Mathematics QS 026 2009/10 Topic 7 : Numerical Method Tutorial CHAPTER 7 : NUMERICAL METHOD 1.

1. Use the Trapezoidal rule with 4 strips to find an approximate value for giving your answer correct to two decimal places. 2. Use the Trapezoidal rule with 5 ordinates to find an approximate value for

0 1

dx x2

01 +

sin d, giving your answer correct to three decimal places.

3. The region A in the first quadrant of the x-y plane is bounded by the y-axis, in the x-axis from 0 to
and the curve y = 2 2

1 cos x sin x .

a. Find the area of A with integral method. b. By using the Trapezoidal rule with 3 intervals each of width area of A, giving your answer correct to 3 decimal places. c. Calculate the percentage error in your answer.

, to estimate the 6

x 4. Find and approximate value for e dx using Trapezoidal rule with 6 intervals
2

5. If L =

4 ln x

dx
4 ln x

a) find the exact value of

dx x b) Estimate L using Trapezoidal rule with 5 strips . Giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
1

6.

Prove that

tan x sec x dx

= 1-

2 . Then , write your

answer correct to three decimal places. Hence, by using Trapezoidal rule with 5 strips calculate the error . 7. 8. Show the equation x 3 6 x + 1 = 0 has a root between x = 0 and x = 2 . For each of the following equations find a root correct to three decimal places. Use the iteration and initial value suggested. a ) x 2 5 x + 2 = 0, xn +1 = 5 xn 2, x0 = 4.5 b) x 4 4 x 3 = 0, xn +1 = 4 4 xn + 3, x0 = 1.5 47

Mathematics QS 026 2009/10 Topic 7 : Numerical Method Tutorial 9. a) Show that the equation x 3 + 7 x 2 = 0 has a root between 0 and 1. b) Show that the equation x 3 + 7 x 2 = 0 can be rearranged in the form 2 x= 2 . x +7 c) Use an iteration based on this rearrangement with an initial value decimal places. 10. Find the real root of function xn +1 = x=1 to find this root correct to three

x 3 + 3 x 2 1 = 0 by iterative method using the iterative

1 xn 3 and the initial approximation x1 = 0.5. Give the answer 3 correct to 3 decimal places. 11. Show that the equation e x + x 2 = 0 has a root between 0 and 1. Use an iterative method to find this root correct to 2 decimal places. 12. Show that the equation sin x x 0.5 = 0 has a root lying in the interval [-2, -1]. Using the iteration formula xn +1 = sin xn 0.5 , find the root correct to 3 decimal places 13. Use Newton-Raphson method to solve the equation 3 x + cos x 3 = 0 correct to four decimal places. Start with x0 = 0.5 . 14. Sketch the graphs of y = cos 2 x and y = x on the same axes for 0<x<1, estimate the root of the equation cos 2 x x = 0. Hence, by using the Newton-Raphson method, find the root correct to three decimal places. 15. On a single diagram, sketch the graph of y = e x and y = x + 0.5 . Hence, find the interval a < x < b , where a and b are consecutive positive integers, in which the point of intersection lies. Then solve the equation e x = x + 0.5 by using NewtonRaphson method and give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. 16. Given two function, y = ln( x + 1) and y = 4 2 x , for x > 1 . a) On the same axes, sketch the graph for both functions. b) Using different signs, show that the equation ln( x + 1) + 2 x 4 = 0 has solution between 1 and 2. c) Using Newton-Raphson method, find the solution of the equation ln( x + 1) + 2 x 4 = 0 , correct to three decimal places.

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Mathematics QS 026 2009/10 Topic 7 : Numerical Method Tutorial 17. On the same axes, sketch the graph of y = 2e x and y = 4 x 2 . Show that a root of the equation 2e x + x 2 = 4 lies in the interval [0.55,0.65]. Hence, use the NewtonRaphson method, find the root correct to three decimal places. 18. Use the Newton-Raphson method to find the root of the equation xe x = 1 correct to three significant figures. PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 1. On single diagram , sketch the graph of y = 2 + sin x and y = x2 for interval x . Hence , find an approximation for a positive root of the equation 2 + sin x - x2 = 0 . By taking this value as a first approximation, use the NewtonRaphson method tosolve the equation. Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures . [2001/12 marks] By using the trapezoidal rule, find the approximation value of cos x dx
6 2

2.

by dividing the integration interval into 4 sub-intervals of equal width. Give your answer correct to four decimal places . [2002/7marks] 3. Using the Newton- Raphson method and by taking xo = 0.6 , estimate the root of the equation x3 3x2 + 1 = 0 correct to three decimal places . [2003/6marks]
2 Use the trapezoidal rule to approximate 1 x dx with 6 sub- intervals, giving 1 1

4.

your answer correct to three decimal places. [2004/6 marks] 5. Use the trapezoidal rule with four subintervals to approximate cos 4 x dx . Give
0 4

your answer correct to three decimal places. [2005/6 marks] 6. Use Newtons method to find an approximation value of correct to three decimal places.
3

3 . Give your answer

[2005/6 marks] 7. a) Use the trapezoidal rule with n = 4 to approximate

1 + x . Using definite
0

dx

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Mathematics QS 026 2009/10 Topic 7 : Numerical Method Tutorial integration, find the value of reason for the difference.
3

1 + x . Compare the two answers and give the

0

dx

8.

[2006/7 marks] b) Approximate 7 by using Newton-Raphson method and initial value 2, up to the second iteration. [2006/3 marks] 3 By sketching the graph of y = x and y = 4 x 2, show that the equation [2007/3 marks] x 3 4 x + 2 = 0 has three real roots. a) Show that one of the real roots of the equation lies between 1 and 2. [2007/3 marks] b) By using the Newton-Raphson method and initial value 2, determine the real root that lies between 1 and 2, correct to two decimal places. [2007/6 marks]

ANSWERS 1) 0.78 3) (a)

4 unit2 3

2) 2.106 (b) 1.356 (c) 1.703% 6) 0.007 9) (c) 0.282 13) 0.7579 4) 0.7451 10) 0.532 14) 0.515 (b) 0.93 (b) 1.784 12) -1.497 16) (c) 1.535 18) 0.567

5) (a) 0.9609 8) (a) 4.561 11) 0.44 15) 0.266 17) (c) 0.599

ANSWERS FOR PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 1) 1.73 2. 0.6603 3. 0.653 4. 1.459 5. 0.541 6. 1.442 7) a) 0.697 ( by using trapezoidal rule ) 0.693 ( by using definite integration ) Reason : Different value because the method of trapezoidal rule is using a small value of n . b) 1.91294 8 (b) 1.68 TIPS. 1. Trapezoidal rule is used to evaluate a definite integral which cannot be exactly integrated in terms of standard functions. 2. n ordinates is equivalent to n 1 strips . 3. Iterative method is used to find the solution of non-linear equations. 4. It is important to determine the iterative function g(x) appropriately. 5. Always remember to perform the test which is used to determine whether the iterative function is acceptable or not. 6. In practice, scientific calculator can be used to help us with the calculation by utilizing the formula memory programmed.

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Mathematics QS 026 2009/10 Topic 7 : Numerical Method Tutorial 7. Keep in your mind that Newton Raphson method does not always work. In some cases the sequence may diverge or converge to undesired roots. 8. Please refer to CD 5 QS 026. (CD is available in the library)

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