This is the English-language portion of volume 29 from the series Documents from the U.S. Espionage Den. (اسناد لانه جاسوسی امریكا) (Asnad-i lanah-i jasus-i Amrika) Volume 29: افغانستان (۱) Afghanistan (1)
This is the English-language portion of volume 29 from the series Documents from the U.S. Espionage Den. (اسناد لانه جاسوسی امریكا) (Asnad-i lanah-i jasus-i Amrika) Volume 29: افغانستان (۱) Afghanistan (1)
This is the English-language portion of volume 29 from the series Documents from the U.S. Espionage Den. (اسناد لانه جاسوسی امریكا) (Asnad-i lanah-i jasus-i Amrika) Volume 29: افغانستان (۱) Afghanistan (1)
IN THE NAME OF GOD, THE
MERCIFUL AND COMPASSIONATE
IN ORDER TO HAVE A SUCCINT INFORMATION REGARDING APGHANISTAN AMD GETTING
FAMILIAR WITH THE EVENTS, EVEN AT A SUPERSICIAL LEVEL, I? IS DEES
MECESSARY
‘TO PRESENT SOME INFORMATIVE FACTS, 3EYOND WHAT IS CONTAINED IN THE FACTS AND
DOCUMENTS OF THE PRESENT BOOK. THE MOST ESSENTIAL OF THESE ARE GEROGRAPHIC
DATA AND A GLINPSE OF THE HISTORY OF THIS COUNTRY.
AS REGARDS THE POLITICAL CONOTATIONS OF THE EVENTS IN VIEW OP THE
LIMITATIONS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DOCUMENTS IT WOULD BE TRIED TO
REFRAIN FROM GOING BEYOND THOSE LIMITATIONS AND CONCENTRATE ON THE DOCUMENTS
‘THEMSELVES,
GEOGRAPHIC DATA ABOUT AFGHANISTAN:
AFGHANISTAN IS A COUNTRY IN CENTRAL ASIN WITH A POPULATION OF 22 MILLIONS
BOUNDED IN THE NORTH BY THE SOVIFT UNI AND THE WEST RY IRAN, ON THE EAST AND
SOUTH BY PAKISTAN, AND ON' THE NORTH EAST BY CHINA. ALTHOUG A LANDLOCKED
COUNTRY BECAUSE OF COMMON BORDERS WITH PAKISTAN AND IRANIAN BALUCHESTAN,
AFGHANISTAN CAN SERVE AS A MEANS OF ACCESS BY THE SOVIET UNION TO THE WARM
WATERS OF THE SOUTH AND THE INDIAN OCEAN. THES ACCESS OF THE SOVIET TO THE
INDIAN OCEAN CONSTITUTES ONE OF THE LONG TERM STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES OF THE
SOVIET UNION SINCE THE CZARIST PERIOD. ‘TONAY, BECAUSE OP THE PRESENT CIRCU~
MSTANCES, THIS QUESTION HAS ACQUIRED A CERTAIN SIGNIFICANCE.
AFGHANISTAN’S ECONOMY IS MOSTLY DEPENDENT UPON AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK
BREEDING. THERE ARE ALSO RESOURCES LIKE GAS, OIL, IRON, COPPER, COAL,
URANIUM AND PRECIOUS STONES, WHICH, BECAUSE OF PENURY OF CAPITAL AND TECHNOL-OGICAL KNOW-HOW, ARE NOT EXPLOITED. ONLY JACENTH AND NATURAL GAS ARE AMONG
ITEMS OF AFGHANISTAN'S EXPORT.
@5 PERCENT OF AFGHANISTAN'S POPULATION ARE PEASANTS AND LIVE IN
POVERTY. THIS FACT, PLUS THE FEUDAL SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY AND THE GROWTH
OF THE POWER OF FEUDALS ARISING FROM THE COLONIAL POLICIES OF THE PAST, HAS
DEPRIVED THE PEASANTS FROM TH2 MOST PPIMIVIVE MEANS OF WELFARE.
BECAUSE OF THE ILLITERACY OF 98 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION AND THE LOW
LEVEL OF CULTURE , AND LACK OF POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS CONSCIOUSNESS AS
WELL AS THE HETEROGENEOUS NATURE OF THE ETHNIC STRUCTURE OF AFGHANISTAN
PASHTUOS, TAGIKS HAZAREIS, OUZBAKS, TURCOMANS, GHORISTANIS, BALUCHIES, ETC),
TENDENCIES OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC SUPERIORITY HAVE DEVELOPED IN THE COUNTRY,
BECAUSE OF WHICH THERE HAVE BEEN CONFILICTS IN VARIOUS PERIOOS. THIS
TENDENCY HAS VERY OFTEN SERVED AS A POWERFUL WEAPON IN THE HANDS OF COLONI-
|ALIST POWERS TO PENETRATE IN THE AFGHAN SOIL, THE SIGNING OF THE TREATY
OF "GANDOMAK” BETWEEN THE AMIR OF PASHTOUS ( EMIR MOHAMAD YAEGHOOB KHAN) AND
‘THE BRITISH, OR THE SINISTER TREATY OF " DORAND" BETWEEN EMIR ABDUL RAHMAN
KHAN AND THE BRITISH IN 1839, ARE IN THEMSELVES A CLEAR EVIDENCE OF THE MANY
IN WHICH THE COLONIALISTS TOOK ADVANTAGE OF RACIAL CONFLICTS IN AFGHNISTAN.
UNFORTUNATETY, DESPITE THE HEAVY BLOWS SUFFERED BY THE PEOPLE OF AFGHANISTAN
AS A RESULT OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES, THE AFGHAN PEOPLE ARE STILL
AFFLICTED. BY THEESE DIFFERENCES AND EVEN THE FORMATION OF GROUPINGS AND
ORGANIZATIONS HAVE RACIAL OR LANGUAGE AFFINITIES AS MOTIVE. THIS FACTOR
APPEARS ALSO AMONG MARKIST GROUPINGS. FOR INSTANCE THE KHALG GROUP AND
THE PARCHAM GROUP, WHICH ARE BOTH MARXIST AND ASSOCIATED WITH THE RUSSIANS,
HAVE ALWAYS STOOD AGAINST EACH OTHER, AND EXTERMINATING EACH OTHER (MOST
PASHTU SPEAKING MARKISTSARE IN THE KHALG PARTY AND MOST PERSIAN MARXISTS
2HAVE BEEN IN THE PARCHAM PARTY), THE DOMINATION OF THE COLONTAL SYSTEMS
HAS NOT ONLY DEVELOPED RACIALIST TENDENCIES EXPLOITING THEM IN THETR OWN
BENEFIT, BUT HAVE TRIED TO DISTORT AND DISCREDIT ISLAM AND RELIGIOUS
BELEIFS AND HAVE ENCOURAGED THIS ISLAMIC NATION TO JUSTIFY THE CORRUPT
REGIMES THAT HAVE ANTI-ISLAMIC TENDENCIFS. HOWEVER, DESLITE ALL THESE
EFFORTS OF THE COLONTALISTS TO DESTROY THEIR CULTURE AND HISTORY AND
DISCREDIT AND DISTORT ISLAM, THE PEOPLE OF AFGHANISTAN HAVE PRESERVED
‘THEIR RELIGIOUS ZEAL AND THEIR SPIRIT OF OPPOSITION AGAINST FOREIGN
DOMINATION. THIS VERY VIRTUE OF THETRS HAS CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEFEAT
OF THE BRITISH IN THE YEARS 1829 AND 1879 AND WILL CONTRIBUTE TO THE
FAILURE OF THE SOVIETS IN AFGHANISTAN.
THE RULING REGIMES OF
SHANISTAN
FROM ZAHER SHAH TO AMIN
ON THE STRENGTH OF THE EXISTING DOCUMENTS IN THIS BOOK, ALTHOUGH WE
DO NOT POSSESS ANY INDEPENDENT DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE MANNER IN WHICH
Z2MER SHAH RULED IN HIS COUNTRY FOR 20 YEARS, HOWEVER, ON THE EXPERIENCE
OF OUR PEOPLE DURING THE FIFTY YEARS OF DICTATORIAL RULE OP THE PAHLAVI
DYNASTY, AND ON THE BASIS OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PARAMETERS WHICH MOHAK-
AD REZA ENJOYED AND ZAHER SHAH LACKED THEM, IT CAN WELL BE SUPPOSED. WHAT
THE AFGHAN PEOPLE HAD SUFFERED DURING THIS PERTOD, 40 YEARS OF RULE BY
2RHER SHA AND COLLABORATION WITH COLONIALISTIC POLICIES OF THE BRITISH
AND THE U.S., HAS BROUGHT NOTHING BUT IGNORANCE, POVERTY AND THE PILLAY
ING OF AFGHANTSTAN’S RECOURCES.
THE REPUBLICAN RULE:
THE INCREASE OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE WEST AND THE BLACKING OF THE
MOVEMENTS OF THE MARXIST GROUPS AS A RESULT OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
3