a), cjm6yJIa (CJI. 15c) H HeHH P;Y}I<H Heop;pe~eHH npep;MeT op; CrrJhOUlTeHe p;e6Jhe 6pOI-IaaHe H<H~e, y Q6JlllI<Y p;BojHor JIyHa (CJI. 27).

Ha paBI-IOM peBepcy, y yTHCHyToIVle "quadratum incusum"-y ca OTce~leHHM yrJIOBHMa, HaJIaaH ce HOPHHTCl<H UIJIeM, oHpeHyT HCTO Ha p;eCHO. rpHBacTa 4eJIeHKa Ha UlJIeMy HaJIaaH Ha roplhY cTpaHy oCMoyraOImr rrOJha. IIOpeHJIO OBor HOB~a Tpe6a Tpa}I{HTH OIW 250 km. I-ra jyr op;aBp;e, y 06JIaCTH Xammp;HKa; TaKBH ce HOB~H rrpHrrHcy jy rpap;y AKaHTy5, aaTHM jep;HoM XHnOTeTH4HOM Tpar{O-MaKep;OHCHOM BJIap;apy, ,I(OImMocy (I1JIH ,I(oKHTeocy)G, .o;OI{ HX HeHH jour yBeI{ yBpmhyjy y "Heo.o;pe~eue 1-1OB~e l1a MaHep;ouHje"'. OP;HOC OBHX MOHeTa rpap;a AI<alna H HaBop;Hor ,I(OI<HMOCa je rrpHJIHL/I-IO HejacaH H 3acny)l{yje p;a ce MaJIO aap;p}I{HMO Ha TOMe. AKaHT rrOLIHH,e p;a I{y je 1-1OBal\ 01{0 rop;. 530 CT. e. 8 EMHTOBaHe cy p;Be OCHOBHe rpyrre HOB~a - BeJIHKe TeTpap;paXMe yrJIaBHOM ca Hapal<TepI1CTH4HOM rrpep;craBoM JIaBa HOjH KOJhe 6HHa (Ha aBepcy) H CHTHe MOHeTe, TeHmHe 060JIa P;O TeTpa060JIa, ca rrpep;CTaBOAI caMOl' 6HI<a (Hao HaUl rrpI1MepaI<).

<f/lllpz> t I

CJIHLII-IH HOBl\H 1<0BaHI1 cy H p;aJhe; <pHrypa 6HHa HJIH pa~e lberOB rrpOTOM jaBJha ce Ha paHHM HOBI~HMa MaKep;OHCHor rpap;a I1xHe 9, a TaKo~e H Ha HpyrrHI1M l'ilOHeTaMa ,I(epOHal\a, Ep;OHa, OpeCHa 11 HeKHX TpaIW-MaKep;OHCHHX rpap;OBa10; p;aJbe, 611H ca aHaI-lTOBHM ~BeToM p;OJlaaH Ha HOBa~ BJIap;ara ,I(oI<HMOcall. IIo UIJIeMy Ha peBepcy Haj6m1>He cy AKaHTy orreT MOHeTe .IJ:oKHMoca12. Taj HCTH 06JIHK llIJIeMa epehe ee 11 Ha HOBl\y ,I(epoHa~a13, OpeCKa14, rpap;a neTe15 H Kao CHM60JI Ha rrojep;HHHM npHMepl\HMa HpaJha MoeecalG. }aBJha ee 11 Ha HeKI1M "Heop;pe~eHHM MaHep;OHCHHM" HOBl\HMa, I{OjH ua aBepey Hoce npOTOM 6HKa ea ar{aHTOBHM l\BeTOM Hap; lbHM 17 HOBl\e ,I(OI<HMOea, rrOT rryHo Hp;eI-lTI14He op;rOBapajyhHMa l1a rpap;a AI<aHTa, Hap;Ba ja HOP; npBe BapHjal-ITe CaMO JIereHp;a -,I(OKHHaHap; 6HKa; BapHjaHTa 6e3 HaTrrHea Hp;eHTH4Ha je aHaHTCKHM. MYIlI'\lOB npBY BapH5 MyIllMOB, H., A",Ttwumiiie Atofleiuu fla EaJlKaflcKuja uOJlyOCiiipOB,(Coepllja 1912), 354, 6p. 5945, Ta6. LI, 1. - Head, B., Bl'itisch Museum Catalogue of Gl'eek coins, (London 1879), V, Macedonia, p. 152, No 3,4 sqq. - Babelon, E., Traite des 1'Ilonnaiesgrecques et Romaines (Paris 1907), II, 1686, 1687, PI. LIV, fig. 5. 6 Musmov, N., op. cit., 447, br. 7003, Tab. XXXVI, 1, - Head, B., HislOl'ia nummOl'lun (Oxford 1911),200. - Babelon, E. op. cir., No 1479, PI. XLVI, fig. 1,,6; 1480, 1481. - Sylloge numnWl'um gmecorum, The 1'0yal collection of coins and medals Danish National Museum, Macedonia I, 470-474. Giibler, H., Die Antiken Miinzen Nordgl'ichenlands, Bd. III (Berlin 1935), p. 145,4, PI. XXVII, 33 sqq. - Svoronos, ]. N., Nnmismatique de la Pl!onie et de la Macedoine avant ies guerres Mediques (Athenes 1913), 199; Anson, L., Numismata graeca, Greek coins types (London 1911), part II, No 783. 7 Anson, L., op. cir., II, No 794. - Sylloge, Macedonia I, PI. 11, 469. Desneux, ]., Les Tetmdmchmes d'Akanthos, Revue BeIge de Numismatique, 95 (Bruxelles 1949), p. 5 sqq. Sylloge, Macedonia I, PI. 5, no 183, 184. - Giibler, H., op. cit., II, p. 65, 8; PI. XIV, 10. '0 Babelon, E., op. cit., p_ 1168. 11 B. nan. nOA 6. 12 Ibid. 13 Babelon, op. cit., PI. XLIV, 4-9. '4 Ibid., PI. XLVIII, 3-9. 15 Ibid., PI. L, 20-21. 16 Ibid., PI. XLVI, 20. 17 Sylloge, Macedonia I, PI. 11, 469.

CD
Cn. 23. KanHje 60Ae>Ka.- Fig. 23. Gaine du poignard. Cn. 24. - <I:>parMenT 60Ae)Ka. - Fig. 24. Fragment du poignard.

0.0; rp06HHX npI1JIOra HajaaHHMJhHBHjH je HaJIaa apxajcKe Cpe6pHe MOHeTe Ha rp06a 1, npecyp;aH TaKo~e H aa npe~HaHHje p;aTOBaI-he ~eJIor HaJIaaa. To je TpH060JI, Te)l{HHe 2.40 rp., rrpe4HHHa 18 mm. (CJI. 14) Ha HeUlTO HOHBeHCHOM aBepcy rrpep;CTaBJheH je MJIap;H 6r H y rrOJIyI{JIe4eheM cTaBy, oKpeHyT Ha p;eCHO H ca rJIaBCM CBpTeHoM yHaaap;; Hap; IhHM je aHaHTOB ~BeT, rrop; IhHM HI1a op; p;eBeT apHal\a. Ya py6 MOHeTe Te4e apH4aCT BeHal\.

OApe~eHO y I nOJIOBHHy VB. CT. e.27 Haj3aAH HeI{e eMHcHje rpaAa HXHe, BpJIO 6JIHCKe JJ;OHHMOCY, HAY OI{O rOA. 500 CT. e. 28 H "HeoApe~eHH MaKe,L\OHCKH" HOB~H TOra THna Ha npeJIa3 VI y V B. CT.. e.29 H BehHI-Ia OCTaJIHX I-IaJIa3a onpaBAaBa OBO AaTOBal-be; OHH yjeAHo rroBe3yjy Hallie HaJIa3HlliTe ca HH30M APyrHx HCTOBpeMeI-lHX I-Ia nOAPyLljy EaJIKaHa H Ereje. Ho, I-la OBOMe MecTy ce I-leheMO Ay6Jbe yrrylllTaTH y Tpa}l(el-be aI-IaJIOrHja CBaI{OMe npeAMeTY, nper.neAaheMO caMO I-lajHapaKTepHcTHLlHHje. <PH6yJIe H3 rp06a 2 H I<al\1el-ba HaA rp060l\1 1, 2 H 5 npHnaAajy THny "MaJIOa3HCKHx" qm6YJIa30. IbHXOBO pacnpOCTHpal-be orpaHHLleHo je yrJIaBHOM Ha EOCHy H MaI{eAOHHjy, AOI< cy AaJbe Ha jyrOHCToK, y TpaKHjH, rpLlKoj H JOHHjH peTKe31. Y jyrOCJIOBeI-lCKOM Aeny MaKe,L\01-mje, AO caAa rr03HaTHM npHMep~H"'la H3 Tpe6eHHlliTa32; BOJIKOBa KOA IIpHJIena 33 H JJ;eMHp- I<anHje34 npHKJbyLlyje ce jOlll I-leHOJIHKO HOBHX: rro ABa npHMepKa H3 IIeTHJIena (BHCOH II) CeBepI-lO H )KHBojHa jy}l{HO OA EHTOJIe35, 3aTHM ca HeKpOnOJIe "MapKOB I<aMeH" 1<og IIITHrra (CJI. Ile)36. HalliH npHMepH cy npHJIHLlHO yrrpolliheHHX 06JIH1<a H npH6JIHlliyjy ce MHoro HaJIa3HMa H3 BOJll-<OBa, )l(HBojHa, rp060Ba 6p. 25 H 29 H3 Tpe6eI-lHIllTa37. M BehHHa 60caHCKHX HaJIa3a cy ynpowheHHX 06JIHKa H gaToBaHH il1HOrO HHllie. Me~YTHM, TO ce He 6H OgHOCHJIO nOTnyHo H Ha MaI{egoHC!{e HaJIa3e. MCTHHa, !{HTl-baCTH Tpe6eHHlliHH lIpHMep~H (rp06 8, 9, 24) HJIH OHH H3 KHe}KeBCHor rp06a y IIeTHJIeny (BHCOH II) CBaKaKO npHrragajy jOlli 1<pajy VI BeI{a gOK cy rrpHMep~H 1'13 I<apaopMaHa MOlliAa nOJIa BeKa MJIa~H; aJIH y Tpe6eHHlliTY ce 06e BapHjaHTe HaJIa3e 3ajegHo (rp060BH 24, 25 H 29 y 3ajegHI-ILlKoj Hpyn{Hoj

.~--

-- -~-

jaHTy yBplllhyje Me~y paHe MaKe,L\OHCKe I{paJbeBe18, a BapHjaI-ny 6e3 HaTIIHCa CMaTpa 3a HOBa~ rpa,L\a AKaHTa19. XH,L\ 06e BapHjaHTe (ca H 6e3 HaTnHca) npHmIcyje JJ;OKHMOCY, 3a 1<ora HHje cHrypHo ,L\a JIH je HeKH BJIa,L\ap O,L\OMaHTa, E,L\OI-Ia HJIH OpeCKa, HJIH je TO HMe HeKor TpaKO-MaKe,L\OHCKOr rmeMeHa y 06JIaCTH JJ;epOHa20. re6JIep npHnHcyje TaKoJ}e 06e BapHjaHTe HCHJbytmBo JJ;OKHMOCY, je,L\HOM TpaI<O-MaI{e,L\OI-ICI<OM,L\Hl-IaCTY, a Me~y el\lHcHjaMa rpa,L\a AI{aHTa Taj ce I-IOB~ He nojaBJbyje21. EJIHCKOCT TpH H TeTpa060JIa AHaliTa H JJ;OKHMoca je OtIHrJIe,L\Ha; HCTOBeTHOCT TelliHI-la 06e BpCTe H3rJIe,L\a ,L\a HHje 6e3 OCI-lOBa, IIITO cy npHMeTHJIH CKOpO CBH KOjH cy ce ,L\OTaHJIH OBor nHTaIba. XH,L\, 36yl-beH KaKO Te}HiHI-IOM OBHX HOBa~a TaI-<OH CBHM OCTaJIHM 06eJIe)l{jHMa, ,L\OnYlllTa ,L\a je Taj BJIa,L\ap ce,L\eo y caMOM AI{aHTy22, ,L\OHno Ea6eJIOHy HaTnHC JJ;OI<H l\lO)He 03HaLlaBaTH H Hil1e HeKor MOHeTapI-lOr MarHCTpaTa y AKaHTy23.

Y norJIe,L\y ,L\aTOBal-ba CBli ce Mal-be-BHllle CJIa)l{y. OBa BpCTa HOB~a 6e3 JIereH,L\e HOBaHa je y AKaIiTY CBaKaI<O npe ro,L\. 480 CT. e.; TOMe y np!'IJIor H,L\e IT Te)l{HHa M01-IeTa (CTapHjH, ey6ejcHH Te}HHI-ICHH CHCTeM), a 01<0 I-IaBe,L\eHe rO,L\HI-Ie nojaBJbyjy ce H npBH HaTnHCH24.
BJIa,L\aIbe 3arOHeTl-IOr JJ;01<HillOCa na,L\a TaKo~e y TO npeMe (CBOpOHOC HX ,L\aTHpa rr.pe rpLlHo-rr.epcHjC1<HX paTOBa25, MylllMOB OKO r. 500 CT. e.26, no re6JIepy rpy60

18 19 20 21 22 23
24

25 26

MyUIMOB, H., op. cit., 447, 6p. 7003, 7004. Ibid., 354, br. 5945_ Head, B., op. dt., p_ 200_ Gabler, H., op. cit., 144, 145,4,5; T. XXVII, Head, B., B. M. C., Macedonia, p. 151. Babelon, E., op. cit., p. 1174. Ibid., p. 1168. Svoronos, }., op. cit., 199 sqq. MyUIMOB, H., op. cit., 447.

33, 34.

Gabler, H., op. cit., 144. Sylloge, Macedonia I, PI. 5, No 183, 184. 2. Ibid., PI. 11, No 469. 30 BJinkenberg, Chr., Fibules (;,'eques et Orientales (Kobenhavn 1926), p. 227-230. 31 Amandry, P., Collection Helene Stathatos, Les bijoux Antiques, (Strasbourg 1953), 56 sqq. 32 IIonoBHft, ]b., KaiiiaJlOl llaJla3a U3 lIel<pouoAe 1<00 Tpe6ellUUliiia (EeorpaJ:( 1956), 40-41, T. XI, 17-21. - JIaxToB, B. - KacTenHU, J", H08U uciUpa~)fcY6afba ua HeJ(pouoJlaiua "Tpe6eJtUwwe" i95J-54, JIHXHHJ:(I (OXpHJ:( 1957), 46 H J:(. 33 bsterreichische J ahreschefte flir Archaologie, 28 (Wien 1933), 186, fig. 104. " HeKOJ1HI<Ocpe6pHHx qm6YJ1a H3 yHHUITeHHx rpo6oBa H3 .IJ:eMHp-RanHje, eaAa Y 36HPUH ApxeoJ1. MY3eja y CKonjy, nOMHlbe H J. Kop0UIeu (He/WJlUl<Ouuiiia/sa 01<0lIe1<POflOAe Tpe6ellu,uiiiy, Y r3M VIIl~ (CapajeBo 1953), 96). as M:.TepHjaJ1 Heo6jaBJbeH, H3J10>KeHy aHTH'II<OM0AeJ1elbY My3eja y E~[T\)J1H. 38 0 HCToj HeKpOnOJ1HBHJ:(HHa I<pajy paAa. 31 JIaxToB KaCTeJ1HU,op. cir., T. V, 1-3; T. XVI, 1,2.
27 28

jaM.H-rp06HH~H)38. ,I.(aJbe, cPH6yJIe H3 nHHp;Oca39 HJIH EcPe3a40 TaKO!)e cy rrpOCTHX 06JIHl<a, aJIH OHe cy yjep;Ho H HajCTapHjH P;O cap;a rr03HaTH rrpHN'.ep~H OBor nma cPH6yJIa. H3 lb!iX cy ce CBaKaKO pa3BHJIH n03HaTH KHTi-baCTH 06JIH~H, HO Ta ce eBOJIY1.\Hja HHje MOpaJIa op;BHjaTH CaJ\lO y jep;HoM rrpaB~Y. Mo}!{p;a 6[1 ce Ta pa3JIHi<a CM.eJIa 06jacHHTH npHPOP;OM ca,\wr MaTepHjaJIa op; Kora c.y H3pa!)HBaHe - 6POH3aHH npHMep1.\H cy pep;OBHO ynpowheHH, cnpoMawHHjer 06JIl1Ka n rpyOJbe H3pap;e op; cpe6pHHx. ,I.(BojHa HrJIa Be3aHa je yrJIaBHOM 3a HCTO rrop;pyqje rp;e ce cpehe H MaJIOa3HCKa cPH6yJIa; jaBJba ce y BHwe BapHjaHTH. CBaKaKo je HJIHpCKOr nOpeKJIa, rr03I-IaTa H Kao 60caHCKO-MaI<ep;OHCKH THrr Hrjm41. He jaBJba ce npe VI B. CT. e42; y H.ITHpCI<HMrp060BHMa je t.\ecTa ca cPH6y JIaMa H p;pyrHM rrpe)J;~teTHMa .H3 IV BeKa 11 KacHHje43.

3HaTHO MJIa!)e erroxe. (HaJIa3H H3 rp06a TaKo!)e rOBope p;a je HCTa KopHIJ.rti.eHa Ha-C, y ~<ojy je p;aTOBaHa).

J OBe HeKpOrrOJIe48 H I<aCHHje op; cPa3e

HajBehH 6poj rrepJIH 0)]; jaHTapa cy HerrpaBHJIHOr 06JIHI<a, MaJIe H nJbOCHaTe, np06yweHe pap;H HH3aIba; HeKOJIHI<O KOMa)];a je 06pa!)eHO y np'HBeCI<e y 06JIHI<y Ba3a. TaKBe rrpHBeCI<e, pa!)eHe op; rrJIe.MeHHTHx MeTaJIa, cpeheMO Ha BHwe MaI<e)];OHCI<HX H rpqKHX HaJIa3HlllTa: y I1eTHJIeny (BHCOH II)49, Ha Tpe6eHHlllTY (rp06 IX)50, I-Ia XaJIKH)];HI<y51, y Aprocy52. I1pHBeCU;H 0)]; jaHTapa 6JIHCI<H HawHMa, jaBJbajy ce orreT Ha Tpe6eHHwTy, y rp06y XII53; Y HaJIa3Y HCrrO)]; I1eTpoBe 1.\pI<Be I<OP; HOBor I1a3apa, nojaBJbyjy ce H rrpI-IBeCU;H op; hHJIH6apa, CJIHLIHHX 06miI<a54. HajCTapHjH rrpHBeCU;H op; hHJIH6apa, 6JIHCI<H HaWHM, jaBJbajy ce, CJIHLIHO "MaJIOa3HCI<HM" cPH6yJIaMa, HCTO y J OHHjH55. I1epJIe op; CTaI<JIeHe rraCTe ca OI<1.\HMa ce rrojaBJbyjy TaI<o!)e Ha wHpeM HJIl1pCI<OM rrop;pyLJjy. Y MaI<ep;oHHjH TO 'je Tpe6eHHWTe (rp06 30)56, 3aTIUt rp06 J Ha rroMeHyToj HeI<porrOJIH y Pa)];albH57. HajpmmjH rrpHMep1.\H OBHX rrepJIH jaBJbajy ce TaI<o!)e y JOImjH58, a TeI< y CJIep;ehHM BeKOBHMa rroCTajy qeCT HHBeHTap y HJIHpCI<HM rp060BHMa.

),

//
Ha rrop;pyqjy MaKep;oHHje rrpBH rryT je cpeheMo I<pajeM VI BeI<a na Tpe6eHHlllTy44. I1pmtepaK H3 HeI<porrOJIe KOP; 3ejTHHJIHI<a je 113 Tpehe LJeTBpTHHe V BeI<a CT. e. 45 HrJIa H3 Pap;albe KOP; llITHrra46 je rrp06JIeMaTl1LJHa y rrorJIep;y p;aTOBalba jaBJba ce y XaJIWTaTCI<OM MaTepHjaJIy VIII-VII B. CT. e. HCTHHa, Ha!)eHa je I<ao ycaMJbeHH HaJIa3 y rrp06JIeMaT11LIHOM rp06y 6p. 447, I<OjH je 3HaTHO rrJIHhe yKorraH 0)]; OCTaJIHX; Moryhe je )];a je H3 Ibid., 47. 3' Blinkemberg, Ch., Lindos, fouilles et recherches 1902-1914, I, Les petits objets, PI. 8, No 111, 112. . 40 Hogarth, G., TheArhaic A,temisia, PI. V, 45; XI, 16,22; XVII, 4, 10, II. 41 Maier, F., Zu einigen bosnisch-herzegozuischen Bronzen in Griechenland, Germania 34 (1956), 59 sqq. 42 Jaeobsthal, P., Greek Pins (Oxford 1956), 137. 43 Ibid., 44 I1onoBHIi, ]b., op. eit., 38, 39, Ta6. X, 4-6.; JIaxToB -. KaeTeJlH~, op. eit., T. B, 8-10, T. XVIII, 9. ., Jaeobsthal, P., op. eit., 137. raparnaHHH, M. H ):(., Apxeon. UCKOUa6afba c. PaoafbY, Y 360PHHK I (IllTHn 1959),43, eJl. 73. 47 Ibid., 19.
38

"- .. ', i

.:.---/

('

..... ~__

.. _.J

K E PAM

11 K A.

rpy6a I<epaMHI<a, pa!)eHa rrpocToM pyI<OM, 3acryrrJbeI-la je y Nlalboj MepH. OCHM jep;Hor 1.\eJIor cyp;a, JIoHt-IHha (cn. 30) p;I'yro cy cPparMeI-lTH, CBH THrrHqHe "xaJIUrraTcI<e" rrpOBeI-lHeH1.\Hje, H IIH Y LIeMy ce He pa3JIHKyjy 0)]; HCTHX " Ibid., eJl. 23, 27, 30, 56. 4. B. Han. 35. " I1onoBHIi, ]b., op. eit., T. VII, 13. 51 Amandry, P., op. eit., PI. XXV, 'ig. 156-158. " Ibid., PI., X, 45. 63 I1onoBHIi, ]b., op. eit., 62. T. XLiV, 6. " Heo6jaBJbeHo; MaTepHjaJly Hap. My3ejy, Eeorpa,!\. " Hogarth, G., op. eit., PI. XLVII, 'ig. 15, 16, 22, 25 . 56 JIaxToB-KaCTeJlH~,op. eit., T. XXII, 2 . " raparnamm, M. H ):(., op. eit., 15, en. 56. 8 Blinkemberg, Chr., op. eit., PI. 10, fig. 151, 152.

Hana3a ca ~eHTpanHOr II jyr03arraAHOr Aena OBe HeHponone, rAe je HCITI1TaJ1 jeAaH TY~1ynH3 HelliTO crapllje erroxe, cjJa3e Ha-C59. XpOHOJlOlliHa pa3nHHa orneAa ce, HallMe, y nocreneHOM peAY~HpatbY rpy6e HepaMHI{e (}l{HBOT rrpoAy}l{a-

0BO 06HJbe MaTepHjana, AocaAa He3acnY}HeHO 3arroCTaBJbaJlOr, Tpe6ano 6H Aa 3aY3Me cBoje rrpaBO MeCTO y pelliaBaIbY rrHTaIba CHBe HepaMHKe, TpatIHe HnH naTeI-ICHe,. Beh J{aJ{Oce rAe Ha3HBa. cDparMeHTH rptI!{e cnHHaHe !{epaMHHe cy, H3 )KanOCT,

~~~-,~_ ..~.
""

.-'
c

f} \

L.,'/

Bajy jOIli caMO BenHHe rpy6e nocYAe) Ha paYyH cjJHHecllBe, 3BOHKHX 3HAOBa H pal)eHe Ha BHTny. HaMecTo pm-lHjHx peAoBHHx npaTHna~a XaJIllrraTC!<HXrp060Ba, jeAHoyxHx J{ptIara H 3AeJIa, caAa cy Bpno yeCTH ABOyXHrreXapH-!(aJ-ITapocH, 06nHI{ !{OjH je 6e3 cyM!be rrpHxBaheH oA Jyra.

TonHKO Cl1THl1H OUITeheHl1 BaTpOM, p;a ce TeWHO ~1O}l{e l13BpllIl1TH I-bHXOBOrrpeU;l13HHje orrpeAeJbHBalbe. I1CTlltIy ce AeJIOBl1 apl16anoca, rrl1HCl1Aa,3AeJIa, OAnl1<JHecjJaJ{Type H cjajHo 60jeHH U;pHHM, MpKHM l1 pa36na}J{eHl1M MP!{Ou;pBeHl1M cjJHpHHCOM.(en. 34).

3Aene, Haj6pojmljl1 06nHI{ Kepa~uIKe, yrnaBHoM cy HOHHCJCJ1. 34. <I>pan1eHTI1 CJ1Jo\l{aHHX Ba3a. Fig. 34. Fragments des IlOr 06nHI<a, nnI1he HnI1 Ay6Jbe, HajtIellihe ca yBy<JeHHM vases peints. 060AoM KOjH crrOJba HOCH KaHenypy (cn. 33). Ha OCHOBy ca<JyBaHl1XAHa, 6poj Cl1BHX Ba3a, cnynaHHx HaA OTHOrraHl1M rp060BHMa, rrpena3HO je U;l1cjJpy 100. HEI<E AHAJIOrIiIJE rPOEOBIiIMA CA CIIAJbIiIBAIhEM Cl1Ba HepaMHKa ce jaBJba Ha CHOPO~enOM rroAPy<Jjy IiI3 KAPAOPMAHA, CA I<PAJA HJIHPCKO-APXAJCI(Or MaHeAoHHje; HajcTapl1je nocYAe KOAHac, H3 enoxe Xa D, IIEPHO,UA. jOIli cy peTKe. CpeheMO HX Hao rp06He npHnore Ha xanIlITaTCHHMHe!{pOnOnaMa Bl1COH H Capaj-BpoA !{OA BHTOJIe60, rAe CBOjHM06nl1KOM (Haj<Jellihe xHAPHje) HeocnopHO yKa3y jy I-Ia jy}HHO nope!<flo. To rroTBp1)yjy H Hana311 y rroMeHyToj HeHpOrrOnl1y PaAaIbl1 HOAlllTHrra61. Y rp<JKoM -l(OtUp-Kauuja63. TepHTopl1janHo (rra l1BpeMeHCKl1) Aeny Ma!{eAoHHje jaBJba ce jOIli paHl1je (Ha np. BapAapHaj6nl1}Ka je KapaOpMaI-IY. rp06, OTKOrraH1950 r., rpa1)eH ocjJTca HAP). je OA nOMJbeHOr KaMeHa, p;yr 3.12 m, llIl1pOK 0.90 m (?) Y cneAehoj enOCH, op; !{paja apxajCI{Or na Hp03 (IIpeMa BHCHHII HacyTor KaMeIba Ha rp06 1.95 m, H u;eo xeneHHCTH<JHl1nepHoA, CBe p;o rrpBHx BeKOBa HaIlIe 06nHKy rp06a - TyMyJI, H3rneAa p;a je umpllHa 611JIaMHoro epe nocTaje HajHapaKTepl1CTl1<Jtmje 06ene}Kje 6pOjHl1X Beha). Deo je llcrrYIbeH HaMeIbeM, Koje je 06pa30BaJIO Hl1CHY HaJIa3l111ITaumpoM MaKeAOHl1je62. XYMHY ql1TaBa rrOBpllillHa rp06He jaMe npeKpl1BeHa je OCTau;mm naJbeBl1He, KOjl1 cy Hajryrnhll
" MHKyJ1tIHR, IiI., op. cit., 95 H A. 60 MaTepHjaJ1 Y 36HPl.\H MY3eja y EHTOJ1I1;HeKOJ1HHO np,me paHa H3J10meHO y IIpeHcTop. 0AeJheIhY MY3eja. 61 rapalllaHHH, M. 11,U., op. dt., 27, 32 H A; BHAH noce6Ho CJ1. 27. G2 OBa I{epaMHHa ca 6pojHHX J1O!{aJ1HTeTa a IlOAPytIjy lllTHIlH CKor cpe3a cKynJhel1a y MY3ejy y IIITIwy, AocaAa Heo6pal)eHa (cI{ynJheHa Ao6pl1M AeJ10MOA cTpaHe aYTopa). IiICTI1je cJ1ytIaj 11y EI1TOJh-

y u;eHTpy; Ty cy

CKOMMy3ejy, ca npOCTpaHor OKOJ1HOrIloAPytIja. IIPI1J1I1KOM peHOrHOCl.\Hpalba TepeHa y cpe3Y I<yMaHoBo, OA CTpaHe ApxeoJ1. My3eja y CHonjy 1959 rOA., Y HoMe caM 11ja ytIeCTBOBao OTKpHBeHje BeRI1 6poj HaJ1a3l1lllTa ca OBOA1 epaMI1KOA1. H Taj MaTepl1jaJ1 ce caAa HaJ1a3H y CHonCHOMapXe0J10lllHOM MY3ejy. OJ BytIHOBI1R.ToAOPOBHR, ,U., rp'l/<U zpo6 ll3 j{eAtllp-](atlllje, CTapl1Ha~ H.C., IX-X (1958-59), 281-286.

Ha1)eHe H TpH nocyp;e ca neneJIOM ypHe (?), a OCTaI:(H carOpeJIHX KOCTHjy ca npHJIOrOM Ha J3 Kpajy jaMe. I10 npliJIOry (noce6HO aTHLIKH 6eJIH JIeI{J1TH) cHrypHo p;aTOBaH y II nOJIOBHHy V B. CT. e. OBaj He06HLIHii THn rp060Ba, KojH je 36YlbIiBao CKOpO CBe KojH cy ce P;O Tap;a 6aBIiJIIi nIiTaIheM IiCTHX (Ha np. Tpe6eHHlIlTe, BIiP;H .o;aJbe) Hlije Hii IiCTpa)!~HBaLIY OBor rp06a 6HO nOTnyHo jacaH; BIi.o;H 06jalillbelbe KOHCTpyI{I:(Hje rp06a H He 6alll cpeuw Ii3a6paHe aHaJIOrHje64.

HanpaBJbeHe cy caMO no npHLIalby pa.o;HIiI{a; je.o;HHO cy cKHI:(e 3a rp06 VI H Vlp2 pa1)eHe Ha TepeHy 0.0; lIIHoprrHJIa, HO H OHe cy H3rJIe.o;a HecHrypHe (BeJIHLIHHa jaMe, nOJIo}!mj nOl{ojHIiI{a Ii npHJIOra?!). KonaHH cy caMO .o;eJIIiMHLIHOrroJ( CTpyLIHHM Ha.o;30pOM H TO caMO y BepTHKaJIHOM npaBI:(y H rroTnyH Ii3rJIeA rp06He I{OHCTpyKI:(Hje HHje ce Morao carJIe.o;aTH. Hii ByJIHh.y Iflije 6HJIa nOTnyHo jaCHa cHTyaIJ;lija CBera OHor IlITO je oTI<onao; HeKe cTBapH OCTaBJba Heo(Ha np. 3H,lJ;OBH rp06ImI:(a), KO,lJ; Ii3BeCHHX - IIeUtWle11 (Bucou II) 65. rp06 CJIyLIajHo OTKpIiBeH 6jalillbeHe (Ha np . .o;liMeH3Hje rpo1954 ro.o;HHe, npHJIIiKOM pHJbalba 3eMJbIilllTa 3a BHIwrpa.o; . nO,lJ;aTaI{a caM ce6e HCnpaBJba I1OI{yllIajH ,lJ;a ce 06jacHe OBe KOHCTpyI{I:(Hje, HHje HCTpa}KeH. I1JIyr je pa3BaJIIiO Behy I{OHCTpyI{I:(Hjy H .60Ba)73 YLIHlheHH H y HOBHje BpeMe, lmcy I-IalllJlH HajcpeTHHje H3ByKao Ha nOBplllHHy BeJIIiI{H 6poj rp06HHx npHJIOra (yrJIaBHOM rp'II{H pap;). Mel)y <pparMeHTHMa KpaTepa H pemelbe 74. Ha TIIiTaIbe ,lJ;a JlH cy OBO rp060BH ca CKeJIeTHMa HJIH .o;pynix 6poH3aHHx nocy.o;a JIe}i{amI cy OCTaIJ;Ii CnaJbeHHX ca CnaJbeI-lHl\l rrOI<ojHHI:(HMa, Hlije 06pahaHa ,lJ;OBOJLHa KOCTHjy. KOHCTpYKI:(Iija rp06a Iflije OTKonaBaHa. I1peMa CaMO je BYJIHh. y je,lJ;HOM MOAleIUY C rrpaBOM H.o;eHTIiLIHHM I-IaJIa3HMa y Tpe6eHHlIlTY, OBa j rp06 H.o;e Ha na}l{lba. Ii3Heo MHIlIJbelhe ,lJ;a je rrOl{ojHIiK CrraJbeH (Ii3ropemi <ppacaM Kpaj VI B. CT. e. rMeHTH KOCTIijy y 6POH3aI-IOj LIIiIfIijIi Y rp06y X)74. Beh.uHa - Tpe6eHuutiue OCraJIHX npI1XBaTa 6e3 ,lJ;OBOJbHOr 06pa3JlO)Kelha BapI1jaHTy a) rp060BH 23, 31-33 (HcI<onaHH 1953-54 ro.o;.)66 ,lJ;a cy nOKojHHI:(1i HeCnaJbeHI1. KOHcTpyKI:(Hje rp06a 23, 32 H 33 .o;aTe cy BpJIO Y HOBl1je BpeAle 11 J. KopomeI:(, .o;OTJillyhI1 ce npocYMapHo, CKOpO 6e3 HajocHom-mjHx no.o;aTaKa; 3a rp06 6JIeMa Tpe6eHI1l1lTa, no.o;p)!{aBa MI1l1lJbeI-be .o;a nOI<ojHI1I:(I1 31 HeMa nOp;aTaI{a (Ii Ty cHTyaI:(Hja MO)!{.o;a lmje 6HJIa HajHI1CY CnaJbeHI176, Ma,lJ;a H lbera 36ylbyje He,lJ;OCTaTaK IWCTHjy, jacHHja HCTpa)!{HBaLIIiMa). CBa LIeTHpii cy ca.o;pmaBaJIa Beml'lHHa jaMe 11 pacnope,lJ; rp06HHX npIiJIOra77. Me1)yTHM, OCTaTI{e CnaJbeHHX. nojaBa LIIiTaBor HI13a I1CTOBpeMeHHX rp060Ba CnaJbeHI1X rpo6 23; JIe)!~ao je Ha .o;y6HHH 0.70 m. 0.0; nOBplllHHe. ca BeOMa 6JII1CKIiM KOHCTpyIGJ;lijaMa, ,lJ;aJbe, OTKplihe CI1llo.o; HaTpnllHHM KaMelheM JIe}l{e <pparMeHTH KepaMIiI{e, rypHor nocrojaI-ba CnaJbI1BaI-ba y CI{JIOny caMe Tpe6eHHlUKe ocraU;Ii naJbeBHHe Ii I{OMap;HhH KaJIlJ;HHHcaHHX I{OCTIijy. HeKpOnOJIe, y nOTnyHo I1CTO BpeMe H KO,lJ; rp060Ba ca I1pe.o;MeTH cy pa36au;aHii Ha nOBpllIHHH 0.0; 3 X 2 m, a CpO.o;HIiM, BeJIIiI{I1M (caMO He,lJ;OBOJbHO 06jallllbeHHM) lCOHOCTalJ;HKOCTHjy y JI1.o;eJIY, Ha nOBplI1HHH OKO 0.40 X 0.40 m. CTpyKI:(HjaMa, 3aXTeBamI 6Ii 036I1JbHO peBIi,lJ;HpaI-be .0;0rpo6 32. I1JIOLIaCTO KaMelbe Ha6au;aHo je Ha nOBpllIIiHH ca.o;aUUbHX MHlIlJbeI-ba 0 Ha'lI1Hy CaXpaI-bIiBalba KO,lJ; OBIIX 0.0; 3-3.5x4-6 m, a Ha ceBepHoM Kpajy no.o; IbHM cy KHemeBCHHX rp060Ba Ha Tpe6eHI1IlITY OCTaI:(H CnaJbeHIiX KOCTHjy.

rpo6 33. MaJIa rpyna KaMelba, .o;y6IiHIi 0.0; 1-1.50 m. npe.o;cTaBJba rpo6
HanOMeHa

npeLIHHKa OKO 1 m, Ha rp06 CnaJbeHor. caMO

2. C p 6

II

j a

31. I1o,lJ;aI:(1i 0 KOHCTpyI{I:(IijIi He.o;oCTajy, .o;a je H TO rp06 ca CnaJbIiBaIheM.

I1peMa HaJIa3HMa y IbHMa, ayTopH HX CTaBJbajy Ha I{pa j VI B. CT. e. HaBe.o;eHa 4 rp06a cna.o;aJIa 6H npeMa rp06HHM HaJla3HMa y rpyny "clipoMaIlIHIix" rp060Ba, HO THMe HAl Bpe.o;HOCT Hlije yMalbeHa, jep Hep;Boj6eHo nOTBp1)yjy rrojaBy CnaJbIiBaI-ba Ha Tpe6eHlilI1Koj HeKpOnOJlIi Ii rrocTojalbe Hey06wIajeHo BeJlIiKIiX (Ii MaJIIiX) KOHcTpyI{I:(lija. 6) KHe)!{eBC!m rp060BH (I-XIII).

- KapawLt (KO,lJ; Koc. MiiTpoBIiI:(e)78. HeKpOnOJly, oTKpIIBeHy 1960 ro.o;., caLIIIlb8Bajy rp060BH Beh.Hx AHMeH3Hja, npaBoyraoHHx Ii eJIIInCOI1AHHX 06JIII!{a, HcnYlbeHii KaMelbeM, Me1)y !<ojHM cy Ha1)eHH npHJI03H H OCTaU;H cnaJbeHI1X KOCTIIjy nOl{ojHI1I{a. Ca Kpaja apxajcI<or nepHOAa.

- AiueltUl/a (!w.o; LIaclKa) 79. OT!WnaHH KHe}KeBC!{Il rp060BH rpal)eHH cy 0.0; KaMelba, Kpy}HHOr (TOJIOIIAHor) 06JIIIHa, BeJIHKHX .o;I1MeH31ija; I1CnYlheHII cy KaMelbeM y HojeM cy Ha1)eHH npHJI03H (Mt;1)y lbHMa H rpLIKH HMnopT) H OCTaTJ;HCnaJbeI-IIiX nOl{ojHI1Ha. OBe HaMeHe I{OHCTpyHI:(Hje I1 OBIi rp060BH cy npocTpaHe jaMe, Hey06wIajeHHx je,lJ;aH eJIeMeHT CBa.o;HMeH3Hja. rp060BIi I rpyrre (6p. I-VIII) BeJIHKIi cy nO!{pHBeHe cy 3eMJbaHHM xyMKaMa KaI{O H3 ayToxToHor, cTaplijer HaLII1Ha CaXpalbI1Bai-ba, KOjI1 4.80-5.20 x 2-3 m; OCTaJIIi cy TaI{o1)e Bemnmx pa3Mepa ce 3a.o;p)l{aO H oBAe. I1peAla HaJIa3HMa .o;aToBaHI1 cy npeA (rp06 X: 3.lOx4.20; rp06 XIII: 3.75x1.60m)67. I10 caxpalbHBalbY, jaMe cy HcnylbeHe KaMelbeM. II3rJIe.o;a .o;a Kpa; VI B. CT. e. cy, CJlWlHO rp060BHMa 1i3 KapaopMaHa, ,lJ,eMHp I{arrIije H .o;p., 6liJIe HCTO 06JIO}!{eHe KaMeHIiM 31i.o;OM (rp06 3. A JI 6 a H H j a VIIIG8, X 69). - Y .o;OJIIIHH MaTeBO OT!{pHBeHII cy HJIHPC!{11 rp060BH I10.o;aI:(H 0 IiCKonaBalbHMa H 3ana}Kalba CTpYLIlbaKa Ha JIHIJ;y MeCTa cyBHllIe cy HecHrypHa Ii HerroTnyHa. Ca TIiMe CJII1LIHIIX ImMeHI1X KOHCl'pyK1J;Hja, Beh.I1X ,lJ;I1MeI-!3Hja, ca he ce CJIO)!{J1TIi CBaI<O KO ce .o;OTaKHe OBIiX np06JIeMa 70. OCTaI:(HAlaCnaJbeHHX nOKO jHIiHa; AaTOBaHII Ha Epa j apxaj c!wr I13BelllTajy <PHJIOBa H ByJIHha ce He nOlwarrajy !{ao lIlTO nepHO,lJ;a. ce He nOl<JIanajy HH CKIiIJ;e rp060Ba, I<oje P;OHOCH <PHJIOB, 72 Ibid., CJI. 8, 9. ca H3BelllTajHMa Koje .o;aje BYJIHh71 CKHI:(e <PHJIOBa ,:1 ynopeAu CnoM., LXXVI (1933),4 H Jl.. H LXXVlI (1934), 87 H A. 74 TaHo Ha np. I{opoIlleI~, J., op. cit., 93. 64 Ibid., 282. 75 CnoM. LXXVI, 25 H A; LXXVII, 89. 65 Heo6jaBJbeI-IO; npeMa nOAaI.:\HMa II. Maqlmha, AHpeI{TOpa 76 I{opomel1, J., op. cit., 94. My3eja y EHTOJIH, 3aHoje My ce HajJIenme 3aXBaJbyjeM. 77 Ibid., 92. 66 JIaxToB-I{acTeJIHI.:\,op. cit., 16, 17,45; nJIaH II, cOHAa "U". 7B CpejoBHh, .JJ:., llpauauopuCI<a lJel(pofwlIa y Jf,Ofboj EplbU1/U, 67 ByJIHh, H., CrroMeHHH LXXVII (1934), 87. rJIaCHHH My3eja AKMO, IV-V (1959-60), 105. 68 Ibid., 88. " T~YHHUh, M., J[/lUpCl<e XYAfKe Y AUteHuLju CY:aLlaH1960), 69 Ibid., 87. 80 S. Islami, K. Ceka, F. Prendi. S. Anamali, Zbulime te '0 KopomeI.:\, J., op. cit., 93. huhures ilire ne Luginen e Malit, Buletin per shkencat shoquerore 1, 71 Filov, B., Die m'chaische Nehropole von Tl'ebenischte am (Tirane 1955), 110-135. OcMida-See, (Berlin-Leipzig, 1927), sl. 3-7.

EpmlU'1eao81 rp06 je rro 06mmy BeOMa CJIHy:aH KBagpaTHHM rp060BHMa (l H 2) H3 KapaopMaHa; 3HgaH je og l{aMeHa, ge6J:bHX 3HgoBa, npaBoyraoHor 06JIHKa 3a caAa je MO}KJ\a jow cymlwe paHO nOKywaBaTH (BeJIHY:HHe 4.68-4.35 x 2.70-3 m), HcrrylbeH TaHo~e HaAa ce Hal)e nopeKflo OBOj nojaB11 y OBO BpeMe II Ha OBOMe MelheM (rro ayTopy TO je ypyweHH CBOg rp06mll(e). ITo rrpOCTOpy. HnaK, rroKylliaheMo Kao pagHy npeTnocTaBKy rp06y cy rrpoCTpTH rp06HH rrpHJI03H, a OCT3l(H CnaJ:beHHX jeAl-1Y MoI'yhHocT rrohH og Hgeje 0 CnaJbl1BalbY Kao HOCTHjy cHyrrJ:bel-IH Ha jegHoM Hpajy. KaM.eHa HOHCTpyHl(Hja eJIeMeHTa HOjll HHje yBeI< OApe~eH XpOHOJIOllII<HM MOrrOHpHBeHa je BeJIHHOM 3eMJ:baHOM XyMHOM, CJIIilY:HOHaBeMeHTOIVlHllTll ce llI11pllO llCKJbYl.JHBO nyTeM ~mrpal(l1je 11JIll geHHM rp060BHMa H3 ATeHHl(e HOg LIaY:Ha. ITpeMa HaJIayTIIl(aja, ,Beh l{aO peJ\OBHa nojaBa, Be3aHa 3H CKOpO CBe 3HMa oBaj rp06 je MHoro MJIal)H og CBHX gocag HaBegeIlHX; Behe rrpllBpegHe II gpYlllTBeHe npOMeIie y jegHoj 06JIaCTll, - carpa~eH je y IV B. CT. e. a TaKBllX npllIVlepa HaIVl npellcTopllja npy}l{a gocra. BpJIO Kog HaBegeHHx HaJIa3HWTa yoy:aBaMO cJIegeha OCHO3aHllMJbHBO ll3JIaI'aIhe 0 np06JIeM11Ma CnaJbllBaIba nOl{ojBHa 06eJIe}l{ja: HHKa yorrlliTe H y npeHcTopHjH H3Heo je HegaBHo HOg Hac CBH npHnagajy HCTel<y apxajcI{Or rrepI-loga, nog ,U. CpejoBHh82; nOCJIy}KHhy ce jegHHM OJ\ npllMepa Koje Hpaj VI H TOl{OM VB. CT. e. (I-l3Y3eBWH caMO MHOI'O OH HaBogll, 3a 06jawlbelbe II HallieI' CJIyy:aja. MJIa~H I'p06 H3 EpaHHy:eBa). CBe cy TO I'p060BI-l ca Ha 6mlCKOM HCTOKy ce Hgeja 0 CrraJb11BaIhY jaBJba CrraJbHBal-beM. y MOMeHTy Kaga HyJIType 6pOH3aHor g06a J\OCT11)l{y CBOj - Kog CBHX cy I'p06He HOHCTpyHL(Hje BehHX pa3Mepa, BpxyJ-lal( II OTrrOl.J11I-be rrepllog I-bllXOBOI' pacrragalba rrog 06JII1l(H HM Accra BapHpajy, aJIH y CBaHOM cJIyy:ajy yrryyTlll(ajeM IIOBOI' MeTaJIa rBO}K~a (HeKpOnOJIa Tpoje hyjy Ha CnaJbHBaIhe. ITPHJIlil'-lHO 36ylbyjy CBOjHM 06JIHVI/2, EoracHej, XIV-XIII BeK)83. YnpHoc 11HTeH3llBl-IHM l(HMa, KOjH y:eCTO cagp}KaBajy I-l HejacHe geTaJbe; 6e3 HyJITypl-I11M Be3aMa C eI'ejcl{IIM OCTpBHMa II KOHTllHeJ-lTaJIHOM rrpecegaHa cy y OBOj 06J13CTH H npegcTaBJbajy je~\HY rpl.JIWM, CrraJbllBalbe je rrpHXBaheHo y OBHM 06JIaCT11Ma 3aHHMJbI-lBY Hommy. TeH y BpeMe pacnaJ\alba MHKeJ-lCHe l(llBIIJIll3al(Hje (XIIIYnopeJ\o ca OBHM BeJIHHHM I{OI-lcTpyl{l(HjaMa, y BHwe XII Bel{), cnoqeT!{a cnopaJ\Hl.JHO, a MaCOBHO y X-IX cJIyy:ajeBa ce nojaBJbyjy rp060BH ca I<OHcTpyl<l(HjaMa BeKy, y BpeMe 3Hal.JajHllx eTJ-lllY:lmx npoMeHa H llJ-lTeJ-l311iVIl-IOI'OMalbHX gHMeH3Hja, IWjH 06Hcmo cToje y HeI<OM. BHHje yrroTpe6e I'Bo}l{1)a84. rIocJIe eIWHOMCKe, gpYUlTBeHe 3aBHCHOM OgHOCy rrpeMa BeJIIilHHM (KapaopMaH, ATeHHl(a, H KymypHe cTa6HJIH3al(Hje Ha OBOM rrogpyy:jy, y VIII EpaHHy:eBo) . BeHy HarrylliTa ce o611Y:aj CrraJb11Balba. BpaT11Mo ce Ha Hallie nogpyqje. Y J\06a rrpOTOI'eoMeTp11clwr, I'eoMeTpHcKor 11 op11jeHTaJI113Hpajyher CTIilJIa rpl.JHe OBJ\e l(BeTa THrrHl.JHa XaJIliiTaTCKa HyJITypa, caxpaIb11Balbe CHOpO H He rr03Haje CrraJb11BaI-be nOKojH11Ha85; rpl.JH11 npegMeTH Hao HilITIOpT cy caCBHM peTKH H 6e3 Beher 3Hal.Jaja. OHO llITO je J\OHeKJIe rrpHxBaheHo og Jyra, TO cy caMO gaJIeKH ogjel(H I-Iel{agallllbe MHKeHC1{e I<yJIType (lia np. y Be3H CaXpalbI-lBaI-ba86), HOjI-l TeK caga HaJIa3e cBoje MeCTO I-l I{Og HJIHpa. Be3e OBI-lX; 06JIaCTI-l ca JyroM g06I1jajy CBOj ~W6JbH 3Hal.Jaj Tel{ rrpH HCTeKy apxajcKor nepHoga; OBe eIWHOMCKe, HyJITypeHe na H rrpBe nOJIHTHl.JKe Be3e og rrpeCYAI-lOI' cy 3Hal.Jaja 3a y6p3aHo OpM11paIhe KJIaCI-lY:J-le HJIHpCI{e l{yJIType VI H V BeKa. Kao jegaJ-l og pe3yJITaTa eIWHOMCKor, KyJITypJ-lOI' H gpYlliTBeHor npeBHpalba MOrJIa 6H J\a 6yge H nojaBa CrraJbHBalba. HaBeJ\eHH rp060BI-l, yrJIaBHOM rp060B11 60raToI', apHcTOKpaTcKoI' CTaJIema, Malbe-BHllie CBH 06HJIYjy rpqHHM HMnopTOM. HHje Y:ygHO liTO ce CnaJbHBaI-be 3a caga yoqaBa I-Iaj60Jbe 6allI KOJ\ OBHX "lme}l{eBC1{HX" rp060Ba, 6YJ\yhH ga je Taj gpYlliTBeHH CJIoj yrJIaBHOM H npogyl<T rope HaBegeH11x npOMeHa. Me~YTHM, J\a je ynopego ca HOBI-lIVlcenyJIKpamIHM 06JIHKOM jOlli }ImBeO H CTapHjH 06JIHH, cax;palbHBaI-be 6e3 CrraJbI-lBaIba y OBOj 06JIaCTH, HaBelliheMO Kao rrpI-lMep HeKpOnOJIy "Mapl-COBHaMeH" KOg IIITI-lrra.
82 83

caga ce MaJIO rOBOpHJIO; Me~YTHM, CBe HOB11 H HOBH HaJIa3II Ha nogpyy:jy MaKeAOl-I11je, AJI6aHHje, jy}l{He Cp6Hje, OT!{pIIBeH11 y nOCJIeAlbe BpeMe, nOCTaBJbajy OBO niiTalbe l{aO CBe aKTyeJIHHje.

BpaTHIVlO ce Ha jow I'po60Ba H3 Kapaop~taI-Ia. ~(aTOBaI-be .

HeKa l1I-lTalba y Be3H OT!{pHBeHHx ITpe CBeI'a IbHXOBO npel(H3HHje

HajCTapHjH OJ\ CBHX weCT je CBaHal{O I'p06 1; go I-bera cc yCI{OPO yHorraBa I'p06 5. KOHcTpyl<I.(Hja rp06a 2 je, BHJ\eJIH CMO, Ha HeWTO BHWeJ~1 HHBOy oA I'p06a 1, Ha I{OI'a y:aH 11 I-IaceAa CBOj11M 11CTOY:H11M HpajeM; 3HaY:11, Henrro je MJIal)H OA I'p06a 1. rpo6 3 je HajBepOBaTI-ll1je 11cTOBpeMeI-I I'p06y 2, HaI{O TO rroKa3yje I-b11XOB CI{JlOrr, J\01{ ce I'po6 4 110gH}Ke I<aCH11je, Hag 3aBprnel-lOM HOHCTpyKl(HjOM I'p06a 2. J eJ\l1HO je BpeMeHcH11 OJ\HOC rp06a 6 l1peMa OCTaJIHMa HelliTO Teme c6jacH11T11. CB11X 6 I'p060Ba Be3aHH cy BCpOBaTl-lO 3a jeJ\HY l<pahy BpeMeHcl<y gl1cTaHl(y, MO}Kga He Behy og gBe J\el(eIll1je. ITpeMa 06eJIe}j{j11Ma Ha~eHHX rrpeAMeTa, noce6Ho HOBl(a, BpeMCI-ICl{l1 611 6e3 cyMlbe HcrrYI-baBaJI11 APYI'y l.JeTBpTHl-ly VB. CT. e., C THM WTO 6H cpegHHa HCTOI' Bel{a 6HJIa y CTBapH H AOlha I'paH11l(a OBHX HaJIa3a. OT!{pHhe OBHX rp060Ba nOBJIaY:H H l.JHTaB I-IH3 APyI'Hx rrHTaI-ba: 3aBHcaH OAHOC Me~y yMpJIHIVIa, pHTyaJI caxpalb11Balba, l{yJIT nOKojHHEa, J~O)l{Aa 11 I-beI'OBO x;epOH3HpaIbe (KOJ\ rp06a 1 H 2). 3a OBO rroCJIeAI-be y npHJIHl.JHoj MepH rOBopH BeJIl1cIHHa cll1TaBe IWHCTpYKl(Hje, na TpaI'OBH }I<pTBOBalba Ha TOM MecTy y BpeMe'l{aga cy HOHType I'po60Ba Beh 0J\aBHO nOToHyJle nOJ\ l-IOBHM CJIojeBHMa 1{3Melha 11 I'apI-l.

CpejoBHh, JJ:., op. cit., 83 H ,!1. Schaffer, c., Stratigraphie comparee et chronologie de l' Asie occidentale, (Oxford 1948), 62, 151, 119, 145. - Blegen, C., Caskey, ,UaJbe, Ty je HaJIa3 }KHBOTHI-bCImX; H rrTIIl.Jj11x I<OCT11jy J., Rawison, M., Troy, The Sixth Settlement, v. III/I, Text, 277, 279. (l{aO TpaI'OB11 Aahe?) y rpo6y 5, HaMepHo KpWeI-be rrocyga " Nilson, M., Geschichle der Griechischen Religion, (Munchen 1955), I, 504 sqq. - Lorimer, H. L., Pulvis et O",bra, J H S, v. HaJ\ I'p060M, CnaJb11BaIhe YMpJIOra. Ha OBOM MecTy rr03aLIIlj2, 161 sqq. 6aBHheMo ce MaJIO BHwe caIVlO OBOM rrOCJIeAlbOM nojaBoM. 3a ycaMJbeHe cnycrajeBe CnaJbHBaI-ba H3 TOg nepHO,[la y 3a 0611l.Jaj CnaJbHBal-ba Ha HJI11pCKOM nOAPyl.Jjy OBOj 06nacTH B. CpejoBHh, JJ:., op. cit., 83 H ,!1. ceBepHo og rpClKe, np11 Hpajy apxajcKor rrep11oga, ;0:0 86 3a MHKeHCHepeMHHI1CI.1eHI.1Hje rpo6HHM KOHCTpyKI.1I1Ha jaMa VIII-VII B. CT. e. y OBOj o6naCTH BH,!1H11MOj pa,[l; MomAu 81 JJ:peMcH30Ba, D., Ha02p06ua At02UAa uPU c. EpaUU'le60,. 00 OpAoBa T.JYIW Iwj c. KapaOpAlaH, 360pHHK Ha lllTHnCHHOTMy3ej I13CJle,!10BaHHjaB creCTHa Ka,!1.,IJ;. JJ:ecreB, (Co(jmja 1958), 445 H ,!1. II (llITHIT 1961), 47 H ,!1.

CMeUITeHa je Ha 6Jlaroj nagHl-IH Hag pelWM EperammU;OM, OHO 2 km. jyroHCTOqHO og UlTIma (OgHOCHO HaCeJba UlTHrrCl{o HOBo CeJIo). rp060BH cy y 06JIHHy nHcnI, COJIHgHO rparyeHH og BeJIHHHX H JIeno 06paryeHHx rrJIoqa og Mel{Or 3eJIeHOr neIlIqapa. 0pHjeHTlIcaHII cy y rrpaBlJ;Y H - 3; yMpJIH cy CaXpaIheHII HeCnaJbeHII, y orrpY}l{eHOAi rroJIo}l(ajy.

caAwj I-IeHpOrrOJIII "rOpHO nOJIe", HerryI-IHX IICTOqHO og nCTpa}l{IIBaHHX rp060Ba 1-6, OT!{pnBeH je Cl<eJIenllI rp06 y 06JIHl<y lIIICTe. (Pa30pao ra je TpaICrop HpaTHO BpeJVle rrpe IICTpa}!(lIBaIba OmICar-IlIX rp060Ba).

Ha

50 MeTapa

Mel)yTYIM nlITaIhe HOJIHl{O gyro je rrocTojao 06lIQaj CrraJblIBalba y OBI1MI(pajeBlIMa Te ga JIII je y g06a CBor HajjaIIpeMa HHBeHTapy - CHBOj cPlIHOj HepaMllU;1I (B. CJI. qer 3aMaxa 6110 Ol1lUTe npnxBaheH, nJIH je Yl1opego C lbHM 32b, 31), 3aTHM nojaBH "MaJIOa3HCI{HX" cPH6yJIa (CJI. 15 e), er3ncTnpao H cTapnjn Ha'-IIIH caxpalhHBalba, l{aO II HH3 OTI(pIIBeHH rp060BH 6H 6lIJIH IIcToBpeMeHII HaJIa3lIMa 1I3 gpyrnx I1IITaIba, qeHahe H3rJIega jOlU gyro r-ra ogroBop. KapaopMaHa HJIH MO}Hga nap geu;eHHja cTapHjlI.

HSaH MH]{Y

JILfH1i

En 1959 Ie Mussee national de stip a continue ses recherches dans les terrains de la necropole prehistorique bien connue de Gorno pole pres de Karaorman, aux environs de stip. Un bref rapport sur cette grande necropole illyrienne ainsi que sur les premieres recherches qu'on y avait deja effectuees, ont ete publies precedemment.2 Dans cette etape-ci on a fouille dans la partie nord-est de la necropole et explore, a cette occasion, une superficie d'environs 230 m'. On a decouvert deux constructions sepulcrales en forme de carre, dans la structure desquelles se trouvaient quatre aut res tombes de construction plus simple. Les defunts enterres dans ces tombes etaient incineres. Les grandes constructions en forme de carre offrent un interet tout particulier (tombeaux Nos 1 et 2); les fosses ont ete excavees a peu de profondeur et leurs murs ont ete batis de grosses pierres; leur hauteur est jusqu'a 1,10 m et les dimensions des fosses sont de 5X4,60 resp. 4,50X4,40 m (Fig. 4-7). Le fond de la fosse est forme d'argilc damee et renferme au milieu un cercle irregulier de grosses pierres dans lequel trouvent disperses les debris provenant du bLlcher (Fig. 3). Les annexes sont eparpillees par tout Ie fosse. Apres l'inhumation, la fosse a ete remplie de menues pierres, parmi lesquelles etaient melees de grandes quantites de cendres fuliginuescs et de fragments de ceramique (Fig. 8). Autour des tombeux on a construit des murs carres, de dimensions 8,20 X 8,40 m, en grosses pierres de taille bien equarries et aut our de ceux-ci on a remblaye une zone de cailloutis sur laquelle on offrait en sacrifice de nombreux vases (Fig. 7). Au-dessus des tombes on a eleve egalement d'etranges con~tructions massives, dites de sacrifice d'oil provient la majeure partie d'objets deterres et, en premier lieu, les debris de plus d'une centaine de vasses gris (de La Tene) (Fig. 10,31,32 et 33). Les tom beaux 3, 4 et 5 sont d'une construction beaucoup plus simple (Fig. 11 et 12). Leur ten(lance d'etre aussi pres que possible des tom beaux de construction carree ou bien de leur ressembler autant que possible indique indubitablement leur dependance de ceux-ci. Le tombe.au No 6 est construit de plaques qui forment un cube de forme a peu pres reguliere (Fig. 13).

Ce qui distingue les grands tombeaux carres du reste de tombeaux, ce n'est pas uniquement leur construction, mais aussi l'abondance d'annexes qu'i1s renferment. Pour la datation des trouvailles, la plus import ante est la monnaie proven ant du tombe.au No 1, la triobole de la ville chalcide d'Akanthos ou bien de Dokimos, un basileus inconnu thraco-macedonien du debut du Vieme siecle de l'ere ancienne (Fig. 14). En ce qui concerne les objets de parure, decouverts dans cette localite, les plus caracteristiques sont les fibules de type de l'Asie Mineure, les aiguilles doubles d'origine illyrienne, les perles d'ambre fa<;one et de verre colorie, une plaque ornementale ajouree et autres obejts analogues (Fig. 15-22). Outre les nombreux vasses gris (dits de Thrace et de La Tene) (Fig. 31-33) on a trouve aussi plusieurs fragments de vases peints grecs (Fig. 34). On rencontre ces grands constructions sepulcrales 'lUX traces de I'incineration, datant de la fin de l'epoque archai'que dans toute une serie de locaUtes de Macedoine, de Serbie, d'Albanie et de Bulgarie. Outre Ie cas examine dans Ie present ilrticle, ce sont, tout d'abord, les tombes princieres de Trebeniste71, dont la construction a ete suffisamment discuteejusqu'ici, .11ais Ie manque de basse certai~ nes ainsi que I'absence des analo;des l.-:issent ouvert leur probleme.70 Les fouilles les plus recentes effectuees a Trebeniste ont mis a jour de nouvelles constructions sepulcrales a l'incineration.G6 On a ex cave des constructions analogues dans les localites suivantes: Demir KapiiaG3, Petilep pres de BitoIiG5, Karagac pres de Kosovska Mitrovica78, Atenica pres de Cacak79 et dans la vallee de la riviere de Mata en Albanieso ainsi que dans une localite pres de Branicevo en Bulgarie.81 L'origine de toutes ces tombes doit etre recherchee vers la fin du VIieme et au cours du Viemc siecle de I'ere ancienne (a l'exception de la tombe decouverte aux environs de Branicevo qui est considerablement plus recente et appartient a un prince thrace) et elles presentent Ie tableau de la culture materielle de la couche dominante des tribus sud-illyriennes au commencement Ie leur hellenisation intense, 'a I'epoque Oil fut formee la culture classique illyrienne.

You might also like