Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Renewables 69%
Source: http://www.cdmpipeline.org/
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Reduced Emissions Reduced Air Pollu-on Levels Reduced Exposure to Air Pollu-on Reduced Health Impacts Reduced Expenses for AP related illnesses
=
Incremental
Costs
of
Interven8on
Measures
Simplified Approach
Savings
5
A B
2015 Health
impacts
from
air
pollution 2020
Health Insurance uptake Health Impacts from air pollu4on Health payouts for air pollu4on related illnesses
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DIRECT
Costs
Cost
of
treatment
(Medical
Services)
Actual
Expense
Paid
directly
by
pa4ent
(Out
of
Pocket
Expense)
Paid
indirectly
by
pa4ent
and
rest
of
public
through
insurance
premiums,
taxes,
etc.
(Health
Insurance
Private
and
Social
Security)
(Government/Others)
INDIRECT
Costs
Value
of
lost
produc4ve
4me
(income)
Value
of
lost
leisure
4me
Intangible
Costs
Cost
of
pa4ents
pain
and
suering
Pa4ent
Air
pollu8on
costs
California
193
million
USD
Actual
expense
of
state
and
private
health
insurance
in
California
(2005-2007)
http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/12/health-costs-of-california-air-pollution/
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35% 30%
25% 20% 15% 10% 5%
Other UV
Trucks
PUJ
Bus
Trailers
SUV
3w
0% 0%
2w
5%
10%
35%
Social/political
feasibility
or
will
(proposed
electric
tricycles)
Investment
cost
(e.g.
technological
versus
soft
measures)
9
Assumptions
Indicative Costs
60% of drivers of 12 USD per driver, total 0.7% PM reduction jeepneys, trucks and cost of 920 thousand (1,092 tons avoided) trailers trained by 2020 USD 30% of jeepney eet are LPG by 2020 60% of buses are equipped with DOCs by 2020 4,285 USD incremental 1.6% PM reduction cost per unit, total cost (2,535 tons avoided) of 90 million USD 1,000 USD per unit, 0.6% PM reduction total cost of 5.5 million (946 tons avoided) USD
Replacement
of
240
USD
incremental
50%
of
tricycle
eet
are
0.8%
PM
reduction
combustion
engine
cost,
total
incremental
electric
by
2020
(1,329
tons
avoided)
tricycles
with
electric
cost
of
886
million
USD
10
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11
Key Messages
Actual
expense
of
air
pollution
related
illnesses
are
high
Interest
of
health
insurers
in
preventive
health
measures
(walking,
cycling,
general
tness)
indicate
that
they
can
be
partners
in
promoting
and
maybe
co-nancing
sustainable
transport
measures
There
is
a
business
case
for
health
credits
but
can
be
improved
if
Costs
of
measures
are
brought
down
signicantly
Share
of
health
insurers
in
total
health
expenditures
increases
as
more
people
take
up
a
health
insurance
Include
other
AP-related
illnesses,
road
injuries
Estimation of actual expenses can help engage government to support sustainable transport measures Additional studies needed to further establish health credits nancing for SUT
12
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Lanka
Vietnam
CAI-Asia
Center
Members
Donors
in
2012
Asian Development Bank ADF Cities Development Initiative for Asia ClimateWorks Foundation DHL/IKEA/UPS Energy Foundation Fredskorpset Norway Fu Tak Iam Foundation German International Cooperation (GIZ) Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Institute for Transport Policy Studies Institute for Transportation and Development Policy International Union for Conservation of Nature MAHA Rockefeller Brothers Fund Shakti Foundation Shell Shell Foundation United Nations Environment Program Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (UNEP PCFV) Veolia World Bank
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