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Application of 3D TLM Simulation to EMI Analysis

Dr. David Johns Director of EM Engineering Flomerics Inc. & Dr. Bernhard Lampe Flomerics Ltd.

Application of 3D TLM Simulation to EMI Analysis

Dr. David Johns Director of EM Engineering Flomerics Inc. & Dr. Bernhard Lampe Flomerics Ltd.

Electromagnetic Interference - EMI

NATO definition of EMI;
An electromagnetic disturbance which interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades the effective performance of electronic or electrical equipment

Sources of EMI
1 KHz 1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz 100 GHz

Lightning Nuclear EMP HIRF Radar Digital Electronics

Overview
Brief introduction in the principles of the TLM method Test examples for shielding analysis, lightning strike, and EMP testing Real-world applications

Time-Domain TLM Analysis

TLM= Transmission line matrix
Voltage Pulses Excited Pulses Connect and Scatter Process Repeats

2t
Time progression

3t

Sub-Grid Features
Special models can be embedded in the TLM grid to efficiently simulate;
Thin panel diffusion Wire coupling Slots and seams Leakage through air vents Lumped circuits
TLM grid

wires

No fine meshing required -> Large-scale modeling feasible

Shielding Example
8 x 6 cm hole Output point

FFT
640 MHz 940 MHz

External source

Air vent with 2mm square holes 30 x 30 x 9 cm enclosure

Shielding Example

640 MHz

940 MHz

Lightning Analysis
MIL-STD-464 defines a current component A that represents a severe lightning stroke The component can be modeled by a double exponential waveform TLM is a time-domain technique and the lightning waveform can be applied as a transient source

i(t) = Io(e-t/ e-t/) Io = 218,810 A = 88.07 s =1.545 s

Current Diffusion
Lightning is a lowfrequency phenomenon (1 Hz to 10 MHz) At low frequencies, metals are not good magnetic shields;
Consider an Aluminum panel of thickness 1.2mm Current will diffuse through the metal according to the skin depth

Lightning Test Problem

13.2m sized metal box with interchangeable lid and front panel;
Side walls are perfect electrical conductors (PEC) Top can be PEC or 1.2mm thick Aluminum Front panel can be closed or contain a slot Lightning current driven into conductor Magnetic field calculated inside the box
M. Sarto, IEEE trans. On EMC, Vol. 43, No. 3, August 2001

Lightning conductor

PML

Slot aperture (12 x 0.01)

Simulated Magnetic Field

Current in conductor Al box

Hz Hx

Hy

Lightning waveform (source)

Diffusion through walls slows response

Simulated Magnetic Field

PEC side walls, Al lid PEC side walls, Al lid, slotted front panel

Hz Hx Hx Hy

Hy

Hz

Magnetic field reduced with PEC side walls

Faster response with slot present

Current Distribution
100 KHz 10 MHz

Diffusion dominates

Slot leakage dominates

Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)

Gamma rays from a nuclear burst collide with air molecules producing Compton electrons The Compton electrons interact with the earth's magnetic field, producing an intense electromagnetic pulse (EMP) that propagates downward to the earth's surface If a weapon were to be detonated 250 miles above the US, nearly the entire nation would be affected Peak electric fields can reach tens of thousands of volts per meter

EMP Analysis
MIL-STD-464 defines an Electric field transient that represents a high altitude EMP (HEMP) Transient is modeled by a double exponential waveform EMP spectrum ranges from 1 MHz to 1 GHz

E(t) = k Eo(e-t/ e-t/) Eo = 50,000 V/m K = 1.3 = 25 nS = 1.67 nS

EMP Test Problem

70cm size box

Carbon fiber reinforced front panel

Incident EMP wave 50 KV/m, 5ns rise time and 200ns fall time

EMP Simulation
E Field

H Field

TLM Prediction

Measured (EMP Simulator)

M. DAmore et. al, IEEE trans. On EMC, Vol. 42, No. 1, February 2000

Real World Applications

DD(X) Future Combatant Destroyer

Antenna radiation Cable coupling Shielding analysis

F-35 Joint Strike Fighter

LCAC Antenna Installation

Chelton 30-01 modeled using wire helix

Man-on-the-move whip antenna

Antenna positions and ground planes designed

LCAC Interference
Surface current distribution shows areas of potential interference

AV201 voice/data communications blade antenna radiating at 150 MHz

Top Side Interference

AS-1735 UHF antenna radiating at 300 MHz

C130 Internal Coupling Analysis

Internal space of C130 aircraft

wire routing Hog trough grounded 1.8m intervals

Mutual Inductive Coupling at 48 MHz

BIU wire ELT antenna feed cable

Shielded Cable Analysis

Simulation of IEC96-1 transfer impedance test Electrically short length of cable modeled Braid modeled as a thin copper tube containing rhombic shaped apertures Apertures are parameterized and determined from braid weave angle, number of ends etc. Current driven down shield Voltage between inner wire and shield calculated RG-213 Model I I V

Transfer Impedance ZT = V/I

RG-213 Transfer Impedance

TLM prediction

measured
R De Leo et al., IEEE trans. On EMC, Vol. 41, No. 3, August 1999

Wire Cage Model

TLM automatically builds a cage of wires to model the cable shield Transfer impedance is applied to the wire-cage Voltage and current induced on internal wire can be calculated

Braid current

Coupling to Inner Wire

Shield current

Inner wire current

Summary
The TLM method is ideally suited to the simulation of EMI problems;
Time-domain solver with unsurpassed stability for late time analysis Extensive sub-grid capability enabling important detail to be modeled efficiently Large scale modeling feasible

Examples:
Shielding analysis Lightning strike and EMP Antenna performance Cable coupling Shielded cables

For further information please visit Flomerics at stand 634 or type www.flomerics.com

Electromagnetic Interference - EMI

NATO definition of EMI;
An electromagnetic disturbance which interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades the effective performance of electronic or electrical equipment

Sources of EMI
1 KHz 1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz 100 GHz

Lightning Nuclear EMP HIRF Radar Digital Electronics

Overview
Brief introduction in the principles of the TLM method Test examples for shielding analysis, lightning strike, and EMP testing Real-world applications

Time-Domain TLM Analysis

TLM= Transmission line matrix
Voltage Pulses Excited Pulses Connect and Scatter Process Repeats

2t
Time progression

3t

Sub-Grid Features
Special models can be embedded in the TLM grid to efficiently simulate;
Thin panel diffusion Wire coupling Slots and seams Leakage through air vents Lumped circuits
TLM grid

wires

No fine meshing required -> Large-scale modeling feasible

Shielding Example
8 x 6 cm hole

Output point

FFT
640 MHz 940 MHz

External source

Air vent with 2mm square holes 30 x 30 x 9 cm

enclosure

YYYYYYYYY

Shielding Example

DRAFT
By institut_gosa1 at 9:49:43, 18-Jan-13

640 MHz

940 MHz

Lightning Analysis
MIL-STD-464 defines a current component A that represents a severe lightning stroke The component can be modeled by a double exponential waveform TLM is a time-domain technique and the lightning waveform can be applied as a transient source

i(t) = Io(e-t/ e-t/) Io = 218,810 A = 88.07 s =1.545 s

Current Diffusion
Lightning is a lowfrequency phenomenon (1 Hz to 10 MHz) At low frequencies, metals are not good magnetic shields;
Consider an Aluminum panel of thickness 1.2mm Current will diffuse through the metal according to the skin depth

Lightning Test Problem

13.2m sized metal box with interchangeable lid and front panel;
Side walls are perfect electrical conductors (PEC) Top can be PEC or 1.2mm thick Aluminum Front panel can be closed or contain a slot Lightning current driven into conductor Magnetic field calculated inside the box
M. Sarto, IEEE trans. On EMC, Vol. 43, No. 3, August 2001

Lightning conductor

PML

Slot aperture (12 x 0.01)

Simulated Magnetic Field

Current in conductor Al box

Hz Hx

Hy

Lightning waveform (source)

Diffusion through walls slows response

Simulated Magnetic Field

PEC side walls, Al lid PEC side walls, Al lid, slotted front panel

Hz Hx Hx Hy

Hy

Hz

Magnetic field reduced with PEC side walls

Faster response with slot present

Current Distribution
100 KHz 10 MHz

Diffusion dominates

Slot leakage dominates

Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)

Gamma rays from a nuclear burst collide with air molecules producing Compton electrons The Compton electrons interact with the earth's magnetic field, producing an intense electromagnetic pulse (EMP) that propagates downward to the earth's surface If a weapon were to be detonated 250 miles above the US, nearly the entire nation would be affected Peak electric fields can reach tens of thousands of volts per meter

EMP Analysis
MIL-STD-464 defines an Electric field transient that represents a high altitude EMP (HEMP) Transient is modeled by a double exponential waveform EMP spectrum ranges from 1 MHz to 1 GHz

E(t) = k Eo(e-t/ e-t/) Eo = 50,000 V/m K = 1.3 = 25 nS = 1.67 nS

EMP Test Problem

70cm size box

Carbon fiber reinforced front panel

Incident EMP wave 50 KV/m, 5ns rise time and 200ns fall time

EMP Simulation
E Field

H Field

TLM Prediction

Measured (EMP Simulator)

M. DAmore et. al, IEEE trans. On EMC, Vol. 42, No. 1, February 2000

Real World Applications

DD(X) Future Combatant Destroyer

Antenna radiation Cable coupling Shielding analysis

F-35 Joint Strike Fighter

LCAC Antenna Installation

Chelton 30-01 modeled using wire helix

Man-on-the-move whip antenna

Antenna positions and ground planes designed

LCAC Interference
Surface current distribution shows areas of potential interference

AV201 voice/data communications blade antenna radiating at 150 MHz

Top Side Interference

AS-1735 UHF antenna radiating at 300 MHz

C130 Internal Coupling Analysis

Internal space of C130 aircraft

wire routing Hog trough grounded 1.8m intervals

Mutual Inductive Coupling at 48 MHz

BIU wire ELT antenna feed cable

Shielded Cable Analysis

Simulation of IEC96-1 transfer impedance test Electrically short length of cable modeled Braid modeled as a thin copper tube containing rhombic shaped apertures Apertures are parameterized and determined from braid weave angle, number of ends etc. Current driven down shield Voltage between inner wire and shield calculated RG-213 Model I I V

Transfer Impedance ZT = V/I

RG-213 Transfer Impedance

TLM prediction

measured
R De Leo et al., IEEE trans. On EMC, Vol. 41, No. 3, August 1999

Wire Cage Model

TLM automatically builds a cage of wires to model the cable shield Transfer impedance is applied to the wire-cage Voltage and current induced on internal wire can be calculated

Braid current

Coupling to Inner Wire

Shield current

Inner wire current

Summary
The TLM method is ideally suited to the simulation of EMI problems;
Time-domain solver with unsurpassed stability for late time analysis Extensive sub-grid capability enabling important detail to be modeled efficiently Large scale modeling feasible

Examples:
Shielding analysis Lightning strike and EMP Antenna performance Cable coupling Shielded cables

For further information please visit Flomerics at stand 634 or type www.flomerics.com