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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn

HC VIN K THUT MT M KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

TI THC TP C S
Ti : Tm hiu kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn nhm m bo an ton cho CSDL
Ging vin hng dn: Nguyn Vn Phc Sinh vin thc hin: - Vn Minh Lp: AT6B

H Ni 12/2012

H NI 12/2012

Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn HC VIN K THUT MT M KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

TI THC TP C S

Tm hiu kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn nhm m bo an ton cho CSDL Nhn xt ca ging vin hng dn:............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

im chuyn cn ca nhm.. im chm kt qu bn in hon chnh ca bo co thc tp...............................................

Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn

Mc lc
Ti : Tm hiu kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn nhm m bo an ton cho CSDL ........ 1 Li Ni u .................................................................................................................................................. 5 CHNG I: KIN TRC CA H QUN TR C S D LIU ORACLE ......................................... 6 1.1 LCH S PHT TRIN CA ORACLE ......................................................................................... 6 1.1.1 GII THIU V ORALCE ......................................................................................................... 6 1.1.2 CC PHIN BN ORALCE ...................................................................................................... 6 1.2 KIN TRC ORACLE ...................................................................................................................... 8 1.2.1 Oracle Istance .............................................................................................................................. 9 1.2.2 Oracle Dtabase ........................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.3 Kt ni ti Oracle Server : ......................................................................................................... 13 CHNG II QUN TR NGI DNG V BO MT TRONG ORACLE ..................................... 15 2.1 Phn loi User ................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.1 Database Administrator ............................................................................................................. 15 2.1.2 Security Oficers ......................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.3 Application Developers ............................................................................................................. 16 2.1.4 Database Users........................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.5 Network Administrators ............................................................................................................ 16 2.2 Cc phng thc xc nhn User ....................................................................................................... 17 2.2.1 xc thc bng Password ............................................................................................................. 17 2.1.2 xc thc bng h iu hnh........................................................................................................ 17 2.1.3 xc thc qua mng ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.3. Ci t cu hnh User ....................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 Profile ........................................................................................................................................ 18 2.3.2 Tablespace mc nh.................................................................................................................. 18 2.3.3 Tablespace tm ......................................................................................................................... 18 CHNG III SAO LU V PHC HI D LIU ................................................................................ 20 3.1 Khi qut v sao lu v phc hi d liu.......................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 khi nim v sao lu v phc hi d liu .................................................................................. 20 3.1.2 Nguyn tc sao lu v phc hi ................................................................................................. 20 3.1.3 chin lc sao lu v phc hi .................................................................................................. 27 3.2 Gii php sao lu RMAN ................................................................................................................ 29 3.2.1 Gii thiu RMAN ...................................................................................................................... 29 3

Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn


3.2.2 Cc cu hnh c bn mi trng RMAN ................................................................................... 31 3.2.3 Qun l RMAN.......................................................................................................................... 34 Chng IV DEMO ..................................................................................................................................... 38 4.1 qun l User ...................................................................................................................................... 38 4.2 sao lu v phc hi ........................................................................................................................... 38 KT QU T C V PHNG HNG PHT TRIN CA TI ..................................... 39

Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn

Li Ni u
Trong khong thi gian nh trng xp lch thc tp c s chuyn ngnh vi cc ti do sinh vin t chn, nhn thy bn thn c nim am m v yu thch i vi b mn CSDL c nhn em la chn ti Tm hiu kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn nhm m bo an ton cho CSDL v thng tin l mt phn khng th thiu ca bt k c nhn hay doanh nghip no. i vi cc doanh nghip tm c th thng tin c lu tr thnh mt c s d liu v vi xu th hin nay, CSDL Oracle chim c nhiu u th v c tng lai pht trin ngy cng mnh, Oracle ngy cng c s dng rng ri bi cc u im vt tri ca n nh: Tnh sn sng, tnh bo mt,c kh nng x l mt lng rt ln d liu.. Nhn thy tm quan trng ca CSDL nn em la chn ti ny vi mong mun c mt ci nhn su sc v kin trc ca Oracle, bn cnh l mt s thao tc qun tr c bn m ngi DBA(Database Admin) cn phi nm vng V ni dung ca ti Tm hiu kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn nhm m bo an ton cho CSDL c chia thnh 3 chng nh sau Chng 1 kin trc ca h qun tr c s d liu Oracle : i su m t kin trc tng th ca csdl Oracle, cch kt ni ti csdl Chng 2 qun tr ngi dng v bo mt trong Oracle: ni dung cp n cc user trong csdl, cc phng thc xc nhn user v vic ci t cu hnh user nhm m bo an ton Chng 3 sao lu v phc hi: cp n cc loi v hnh thc sao lu, phc hi trong Oracle, gii thiu tin ch RMAN m Oracle cung cp nhm thc hin chc nng sao lu v phc hi

V thi gian lm ti thc tp c hn v y l ln u tip xc vi mt h qun tr csdl ln, kinh nghim thc t ca bn thn cha c nn bi bo co ca em khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, nhm ln. em mong nhn c s nhn xt nh gi gp ca cc thy c. Em xin gi li cm n ti thy Nguyn Vn Phc tn tnh gip em trong qu trnh thc hin ti ny. Em cng xin gi li cm n ti c on Ngc Uyn dy cho em nhng kin thc c bn v l thuyt c s d liu v MS-SQL em c am m v ng lc tm hiu su hn v lnh vc m bn thn quan tm.

Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn

CHNG I KIN TRC CA H QUN TR C S D LIU ORACLE


1.1 LCH S PHT TRIN CA ORACLE 1.1.1 GII THIU V ORALCE

C s d liu oracle l mt c s d liu mnh m nht th gii. c thit k trin khai cho mi mi trng doanh nghip. Vic ci t, qun l rt d dng, cc cng c pht trin cc ng dng mt cch hon thin v nhanh chng. C s d liu oracle ph hp cho mi loi d liu, cc ng dng v cc mi trng khc nhau bao gm c windows v linux. H qun tr c s d liu oracle 9i/10g/11g. y cth ni l mt h qun tr csdl hng u trn th gii. Hn hai phn ba trong s 500 tp on cng ty ln nht th gii (fortune 500) s dng oracle. vit nam hu ht cc n v ln thuc cc ngnh ngn hng, kho bc, thu, bo him, bu in, hng khng, du kh, u s dng h qun tr csdl oracle. Nhng u im ca ORACLE n nh v tin cy cao. Kh nng x l d liu rt ln, c th ln n hng trm terabyte m vn m bo tc x l d liu rtcao. Kh nng bo mt cao, oracle t bo mt cp C2 theo tiu chun bo mt ca b quc phng m v cng ngh csdl oracle vn c hnh thnh t yu cu t hng ca cc c quan an ninh FBI v CIA. Oracle cn l mt h csdl c lp vi h iu hnh. N cho php khng ch chy trn cc h iu hnh thng mi windows m cn cth chy trn cc h iu hnh m ngun m min ph nh linux m khng cn phi vit li PL/SQL code.Oracle gip cho cc doanh nghip s dng thng tin cht lng cao kt hp, o lng cc kt qu v truyn mt cch chnh xc nht n tt c cc thnh vin trong doanh nghip.
1.1.2 CC PHIN BN ORALCE

Nm 1977 Thnh lp Relational Software Inc. (Larry Ellison, BobMiner, v Ed Oates).Nm 1978 Phin bn Oracle v1 u tin, chy trn h iu hnh PDP-11 ca my RSX (dng ca hng DEC), kh nng s dng b nh ti a l 128 KB.Vit bng ngn ng Assembl.Oracle V1 ch c s dng trong ni b cng ty, khng c pht hnh ra bn nga.Nm 1980 Pht hnh phin bn Oracle v2 y cng l h c s d liu thng mi u tin s dng ngn ng SQL.Phin
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn bn ny vn c vit bng Assembly cho PDP-11, tuy nhin, n cn chy c trnVax/VMS. Nm 1982 Pht hnh Oracle v3 released, Oracle tr thnh DBMS u tin chy trn cc my mainframes, minicomputers, v PC's (portable codebase). Phin bn Oracle u tin th lm vic theo "transactional".Oracle v3 c vit bng C. Nm 1983 Relational Software Inc. i tn thnh Oracle Corporation. Nm 1984 Pht hnh Oracle v4, gii thiu tnh nng "read consistency", c th chy trn nhiu H iu Hnh, v cng l phin bn u tin chy theo m hnh PC - Server.Nm 1986 Pht hnh Oracle v5. Thc s l CSDL client/server, h tr cluster trn VAX. CSDL u tin s dng truy vn d liu phn tn (distributed queries).Nm 1988 Pht hnh Oracle v6. Gii thiu ngn ng PL/SQL.Oracle cng gii thiu sn phm ng dng s dng CSDL Oracle - Oracle Financial Applications. Nm 1989 Pht hnh Oracle v6.2 vi tnh nng chy song song Oracle Parallel Server. Nm 1992 Pht hnh Oracle v7 chy trn UNIX. Nm 1993 Pht hnh b cng c pht trin ng dng - Oracls Cooperative Development Environment (CDE).Gii thiu "Oracle Industries" v "Oracle Media Server".Nm 1994 Pht hnh Oracle v7.1 v Oracle v7 trn my PC. Nm 1997 Pht hnh Oracle8 , gii thiu C s D liu Hng i Tng object-relational. Nm 1998 Pht hnh phin bn trn Intel Linux. Nm 1999 Pht hnh Oracl8i (i = internet), tch hp vi my o Java JVM. Nm 2000 Pht hnh Oracl8i Release 2 Ngai Oracle Database, Oracle cn pht trin b sn phm ng dng cho doanh nghip ERP. Pht hnh Oracl9i Application Server, y l mt sn phm thuc lp gia (midle tier). Nm 2001 Pht hnh Oracl9i Release 1 vi tnh nng Cluster (RAC) v Advanced Analytic Service. Nm 2002 Pht hnh Oracl9i Release 2. Nm 2004 Pht hnh Oracle10g Release 1 (g = grid).Nm 2005 Pht hnh Oracle10g Release 2. Nm 2009 ra mt Database 11g Release 2.Trong phin bn mi ny, cng ngh (RAC) cung cp tnh nng cu hnh ng trn cm my ch (grid plug and play) v kh nng hp nhm cc my ch, cho php cc doanh nghip gim thiu
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn chi ph my ch bng cch sp xp hp l vic trin khai v qun l li c s d liu hp nht. Oracle RAC one Node, mt tnh nng mi trong CSDL Oracle cng c gii thiu. Oracle RAC one Node l gii php cho php khch hng d dng hp nht cc mi trng c s d liu trn cng mt nn tng in ton li vi tnh d phng v sn sng cao c cung cp bi Oracle Real Application Clusters. cng ngh ASM (Oracle Automatic Storage Management - kh nng t ng qun l vng lu tr) c m rng h tr lu tr trn h thng tp tin (Cluster File System) nhm gip khch hng gim chi ph qun l lu tr.
1.2 KIN TRC ORACLE

Hnh 1.1 cc thnh phn ca h qun tr c s d liu Orlace

Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn


1.2.1 Oracle Istance 1.2.1.1 Kin trc b nh memory structures System Global Area SGA

L vng b nh chia s c s dng lu tr d liu v cc thng tin iu khin ca Oracle server . SGA c cp pht trong b nh my tnh m Oracle server ang hot ng trn . Cc User kt ni ti Oracle s chia s cc d liu c trong SGA. Vic m rng khng gian nh trong SGA s lm nng cao hiu sut ca h thng, lu tr c nhiu d liu trong h thng hn ng thi gim c thi gian truy xut a. SGA bao gm vi cu trc b nh chnh Share pool : l mt phn ca SGA lu cc cu trc b nh chia s. Database buffer cache : lu tr cc d liu s dng gn nht. Redolog buffer: c s dng cho vic d tm li cc thay i trong CSDL v c thc hin bi cc tin trnh nn .
1.2.1.2 Kin trc PGA (program global are )

Hnh 1.2 kin trc PGA - L b nh dnh ring cho ngi dng kt ni ti mt CSDL Oracle. - c cp pht khi mt tin trnh c to ra. - Thu hi khi tin trnh kt thc.
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn - Ch c dng cho duy nht 1 tin trnh.
1.2.1.3 Kin trc x l( Process Structure)

Bao gm sever process. user process. background process( DBWn, CKPT, LGWR, SMON,PMON).
1.2.1.4 Kin trc lu tr CSDL ( Database Storage Architeture )

Nhng file cu to nn mt CSDL Oracle bao gm - Control files: bao gm thng tin v csdl( csdl g, thng tin cu trc vt l ca csdl). Nhng file ny c tnh quyt nh ti csdl. Nu khng c chng th ta khng th truy cp ti file d liu trong database. Ngoi ra n cn cha metadata lin quan n sao lu d liu. - Data files : bao gm ngi dng hoc ng dng d liu ca CSDL. - Online redo log file: cho php phc hi Instance ca CSDL. Nu sever csdl xy ra x c v khng cn bt k file d liu no th Instance c th c khi phc vi thng tin ca nhng online redo log file ny. - Parameter files : c dung nh ngha Instance c cu hnh nh th no khi khi ng. - Password file: cho cc user s dng vai tr sysdba, sysoper v sysasm iu khin kt ni ti Instance v qun tr cc tc v. - Backup file: c dng cho khi phc CSDL. Dng khi xy ra s c vt l hoc li do ngi dng thay i hoc xa file nguyn bn. - Archived redo log files: bao gm mt lch s ang din ra ca s thay i d liu pht sinh bi Instance . s dng nhng file ny v file backup ca csdl ta c th khi phc data file mt. - Trace files: mi sever v tin trnh nn c th ghi ti mt trace file ph. Khi xy ra li bn trong mt tin trnh th tin trnh s a thng tin li ti trace file .. mt vi thng tin c ghi ti trace file c tc dng cho nhng ngi qun tr CSDL. Tri li nhng thng khc l dnh cho dch v h tr ca Oracle. - Alert log file: chng l nhng trace file c bit.

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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn


1.2.2 Oracle Dtabase

Hnh 1.3cu trc oracle database Oracle database l tp hp cc d liu c xem nh mt n v thnh phn c nhim v lu tr v tr v cc thng tin lin quan.
1.2.2.1 cu trc vt l

Cu trc vt l ca database bao gm Datafile. Redo Log File. Control File. Datafile : CSDL c th c mt hay nhiu datafile. Cc datafile ny cha ton b d liu trong CSDL .Cc d liu thuc cu trc logic ca CSDL nh table hay index u c lu tr di dng vt l trong cc datafile ca CSDL.
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn Redo Log File: C chc nng l ghi li tt c cc thay i vi d liu trong CSDL. Chnh v th n c s dng bo v CSDL khi cc hng hc do s c. mt CSDL u c t nht t 2 redo log file tr ln. Control File: Controlfile l mt file thng tin dng nh phn n c s dng cho vic khi to v vn hnh database mt cch hiu qu. Mi khi Instance c MOUNT vi mt Oracle database. Cc thng tin trong controlfile s c c ra t xc nh cc datafile v cc online redo log files. Control file cha cc thng tin quy nh cu trc vt l ca CSDL nh Tn CSDL. Tn v ni lu tr cc datafile hay redo log file. Mc thi gian to lp CSDL.
1.2.1.2 cu trc logic

Cu trc Logic ca database bao gm Databases. Tablespaces. Datafiles.

Hnh 1.4 Quan h gia database,tabespaces v datafiles


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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn Mt s im cn quan tm Mi datafile c th phn chia v mt logic thnh mt hay nhiu tablespace Mi tablespace v mt vt l c th c to nn bi mt hoc nhiu datafile Kch thc ca mt tabllespace bng tng kch thc ca cc datafile to nn n. Kch thc ca database cng c th c xc nh bng tng kch thc ca tablespace to nn n.
1.2.3 Kt ni ti Oracle Server :

Hnh 1.5 cc cch kt ni ti CSDL Oralce Mt User c th kt ni ti Oracle Server thng qua mt trong ba cch sau:

Kt ni trc tip: User s logon trc tip trn h thng ang chy Oracle Instance v s dng cc ng dng, cng c thao tc ln c s d liu ca h thng ny. Kt ni hai lp: User s dng ng dng, cng c t mt my trm no v kt ni ti Oracle Server (m hnh Client-Server). Trong m hnh ny chng
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn ta c 2 thnh phn l: Front-End (client) v Back-End (Server) c kt ni thng qua mng. Kt ni ba lp: User s truy xut ti mt my ch ng dng (Application Server) trung gian bng cc cng c (nh Web Browser chn hn) t mt my trm (Client). Sau my ch ng dng trung gian ny s thay mt Client tng tc vi my ch c s d liu (Database Server).

Qu trnh kt ni ti Database Instance:

Hnh 1.6 qu trnh kt ni ti database instance V User process v Server process: V mt l thuyt th User khng th thao tc trc tip tip trn c s d liu c. M User s to ra cc yu cu (gi l User process), cc yu cu ny s c gi ti Server v Server s thc hin cc yu cu ny (Server Process) tc ng ln c s d liu. c s d liu Oracle, vic kt ni ti mt Database Instance c hai khai nim m chng ta cn bit l Connection v Session.

Connection: L qu trnh giao tip gia mt User Process v mt Instance. Con ng lin lc ny c th c thit lp nh mt trong ba cch kt ni ti Oracle Server m mnh ni trn. C ngha l mt h thng c th va chy c User Process v Oracle Database, hoc c th tch ra, kt ni thng qua mt mng. Session: L mt kt ni c th t mt User ti mt Instance thng qua User Process. V d khi mt User s dng SQL*Plus ng nhp vo Oracle Server, nu qu trnh ng nhp tht bi th s khng c chuyn g xy ra. Nu User ng nhp thnh cng, th mt Session (phin lm vic) s c thit lp t y. Session s tn ti cho ti khi User ngt kt ni khi h thng.
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn Cc bc kt ni n DataBase kt ni ti database trc tin . cn phi to lin kt n oracle sever. Lin kt ti oracle sever c to theo cc bc sau - User s dng cng c SQL*Plus hay cc cng c khc ca Oracle khi to tin trnh. Trong m hnh client-sever cc ng dng ny nm trn my client. - Uer thc hin login vo Oracle sever thng qua cc khai bo username v password v tn lin kt ti database . cc ng dng Tool s to mt tin trnh kt ni ti Oracle sever qua cc tham s ny . tin trnh ny l tin trnh phc v s giao tip vi Oracle sever thay cho tin trnh ca user chy trn my client.

CHNG II QUN TR NGI DNG V BO MT TRONG ORACLE


2.1 Phn loi User 2.1.1 Database Administrator

Do h thng Oracle database c th l rt ln v c nhiu useser cng tham gia vo h thng. khi s c mt hay mt s ngi chu trch nhim qun l h thng. nhng ngi c vai tr nh vy gi l Database Administrator (DBA). Mi mt database cn t nht 1 ngi thc hin cng vic qun tr. Mt DBA c trch nhim thc hin cc cng vic ci t v nng cp Oracle server v cc cng c ng dng khc. phn phi h thng lu tr v ln k hoch lu tr cho h thng c s d liu trong tng lai. To nhng cu trc lu tr c bn nh tablespace phc v cho vic pht trin v hot ng ca cc ng dng. to cc i tng trong database nh tables, views, indexes s dng cho cc ng dng c thit k. thay i cu trc database khi cn thit ty theo cc thng tin ca cc Application. qun l cc Users v m bo bo mt h thng. m bo tng thch v bn quyn, phin bn vi h thng Oralce. iu khin v qun tr cc user access truy xut ti database. qun l v ti u ha cc truy xut ti database.
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn ln k hoch sao lu v phc hi cc thng tin c trong database. lu tr cc archive data. sao lu v khi phc database. cp nht cc cng ngh mi p dng vo CSDL.

2.1.2 Security Oficers

Trong mt s trng hp, h thng i hi ch bo mt cao. Khi cn n mt hay mt nhm ngi chuyn thc hin cng tc bo v database gi l security officers. Security officer c th kt ni n database, iu khin v qun l truy cp database ca cc users v bo mt h thng.
2.1.3 Application Developers

Application Developers l ngi thit k v vic cc ng dng database. c trch nhim thc hin cng vic . thit k v pht trin ng dng database. thit k cu trc database cho tng ng dng. nh gi yu cu lu tr cho ng dng. quy nh cc hnh thc thay i cu trc database ca ng dng. thit lp bin php bo mt cho ng dng c pht trin.

2.1.4 Database Users

Database users tng tc vi database thng qua cc ng dng v cc tin ch. Mt user thng thc hin nhng cng vic. truy nhp, s i v xa hy cc d liu c php. to cc bo co i vi d liu.
2.1.5 Network Administrators

i vi database Oracle hot ng trn mi trng mng. khi cn c mt user thc hin cng vic qun tr mng.User ny c trch nhim m bo cc ng dng hot ng tt trn mi trng mng.Cng vic ca Netword Administrators. Nng cp, ci t v troubleshoots mng kt ni, mng thit b phn cng v phn mm. Pht trin v tiu chun h thng ti liu cho cc thit b my tnh v mng. xut v sp lch sa cha, bo tr mng LAN / WAN.
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn


2.2 Cc phng thc xc nhn User

Hnh 2.1 cc phng thc xc nhn User


2.2.1 xc thc bng Password

Oracle s hi ngi dng v tn truy cp v mt khu. nu khp vi s liu c lu trong h thng bo mt ca CSDL th User c quyn truy cp v gn cho cc quyn tng ng.
2.1.2 xc thc bng h iu hnh

i vi mt s HH nu User ca HH trng tn vi user ca CSDL th khi user ng nhp vo hh user cng ng thi c ng nhp vo csdl. DBA cn ci t mt ti khon c tn l OSP$ username cho user ca hh c tn l username khi ng nhp vo csdl user s khng phi nhp password m thay vo l mt du slash.
2.1.3 xc thc qua mng

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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn Hnh 2.2 phng thc xc nhn User bng SSL User s truy xut ti mt my ch ng dng (Application Server) trung gian bng cc cng c (nh Web Browser chn hn) t mt my trm (Client). Sau my ch ng dng trung gian ny s thay mt Client tng tc vi my ch c s d liu (Database Server).
2.3. Ci t cu hnh User

Hnh 2.2 bo mt v ngi dng


2.3.1 Profile

L tp cc gii hn v ti nguyn ca CSDL vi Profile DBA c th thit k c cc gii hn cho cc user trong mt session.DBA gn cc tn tng ng vi mt gii hn ti nguyn xc nh cho cc profile v ty theo yu cu ca User. DBA gn tng profile cho tng user.
2.3.2 Tablespace mc nh

C th coi tablespace l mt th mc gc ca mt user ngha l nu ta thc hin lnh CREAT mt i tng no m khng ch nh r tablespace th i tng va to s nm trong tablespace mc nh ca user ang ang nhp.
2.3.3 Tablespace tm

Chc nng l to mt vng lu tr tm cho vic thc hin cc lnh SQL c vng lu tr ln nh cc lnh GROUP BY, ORRDER BY.. khi Oracle s chim ly cc extent lien tc trong tablespace tm thc hin cc sp xp v kt ni cn thit sau khi hon thnh Oracle s gii phng ngay segment dng .
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn

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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn

CHNG III SAO LU V PHC HI D LIU


3.1 Khi qut v sao lu v phc hi d liu 3.1.1 khi nim v sao lu v phc hi d liu

Backup l vic to ra cc bn sao ca d liu gc, ct gi mt ni an ton. V ly ra s dng (restore) khi h thng gp s c. Sao lu (backup) v khi phc (restore) d liu, l k thut thng c s dng nhm bo m an ton d liu phng trng hp CSDL b hng.Trong qu trnh thc hin qun tr CSDL th mt s nguyn nhn sau y ta phi s dng n k thut sao lu v khi phc d liu: a b hng (cha cc tp tin CSDL). Li ng dng. Li do ngi dung. Server b hng. Nguyn nhn bn ngoi (thin nhin, ha hon, mt cp,...). B v tnh hay c lm thng tin sai lch. B hack..

3.1.2 Nguyn tc sao lu v phc hi

Ty theo yu cu sao lu CSDL m ta c cc loi sao lu nh sau Sao lu vt l v sao lu logic. Sao lu ton b v sao lu tng phn. Sao lu online v sao lu offline. Sao lu nht qun v sao lu khng nht qun. Sao lu nng v sao lu lnh.

Oracle cung cp 3 loi phc hi d liu c bn


Instace Recovery. Crash Recovery. Media Recovery.

* sao lu vt l
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn L sao lu cc file CSDL vt l, cc datafile v cc control file . Nu CSDL ang hot ng trong ch ARCHIVELOG th CSDL cng to ra cc archived redo log ta c th sao lu cc datafile , control file cc archived redolog. Sao lu vt l chia thnh 2 loi : image copy v image backup trong mt nh dng proprietary ( c quyn) + Image copy l mt bn sao chnh xc ca mt datafile, control file hoc mt archived log. C th to image copy ca cc file vt l bng cc tin ch ca h iu hnh hoc bng cu lnh COPY trong RMAN. V c th phc hi m khng cn thc hin thm tin trnh no bng cch s dng cc tin ch h iu hnh hoc l cu lnh RESTORE trong RMAN. + Image backup l to ra mt tp cc b sao lu(backupset) v cc b sao lu ny l i tng vt l cha mt hoc nhiu phn sao lu( backup piece ). Backup piece l mt file vt l trong nh dng c quyn ca ORalce. Image backup to ra mt b sao lu cho mi kch c ca cc khi tablespace . kch thc chun ca b sao lu l 8K. ngoi ra c th to thm 4 kch thc phi chun na ph thuc vo thi im khi to tablespace. B sao lu l mt khng gian lu tr vt l m quan h gia cc khi d liu v n v lu tr a phi tun theo quy lut nht nh m Oralce ra.RMAN sao chp cc khi thuc tablespace cng kch c vo cng mt b sao lu. * sao lu logic L sao lu cc i tng CSDL nh: bng, th tc c lu,sao lu logic l xut cc lc i tng v mt file nh phn. S dng cc tin ch Import v Export di chuyn d liu Oracle trong v ngoi ca lc Oracle. * Sao lu ton b L sao lu control file hin ti v tt c cc datafile ca CSDL. Sao lu ton b l dng sao lu ph bin nht. Sao lu ton b khng yu cu vn hnh CSDL trong ch lu tr c th. Tuy nhin trc khi thc hin sao lu ton b th ngi dng phi c kin thc
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn lin quan n vic thc hin sao lu CSDL trong ch ARCHIVELOG v NOARCHIVELOG. Hnh sau miu t cc ty chn cu hnh hp l cho ch sao lu

Whole database backup

Archived Log

NoArchived Log

Close

Open, inconsistent

Close

Open, inconsistent(not vaild)

inconsistent

consistent

inconsitent(not vaild)

consistent

Hnh 2.3 Cc ty chn trong sao lu ton b Sao lu ton b c th l sao lu nht qun hoc sao lu khng nht qun. D sao lu l nht qun hay khng th cng ch ra rng ngi dng cn p dng cc redo log sau khi khi phc bn sao lu . c th thc hin vic sao lu ton b bng cc phng php sau

S dng tin ch ca h iu hnh to ra cc bn copy cho tng datafile ring l cng nh controlfile hin thi ca CSDL. Dng lnh RMAN BACKUP DATABASE. Chy lnh RMAN COPY DATAFILE da vo chui datafile trong CSDL v chy lnh COPY CURENT CONTROLFILE da vo controlfile hin thi ca CSDL.

* Sao lu tng phn


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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn + sao lu tablespace Sao lu tablespace l sao lu cc datafile m to thnh tablespace. V d : nu mt tablespace ca ngi dng cha cc datafile 2,3,4 th khi sao lu phi sao lu 3 file ny. Sao lu tablespace online hay offline ch hp l nu CSDL hot ng trong ch ARCHIVEGLOG. Bi v ngi dng phi thc hin li cc thay i i vi tablespace tablespace c phc hi ph hp vi cc tablespace khc trong CSDL. Thi im duy nht sao lu tablespace hp l vi CSDL trong ch NOARCHIVELOG khi tablespace hin ti l tablespace ch c hoc tablespace offline-normal . cc trng hp ny l ngoi l bi v cc tablespace ny khng c bt k mt thay i no nn khi phc hi li chng ngi dng khng cn phi thc hin li cc thay i. +Sao lu datafile Sao lu datafile l sao lu mt datafile ring l. sao lu datafile khng ph bin nh sao lu tablespace v hp l khi CSDL hot ng trong ch ARCHIVELOG . nu CSDL ang hot ng trong ch NOARCHIVELOG th sao chp datafile l hp l nu

Tt c cc datafile trong tablespace c sao lu. V khng th khi phc CSDL tr khi tt c cc datafile c sao lu. Cc datafile l Read-only hoc offline-normal.

C th thc hin sao lu dataifle ring l bng cc cch nh


S dng tin ch ca h iu hnh. Dng cu lnh RMAN BACKUP DATAFILE. Dng RMAN COPY DATAFILE to bn sao datafile. +sao lu controlfile

Sao lu control file l mt kha cnh quan trng trong sao lu v phc hi bi nu mt control file khng truy cp c th ta s khng th mount hoc m CSDL.
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn Nu s dng RMAN sao lu v phc hi. v sau chy lnh CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP th RMAN s t ng sao lu control file. Bi v sao lu t ng s dng filename mc nh,RMAN c th khi phc bn sao lu ny thm ch nu RMAN khng c sn. do tnh nng ny rt hu ch khi phc li cc th hin trong trng hp gp s c. C th thc hin sao lu th cng cc control file theo cc cch sau:

RMAN BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE to ra mt bn sao lu RMAN sao lu control file ca CSDL v lnh COPY CURRENT CONTROLFILE to mt image copy control file ca CSDL. Cu lnh ALTER DATABSE BACKUP CONTROLFILE to ra mt bn sao lu nh phn ca control file. Cu lnh ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE xut ni dung ca control file ra mt file SQL script. C th s dng script ny to mt control file mi.

+ sao lu achived redo log Cc Archived redo log rt quan trng khi phc mt bn sao lu khng nht qun. Cch duy nht phc hi mt bn sao lu khng nht qun m khng s dng cc Archived Log l s dng sao lu d phng tang(Incremental backup)RMAN. c th khi phc li mt bn sao lu thng qua bn sao ghi log gn nht, mi bn ghi c to ra gia hai im phi sn sng s dng( available). Ni cch khc khng th khi phc t bn ghi 100 n 200 nu bn ghi 160 b mt nu bn ghi 160 b mt phi ngng khi phc ti bn ghi 159 v m CSDL vi ty chn RESETLOGS. Bi v Archived redo log rt quan trng nn cn phi sao lu thng xuyn. *sao lu nht qun L sao lu ca mt hoc nhiu cc file CSDL, thc hin khi CSDL ng li bng lnh shutdown clean. Khng ging nh sao lu khng nht qun, sao lu ton b nht qun khng yu cu hi phc sau khi n c khi phc. cho d thc hin sao lu nht qun hay khng nht qun u ph thuc mt s nhn t. nu CSDL phi lun m v sn sng p ng bt c lc no th sao lu khng nht qun l la chn duy nht. nu thi gian s dng ti thiu theo nh k th ngi
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn dng c th quyt nh sao lu nht qun ca ton b CSDL mt cch nh k v b sung chng vi bn sao lu online ca cc tablespace thng s dng. Cch duy nht to bn sao lu ton b CSDL mt cch nht qun l shutdown CSDL vi cc ty chn NORMAL, IMMEDIATE hoc TRANSACTIONAL v thc hin sao lu khi m CSDL c ng li. * sao lu khng nht qun Sao lu khng nht qun l sao lu ca mt hay nhiu cc file CSDL m ngi dng thc hin trong khi CSDL vn ang hot ng hoc sau khi CSDL c shutdown mt cch bt thng. Sao lu khng nht qun l sao lu m trong tt c cc datafile c/ghi v cc control file cha c checkpoint SCN ging nhau. V d, mt datafile header read/write c th cha mt SCN 100 trong khi cc datafile header read/write khc c th cha SCN 95 hoc 90. Oralce khng th m CSDL cho ti khi tt c cc header SCN ny nht qun vi nhau, c ngha l cho ti khi tt c cc thay i c ghi li trong cc online redo log c p dng cho cc datafile trn a. Nu CSDL chy 24/7 th khng c s la chn khc l phi thc hin sao lu khng nht qun cho ton b CSDL. V d sao lu mt tablespace offline trong mt CSDL ang m l khng nht qun vi cc tablespace khc bi v cc phn trong CSDL ang c sa i v ghi vo a trong khi sao lu tablespace ang c x l. Cc datafile header ca cc datafile online v datafile offline c th cha SCN khng nht qun. Ngi dng phi chy CSDL trong ch ARCHIVELOG thc hin sao lu trc tuyn cc datafile online. Nu CSDL hot ng trong ch ARCHIVELOG, ngi dng c th xy dng sao lu ton b CSDL bng cch s dng sao lu cc datafile online ti cc thi im khc nhau. * sao lu online Ngi dng c th sao lu tt c cc datafile hoc cc datafile c ch ra trong tablespace online ca CSDL ang m nhng ch vi CSDL hot ng trong ch ARCHIVELOG. Trong trng hp ny, oracle c th ghi cc thay i ln

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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn cc datafile online trong khi qu trnh sao lu cng ang c thc hin. sao lu cc datafile online c gi l mt sao lu online. Khi sao lu mt datafile ring l hoc mt tablespace online vi tin ch ca h iu hnh, ngi dng phi x dng mt phng php khc x l cc future block. u tin ngi dng phi t tablespace online vo ch sao lu bng cu lnh TABLESPACE BEGIN BACKUP. Kt qu l Oralce ngng vic ghi cc checkpoint vo cc datafile ca tablespace. Sau phi t tablespace vo ch sao lu c ngi dng qun l cc datafile trong tablespace online,tablespace read/write . sau khi sao lu online hon thnh , oracle chuyn file header ti im kim tra CSDL hin ti. *sao lu offline Sao lu offline c thc hin trong khi cc tablespace v datafile l offline. Ngi dng c th a tablespace vo trng thi offline bng cu lnh ALERT TBALESPACE OFFLINE vi cc ty chn: NORMAL, IMMEDIATE, TEMPORARY. Thc thi sao lu offline vi ty chn NORMAL phi chc chn rng sau khi qu trnh sao lu hon tt ngi dng khng phi thc hin phc hi a cc tablespace hoc datafile tr li trng thi online. Bng cch ny, ngi dng c th thc hin nhng sao lu cn thit trn cc datafile v tablespace m khng phi shutdown CSDL hoc thc hin phc hi. * Nguyn tc phc hi Oracle cung cp 3 loi phc hi c bn l

Instance Recovery. Crash Recovery. Media Recovery.

Crash Recovery c s dng phc hi t mt li khi CSDL ca mt th hin n b ph hy hoc CSDL ca tt c cc th hin trong Oracle Real Application Cluster b ph hy. Instance Recovery c cp trong trng hp th hin ang hot ng(th hin cn sng st trong khi cc th hin khc cht) c dng khi phc th hin b li trong CSDL.

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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn Mc tiu ca Instance Recovery v Crash Recovery l khi phc nhng thay i khi d liu nm trong b nh cache ca th hin khng hot ng v ng redo thread m c m ra trc . Instance Recovery v Crash Recovery ch s dng cc online redo log file v cc online datafile hin ti. Oracle khi phc li cc redo thread ca cc th hin khng hot ng. Instance Recovery v Crash Recovery c nhng c im chung sau

Thc hin li nhng thay i s dng cc datafile online hin ti. Ch s dng cc online redo log v khng bao gi yu cu s dng Archived log. S ln phc hi c qun l bi s lng cc th hin khng hot ng s lng redo c to ra trong mi redo thread khng hot ng k t ln checkpoint cui cng v bi cc yu t c cu hnh bi ngi dng nh s lng, kch thc ca cc redo log file, tn sut checkpoint v ci t phc hi song song.

Oracle thc hin vic phc hi t ng trn 2 thi im

Ti ln u tin m CSDL, sau khi mt th hin CSDL n b ph hy hoc tt c cc th hin ca CSDL Oracle Real Application b ph hy(Crash Recovery). Khi mt vi th hin ca Oracle Real Application Cluster cu hnh b li(Instance Recovery). Vic phc hi c thc hin mt cch t ng bng cc th hin ang hot ng trong cu hnh.

* Media Recovery c chia lm hai loi Datafile Media Recovery: c s dng phc hi nhng datafile hoc control file hin ti b mt hoc h hi. Block media Recovery: l k thut khi phc v phc hi cc khi d liu ring l trong khi tt c nhng file CSDL cn online v sn dung.
3.1.3 chin lc sao lu v phc hi

Trc khi to mt CSDL Oracle ngi dng phi quyt nh lm th no bo v CSDL chng li cc nguy c dn n h hi CSDL. Nu ngi dng khng pht trin k hoch sao lu trc khi to mt CSDL th ngi dng c th khng
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn thc hin c phc hi nu li a ph hy cc datafile , cc online redo logfile hoc cc control file. Quy tc vng ca sao lu v phc hi Mt b cc file cn thit phc hi t li ca bt k file CSDL Oracle datafile, control file, hoc online redo log c gi l Redundancy set. Redudancy set bao gm Bn sao lu cui cng ca control file v ca cc datafile. Tt c archived redo log c to sau khi bn sao lu cui cng c a ra. Bn sao ca online redo log file c to ra bi vic nhn bn, nh x h iu hnh, hoc c hai. Cc file cu hnh nh file sever parameter, tnsname.ora, v listener.ora. Quy tc vng ca vic sao lu v phc hi l cc thit lp ca a hoc media khc cha s thit lp d tha( redundancy) nn t trn cc a ring bit cha datafile , online redo log v control file. Chin lc ny m bo a li m cha a c datafile b hng cng khng l nguyn nhn mt cc bn sao lu hay cc redo log cn thit phc hi li database. Do mc ti thiu CSDL cn 2 a: mt gi cc file d phng ( Redudancy set) mt gi cc file CDSL. Ngi dng c th ng dng cho mt h thng theo nguyn tc vng nhiu cch khc nhau. Oracle khuyn co nn lm theo cc hng dn sau: Nhn bn online redo log file v control file hin ti mc Oracle, khng ch mc h iu hnh hoc mc phn cng. Nhn bn mc Oralce c thun li l nu li I/O th ch lm hng mt trong s cc bn copy. S dng h iu hnh hoc nh x phn cng my tnh t nht cho control file, v Oracle khng cung cp h tr y cho nhn bn cc control file Gi t nht mt bn sao lu d phng y bao gm bn sao lu gn y nht trn a cng.

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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn Nu bn sao lu d phng c to ra bng phn chia nh x cc b, n khng tt nh mt bn sao lu c to ra thng qua h iu hnh hoc lnh RMAN bi v n da vo nh x h thng con cho c cc file quan trng v mt bn sao lu d phng. Cc file sao lu cui cng vo bng, l bn sao lu d phng. Do gi cc Archived log l cn thit phc hi cc bn sao lu ny. Nu CSDL c lu tr trn thit b d phng RAID th nn t b sao lu d phng trn mt tp cc thit b m khng phi trn cng mt thit b RAID. Nu gi b sao lu d phng trn bng th duy tr t nht hai bn sao ca d liu, bi v cc bng c th b li. Ngoi ra, nu c nhiu bn sao lu ca cng mt d liu, th xem xt vic gi cc bn sao lu cc thi im khc nhau. Bng cch ny, nu mt bn sao lu hoc vic phn chia nh x( split mirror) c thc hin khi CSDL b li, th ngi dng c mt bn sao lu c hn khi CSDL khng b li.
3.2 Gii php sao lu RMAN 3.2.1 Gii thiu RMAN

RMAN (Recovery Manager )l cng c sao lu do Oralce cung cp c tch hp sn trong CSDL dng thc hin mt lot cch hnh ng sao lu v phc hi, bao gm c vic duy tr cc d liu lch s v vic sao lu.Gii php ny c s dng bi n cung cp mt giao din chung cho cc tc v sao lu trn cc h iu hnh khc nhau v cung cp mt s k thut sao lu dnh ring cho Oracle.

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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn

Hnh 3. 1 mi trng RMAN RMAN c th truy cp bng dng lnh % rman RMAN> CONNECT TARGET SYS@prod target database Password: password connected to target database: PROD (DBID=39525561) Hoc qua Oracle Enterprise Manager.

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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn

Hnh 3.2cu trc lnh RMAN


3.2.2 Cc cu hnh c bn mi trng RMAN

n gin ha vic s dng lin tc ca RMAN. Ta c th thit lp cc ci t cu hnh cho CSDL. Cc thit lp ny kim sot nhiu kha cnh ca RMAN. V d: ta c th cu hnh chnh sch duy tr sao lu, ni lu tr mc nh cho sao lu, thit b mc nh sao lu ti ( Tapes). Ta c th dng lnh. SHOW hoc CONFIGURE xem v cu hnh cc thay i RMAN. xem cu hnh mc nh ca RMAN ta c th dng lnh SHOW ALL. i vi hu ht cc thng s cn thit sao lu. RMAN cung cp cu hnh mc nh hp l cho php sao lu d phng v phc hi d liu c bn. Khi la chn chin lc sao lu bng RMAN th s c hiu qu cao hn nu ta bit cu hnh nhng chn khc. +Cu hnh thit b mc nh cho sao lu a hoc bng (Tapes)

31

Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn

Hnh 3.3 cu hnh thay i ch sao lu Mc nh RMAN cu hnh s dng a nhng trong thc t ta thng s dng Tapse sao lu nn ta cn cu hnh li ch n sao lu. Lnh CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO sbt ngha ci a lm thit b sao lu mc nh

ci Tapse lm thit b sao lu mc nh

Bng 3.1 cu hnh thit b sao lu + cu hnh mc nh cho kiu sao lu: Backup sets hoc Copies RMAN c th lu tr d liu sao lu trong mt cu trc logic c gi l Backup sets, l n v nh nht ca mt sao lu RMAN. Mt thit lp sao lu c cha cc d liu t mt hoc nhiu datafiles, redo log file, archived redo log. Backup sets c to ra v truy cp thng qua RMAN, Lnh BACKUP c th to Backup sets hoc image copies. i vi a ta c th cu hnh RMAN to ra Backup sets hoc image copies.
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn Ta s dng lnh CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO t kiu sao lu mc nh. RMAN c th to file backup sets c nn. Ta c th cu hnh RMAN s dng kiu backup c nn lm mc nh bng cch s dng lnh COMPRESSED. V d: cu hnh kiu backup cho Disk CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COPY; # image copies CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # uncompressed V d: cu hnh nn d liu cho kiu backup sets CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET; CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET; + cu hnh knh Mt knh RMAN l mt phin kt ni ti CSDL. RMAN s dng knh ny thc hin cc tc v. S dng lnh CONFIGURE CHANNEL cu hnh ty chn knh cho a hoc bng. Nu s dng lnh ny thit lp knh chung cho mt thit b th mi ci t trc c loi b, ngay c khi cc thit lp trc khng h mu thun. Mc nh RMAN s cp pht mt knh a cho tt c cc hot ng, ta c th phi xc nh cc ty chn khc nhau nh v tr ch n sao lu... V d: cu hnh v tr sao lu ch n khc v tr mc nh CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk1/ora_df%t_s%s_s%p'; + cu hnh control file v sever parameter file t ng backup Ta c th cu hnh control file v parameter file t ng backup. Qu trnh t ng sao lu s xy ra khi c mt bn ghi sao lu c thm vo.

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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn Nu CSDL chy trong ch ARCHIVELOG v mt sao lu t ng xy ra khi cu trc Metadata ca CSDL trong control file thay i th RMAN c th khi phc li CSDL ngay c khi control file, recovery catalog v parameter file b mt. Bi v tn tp tin trong qu trnh backup t ng theo mt nh danh nht nh nn RMAN c th tm kim n m khng cn truy cp vo kho lu tr v sau khi phc li cc tp tin parameter file. Sau khi ta khi ng Instace vi cc paarameter file c phc hi, RMAN c th khi phc controlfile t qu trnh sao lu t ng, sau khi mount cc control file RMAN c th khi phc li cc datafile v tm kim archived redo logs. Ta c th kch hot tnh nng sao lu t ng bng lnh CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; V tt tnh nng bng lnh CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;
3.2.3 Qun l RMAN 3.2.3.1 bo co qu trnh hot ng ca RMAN

Mc ch: Ta nn xem cc bo co nh k cho bit nhng g c sao lu, nhng tp tin no cha c sao lu c th ln k hoch sao lu cc file thiu, file li mt cch hp l. Mt khc ta cng cn phi c mt ci nhn tng quan v khng gian lu tr a ra cc phng n b sung nu cn thit. RMAN lun lu tr cc bo co ca Metadata trong control file ca CSDL m trn n thc hin cc hot ng. xem qu trnh hot ng ca RMAN ta s dng cc lnh trong bng di Ni dung danh sch Cu lnh Backup sets proxy copies and LIST BACKUP ngha Ta c th xem tt c cc b backup, nh sao lu, v cc chnh sch sao lu ca CSDL, datafile,
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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn tablespace, control file or sever parameter file. Image copies LIST COPY Hin th bn sao lu ca tt c file CSDL v archived redo log a ra danh sch Archive redo log file hoc ch nh cc tp tin lu tr ng nhp c nhn thng qua SCN, thi gian hoc mt chui cc dy s

Archived redo log LIST ARCHIVELOG files

Database incarnations

LIST INCARNATION

Lit k tt c cc th hin ca CSDL, mt th hin ca CSDL mi c tao ra khi ta m ty chn RESETLOGS CSDL trong mi trng Data Guard c phn bit bng cch thit lp tham s khi to ca n FOR Lit k tt c cc bn sao lu v nh sao lu ca mt CSDL trong mi trng Data Guard Lit k cc im hi phc m RMAN bit ti

Databases in a Data LIST DB_UNIQUE_NAME Guard environment

Backups and copies LIST . . . for a primary or DB_UNIQUE_NAME standby database in a Data Guard environment Restore points LIST RESTORE POINT

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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn Names scripts of stored LIST SCRIPS NAME a ra danh sch catalog script c to ra bi lnh CREAT SCRIPT hoc REPLACE SCRIPT Failures for use LIST FAILURE with Data Recovery Advisor nh x thi ty chn thay i

Bng 3. 2 danh sch cc i tng lin quan n sao lu v phc hi Ta s dng cu trc lnh V$ xem truy vn d liu Metadata
3.2.3.2 duy tr sao lu RMAN v lu tr cc bn ghi

Cc cng vic qun l RMAN v cc khu vc lin quan n vn bo tr CSDL l : Duy tr kim sot control file. Duy tr khu vc phc hi nhanh. Cp nht bo co RMAN. Xa sao lu RMAN v Achived redo logs. Hy mt CSDL.

3.2.3.3. duy tr mt Recovery Catalog

Mt Recovery Catalog l mt lc CSDL s dng bi RMAN lu tr d liu v mt hoc nhiu CSDL Oracle. Thng thng ta lu tr catalog trong mt CSDL chuyn dng. Mt Recovery Catalog c cc li ch nh: To ra s nht qun cho lu tr RMAN c lu tr trong control file ca CSDL. Cc recovery catalog ging nh mt kho lu tr th cp. Nu control file v tt c cc file backup b mt th Metadata vn cn trong Recovery Catalog . Mt Recovery Catalog tp trung tt c Metadata cho CDSL. Lu tr cc Metadata mt ni duy nht s lm cho vic qun tr cc bo co v tc v d dng hn.

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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn Mt Recovery Catalog c th lu tr lch s Metadata lu hn control file, kh nng ny rt hu ch trong trng hp ta phi phc hi CSDL d liu v xa hn so vi thi gian trong control file. Mt s tnh nng ca RMAN ch c khi s dng Recovery Catalog .

37

Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn

Chng IV DEMO
4.1 qun l User

To mi mt User vi c ch xc nhn bi DataBase. Thay i thuc tnh ca User . Hy User.

4.2 sao lu v phc hi

To bn sao lu d phng. To mt s c nh vi csdl. Khi phc li CDSL m CSDL vn ang hot ng.

38

Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn

KT QU T C V PHNG HNG PHT TRIN CA TI


Kt qu: c thm nhiu kin thc v DBMS Oracle. C ci nhn tng qut v kin trc Oracle, Bo mt trong Oracle v phng din ngi dng, sao lu v phc hi m bo an ton cho h thng. nng cao s hiu bit ca bn thn v mt lnh vc chuyn su nht nh nh hng c hng i ca bn thn trong vic tm hiu chuyn su thm v Oracle nh cc thao tc qun tr duy tr redo log file, data file,undo data.. Mc tiu: Tip tc tm hiu chuyn su v Oracle, cc h thng trin khai trong thc t (RAC). Tm hiu cc c ch m ha d liu trong Oralce. Tm hiu thm v HH m ngun m nh Linux, Centos c th trin khai Oracle trn cc HH nhm nng cao tnh sn sng ca h thng. Trin khai mt CSDL thc t c quy m nh vi mc ch kim th v duy tr cho CDSL hot ng n nh.

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Kin trc Oracle v cc tc v qun tr c bn

TI LIU THAM KHO


Kin trc v qun tr ngi dng kin trc v qun tr CSDL Oracle do trung tm in ton-cng ty in lc 2 bin dch Sao lu v phc hi http://docs.oravn.com/B28359_01/backup.111/b28270/toc.htm ngoi ra tham kho thm trong b gio trnh chun ca Oracle http://docs.oravn.com/B28359_01/index.htm v cc website http://khanh.com.vn/post/2011/08/14/Kien-truc-Oracle-DatabaseServer.aspx http://www.oravn.com/

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