185

uruAppendix 13. Multifactor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

TEACHING
TECHNIQUE

BR (A1)

DI (A2)

TOTAL ROWS

CREATIVITY
71
74
75
77
77
78
78
80
81
82
87

HIGH (B1)

65
67
67
67
68
69
71
72
74
75
82

48
50
52
55
56
56
57
59
60
62
67

LOW (B2)

43
48
54
54
55
60
61
62
62
63
64

186

The analyses are as follows:

1. The total sum of squares:
( X t ) 2
2
2
x

t t
N
2. The sum of squares between groups:

X X X X X
x n n n n N
2

2
b

860

11

622

11

777

11

626

11

2885

44

3752.977

3. The sum of squares within groups:

x x x
2
w

2
t

2
b

4936.795- 3752.977 1183.818

4. The between columns sum of squares:

X X X

2
bc

c1

c2

nc1

nc 2

(1482 ) 2 1403 2885

141.8409
22
22
44
2

5. The between rows sum of squares:

X X X

2
br

r1

r2

n r1

nr 2

2
2
2

1637 1248 2885

22

22

44

3439.114

6. The sum of squares interaction:

int

xb2 ( xbc2 xbr2 )

3752.977 (141.8409 3439.114) 172.0227

7. The number of degree of freedom associated with each source of variation:

df for between-columns sum of squares = C - 1 = 2 1 = 1
df for between-rows sum of squares

=R1=21=1

df for interaction = (C 1)(R 1)

=1x1=1

df for between-groups sum of squares

=G1=41=3

187

df for within-groups sum of squares

n 1

(11 1) (11 1) (11 1) (11 1)

40

df for total sum of squares = N 1

Source of Variance

SS

= 44 1 = 43

df

MS

Fo

Between Columns

141.8409

141.8409 4.792659

Between Rows

3439.114

3439.114 116.2041

Columns by Rows

172.0227

172.0227 5.812471

Between Groups

3752.977

1250.992

Within Groups

1183.818

40

29.59545

Total

4936.795

43

Ft(0.5)
4.08

188

Appendix 14. Tukey Test

1.

Between columns
(Learning cell compared to Direct teaching)

qo
2.

Between rows
(Students having high self-esteem compared to students having low selfesteem)

qo
3.

X r1 X r 2
74.41 56.37

15.24494
Error.Variance/ n
29.59545/ 22

Between columns
(Learning cell compared to direct teaching for students having high selfesteem)

qo
4.

X c1 X c 2
67.36 63.77

3.096016
Error.Variance/ n
29.59545/ 22

X c1r1 X c 2 r1
78.18 70.64

4.600125
Error.Variance/ n
29.59545/ 11

Between columns
(Learning cell compared to direct teaching for students having low selfesteem)

qo

X c 2r 2 X c1r 2
56.91 56.55

0.11085
Error.Variance/ n
29.59545/ 11

Between

qo

qt

3.096016

2.95

15.24494

2.95

4.600121

3.11

0.221693

3.11

Status

Meaning

Significant

qo> qt

Significant

qo> qt

Significant

qo> qt

Not Significant

qo< qt

Group
A1-A2

22

B1-B2

22

A1B1-A2B1

11

A1B2-A2B2

11