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AP PSYCHOLOGY: Chapter 3: Nature, Nurture and Human Diversity

Directions: All work must be typed, 12-pt font with standard heading. Any questions not answer in complete sentences will not count. PART 1 Pages 95-101 1. Describe the similarities between evolutionary psychology and the environment (parents, peers, and culture). 2. What is the role of a behavior geneticist? 3. How is every human close to being your identical twin? 4. How are geneticists and psychologists interested in DNA? 5. Describe gene complexes 6. How are fraternal twins genetically different from identical twins? Describe the implications. 7. What is the significance of Jim Lewis and his brother? 8. What were Thomas Bouchards critics argument concerning twin similarity? 9. Describe the stunning finding from studies of hundreds of adoptive families comparing adopted children to their adopted parents and biological parents. PART 2 Pages 102-107 1. Describe the four findings concerning temperament. 2. How do identical twins have a more similar temperament? 3. Is heritability higher in dramatically different environments or very similar environments? 4. How do heritable individual differences imply heritable group differences? 5. How are genes self-regulating? 6. Give an example of how environment triggers gene activity and how our genetically influenced traits evoke significant responses in others. 7. Which psychological disorders are genetically influenced and how do molecular geneticists seek out the implicated genes? 8. How does prenatal screening pose ethical dilemmas? 9. How is progress a two-edged sword as imagined in Brave New World? 10. Would you want genetic tests on your unborn offspring? In the uterus? What would you do if your child would be destined for hemophilia? A learning disability? Would society benefit or lose if such embryos were aborted? PART 3 Pages 107-118 1. How does our behavioral and biological similarities arise from our shared human genome? Give examples 2. What did Belyaev and Trut demonstrate about certain traits when selected? 3. Give an example of how we are predisposed to behave in ways that promoted our ancestors surviving and reproducing. 4. Elaborate on the three examples of gender differences in sexuality. 5. How does natural selection explain womens more relational and mens more recreational approaches to sex?

6. What do heterosexual men and women find attractive in the other sex? 7. What are some of the social consequences of evolutionary psychology? 8. Describe the differences between same-placenta identical twins and separate placenta identical twins. 9. Describe the process of pruning. 10. Does our neural tissues change throughout life and how? 11. How is parental nurture like nutrition? 12. Provide a specific example of peer influence on children. PART 4 Pages 119-126 1. How do humans differ and compare with each other across cultures? 2. Describe norms of some cultural groups. 3. What were the greatest culture shocks to the U.S. Peace Corps volunteers in adjusting to their host countries? 4. What were some negative cultural changes to the United States since 1960? 5. Describe five characteristics of individualism and collectivism. 6. How do collectivists in eastern cultures contrast from individualists in western cultures? 7. Compare child-rearing practices between collectivists and individualists. 8. As members of different ethnic and cultural groups, how are humans similar? PART 5 Pages 126-137 1. Describe the relevance of gender and aggression and gender and social power. 2. How does Gilligan believe females differ from males in regards to viewing themselves as separate individuals? 3. How do males biologically differentiate from females during development in pregnancy? 4. What happens when glandular malfunction or hormone injections expose a female embryo to excess tester one? 5. Provide examples how gender roles vary over time. 6. How are young children like gender detectives? 7. Compare social learning theory and gender schema theory. 8. Describe the biopsychosocial approach to development (Figure 3.10).

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