GRARADOBussinessV2 1

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc
GRARADO Green Energy A business plan for A real no waste company
Table of Contents
Executive summary..............................................................................................................................4 Content abstract....................................................................................................................................5 Electricity sales and generation possibilities. .................................................................................5 Size of market for electricity............................................................................................................5 Selection of additional biomass.......................................................................................................5 Local economical improvement. .....................................................................................................6 Current status...................................................................................................................................6 Biomass production.........................................................................................................................7 Marinduque.................................................................................................................................7 Bukidnon.....................................................................................................................................7 Butuan City.................................................................................................................................7 Bayugan......................................................................................................................................8 Additional co-generation from biomass..........................................................................................8 Electricity production......................................................................................................................8 The method..........................................................................................................................................8 Bio-residues as source for fertilizer and electrical energy: .............................................................9 Source for biomass for energy and oil:............................................................................................9 The process.................................................................................................................................9 People involved in the business.....................................................................................................10 Location.........................................................................................................................................10 Business structure...............................................................................................................................11 Ownership......................................................................................................................................11 Structure.........................................................................................................................................11 Products offered............................................................................................................................11 Market............................................................................................................................................11 Addressing the markets..................................................................................................................12 Strategic business partners.............................................................................................................12 Price and cost for products and services.............................................................................................12 Turn-over and profit development.................................................................................................13 Jatropha business extension......................................................................................................13 Electricity business...................................................................................................................13 Revenues...................................................................................................................................14 Costs fuel supply, biomass Jatropha. ........................................................................................14 Cost fuel supply, other biomass................................................................................................15 Financing............................................................................................................................................15 THE DEVELOPMENT IMPACT .....................................................................................................17 Local economic impact of the business.........................................................................................17 Annex 1: Multiple products from one source.....................................................................................19 Main products................................................................................................................................19 Products used for electricity generation.........................................................................................19 Side products from electricity generation......................................................................................21 Annex 2: Cooperate structure.............................................................................................................22 Annex 3. Available biomass as reported for Damulog area...............................................................23 Electricity production from biomass calculation:..........................................................................23 2
Coconut biomass............................................................................................................................23 Rice biomass..................................................................................................................................23 Jatropha biomass. ..........................................................................................................................23 Maize corn cobs, maize stalks.......................................................................................................24 Logging waste................................................................................................................................24 Clearing and maintenance of lands. ..............................................................................................24 Technical feasibility. .....................................................................................................................25 Annex 4. Available biomass as reported for Butuan city area............................................................26 Electricity production from biomass calculation:..........................................................................26 Waste from wood industry............................................................................................................26 Jatropha biomass. ..........................................................................................................................26 Logging waste................................................................................................................................26 Annex 5: Production method of the Jatropha products......................................................................28 Production area..............................................................................................................................28 Jatropha storage. ...........................................................................................................................30 Economics of the growing model..................................................................................................30 Electricity from bio mass...............................................................................................................31 Sample use factory.........................................................................................................................32 Annex 7: Short bio Ger Groeneveld...................................................................................................34 Annex 8: References feasibility studies.............................................................................................40 Conclusions feasibility studies.......................................................................................................40 Notes and references to conclusions..............................................................................................40 Agricultural...............................................................................................................................40 Technical...................................................................................................................................42 Economical................................................................................................................................43
Illustration Index
Illustration 1: Financial source model electricity generation from Jatropha......................................16 Illustration 2: Farmer additional income development, based on rice and coconut with additional Jatropha...............................................................................................................................................18 Illustration 3: Fruit sample of a young Jatropha tree in Marinduque.................................................28 Illustration 4: Selected fruits of the Jatropha for germination............................................................28 Illustration 5: Branches selected for the cuttings to grow..................................................................29 Illustration 6: Dark ripe fruit, good for oil pressing...........................................................................29 Illustration 7: Grow Jatropha from cuttings and seeds.......................................................................29 Illustration 8: After soaking the seeds for 12 hours, the seeds are put in a plastic bag to grow.........30 Illustration 9: Processing facility........................................................................................................31 Illustration 10: Initial planning 'greenfield' type of operation............................................................33
Index of Tables
Table 1: Sales prices estimated of Jatropha related products.............................................................14 Table 2: Instating Jatropha bottom up as inter-crop or on marginal lands.........................................16 Table 3: Fuel price component for different biomass streams, including hauling.............................26 3
Executive summary
Proposed is a business plan providing electricity and industrial heat generated from biomass residues in rural areas based on a modular system of 1 Mwe power plants, extend able to 5 Mwe per location for a total investment of $2,800,000 per first 1.5 Mwe capacity delivering 10,250,000 kWh per year. Additional power capacity is delivered for $2,200,00 per MW. The guaranteed revenue for each Mwe, as fixed in a power purchase agreement for 20 years is for each Mwe about $1,400,000 each year. About $1,000,000 /Mwe is spend on fuel, biomass and nonfood usable vegetable oil as grown in the area. These fuel recovery costs will return into local economy. The payback time for installations is 7 years only, not discounted. Biomass residues are sourced from local farmer communities, organized in co-operatives, together with special grown energy crop delivering food grade or non-food grade vegetable oil representing a minimum amount of 650kW per delivered Mwe. The energy crop growing will provide a secondary income stream for farmers over an area of minimal 450 ha per Mwe installed. This area can provide 200 to 450 farmers of extra income ranging from $200/ha/year up to $450/ha/year The biomass power plant purpose is to provide an initial market for energy crops like Jatropha and create a market for biomass-residues to eradicate practices of slash and burn, use of biomass residues which now end up in landfills, removal of polluting biomass residues near or on agricultural processing sites. The power plant itself provides a daytime job for 5 people and 6 more for night-time. A secondary product of the power plant is fertilizers,composted with Jatropha seed-cakes and other fruit remains after extraction. This fertilizer is returned to the farmers at cost price to be applied for food crop and the energy crop itself. Grarado green energy inc. is setup in August 2009 as a stock holding co-operation with almost 40% foreign ownership and 60% Filipino ownership. It is registered with SEC and DOE as a renewable energy provider. Led by Ir. Ger Groeneveld and supported by a board of 5 and a group of 3 consultants. All members are share holders and have long term experience with power generation and agricultural business. Current assets of Grarado are 1 power purchase agreement for 5 Mwe for 20 years with an estimated value of $ 128,000,000, one energy service agreement for 1 Mwe for 25 years within a joint venture with an estimated value of $ 17,500,000.
Content abstract.
This business plan introduces a profitable concept for a set of small scale rural based factories producing non-food energy products, as electrical power, fertilizer and transportation fuels. For the production of the renewable electrical power the bio-residues of agricultural and energy products is used. This fuel for electricity production is currently already available in the form of coconut husk, rice husk and sawdust, wood refuse from the logging industry. Fertilizers is derived from the ashes left over from electricity production. Oil for use in transportation fuels is harvested from the available and expanding area of Jatropha seeds. Basic erection cost for a 1 MW power plant will be $ 2,800,000, producing 10.250.000 kWh/year minimum of electricity sold at a fix price of minimum $0.181/kWh. Next to the production of electricity, there is the production of fertilizers and Jatropha oil. An extensive overview of all product streams has been made showing all costs and revenues.
Electricity sales and generation possibilities.

The Philippines do have an reasonable good infrastructure for the distribution of power. Due to the fact that it consist out of more than 7000 island, electrical power generation is and has been done mostly with local power generation from diesel gen-sets fueled with fossil fuels like diesel. The other source of electrical power is hydro-power, which is only available in some parts of the larger island (Luzon and Mindanao) The availability of power from hydro covers about 50% of the basic load. Many areas of the Philippines, noticeably the rural areas are not connected to a central grid. Power for distribution is bought by local electrical companies from generators in nearby areas, often power barges or power stations located in a seaport. In the investigated areas of Mindanao and Marinduque there is an abundance of of bio-residues, unused farmland, motivated local farmers willing to plant and deliver energy crop. Labor force is available in excess, most of them with a reasonable high level of education and western style training as many have worked in the mining industry and work in foreign countries. The Philippines do have materials for producing the needed appropriated equipment. Design, engineering and production of equipment is possible in the Philippines.
Size of market for electricity.

The current power distribution co-operatives do have a shortage of power delivery of about 20% to 30% of the demand. A large problem obtaining the power is the large distance between the power generating facility and the off-taker, especially in rural areas. Bringing in the power has high cost associated with it as the power is transported through many interconnected grids or long high voltage power lines have to be established. Average distributed power for a co-operative is between the 10 MW and 65 MW. There is a direct market for at least 2 MW to 13 MW in franchise areas of the electrical co-operatives, to be filled in before 2015.
Selection of additional biomass.

Jatropha is a plant which grows on almost any type of soil, producing an oil bearing seed of high 6
quality oil. The seeds are easy to process into oil and fertilizer material. The plant is used in road fencing, fencing around food area, in soil contaminated by mining activity and hilly areas where food production is to complex. General in areas not in use for food production or as a side plant supporting food production. The oil is a commodity which can be used for the production of biofuels like diesel and aviation fuel.
Local economical improvement.

Farmers direct interest in electricity generation and Jatropha is to improve on their income as bioresidues will represent an value, Jatropha can be grown in idle land areas and Jatropha can be grown as an additional crop in between different plantations. Agricultural products are the main export product of the Philippines. With the availability of reliable electrical power, local food industry can develop into a more efficient industry, reducing losses up to 85%. Current processing is hampered with the lack of cool storage (fish, meat), high transport losses (average transport time 48 hours, no cooling) and lack of mechanical drying facilities (rice for local use).
Current status.
In three areas in the Philippines there are Letters of Intent from electrical co-operatives for the purchase of power. These Letters of Intent have lead to a long term Power Purchase Agreement of a 20 year duration with option for extension in periods of 3-6 years In all those areas Jatropha plantations do already exist, currently no sale of seed due to very low price offered for the seeds. Ongoing plantations have now covered an area of over 500 ha, 13760 ha is already set aside, available for planting. GRARADO GREEN ENERGY is allowed by the Department of Energy (DoE) to operate as private power provider, producing energy from sustainable renewables. The company is approved by the Security and Exchange commission (SEC). The shareholders of the company are farmers, represented by co-operatives, consumers of the products of electricity. All assets of the company are controlled by the preference share holders, currently 80% foreign and 20% Filipino/Filipino. For all the areas there is a piece of land available for establishing a power plant, with all local environmental permits already present (pending) for three areas. In one area already a daily 22 tons of wood refuse is brought in as it functions as the local dump area of wood processing. Nearby the place (in a radius of 30 km) already 450 ha of Jatropha has been established.
Biomass production.
Biomass is produced all over the Philippines, a description of several places of interest. Marinduque. Cooperation with FOMMCO, Farmers of Marinduque Multi-purpose co-operation. FOMCCO is representing the farmers who are willing to produce the Jatropha. Currently 15 communities (each about 230 farmers) have agreed to cooperate and have taken a share in the company. Planting of Jatropha has been started, existing plantations are being revived for providing seeds to local farmers, distributed and monitored by FOMMCO. A total of 86 ha of existing plantations have been identified and are intensifying harvesting. Cooperation of the municipalities of Santa Cruz and Torrijos expressed by mayors and council. Cooperation of the Chamber of Commerce Marinduque with special interest in the generation of electricity. Biomass is already available on Marinduque and it is not used. Figures from agricultural production give back an estimate that about 5 MW of continues power can already be generated from now not used biomass. This biomass is consisting mainly from coconut husk and rice husk. Further biomass (land clearing, maintenance clearing mass, Municipality waste) has also been estimated and will give an additional 2MW to 5 MW of extra power. With extended Jatropha plantations on now identified available land of 7200 ha in coconut plantations an extra 7 MW could be generated. Bukidnon With 2-3 years old Jatropha plantations available on a 150 ha total size there is already a reasonable sized power production possible from Jatropha biomass alone: estimated is a 600 kW continuous from these plantations. Other available biomass is there in maize stalks, coconut husk and rice husk, rice straw currently not being used. From the average estimated agricultural production, there will be enough biomass available for the production of 900kW to 1.1MW on a continues base. With an average load of 50% this indicates a power maximum power production between 1.8MW and 2.2 MW for an area containing 1000 ha of arable land. The municipality of Damulog has started a Jatropha project already in 2005, producing oil at a small scale. Grarado can and will provide press capacity to make full use of all the 150 ha. Butuan City In the surrounded areas around Butuan there are multiple communities enrolled in the production of Jatropha. With a total planted area of about 500 ha since 2009 . Fruit productions of those plants is still low due to the young age. Butuan has a large forest industry producing tons of sawdust, rejected plywood and rejected forest 8
production. Besides this production of industrial biomass, there is also the (less) production of rice husk, coconut husk etc. The amount of the biomass is overwhelming and will be capable of producing far more than 2 MW continuously. A location for a power plant is available near a small sawmill. As access to the spot is good it is suggested that a maximum size of 6 MW will be installed at that specific location. 3 Mwe has been planned to be put in the area already. It will be processing the wood waste from nearby sawmills currently being burned in open air or dumped into the river. Bayugan In Bayugan there is a request for 5 Mwe of electricity. Cooperation with a foundation, supported by the local government, is already in place giving access to at least 5000 ha of land for Jatropha plantations (ongoing) producing enough for more than 5 Mwe. For one place a spot of land has been made available at a point in the grid where there is now a shortage of 1 MW already. Available at that place is daily 20 tons of coconut husk from nearby plantations.
Additional co-generation from biomass

Since May 2011 a new palm oil project is being setup in the municipalities of Sibagat, Esperanza and Bayugan. The total size of the plantations will be covering at least 10,000 ha on denuded forest grounds. The amount of power needed by the mills is about 1 Mwe per mill (3 planned) with a heat load of about 6 Mwth. In total a 8 Mwe can be generated of which at least a 5 Mwe is available for public grid. Main input for power generation will be the EFB, palm mesozoic and fronds, with additional Jatropha oil to provide ignition fuel. Grarado is partner in all utility power generation for this project.
Electricity production.
Techniques are well known and have been tested. Power can be produced at rates starting at $0.12/kWh. Small scale production can start in 90 days after obtaining permits. Sample plants demonstrating the techniques used for generation are running for 17+ years in different places of the world.
The method.
Improving use of land by the selectively growing of crops, specifically Jatropha, as an inter crop in coconut plantations and as main crop on low fertile, idle grounds. For renewable energy to function well, the energy density on the plantations has to be improved by occupying land with more species. As food production may not be hindered or replaced by energy crop, a type of plant has been chosen which is not eaten by animals, can replace weed and other unwanted species from the area and return valuable side products. 9
Bio-residues as source for fertilizer and electrical energy:

Large areas in the Philippines are now being underutilized because the price of food has dropped dramatically due to improved farming techniques and high yielding (genetic modified) crops. The availability of cheap, relative to labor costs, energy has led to large mechanization and automation of food production in industrialized countries. The high yielding food crops do need high amounts of (imported) fertilizer. Unfortunately many people in the Philippines do not have access to the improved technique and affordable energy. Producing food has become too expensive. For farmers to produce food crop again those need access to energy to mechanize the work, to replace the work force and fertilizer to boost production from the fields.
Source for biomass for energy and oil:

The Jatropha, especially the Curcas variety, has many advantages: It is a easy crop to grow, high return of oil, it can grow just about everywhere in countries with mean temperatures above 20 degrees Celsius. Jatropha can be planted on exhausted, poor soils unfit for growing food. It will not be eaten by animals and resistant against almost all insects. The fruits of the Jatropha tree are easy to press, delivering an oil with good fuel quality. The press cake can not be used as any type of food but still contains fats and a high concentration of minerals (fertilizer). Energy from the press cake can be extracted through gasification techniques. The ashes are used as fertilizer. The process 1. Farming and generated income: By utilizing the waste land and depleted farmlands for Jatropha growing through organizing farmers in cooperative groups a size of minimal 400 hectares will allow for enough production to set up an small rural factory for pressing the oil from the Jatropha and running a 1 Mwe power plant. 2. Oil production and generated income: Oil extracted by screw presses, cold pressing, has been proven to be directly usable as a diesel fuel replacement. The transportation costs to a local factory, serving 400 ha, is far more lower than any other large sized factory. Maximum distance is at most 20 km. In first instance the low volumes of oil are all to be used in the power plant. 3. Energy generation and generated income: The energy needed to drive the factory will be extracted through gasification of press cake, , fruit remains of the Jatropha, coconut shells and other woody remains from the field, currently being burned in open air. The use of gasification is still profitable employed in rural areas where a lot of bio waste is being produced. Bio-residue as fuel has a electrical efficiency in simple adapted CHP engines of 28%, the bio-residues contains 55% of the energy, factory using 5% of the total energy content of the fruits, will result is an extra electricity production of 2.4 MJ/kg produced oil. For every hour producing 1 kg of oil an 2.4 kWh of electricity is available for sale.
10
People involved in the business.

The elements needed for a successful business are: cheap land, agricultural knowledge of growing Jatropha, technical knowledge of processing and using Jatropha seeds and local familiarity with the social environment. For organizing all the knowledge a firm GRARADO Green Energy is being established as a stock holding firm. As prescribed by law the firm has 5 board members, all having subscribed to preferred shares. Also prescribed by law the secretary and treasurer are of Philippine nationality.1 The element land being the most needed asset, the business is set up as a stock holding company where the farmers do own most of the normal stock. Currently more than 10 communities in the municipality of Santa Cruz, Marinduque have entered the business. Further more have families in the Mindanao area (33 Ha) and groups of indigenous people, organized by Save Mindanao Inc. have committed land. The total amount of area organized is about 1500 ha. Leading the business are Ir. Ger J. Groeneveld, Maria L. M. Arado, and Charlie Estalilla. Ms. Maria Loretta Arado has taken the role of secretary in the company. She has been a coconut farm owner on the island of Marinduque. Ms. Luisa Arado Hipulan is taking care of the initial planting in the Mindanao area. She has the contacts in the Mindanao area with the local people and is connected to the Save Mindanao Foundation. Knowledge of financial affairs is present with Charlie Estalilla and Mr. Lino Valiente as consultant, manager at the Rural bank of the Philippines in the province Quezon. Louie Quizana, Marlon Palomares are both engineers with an interest in providing energy solutions to the Philippines. They have good knowledge and contacts. Manual, Lolong, is architect acquainted with the island of Marinduque. Mr. Ir. Ger Groeneveld has been put in the position of the president. He is the initiator of the firm, together with Ms. Arado. Ger possess technical knowledge of the cultivation and processing of energy crops from seed to tank and electricity in your wall socket. Being involved with similar projects in Honduras and Africa as expert, this time the opportunity to start a similar project in the Philippines on a commercial bases will allow faster use of bio-fuels. Charlie Estalilla is the owner of the firm Business Exchange, matching trade request for seeds, oils and other by-products. On Marinduque the Farmers Organization of Marinduque Multi-purpose Cooperation (FOMMCO) is representing the farmers of Marinduque which are currently holding 66 shares. In Bukidnon the therefore formed JPA (Jatropha Power Association) is being transformed to a legal co-operative which will have shares upto the amount of power they will supply for the 1 Mwe project. Further extension is on its way to deliver the Jatropha oil part for its total intended 5MWe delivery.
Location.
The starting place for operation will be anywhere were the PPA can be obtained. Initial studies have
1 Annex 2 gives an explanation of the structure of the company and the reasoning for the sustainability
11
taken place on Marinduque and on different parts on Mindanao.
Business structure.
Ownership.
The form of the company is a stock holding company having preferred shares and normal shares. Every farmer joining the business will have an option on a normal share for each 2000 Jatropha plants. Having a share ensure the availability of enough seed or seedlings for each hectare to be planted and a fair price for the seeds. The preferred shares owners are controlling the production assets of the company.
Structure.
The company exist out of factories for processing the Jatropha seeds into bio-fuel and electricity for a minimum area of 400 ha. To ensure local support for equipment and sustainability only appropriated equipment is being used and locally serviced. Local suppliers of equipment are invited to take a share in the company, as will the company take share in local supplier firms.2
Products offered.3
The company offers as a products and services: Products: 1. Electricity. 2. Fertilizer produced from bio-residues. 3. Bio-fuel feedstock in the form of Crude Jatropha Oil (JCO). 4. Cement like construction materials.
Market.
Bio-fuel market is growing because of requirement of mixing in renewable fuels. Jatropha oil is a very good replacement as the plant does not replace food, the oil itself is uneatable and is side products are excellent fertilizers. Fertilizer are in demand, especially in regions with agricultural to produce more basic foods to bring to market. Currently all fertilizer is being imported. Electricity use is growing with a higher rate as it is more easy to generate from other sources than the fossil sources. Power use is despite any economical downfall still growing with a 1.3%/year.
2 Annex 2 supplies information of the structure of the company and the reasoning of being a sustainable firm within this construction 3 An explanation is given in annex 1 about the multiple products, all generating from one type of product.
12
Addressing the markets.

Electricity is being sold to co-operative electricity distribution companies, larger industry estates or community micro-grid systems. Offered is a long term power supply possibility made from renewables and other residues. Fuel position can be guaranteed as the fuel supply is growing locally. Crude Jatropha (excess) oil is offered to refiners, biodiesel producers and generator companies abroad as an additive renewable feedstock/fuel.
Strategic business partners.

To provide and deliver the products a multiple of farmers and businesses are invited to buy stock or cooperate with the company. Electrical Distribution companies (FIBECO, ANECO, ASELCO,....) People and Palms movement Theodoor Knook International energy solutions, Ankur Systems India
Price and cost for products and services.

Detailed calculations have been made and are available in annex 3. The difference in price range in the products is due to using a natural system to produce the goods. Product prices are indicative and based on the feasibility study done for Marinduque, Bukidnon and all other places where Jatropha is growing. The product prices for the side products are: Product4 Jatropha seeds for germination Quantity now available 2009 Price/unit5 4640 kg $0.60/kg $0.18/kg $0.12/kg $0.07/piece, 3 PHP $0.08/kg 4 PHP
Jatropha seeds for crushing (origin, sustainable 37310 kg certified) Jatropha seeds for crushing(available, notcertified) Jatropha seedlings for planting Fertilizer, compost enriched. 40000 kg 26000 kg 45000 kg
Table 1: Sales prices estimated of Jatropha related products

4 Production method is described in detail in separate supplier spreadsheet 5 Detailed production price calculation in separate supplied spreadsheet
13
The product prices for the mainproducts (available after startup): Product6 Electricity Quantity 4,000,000 kWh Price/unit7 $0.17, 7.95 PHP
Turn-over and profit development8.

Cash flow and profit and loss statements are provided in the feasibility studies. The following description is based on greenfield operation with very low areal of Jatropha already available. The actual situation is that in some areas the Jatropha is already present, but lacks market and maintenance. The cash flow and P&L do assume the availability of materials as has been researched in the areas. Jatropha business extension Based on fresh start, no Jatropha available the growth of the biomass is estimated. The initial size of the factory is fit for the complete processing of 400 ha of Jatropha plantation. At first the plantation area will grow from 58 ha at the start to 800 ha with a rate of 8 ha each week at selected regions. After 12 months the production of seeds from the plantations will rise from 80.000 kg/year with an increase of minimum 5.000 kg/month. Of the production in the first three years, at least 150 kg/month of seeds are selected to be used as seed material for the extension of the plantations locally. Total production after 2 years will be minimal 832 mTon/year. After 3 years 1664 mTon minimal. In the 3e year of growing, the plant will be at his most productive for about 25 to 35 years. Production will steadily increase from 1664 mTon to 4160 mTon average and 6500 mTon maximum. For selection and quality control a factory will be build within a 6 month time range. The first produced and locally bought seeds will be test-pressed to check for the best type of (oil) seeds available. The factory will steadily grow to its full size in 5 steps. In the first 3 years all seeds are to be produced for germination and extension of plantations locally and world wide. Seeds not selected will be used to produce Jatropha oil for feeding the CHP engines together with syngas produced from bio-residues. Any extra produced Jatropha oil is used for transportation purposes. Continues growth is possible to cover all of the available area on the island. With infrastructural works like pavement on rough roads more area will be unlocked. Possible growth to 65.000 mTon to 130.000 mTons will result is an oil production of 40000 mTon a year. This amount of oil is attractive to large oil refineries to invest in logistical means to collect the oil from the Island. Electricity business. Electricity is a community utility business. Most of the co-operatives have been erected during the
6 Production method is described with reference to other projects already executed in Honduras, Holland and Africa 7 Price update Januari 2011 8 All templates for financing have been copied into the appropriated places in the document. The complete sheets are available in a separate document
14
1970 to provide power for all of the community. The demand for power in the Philippines is rising, whilst power generation capacity is dropping: saltation of water buffers of hydro, aging diesel power stations and a disfunctional state owned power corporation have caused a power shortage of over 185 MW in the area of Mindanao and more than 63 MW in the non-grid connected areas Whilst efforts are being made to close the gap, until 2018 no major power production will come online in the mentioned areas. The expansion will be provision of electricity for all of the inhabitants for a reasonable prices. Stable electricity supply will also allow for further development of agricultural industries, tourism, giving additional sources of income. Electricity can be expanded to provide power to all of the communities, leaving enough room to double the power consumption with current available unused biomass. Revenues With multiple streams of output there is also a diversified income stream. All the revenues are based on the existence of a long term agreement for off-take of the electricity. As for now the electrical power is taken as the main source of revenue as main input for this production is available: agricultural waste. Costs fuel supply, biomass Jatropha. The price for biomass is coupled with the PPA in a separate annex for the same period as the power supply. Currently the costs connected with the start and maintenance of a Jatropha plantation in the Philippines are estimated a to be 33,000 Pesos ( $750) to 52,000 Pesos ( $ 1181) /ha. This estimate includes the buying of seeds/seedlings with a loan from the bank, so is a costly and risky method for farmers to start producing but the only method currently available. By providing the farmers with the seeds and seedlings for free in the sense of payable in product. The reduced costs for developing 1 hectare will be $ 405 (17856 PHP), labor included. Table below sums up the exact costs. Part of the cost are included in farmers work. The payment will be in the availability of seeds, equipment. These costs are mentioned here and could be attributed as a payment to be made to experts hired, to guide the farmers during the plantations. This method of knowledge spreading is already in place and taken care of by foundations like Save Mindanao Inc. PEPA movement Development co-operation and farmers co-operatives like FOMMCO. Overall costs with this construction has worked out to be a development price in the range of $10-$45/ha
15
Product Jatropha seeds Jatropha seedlings Jatropha nursing Jatropha planting Jatropha maintenance Jatropha transportation Jatropha Export cost Jatropha dehulling Seed storage, local Seed packing for transport Total cost
Price/unit 0.43
Amount 2 0.02 2000 0.02 2000 0.02 2000 4.17 20 0.08 1200 0.05 1200 0.01 1200
Total price. 0.86 40 41.67 40 83.33 100 54 12
Included farmers work Included in freight cost 371.86
Table 2: Instating Jatropha bottom up as inter-crop or on marginal lands Reducing the costs down to zero can be done in conjunction with the electricity generation. Seeds will be made available. The seedlings can be grown at the electricity plant side. Pressing service will be paid for by the electricity power plant. Seed storage and packing will be taken care of by the power plant. Based on the predictions of the seed price for crushing seeds will drop after three years: Large fields are established and do get productive. Testing phase will be over for a lot of factories which do have to produce oil at levels of the fossil fuel price. As to be expected, fuel price will rise to a level of $70-$90/barrel till 2015 and rise to $120-$150/barrel after-wards. This expectation is based on the the current prices it costs to produce oil from tar-sands ( up to $90/barrel) and clean production of synthetic fuels from coal and natural gas. The selling price range for Jatropha oil will be $0.46$0.60 and rising to $0.80 to $1.00/ liter. With production costs ranging from $0.31-$0.42 the production of Jatropha oil from 2015 on will be more profitable. As oil constitutes only 5% of the total biomass being harvested, the other 95% is available for electricity generation: seeds are delivered in fruit shells, press cake is resulting. On average 500 kg oil/ha/year is being harvested now. This results in at least 9000 dry kg/ha/year. This biomass is already taken into account with the seed-price to be paid to the farmers. Cost fuel supply, other biomass As agricultural waste has no value, its value has been set at $12 per dry ton, delivered and $10 per dry ton, picked up. With the assessment made of available biomass in 4 areas, for each area it has been determined that each area of 1000 ha can delivery at least 2MWe to 4 MWe continues power from now available production. Also the delivery and price range for the biomass has been fixed in the terms of the PPA.
Financing.
16
Financing schemes are in a separate spreadsheet documents. Total requirement for financing will be $ 2,800,000 for a currently secured 1 Mwe of power to be delivered. This includes all project costs + startup costs. IRR has been calculated at 26.1%. Total installed power will be 7 MW in installation capacity. Agreed is that all extra power generated will be bought by local co-operatives.
Bukidnon, Damulog, Poco-Poco Production figures Seed for extraction Seed for sale Total seed production Oil production ton Biomass Jatropha ton Coconut ton Wood ton ASW biomass Total biomass ton Ash fertilizer production Electricity MWh
2010 77.6 56 133 26 162 1223 5,000 2,340 8,725 1,221 4,894
2011 336 28 424 111 470 1223 5,000 2,400 9,093 1,273 6,121
2012 452 28 606 149 685 1223 5,000 2,400 9,308 1,303 6,266
2013 548 28 727 181 820 1223 6,000 2,000 10,043 1,406 7,349
2014 663.2 28 873 219 981 1223 7,000 2,500 11,704 1,639 9,380
2015 643.2 20 1047 212 1253 1223 8,000 2,500 12,976 1,817 10,919
2016 653.2 10 1257 216 1562 1223 9,000 2,500 14,285 2,000 12,021
2017 653.2 10 1508 216 1939 1223 7,000 4,000 14,162 1,983 11,917
2018 653.2 10 1810 216 2391 1223 6,500 5,000 15,114 2,116 12,719
2019 658.2 5 2172 217 2932 1223 5,000 6,000 15,155 2,122 12,753
RevenueElectricity Ash fertiliser sales Oil sales Seed sales TOTAL REVENUE Seeds for planting Ignition fluid Buying seeds at 8P Biomass buying Labour Maintenance TOTAL COSTS EBITDA less D&A depreciation amortisation Interest EBIT less tax PAT
884,346 48,858 0 1,520 934,724 55,000 394,143 14,437 102,756 29,400 158,959 754,696 180,028
1,106,032 50,921 0 764 1,157,717 27,500 313,038 62,512 103,476 44,100 158,959 709,585 448,132
1,132,221 52,127 0 764 1,185,112 27,500 271,010 84,093 103,476 52,920 158,959 697,958 487,153
1,327,758 1,694,753 56,239 65,541 0 0 764 764 1,384,761 1,761,058 11,000 204,217 101,953 110,676 52,920 158,959 639,726 9,900 155,585 123,386 128,676 52,920 158,959 629,427
1,972,847 2,171,908 2,153,209 72,663 79,995 79,306 0 0 0 545 273 273 2,046,056 2,252,175 2,232,788 8,910 133,433 119,665 140,676 52,920 158,959 614,563 8,019 122,853 121,526 152,676 52,920 158,959 616,953 7,217 114,899 121,526 146,676 52,920 158,959 602,197
2,298,019 2,304,166 84,640 84,866 0 0 273 136 2,382,931 2,389,169 6,495 91,035 121,526 152,676 52,920 158,959 583,611 5,846 91,035 122,456 146,676 52,920 158,959 577,892
745,035 1,131,631
1,431,493 1,635,222 1,630,591
1,799,320 1,811,277
159,035 168,283 79,747 0 79,747
159,035 192,565 315,055 0 315,055
159,035 206,058 329,232 0 329,232
159,035 193,649 599,522 0 599,522
159,035 176,364 989,876 0 989,876
159,035 193,717
159,035 178,999
159,035 254,961
159,035 158,016
159,035 281,248
1,258,857 1,484,411 1,389,760 0 148,441 138,976
1,630,895 1,486,829 163,090 148,683
1,258,857 1,335,970 1,250,784
1,467,806 1,338,146
capital expenditure Equipment Engineering Total capex FCF FCF 20%
327,318 15,000 342,318 -2,800,000 -162,290
351,601 12,000 363,601 122,490 84,531
365,093 13,000 378,093 123,175 109,060
352,684 6,000 358,684 405,873 386,350
335,399 6,000 341,399 813,512 790,232
352,752 6,000 358,752
338,034 6,000 344,034
413,996 6,000 419,996
317,051 6,000 323,051
440,283 6,000 446,283
1,065,141 1,156,971 995,823 1,072,741 1,142,747 1,071,619
1,309,790 1,056,899 1,313,179 1,216,311
IRR IRR lump sump finance IRR 20/80 IRR 40/60
123.0% 16.86% 21.69% 28.49%
Illustration 1: Financial source model electricity generation from Jatropha
17
THE DEVELOPMENT IMPACT Most economical advance is made into the metro Manilla. There is hardly any industry available in the rural areas. The agricultural goods produced in the rural area are all to be transported to the main cities where processing will take place. This business will establish more industrial activity in the rural area, where the waste products can be directly used: as fertilizer and energy source for home use and industrial activity. Direct economical impact of this business for the rural areas are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Adding a new product to the current range. Providing use for currently unused patches of land for the production of energy crop Providing the rural countryside with energy for transport of the material. Self-sufficient support for fertilizer. Self sufficient support for electricity. Raising efficiency for harvesting from a 10% to a 90% by using bio-residues. Employment in the factories and on farms
Local economic impact of the business

Direct employment in the factories are 9 persons full time for each 400 ha. Factories can process input from 1000 ha maximum. The number of indirect jobs will be 1000 persons at least by the intended scale, mainly farmers who now have a market for the Jatropha seeds available which is owned by the farmers. Other indirect jobs are for transporters (estimated 4), equipment maintenance (5 jobs). With local data a calculation has been made to compare the income for farmers in case with and without Jatropha processing in place.
18
Farmer additional income estimations: 1e year 2e year 3e year Farming activities: Coconut remains $12.00 $12.00 Rice Straw $120.00 $120.00 Rice Husk $0.00 $30.00 Jatropha $0.00 $171.88 Weeds/clearing $64.00 $64.00 Rice Coconut copra Cost: Fertilizer, inorganic Jatropha planting Rice mill 1 ha land program costs Average size land rice Coconut Average income wo J Average income w J $520.83 $100.00 $524.00 $105.00
4e year $12.00 $120.00 $30.00 $275.00 $64.00 $550.20 $110.25 $12.00 $140.00 $35.00 $381.25 $64.00 $577.71 $115.76
5e year $12.00 $150.00 $40.00 $508.33 $64.00 $606.60 $121.55
10e year $12.00 $150.00 $30.00 $566.67 $50.00 $758.24 $151.94
$375.00 $2.50 $20.83 $5.21
$295.63 $1.88 $15.63 $5.21
$280.84 $1.88 $15.31 $5.21
$266.80 $2.50 $15.01 $5.21
$253.46 $2.50 $14.71 $20.84
$316.83 $0.00 $18.38 $0.00
1 4 $515.00 $918.17 24,720.00 PHP 44,072.00 PHP -$127,000.00 5210
1 4
1 4
1 4
1 4 $814.63 $3,258.60 39,102.26 PHP 156,412.98 PHP $288,000.00 0
1 8 $1,638.54 $6,847.87 78,649.97 PHP 328,697.97 PHP $171,600.00 $0.00
Illustration 2: Farmer additional income development, based on rice and coconut with additional Jatropha Local social impact of the businesss products or services For constructing the factory, knowledge is being re-used from previous projects conducted in Central America and Africa. All equipment is to be build locally except for the generators. This does transfer the knowledge of designing, constructing and maintaining the equipment to the local machine factories. When the Jatropha oil is used for automotive transport or generators a number of adoptions are to be made. Local garages can adapt the engines. Using bio-fuels is without doubt a cleaner solution for the environment. When the oil is used as transport fuel, many jeepneys will run cleaner, without so much shoot. Having a small, energy producing factory available, will allow for more industrial activity. As the factory is placed outside, but not far away from a local community, other activities can centre around the pressing facility. Especially waste and other garbage can be transported to the factory where it can be used to generate energy from all types of waste.
Factory Equity in
$625.23 $687.52 $748.95 $1,745.90 $2,220.68 $2,732.11 30,011.04 PHP 33,001.14 PHP 35,949.71 PHP 83,803.04 PHP 106,592.82 PHP 131,141.39 PHP $170,000.00 $320,000.00 $310,000.00 5210 5210 5210
19
Annex 1: Multiple products from one source.

To address the question why this business is producing more than one product, the answer is that biomass is a complex product not only to be used for the production of one economical good. The main goal of the business is to establish a sustainable method for producing bio-energy and bioenergy carriers. The business does not address three different markets, the business is addressing the energy market and enabling the farmers to produce the goods in accordance with the rules set for sustainable biomass for energy. .
Main products
Seeds. The business is starting up in trading in seeds before any factory is present. Currently there is hardly any pressing capability in the Philippines present for this type of material. But the Jatropha seed is already available. Most of the seeds are sold for germination to other countries or local farmers. Oil. The main product. If Jatropha seeds are pressed with a not too high pressure, the oil will be free of contaminations like phosphor. This oil is directly usable as a fuel replacement. Electricity. Electricity is being produced from bio-waste materials which are collected during dehulling and pressing. Electricity is generated through so called dual-fuel engines (engines capable running on 2 types of fuel at the same time). As extra input coconut husk, rice straw, maize stalks, corn stoves, wood waste and rice husk is being applied as well. Fertilizer. A well know technique for creating new farmland is burning down the fields or wood. The ashes are good fertilizer, the seeds of weeds are destroyed. Through gasification the same principle is used to create the ashes without the need to burn down the fields. Only the left-over material is to be converted. Also weed extracted from the fields can be offered to be gasified, effectively removing the source of unwanted material in the fields radically.
Products used for electricity generation

Hulls. A product directly resulting from de-hulling the seeds is a bio-residue with a low energy content. This mass should be dried and converted by gasification into an energy source and fertilizer ash. The cooled down ash, mixed with composted materials is an excellent fertilizer. Press cake. When pressing seeds for oil, about 75% of the fruit is a biomass waste with relative high oil content. One can use this material for insect repellent, fertilizer or, when pressed into pellets for fuel in stoves. In this business the press cake is to be used as a fuel to the gasification process. With the charcoal burners still in use on the rural country side, pelleting would be a good product. Sediment. The oil will be contaminated with solid particles > 5 micrometer, making it unusable for transportation fuel. Sedimentation by gravity and filtering will remove these particles. The left over sediment is a high-energy value solid fuel, to be added to the gasification installation. Biomass. In inter cropped coconut farms there is an abundance of weed clearing and coconuts husk available. Other types of available bio-residues are rice straw, rice husk, maize stalks and wood 20
scraps, wood waste from clearings. Palm plantations are nowadays setup as small estates, ranging from 40 ha to 100 ha with in between border crop to prevent the spread of diseases to large areas. Jatropha is an excellent border crop as it will not reach high heights, taking away sunlight from palm oil crop. In coconut plantations or in mature, wide designed palm oil, Jatropha can be intercropped as a secondary layer of growth at the level of 2m to 4 m height.
21
Side products from electricity generation.

Ashes. Gasification of carbon-holding material like biomass is like an extended charcoal process. Within the charcoal process the gases are being burnt to supply the heat for the carbonization process of wood or coconut shells. Gasification also does burn the charcoal into a gaseous format, to be fed to a combined heat /power engine. What is left are the Nitrates, Phosphates and other nonburnable mineral components in the plant materials: the fertilizer. Ashes mixed with organic compost is a easy to apply and excellent fertilizer: it does contain the correct mix of minerals for producing fruits to the tree. Additional material for growing will be water and carbon-dioxide. Current research of December 2011 has shown that Jatropha seed cake, applied in medium amounts to vegetables do produce, for some plants, even more harvest than with fully applied artificial fertilizers. Ongoing research on oil palm has shown that converted EFB is an excellent source for K to induce fruiting of several different fruiting types
22
Annex 2: Cooperate structure.

The basis of success is in the co-operation with the farmers producing the goods. Currently the amount of biomass can not fulfill all the energy needs required. Customers must ensure the delivery of goods for a long period. Therefore the main investors are the customers themselves, investing in deliverance insurance for a contracted prices. These customers are represented in the company through holding shares. To protect the interest for the farmers, they do hold shares in the company. Any profit made by the company will be rewarded to the farmers as well. For the customer therefore it is indifferent where the profit will be made: when a high price is being paid for the goods the company will make a high profit. This profit will be returned to the customer as dividend. The farmers will be paid a dividend according to the amount they are taking part in the company. Because the company is replacing all the in-between operators in this operation, like freighters, inbetween traders and so on, a lot of fees can be saved. Although being a local Philippines firm the company is protecting the interest of the investors/customers through the preference shares. These shares do have control on all assets. Grarado Green energy is an official registered company with the SEC in the Philippines, all business permits are present and paid since 2009.
23
Annex 3. Available biomass as reported for Damulog area.

Summary based on researched items specifically applied for the area of the municipality of Damulog, Bukidnon, Region X, Mindanao.
Electricity production from biomass calculation:

This is the simple representation of a lot of calculations made for assessing the amount of available biomass . As selected areas are subjected to a climate region of almost constant rainfall, the researched figures will be equally eligible for other parts of the Philippines with the same climate zones.
Coconut biomass
Every 1.5 kg of biomass containing no more than 10% of water is capable of generating 1kWh of power. Every hectare of coconut is producing on average 800 kg of copra/year, which is 15% of the total biomass on the plot. In total a coconut plantation will produce 4500 kg/year, representing 3000 kWh.
Rice biomass
Rice fields do produce about 2 to 3 tons/hectare of palay. 25% of the weight is husks. Of the total weight of the harvested product, 150% of the weight is in the (dried) straw. In total every ha of rice will therefor produce 7500 kg of bio waste representing 3230 kWh of electrical power.
Jatropha biomass.
Jatropha is an additional crop, to be grown in areas between the coconut plantations, non-used lands which has been cleared, exhausted areas to be revived again etc. With additional Jatropha the seeds alone will bring in at least 600 kg to 1500 kg from every inter-cropped plantation. After extraction of the oil (23%-30%) the meal contains high energy fats and 40% carbon. 1 ha will return 360-1440 kg of high energy value meal (no water) representing 360 to 1440 kWh of power. Next to the seedcake there are the fruit-hulls and pruning results. In total of the harvest the seed contain only 20% of the actual harvested biomass. The total biomass therefor gives rise to a 1800 kWh/ha to 7200kWh/ha.
24
Maize corn cobs, maize stalks.

Maize wil deliver on average 3 tons of fruits/ha from about 2500 kg will result as bio-waste. Stalks are normally left in the field but harvested like rice straw they constitute another 3000 kg of biomass. In total a 5500 kg of biomass is available each harvest given a power production of each ha of 1571 kWh/ha/harvest.
Logging waste.
On average 2.7 tons of logging waste is left in the field. This will represent 1800 kWh/ha.
Clearing and maintenance of lands.

Any type of woody biomass resulting from lands can be used. By total harvesting methods for land clearing on average 7000 kg will be available. Grasses included. With normal maintenance on average 2500 kg can be harvested from well maintained areas. Representing a 714 kWh/ha. Product Coconut husk Brought to factory Retrieved from land < 10 km Retrieved from land > 10 km Rice husk Retrieved from nearby ricemill P 1.1 _Retrieved from ricemill Processing costs Coconut husk Breaker, gasifying, generating, labour costs. _Rice husk Total costs P 2.3 P 2.1 US$ 10/1000 kg US$ 7.50/1000 kg P 1.4 P 2.3 P 2.37 US$ 15/1000 kg US$ 15/1000 kg US$ 10/1000 kg Price/per unit kWh Price/per weight
P 2.4 P 4.0 P 5.0/kWh
Table 3: Fuel price component for different biomass streams, including hauling
25
With the calculation methods applied on the agricultural data supplied the following 640 ha corn, 1571*640*2 = 2,001,280 kWh. 420 ha rice, 3220*420*2 = 2,804,800 kWh. 24 ha Jatropha, 7200 * 24 = 172,800 kWh. Collected figures for other 4 Barangays: 374 ha Corn, 374*1571*2 = 1,175,108 kWh 229 ha Rice, 229*3220*2 = 1,474,760 kWh 108 ha coconut, 108*3000 = 324,000 kWh The total available power to be produced from these (incomplete) agricultural waste figures surmount to a total of 7,952,748 kWh, enough to drive a constant load of about 907 kW of installed capacity. As 24 ha of reported Jatropha does produce about 12 tons of oil, representing 45,100 kWh, this is not enough to fulfill the requirements for the ignition fuel: it will supply for only 300,666 kWh of combined fuel. A 150 ha is available but not reported. This amount could supply for 1,879,000 kWh at this moment. Extension to minimal 400 ha is required to have enough liquid fuel available for ignition purposes. Currently a 250 ha has been planted. As research has shown that side products of Jatropha can enhance productivity of other materials (inclusive additional biomass-residues) up to 40%, it is expected that existing lands can delivery already more than 10,000,000 kWh after the first year of operation.
Technical feasibility. As reasoned the application of small-gasifiers with internal combustion engines in groups of 3 are fully feasible to conform to environmental regulations and the grid code. Environmental the system surpasses the requirements as set for diesel-fueled according to the CDM rules with more than 50% to 90% with emissions. Application of containerized elements reduces any noise below the level normally acceptable in housing areas. Due to the nature of generation, at night the level is further reduced as power requirements at night will be much lower, no preparing of biomass-residues is necessary.
26
Annex 4. Available biomass as reported for Butuan city area

Electricity production from biomass calculation:
This is the simple representation of a lot of calculations made for assessing the amount of available biomass . As selected areas are subjected to a climate region of almost constant rainfall, the researched figures will be equally eligible for other parts of the Philippines with the same climate zones.
Waste from wood industry

Every 1.5 kg of biomass containing no more than 10% of water is capable of generating 1kWh of power. Availability of the woods from 1 saw mill only is about 15 tons/day. Next to the proposed area a new sawmill is being erected. The area is close to the river where a lot of biomass can be gathered. Downwards the river about 15 to 30 sawmills are operational. Each of them having about 2 to 3 tons/day of waste available.
Jatropha biomass.
Jatropha is an additional crop, to be grown in areas between the coconut plantations, nonused lands which has been cleared, exhausted areas to be revived again etc. With additional Jatropha the seeds alone will bring in at least 600 kg to 1500 kg from every inter-cropped plantation. After extraction of the oil (23%-30%) the meal contains high energy fats and 40% carbon. 1 ha will return 360-1440 kg of high energy value meal (no water) representing 360 to 1440 kWh of power. Next to the seed cake there are the fruit hulls and pruning results. In total of the harvest the seed contain only 20% of the actual harvested biomass. The total biomass therefor gives rise to a 1800 kWh/ha to 7200kWh/ha.
Logging waste.
On average 2.7 tons of logging waste is left in the field. This will represent 1800 kWh/ha. As for Butuan city, a lot of the waste ends up in the river, collected in vortex streams of the river, together with water hyacinth. Hard to make estimate of the amount dropped in the river as officially it is not allowed to dump the material in the river.
27
With the calculation methods applied supplied the following 600 ha Jatropha, First year, 3600 * 600 = 1.080.000 kWh. Sawmill, Wood industry waste, 15 tons day/1.5 * 300 * 1000= 3,000,000 kWh The total available power to be produced from these agricultural waste figures surmount to a total of 4,080,000 kWh, enough to drive a constant load of about 408 kW of installed capacity. As the first year Jatropha does currently produce just 160 kg/oil/ha over an area of 600 ha, t representing 2.346,460 kWh if used for ignition fuel. The second and following year will supply already enough oil to run the plant as supposed: the minimum requirement is 400 ha.
28
Annex 5: Production method of the Jatropha products.

Jatropha growing. The production method used are already established in the Philippines. There are a number of nursery available. The company is producing seedlings in a local owned nursery (owned by M. Arado) for reproduction of the best species found in current available Jatropha plantations. Multiple methods are used: from seeds and from cuttings. Cuttings do have the advantage that those can be placed in the field right away. Seeds do have the advantage the best seeds can be collected anywhere on the island and will give more than 4000 seeds on a good plant. About 40 to 80 seed fruits are available on these 2 year old trees. Planting of seeds is done in PE container bags. One person can do 500 seeds a week. After 3 weeks the seedlings are
Illustration 3: Fruit sample of a young Jatropha tree in Marinduque ready to be planted in the field. Especially on unused areas one can better plant seedlings to give the plant a better chance to survive the first 2 years.
Production area.
For the production of the Jatropha currently unused land is being planted and the Jatropha is planted as an inter-crop between coconut trees. Many coconut farms are not replanted and the age of the trees is about 60 to 70 years. Production is dropping due to the age of the coconut trees. These older coconut plantations do have enough space to grow banana plants and other short rotation crop. Illustration 4: Selected fruits of the Jatropha As most coconut plantations are on sloped areas, for germination daily visit to the plantations is difficult. Secondly most hillside plantations are not protected against 29
animal wanderings: vegetables will be eaten. Jatropha as an inter-crop plant would be ideal as the plant is not eaten by animals.
For pressing oil the seeds are collected when the fruits turns dark:
Illustration 5: Branches selected for the cuttings to grow
Illustration 6: Dark ripe fruit, good for oil pressing.
Planting seeds in plastic bags will give better and stronger trees but are slower in cultivation.
Illustration 7: Grow Jatropha from cuttings and seeds 30
Jatropha storage.
Jatropha seeds can dried and stored in plastic bags. Because most Jatropha is to be locally grown, seeds for growing are not being dried, but collected and put to immediate use for seedlings. Seeds to be exported are to be dried in a shaded area (UV will reduce germination quality). Seeds to be used for oil production can be dried in full sun on a concrete flat area. Further storage is in 20 seacontainers, loaded up to 15 tons and shipped out every month.
Economics of the growing model.

Instead of pursuing the establishment of large mono-cultural plantations of Jatropha, Grarado is using the Jatropha as a main inter-crop and as a source of biomass from fallow lands. Specifically the Jathropa is well suited to be planted in areas with little nutrients. Yield of such plants in terms of seed production- will not be massive, but that was not to be expected from a plant which is in essence still a non-domesticated plant.
Illustration 8: After soaking the seeds for 12 hours, the seeds are put in a plastic bag to grow Basic feature of the model is engagement of the local farmers and landowners in the growing 31
process of the Jatropha. Grarado is not pursuing the growth of plants, the planting of plants or creating employment as a first cause. It is pursuing the products of the tree for a period of 50 years. It is up to the farmers to produce as much as possible withing the limitations of the plant. Assistance to farmers will be in kind, not in money. No planting fees, maintenance fees or land lease fees, only production fees with a share in profit from the added value services produced in the factory. As the main interesting product for export is the oil from the Jatropha, its seeds will be valued high to stimulate farmers to produce as much as possible seed and maintain their crop.
Electricity from bio mass.

The electricity generated is to be fed to the grid. The generators are to be driven by Jatropha oil (7%-25%) and gasified biomass. (75%-93%). The energy is to be delivered to the local grid and or nearby industries requiring a reliable, continues source of power (airfields, hospitals, commercial centers). In line with the electrical grid on the Philippines, low voltage powered energy is fed to the grid. On most islands there is no high voltage net present for coupling higher power to the grid. Installed power at a factory will be starting at 10000 kW growing to an installed power base of 2 MW at most. Factory layout. A schematic layout is being shown. Explicit details on request.
Illustration 9: Processing facility 32
Sample use factory.

Initially the hall is used to select, press and store seeds and oil in different compartments. Additionally the hall can be used to produce any type of good. Seeds to be used for germination need to stored dried or cooled to a temperature below 10 degrees Celsius. A simple isolate room with with adsorption cooling can provide the cooling. Adsorption cooling is used because that can be driven by heat alone.
33
Annex 6: Project planning, pilot plant.

Planning 6-2009 Grarado Green Energy Establishing Operational Farming Agreements 100ha Agreements 200ha Agreements 300ha Agreements 400ha Agreements 500ha Agreements additional Planting Harvesting existing 60 ha Factory Generator gasifier press oil sales seed sales electricity sales 7-2009 8-2009 9-2009 10-2009 11-2009 12-2009 1-2010 2-2010 3-2010 4-2010 5-2010 6-2010 9-2010 12-2010 3-2011 6-2011 9-2011 12-2011 3-2012 6-2012 9-2012 12-2012
Illustration 10: Initial planning 'greenfield' type of operation
34
Annex 7: Short bio Ger Groeneveld.
35
Ger Groeneveld
Skelte van Aysmastrjitte 22 / 8744 EP Schettens, block 17, lot 19, San Esteban Street, Metrocor Homes B, Talon 5, Las Pinas +31626160702, +639169494501, +63-2-800-5864 / E-mail: gergroeneveld@gmail.com
Curriculum vitae
Personal Name: Date of birth/ Place of Birth: Gerrit Jan Groeneveld, Ger 8 juni 1959, Deventer
Status:
Nationality:
Married
Dutch, located in Philippines
Education 2003-2004 Teaching degrees Mathematics, Physics and Informatics for Dutch High school system.. 1978-1986 Studying Technical Physics at the University of Groningen Special material science, informatics, Ms Degree. 1978 High school
Professional experience November 2008-current December 2008-February 2009 November 2008: march 2008- October 2008: data volume Renewable energy entrepreneur in the Philippines. See energy projects Expert system analyst in analyzing and advising for build of 10.000 sqm data-center. Expert mission Mozambique for adaption engines running on cotton oil Design and re-development mathematical library for use in market research (high Internet collected data.
36
Augustus 2008: September 2007-February 2008 (Austria) and January 2007-June 2007: May 2007 transfer of September 2006-current alternative energy, 2005-current system 2004-2005: Dutch 2003-2004 Python. 1999-current for systems 1999-2002: for ICU 1989-1999 implementation of automation equipment. 1989 1986-1989
Expert developing project for production of bio-diesel in Honduras. Programmer developer for airfield control software (in Java/Python) in Vienna Sao Paulo (Brasil) Teacher Informatics. Teaching design techniques (OOP, UML) and PHP. Freelance task for designing a wireless payment system on a phone by near field (encrypted) data. Entrepreneur in greenhouse growing of tropical plants, plant systems, use of builder of alternative computer control systems. Entrepreneur for computer controlled process automation for energy generation
Computer annalist, designer and programmer for implementing HL7 protocol for government institution. Mobile phone applications design and programming in Java, C (hardware) and Maintainer and owner of website software and hardware. Maintenance of large (C and DEKO) written real-time process control applications constructed during the period 1989-1999 with Promacon System-analyst/programmer/project leader with Marek IT b.v. Specialist in software (Intensive Care Units hospitals). System annalist-programmer-project leader with Promacon bv. Design, hardware and software for computer controlled process
Research Programmer Ultra sonic research (Pascal, C, Unix systems). Research programmer with Shell laboratory (KSLA), Amsterdam.
Energy Projects FIBECO 1
Achievements
year
Concluded PPA for 5 Mwe for the delivery of 2-3 power 2009stations of 1-2 Mwe with as fuel biomass and Jatropha current materials from 5000 ha Jatropha. Additional agri-waste from rice, logging industry maize and organic materials fro local landfill are available. Current implementing first 1.5 Mwe initial power plant. Revenues estimated $6.4 M/year, 20 years. Project costs first 1 Mwe $2.8 M, total project costs $11M, IRR initial phase 18%, extended phase 33% Installation of several power plants for the production of 10 Mwe continues power in a 10 years contract. Fuel biomass waste from wood industry, implemented as partial co2010current
ANECO
37
generation and regulating power plants. Feasibility studies completed. Letter of Intent power distributor and initial contract for 3 Mwe peak power delivery at $0.22/kWh. Potential short term power delivery for 30 MW. Project costs $6 M/3MW. Revenues $3.3 M/year @ 65% load, IRR 33.2% ASELCO Installation of 3 1 Mwe power plants with as fuel Jatropha 2010waste. Plantations of Jatropha established in 1 municipality in current 43 areas for a total of 1500 ha in intercropped style. Establishment of 10.000+ ha of palm oil for the production of 2011estimate 500.000 ton of CPO/year and 20 Mwe additional current power from biomass waste from area. Integrated system with multiple palm oil mills. Project costs survey state (April 2012) $700,000 total project costs $ 35 M duration 7 years, IRR 24% base case. 2 grass drying facilities remote control installation Complete overhaul steam production and hardening system, reduction of energy use up to 18%, production increase 20% Complete automation of drying installation, installation control room, Automation control of 2x1 Mwe installation, reuse of exhaust gas 1995 1996 1990, 1994 1996, 1998, 2002,2005, 2008 2004
PEPA
Grass-dryers/ fodder industry Automation project Vogelenzang Automation project Hartog
Automation project 't Anker Hardewijk
Split hardening system, new piping system, new steam valves 1997 Replacement of process controller, instead of 20.000 for a complete new system, a 5.000 Euro replacement unit will enable to use the system a 10 years more Replacement of process controller, instead of a 60.000 Euro replacement a 15.000 Euro replacement was achieved for an extension of operation of 10 years Greenhouse operator, generating energy from renewables, production biodiesel. 1,100,000 Euro project for complete processing facilities of Jatropha seed and plantations established 700 hectares
Futtertrocken Erkheim
2005
VOF Tulsi Gotta Verde, Honduras Grarado Green Energy
2006current 2006-2009
Renewable energy generation from bio-residues, establishing 2008plantations of Jatropha 1500 ha so-far, 20,000 ha planting area current available
Specific computer programming projects (as freelancer): 38
May 2004/September 2004: RiVM (Ministry of Health, Environment Netherlands). Database program for registering/monitoring and investigating epidemic disease. January 2005/June 2005: ROC. Teaching programming course at college. September 2005: PayPhone. J2ME (Java for Mobile) utility to pay by mobile phone. September 2006/February 2007: Airfield system programming for Frequentis in Vienna and Sao Paulo, mostly Java and Python programming. March 2008/August 2008: Survey analysis software for marketing firm Daphne. Mostly C, C++ and interfacing to PHP. In between periods filled with programming for clients from the past in home brew language DEKO, writing Java application FindByPhone for mobile phones.
Experience in computer subjects: Computer related types Max-min numbers of years experience 16-2
processors
Alpha, i386,i486,Pentium Pro, Pentium II/III, Z80, 6502, 6809,8501,68HC07, Fujitsu embedded, PIC embedded, 8051 Flex, UniFlex, Linux 2.2.12 tot 2.6.27, Minix, Xinu,MS-Dos, FreeDos, Windows NT 4/2000/XP/Vista, VAX VMS, PDPUnix,HP-UX. Real-time OS systems. OS-9, RT-Pascal. Novell, Windows NT4.0 server, Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2003 server,Unix,Linux. TCP/IP, UDP, SPX/IPX, VPN, Ipv4/IPv6, VCN DataFlex, MS-Access, MySQL, Oracale 8i, DB2, Postgress,Interbase Apache, Samba, Mars, Qmail, DNS bind, WebAdmin, CUPS C, C++, Pascal, Modula-2, Assembly 6502, 6809, 68xxx, Java, DEKO, SIL, DataFlex, Fortran, Perl, PHP (3-5), Python, StarBasic UML, XML, WDML, XSLT, CSS, EXPRESS, SOAP,
Operating systems
24-2
Network OS
19-4
Network protocols Databasesystems
18-3 21-1
Serversystems Computer languages
9-1 31-3
Design
HL7
39
Computer related
types
Max-min numbers of years experience
IDEs
Kdeveloper, Netbeans, Quanta, Unix command line., Dreamweaver, NukePHP, Zend, Eclipse (CDT, Java en PHP incl profiler, debugger en testomgevingen PHPTest. CUNIT en JUNIT), CVS, SVN (SubVersion), Mantis, Tracs, Wiki, Ajax, XPPP, Hybernate, Spring, Struts.
16-1
Office
MS-Office '97, XP, OpenOffice (1.0.1 t/m 3.0) Argo UML, Umbrello UML Yourdon, VDM, Dijkstra/Gries,STEP, Rational Rose UML Sound editing (Studio 2000), Film editing (Kino), Simulation programming (project dependent) 9-1
5-1
Design IDEs
Others
Others
Languages: Dutch (native speaker); English (very well); Frisian (understand); German (reasonable); French (will do), Spanish (will do), Tagalog ( Just started to learn). Driver license: Motor bike, Car, Small truck up to 7 tons. Las Pinas, Jan 3, 2012
40
Annex 8: References feasibility studies.

For entering power business a number of feasibility studies have been conducted to determine the viability of the plans. Lots of information have been collected and tested in due cause in the line of work of Ger Groeneveld during the period from 1986 on.
Conclusions feasibility studies

There have been three main fields assessed in conjunction with power generation business 1. Agricultural, 2. Technical 3. Economical Conclusion for agricultural feasibility is that amounts of biomass residues present from agricultural crops is enough to provide 300% to 400% of the needed fuel materials. In areas where agriculture is severely hindered by lack of fertilizer, depleted grounds, special energy crops can be grown providing enough mass to run a power plant. The power plant will provide a much needed market capable of buying the agricultural products in small amounts for fair prices. Conclusion for technical feasibility is that small systems from 600 kWe up to 2 Mwe per location are the most efficient system to implement in rural area through systems composed of at least 3 elements of minimal 200 kW e each. This will provided the most reliable energy provision for areas. Systems can be fully maintained by local staff when constructed as containerized elements. Replacement and extension is easy if ever the need does arise. Conclusion for economical feasibility is that power from biomass can be delivered at rates between Php 7.95 and Php 8.31 per kWh provided the minimum load factor will be averaging between 85% and 65%, a power delivery contract has a duration of minimal 10 years and a minimum quantity of 7,000,000 kWh per year. It is also the conclusion that the effective price for power, generated in the area is on par with the current generation price when current unused biomass-residues are valuated, providing extra income for the same consumers of electricity. Including additional effects as savings on distribution costs, savings on enhancement of overhead lines for the extra power etc. The effective sales price will be in the range of PhP 6.80 to Php 7.21 per kW in case of biomass-residues alone and lowered to PhP 5.1 to Php 5.5 per kWh with some form of small scale energy plantations ongoing.
Notes and references to conclusions
Agricultural Agricultural is a field which is important as the fuel for the power plant is biomass residues and 41
special energy crop grown in a sustainable way9. Preferred is that biomass residues is also obtained from sustainable grown crops10, be it food crop or cash crop, ranging as wide from palm oil residues, rice residues to sawdust from timber factories and paper fabrication. In general residues not easy to convert to a liquid fuel like ethanol. For special energy crop it has Jatropha11 12or Tubatuba has been chosen due to a number of advantages13 like fast growing, not susceptible to disease14, can grow15 on marginal, depleted lands and on relative steep lands. Its fruits are easy to harvest, can withstand reasonable damage and do contain relative high diesel-fuel16 like oil content. Furthermore Jatropha was re-introduced as a kind of cash crop during 1996 in Nicaragua for smallholder, subsistence farmers, trying to get a living from very poor salinated, soils17. However most, also this model, has proven not to be viable for up scaling in a classical large plantation size as no infrastructure was present, small-holders in general are not equipped to handle large scale plantations. Current surviving plantations are all based on small-holder plantations18, combined in one or more co-operative schemes, delivering oil to the market. Production potential of oil from Jatropha is well known19 and also widely varying per hectare. With extraction rates between 20% and 33% the amount of oil per ha of mature Jatropha can vary between 500 kg and 1500 kg under average conditions.
9 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/2011-12_Jatropha_Lessons_Learned[1]-fin.pdf a conclusive report of the use of Jatropha in Mali, Mozambique and Honduras. 10 As reference for definition of sustainable growth /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/SustainableFarmingCriteria.html, Dutch criteria known under NTA 8080 (copyright) provide detail basic description of all condition before EU considers a crop to be sustainable grown. /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/nta8080.pdf 11 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/Heller1996Jatropha.pdf , Basic description of the plant and its features. Specific details about diseases in /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/JatrophaBugs.pdf 12 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/claims.pdf, an assesment of the real potentials of Jatropha has been reported. There were reported claims of production that were very doubtfull. This report straighten out most of claims 13 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/Cultar.pdf. Cultivating, /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/D13 - Seed improvement manual_ES.pdf from trails in Honduras to get most promising types of Jatropha, planting the most economical way. 14 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/JatrophaBugs.pdf, includes diseases and organic solutions as well. 15 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/Standing Biomass Nutrient value.pdf, except oil perinal trees do add value to the soil mechanics to a greater depth than grasses and the like. /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/Nutrient Recycling and Residue Management during Replanting.pdf as example of reviving plantations in which standing biomass is re-used to provide nutrients. Jatropha will and can supply nutrients for any type of crop, despite original land may be depleted to a very low state. 16 Link to be provided, test report quality jatropha oil as a fuel for use in generators, detailled info in /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/technical/Lister500HoursTest(2).pdf 17 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/D05b - Public Final Report - Discovering New Oilfields.pdf as conducted in Honduras based on experiences in Nicaragua. 18 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/economics/FAO-PISCES Case Studies Final Report 020409.pdf. Different demo projects conducted under supervision of FAO. Viability has been proven, size of demo projects needed enlargment to be economical viable. 19 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/jatgens.pdf,/home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/CULTIVATION AND USE OF JATROPHA FOR BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION IN INDIA.PDF as two examples of the use of jatropha as source for electrical generation.
42
Based on experiences in the Philippines20 and abroad, an average size of 450 ha of Tuba-tuba is needed to run an one Megawatt output electrical plant. Areas available in the Philippines21 are chosen with the possibility to grow at least a equivalent of a 450 hectare of Jatropha. As Jatropha can grow as an intercrop, enhancing output of other crop by applying seed cake of tuba-tuba to the soil. Especially good result have been reported for tomatoes, maize22. Technical Power generation from biomass is an old and proven technology23, often applied in rural areas with no access to fossil fuels. Burning vegetable oil in diesel type like engines has not resulted in damage to equipment24, in fact it is a better fuel than most lower grade diesel fuels like IMO 180 (low sulfur bunker fuel)25. Mixing in a secondary, low grade gaseous fuel does improve burning characteristics and lowers emissions26 as gaseous fuel does not need to evaporate. Lean burning engines can replace up to 50% of the air27 with gaseous fuel of the same pressure, depending on the caloric value of the gas. This gaseous fuel is derived from the biomass through a process known as low temperature pyrolysis, also known as gasification28. The resulting gas has typical a burning value of 5 to 7 MJ/kg. When injected with high pressure, of at least four times the inlet manifold pressure, it can be shown that the total energy content is equal or higher than for a single fuel. This principle has been used in charging diesel engines for extra power with propane. Gasification systems have been extensively research during different times in history, with different obje29ctives but all based on a shortage of fossil fuels. During the 1920-1930, the availability of oil become low. Gasification was already applied for production of city-gas but in this case the application were automotive. Research led to relative small, transportable units with moderate
20 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/2010-06-01_GTZ_Study_data.xls. Data used by (now) GiZ to estimate and compare Jatropha production. Authors own investigation are incorporated into business model mentioned above. 21 Specifically areas in Bukidnon and Caraga are available, Pictures of area referred here are for Bukidnon. Detailed maps of NIRA have been used to compile these pictures:/home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/BiofuelsSanFernando.jpeg,/home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/BiofuelsDamulog.jpeg, 22 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/agri/2012 Srinophakun on Jc cake as fertilizer(2).pdf, Recently received. Intercropping and reuse of seed cake is still on trail in Honduras where many more types of plants have been fed with remainders of seed cake. 23 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/technical/Gasification whitepaper.pdf, 24 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/technical/Gasifier Study-2-125.pdf , /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/technical/Gasifier-250K.W.pdf, /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/technical/Lister500HoursTest(2).pdf ,/home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/technical/DOE Gasification Program Overview 2010 01-25 v1v.pdf 25 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/technical/MARINE FUEL OIL type RME 180 (IFO 180).pdf 26 /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study collection/18-IFFN-31-Emissions.pdf 27 Caloric value relates to amount of air as 1 : Eth/7, 1 liter of air is required for 1 liter of 7MJ/kg fuel, Eth is thermal energy value of the gaseous fuel 28 Gasifier white paper, general overview /home/ger/Documents/Grarado/BPIDocs/feasibilty study
collection/technical/Gasification whitepaper.pdf
29 Research comprimises about 2500 titles, available and mentioned in Knauss, State of Art in gasification technolgy, Gasification in developing countries etc.
43
reaction time on demand. The Imbert gasifier was one of the most successful ones. Efficiency and response was reasonable satisfactory for car applications, but ended after just about all forest was cleared. The second period started in the 1970 till 1980, again due to oil shortage. This time research was mainly concentrating on providing high end gasifiers for use on trucks and other larger engines. After the oil shortage period, lot of the effort was directed to produce cheaper and easy to operate system which could be constructed from local available materials. Especially in countries with lots of available biomass rice husk for example, have set up extensive programs30. However gasification is for 90% a question of the right fuel with minimal but correct maintenance. Two ways do exist to handle: select a specific kind of biomass fuel and use it in an optimized model or upgrade the technology to handle any type of fuel which does contain carbon. The first one is the least-cost method and selection of a single fuel will be the sensitive factor. The second one requires high cost installations, complicated process-control and sensitive to different load factors. The first method is therefore limited to smaller installations, each handling a different type of fuel. The devices do operate at relative low temperatures to obtain maximal efficiency in the gas stream and preventing emission of non-burnable toxic gases formed at high temperatures. Secondly the lower temperatures do not require high costs materials. Fuel price is rather unimportant if it can be guaranteed to be of constant quality. Most of the fuel costs will be in the preparation and selection of the feedstock. The high tech gasifiers of large size can run on just about everything, but costs are often so immense that the fuel should be acquired for almost free, or better, being paid for to be processed. As the installation is rather sensitive to different loads, minimal sizes requirement do hold, for fuel delivery, 40 to 80 tons per day and generation size. Starting at 5 MW to 10 MW. Smallest existing model is about 20 MW for that type of installations. Economical. No doubt that there is a shortage of reliable power in the rural areas. Not having availability of a reliable source of power makes achieving economical progress very difficult as any type of industry has to provide its own source of back-up power. These added costs together with already relative high levels of energy makes it virtually impossible to improve on economics of businesses. Another source of power, any price below emergency power can elevate the situation31. The market for the product electricity is present and large. To provide the electricity to that market, renewable fuel should be acquired as dwindling resources of fossil fuel can not provide in cheap and enough volume anymore. Local available source biomass is present, but with biomass and its relative low energy density per kg makes its price very sensitive to logistics: The costs of obtaining and transporting the biomass-residues is high32. The resource of the fuel should be densified as much as possible on the spot. Electricity production in small quantities is considered expensive mainly due to large base costs for any project33. If however items used are produced in large
30 Specifically India and Vietnam. India has about 75 small-scale installations, up to 75 kWe, Vietnam has the potential for producing more than 200 Mwe fromrice-husk, currently 60 Mwe is implemented in areas of large rice production. 31 Current situation in Mindanao can be checked upon in recent reports of DoE. 32 Although the processing of the waste is most of the time into the harvesting costs already. Transport of residues should be actually free. As reference the tipping fee is taken as the true logistic costs of all residues. This would result in a power price contribution of P 1.58/kWh, including value of fuel. With biomass fuel around a value of 1.1, leaves 0.4 for the logistical. Actual calculation of power prices take 0.6 into account. 33 A detailed split-up in total project csts and resulting power-price is in
44
quantities, projects are repeated in nearby similar areas, the base costs can be reduced to levels below that of larger power plants. With the distribution of power generation the reliability will be improved to levels surpassing the ones from larger power plants. Application of modern computer technology will remove the necessity of having personnel monitoring generation equipment . Those costs can be moved to monitoring the acquisition of good quality fuel. In great detail the economical parameters have been researched34. A company has been setup as a intermediate result of the feasibility study. The setup of the company is such that its operating structure will make use of as much existing structures as currently is present, eliminating the uncertainties if results of the feasibility study can be implemented.
/home/ger/Documents/Grarado/Presentation/ERCpresentation.pdf, 34 See previous footnote documentation
45
Agronomical references feasibility study
46
Agronomic references feasibility study
Agronomic
47
Technical
48
Economical
49

GRARADOBussinessV2 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

GRARADOBussinessV2 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

GRARADO Green Energy A business plan for A real no waste company

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Electricity sales and generation possibilities.

Size of market for electricity.

Selection of additional biomass.

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Local economical improvement.

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Additional co-generation from biomass

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Bio-residues as source for fertilizer and electrical energy:

Source for biomass for energy and oil:

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

People involved in the business.

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

taken place on Marinduque and on different parts on Mindanao.

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Addressing the markets.

Strategic business partners.

Price and cost for products and services.

Table 1: Sales prices estimated of Jatropha related products

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Turn-over and profit development8.

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Total price. 0.86 40 41.67 40 83.33 100 54 12

Included farmers work Included in freight cost 371.86

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

1,431,493 1,635,222 1,630,591

159,035 168,283 79,747 0 79,747

159,035 192,565 315,055 0 315,055

159,035 206,058 329,232 0 329,232

159,035 193,649 599,522 0 599,522

159,035 176,364 989,876 0 989,876

1,258,857 1,484,411 1,389,760 0 148,441 138,976

1,630,895 1,486,829 163,090 148,683

1,258,857 1,335,970 1,250,784

capital expenditure Equipment Engineering Total capex FCF FCF 20%

327,318 15,000 342,318 -2,800,000 -162,290

351,601 12,000 363,601 122,490 84,531

365,093 13,000 378,093 123,175 109,060

352,684 6,000 358,684 405,873 386,350

335,399 6,000 341,399 813,512 790,232

352,752 6,000 358,752

338,034 6,000 344,034

413,996 6,000 419,996

317,051 6,000 323,051

440,283 6,000 446,283

1,065,141 1,156,971 995,823 1,072,741 1,142,747 1,071,619

1,309,790 1,056,899 1,313,179 1,216,311

IRR IRR lump sump finance IRR 20/80 IRR 40/60

123.0% 16.86% 21.69% 28.49%

Illustration 1: Financial source model electricity generation from Jatropha

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc

Local economic impact of the business

Confidential, do not distribute without prior consent of GRARADO Green Energy,Inc