Wirelesschargingofsmartphones 120410211326 Phpapp01

Wireless Charging for Smartphone
Kandan Jayaraj (A0028319E) Karthik TR (A0082036M) Sathish Narayanan (A0080102A) Jaskirat Kaur (A0077146B) Wong Wee Yap (A0077152H) Tonmoy Kundu (A0028202X)
Presentation Outline
Smartphones
Current Trends Impact on Power Wireless Charging Products for the Smartphone Charging your Smartphone Current Technology
ENERGY GAP in Smartphones

Value Proposition Road to True Mobility
Our Vision of Wireless Charging

Wireless Hotspots
Technology Progress Cost Structure and Trends Market Drivers
Array of Opportunities Future of Wireless Charging
MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Current Trends in Smartphones Impact on Power

Convergence of communication, entertainment and computing More transistors and migration to smaller, leakier geometries
High performance power New Apps , be the technological advancements, it WhateverNeed for Speed hungry processors
ends up asking for MORE

Higher Memory
POWER
Memory consumes more power
Increased talk time demand and craze for smaller, sleeker devices
3
Higher battery capacity
Wireless Charging Products for Smartphones

Inductive Coupling
Skins
Cases / Covers
IT IS CHEAP!!
Charge Pads / Bundle Kits
Cost = $4.70 each (in USD)

4
Cost = $3.60 each (in USD)
Charging your Smarphone Current technology

Wired
Equipment Portability User Mobility Safety
Li-ion technology
15+ years old Simple energy storage, one cell system, minimized packing Power and energy: well balanced
Relative performance improvements in Li Battery technology VS HDD / CPU
Energy Gap in Smartphones
IMPLICATIONS TO CHARGING SYSTEM:

Battery Capacity Fails to meet demand Charging Interval More frequent Variance in System Charging Performance
Value Proposition Road to True Mobility
Problem
Solution Value Proposition
Battery is not sufficient to fulfill Smartphone power needs
Use wireless technology to fill the energy gap
Wireless energy product that allows recharging on the go convenient and practical manner True Mobility
Wireless Charging
Our Vision for
WIRELESS CHARGING
Wireless Charging Hotspots

Circuit
AC Electricity
Hotspot Source
Oscillating Magnetic Field
The mobile phone is powered to tune to the same frequency as the hotspot source and in the process of resonant magnetic coupling, power is transferred.
10
11
Intelligent Wireless Charging System

Power Receiver
Power Transmitter
Wireless power Detection Detection Wake up from Wireless powerfromIDLE mode Wake up IDLE mode ID and Energy DemandAuthentication and Energy Demand Power Receivers ID Power Receiver Authentication Power Charge Complete Power Transfer Off communication Power Transfer according to communication IDLE mode Power Transfer according to Power Transmitter/IDLE Switch to Multiple Request for Adaptive Energy Demands Request for Charging Mode Energy Demand (optional) Charging Transfer Mode Power
12
Technology Paradigm Wireless charging
Range
Near Field
Far Field
Inductive Coupling
Resonance Coupling
RF / Microwave
13
Range
EM Resonance Coupling
Near Field Far Field
Superior to inductive charging Offer larger distances between the charged device and the source Easily charge multiple gadgets simultaneously, regardless of their position Can transmit across barriers
Inductive Coupling
Resonance Coupling
Microwave / RF
Blue line: Magnetic Fields Created when the current flows through the coil Yellow line: Flow of energy from the sources to Capture Coil
Is it practical to develop this technology for the mass market?

14
Wireless Charging Hotspots: Road to Mainstream Market

Understanding the Roadmap from Labs to Market
R&D Commercialization Market Adoption
3 Major Factors:
Technology Progress Efficiency vs Distance / Efficiency vs Size
o Efficiency Improvement
Better Design Better Materials
Cost Structure and Trends

o Cost of Ownership vs Market Adoption
Market Drivers
15
Wireless Charging Hotspots Technology Progress
Efficiency Break-down: Wired vs Wireless

99%
Connector Wired AC->DC 50Hz DC->AC HiFreq AC->DC
~1% cable loss
Charge control
Energy storage efficiency
Charger 99% 70% 90%
Smartphone
XX%
Magnetic field
Wireless
AC->DC 50Hz
DC->AC Hi-Freq
AC->DC
Charge control
Energy storage efficiency
Transmitter / Charger
17
Up to 80%
Smartphone
Near Field Wireless Charging: Distance vs Efficiency

Proximity coupling
10
2
Vicinity coupling
High Power
(100 W)
Transferred power [W]
10
(10 W)
10
Magnetic coupled Resonance, +60% efficiency Inductive Pad Solutions
(1 W)
10
-1
10-2 10-3
High Efficiency Low Power
10-2
10-1 Distance [m]
10 (1 meter)
10 (10 meters)
18
Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency

Pushing the Mid-Range Efficiency Curve Outwards
Inductive coupling to Resonant Inductive Coupling
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 2 4
Kurs, Moffat and Soljai found that powering two devices at once led to higher efficiency than one device alone.
Efficiency
Team from MIT, wirelessly power a 60W light bulb with 40% efficiency at a 2 metres
VISION
14 16 18
10
12
Distance (m)
19

Technology Driven by Mass Adoption
The two receiving coils resonate with each other as well as with the transmitting coil, and help to reinforce the strength of the magnetic field.
Source: Simultaneous mid-range power transfer to multiple devices Andr Kurs, Robert Moffatt, and Marin Soljai
The efficiency should continue to rise as more devices are added, climbing toward a theoretical limit of 100 percent.
20

Technology Driven by Mass Adoption
800000 700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000
Source: JiWire Mobile Audience Insights Report
0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
We anticipate the market for Wireless Charging Hotspot trend will follow that of the Wi-Fi adoption Trend and the scaling effect driving efficiency up.
21
Near Field Wireless Charging: Size vs Efficiency
Transmitter
Receiver
The Coils offer inductance for resonance at desired frequency. Size - Bigger the coil, higher the efficiency Higher coil Q factor offer longer range
Q = Quality factor of Transmitter / Receiver coil
22

Reducing Receiver Coil Size
Source: Limitation of inductive power transfer for consumer application Eberhard Waffenschmidt, Philips Research
1. A large size difference of the coils reduces efficiency Problem for Mobile Charging with Hotspots
Typical arrangement of a wireless inductive power transmission system.
23
2. A higher Quality Factor of coils pushes the efficiency curve up

Reducing Receiver Coil Size How do we improve Efficiency ?
Improving K, Q1 or Q2
K coupling coefficient
Q1 Quality Factor of Transmitter coil

Q2 Quality Factor of Receiver Coil
Better Design
Better Materials
Improving K,Q1 or Q2 will drive efficiency of resonant magnetic coupling and performance despite limitations created by varying coil sizes
24

Research conducted to improve Q2 through Better Design
Source: Watt-Level Wireless Power Transfer Based on Stacked Flex Circuit Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA *National Semiconductor Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA
The multi-layer design incorporating lamination of four layers together with width variation exhibited a Q-factor improvement of 150% in comparison to the singlelayer inductor.
25

Research conducted to improve k through Better Design
Source: Optimization of Near Field Coupling for Efficient Power Transfer Utilizing Multiple Coupling Structures , Devin Wells Williams
As the spacing decreases between the elements, the magnitude of the coupling between that structure and the receiving element increases Coupling coefficient (k) increases
26

Research conducted to improve k through Better Materials
Source: Wireless Power Transmission Efficiency Enhancement With Metamaterials, MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES
The use of negative-index Metamaterials to enhances coupling coefficient (k) of two resonators and improves efficiency.
27

Recent Research Breakthrough on Wireless Power Transfer
March 14, 2012
28
Cost Structure & Trends
Efficiency Vs Cost
Increasing Efficiency Impact on Cost
Increasing the number of stacks
Adding Material
Reducing space between coils
30
Cost Analysis for Wireless Charging BOM Level

Powdered-iron-based, wireless charging receiving coil Cost = USD $5.48
TIs bq500210 Transmitter IC Cost = USD $3.95
TIs bq51013 Receiver IC

Cost = USD $3.50
31
Cost Analysis for Wireless Charging: Reducing Cost In the footsteps of Integrated Circuits ???
1] Increasing the number of stacks
2] Adding Material
3] Reducing space between coils
1] More process steps overtime 2] Increasing number of layers with technology node 3] Smaller and smaller feature Size overtime
Cost Reduction in IC manufacturing had been possible with advances in science enabled by research, better manufacturing equipment with benefits from reduction in scale.
32
Improvements in System Integration - Size & Cost

Path to delivering Power on to the IC directly
System Integration 3D IC and SiP Power delivery from coil/inductor to the Die
33
WIFI vs Wireless Power Transfer

True Mobility attained from shifting to Wireless Data Transfer Rate declines with distance
Efficiency Push
Wireless Adapter Transmits Radio Signal. Router Receives the Signal.
34
Cost Reductions in Wireless Power Integrated Circuit (IC)

Wireless Power Chip Set Pricing Forecast (Anticipated) (in dollars)
9.10
The price of wireless routers fell from $1,000 in 2000 to just $59 in 2004.
- Dean Takahashi, San Jose Mercury News.
2011 - Texas Instruments Incorporated introduced its next-generation bqTESLA wireless power transmitter integrated circuit (IC). The IC lowers the transmitter bill of materials cost by more than 50 percent, compared to existing solutions, by integrating the transmitter and supporting components into a single chip.
4.50
Market Adoption
Latest reports suggest the inclusion of the "revolutionary" wireless charging feature in Galaxy S3.
International Business Times, March 22,2012.
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
35
Mobile Apps for Intelligent Wireless Charging

Apps will help to
Increase efficiency of wireless charging Control the cost of charging for consumers Make the product more economically feasible and commercially viable
Wireless Hotspot Detected:

- NUS Hspot ))))))) Excellent - McD Hspot ))) Average
Estimated cost for full charge: $0.10 Amount in account: $10.32 Top-up account Share power mode
36
Wireless Charging Hotspots Market Drivers
Market Drivers for Wireless Charging Road to True Mobility
User Expectation Limits to Competing Technologies
Efficiency Improvements
Rapid Market Growth
38
Wireless Charging System Scenarios
39
Advantages of Wireless charging

Universal wireless charging environment
Convenient & Simple to use
Safe, Reliable & Efficient
Low Maintenance Cost
Environmentally Protective
More Energy Savings
Reduction of Electronic Waste
40
Array of Opportunities
Consumer Electronics
Laptops Digital Cameras Television / Media Remotes / Gaming controls
Industrial Applications
Automated Material Handling Industrial Micro- Robots
Wireless Charging Solutions
Biomedical Devices
Implants Pacemakers Defibrillators
Other Applications
Electric Vehicles LED Lighting Military Applications
41
Future of Wireless Power - Consumer Electronics

Wireless Power will change our world
IN THE AIR AT WORK
AT THE HOTEL
AT HOME
AT THE CAFE
ON THE GO
42
AT WORK
Digital Camera
Coffee Mug
Laptop
Cell Phone
43
IN THE AIR
Cell Phone / Kindle
Laptop
44
AT THE HOTEL
Laptop Digital Camera
Cell Phone Kindle
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AT THE CAF
Blender
Cell Phone
Coffee Mug
Kindle
Laptop
46
ON THE GO
Parking Lot GPS Tracking System Media Player Cell Phone / Bluetooth Device
Charging Car Battery
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AT HOME
Blender Laptop Electric Pan
Cell Phone
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AT HOME
49
Conclusion
Wireless Charging is Smart Charging
Wireless Charging would be extremely beneficial to society
Efficient & much better than conventional wired power Freedom of movement in charging area
It is a universal, interoperable solution that meets and anticipates immediate and future consumer needs
In near future, the world will be completely GREEN & Universal WIRELESS!
Eliminates tangled cords
50
Are you Still Wired ??
51

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Wireless Charging for Smartphone

ENERGY GAP in Smartphones

Our Vision of Wireless Charging

Array of Opportunities Future of Wireless Charging

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Current Trends in Smartphones Impact on Power

ends up asking for MORE

Memory consumes more power

Higher battery capacity

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Wireless Charging Products for Smartphones

Cost = $4.70 each (in USD)

Cost = $3.60 each (in USD)

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Charging your Smarphone Current technology

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Relative performance improvements in Li Battery technology VS HDD / CPU

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Energy Gap in Smartphones

IMPLICATIONS TO CHARGING SYSTEM:

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Value Proposition Road to True Mobility

Battery is not sufficient to fulfill Smartphone power needs

Use wireless technology to fill the energy gap

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Our Vision for

Wireless Charging Hotspots

Oscillating Magnetic Field

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Wireless Charging Hotspots

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Intelligent Wireless Charging System

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Technology Paradigm Wireless charging

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Is it practical to develop this technology for the mass market?

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Wireless Charging Hotspots: Road to Mainstream Market

Cost Structure and Trends

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Wireless Charging Hotspots Technology Progress

Efficiency Break-down: Wired vs Wireless

Energy storage efficiency

Charger 99% 70% 90%

Energy storage efficiency

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Near Field Wireless Charging: Distance vs Efficiency

Transferred power [W]

Magnetic coupled Resonance, +60% efficiency Inductive Pad Solutions

10-1 Distance [m]

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Near Field Wireless Charging: Size vs Efficiency

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency

MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities Group Project Wireless Charging of Smartphone

2. A higher Quality Factor of coils pushes the efficiency curve up